cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Synchrotron characterization of nanograined UO 2 grain growth

This activity is supported by the US Nuclear Energy Advanced Modeling and Simulation (NEAMS) Fuels Product Line (FPL) and aims at providing experimental data for the validation of the mesoscale simulation code MARMOT. MARMOT is a mesoscale multiphysics code that predicts the coevolution of microstructure and properties within reactor fuel during its lifetime in the reactor. It is an important component of the Moose-Bison-Marmot (MBM) code suite that has been developed by Idaho National Laboratory (INL) to enable next generation fuel performance modeling capability as part of the NEAMS Program FPL. In order to ensure the accuracy of the microstructure based materials models being developed within the MARMOT code, extensive validation efforts must be carried out. In this report, we summarize our preliminary synchrotron radiation experiments at APS to determine the grain size of nanograin UO2. The methodology and experimental setup developed in this experiment can directly apply to the proposed in-situ grain growth measurements. The investigation of the grain growth kinetics was conducted based on isothermal annealing and grain growth characterization as functions of duration and temperature. The kinetic parameters such as activation energy for grain growth for UO2 with different stoichiometry are obtained and compared with molecular dynamicsmore » (MD) simulations.« less
Investigation on occupational health of 20 furniture factories in Shunyi District of Beijing

Objective:To understand the status of occupational health in furniture factories in Shunyi District.Methods: The technological process,protection facilities,personal protective equipment and occupational hazard factors of 20 furniture factories were investigated and tested on site.Results: The passing rate of dust,noise,benzene,methylbenzene and formaldehyde in work sites were 48.8%,64.5%,97.1%,93.6% and 0.00% respectively.Dust concentration and noise intensity in the machining process work site were higher than that of the polishing work site,a statistically significant difference was found(P0.05).Conclusion: Supervision and law enforcement should be strengthened.Enterprises and workplaces with serious occupational hazards should be carried out regulation and supervision,in order to protect the health of workers.
P-156 Innovation in therapeutic services and rehabilitation in palliative care

The Wisdom Hospice in Rochester, Kent benefited from the Department of Health funding in 2014 which supported redevelopment and expansion of the day hospice as well as the creation of a new physiotherapy gym. Due to these changes we have been able to expand the range of services, increasing access for patients and carers to a series of innovative therapeutic programmes. The creation of the physiotherapy gym has allowed increased development of the specialist palliative rehabilitation service including: New weekly circuit exercise group New 3 session fatigue and breathlessness group Dedicated outpatient clinic space for assessment and treatment including acupuncture where appropriate Dedicated assessment and treatment space for the use of ward patients and day hospice patients A new range of exercise equipment to help patients maintain and improve their independence, strength, mobility and quality of life as well as boost their mood and self-confidence. The new Day Hospice development promotes themodel of person centred care incorporating patients, carers and local communities. We engage with Carers, empowering them to access support and validating the importance of the caring role. Patients and carers have equal access to a diverse range of support services. Specialist days offer a network of support and opportunities to develop resilience and coping enhancing quality of life and communication. The therapeutic services include: Art therapy:supporting the expression of feelings and experiences through images and various forms of art work. The SAFE programme:6 weektherapeutic support programme for carers. A patient and carer group: offers 6 sessionsproviding information, emotional and psychological support. Making meaningful memories using a variety of media including textiles,life story work, personal journals and technology. Relaxation and visualisation:reducing psychological distress. Complementary therapies Pamper days: improving self-image andself-esteem. Neurological specialist service Public events: increasing access to information and support.
Seeds of Change and Emancipation: Towards a Cognitive Mapping of Globilisation in Literature:

200 years of industrial capitalism, and 500 years of colonialism, have caused the worst human and environmental crisis in the history of human kind. Rapid and unprecedented depletion of natura reso...
High performance fibers from aramid polymers

With an unparalleled combination of high strength and modulus, toughness, and heat resistance among materials, aramid fibers are the model for engineering materials. Their outstanding physical properties are caused by a combination of molecular-level structure, interchain bonding, high degree of crystallinity, and processing techniques. This chapter deals with developments in the production of well-established and commercially available high-performance fibers from aramid polymers such as Kevlar, Nomex, Technora, and Twaron. Their structure–property relationship as well as applications and outlook are discussed. In addition, some of the recent developments and understandings with regard to the structure of these fibers and modifications to achieve superior performance are included.
Reduced models for pulse shaping and nonlinear dynamics in optical parametric oscillators

We propose reduced-order models based on eigenmodes and manifold projection to study synchronously pumped optical parametric oscillators. This enables rapid simulation and gives physical insight to the pulse compression and sech-pulse formation observed in experiments.
The Feast of Life, Joy and Love: The Laughter and Smile of the Soul

