cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Experiences recruiting Indian worksites for an integrated health protection and health promotion randomized control trial in Maharashtra, India

This article provides an overview of the recruitment strategies utilized in the Mumbai Worksites Tobacco Control Study, a cluster randomized trial testing the effectiveness of an integrated tobacco control and occupational safety and health program in Indian manufacturing worksites. From June 2012 to June 2013, 20 companies were recruited. Companies were identified using association lists, referrals, internet searches and visits to industrial areas. Four hundred eighty companies were contacted to validate information, introduce the study and seek an in-person meeting with a company representative. Eighty-three company representatives agreed to meet. Of those 83 companies, 55 agreed to a formal 'pitch meeting' with key decision makers at the company. Seventy-seven recruitment 'pitches' were given, including multiple meetings in the same companies. If the company was interested, we obtained a letter of participation and employee roster. Based on this experience, recommendations are made that can help inform future researchers and practitioners wishing to recruit Indian worksites. When compared with recruitment of US manufacturing worksites, recruitment of Indian worksites lacked current industrial lists of companies to serve as a sampling frame, and required more in-person visits, incentives for control companies and more assurances around confidentiality to allow occupational safety and health experts into their worksite.
Interactions of precipitated hematite with preformed colloidal titania dispersions

Abstract Mixed colloidal dispersions were obtained by precipitation of iron oxide (hematite) in the presence of preformed spherical titania particles (0.44 μm in modal diameter) of narrow size distribution. It was shown that, depending on conditions, freshly precipitated hematite can (a) exist as independent stable particles, (b) heterocoagulate with titania, (c) surface nucleate and grow on titania particles, or (d) form a film on the latter. The interfacial reactions can be affected by additives (e.g., heteropoly acids) which adsorb on preformed solids. Where possible the results were interpreted in terms of the theory of unlike particles.
Elevated Alkaline Phosphatase in Infants With Parenteral Nutrition–Associated Liver Disease Reflects Bone Rather Than Liver Disease

Background: Elevated serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in infants with intestinal failure (IF) can be due to parenteral nutrition–associated liver disease (PNALD) or metabolic bone disease (MBD). The purpose of the study was to determine the utility of serum ALP in the diagnostic criteria for PNALD by measuring tissue-specific levels in infants with IF and PNALD. Methods: A retrospective review of patient data for 15 infants diagnosed with PNALD between December 2012 and August 2013 was performed. PNALD was defined as the presence of 2 consecutive direct bilirubin (DB) levels >2 mg/dL. Fractionated serum alkaline phosphatase was measured in each patient, while the DB was >2 mg/dL. Parathyroid hormone (PTH), vitamin D3, calcium, and phosphate levels were recorded where available. Results: In 15 infants with PNALD, elevation in total ALP was due to marked elevations in bone-specific ALP. The median liver-specific ALP remained within the normal range. PTH, vitamin D3, calcium, and phosphate levels were within...
The role of argon in plasma-assisted deposition of indium nitride

Abstract Radiofrequency (RF) nitrogen plasma sources are commonly employed in the growth of group III-nitrides by molecular beam epitaxy and reactive evaporation. These sources produce atomic nitrogen and excited molecules (N 2 *). In this work the relative flux of these two species produced by an RF source was studied by emission spectroscopy as a function of power, pressure, and argon dilution. Polycrystalline indium nitride thin films were synthesized under the same conditions. It was found that argon dilution had a strong influence on the production of active nitrogen, with maximum fluxes obtained around ∼40% N 2 . Film properties, as measured by X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy and Hall effect, were also optimized at this condition. It was observed that the Hall mobility scaled with the sum of N and N 2 * emission, suggesting that both species may be beneficial for InN growth.
Regulation of igf-I signaling in retinal endothelial cells by hyperglycemia.

PURPOSE To investigate the role of hyperglycemia in regulating the proliferative response of retinal endothelial cells (RECs) to insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I. METHODS The regulation of IGF-I signaling by glucose concentration was assessed by biochemical analysis of primary RECs grown in media containing normal (5 mM) and high (25 mM) glucose. Cell counting was used to asses the proliferative response to IGF-I. RESULTS Glucose (25 mM) enhanced the proliferative response of RECs to IGF-I. Phosphorylation of the adaptor protein Shc (Src homology 2 domain containing) transforming protein 1) was increased in RECs grown in high glucose. For Shc to be phosphorylated, it must be recruited to the cytoplasmic domain of the transmembrane protein SHPS-1 (SHP substrate-1). Shc recruitment to SHPS-1 was increased when RECs were grown in high glucose. The difference in Shc recruitment to SHPS-1 was attributable to a difference in SHPS-1 phosphorylation that is required for Shc recruitment. This, in turn, was attributable to an increase in SHPS-1 association with integrin-associated protein (IAP), which is necessary for SHPS-1 phosphorylation. The difference in response under the two different glucose conditions appeared to be attributable to changes in the activation of the integrin alphaVbeta3, since blocking alphaVbeta3 in high glucose inhibited the response to IGF-I, whereas addition of the active region of vitronectin to RECs grown in normal glucose enhanced their response. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that hyperglycemic conditions enhance the response of RECs to IGF-I by increasing the association of IAP with SHPS-1 permitting the formation of the SHPS-1-Shc signaling complex, which is required for the proliferative response to IGF-I.
Fine coal screening performance enhancement using the Pansep screen

