cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mössbauer investigation of deoxymyoglobin in a high magnetic field. Orientation of the electric field gradient and magnetic tensors

Abstract We have examined the Mossbauer spectra of deoxymyoglobin in a 6 T magnetic field in the temperature range 4.2–195 K. Spectra were fitted by the least-squares method using a phenomenological model in which the internal magnetic hyperfine field was assumed to be related to the applied field by a temperature dependent tensor ω. The results indicate that ω has axial symmetry and a principal axis system aligned with that of the electric field gradient (efg). The principal component of the latter is negative and lies on the symmetry axis of ω. Our fits indicate that the efg asymmetry parameter is η = 0.7, with no appreciable temperature dependence. Both axial and transverse components of ω have the expected 1/T temperature dependence for T > 20 K. Our experimentally determined value of η, combined with published single crystal zero-field measurements, constrains the efg-heme relative orientation to two possibilities. In neither of these is an efg principal axis near to the heme normal.
87Sr/86Sr ratios in some eugeosynclinal sedimentary rocks and their bearing on the origin of granitic magma in orogenic belts

Abstract Rb and Sr contents and 87 Sr/ 86 Sr values were determined for samples of eugeosynclinal sedimentary rocks, mostly graywackes, from Oregon and California. These data are compatible with the theory of anataxis of eugeosynclinal sedimentary rocks in orogenic belts to produce granitic magmas provided that the melting occurs within several hundreds of m.y. after sedimentation. The low ( 87 Sr/ 86 Sr) 0 values of the eugeosynclinal sedimentary rocks are related to the significant amounts of volcanogenic detritus present which probably were originally derived from the mantle.
Laminin α4-Null Mutant Mice Develop Chronic Kidney Disease with Persistent Overexpression of Platelet-Derived Growth Factor

Each extracellular matrix compartment in the kidney has a unique composition, with regional specificity in the expression of various laminin isoforms. Although null mutations in the majority of laminin chains lead to specific developmental abnormalities in the kidney, Lama4−/− mice have progressive glomerular and tubulointerstitial fibrosis. These mice have a significant increase in expression of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB, PDGF-DD, and PDGF receptor β in association with immature glomerular and peritubular capillaries. In addition, mesangial cell exposure to α4-containing laminins, but not other isoforms, results in down-regulation of PDGF receptor mRNA and protein, suggesting a direct effect of LN411/LN421 on vessel maturation. Given the known role of overexpression of PDGF-BB and PDGF-DD on glomerular and tubulointerstitial fibrosis, these data suggest that failure of laminin α4-mediated down-regulation of PDGF activity contributes to the progressive renal lesions in this animal model. Given the recent demonstration that individuals with laminin α4 mutations develop cardiomyopathy, these findings may be relevant to kidney disease in humans.
Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer in Air Jet Impingement in Food Processing

Air impingement technology is ganing popularity in food-processing operations such as baking, freezing drying, and toasting. In this article, physical characteristics of impinging jets. such as turbdent mixing in the free jet region, stagnation, boundary-layer formation, reclculation and their interactions with food products in terms of heat and mass transfer have been reviewed. The discossion inctudes experimental usebods used for measurement of heat and mass transfer for single and multiple slot and circular Jets. Procedures used for measurement of heat-transfer coefficient such as lumped senson method, micro-calorimetric approach, and use of flux sensors are presented. Typical qualitative and quantitative flow-field studies using planar sluation und laser Doppler anemonetry have been reviewed. Numerical modeling of air impingement systems is diseassed with special consideration of problems arising in food-processing systems. air impingement, heat transfer, flow field, numerical modeling.
Recent advances in spin-exchange pumped polarized 3He target technology

Abstract We have produced long lifetime 3 He spin-exchange cells from Corning 7056 glass. The lifetimes of single cells have approached the 3 He 3 He bulk-limited lifetime (250 h at a density of 8 × 10 19 cm −3 , (3 amagats)). Corning 7056 glass has the advantage of being a much easier glass for the glassblower to work, allowing for more complex cell designs. In our experiments at Michigan and at SLAC, we have implemented laser diode arrays for spin-exchange optical pumping. In particular, for experiment E154 at SLAC, we achieved high polarizations in high-density 3 He targets using laser diode arrays.
Conflicting identities: white racial formation among Mennonites, 1960–1985

In this essay, I argue that rather than correlating white identity and whiteness studies first with invisibility, power and privilege, white identity is more accurately correlated with overt conflict and crisis. Moreover, the study of white racial formation in one US-based but internationally focused religious organization between 1960 and 1985 also suggests that white identity is a conflict that results in power and privilege but that the power and privilege do not define the identity itself.
Experimental and theoretical characterization of surfaces using infrared reflectance spectroscopy

External reflectance infrared spectroscopy has been used to study the formation of thin oxide films on metals. Experimental data have been acquired with a Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrometer using a polarized beam at high angles of incidence, and have been compared with theoretical calculations.
Systematic QSO Emission-Line Velocity Shifts and New Unbiased Redshifts