How can harmony in discord, the triumph of symphony over the discordant voices be accomplished? It is the joy and life, the laughter and smile of the soul, the harmony and the revelation of completion in the incomplete, in music and dance, in painting and poetry which make concordant the discordant. The singers of eternal melodies in Italian comedy and fetes galantes, speak the language of beauty, the smile of their mind and soul, that comes from the heart of their world and straightway reaches our heart. Art, music, and poetry are the only means of communication left to man with the eternal. Modern man might find Dante’s Heaven as boring as Heaven itself, but Dante’s Hell fascinating. Beatrice emerges in an ambiance of light and music. Music seemed to best express world harmony, the harmony of the spheres: “Tourne, Bietris, tourne tes saints regards” telle fut leur chanson vers ton fidele qui pour te voir a tant de pas marches. “Par grâce fais-nous grâce en devoilant pour lui ta bouche, afin qu’il apercoive la seconde beaute encore tu celes.” O resplendeur d’eternelle clarte, est-il un sage ayant pâli sous l’ombre du haut Parnasse ou bu en sa fontaine, de qui l’art ne parut tout empeche, te cuidant peindre en ta figure vive de l’harmonie de neuf aombre, quand par les airs s’envola ton sourire!1 The concerts champetres and fetes galantes as the painter Watteau presented them were given in the dim light at sunset in a worldly setting of a jardin d’amour with the sensuous enchantment of Tassos’ garden of delight in Adonis.
The Pursuit of Food Authenticity: Recommended Legal and Policy Strategies to Eradicate Economically Motivated Adulteration (Food Fraud)

The paper recommends that the FDA enforce the existing statutory mandate against EMA for the benefit of consumers in a smart, efficient manner by setting enforcement priorities and by collaborating with science experts and the food industry. The paper also recommends that the food industry address food fraud by embracing the norm of food authenticity and establishing self-governance rules as it has done so with sustainability. Last, the paper proposes specific changes in litigation against food fraud.
ABSTRACT MULTI-GRID WITH APPLICATIONS TO ELLIPTIC BOUNDARY-VALUE PROBLEMS

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the approximate solution of an abstract elliptic variational problem. While this theory is applied to solving the large sparse linear systems that arise in connection with finite element or finite difference procedures for solving self adjoint elliptic boundary value problems, it can also be applied to problems that do not arise from partial differential equations. The chapter presents a sequence that involves a sequence of finite dimensional spaces M j , j=1,2,…,k. Under certain circumstances, the solution to a problem is approximated well using smaller spaces. As the smaller spaces are required to have geometrically fewer unknowns than the largest one, the savings in computation is substantial.
Waves in Cylindrical Structures, Spheres, and Wedges

Many bodies of practical interest may be closely approximated by cylindrical structures, spheres, and wedges. The scattering and absorption characteristics of these bodies are important in many practical problems. This chapter investigates the scattering of waves from these objects and the effects of these structures on the radiation characteristics of antennas. It presents a number of powerful analytical techniques, including the Fourier transform, saddle‐point technique, Watson transform, residue series representation, and geometric optical solutions. The chapter also investigates the radiation from an axial dipole located near the conducting cylinder. One of the important characteristics of antennas is the radiation pattern, the behavior of the field at a large distance. It is important to develop an alternative representation that may be useful in describing waves for more practical and complex shapes. The Watson transform technique offers this alternative representation which may be used for more complex problems.
Major Depressive Disorder and Cardiovascular Disease in African-American Women

ABSTRACTMajor depression is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study used the National Survey of American Life (NSAL) to examine the co-occurrence of major depressive disorder (MDD) and CVD in a nationally representative sample of African American women (n = 2,216). Results from a series of logistic regression models indicated high rates of MDD and CVD in the sample, and the African American women with MDD were 1.59 times more likely to have CVD compared to those without MDD. High rates of MDD/CVD co-morbidity appeared across those living in and not living in poverty. These individuals demonstrated greater functional impairment and were high users of mental health services. Our findings validate that MDD and CVD co-occur and the need for more holistic interventions are warranted. The interface of co-morbid health conditions is critical to developing integrated models of care. Integrated health care systems are central for improving physical and mental health outcomes. These findings faci...
Disgorging profits in design patent cases

Does the recent U.S. Supreme Court decision in the Apple v. Samsung case represent a quagmire?
Performance of WUW and general ASR speech recognition systems in different acoustic environments

The Automatic Speech Recognition (ARS) Systems have become popular in the different areas of applications, such as education assistance, medical assistance, personal assistant, robotics and vehicles, telecommunications Industry, disabilities systems, home automation, and security access control. All these applications in life will increase the number of speech commands, which are Wake-up-words. The WUW speech recognition is similar to Key-Word spotting. However, in this paper, we propose an approach that will be used to detect the Wake-up-word (WUW) as a command with 100% accuracy and to provide a whole speech recognition system that can work in both WUW and General ASR systems with high accuracy. Also, this new ASR system will be used to solve one of the biggest problems in speech recognition, which is how to discriminate between the uses of a word or phrase in an alerting and a referential context. For example, in the use of the word “Computer'' in an alerting context is "Computer, show me the chart? '' and in a referential context it is “Every computer should have a speaker. Moreover, we tested the new system with different acoustic environments, such as different background noise levels, different speaker distances to the microphone, and different speakers.
What Unconditional Credence in Individual Desert Claims Does Retributivism Require