Abstract Size separation inefficiency in the fine particle size range of 150 μm and finer has been a perennial problem in coal preparation plants. A close examination of many plant data indicate that both quantity and quality of the clean coal product from the fine circuit of a plant may be significantly increased by improving the efficiency obtained for the size separations at 150- and 45-μm particle size. Thus, this investigation has concentrated in optimizing the fine size separation performance of a newly developed screening technology, known as the Pansep Screen. Statistically designed factorial experiments have been conducted to obtain the optimum size separation performance from the Pansep screen at d 50c sizes of 150 and 45 μm. The results of this study indicate that near-perfect size separation efficiency of nearly 98% is achievable from the Pansep screen in comparison to below 60% obtained from the classification technologies conventionally used in the preparation plants. High oversize product throughput capacity of 7 and 5 tph/m 2 were achieved for efficient 150- and 45-μm size separations, respectively.
Affect and neutrality in physician behavior: a study of patients' values and satisfaction

Physicians' emotional expressivity was contrasted with emotional neutrality in a study of consumers' preferences regarding physician behavior in the medical encounter. Two hundred twenty-seven health-science students completed instruments designed to measure the values they held regarding physicians' emotional expressions as well as their perceptions of and satisfaction with the emotional behavior of a physician presented in a videotape simulation. Overall, consumers attached a low value to neutrality and preferred affective behavior to it, although their previously held values did significantly influence their degree of satisfaction with neutral behavior by the physician. Values did not influence recognition of or satisfaction with the nonneutral emotions. This research also shed light on consumer reactions to other emotions including reassurance and humor.
Relationship between NMR shielding and heme binding strength for a series of 7-substituted quinolines.

Chemical shielding tensors are calculated for the carbons in a series of 4-aminoquinolines with different substituents at the 7-position. The σ11 component is used as a measure of the relative π-electron density at each carbon. By comparing the π-electron density at each carbon with the log K of binding to heme (Kaschula et al. J. Med. Chem. 2002, 45, 3531), the drug-heme association is found to increase with increasing π-electron density at the carbons meta to the substituent and with decreasing π-electron density at the carbons ortho and para to the substituent. The greatest change in π-electron density is at the ortho carbons, and log K increases with a decrease in π-electron density on the ring containing the substituent, which corresponds to an increase in the π-dipole between the two rings. An examination of the solution structures of the π−π complexes formed by amodiaquine and quinine with heme (Leed et al. Biochemistry 2002, 41, 10245. de Dios et al. Inorg. Chem. 2004, 43, 8078) shows that the π-d...
Metonymy in grammar: Korean multiple object constructions

This article focuses on the conceptual structures of Korean Multiple Object Constructions (MOCs), which exhibit various types of meanings. I argue that these various meanings are systematically explained when we adopt the notion of reference point. I claim that the accusative-marked nominals in the constructions are metonymically connected; outer accusative-marked nominals function as reference points. More specifically, NP1, in the schematic configuration [NP-Nom [NP1-Acc [NP2-Acc [PRED]]]], functions as a reference point in relation to the complex verb [NP2-PRED], where NP1 provides access to the target. In other words, the function of Korean MOCs is to provide mental access to a target, similar to English possessive constructions. For example, since one natural mental path of access is by following a taxonomic hierarchy from general to specific, the metonymic meaning of the Type-Token construction arises. The same mechanism is then recursively applied to explain the case of multiply-occurring accusative-marked nominals. In order to provide technical analyses of my claim, Langacker’s Cognitive Grammar is adopted as a theoretical framework as it accurately captures the properties of the constructions without additional unnecessary mechanisms.
Plasma TGF‐β1 in pediatric cystic fibrosis: Potential biomarker of lung disease and response to therapy

Introduction Transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1) is an important genetic modifier of lung disease severity in cystic fibrosis (CF), yet the mechanism behind this disease association remains unknown. Initial steps in the investigation of the relationship between TGF-β1 and CF lung disease include determining the most appropriate available biospecimen for TGF-β1 protein measurement.
Resilience, music therapy, and human adaptation: nurturing young children and families

The purpose of this theoretical paper is to examine current literature in developmental psychology in order to discuss how music therapy can foster resilience in early childhood. Resilience is the ability to cope with stress and adversity. I review behavioral, psychosocial, and neurobiological processes of resilience from a systems thinking perspective, emphasizing the importance of socio-cultural experiences. In addition, I explore how music therapy can function as an asset-building, mediating, or risk-activated intervention, thus establishing a theoretical basis justifying music's therapeutic role in human adaptation processes. Moreover, I argue that music therapists must understand the processes involved in resilience and positive human adaptation in order to design proactive clinical approaches to (a) prepare young children and their families for handling adversity, (b) increase parental sensitivity, and (c) create multiple opportunities for families to develop adaptive interpersonal interaction patterns.
Glycoconjugates as Noninvasive Probes of Intrahepatic Metabolism: III. Application to Galactose Assimilation by the Intact Rat

