cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Learning Print: a blueprint for practice in the noncategorical special class

This article presents a teaching model, the Learning Print, for use with elementary school children in noncategorical special class settings. The six basic features of the model include: (1) individualized, self-initiated reading, (2) expressive writing, (3) incidental, nondirective counselling, (4) an administrative facilitator, (5) the special education teacher as resource specialist, and (6) the pervasive use of instructional aides. These features are discussed, and citations for more detailed descriptions are included. The model is designed to take individual differences into account without being intrusive. The pedagogical and administrative advantages of the Learning Print model are delineated.
Giant Synovial Cyst of Thigh: A Rare Entity

Synovial cyst occurs secondary to traumatic, degenerative, or inflammatory conditions. Synovial cysts represent abnormal distension of bursae, which communicate with the joint. Giant synovial cysts are typically due to rheumatoid arthritis, other causes being trauma and synovial pseudoarthrosis. A 33-year-old male presented to an outpatient clinic with a massive swelling on his posterolateral aspect of right thigh extending from upper one-third to the knee joint which had been increasing in size over the past six months. This was associated with dull aching pain. All laboratory investigations were within normal parameters. Even FNAC was inconclusive. With time, swelling was increasing in size. Ultrasound revealed the cystic nature of swelling. MRI showed large cystic lesion 24 × 10 × 12 cm in posterolateral aspect of thigh extending up to knee joint. Following the MRI, an excision was planned. After excision, histological examination confirmed the synovial nature of the cyst, which had a collagenous wall and dense chronic inflammatory cells. As the disease is extremely rare and asymptomatic, precise diagnosis is difficult and often delayed. We consider that open surgical excision should be reserved for cases of large synovial cysts because it can provide a complete resection of the lesion and minimize the risk of recurrence.
Thermosolvatochromism of Phenol Blue in Polar and Nonpolar Solvents

The solvatochromic properties of phenol blue [N-(4-dimethylaminophenyl)-1,4-benzoquinoneimine] have been investigated in polar and nonpolar solvents using variable-temperature 'H NMR and electronic absorption spectroscopy. In acetonitrile, chloroform, and cyclohexane, protons on the quinoneimine ring are inequivalent at all temperatures, while in methanol an exchange process increasingly broadens the signals from these protons as the temperature is raised. The temperature-dependent absorption spectrum of phenol blue in methanol, acetonitrile, chloroform, and cyclohexane is reported, and the observed increase in peak frequency and bandwidth with temperature is found to exceed the predictions of continuum theory. The large increase in dipole moment on excitation results in a strong inductive contribution to the solvatochromism, and leads to large thermochromic shifts even in nonpolar solvents. The possible contributions of solvent-dependent electronic structure, low-frequency intramolecular vibrations, and conformational flexibility to the thermosolvatochromic properties of phenol blue are discussed. Evidence is presented for solvent dependence of the dipole difference μ e - μ g between the ground and excited electronic states.
The Role of Mast Cell Derived Mediators in Airway Hyperresponsiveness

C linically, asthma is recognized by airway hyperreactivity and reversible airways obstruction. At the tissue level, pathologic derangements include constriction of airway smooth muscle, increased vascular permeability resulting in edema of airways, outpouring of mucus from goblet cells and mucus glands, parasympathetic nervous system activation, denudation of airway epithelial lining cells and influx of inflammatory cells including neutrophils and eosinophils.’ Underlying these tissue effects are potent chemical mediators secreted following the physical, inflammatory or immunologic activation of the human lung mast cell (HLMC). Though mast cells are found in all human organs, they exist in highest concentrations at portals of entry into the body: the skin and the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts. In the lung, small numbers are fi)und free in the bronchial lumen” and within the epithelial lining;4 thus, these mast cells may represent the true sentinel cells of hypersensitivity. Their perturbation may actually initiate airway reactions that lead to permeability changes and allow penetration of antigen into mast cell rich submucosal areas: the basement membranes of airways, and areas adjacent to submucous glands, near blood vessels, and in muscle bundles. Large numbers of mast cells are also localized to inter-alveolar septa in lung parenchyma. 5.8 The recent development of techniques to purify HLMC6 has allowed detailed studies of their biology including ultrastructure,7’ biochemistry of activation,’#{176}the nature of mediators released,” pharmacologic modulation of the release mechanism,614 and heterogeneity. Biochemistry of Release An understanding of the biochemistry of the release reaction provides a rationale for present and future
Applications Of The Mold Controlled Profile (MCP) Technique For Resist Processing

The Mold Controlled Profile (MCP) technique consists of coating a layer of immiscible polymer over a prepatterned resist image. This structure can be heated to an extremely high temperature without lateral distortion of the original resist profile, while the patterned resist undergoes significant chemical changes. After removal of the mold, the resultant image can be used in many areas of application. Here, the hardening aspect and the compensation of interfacial layer in the capped deep-uv Portable Conformable Masking (PCM) system are given to demonstrate the advantages of the MCP technique and to stimulate other new applications.
Finite size corrections for the Johnson–Mehl–Avrami–Kolmogorov equation