Punishing a person based on low unconditional credence in their deservingness to be punished is consistent with retributivist deontological principles. Negative retributivism absolutely prohibits the intentional or knowing infliction of undeserved harm on individuals identified as undeserving, not the intentional or knowing infliction of risks of undeserved harm on individuals. Meanwhile, the knowing infliction of undeserved harm on some unidentified individuals generates not overriding reasons against punishment, but pro tanto reasons against punishment that are to be weighed against other non-overriding reasons for punishment like crime prevention. The upshot is that uncertainty regarding any identified person’s deservingness to be punished does not entail that punishment is generally impermissible if negative retributivism is true. One might be misled into thinking that impossibly high levels of unconditional credence in individual desert claims is morally required by failing to distinguish our actual criminal law practices, which are extremely harsh and unjustifiable, from criminal law as it ought to be.
Detection of pediatric musculoskeletal pathology using the fluid-sensitive sequence

Musculoskeletal complaints are common among children, and magnetic resonance (MR) is increasingly used to supplement the clinical assessment. The validation of a short triage protocol could reduce the number of unnecessary contrast-enhanced MR studies that sometimes also require the need for sedation. To compare the diagnostic accuracy between fluid-sensitive sequence and contrast-enhanced MR study in the detection of musculoskeletal pathology in the pelvis and the appendicular skeleton in children older than 2 years. We performed a retrospective review between Feb. 1, 2016, and Oct. 31, 2016, and identified 99 studies from 96 patients (48 boys and 48 girls; mean age ± standard deviation, 11.1±4.6 years) without syndromic deformity, recent trauma, a history of infectious or inflammatory arthropathy, prior instrumentation or incomplete records. Two radiologists reviewed each study twice, at least 1 month apart, first using only the fluid-sensitive sequences (triage study) and later using the contrast-enhanced study. Readers rated the presence or absence of pathology independently and generated final impressions in consensus. We used Cohen’s kappa (κ) and percentage agreement to compare agreement between readers and between studies, respectively. Inter-reader agreement was overall higher for the contrast-enhanced studies (κ range = 0.91–1) than for the triage studies (κ range = 0.49–1). Percentage agreement between studies was high for the detection of pathology (97–100%) and for the impressions (93%). Clinical diagnoses were stress reaction or overuse in 31%, infection in 21%, space-occupying process in 17%, normal in 15%, inflammatory in 14%, and both inflammatory and overuse in 1%. The full study increased diagnostic confidence in five studies and accuracy in two but did not alter management. The fluid-sensitive sequence had a near-perfect percentage of agreement with the contrast-enhanced study in the detection of musculoskeletal pathology and could possibly be used to screen children who need a contrast-enhanced MR study.
INVESTIGATIONS OF SUBSTITUTED BENZOFURAN-3-CARBOXYLATES, BENZO(1,2-B-4,5-B′)DIFURANS AND BENZO(1,2-B-4,3-B′)DIFURANS

The Michael addition of ethyl acetoacetate to benzoquinone, toluquinone, and chlorobenzo-quinone leads to formation of substituted 5-hydroxybenzofuran-3-earboxylates and linear benzo-[1,2-b:4,5-b']difurans. The previously reported structural proof for the benzodifurans obtained from chlorobenzoquinone and toluquinone, although correct in the conclusion, is shown to be invalid. Proof of the linear benzodifuran structures was obtained by comparison of the uv spectra with authentic angular benzo[1,2-b:4,3-b']difurans.
Operating system implications of fast, cheap, non-volatile memory

The existence of two basic levels of storage (fast/volatile and slow/non-volatile) has been a long-standing premise of most computer systems, influencing the design of OS components, including file systems, virtual memory, scheduling, execution models, and even their APIs. Emerging resistive memory technologies - such as phase-change memory (PCM) and memristors - have the potential to provide large, fast, non-volatile memory systems, changing the assumptions that motivated the design of current operating systems. This paper examines the implications of non-volatile memories on a number of OS mechanisms, functions, and properties.
Mesoporous activated carbon shows superior adsorption affinity for 11-nor-9-carboxy-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol in water