A tracer methodology has been developed for noninvasive assessment of intrahepatic metabolism of administered labeled sugars. In this procedure, we measure the output of the label from the liver in two glycoconjugates derived from hepatic UDP-glucose, namely, glucuronic acid formed through UDP-glucuronic acid and excreted in the urine following acetaminophen administration, and galactose formed through UDP-galactose and then secreted in the carbohydrate portion of glycoproteins in the plasma. Comparison of the distribution of label from various sugar precursors in these end-products can indicate exchanges between hepatic UDP-glucose, UDP-galactose, and UDP-glucuronic acid. In this study we apply the technique to explore whether the enzyme UDP-galactose-4-epimerase catalyzing the step UDP-galactose to UDP-glucose is nonequilibrium and therefore potentially has a regulatory role for utilization of free galactose. The specific activity in the two glycoconjugates was compared when either (1-3H)galactose or (U-14C)glucose was the infused precursor sugar. In rats under a variety of conditions (fasting, oral refeeding, intravenous administration of galactose), label from (1-3H)galactose accumulated in glycoprotein-bound galactose much more than in acetaminophen-bound glucuronic acid, in comparison to label from (U-14C)glucose, demonstrating limitation of the rate of transfer from UDP-galactose to UDP-glucose at the epimerase step. Accordingly, epimerase is suggested to have a regulatorymore » role in the galactose assimilation pathway.« less
Evidence for increasing the focus on strategic risk in HRM audits

Purpose – To communicate the development and results of strategic human resource management (HRM) research to the audit research community in order to stimulate audit research specific to HRM audits.Design/methodology/approach – Prior research that served as impetus for this paper is discussed. The findings of other studies are presented to make a case for the business impact of strategic human resource management practices.Findings – Studies on the competitive environment of firms, theoretical development in HRM, empirical work on the link between HRM practice and firm performance, and emerging models based on intellectual capital, suggest that there are compelling reasons for internal audit to devote substantial resources to the evaluation of strategic risk in HRM audits.Research limitations/implications – The literature is still developing. The literature presented here is not an exhaustive list and does not include all findings, but rather what we perceive to be the most important findings.Practical i...
FBI files, the national archives, and the issue of access☆

Abstract The article surveys archival retention and access policy, arguing that the FBI's historic violation of privacy rights necessitates historical research into FBI files even though this involves research into individual case files. The author further challenges the National Archives' earlier failures to meet its record retention responsibilities and the adverse consequences for historical research.
Adsorption from solution via continuous flow frontal analysis solid-liquid chromatography

Abstract A study was made of the adsorption of octadecane, stearic acid and benzoic acid from cyclohexane solution onto “Thornel-50” fiber surfaces. Adsorption was determined using the technique of continuous flow frontal analysis solid-liquid chromatography. The paper focuses on this method for studying adsorption from solution, and gives special attention to its accuracy and precision in comparison to conventional methods for studying adsorption. It is concluded that chromatography is an accurate and convenient tool for surface characterization via solution adsorption measurements, and especially suited to studies where the specific surface of the adsorbent is relatively low.
Color preferences according to gender and sexual orientation

The present study was undertaken to verify findings surrounding sex differences in color preferences, and to extend this realm of inquiry by looking for possible differences in color preferences associated with sexual orientation. Based on a large sample of North American college students, significant gender differences were found, with the main difference being a greater preference for shades of blue by males than by females. Females, on the other hand, tended to be more evenly divided than males between preferring both green and blue. Regarding sexual orientation, we found no significant differences between heterosexuals and homosexual/bisexuals of either gender. In other words, male and female homosexuals/bisexuals exhibited essentially the same configuration of color preferences as did their heterosexual counterparts.
A sexual selection model for hominid evolution

The following paper develops a sexual selection model for the evolution of bipedal locomotion, canine reduction, brain enlargement, language and higher intelligence. The model involves an expansion of Darwin’s ideas about human evolution based on recent elaborations of sexual selection theory. Modern notions about intrasexual competition and female and male choice and their ecological correlates are summarized along with a new model for the role of sexual selection in speciation. Rapid evolution of bipedal locomotion as a male adaptation for nuptial feeding of females is proposed as a model for ape-hominid divergence through sexual selection; canine reduction is attributed to selection for associated epigamic displays. The analogy with male specialization through sexual selection speciation in hamadryas baboons is noted. Subsequent changes in female reproductive physiology are attributed to female competition for increased male parental investment during the time of early Homo andHomo erectus. The origin of higher intellectual and language abilities inHomo sapiens is attributed to male competition through technology and rule production to control resources and females; intellectual abilities involved in social manipulation are attributed to female competition for male parental investment and maintenance of polyandry. The course of hominid evolution is characterized as involving a trend from a promiscuous mating system toward increasing intensity of adaptations for male control of females, and by increasing intensity of female adaptation to maintain male parental investment while circumventing male control.
Phylogeny and biogeography of Anthopleura in the North Atlantic Ocean