A novel method for determining mean line velocities which is an order of magnitude more accurate than past work is presented. Using a large sample of 518 lines from 160 QSOs, it is found that each UV emission line has a well-determined mean velocity, with a surprisingly small QSO-to-QSO dispersion of under 200 km/s. All correlations between emission-line velocities and QSO properties are found to be explained by just three basic correlations. Both N V and Mg II tend to be at less negative velocities in radio-quiet vs radio-loud QSOs, and C IV lines with small equivalent widths are at more negative velocities, probably because of the line asymmetry. The finding of Sargent et al. (1989) that the UV spectral index increases with UV luminosity is confirmed, but their claim that radio-loud and radio-quiet QSOs have different indices is not confirmed.
Treatment of Substance Abusing Patients with Comorbid Psychiatric Disorders

Abstract Objective To update clinicians on the latest in evidence-based treatments for substance use disorders (SUD) and non-substance use disorders among adults and suggest how these treatments can be combined into an evidence-based process that enhances treatment effectiveness in comorbid patients. Method Articles were extracted from Pubmed using the search terms “dual diagnosis,” “comorbidity” and “co-occurring” and were reviewed for evidence of effectiveness for pharmacologic and psychotherapeutic treatments of comorbidity. Results Twenty-four research reviews and 43 research trials were reviewed. The preponderance of the evidence suggests that antidepressants prescribed to improve substance-related symptoms among patients with mood and anxiety disorders are either not highly effective or involve risk due to high side-effect profiles or toxicity. Second generation antipsychotics are more effective for treatment of schizophrenia and comorbid substance abuse and current evidence suggests clozapine, olanzapine and risperidone are among the best. Clozapine appears to be the most effective of the antipsychotics for reducing alcohol, cocaine and cannabis abuse among patients with schizophrenia. Motivational interviewing has robust support as a highly effective psychotherapy for establishing a therapeutic alliance. This finding is critical since retention in treatment is essential for maintaining effectiveness. Highly structured therapy programs that integrate intensive outpatient treatments, case management services and behavioral therapies such as Contingency Management (CM) are most effective for treatment of severe comorbid conditions. Conclusions Creative combinations of psychotherapies, behavioral and pharmacological interventions offer the most effective treatment for comorbidity. Intensity of treatment must be increased for severe comorbid conditions such as the schizophrenia/cannabis dependence comorbidity due to the limitations of pharmacological treatments.
Regional cerebral metabolic rate for glucose during hyperbaric oxygen-induced convulsions

Hyperbaric oxygen-induced convulsions in awake unrestrained rats are preceded by electrocorticographic changes including paroxysmal electrical discharges (PED). During oxygen induced convulsions, alterations in regional cerebral metabolic rate for glucose (rCMRgl) were autoradiographically measured and compared with rCMRgl results obtained during pre-convulsive periods in an earlier study. Statistically elevated rCMRgl during oxygen-induced convulsions were found in globus pallidus, substantia nigra, limbic structures, and cerebellar cortex. Significant reductions were found largely in auditory structures and cerebral cortex. This pattern of changes in rCMRgl resembles the pattern of changes during successive PED in the absence of overt convulsions. This similarity may indicate that a common sequence of biochemical changes leads to both oxygen-induced pre-convulsive as well as convulsive electrical discharges.
D-MELD risk capping improves post-transplant and overall mortality under markov microsimulation.

AIM: To hypothesize that the product of calculated Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score excluding exception points and donor age (D-MELD) risk capping ± Rule 14 could improve post liver transplant and overall survival after listing. METHODS: Probabilities derived from the United Network for Organ Sharing database between 2002 and 2004 were used to simulate potential outcomes for all patients listed for transplantation. The Markov simulation was then modified by screening matches using a 1200 or 1600 D-MELD risk cap ± allowing transplants for Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) ≤ 14 (Rule 14). The differential impact of the rule changes was assessed. RESULTS: The Markov simulation accurately reproduced overall and post transplant survival. A 1200 D-MELD risk cap improved post-transplant survival. Both the 1200 and 1600 risk caps improved overall survival for waitlisted patients. The addition of Rule 14 further improved post transplant and overall survival by redistribution of donor livers to recipients in higher MELD subgroups. The mechanism for improved overall and post-transplant survival after listing was due to shifting a larger percentage of transplants to the moderate MELD score subgroup (MELD 15-29) while also ensuring that high MELD recipients have livers of high quality to achieve excellent post transplant survival. CONCLUSION: A 1200 D-MELD risk cap + Rule 14 provided the greatest overall benefit primarily by focusing liver transplantation towards the moderate MELD recipient.
Seismic pattern recognition

Abstract This paper examines the fundamental problems in automatic recognition of seismic events. Particular emphasis is placed on feature extraction and digital signal processing with the discussion of geophysical features, comparison of feature extraction criteria, comparison of orthogonal transforms, autocovariance features, short-time spectral features, and signal modelling. Extensive computer results are provided. Other problem areas considered are cluster analysis, learning sample selection and the statistical and structural mixed model.
Two-level grammar as an implementable metalanguage for axiomatic semantics