Increasing cannabinoid use with the incipient favorable public discourse raises concerns about their environmental release and potential impacts. Concentration of common cannabinoids and their metabolites (e.g., THC and THC-COOH) are already detected in source waters and engineered water systems across the globe with a rising trajectory. This study examines the adsorption of THC and THC-COOH onto activated carbons in surface water-relevant concentrations and investigates the effect of carbon’s physicochemical properties. At higher equilibrium concentration (i.e., Ce > 300 µg/L), adsorption of cannabinoids correlates with the sorbent-specific surface area. On the contrary, at lower concentrations (i.e., Ce = 0.1–100 µg/L), cannabinoid adsorption was predominantly controlled by pore size of the carbon. More specifically, when the surface area was not limited (i.e., dilution conditions), cannabinoid molecules appeared to have preferably attached within the mesopores. The adsorption mechanism deciphered in the study will facilitate in selection of commercial activated carbon to remove cannabinoids in drinking water treatment systems. This work will also provide a baseline for further research on removal of other cannabinoids (e.g., CBD), other structurally relevant drugs, their metabolites, and reaction byproduct from engineered treatment systems.
Clinical uses of cannabis and cannabinoids in the United States

The role of cannabis in medicine is rapidly evolving. Medical cannabis is now legal in a majority of states, and THC and CBD, the prominent cannabinoids found in cannabis, have both been utilized in the development of FDA-approved drugs. Due to the complicated legal status of cannabis and cannabinoids, as well as regulations that vary from state to state, the appropriate use of these substances for both patients as well as clinicians is often unclear. Advancements in the understanding of the pharmacology of cannabis have led to numerous proposed uses of these drugs, including as antidepressant or analgesic agents. However, clinical trial data for these substances suggests that many purported indications of cannabis and cannabinoids are not supported by good clinical data. Furthermore, cannabis and several cannabinoid-based medications have potentially concerning side effect profiles that may limit their use in certain patient populations. As the legal status and clinical database of these medications continue to evolve, physicians will need to continue to balance the real potential of these compounds with their limitations and adverse effects.
Factors Associated With Potentially Missed Diagnosis of Appendicitis in the Emergency Department

Importance Appendicitis may be missed during initial emergency department (ED) presentation. Objective To compare patients with a potentially missed diagnosis of appendicitis (ie, patients with symptoms associated with appendicitis, including abdominal pain, constipation, nausea and/or vomiting, fever, and diarrhea diagnosed within 1-30 days after initial ED presentation) with patients diagnosed with appendicitis on the same day of ED presentation to identify factors associated with potentially missed appendicitis. Design, Setting, and Participants In this cohort study, a retrospective analysis of commercially insured claims data was conducted from January 1 to December 15, 2019. Patients who presented to the ED with undifferentiated symptoms associated with appendicitis between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2017, were identified using the Clinformatics Data Mart administrative database (Optum Insights). The study sample comprised eligible adults (aged ≥18 years) and children (aged Main Outcomes and Measures Potentially missed diagnosis of appendicitis. Adjusted odds ratios (AORs) for abdominal pain and its combinations with other symptoms associated with appendicitis were compared between patients with a same-day diagnosis of appendicitis and patients with a potentially missed diagnosis of appendicitis. Results Of 187 461 patients with a diagnosis of appendicitis, a total of 123 711 (66%; 101 375 adults [81.9%] and 22 336 children [18.1%]) were eligible for analysis. Among adults, 51 923 (51.2%) were women, with a mean (SD) age of 44.3 (18.2) years; among children, 9631 (43.1%) were girls, with a mean (SD) age of 12.2 (18.2) years. The frequency of potentially missed appendicitis was 6060 of 101 375 adults (6.0%) and 973 of 22 336 children (4.4%). Patients with isolated abdominal pain (adults, AOR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.62-0.69;P Conclusions and Relevance Regardless of age, a missed diagnosis of appendicitis was more likely to occur in women, patients with comorbidities, and patients who experienced abdominal pain accompanied by constipation. Population-based estimates of the rates of potentially missed appendicitis reveal opportunities for improvement and identify factors that may mitigate the risk of a missed diagnosis.
Onset and critical radius of heterogeneous bubble nucleation

In this work, the onset of heterogeneous bubble nucleation is studied using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and experiments. In MD simulations, heterogeneous bubble nucleation is initiated in liquid argon by partially heating a platinum surface. Multiple simulations are run by varying the width and temperature of the heated part of the surface; each simulation results in either a collapsing, stable or growing bubble for which Gibbs free energy is estimated and compared. These results atomistically confirm that a critical radius of nucleation exists for heterogeneous nucleation. Based on these simulations, an analytical model is developed to predict the critical width required for bubble nucleation at the nanoscale. Experiments are also conducted on the onset of bubble nucleation in water on a silicon-dioxide surface.
Practice of teaching ward round based on clinical teaching unit in standardized training of pediatric residents