Two species of Anthopleura, A. ballii and A. thallia, co-occur in Northern Europe with Bunodosoma biscayensis, a species closely allied to Anthopleura. The historical factors underlying their distribution are here investigated as part of a preliminary phylogenetic analysis of morphological data. Based on this analysis, Bunodosoma is nested within Anthopleura, and B. biscayensis is more closely related to members of Anthopleura than to other members of Bunodosoma. Because B. biscayensis also has adhesive verrucae, rather than non-adhesive, rounded vesicles, it is transferred to Anthopleura.The tree consists of two major clades, each of which includes species from the Atlantic and the Pacific. The tree shows geographic structure: one clade includes species found only in the Northern Hemisphere, and the other includes widespread species and species found only in the Southern Hemisphere. Although all of the European species of Anthopleura are part of the Northern Hemisphere clade, none are one another’s closest relative.
Red abalone collecting and marine water temperature during the Middle Holocene occupation of Santa Cruz Island, California

Abstract Oxygen isotope values derived from prehistoric mussel ( Mytilus californianus ) shell calcite are used to determine whether sea-surface temperatures in the vicinity of the Punta Arena site (CA-SCRI-109) on Santa Cruz Island, California, were cooler than present between 6300 and 5300 cal BP. This site and others in the western sector of the island dating to this period are distinctive because of the presence of large red abalone ( Haliotis rufescens ) shells, a species that historically has been subtidal around Santa Cruz and the other northern Channel Islands. Comparison of temperature values derived from archaeological shells with those from modern mussel shells, along with water temperatures derived from satellites, indicates that waters were cooler during the 6300 to 5300 cal BP period. These results are consistent with a previous study and support the interpretation that collection of red abalone during the 6300–5300 cal BP period was partly the result of cooler water temperatures that made this large mollusk more available to foragers in the intertidal or shallow subtidal zone.
Cost-benefit analysis of a new HEDIS performance measure for pneumococcal vaccination.

ObjectivesMeasurement of the quality of care provided by managed care organizations (MCOs) has achieved national prominence, though there is controversy regarding its value. This article assesses the economic implications of a new Health Plan Employer Data and Information Set (HEDIS®) measure for pneumococcal vaccination.MethodsA Markov decision model, with Monte Carlo simulations, was utilized to conduct a cost-benefit analysis of annual HEDIS-associated interventions, which were repeated for 5 consecutive years, in an average Medicare MCO, using a societal perspective and a 3% annual discount rate.ResultsCompared with the status quo, the HEDIS intervention will be cost saving 99.8% of the time, with an average net savings of $3.80 per enrollee (95% probability interval: $0.73–$6.87).ConclusionsThe new HEDIS measure will save societal dollars. This type of analysis is essential if performance measurement is to become a legitimate part of our health care landscape.
Relationships Between Perceptual and Conceptual Cognitive Processes

Many theorists, psychologists and specialists in education currently assume that mastery of perceptual-motor processes is necessary prior to acquisition of higher cognitive processes and, hence, to scholastic achievement. An experimental design allowing variation in perceptual-motor functioning and scholastic ability tested this assumption. Contrary to the tested assumption some subjects perform well in school despite perceptual-motor deficiencies. In addition, it is scholastic achievement rather than perceptual-motor achievement (assumed to be crucial to learning) which discriminated between our groups in terms of their reliance on perceptual-motor or conceptual means on specially designed learning tasks.
Changes in Ripening Behaviors of 1-MCP-Treated ‘d’Anjou' Pears After Storage

Abstract 1-Methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), an ethylene action inhibitor, was applied to ‘d’Anjou' pears (Pyrus communis L.) at 20°C between 2 and 5 days after harvest. Scald of ‘d’Anjou' pears was completely controlled by 1-MCP at a concentration between 0.05 and 0.3 µl l1 after a prolonged cold storage plus 7 days of exposure to an environment with or without 500 µl l1 ethylene at a temperature of 20°C or 25°C. 1-MCP inhibited the biosyntheses of α-farnesene and its oxidative products (conjugated trienes) and thus controlled scald. However, fruit treated with the above concentrations of 1-MCP did not ripen normally in an environment with or without ethylene. Ethylene production and fruit softening of 1-MCP-treated ‘d’Anjou' pears were inhibited during 7 and 15 days at 20°C. ‘d’Anjou' fruit treated with 0.01 and 0.02 µl l1 1-MCP ripened normally on day 7 at 20°C after 3 months of cold storage at − 1°C, and ripened fruit did not develop any incidence of scald. Untreated fruit developed substantial scald. After...
Surface wind measurements in three Gulf Coast hurricanes of 2005