Abstract Two-level grammars can define the syntax and the operational semantics of programming languages and these definitions are directly executable by interpretation. In this paper it is shown that axiomatic semantics can also be defined using a two-level grammar with the result being a partially automatic program verification system accomplished within the framework of a language definition. These results imply that a programming language can be defined operationally and axiomatically together in complementary definitions as advocated by Hoare and Lauer. Because two-level grammars are executable, these complementary definitions accomplish a system for interpreting and verifying programs.
The Quick Test as a Predictive Instrument for College Success

Three forms of the QT (1, 2, and 3) were administered to a randomly selected sample of 42 black entering freshmen at a Midwestern university. Scholastic Aptitude Test scores and high school rank were also used as predictor variables for grade point average. The results indicated that the Quick Test provides a better prediction of first semester college grades than either high school rank or the aptitude test scores.
California Route 91 Toll Lanes Impacts and Other Observations

The 16-km (10-mi) long California State Route 91 (SR-91) variable-toll lanes entered service December 27, 1995. This facility is the first practical application of congestion-based road pricing attempted in the United States. The California and U.S. Departments of Transportation sponsored a study to observe how travelers respond over time to variable-toll pricing and the other innovative features of this unique facility. Data covering a wide range of travel and transportation issues were obtained from mid-1994 through June 1997 and analyzed for lessons to inform public policies about future applications of congestion-based pricing. The principal findings are summarized. The SR-91 toll lanes are regarded as a success in terms of both commuter acceptance and favorable opinions. Although, as expected, first-year toll revenues did not cover total annualized costs, the facility operator anticipates profitability in the near future. Impacts on corridor traffic have been positive, and, despite changes in traffic...
Technology of the IBM 3800 printing subsystem model 3

IBM has introduced the 3800 Model 3 electrophotographic printer, which is a modified version of the previously developed Model I. The Model 3 improves the print density of the 3800 Model 1 from 180 × 144 pels/in.2 to 240 × 240 pels/in.2 and permits each pel to be addressed individually. The laser print head was modified to create the higher density by using the same laser, focusing to a smaller spot size, slowing down the speed of the rotating mirror, and developing a dual-beam system. Beam-power balance and beam separation were selected for optimum print quality. The dual-beam print head required the development of a new photoconductor with improved sensitivity. That photoconductor also displayed a significantly increased lifetime. Improved manufacturing techniques were developed to reduce photoconductor defects. A digital voltmeter and a new processor were introduced that reduced the cost of the process servos by eliminating previously hard-wired elements.
Sampling, infinite zeros and decoupling of linear systems

Abstract In order to understand more fully some of the trade-offs involved in using a sampled-data representation of a continuous-time system, the effects of time-sampling on the ability to achieve disturbance decoupling and input-output decoupling for linear systems are investigated. It is shown that disturbance decouplability is lost through sampling whereas row-by-row dynamic input-output decouplability is preserved in a very strong way. These results are obtained by analyzing the structure at infinity of a sampled-data system.
The Primary Therapist Model

When occupational therapy (OT) and physical therapy (PT) are provided as related services in educational settings, federal law, professional guidelines, and validated practices have pointed to appropriate models of service provision. Issues such as personnel shortages, professional isolation, and questionable educational relevance of services all create barriers to use of recommended practices. The overlap between OT and PT in special education suggests one strategy to help address these barriers: a primary therapist model. In this model, an OT or PT is assigned as primary therapist, with consultation from the other discipline as required to meet student needs. Potential benefits of the model, challenges in implementation, the best practice framework needed to support the model, and the need for research on costs and benefits are discussed.
Gelatinization Properties of Rice Flour

Abstract Gelatinization temperatures and endothermic energy of brown and milled rice flours of three rice varieties were investigated by using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) at three levels of solid concentrations. The varieties included were, Lemont, a long grain, Rico‐1, a medium grain, and Camochi, a short grain, having apparent amylose contents of 23%, 17.3% and 3.49%, respectively. Solid concentration level and apparent amylose content of the rice varieties significantly affected the gelatinization temperatures (T o , T p , and T c ) and endothermic energy (−ΔH) of both the brown and milled rice flour. Prediction equations for gelatinization temperatures and endothermic energy were developed and presented.
Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy among Older Children and Adolescents with HIV: A Qualitative Study of Psychosocial Contexts

Abstract Survival among perinatally infected children and youth with HIV has been greatly extended since the advent of highly active antiretroviral therapies. Yet, adherence to HIV medication regimens is suboptimal and decreases as children reach adolescence. This paper reports on a qualitative study examining psychosocial factors associated with adherence among perinatally infected youth ages 10–16 years. The study was based on in-depth interviews with a sample of 30 caregivers participating in a comprehensive health care program in New York City serving families with HIV. A subsample comprising 14 caregivers of children ages 10 and above is the focus of this paper. The analysis identified a number of themes associated with the psychosocial context of managing adherence among older children. Maintaining adherence was an ongoing challenge and strategies evolved as children matured. Regimen fatigue and resistance to taking the medications were major challenges to maintaining adherence among the oldest chil...
Effects of soluble factors and extracellular matrix components on vascular cell behavior in vitro and in vivo: models of de-endothelialization and repair.