Objective To explore the application of clinical teaching unit (CTU) in the process of pediatric resident standardization training. Method From August 2015 to December 2015, trainers in the department of neonatology were randomly divided into the experimental group and the control group; two groups had the same basic training plan and the same training time. The experimental group needed to participate in CTU activities outside the rule training plan. Trainers of the experimental group were evaluated by the formative evaluation method, and the theoretical assessment and questionnaire survey were carried out at the end of training. SPSS 18.0 was used for t test. Results The ability of clinical thinking of the experimental group trainers in the practice of CTU was improved, and the scoring rate rose from 57.0% to 85.7%; the test scores of experimental group had different increase, in which case analysis reflected the ability of clinical thinking was significantly higher than the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion CTU can improve the trainers' independent clinical thinking and other abilities, and gradually help them complete the transition from medical students to physicians. Key words: Pediatrician; Resident standardization training; Clinical teaching unit
Characterization of Indoor Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning Duct System as a Communication Channel at 60 GHz

In this paper, we demonstrate heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) ducts as viable and inexpensive high-speed communications links inside of buildings at millimeter wave (mm-wave) frequencies. We show the impulse response characteristics and calculate the power delay profile for the HVAC duct. In order to show the viability of HVAC duct system with transmitter effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP) as 7 dBm, we calculate the received signal strength indicator (RSSI) which varies between −30 dBm to −50 dBm for the ducts of various shapes and lengths (up to 8 m) at 60 GHz. We also calculate the dispersion encountered and the root-mean-square (RMS) delay spread. The RMS delay spread is shown to be 9 ns for a 5 m duct length. It is also shown that reliable indoor communication with data rates in excess of 800 Mbps over a distance up to 10 m is possible using HVAC ducts with transmitter EIRP of 7 dBm at 60 GHz.
Opioid use disorder and Chronic Hepatitis B

Abstract Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection affects over 240 million individuals worldwide. Detection of the disease is dependent on active surveillance and testing by healthcare providers. The Center for Disease Control (CDC) recommends HBV screening in all individuals with opioid use disorders. Prompt identification of chronic infection and vaccination of susceptible persons at initial point of contact with the healthcare system is a priority. HBV diagnosis and prevention strategies should be coupled with effective harm reduction programs. Safe and well-tolerated oral antiviral therapy is available and is highly efficacious at suppressing viral replication and ameliorating long-term complications; however, there is at present no cure. Successful navigation of chronically infected individuals through the HBV care cascade is critical to reduce HBV-related morbidity and mortality.
Principals navigating discipline decisions for social justice: An informed grounded theory study.

Abstract Purpose School leaders are charged with making equitable decisions almost daily, but little about this process is known. Due to research suggesting principal implicit bias, or the stereotypes and attitudes held by individuals unconsciously that may or may not reflect actual preferences, may contribute to discipline gaps, the present study aimed to better understand how principals make discipline decisions and how implicit bias might interfere in these decisions. Research methods This qualitative study used in-depth interviews and document analysis with six mid-Atlantic principals to explore their discipline decision-making processes. Constant comparative analysis inclusive of explicit coding and analytical procedures supported the development of an informed grounded theory. Findings The data revealed a four-part recursive process of discipline decision-making inclusive of four themes relevant to equity. Principals used communication and data to gather information in a first step driven by relationships, reflected on considerations and policy to develop options in a second step driven by flexibility, selected an outcome in a third step driven by morality, and evaluated their efficacy in the recursive loop driven by experience. Implications for research and practice The findings allow for targeted research of the discipline decision-making process and potential consideration of practical interventions and curricular design for principal preparation programs that would allow for greater equity in discipline following office referrals.
Distributed sensor and actuator networks for closed-loop bioelectronic medicine

Designing implantable bioelectronic systems that continuously monitor physiological functions and simultaneously provide personalized therapeutic solutions for patients remains a persistent challenge across many applications ranging from neural systems to bioelectronic organs. Closed-loop systems typically consist of three functional blocks, namely, sensors, signal processors and actuators. An effective system, that can provide the necessary therapeutics, tailored to individual physiological factors requires a distributed network of sensors and actuators. While significant progress has been made, closed-loop systems still face many challenges before they can truly be considered as long-term solutions for many diseases. In this review, we consider three important criteria where materials play a critical role to enable implantable closed-loop systems: Specificity, Biocompatibility and Connectivity. We look at the progress made in each of these fields with respect to a specific application and outline the challenges in creating bioelectronic technologies for the future.
Design of Adaptive Pinhole SPECT Collimators for Improved Spatial Resolution and Sensitivity

We are designing AdaptiSPECT-C, a novel, multiple-detector, adaptive-aperture single-photon emission, tomographic (SPECT) system dedicated to brain imaging. This system is designed to change sensitivity and spatial resolution in realtime to address the needs of dynamic imaging[1]. The aim of this work is to document the creation of a manufacturable aperture design including hardware, electronics and software that effectively adapt in real-time spatial resolution and sensitivity functions to the needs of a dynamically changing subject. We accomplish these goals through metal printing of apertures and with custom control boards based on the Arduino microcontroller. With this design we are able to precisely control each aperture motion with a step resolution of 0.20 millimeters, which is within our required tolerances.
Comments on the Psychological Treatment of Obsessive-Compulsive Patients

