cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A test of the diathesis-stress model in the emergency department: Who develops PTSD after an acute coronary syndrome?

Abstract Most acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients first present to the emergency department (ED). Patients who present to overcrowded EDs develop more posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms due to the ACS than do patients who present to less crowded EDs, but no research has indicated whether some patients may be more vulnerable to the effects of ED crowding than others. In an observational cohort study, we tested whether depressed patients developed more ACS-induced PTSD symptoms under conditions of ED overcrowding than patients who had never been depressed. We conducted psychiatric interviews for current and past depression in 189 ACS patients admitted through the ED within a week of hospitalization, and screened for PTSD symptoms 1 month later using the Impact of Events Scale-Revised. The sum of ED admissions for the 12 h prior to and 12 h after each participant's admission was categorized into tertiles for analysis. In a 3 (ED crowding tertile) by 3 (never, past, current depression) analysis of covariance adjusted for demographic and clinical factors, we found significant effects for ED crowding, depression status, and their interaction (all p's
Safety Assurance Factors for Electronic Health Record Resilience (SAFER): study protocol.

Implementation and use of electronic health records (EHRs) could lead to potential improvements in quality of care. However, the use of EHRs also introduces unique and often unexpected patient safety risks. Proactive assessment of risks and vulnerabilities can help address potential EHR-related safety hazards before harm occurs; however, current risk assessment methods are underdeveloped. The overall objective of this project is to develop and validate proactive assessment tools to ensure that EHR-enabled clinical work systems are safe and effective.
The political geography of macro-level turnout in American political development

Abstract Aggregate turnout rates are among the central indicators of democratic performance in the American polity. Despite the considerable implications of macro turnout, however, most studies of turnout focus instead on the micro level. As a consequence, we know little about how local, political, and historical influences have impacted turnout over the course of American political development. The result is a somewhat impoverished conception of turnout that often removes the political from political participation. In this article, I argue for a new, macro-level perspective that highlights the political dimension of turnout by placing turnout in the local political settings in which it has taken place. I contrast two competing explanations of macro turnout variation across local electorates, a political account and Elazar's cultural thesis, and discuss their implications for the political geography of macro turnout in American electoral history. I then examine this political geography by employing a local indicator of spatial association (a LISA statistic) to identify the spatial structuring of macro turnout in the United States from 1828 through 2000. I demonstrate that a political perspective provides greater leverage than Elazar's cultural perspective in explaining the political geography of macro turnout in the United States.
Layer selective presynaptic modulation of excitatory inputs to hippocampal cornu Ammon 1 by μ-opioid receptor activation

Chronic and acute activation of mu-opioid receptors (MOR) in hippocampal cornu Ammon 1 (CA1) disrupts rhythmic activity, alters activity-dependent synaptic plasticity and impairs spatial memory formation. In CA1, MORs act by hyperpolarizing inhibitory interneurons and suppressing inhibitory synaptic transmission. MOR modulation of inhibitory synaptic function translates into an increase in excitatory activity in all layers of CA1. However, the exact anatomical sites for MOR actions are not completely known. Therefore, we used voltage-sensitive dye imaging, whole cell patch clamping, photolysis of alpha-carboxy-2-nitrobenzyl ester, trifluoroacetic acid salt (CNB) -caged GABA, and micro-sectioned slices of rat hippocampus to investigate the effect of MOR activation in CA1. First, we investigated the effect of MOR activation using a MOR agonist [d-Ala2, NMe-Phe4, Gly-ol5]-enkephalin (DAMGO) on the direct activation of GABA receptors by photolysis of CNB-caged GABA in all layers of CA1. MOR activation did not affect hyperpolarizations due to direct GABA receptor activation in any layer of CA1, but MOR activation did suppress GABAergic inhibitory postsynaptic potentials suggesting that MOR activation acts by presynaptically inhibiting interneuron function. We next examined whether MOR activation was equivalently effective in all anatomical layers of CA1. To do this, cuts were made between anatomical layers of CA1 and isolated layers were stimulated electrically (five pulses at 20 Hz) to produce excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs). Under these conditions, MOR activation significantly increased EPSP areas in stratum radiatum (SR), stratum pyramidale (SP) and stratum oriens (SO) relative to stratum lacunosum-moleculare (SLM). When compared with the effect of GABA(A) and GABA(B) receptor antagonists on EPSP areas, the effect of DAMGO was proportionately larger in SR, SP and SO than in SLM. We conclude that MOR activation is more effective at directly modulating activity in SR, SP and SO, and the smaller effect in SLM is likely due to a smaller MOR inhibition of GABA release in SLM.
Corticosteroids: options in the era of steroid-sparing therapy.