Vessel walls are comprised of several different cell populations residing in and on complex extracellular matrices. Each of the vascular cell types has diverse and sometimes unique functions and morphologies, and each has roles in repair processes following injury. Large vessel endothelial cells are known to respond to denudation injury by sheet migration and proliferation. This is in contrast to the migration through soft tissues with tube formation and subsequent lumen formation exhibited by microvascular endothelial cells in response to injury. Vascular smooth muscle cells of larger vessels respond to injury by migration from the arterial media into the intima, proliferation, and matrix biosynthesis, ultimately causing intimal thickening. Both these cell types exhibit “dysfunctional” phenotypes during their responses to injury. Microvascular cell responses to injury, while extremely variable, are less well documented. Specifically, responses to injury by microvascular endothelial vascular cells appear to be modulated, in part, by the composition and organization of the surrounding matrix as well as by the various soluble factors and cytokines found at sites of injury, suggesting that the extracellular matrix and soluble factors modulate each other's effects on local vascular cell populations following injury.
Control of tissue culture response in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).

The ability of immature embryos of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to respond to tissue culture has been shown to involve the group 2 chromosomes. The available group 2 ditelosomic and nullisomic-tetrasomic lines of ‘Chinese Spring’ wheat were used to determine the chromosome arm location and chromosome dosage effect associated with the expression of tissue culture response (TCR). Significant differences were found between the aneuploid lines and the euploid control for the expression of both regenerable callus formation and callus growth rate. A model is proposed suggesting that a major TCR gene is located on 2DL and that 2AL and 2BS possess minor TCR genes. Furthermore, a major regulatory gene controlling the expression of TCR genes may be located on chromosome 2BL.
1/spl times/N/sup 2/ wavelength-selective switches with tilted 2D collimator arrays for inter-channel-response suppression

A 1times wavelength-selective switch (WSS) with a 2-axis analog micromirror array and a tilted 2D fiber collimator array has been successfully demonstrated to suppress inter-channel response. 8.2 dB suppression is obtained at 20deg tilting
Environmental assessment of three egg production systems–Part I: Monitoring system and indoor air quality

To comprehensively assess conventional vs. some alternative laying-hen housing systems under U.S. production conditions, a multi-institute and multi-disciplinary project, known as the Coalition for Sustainable Egg Supply (CSES) study, was carried out at a commercial egg production farm in the Midwestern United States over two single-cycle production flocks. The housing systems studied include a conventional cage house (200,000 hen capacity), an aviary house (50,000 hen capacity), and an enriched colony house (50,000 hen capacity). As an integral part of the CSES project, continual environmental monitoring over a 27-month period described in this paper quantifies indoor gaseous and particulate matter concentrations, thermal environment, and building ventilation rate of each house. Results showed that similar indoor thermal environments in all three houses were maintained through ventilation management and environmental control. Gaseous and particulate matter concentrations of the enriched colony house were comparable with those of the conventional cage house. In comparison, the aviary house had poorer indoor air quality, especially in wintertime, resulting from the presence of floor litter (higher ammonia levels) and hens' activities (higher particulate matter levels) in it. Specifically, daily mean indoor ammonia concentrations had the 95% confidence interval values of 3.8 to 4.2 (overall mean of 4.0) ppm for the conventional cage house; 6.2 to 7.2 (overall mean of 6.7) ppm for the aviary house; and 2.7 to 3.0 (overall mean of 2.8) ppm for the enriched colony house. The 95% confidence interval (overall mean) values of daily mean indoor carbon dioxide concentrations were 1997 to 2170 (2083) ppm for the conventional cage house, 2367 to 2582 (2475) ppm for the aviary house, and 2124 to 2309 (2216) ppm for the enriched colony house. Daily mean indoor methane concentrations were similar for all three houses, with 95% confidence interval values of 11.1 to 11.9 (overall mean of 11.5) ppm. The 95% confidence interval values (overall mean) of daily mean PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations, in mg/m3, were, respectively, 0.57 to 0.61 (0.59) and 0.033 to 0.037 (0.035) for the conventional cage house, 3.61 to 4.29 (3.95) and 0.374 to 0.446 (0.410) for the aviary house, and 0.42 to 0.46 (0.44) and 0.054 to 0.059 (0.056) for the enriched colony house. Investigation of mitigation practices to improve indoor air quality of the litter-floor aviary housing system is warranted.
Renewed interest in chlorthalidone: evidence from the Veterans Health Administration.