As a guiding principle, the remediation of emotional disorders requires basic agreements between therapist and patient prior to initiating treatment. Many of these requirements are inimical to the obsessional defensive structure, which tends to make the process of therapy difficult, tedious, and sometimes unrewarding. Although this is notably the case in the psychodynamic approaches, other modalities such as hypnosis, cognitive therapy, and behavioral therapy are also handicapped by the rigidities, avoidance of risk taking, lack of commitment, and related characterological problems of the obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) patient. The excessive zeal, which often looks like active cooperation, may, by its very intensity, complicate or undermine the therapeutic program. These issues need to be addressed, irrespective of the therapeutic modality. On the other hand, the intricacies and variety of defensive tactics that characterize the human brain are often “played out” in this disorder. Thus, the therapist will have a fascinating and rewarding encounter if he or she can be free, flexible, and open to the complexity of these maneuvers.
Gene Therapy Targeted at Angiogenesis and Lymphangiogenesis for Cancer Treatment

Angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis play an important role in several normal and pathological conditions such as wound healing, reproduction, inflammation, and cancer growth and metastasis. A tight regulation between angiogenic/lymphangiogenic growth factors and inhibitors determines the balance between a progrowth or inhibitory phenotype. Hence, inhibition of angiogenesis/lymphangiogenesis using gene therapy is a potentially important strategy to inhibit the growth of primary tumors and to inhibit their metastatic spread.
Improved visualization of the foramen ovale for percutaneous approaches to the gasserian ganglion. Technical note.

✓ Percutaneous procedures for treating trigeminal neuralgia involve the penetration of foramen ovale using cutaneous landmarks and radiological guidance. The placement of radiopaque markers over the commonly used “zygomatic points” in front of the ears provides landmarks on intraoperative radiological studies that facilitate localization of the foramen ovale. Speed and safety of percutaneous trigeminal procedures should be enhanced. There is no increase in radiation exposure over that in other commonly used approaches.
Interdependence of K+ and Glutamate Accumulation during Osmotic Adaptation of Escherichia coli*

Escherichia coli responds to an increase in medium osmolarity by accumulating K+ and glutamate. At low osmolarity a large fraction of cytoplasmic K+ serves to balance charge on macromolecular anions. That fraction of K+ is here referred to as "bound," as distinguished from "free" K+ that serves to balance charge of small anions. At higher osmolarity where cytoplasmic K+ increases markedly, the bound fraction decreases but the absolute amount of bound K+ expressed per unit of dry weight increases. The increase in bound K+ can be explained largely by the reduction of cytoplasmic putrescine at high osmolarity. At high osmolarity, glutamate is the major cytoplasmic anion, equal to at least 70% of free cytoplasmic K+. A sudden increase in the osmolarity of the medium stimulates glutamate synthesis with a lag of only about a minute; glutamate synthesis is almost totally dependent on K+ uptake. The high rate of flow of nitrogen through the glutamate pool under control conditions of growth at low osmolarity indicates that glutamate accumulation immediately after shift to high osmolarity must be due to inhibition of utilization of glutamate in the synthesis of other nitrogen-containing compounds rather than stimulation of glutamate synthesis. In agreement with this reasoning we find the kinetics of glutamate accumulation to be independent of the specific path of synthesis, whether by glutamate dehydrogenase or by glutamate synthase. Synthesis of glutamate appears to be required to attain normal values of the electrical membrane potential after shift to high osmolarity.
Concepts and Strategies of Surgery

Successful surgery requires study, advance planning, clear thinking, and technical skill. Brilliant execution of the wrong operation at the wrong time can only lead to disaster. To achieve consistently good results for each surgical condition the surgeon must develop a concept that combines analysis of the literature, study of the disordered physiology, and comprehension of the hypothesis underlying the contemplated operation.
Current treatment options in triple negative breast cancer

Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) refers to a subgroup of breast carcinomas that do not express the estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, or human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2. This heterogeneous group of tumors has significant overlap with both basal-like tumors (defined through gene expression array) and BRCA1 mutation-associated tumors. Due to a lack of well defined clinical targets, chemotherapy is the standard of care treatment for TNBC. When compared with other breast cancer subtypes, TNBC exhibits at least equivalent, or often superior sensitivity to chemotherapy. However, despite this increased chemosensitivity, TNBC has a worse clinical outcome than other breast cancer subtypes. This has led to the investigation of DNA damaging chemotherapy agents, including platinum drugs, angiogenesis inhibitors, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors, novel microtubule inhibitors, and other targeted therapies in an effort to improve the outcome for patients with these high-risk tumors. Treatment decisions for patients with TNBC should be based on the best currently available evidence, which consists mainly of retrospective and prospective subgroup analyses and phase II prospective data. This review summarizes data from select neoadjuvant, adjuvant, and metastatic chemotherapy clinical trials which included analyses of treatment effects and outcomes in TNBC and/or basal-like breast cancer.
The Effect of Multiple Measures of Age In Segmenting Hotel Markets