Abstract Detailed observations from surface layer experiments in the path of Atlantic hurricanes are presented in this paper. The purpose is to obtain information that will aid in the reduction of hurricane wind damage to residential structures by providing input for wind tunnel and full-scale flow simulation experiments that assess wind loads on these structures under hurricane conditions. The contents of the paper document the mean flow and turbulence characteristics from data recorded by nine mobile instrumented towers deployed at coastal locations near the anticipated path of each of the three hurricanes (Katrina, Rita, and Wilma) that made landfall on the US coast along the Gulf of Mexico in 2005. Wind data were collected at two elevations (5 and 10 m) from these towers by the Florida Coastal Monitoring Program, a joint research program led by the University of Florida and the Institute for Business and Home Safety.
An improved model for antennas in reverberation chambers

We present an improved model for antennas in a reverberation chamber. The derivation of this model is more rigorous than previous derivations and models, but is still, admittedly, overly simplistic. However, this model should be applicable for a special class of antennas (those that can be modeled as an unknown 2-port network between the test port and an ideal antenna). For more realistic antennas, these models should still provide valuable insight into the possible behavior of any antenna. Using these models, we show that some previous assumptions regarding receiving characteristics (mismatch and efficiency) of an antenna are invalid: most significantly we show that there can be differences between the transmitting and receiving efficiency of an antenna, and also between the transmitting and receiving mismatch factors. However, we show that the errors are unimportant for most measurements. We also give justification for the assumption that the average reflection coefficient of an antenna in a reverberation chamber is simply the free-space reflection coefficient of the antenna.
Effect of the anti‐estrogen, nafoxidine, on nzb/w autoimmune disease

Treatment of female NZB/W F1 mice with Nafoxidine, an anti-estrogen, led to delayed manifestation of autoimmune features. Such treated mice had reduced anti-DNA antibodies, reduced proteinuria, and improved survival. These results support the hypothesis that sex hormones play an important role in the expression of autoimmunity and suggest that estrogens may accelerate autoimmunity in NZB/W F1 mice.
Function of cyclins in regulating the mitotic and meiotic cell cycles in male germ cells.

The unique cell cycles that characterize various aspects of the differentiation of germ cells provide a unique opportunity to understand heretofore elusive aspects of the in vivo function of cell cycle regulators. Key components of the cell cycle machinery are the regulatory sub-units, the cyclins, and their catalytic partners, the cyclin-dependent kinases. Some of the cyclins exhibit unique patterns of expression of germ cells that suggest possible concomitant distinct functions, predictions that are being explored by targeted mutagenesis in mouse models. A novel, meiosis-specific function has been shown for one of the A-type cyclins, cyclin A1. Embryonic lethality has obviated understanding of the germline functions of cyclin A2 and cyclin B1, while yet other cyclins, although expressed at specific stages of germ cell development, may have less essential function in the male germline.
Evidence for a functionally active inhibitory guanine nucleotide-binding regulatory protein in the swine ovary.

Abstract Incubation of particulate fractions of swine granulosa cells or luteal minces with purified pertussis toxin (islet-activitating protein) and [ 32 P]-NAD catalyzed the ( 32 P)-ADP ribosylation of a 41,000 dalton membrane protein. ADP-ribosylation was markedly reduced by prior incubation of intact cells with toxin. The functional relevance of this presumptive inhibitory guanine nucleotide-binding protein in pig granulosa cells was indicated by the ability of prior treatment with pertussis toxin to increase cyclic AMP generation and progesterone production significantly in response to follicle stimulating hormone. Prior cellular intoxication also enhanced cyclic AMP production stimulated by luteinizing hormone and choleratoxin, but not basally or after forskolin. these results demonstrate the presence of an inhibitory guanine nucleotide-binding protein in both the follicular (granulosa cell) and luteal compartments of the mammalian ovary, and indicate its functional relevance in cyclic AMP generation and progesterone secretion.
Keynote address: New approaches to large data visualization

Advanced computing and imaging technologies enable scientists to study natural and physical phenomena at unprecedented precision, resulting in an explosive growth of data. Furthermore, the size of the collected information about the Internet and mobile device users is expected to be even greater, a daunting challenge we must address in order to make sense and maximize utilization of all the available information for decision making and knowledge discovery. I will introduce a few new approaches to large data visualization for revealing hidden structures and gleaning insights from large, complex data found in many areas of study.
Temporomandibular Joint Sounds Related to Orthodontic Therapy

A cross-sectional survey for temporomandibular joint (TMJ) sounds was conducted on 347 orthodontic patients before, during, and after treatment. Those patients who reported joint sounds, or in whom sounds were noted on clinical examination, were subjected to an audiovisual evaluation which was recorded on videotape to identify more precisely the character of the sounds during jaw opening and closing. TMJ sounds were quite common before, during, and after orthodontic treatment. There was a significant association among three variables: joint sounds, age, and treatment. It is not clear, however, whether joint sounds increased due to orthodontic treatment, age, or both. No significant associations were found between TMJ sounds and functional occlusal factors. Significantly more sounds were noted by the examiners than were reported by the patients. Medium or high amplitude sounds were evident in 32.6% of the 135 subjects who underwent the audiovisual examination.
The use of computers in cardiovascular epidemiology.