J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). Thiazide-type diuretics are recommended in national hypertension treatment guidelines, but these guidelines do not give preference to a specific thiazide. Recently, increased use of chlorthalidone has been advocated. The authors reviewed national outpatient prescription data from the Veterans Health Administration from 2003 to 2008 to describe the prescribing trends within the thiazide class, focusing on hydrochlorothiazide and chlorthalidone. Among total thiazide users, the proportion who received hydrochlorothiazide remained stable (95.6% in 2008), but the number of new users of hydrochlorothiazide decreased nearly 30% during this period. In contrast, the proportion of chlorthalidone use among total thiazide users more than doubled (1.1% in 2003 to 2.4% in 2008), and the number of new chlorthalidone users increased by more than 40%. At the time of initiation, chlorthalidone was more likely to be added to an existing antihypertensive regimen; one quarter (25.1%) of new hydrochlorothiazide starts were in patients not receiving concurrent antihypertensive medications, compared with only 12.1% for chlorthalidone (odds ratio, 0.44; 95% confidence interval, 0.42–0.46). Evaluation of national prescribing trends indicates that hydrochlorothiazide remains the most commonly prescribed thiazide, but there appears to be a shift toward more new users of chlorthalidone. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2010;12:927–934. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Diffraction-limited imaging using large ground-based telescopes

It is generally thought that the resolution of large ground-based telescopes is limited by atmospheric turbulence rather than by diffraction from the telescope aperture. However, longer wavelengths are less affected by atmospheric turbulence than shorter wavelengths and, conversely, longer wavelengths are more affected by diffraction from the telescope aperture. An optimum wavelength exists where these two counteracting effects balance. At this wavelength, maximum (diffraction-limited) resolution is obtained. In night seeing conditions at typical telescope sites, the optimum wavelength is in the range 1-2.5 microns. For a 5-m telescope, it should be possible to obtain resolution of the order 0.05-0.15 arcsec routinely at these wavelengths. However, to facilitate such precise resolution the telescope must be diffraction-limited.
HIGH PRECISION INTEGER ADDITION, SUBTRACTION AND MULTIPLICATION WITH A GRAPHICS PROCESSING UNIT

In this paper we evaluate the potential for using an NVIDIA graphics processing unit (GPU) to accelerate high precision integer multiplication, addition, and subtraction. The reported peak vector performance for a typical GPU appears to offer good potential for accelerating such a computation. Because of limitations in the on-chip memory, the high cost of kernel launches, and the nature of the architecture's support for parallelism, we used a hybrid algorithmic approach to obtain good performance on multiplication. On the GPU itself we adapt the Strassen FFT algorithm to multiply 32KB chunks, while on the CPU we adapt the Karatsuba divide-and-conquer approach to optimize application of the GPU's partial multiplies, which are viewed as "digits" by our implementation of Karatsuba. Even with this approach, the result is at best a factor of three increase in performance, compared with using the GMP package on a 64-bit CPU at a comparable technology node. Our implementations of addition and subtraction achieve up to a factor of eight improvement. We identify the issues that limit performance and discuss the likely impact of planned advances in GPU architecture.
Polar reformatting for ISAR imaging

Polar reformatting is a technique that has been developed and used extensively in spotlight SAR processing. The prerequisite for using this technique is to know the radar's aspect angle, with respect to the target, for each pulse received by this radar. The key to using this technique for ISAR is to know the target's rotational motion which in most cases is unknown. This paper will present a practical motion geometry for the rotational motion of a target, based on a parameterized model. A technique, based on this rotation model, to determine the rotation parameters, using measurements from the radar data itself, will be presented. A practical realization of this technique, using simplifications to the motion model, will be discussed and the effects of this simplification will be described.
Measuring HER-2 in Breast Cancer Immunohistochemistry, FISH, or ELISA?

Measuring HER-2 is important for selecting optimal therapy and predicting prognosis in breast cancer patients. Current methods for evaluating HER-2 include measuring protein overexpression by immunohistochemistry (IHC), measuring gene copy number by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH), and measuring shed antigen in the serum by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). This review compares these 3 methods and analyzes the current literature pertaining to this subject. In comparing IHC with FISH, the negative predictive value is excellent for commonly used commercial antibodies but the positive predictive value is highly variable. However, by considering only strongly staining cases as positive by IHC, the positive predictive value is markedly improved. ELISA is useful in the follow-up care of patients with breast cancer. An algorithm for using all 3 methods is presented.
Limiting oxygen indices of silicone block polymer

The limiting oxygen index (LOI) has been determined for each of a large number of silicone-containing resins, principally dimethylsiloxane (DMS) block polymers varying widely in DMS content and hard block type. A synergistic enhancement in LOI of varying strength is seen in several families of resins. For the major families explored, the synergism varies with hard block type in roughly the following order: bisphenol-A carbonate and bisphenol fluorenone carbonate > styrene and 2,6-diphenyl-1,4-phenylene oxide > bisphenol chloral polycarbonate > methyl methacrylate and phenolphthalein carbonate, the enhancement being nil in the last case. Strength of the synergism is discussed in terms of DMS degree of dispersion, char-forming tendencies, melt viscosity, and other factors.
Polyanhydrides. IV. Unsaturated and crosslinked polyanhydrides