In the past decade, the hotel industry has found segmentation strategies to be critical to remaining competitive in increasingly fragmented markets. The chronological age of a segment is a commonly used variable in defining market segments. The consumer behavior literature suggests several approaches as alternatives to chronological age. These age measures assess how old a person feels and functions or how old they would like to be. This paper reports on a national study that determines the effectiveness of six age measures on their ability to aid in the segmentation of the markets of seven types of hotel/motel concepts.
Strategic marketing of high–technology computer services in the Pacific basin

The rising industrial sophistication of the Pacific basin holds great opportunities for service firms in high–technology industries like computers and data processing. However, the investment and marketing opportunities are not shared equally among all the member countries. From strategic viewpoints it may seem better to target each country in terms of its long term perspectives and ability to contribute to the integrated market development of the whole area. Cross–linking of activities, particularly, should enable a firm to exploit the full market potential without over–extending itself.
Concentrations of serum amyloid A and plasma fibrinogen in horses undergoing emergency abdominal surgery.

Objective To compare the perioperative response of serum amyloid A (SAA) to fibrinogen in horses requiring exploratory celiotomy for colic and to determine if SAA could be used to predict complications and outcome. Design Prospective observational clinical study. Setting University teaching hospital. Animals Eighteen horses undergoing exploratory celiotomy for colic. Inclusion criteria for the study included survival and anesthetic recovery from exploratory celiotomy, no history of surgery within the past year. Interventions Blood was obtained via jugular venipuncture before surgery (time 0) and at 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours after recovery from anesthesia. Measurements and Main Results Quantitative and semiquantitative fibrinogen, SAA, total nucleated cell counts, and total protein were evaluated at each time point. Multivariable linear regression was used to assess differences at each time point and after grouping horses according to duration of colic prior to surgery, strangulating surgical lesion or not, presence of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) on admission, and postsurgical complications. Significant (P < 0.05) increases in SAA concentrations occurred in all cases after surgery compared to fibrinogen concentration, which only demonstrated a mild, clinically insignificant increase postsurgery. SAA concentrations were also significantly increased (P < 0.05) in cases identified with SIRS prior to surgery and postoperatively at 48 (P = 0.05) and 72 hours (P = 0.02) in horses that developed complications. Conclusions Measurement of SAA is a more sensitive indicator of inflammation than fibrinogen in the perioperative period of horses requiring exploratory celiotomy for colic. Serial measurement of SAA at 48, 72, and 96 hours after surgery may be helpful to determine risk of complications and guide postoperative management. Measurement of SAA on admission also allows for quantification of SIRS when it is detected clinically.
Atmospheric continuum absorption models

Accurate models are needed to represent both the local lines and the continuum absorption in spectral ranges of interest. Additionally, accurate experimental data are needed, under different conditions of pressure and temperature, to test the validity of various models. Experimental data are obtained from a BOMEM fourier transform spectrometer (FTS) with a high pressure-high temperature cell and a 10-m white cell. Absorption coefficients are determined for gas mixtures (H2O, CO2, N2, O2) for pressure up to 60 atm and temperatures up to 600 K. At high pressure, the Lorentzian approach fails, and semi- empirical models are used to represent local line and far wing phenomena. The far wing nature of the line shape theory of Birnbaum is used to represent the water vapor continuum. Comparisons are made between our experimental data and synthetic spectra based on the HITRAN data base and Birnbaum's line shape for several atmospheric transmission window regions. Implications concerning atmospheric propagation are emphasized.
Diagnosis of left ventricular pseudoaneurysm using contrast and Doppler echocardiography

This report describes a patient in whom two-dimensional echocardiography combined with pulsed and continuous wave Doppler techniques clearly demonstrated the presence of a pseudoaneuryms. In addition, left ventricular contrast echocardiography was utilized to accurately visualize the communication between the left ventricle and the pseudoaneurysm
Pactamycin resistance mutations in functional sites of 16 S rRNA.