The Johnson–Mehl–Avrami–Kolmogorov (JMAK) equation is frequently used to describe phase transformations involving nucleation and growth. The assumptions used in the derivation of this equation, however, are frequently violated when making experimental measurements; use of the JMAK equation for analyzing such data can often produce invalid results. Finite-size effects are among the most serious of these problems. We present modified analytic JMAK equations that correct for the finite-size effects and are roughly independent of both the sample shape and the shape of the growing nuclei. A comparison with computer simulations shows that these modified JMAK equations accurately reproduce the growth behavior over a wide range of conditions.
Behavior genetics of F1 and F2 coyote-dog hybrids

Abstract The frequency of occurrence of various morphological and behavioral characteristics are reported by coyotes, beagles and their F1 and F2 hybrids. These data reveal certain consistencies in the patterns of inheritance of such beagle traits as pendulous ears, smooth, short coat; and coyote traits, such as “ectomorphy,” sable coat color, dark neonatal coat color, bushy tail with active supra-caudal gland, and white facial mask. The above traits were most frequently seen in the F2 hybrids while the F1 hybrids tended to be intermediate between the dog and coyote, and extremely uniform in appearance. In the F2 hybrids, independent segregation was apparent, most offspring being coyote-like ectomorphs with pendulous or semi-pendulous ears, while others were beagle-like “endomorphs,” but with proportionately shorter legs and longer bodies than actual beagles. Both F1 and F2 hybrids resembled the coyote in terms of shyness, intra-sexual aggression and occurrence of several action patterns associated with aggression and social interaction.
Mechanisms underlying spinal motor neuron excitability during the cutaneous silent period in humans

The transient suppression of muscle contraction during the cutaneous silent period (CSP) could be produced either through postsynaptic inhibition of motoneurons or through presynaptic inhibition of the excitatory inputs to motoneurons that sustain voluntary contraction. We sought to delineate the mechanisms underlying the CSP in hand muscles by measuring changes in H-reflexes and motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) produced by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) during the CSP in 10 healthy volunteers. H-reflexes and MEPs both measure the excitability of the motoneuron pool and activate similar subpopulations of motoneurons through different pathways. Inhibition of H-reflexes and MEPs of similar size was maximal at the midpoint of the CSP and gradually returned to baseline. The similar time course of recovery suggests that the H-reflex and MEP are affected by inhibition at a common site, most likely postsynaptic inhibition of the motoneurons.
The impact of time constraints on Internet and Web use

This study examines the influence of time constraints on Internet and Web search goals and search behavior. Specifically, it looks at the searching behavior of public library Internet users who, previously limited to 30 minutes per Internet session, are given an unlimited amount of time for use. Interviews and observations were conducted with 34 participants searching on their own queries. Despite an increase in the time allowed for searching, most people spent less than 30 minutes on the Internet, carrying out tasks like paying bills, shopping, browsing, and making reservations. Those who took more than 30 minutes were looking for jobs or browsing. E-mail use was universal. In this context, influences like time-dependent and time-independent tasks, use of search hubs to perform more efficient searches, and search diversity were recorded. Though there are a number of large and small studies of Internet and Web use, few of them focus on temporal influences. This study extends knowledge in this area of inquiry.
Low-complexity and high-performance soft MIMO detection based on distributed M-algorithm through trellis-diagram

This paper presents a novel low-complexity multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) detection scheme using a distributed M-algorithm (DM) to achieve high performance soft MIMO detection. To reduce the searching complexity, we build a MIMO trellis graph and split the searching operations among different nodes, where each node will apply the M-algorithm. Instead of keeping a global candidate list as the traditional detector does, this algorithm keeps multiple small candidate lists to generate soft information. Since the DM algorithm can achieve good BER performance with a small M, the sorting cost of the DM algorithm is lower than that of the conventional K-best MIMO algorithm. The proposed algorithm is very suitable for high speed parallel processing.
On the rate of heat transfer between a lake and an ice sheet

Abstract The flux of heat between water and ice is either ignored or set to a constant value in present sea ice models. More accurate treatment of this flux may be desirable in the vicinity of polynyas and ice margins, and for more accurate thermal simulation of lakes and reservoirs. Observations of currents and temperatures under the ice in three large lakes of the headwater region of the Yukon River Basin permit the determination of the coefficient of sensible heat transfer between water and ice by various indirect methods. At a depth of 1 m and an estimated surface roughness of about 0.01 m, the coefficient of sensible heat transfer between water and ice was found to be (0.8±0.3)×10−3. This value is within the limits of smooth and rough ice conditions found in laboratory investigations and appears to be somewhat less than that found in recent sea ice studies.
The Cd-Te phase diagram