Le polymere de l'anhydride fumarique de ses copolymeres avec les anhydrides sebacique, dodecanedioique et adipique sont obtenus par polycondensation en solution ou a l'etat fondu. Leur masse moleculaire Mw atteint 30000 et ils sont reticulables via les doubles liaisons intactes des motifs fumarique. Les copolymeres presentent des vitesses d'hydrolyse et de liberation de la p-nitroaniline presque constantes en conditions physiologiques
Tumor cell invasion of model 3-dimensional matrices: demonstration of migratory pathways, collagen disruption, and intercellular cooperation

We report a novel 3-dimensional model for visualizing tumor cell migration across a nylon mesh-supported gelatin matrix. To visualize migration across these model barriers, cell proteolytic activity of the pericellular matrix was detected using Bodipy-BSA (fluorescent upon proteolysis) and DQ collagen (fluorescent upon collagenase activity). For 3-dimensional image reconstruction, multiple optical images at sequential z axis positions were deconvoluted by computer analysis. Specificity was indicated using well-known inhibitors. Using these fluorescent proteolysis markers and imaging methods, we have directly demonstrated proteolytic and collagenolytic activity during tumor cell invasion. Moreover, it is possible to visualize migratory pathways followed by tumor cells during matrix invasion. Using cells of differing invasive potentials (uPAR-negative T-47D wild-type and uPAR-positive T-47D A2--1 cells), we show that the presence of the T-47D-A2--1 cells facilitates the entry of T-47D wild-type cells into the matrix. In some cases, wild-type cells follow T-47D A2--1 cells into the matrix whereas other T-47D-wild-type cells appear to enter without the direct intervention of T-47D A2--1 cells. Thus, we have developed a new 3-dimensional model of tumor cell invasion, demonstrated protein and collagen disruption, mapped the pathways followed by tumor cells during migration through an extracellular matrix, and illustrated cross-talk among tumor cell populations during invasion.
Acetate stimulates atmospheric CH4 oxidation by an alpine tundra soil

Abstract Experiments were conducted to determine the effects of various carbon substrates on the oxidation of atmospheric CH 4 by an alpine tundra soil. Acetate, formate, methanol, trimethylamine and yeast extract were tested. Acetate and formate (500 μg C (g d.w.) −1 ) stimulated CH 4 oxidation rates from 300 to 1192.8 (±97.2) and 1036.8 (±33.6) pg C (g d.w.) −1 h −1 , respectively. In contrast, methanol did not cause an increase in maximal CH 4 oxidation rates, but methanol-treated soil maintained peak rates of CH 4 oxidation longer than control soil. In parallel with the CH 4 data, acetate additions stimulated acetate utilization, whereas methanol did not stimulate methanol utilization in the soil. This indicates that the mechanism by which acetate stimulates soil CH 4 oxidation may not be the same as that by which methanol sustains soil CH 4 oxidation. Growth of methanotrophs on acetate has not been reported previously. Therefore, these data indicate that either there is a novel strain of methanotroph in this soil, or that acetate stimulates atmospheric CH 4 oxidation by increasing methanogenesis, which in turn increases the supply of methane to the methane oxidizers in this soil.
Personal, Family, And Service Use Characteristics Of Young People Served By An Interagency Community-Based System Of Care

In order to create a more functional system of care, agency administrators, direct service providers, the young people served, their parents, and advocates worked together to assess local needs and existing service features, and to plan required changes. This article presents data on some personal and family characteristics and patterns of service utilization of the young people served in this system of care. These data include the child's age, gender, race or ethnicity, learning characteristics, psychiatric status, and adjudications; parent marital status and employment, living arrangements for the child, and family history of risk factors; and the child's history of services and placements. Some relationships within the present data and between the present data and those of other system-of-care descriptions are discussed.
Improvement of power-performance efficiency for high-end computing

Left unchecked, the fundamental drive to increase peak performance using tens of thousands of power hungry components will lead to intolerable operating costs and failure rates. Recent work has shown application characteristics of single-processor, memory-bound non-interactive codes and distributed, interactive Web services can be exploited to conserve power and energy with minimal performance impact. Our novel approach is to exploit parallel performance inefficiencies characteristic of non-interactive, distributed scientific applications, conserving energy using DVS (dynamic voltage scaling) without impacting time-to-solution (ITS) significantly, reducing cost and improving reliability. We present a software framework to analyze and optimize distributed power-performance using DVS implemented on a 16-node Centrino-based cluster. Using various DVS strategies we achieve application-dependent overall system energy savings as large as 25% with as little as 2% performance impact.
Strength testing of dental stone: A comparison of compressive, tensile, transverse, and shear strength tests