Summary o 1. The usefulness of computers in epidemiologic research in the longitudinal study of cardiovascular disease based on the experience of the Framingham Study is discussed. 2. The large size of the populations involved in this type of research, and the numerous and repeated observations required, make machine processing of data desirable and often mandatory. 3. The collection and recording of the observations for computer processing are discussed in detail. The importance of this part of the methodology is stressed since this aspect is the major one with which the epidemiologist is concerned. 4. The application of computers to analysis of data is discussed. Several examples of their value in the Framingham Study have been presented. 5. Future application of computers to cardiovascular epidemiology is considered.
The Male of Ismaila Monstrosa Bergh, 1867 (Copepoda, Splanchnotrophidae)

[Der Bau des Mannchens von Ismaila monstrosa Bergh, 1867, eines parasitischen Copepoden, wird auf der Grundlage von 32 erwachsenen Exemplaren von der Nordwestkuste Oregons erstmals beschrieben. Gegenuber den Weibchen zeichnen sich die Mannchen durch Zwergwuchs aus. Beide Geschlechter haben zwei Paar Antennen und stimmen im Bau der Mundwerkzeuge uberein., Der Bau des Mannchens von Ismaila monstrosa Bergh, 1867, eines parasitischen Copepoden, wird auf der Grundlage von 32 erwachsenen Exemplaren von der Nordwestkuste Oregons erstmals beschrieben. Gegenuber den Weibchen zeichnen sich die Mannchen durch Zwergwuchs aus. Beide Geschlechter haben zwei Paar Antennen und stimmen im Bau der Mundwerkzeuge uberein.]
Diagnostic Performance of Quantitative κ and λ Free Light Chain Assays in Clinical Practice

Background: The quantitative assay for free light chains (FLCs) is a recently introduced commercial test reported to be sensitive and specific for detecting FLC diseases such as primary systemic amyloidosis (AL), light chain deposition disease (LCDD), nonsecretory multiple myeloma (NSMM), and light chain multiple myeloma. We evaluated its diagnostic performance in clinical practice. Methods: All FLC clinical test results generated in 2003 were abstracted from the Laboratory Information System. Diagnoses were obtained from the Dysproteinemia database and the patient medical history. Results: In 2003, we received samples for FLC assays from 1020 Mayo Clinic patients. The majority of these patients (88%) had bone marrow-derived monoclonal plasma cell disorders (PCDs). The 121 patients who did not have monoclonal gammopathy all had FLC κ/λ ratios within the range of values obtained for a reference population in our laboratory. Among the patients with monoclonal gammopathies were patients with multiple myeloma (330), AL (269), monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (114), smoldering multiple myeloma (72), plasmacytoma (22), NSMM (20), macroglobulinemia (9), LCDD (7), and a variety of other PCDs. Among the 110 AL patients who had not been previously treated and who had a FLC assay performed within 120 days of diagnosis, the FLC κ/λ ratio was positive in 91% compared with 69% for serum immunofixation electrophoresis (IFE) and 83% for urine IFE. The combination of serum IFE and serum FLC assay detected an abnormal result in 99% (109 of 110) of patients with AL. Conclusion: The performance of the FLC assay in this analysis of clinical laboratory data is consistent with results from published retrospective validation studies.
Cognitive capacity as competitive advantage: a simulation test

Abstract Several authors have argued that differences in cognitive capabilities between firms may represent a potential source of competitive advantage. A computational model was used to demonstrate that firms with a higher cognitive capacity are capable of outperforming firms with a lower cognitive capacity. However, the effect is observed to decline as the absolute cognitive capacity of a firm increases. The effect was seen to depend heavily on the rule selection scheme utilized for the cognitive agents that may have wider implications for simulation models in other fields.
What Drives Climate Flip-Flops?

The threat of rapid climate change concerns politicians and climate scientists alike. To assess whether abrupt transitions in the climate system are likely to occur in coming decades and centuries, an in-depth understanding of the conditions that led to past abrupt climate changes is required. On page 310 of this issue, Liu et al. ( 1 ) use a state-of-the-art general circulation model to investigate a poster child for dramatic climate events in recent Earth history: the Bolling-Allerod transition (see the figure). The results suggest that this transition can be simulated simply as the North Atlantic climate response to a rapidly ceasing glacial meltwater flow.
Reproductive biology and pollination ecology of the rare Yellowstone Park endemic Abronia ammophila (Nyctaginaceae)