Abstract The properties of the liquid phase in the Cd–Te system are fit using thermodynamic properties of CdTe(c) recently optimized by the author. These include a high temperature heat capacity significantly lower than commonly used such that the enthalpy of formation of CdTe(c) at its melting point is about 10 kJ/mol less negative than previously thought. An associated solution model with Cd, CdTe, and Te species is used. Seven adjustable parameters are sufficient to quantitatively fit the liquidus and partial pressures of Te2 and Cd. Additional partial pressures for Te rich CdTe(c) near its melting point are extracted from an earlier study and tabulated. The parameters giving good fits to the liquidus and partial pressures give only a fair fit to the enthalpy of mixing of the liquid phase. Moreover, the parameters giving a good fit to the enthalpy give poor fits to the other data. The sensitivity of the different data types to changes in the interaction parameters of the associated solution model is established. A variation of ±160 J/g atom in the enthalpy parameter determining the CdTe–Te interaction is sufficient to double the fractional standard deviation between experimental and calculated partial pressures of Te2 over Te rich CdTe(c) from 0.034 to 0.07. Because the degree of association is near its maximum, the measures of fit to the data are insensitive to changes in the parameters determining the Cd–Te interaction.
Toxicity-Related Changes in Benzene Metabolism in vivo

1. The influence of microsomal enzyme inducers and inhibitors on the metabolism of [U-14C]benzene in the rat was examined. 2. Pre-treatment of animals with the inhibitors piperonyl butoxide and cobaltous chloride tended to reduce the urinary excretion of metabolites in 24 h but increase the overall urinary excretion. Piperonyl butoxide tended to increase expired benzene. 3. Pre-treatment of animals with the inducer phenobarbital tended to increase urinary excretion of metabolites but decrease expired benzene, as did pre-treatment with benzene itself. 4. All pre-treatments appeared to increase the excretion of phenolic glucuronides, particularly benzene pre-treatment. Phenobarbital and benzene pre-treatment tended to increase phenylmercapturic acid excretion and benzene pre-treatment markedly increased excretion of quinol. 5. The results are discussed in relation to the effect of microsomal enzyme inhibitors and inducers on benzene-induced bone marrow toxicity.
Alternative Splicing of Drosophila Dscam Generates Axon Guidance Receptors that Exhibit Isoform-Specific Homophilic Binding

Dscam is an immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily protein required for the formation of neuronal connections in Drosophila. Through alternative splicing, Dscam potentially gives rise to 19,008 different extracellular domains linked to one of two alternative transmembrane segments, resulting in 38,016 isoforms. All isoforms share the same domain structure but contain variable amino acid sequences within three Ig domains in the extracellular region. We demonstrate that different isoforms exhibit different binding specificity. Each isoform binds to itself but does not bind or binds poorly to other isoforms. The amino acid sequences of all three variable Ig domains determine binding specificity. Even closely related isoforms sharing nearly identical amino acid sequences exhibit isoform-specific binding. We propose that this preferential homophilic binding specificity regulates interactions between cells and contributes to the formation of complex patterns of neuronal connections.
Control of cricket song patterns by descending interneurons

1. InGryllus campestris, normal calling song pattern can be elicited from identified motor neurons by stimulation of interneuron axon filaments split from the cervical connective (Fig. 1). 2. The motor response is closely temporally coupled to the onset and termination of the stimulation (Fig. 1). 3. The stimulus need not contain any timing cues for the song pattern; the pattern is generated in the thorax (Figs. 1, 2). 4. The chirp rate varies directly, and linearly, with the stimulus frequency, but the chirp pattern remains unaltered (Figs. 2, 3). 5. The data suggest that the response can be evoked by stimulation of a single interneuron, located dorso-medially in the connective (Figs. 4, 5). 6. InTeleogryllus oceanicus, normal calling song pattern can also be elicited by stimulation of cervical connective filaments (Figs. 6, 7). 7. The response pattern is closely temporally linked to the period of stimulation but does not depend on timing cues from the stimulus (Fig. 6). 8. Evidence from filament properties, intracellular stimulation, and transmission EM indicates that: (i) stimulation of a single interneuron can evoke the response; (ii) the interneuron is located in the dorsomedial sector of the connective; (iii) the interneuron is in the 2–4 micrometer size range (Figs. 4, 5). 9. Variation in the stimulus frequency alters the response pattern: (i) at moderate stimulation rates, calling song pattern is produced; (ii) at high rates of stimulation, aggressive song pattern is produced; (iii) at sustained low rates of stimulation, a pattern is produced which is similar to the courtship song pattern, but differs in one important aspect (Fig. 7). 10. The three normal songs, calling, aggressive, and courtship are characterized by different combinations of several basic rhythmical elements. By manipulation of filament stimulation rates, the patterns can be fractionated so that various rhythmical elements are isolated and some of their features revealed (Figs. 8, 9). 11. Although most calling consists of a single, highly stereotyped pattern, some transitional stages between silence and full song normally occur. The same transitional motor patterns can be produced by alteration of the filament stimulation rate (Fig. 8).
Androgen receptors in the perinatal rat brain