The strength of two dental stones under three standard test regimens and two novel testing modes is reported. It was found under all test regimens that the water/powder ratio significantly affected the strength of the two gypsum products in a similar manner. It was established that the new central fulcrum loading mode gave strength data directly relatable to that determined in the conventional transverse strength test which requires larger test specimens.
Quasi-experimental evidence on the causal effects of physical health on mental health

BACKGROUND: While a large body of literature has demonstrated an association between physical health problems and psychiatric ones, the extent to which one is causally linked to the other remains difficult to estimate. This quasi-experimental study seeks to (i) estimate causal effects of an acute negative health event (health shock) on mental health and (ii) examine the role of debt and disability as potential mediators. METHODS: The study design employs exogenous injuries in bus accidents together with a matching procedure to simulate a random exposure to physical health shock. The study was conducted among travellers on state-owned buses in Karnataka, India. Exposure occurred between July and December 2005. Outcomes were assessed from a household survey conducted in November-December 2006. Eighty-four injured passengers identified from bus accident compensation records were interviewed along with 336 unexposed individuals enrolled from passengers on the same accident bus routes, matched on age group, gender and village/neighbourhood of residence. The main outcome of Psychological Distress was measured using the Kessler-10 scale. RESULTS: Exposure to the health shock increases psychological distress by 1.5 standard deviations (SD) 1 year later (P < 0.01). Physical disability is a key mediating mechanism, accounting for 65% of the observed effect. After controlling for disability, odds of having distress levels commensurate with moderate/severe mental illness was 3.01 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.26-7.19]. Indebtedness resulting from the health shock did not mediate the association between shock and distress. CONCLUSION: Evidence from this quasi-experimental study supports the hypothesis that acute physical health shocks can cause long-term mental health problems.
Wounding mobilizes hair follicle stem cells to form tumors

A wide variety of human cancers are associated with injury. Although stem cells participate in tissue regeneration after wounding, it is unclear whether these cells also contribute to epithelial tumors. Human basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) are associated with misactivation of Hedgehog (Hh) signaling, commonly through acquisition of mutations in Smoothened (Smo). We have found that expression of an activated form of Smo by stem cells of the hair-follicle bulge and secondary hair germ does not induce robust Hh signaling or produce BCCs. However, wounding recruits these cells from the follicle to the wound site, where downstream Hh signal transduction is derepressed, giving rise to superficial BCC-like tumors. These findings demonstrate that BCC-like tumors can originate from follicular stem cells and provide an explanation for the association between wounding and tumorigenesis.
FORAGING HABITAT OF THE INDIANA BAT (MYOTIS SODALIS) AT AN URBAN–RURAL INTERFACE

We captured 11 Myotis sodalis and radiotracked them to foraging areas near Indianapolis International Airport during summer 2002. A series (3–7) of multiazimuth triangulations was used to obtain an estimate of the location of each bat throughout the night. Compositional analysis was used to compare habitat that bats used to available habitat at 2 spatial scales. At both spatial scales, bats preferentially used woodlands over other available habitats (especially developed habitats). These findings suggest that suburban development may negatively impact M. sodalis by limiting foraging options. Many conservation plans aimed at protecting bats exclusively target roosting sites. Although roost conservation should continue to be central in efforts to protect bats, available foraging habitat also should be considered.
Partner Pronoun Use, Communal Coping, and Abstinence during Couple-Focused Intervention for Problematic Alcohol Use.

Communal coping-a process in which romantic partners view a problem as ours rather than yours or mine, and take collaborative action to address it -has emerged as an important predictor of health and treatment outcomes. In a study of partners' pronoun use prior to and during couple-focused alcohol interventions, we examined first-person plural (we-talk) and singular (I-talk) pronouns as linguistic markers of communal coping and behavioral predictors of treatment outcome. Thirty-three couples in which one partner abused alcohol were selected from a randomized control trial (N = 63) of couple-focused Cognitive-Behavioral or Family Systems Therapy if they had unambiguously successful or unsuccessful treatment outcomes (i.e., patient maintained abstinence for 30 days prior to treatment termination or had more than one heavy drinking day in the same period). Pronoun measures for each partner were obtained via computerized text analysis from transcripts of partners' speech, derived from a videotaped pretreatment interaction task and three subsequent therapy sessions. Spouse we-talk during the intervention (accounting for pretreatment we-talk), as an index of communal orientation, uniquely predicted successful treatment outcomes. In contrast, both patient and spouse I-talk during the intervention (accounting for pretreatment I-talk), as a marker of individualistic orientation, uniquely predicted unsuccessful outcomes, especially when distinguishing active and passive (I vs. me/my) pronoun forms. Results strengthen evidence for the prognostic significance of spouse behavior for patient health outcomes and for communal coping (indexed via pronoun use) as a potential mechanism of change in couple-focused interventions for health problems.
Reference List Accuracy in Social Work Journals: A Follow-Up Analysis.