We examined the breeding system, reproductive output and pollination ecology of Abronia ammophila Greene, a rare and highly restricted endemic of Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, USA. Floral morphology permits the automatic deposition of self-pollen on the stigma of individual flowers, and male and female reproductive functions temporally overlap. In controlled hand-pollination treatments, we found no significant difference among pollination treatments (unmanipulated, self-pollinated or cross-pollination). The species maintains a long reproductive season with high reproductive output (natural seed set ranged from 59 to 84%). Our results, along with pollinator observations, suggest that A. ammophila exhibits a mixed-mating system: the species can produce seed without pollinators (via either autogamy or agamospermy), but is also visited by an array of pollinating insects that included moths, butterflies and bumblebees. However, noctuid moths were the most abundant pollinators. In contrast, other Abronia species are obligate outcrossers. The mixed-mating system of A. ammophila may have evolved as a consequence of ecological pressures such as scarcity of mates or pollinators.
Construction of balanced doubles schedules

Abstract A recursive construction for v -player balanced doubles schedules based on resolvable B [4, 1; v ] designs is presented. The schedules are resolvable when v ≡ 4 (mod 12). Combined with special constructions for v = 54 and 55 and previously known constructions, this gives schedules for all v .
Polarized spectral emittance from periodic micromachined surfaces—III. Undoped silicon: The normal direction in shallow lamellar gratings

Abstract Spectral polarized emittances from 400°C shallow lamellar gratings (depths up to 3 μm) normal to the surface with repeat distances of 10, 14, 18, and 22 μm are presented. Both P and S emittance maxima are observed. The position of the P maxima are in general agreement with predictions of the Rayleigh model for the disappearance of diffracted orders. Comparison of the measured normal, spectral S polarized emittance of an intrinsic lamellar silicon grating with 10 μm repeat distance, 3 μm deep and 6.5 μm. wide slots, showed quite good agreement to a coupled wave calculation for a comparable structure. The agreement suggests that there is significant spatial coherence in the thermal radiation emitted from these grating structures.
Fully automated data acquisition, processing, and display in equilibrium radioventriculography.

A fully automated data acquisition, processing, and display procedure was developed for equilibrium radioventriculography. After a standardized acquisition, the study is automatically analzyed to yield both right and left ventricular time-activity curves. The program first creates a series of edge-enhanced images (difference between squared images and scaled original images). A marker point within each ventricle is then identified as that pixel with maximum counts to the patient's right and left of the count center of gravity of a stroke volume image. Regions of interest are selected on each frame as the first contour of local maxima of the two-dimensional second derivative (pseudo-Laplacian) which encloses the appropriate marker point, using a method developed by Goris. After shifting the left ventricular end-systolic region of interest four pixels to the patient's left, a background region of interest is generated as the crescent-shaped area of the shifted region of interest not intersected by the end systolic region. The average counts/pixel in this background region in the end systolic frame of the origina study are subtracted from each pixel in all frames of the gated study. Right and left ventricular time-activity curves are then obtained by applying each region of interest to its corresponding background-subtracted frame, and the ejection fraction, end diastolic, end systolic, and stroke counts determined for both ventricles. In fourteen consecutive patients, in addition to the automatic ejection fractions, manually drawn regions of interest were used to obtain ejection fractions for both ventricles. The manual regions of interest were drawn twice, and the average obtained. For the right ventricle, the correlation between auto and average manual ejection fraction was 0.52; the correlation between the two manual ejection fractions was 0.88. For the left ventricle, the correlation between auto and average manual ejection fraction was 0.96; the correlation between the two manual ejection fractions was 0.91. Automated processing is essential for the accurate and reproducible assessment of left ventricular ejection fraction.
Does an accelerometer accurately measure steps taken under controlled conditions in adults with mild multiple sclerosis

Abstract Background Accurate measurement is required by researchers and clinicians who are interested in the physical activity behavior of individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS). Advances in technology have resulted in an increased number of motion sensors such as pedometers and accelerometers that are worn on the body and that measure bodily movement. Accelerometers are becoming less expensive and more user-friendly, but there is limited evidence regarding the accuracy of measurement in persons with MS. Objective The present study examined the accuracy of an ActiGraph accelerometer for measuring steps taken during controlled conditions in persons with MS compared with a sample of individuals without MS. Methods The participants were 24 adults with mild MS and 24 adults without MS who undertook three 6-minute periods of walking at 54, 80, and 107 m·min−1 on a motor-driven treadmill. We measured steps taken through observation and an ActiGraph model 7164 accelerometer worn around the waist above the right hip. Results The accelerometer accurately measured steps during moderate (80 m·min−1) and fast (107 m·min−1) walking in both persons with MS and control subjects. There was a small degree of underestimation of step counts (≈4% error) for the accelerometer during slower walking (54 m·min−1) in both persons with MS and control subjects. Conclusions Such findings support the accuracy of a waist worn ActiGraph accelerometer for the measurement of steps in persons with MS and control subjects.
The effect of sonic treatment on the flotability of oxidized coal