Abstract Androgen receptors were identified and characterized in the cytosol and nuclear fractions of the perinatal female rat brain. Cytosol receptors have sedimentation coefficients in the range of 8 to 10S and bind to DNA cellulose columns. These receptors are detected in low concentrations in hypothalamus-preoptic area-amygdala-septum (HPAS) during the last few days of fetal life, less than 1/10th of levels found in adult HPAS. They undergo the most dramatic increase in concentration between postnatal days 7 and 15. Their appearance thus coincides temporally with the appearance of estrogen and progestin receptors, but the time course of their development is delayed, by comparison. Cell nuclear androgen receptors were also identified by gel exclusion chromatography and protamine sulfate precipitation after salt extraction of neonatal brain cell nuclei following in vivo labeling with both a synthetic and a natural androgen. Two well-known anti-andorgens, cyproterone acetate and flutamide, are shown to inhibit the in vivo androgen binding to these cell nuclear receptors. The results are discussed in relation to androgen action in the perinatal rat brain, and the information currently available suggests that androgens influence both gonadotropin secretion and aspects of brain sexual differentiation.
Subjective Well-Being and Retirement: Analysis and Policy Recommendations

This study examines the relationship between retirement and subjective well-being (SWB), utilizing international data from sixteen countries in Western Europe and the US. Differences in social security regimes are exploited to estimate the retirement decision such that it is exogenous to individual-level characteristics. Although results from traditional ordinary least squares suggest an ambiguous relationship between retirement and SWB, this is due to comparatively lower SWB among those who choose retirement. The removal of selection bias reveals a large, positive effect that fades over a few years, suggesting a multi-stage adjustment to retirement. Individuals facing formal retirement at age 65 or later experience an increase in SWB that is roughly equivalent in total value to that of individuals facing earlier retirement, and both groups return to trend by age 70. This suggests that raising the formal retirement age, which is widely discussed today by policymakers, is relatively neutral with regard to SWB in the long-term.
Improved assays for determining the cytosolic access of peptides, proteins, and their mimetics.

Proteins and other macromolecules that cross biological membranes have great potential as tools for research and next-generation therapeutics. Here, we describe two assays that effectively quantify the cytosolic localization of a number of previously reported peptides and protein domains. One assay, which we call GIGI (glucocorticoid-induced eGFP induction), is an amplified assay that informs on relative cytosolic access without the need for sophisticated imaging equipment or adherent cells. The second, GIGT (glucocorticoid-induced eGFP translocation), is a nonamplified assay that informs on relative cytosolic access and exploits sophisticated imaging equipment to facilitate high-content screens in live cells. Each assay was employed to quantify the cytosolic delivery of several canonical “cell permeable peptides,” as well as more recently reported minimally cationic miniature proteins and zinc finger nuclease domains. Our results show definitively that both overall charge as well as charge distribution i...
Steroids for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

The development and severity of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are closely related to dysregulated inflammation, and the duration of ARDS and eventual outcomes are related to persistent inflammation and abnormal fibroproliferation. Corticosteroids are potent modulators of inflammation and inhibitors of fibrosis that have been used since the first description of ARDS in attempts to improve outcomes. There is no evidence that corticosteroids prevent the development of ARDS among patients at risk. High-dose and short-course treatment with steroids does not improve the outcomes of patients with ARDS. Additional studies are needed to recommend treatment with steroids for ARDS.
Synthesis and receptor binding properties of 2β-alkynyl and 2β-(1,2,3-triazol)substituted 3β-(substituted phenyl)tropane derivatives

Abstract A series of 2β-alkynyl and 2β-(1,2,3-triazol)substituted 3β-(substituted phenyl)tropanes were synthesized and evaluated for affinities at dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine membrane transporters using competitive radioligand binding assays. All tested compounds were found to exhibit nanomolar or subnanomolar affinity for the dopamine transporter (DAT). One of the most potent and selective compounds in the series was 3β-(4-chlorophenyl)-2β-(4-nitrophenylethynyl)tropane (10c) that possessed an IC50 value of 0.9 nM at the DAT and Ki values of 230 nM and 620 nM at the norepinephrine transporter (NET) and serotonin transporter (5-HTT), respectively.
rho gene amplification and malignant transformation.

Abstract Our previous studies have shown that overexpression of the protooncogene rho in Rat-1 and 3T3 fibroblasts resulted in colonies that displayed altered growth regulation (8). In this report we demonstrate that the human rho gene is capable of eliciting neoplastic growth of an established cell line — Rat Rhol DHFR, rat fibroblast cells that are stably transfected to overexpress the full-length cDNA rho A. The established transfectant lines grow to a high saturation density in monolayer cultures and, when maintained and postconfluence, developed dense foci. The overexpression of rho A cDNA altered not only the in vitro growth properties of Rat-1 cells but also their in vivo behavior. Injection of these transfected cells into athymic nude mice resulted in the formation of tumors. Introduction of rho A cDNA with the selectable dihydrofolate reductase marker into rat embryo fibroblasts resulted in the outgrowth of few rho transfected colonies. These colonies expressed high levels of rho cDNA and could proliferate for at least 40 generations. Our results show a positive correlation between overexpression of the human rho gene and tumorigenicity.
Target Motion Ambiguities in Single-Aperture Synthetic Aperture Radar