Purpose:Following up an Research on Social Work Practice article published a decade ago, this study aimed to examine reference error rates among five, widely circulated social work journals.Methods:A stratified random sample of references was selected from the year 2013 (N = 500, 100/journal). Each was verified against the original work to detect errors among author name(s), publication year, article title, journal title, volume number, and page numbers. Interrater consistency was 0.88.Results:In the sample, 163 (33%) references contained at least 1 error, producing 258 total errors. Author names held the highest error rate (0.26) and the volume number held the lowest (0.04). The highest error rate was found in Social Service Review (0.48), statistically significantly higher than the remaining journals.Discussion:Reference accuracy in social work journal articles has increased marginally. Substantial reference errors in articles among widely circulated journals may portray an aggregate lack of polished, s...
Significance of the concentrated red cell and albumin priming method with particular reference to anaphylatoxin generation.

Anaphylatoxins generated by cardiopulmonary bypass were observed in basic and clinical studies (n = 120 in the latter). In vitro immunoglobulin fractions denatured by oxygen bubbling produced C4a, C3a, and C5a, but albumin identically treated did not. Therefore concentrated red cells with albumin were used to prime homologous blood for clinical application during cardiopulmonary bypass. Complement levels were compared with type of oxygenator (bubble or membrane) and the ratio of primed homologous blood to circulating autologous blood volume. With the bubble oxygenator at a low ratio of homologous to autologous blood (arbitrarily defined as horac C ardiovasc S urg 1992;103:78—86)
Simulation-Based Optimization in Design-Under-Uncertainty Problems Through Iterative Development of Metamodels in Augmented Design/Random Variable Space

This contribution discusses design-under-uncertainty problems that employ a probabilistic performance as objective function and consider its estimation through stochastic (i.e., Monte Carlo) simulation. This simulation-based approach for estimating statistical quantities puts no constraints on the complexity of the numerical and probability models adopted to describe the system under consideration, but involves a high-computational cost, especially for applications utilizing complex, high-fidelity models. A framework relying on Kriging surrogates for approximation of the system response in an augmented input space is considered here to alleviate this cost. A subdomain of the design space is defined and a Kriging metamodel is built to approximate the system response (output) with respect to (augmented input) both the design variables and the random variables (i.e., uncertain model parameters). The established metamodel is then used within a stochastic simulation setting to approximate the system performance when estimating the objective function for specific values of the design variables as well as for obtaining derivative information. This information is used to search for a local optimum within the considered design subdomain. Only when the optimization algorithm drives the search outside this domain a new metamodel is generated. The process is iterated until convergence is achieved and an efficient sharing of information across these iterations is established to adaptively tune the characteristics of the metamodel as well as improve the accuracy of the Monte Carlo simulation through implementation of importance sampling. The explicit incorporation of the prediction error of the metamodel within the design problem formulation is also considered and is proven to greatly enhance the robustness of the optimization approach.
Parameter Uncertainty and Model Predictions: A Review of Monte Carlo Results

Uncertainty in ecological models (O’Neill and Gardner, 1979) is due to a number of factors. The total error associated with model predictions can only be assessed by a validation process (Caswell, 1976; Mankin et al., 1977) which tests the model against independent data (Shaeffer, 1979). However, such validation experiments are often infeasible, and modeling research has focused on individual factors that contribute to total error. These factors include assumptions in model construction (Harrison, 1978; Cale and Odell, 1979; O’Neill and Rust, 1979), measurement errors (O’Neill, 1973; Argentesi and Olivi, 1976), and errors in formulating ecosystem processes (O’Neill, 1979a).
Microwave Applications of Diodes, Varactors and Tunnel Diodes

Diodes provide many circuit functions (e. g., detection of signals, modulation of carrier frequencies with signal frequencies and subsequent demodulation) at high frequencies. Diodes are also used as RF switches and as harmonic generators for efficient frequency multiplication. The variable capacitance feature of varactor diodes is used in voltage-controlled oscillators for tuning purposes and in parametric amplifier circuits. Tunnel diodes also have similar uses.
When is the Ring of 2x2 Matrices over a Ring Galois

Let R be a ring with 1, M2(R) the ring of 2 × 2 matrices over R, and S the Sugano quaternion ring over R. Then, S is isomorphic with a subring of M2(R) if and only if 2 is not a zero divisor in R, and S ∼ M2(R) if and only if 2 is invertible in R. Moreover, if 2 is invertible in R, then M2(R) is a Galois extension of R with an abelian inner Galois group G of order 4. This implies that the rings of 2 × 2 matrices over the real field and complex field are central Galois algebras induced by the central Galois algebra of 2 × 2 matrices over the rational field with Galois group G. Mathematics Subject Classification: 16S35, 16W20
Committing SINS: Ultra-broadband Synchrotron Infrared Nano-spectroscopy and Imaging

Synchrotron infrared nano-spectroscopy (SINS) provides sensitive vibrational chemical contrast with < 25 nm spatial resolution, enabling investigations of nanoscale surface phenomena that were previously impossible to study with infrared techniques.