Abstract Microflotation tests using a Hallimond tube were performed to study the effects of sonic treatment on the flotability of oxidized coals. The experiments revealed a significant decrease in coal flotability as a result of oxidation in dry air at 150°C for 150 h. Sonication of the oxidized coals in aqueous slurry restored the flotability to a level near or exceeding that of fresh coal. Washing oxidized coal without sonication effected only minor improvements in flotabilities.
Inelastic deformation of bilayer microcantilevers with nanoscale coating

Abstract The application and commercialization of microelectromechanical system (MEMS) devices suffer from reliability problems due to the structural inelastic deformation during device operation. Nanocoatings have been demonstrated to be promising solutions for suppressing creep and stress relaxation in bilayer MEMS devices. However, the micro/nano-mechanics within and/or between microcantilevers and coatings are not fully understood, especially when temperature, time, and geometric and material nonlinearities play significant roles in the thermomechanical responses. In this study, the thermomechanical behavior of alumina-coated/uncoated Au/SiNx bilayer microcantilevers was characterized by using thermal cycling and isothermal holding tests. Finite element analysis with power-law creep was used to simulate the mechanical behavior of microcantilevers during isothermal holding. To better understand the stress evolution and the mechanism of inelastic deformation, scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy was employed to explore the grain growth and grain boundary grooving after isothermal holding at various temperatures of 100 °C, 150 °C and 200 °C. The methods and results presented in this paper are useful for the fundamental understanding of many similar bilayer microcantilever-based MEMS devices.
Crystal Structure of Thiaminase-I from Bacillus thiaminolyticus at 2.0 Å Resolution†,‡

Thiaminase-I catalyzes the replacement of the thiazole moiety of thiamin with a wide variety of nucleophiles, such as pyridine, aniline, catechols, quinoline, and cysteine. The crystal structure of the enzyme from Bacillus thiaminolyticus was determined at 2.5 A resolution by multiple isomorphous replacement and refined to an R factor of 0.195 (Rfree = 0.272). Two other structures, one native and one containing a covalently bound inhibitor, were determined at 2.0 A resolution by molecular replacement from a second crystal form and were refined to R factors of 0.205 and 0.217 (Rfree = 0.255 and 0.263), respectively. The overall structure contains two α/β-type domains separated by a large cleft. At the base of the cleft lies Cys113, previously identified as a key active site nucleophile. The structure with a covalently bound thiamin analogue, which functions as a mechanism-based inactivating agent, confirms the location of the active site. Glu241 appears to function as an active site base to increase the nu...
Complex and interconnected systems: optimistic parallel simulation of a large-scale view storage system

In this paper we present the design and implementation of a complex view storage system model that is suitable for execution on a optimistic parallel simulation engine. What is unique over other optimistic systems is that reverse computation as opposed to state-saving is used to support the rollback mechanism. In this model, a hierarchy of view storage servers are connected to an array of client-side local disks. The term view refers to the output or result of a query made on the part of an application that is executing on a client machine. These queries can to be arbitrarily complex and done using SQL. In our performance study of this model, we find that speedups range from 1.5 to over 5 on 4 processors. Super-linear speedups are attributed to a slow memory subsystem and the increased availability of level-1 and level-2 cache when moving to a larger number of processors.
An Empirical Typology of Dyadic Formation

The background of and justification for empirical typologies are outlined. Various family typologies are discussed. Data from a random sample of 291 couples are subjected to a cluster analysis on the dyadic interaction, dyadic preference, dyadic stability, and identification as a pair by others of the couple. Seven types of dyadic formation were found: Uncommitted; Structurally Isolated, Wife-Supported; Self-Selected Committed; Structurally Committed; Vital; Unformed; and Wife-Removed. The types are shown to differ on value consensus and couple happiness, as well as on some background factors. The contribution of the work to theories of dyadic formation and family typologies is discussed.
Conversion of wet ethanol to syngas via filtration combustion: An experimental and computational investigation

Abstract Ethanol is often promoted as the biofuel of the future, yet its acceptance as a fuel for combustion devices is limited by the cost of production. Since most combustion engines cannot tolerate high concentrations of water, the ethanol must be distilled and dehydrated, requiring large amounts of energy. Ethanol also has great potential as a feedstock for syngas consisting of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and other species. The conversion, called reforming, of ethanol to syngas does not necessarily require dehydration or distillation, thus eliminating or reducing the costs associated with those processes. In addition, there is potential for obtaining additional hydrogen from the water in the mixture. In this paper, we investigate the conversion of wet ethanol, or ethanol that has not been fully distilled or dehydrated, to syngas in an inert porous reactor. Experimental and computational results over a range of equivalence ratios, inlet velocities, and water fractions are presented. The results indicate that wet ethanol is a promising biological source for hydrogen.
Semi-conductor probe for investigating accelerator beam pulses

Abstract An instrument which makes possible the investigation of individual beam pulses from a cyclotron is described. It utilizes a fully depleted diffused-silicon junction detector of 100–200 microns thickness. The detector characteristics of fast charge collection time (∼1 ns) and of inherent amplification are important in this application. Examples of the detector system response to beams from the Berkeley sector-focused cyclotron are presented.