A simple approach to the detection and estimation of target motion based on phase measurements from a single-aperture synthetic-aperture radar (SAR) is presented. In this analysis the SAR is treated as a pure range-measuring device. Each stationary object in a scene produces a unique range-time history in the radar. Thus, ideal SAR processing is reduced to finding the response to the set of matched filters associated with stationary targets. For this purely geometrical model, it is shown that there exists a class of moving targets that are absolutely indistinguishable from a stationary target. These are targets that move in such a way that the range to the SAR is always identical to the range from the SAR to some stationary target. Moreover it turns out that most moving targets are also indistinguishable from some other moving targets. The idealized SAR is only sensitive to a single velocity component of the target, and thus most solutions are degenerate. Theoretical limits of the detection of motion are established that are dependent on SAR parameters and observation time. Fast-moving (e.g. spaceborne) SARs can detect along-track motions with less ambiguity than a slow-moving SAR. It is shown that most moving targets do produce apparent motion in sequences of multilook SAR imagery. These apparent motions can be used to estimate the measurable component of target velocity.
A fast and high resolution x-ray imaging sensor for tape substrate inspection

In automated Tape substrate (TS) inspection, machine vision is widely adopted for their high throughput and cost advantages. However, conventional methods are overly sensitive to foreign particles or have limitations in detecting three dimensional defects such as top over-etching. In an attempt to complement vision inspection systems, we proposed utilizing x-ray inspection. To implement x-ray inspection in TS application, we developed a prototype fast and high spatial resolution x-ray imaging sensor which functions at frame rate in excess of 30 fps and has a spatial resolution of 20 µm. In this paper, the development of the sensor and its performance is addressed and the efficiency of the x-ray inspection in detecting top over-etching defects will be shown with experimental studies.
Comparison of the blocking potency of local anesthetics applied at different pH values

Es wird die Annahme gestutzt, dass in der Nervenmembran die aktive Form lokal anaesthetischer Mittel die ionisierte Form ist. Die das Wirkungspotential herabserzende Wirkung dieser Stoffe scheint durch die hoheren Konzentrationen der nicht-ionisierten Form bedingt zu sein.
Protective Role of Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 in Ozone-Induced Airway Inflammation

BackgroundExposure to ozone causes airway inflammation, hyperreactivity, lung hyper-permeability, and epithelial cell injury. An early inflammatory response induced by inhaled O3 is characterized p...
Salvage of failed acetabular cages by nonbuttressed trabecular metal cups.

Acetabular revision of failed cages or rings may be facilitated by previously placed bone graft, enabling the use of highly porous cementless hemispheric cups. We retrospectively reviewed all 15 patients who had conversion of failed antiprotrusion cages (10 patients) or roof rings (five patients) to cementless cups. All patients had restoration of bone stock (three major column, eight morselized, four combined bone grafts) performed in conjunction with their index cage or ring reconstruction arthroplasty. The minimum followup was 24 months (average, 48.3 months; range, 24–72 months). Failure was defined as radiographic cup migration. In 12 of the 15 patients, there was no radiographic change in cup position at the last followup or symptoms indicative of loosening. The average Harris hip scores improved from 31 (range, 15–48) to 69 (range, 56–87) at latest followup. Cup failure occurred in three patients. In two patients, the failed cups were revised; the third patient refused additional surgery. Our experience suggests treatment of failed cages by highly porous cementless cups is a reasonable option. However, we recommend patients be followed closely to detect cup migration, which can occur until satisfactory bony ingrowth occurs. Level of Evidence: Level IV, therapeutic study. See the Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Personal Bankruptcy and the Credit Report : Conflicting Mechanisms of Social Mobility

Personal bankruptcy has long been assumed to be a mechanism through which indebted families could achieve a financial fresh start. In sociological terms, bankruptcy, because it allows for the discharge of debt and protection of some assets, insures upward social mobility. For the most part, however, the efficacy of bankruptcy to improve families' socioeconomic status remains untested. Based on interviews with more than 700 people who filed for personal bankruptcy in 2001, it appears that a second mechanism, the credit report, impedes the upward mobility that results from personal bankruptcy.
Exponential separation and principal Floquet bundles for linear parabolic equations on general bounded domains:: nondivergence case

We consider the Dirichlet problem for linear nonautonomous second order parabolic equations of nondivergence type on general bounded domains with bounded measurable coefficients. Under such minimal regularity assumptions, we establish the existence of a principal Floquet bundle exponentially separated from a complementary invariant bundle. As a special case of our main theorem, assuming the coefficients are time-periodic, we obtain a new result on the existence of a principal eigenvalue of an associated (time-periodic) parabolic eigenvalue problem. We also show the existence of a uniform spectral gap between the principal eigenvalue and the rest of the spectrum for a class of time-periodic uniformly parabolic operators. Finally, we prove the uniqueness of positive entire solutions in the class of solutions whose supremum norms do not grow superexponentially as time goes to negative infinity.
Multi-band sensor-fused explosive hazards detection in forward-looking ground penetrating radar