Mutants of an archaeon Halobacterium halobium, resistant to the universal inhibitor of translation, pactamycin, were isolated. Pactamycin resistance correlated with the presence of mutations in the 16 S rRNA gene of H. halobium single rRNA operon. Three types of mutations were found in pactamycin resistant cells, A694G, C795U and C796U (Escherichia coli 16 S rRNA numeration) located distantly in rRNA primary structure but probably neighboring each other in the three-dimensional structure. Pactamycin resistance mutations either overlapped (C795U) or were located in the immediate vicinity of nucleotides protected by the drug in E. coli and H. halobium 16 S rRNA indicating that corresponding rRNA sites might be directly involved in pactamycin binding. Ribosomal functions were not affected significantly either by mutation of C795 (one of the positions protected by the P-site-bound tRNA), or by mutations of A694 and C796 (which neighbor nucleotides protected by tRNA) suggesting that tRNA-dependent protections of C795 and G693 are explained by a conformational change in the ribosome induced by the P-site-bound tRNA. A novel mode of pactamycin action is proposed suggesting that pactamycin restricts structural transitions in 16 S rRNA preventing the ribosome from adopting a functional conformation induced by tRNA binding.
Atomic absorption spectrometry with a flame emission source

Abstract An atomic absorption spectrometer with flame atomization and a flame emission light source is described. The light source is prepared by aspirating a solution containing a high concentration of analyte into the emission flame. Two different source flames (air/acetylene and nitrous oxide/acetylene) have been evaluated, with the N2O flame providing better signal to noise ratios (S/N) in most cases. Source S/N values as high as 5900 (Cr) have been observed. Experimental parameters have been optimized for nine test elements to give limits of detection obtained with this system that are in some cases as good as those obtained with the traditional hollow cathode lamp source; for example, Cu (4 ng ml ), Mn (3 ng ml ) and Ni (5 ng ml ). Linear dynamic ranges typically span 2–3 orders of magnitude. This system offers an inexpensive emission source with the ability to quickly change the setup to accommodate different analytes.
Interaction between prostaglandin E1 and forskolin in modulation of cyclic AMP levels in rat epididymal adipocytes

Abstract The interaction between the diterpene, forskolin and prostaglandin E 1 l on cAMP levels in isolated adipocytes of the rat was examined. Various doses of Prostaglandin E 1 in the presence of 1-methyl-3-isobutyl xanthine (2 mM) blocked the increase in the intracellular level of CAMP elicited by forskolin (0.1 PM or 5 PM). Interestingly, in the absence of 1-methyl-3-isobutylxanthine (or an adenosine blocker), or in the presence of 1-methyl-3-isobutylxanthine (2 mM) and forskolin (30 PM), prostaglandin E 1 (1 nM-100 μM) exhibited biphasic dose-response kinetics. The stimulatory effect of PGE 1 (> 1 μM) in presence of forskolin (30 μM may be a consequence of prostaglandin receptor modification following endogeneous release of adenosine and prostaglandins by adipocytes stimulated to high levels of cAMP accumulation due to 30 PM forskolin.
Autonomic Changes in Chronically Ill Patients

SUMMARY 1.Autonomic testing to determine Central Sympathetic Reactivity (Funkenstein test) was done on five groups of 12 subjects each: tuberculous patients, other chronic disease patients, out-patient psychoneurotic reactions, in-patient psychotic reactions, and healthy controls. Psychiatric examinations were done independently. 2.All healthy controls showed "normal" autonomic test responses. More than half, both tuberculous and other chronic disease patients had "abnormal" responses. Type of abnormality was essentially the same whether the patient had tuberculosis or some other chronic physical disorder. 3.There was no correlation of test response and (a) nutrition, (b) sedimentation rate, or (c) original disease. The tuberculous patients had been discharged from the sanatorium 26 times. There was a definite trend toward "normal" Central Sympathetic Reactivity in those who had had discharges with medical advice. 4.Brief case histories and psychiatric evaluation are presented to illustrate the three basic types of response: "normal" Central Sympathetic Reactivity, decreased C.S.R. and increased C.S.R. Our results suggest that many chronic disease patients, including those with tuberculosis, would be benefited by psychotherapy perhaps with reserpine or chlorpromazine as adjuncts. 5.The possibility of using autonomic testing to help differentiate the "self-discharge risk" is suggested.
Molecular dynamics simulations of siloxane-based side chain liquid crystalline polymers

Abstract Molecular dynamics simulations have been performed to study the intramolecular interactions of biphenyl ([B]) and cholesterol ([C]) substituents on linear oligomeric siloxanes. These interactions are of interest due to the liquid crystalline behaviour of these materials. Molecules with alternating diblock and triblock substituent arrangements were examined, as were unmixed substituents. The orientational behaviour of the mesogens and the stability of [B]-[B], [C]-[C], and [B]-[C] interactions were characterized by an order parameter for the mesogens as a function of simulation time. Results indicate that the [C]-[C] interaction is the strongest, with the [B]-[B] and [B]-[C] interactions being weaker. However, the arrangement of [B] and [C] mesogens in the different molecules strongly influenced the level of mesogen ordering. The flexibilities of the siloxane backbone and the spacer groups used to attach the mesogens give the mesogens a wide range of motion, allowing them to find energetically favourable arrangements and moderate to high order parameters.