Explosive hazard detection and remediation is a pertinent area of interest for the U.S. Army. There are many types of detection methods that the Army has or is currently investigating, including ground-penetrating radar, thermal and visible spectrum cameras, acoustic arrays, laser vibrometers, etc. Since standoff range is an important characteristic for sensor performance, forward-looking ground-penetrating radar has been investigated for some time. Recently, the Army has begun testing a forward-looking system that combines L-band and X-band radar arrays. Our work focuses on developing imaging and detection methods for this sensor-fused system. In this paper, we investigate approaches that fuse L-band radar and X-band radar for explosive hazard detection and false alarm rejection. We use multiple kernel learning with support vector machines as the classification method and histogram of gradients (HOG) and local statistics as the main feature descriptors. We also perform preliminary testing on a context aware approach for detection. Results on government furnished data show that our false alarm rejection method improves area-under-ROC by up to 158%.
Nuclear chemistry in the traditional undergraduate chemistry program: Activity across the curriculum

The traditional undergraduate program for chemistry majors, especially at institutions devoted solely to undergraduate education, has limited space for “special topics” courses in areas such as nuclear and radiochemistry. I propose a scheme whereby the basic topics covered in an introductory radiochemistry course are touched upon, and in some cases covered in detail, at some time during the four-year sequence of courses taken by a chemistry major.
Cloud Fields Over Irrigated Areas In Southwestern Kansas—Data And Speculations

(1975). Cloud Fields Over Irrigated Areas In Southwestern Kansas—Data And Speculations. The Professional Geographer: Vol. 27, No. 4, pp. 457-461.
Trisilylamine: Nitrogen isotope effect in the Raman spectrum and planarity of the NSi3 skeleton

Raman frequencies for the totally-symmetric NSi3 stretching mode of 14N(SiH3)3 and 15N(SiH3)3 have been carefully compared. In the gas phase the isotopic shift is zero within experimental error, which indicates planar trigonal geometry for the heavy-atom skeleton. For the liquid and solid phases there are small but real isotopic shifts. The skeleton is therefore slightly distorted in these phases, but it is impossible to say just how. Complete Raman and infrared data are given for 14N(SiH3)3 in several physical states.
Double oxidative addition of CH bonds on a triruthenium cluster complex; synthesis and characterization of Ru3{μ-H2,η2,μ3-C(OEt)=C(H)}(CO)9 and Ru3{μ-H2,η2,μ3-C(OEt)N(Me)C(CH)}(CO)9

Abstract Titration of Ru 3 (μ-H,μ-O=C(CH 3 )}(CO) 10 ( 1 ) with LiCH 3 in diethyl ether at − 30°C leads to its instantaneous conversion into [Li][Ru 3 {η 2 -C(CO)CH 3 }{μ-H,μ-O=C(CH 3 )}(CO) 9 ]. Alkylation with C 2 H 5 OSO 2 CF 3 at 25°C leads after 48 h to Ru 3 {μ-H 2 ,η 2 ,μ 3 -C(OEt)=C(H)}(CO) 9 ( 3 ) in 80% yield; acetaldehyde is obtained as a by-product. Use of LiCD 3 in the first step of this sequence gives unlabeled acetaldehyde and the trinuclear product Ru 3 {μ-D 2 ,η 2 ,μ 3 -C(OEt)=C(D)}(CO) 9 . Starting with Ru 3 {μ-H,μ-C(O)CD 3 }(CO) 10 and LiCH 3 , the reaction gives CD 3 C(O)H and no deuterium incorporation into the triruthenium product. Under an atmosphere of CO, acetaldehyde is still eliminated from the initial alkylation product but oxidative addition is prevented; IR spectroscopy indicates that a new complex is present, but this has eluded characterization owing to tis rapid conversion to 3 under conditions used in attempts to isolate or purify it. Reaction of 1 with LiPh or LiCMe 3 followed by alkylation with C 2 H 5 OSO 2 CF 3 also gives 3 , along with the corresponding aldehyde RC(O)H. Reaction of 1 with HNMe 2 followed by alkylation with C 2 H 5 OSO 2 CF 3 gives Ru 3 {μ-H 2 ,η 2 ,μ 3 -C(OEt)N(Me)C(H)}(CO) 9 (45% yield).
A Qualitative Sampling Device for Use at Hazardous Waste Sites

A device to draw air through up to 10 direct reading indicator tubes simultaneously has been developed. The qualitative results obtained can be used to obtain a rapid preliminary classification of the unknown chemical substances at spill scenes or at hazardous waste sites, and to devise protocols for laboratory sample analysis.
Those fierce white people

Everett reviews The Falling Sky: Words of a Yanomami shaman by Davi Kopenawa and Bruce Albert.
Reduced neutrophil infiltration protects against lung reperfusion injury after transplantation.

Abstract Background . There is evidence that lung ischemia reperfusion injury is a result of the activation of components of the inflammatory cascade. However, the role of neutrophils in lung reperfusion injury continues to be a source of controversy. Methods . Using an isolated, whole blood-perfused, ventilated rabbit lung model, we sought to characterize the pattern of reperfusion injury and investigate the contribution of neutrophils to this injury. Donor rabbits underwent lung harvest after pulmonary arterial prostoglandin E 1 injection and Euro-Collins preservation solution flush. Group I lungs (n = 8) were immediately reperfused without ischemic storage. Group II lungs (n = 8) were stored for 18 h at 4°C before reperfusion. Group III lungs (n = 10) underwent 18 h of ischemic storage and were reperfused with whole blood that was first passed through a leukocyte-depleting filter. All lungs were reperfused for 2 h. Results . Arterial oxygenation in group III progressively improved, and was significantly higher than that of group II after 2 h of reperfusion (272.58 ± 58.97 vs 53.58 ± 5.34 mm Hg, p = 0.01). Both pulmonary artery pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance were significantly reduced in group III when compared with group II (27.85 ± 1.45 vs 44.15 ± 4.77 mm Hg, p = 0.002; and 30,867 ± 2,323 vs 52,775 ± 6,386 dynes · sec · cm −5 , p = 0.003, respectively). Microvascular permeability in group III lungs was reduced to 73.98 ± 6.15 compared with 117.16 ± 12.78 ng Evans blue dye/g tissue in group II ( p = 0.005). Group III myeloperoxidase activity was 56.92 ± 6.31 ΔOD/g/min compared with 102.84 ±10.41 Δ0d/g/min in group II ( p = 0.002). Conclusions . Leukocyte depletion of the blood reperfusate protects against microvascular permeability and significantly improves pulmonary graft function. The neutrophil plays a major role in amplifying lung injury later during reperfusion, and this lung ischemia reperfusion injury may be reversed through the interruption of the inflammatory cascade and the interference with neutrophil infiltration.
Experimental Study on Gas Atmosphere near Side Walls of Swirl Opposed Supercritical Boiler

High temperature corrosion of metal material was found on the side water-walls of a swirl-opposed firing supercritical boiler. The gas atmosphere near the side wall has great relationship with the high temperature corrosion. Test holes were installed on the side walls to form an experimental system. The gas compositions near the side walls were analyzed under different combustion conditions. High CO concentration is detected near the side walls. The effects of the operation states of burners on the CO concentration near side walls were tested. High over-fire air quantity results in strong reducing atmosphere of the test area. The adjusting method to control the atmosphere is suggested.
Infant Cries As Evolutionary Melodrama: Extortion or Deception?

Crying is melodramatic in the sense that crying babies seem to respond to a great variety of distressing situations with behaviors, such as gasping, choking, and panting that would be appropriate to a very specific respiratory emergency. In this paper we develop models to explore whether extortion or deception is the more plausible origin of the melodrama in a baby's cry. According to these models, deception seems a more plausible origin than extortion because extortion requires the incoherent assumption that nature can select against the genetic interests of an organism. By comparison, the assumptions required to rationalize a deception explanation — that the parent share in the benefits given to its offspring — seem relatively harmless and consistent with contemporary sociobiological theory.
Reduced Catechol-O-Methyltransferase Activity in Red Blood Cells of Women with Primary Affective Disorder

Red blood cell catechol-O-methyltransferase, histamine-N-methyltransferase, and a methanol-forming enzyme were examined in a number of subjects with mental diseases. Catechol-O-methyltransferase activity was significantly reduced in female subjects with primary affective disorder (depression) as compared to normal women and men, men with primary affective disorder, and schizophrenic men and women. In depressed women, histamine-N-methyltransferase activity was elevated and the methanol-forming enzyme was unchanged.
Observation of delocalization intensity in the infrared bands of the formate ion

Abstract Some infrared intensity measurements for crystalline sodium d -formate are presented and discussed in terms of valence coordinate dipole derivatives and delocalization effects within the π-electron system. A procedure for separating delocalization intensity is outlined and applied to this system. A model that assumes delocalization for symmetric as well as asymmetric CO stretching seems to conform best to the experimental dipole derivatives.
Cross sections for production of H− in H0+Cs collisions

Abstract Low energy total and differential cross sections are calculated for the H 0 +Cs→H − +Cs + reaction. Acceptance angles required to observe the H − formation process are presented and indicate the importance of large angle scattering at energies less than 0.2 keV.
Air‐sea CO2 exchange in the equatorial Pacific

surface solubility. The wind speed was 6.0 ± 1.3 m s � 1 , and the atmospheric boundary layer was unstable with conditions over the range � 1 < z/L < 0. Diurnal heat fluxes generated daytime surface ocean stratification and subsequent large nighttime buoyancy fluxes. The average CO2 flux from the ocean to the atmosphere was determined to be 3.9 mol m � 2 yr � 1 , with nighttime CO2 fluxes increasing by 40% over daytime values because of a strong nighttime increase in (vertical) convective velocities. The 15 days of air-sea flux measurements taken during GasEx-2001 demonstrate some of the systematic environmental trends of the eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean. The fact that other physical processes, in addition to wind, were observed to control the rate of CO2 transfer from the ocean to the atmosphere indicates that these processes need to be taken into account in local and global biogeochemical models. These local processes can vary on regional and global scales. The GasEx-2001 results show a weak wind dependence but a strong variability in processes governed by the diurnal heating cycle. This implies that any changes in the incident radiation, including atmospheric cloud dynamics, phytoplankton biomass, and surface ocean stratification may have significant feedbacks on theamount andvariability ofair-sea gasexchange.Thisisinsharp contrastwith previous field studies of air-sea gas exchange, which showed that wind was the dominating forcing function. The results suggest that gas transfer parameterizations that rely solely on wind will be insufficient for regions with low to intermediate winds and strong insolation. INDEX TERMS: 0312 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Air/sea constituent fluxes (3339,4504);3307MeteorologyandAtmosphericDynamics:Boundarylayerprocesses;3339Meteorologyand Atmospheric Dynamics: Ocean/atmosphere interactions (0312, 4504); 4231 Oceanography: General: Equatorial oceanography; 4227 Oceanography: General: Diurnal, seasonal, and annual cycles; KEYWORDS: air-sea carbon dioxide fluxes, equatorial Pacific, direct covariance technique, profile flux technique, diurnal surface layer
Motion of two rigid bodies with rolling constraint

The motion of two rigid bodies under rolling constraint is considered. In particular, the following two problems are addressed: (1) given the geometry of the rigid bodies, determine the existence of an admissible path between two contact configurations; and (2) assuming that an admissible path exists, find such a path. First, the configuration space of contact is defined, and the differential equations governing the rolling constraint are derived. Then, a generalized version of Frobenius's theorem, known as Chow's theorem, for determining the existence of motion is applied. Finally, an algorithm is proposed that generates a desired path with one of the objects being flat. Potential applications of this study include adjusting grasp configurations of a multifingered robot hand without slipping, contour following without dissipation or wear by the end-effector of a manipulator, and wheeled mobile robotics. >
Direct Evidence of Particle Migration in the Soil Solution of a Podzol

Particles were isolated from soil leachates from the genetic horizons of a subalpine Podzol from the central Cascades, Washington. Organic particles containing traces of aluminum, iron, silicon, and sulfur were predominant in the migrant material through the upper horizons (horizons A + B); their movement was arrested in the B2hir horizon. Below B2hir and at depth, phyllosilicates, quartz, and silicate minerals were the predominant suspended materials. Elements of the podzolic mechanism and the duality of the B2hir horizon are shown.
Real-time color duplex scanning after sclerotherapy of the greater saphenous vein

A color real-time duplex scanner was used to scan the greater saphenous vein in 89 limbs of 55 patients to study the efficacy of prior greater saphenous vein sclerotherapy. The greater saphenous vein was insonated from the saphenofemoral junction to the knee to evaluate both reflux to a standardized 30 mm Hg Valsalva maneuver and evidence of greater saphenous vein obliteration by sclerotherapy. These data were correlated with the number of sclerosing injections used (mean, 1.8; range, 1 to 6), time from the last injection (mean, 27.5 mo.; range, 3 to 55 mo), and concentration of injectant used (0.5% to 3% sodium tetradecyl sulfate). Fifty-one of 89 injected limbs (57%) demonstrated reflux through the saphenofemoral junction, and reflux down the more distal greater saphenous vein was found in 67 of 89 injected limbs (75%). Greater saphenous vein obliteration was noted in only 18 of 89 injected limbs (20%); two were totally obliterated, and 16 were partially obliterated. The greater saphenous vein was obliterated in 6% below a refluxing saphenofemoral junction and in 40% below a nonrefluxing junction. A greater saphenous vein obliteration rate of 9% was found with a refluxing greater saphenous vein, and 50% in a nonrefluxing greater saphenous vein. Femoral vein reflux was identified in 11 of the 110 limbs (10%) and in every case was associated with both saphenofemoral junction and greater saphenous vein reflux. We noted a trend toward more successful results with more concentrated injectate (3% sodium tetradecyl sulfate). Fifty percent of patients reported improvement in symptoms.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Insect bioassay for determining soil degradation of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki CryIA(b) protein in corn tissue

A bioassay using larval growth inhibition of Heliothis virescens (F.) was used to study the environmental fate (=soil degradation) of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki CryIA(b) protein in transgenic corn plant tissue (transgenic corn). Transgenic corn was incubated for up to 43 d, with and without contact with soil, in a chamber maintaining warm (24-27°C) and humid (>80% RH) conditions. Incubation was terminated by moving the transgenic corn to -80°C. A series of dilutions was made from each incubated sample, mixed into artificial insect diet, and fed to neonate H. virescens. Weights of treated larvae were scored after 7 d growth at 28°C, and the bioactivity of CryIA(b) protein in the samples was determined using regression analysis of the dose-weight response data. The insect bioassay approach allowed for nearly complete recovery of CryIA(b) protein bioactivity in a transgenic corn + soil matrix or transgenic corn incubated without soil contact. CryIA(b) protein added to soil as a component of transgenic corn tissue had an estimated DT 50 (50% dissipation time = 'half-life') of 1.6 d and a DT 90 (90% dissipation time) of 15 d. CryIA(b) protein in transgenic corn tissue incubated without soil contact, had an estimated DT50 of 25.6 d and a DT 90 of 40.7 d. The results suggest that cryIA(b) protein, as a component of postharvest transgenic corn plants, will dissipate readily on the surface of, or cultivated into, soil.