Topical corticosteroids remain the most commonly used topical treatments for inflammatory dermatoses, including psoriasis and atopic dermatitis. Topical corticosteroids are available in a variety of vehicles—creams, ointments, lotions, gels, and, more recently, foam. The vehicle used can substantially affect the individual agent's clinical action, potency, and acceptability to the patient. Moreover, some vehicles are better suited for specific body areas. Selection of the appropriate product should be determined by area of usage, physician experience, cost, and patient preference, particularly regarding vehicle. Although topical corticosteroids are associated with several side effects, including skin atrophy, telangiectases, purpura, and striae formation, appropriate usage can minimize these occurrences. Judicious use includes short-term, appropriate application as initial monotherapy or in combination strategies with other therapeutic agents that ideally possess complementing mechanisms of action. Examples include pulsing with high-potency topical corticosteroids and combination regimens with other topical agents such as topical calcineurin inhibitors, calcipotriene, or tazarotene. Appropriate education of patients and caregivers alike will facilitate the optimal use of these medications.
Fifty-two consecutive aortic valve replacements employing local deep hypothermia.

From August, 1972, to May, 1974, 52 consecutive aortic valves were replaced with the Bjork-Shiley tilting-disc prosthesis. The hospital mortality was zero. Patients ranged in age from 14 to 77 years, and 19 patients had simultaneous correction of associated cardiac lesions. Using techniques of low flow and local deep hypothermia, aortic valve replacement can be accomplished with little risk even in patients with associated coronary arteriosclerosis. Coronary artery perfusion is unnecessary and often hazardous. Follow-up periods vary from one to twenty-one months. Forty-nine patients are alive and substantially improved.
Exemplar-Based Sparse Representation Features: From TIMIT to LVCSR

The use of exemplar-based methods, such as support vector machines (SVMs), k-nearest neighbors (kNNs) and sparse representations (SRs), in speech recognition has thus far been limited. Exemplar-based techniques utilize information about individual training examples and are computationally expensive, making it particularly difficult to investigate these methods on large-vocabulary continuous speech recognition (LVCSR) tasks. While research in LVCSR provides a good testbed to tackle real-world speech recognition problems, research in this area suffers from two main drawbacks. First, the overall complexity of an LVCSR system makes error analysis quite difficult. Second, exploring new research ideas on LVCSR tasks involves training and testing state-of-the-art LVCSR systems, which can render a large turnaround time. This makes a small vocabulary task such as TIMIT more appealing. TIMIT provides a phonetically rich and hand-labeled corpus that allows easy insight into new algorithms. However, research ideas explored for small vocabulary tasks do not always provide gains on LVCSR systems. In this paper, we combine the advantages of using both small and large vocabulary tasks by taking well-established techniques used in LVCSR systems and applying them on TIMIT to establish a new baseline. We then utilize these existing LVCSR techniques in creating a novel set of exemplar-based sparse representation (SR) features. Using these existing LVCSR techniques, we achieve a phonetic error rate (PER) of 19.4% on the TIMIT task. The additional use of SR features reduce the PER to 18.6%. We then explore applying the SR features to a large vocabulary Broadcast News task, where we achieve a 0.3% absolute reduction in word error rate (WER).
Hormone-pheromone relationships in the beetle, Tenebrio molitor

A study was undertaken to determine the role, if any, of the neuroendocrine system in the production of a sex pheromone by adult females of Tenebrio molitor. The corpora allata, brain, the entire head, the frontal ganglion, or the ovaries were removed from newly emerged females. Ten to 14 days after the operation the pheromone content of these females was estimated in comparison with that of appropriate controls by biological assay. The pheromone activity of the extracts from females subjected to allatectomy and/or brain removal, or to decapitation, was significantly decreased when compared with sham-operated controls or normals. Reimplantation of the corpora allata or brain did not restore the pheromone level. However, treatment with juvenile hormone analogues was able to counter the effect of the operations. Removal of the frontal ganglion or the ovaries did not have any significant effect. The experimental results indicate that the secretion of the corpus allatum (juvenile hormone) is directly involved in the control of pheromone secretion; an intact brain-corpus allatum axis appears to be essential for normal production of pheromone by female T. molitor.
Compact fusion advanced Rankine (CFARII) power cycle-operating regimes

The performance (cost/kWe and efficiency) of generic compact fusion advanced Rankine (CFARII) power conversion is investigated for various working fluids, operating temperatures and pressures, and thermal power levels. Good CFARII performance is found for a remarkably broad range of materials, temperatures, pressures and power levels, which gives considerable flexibility to future design studies which may apply CFARII energy conversion to specific fusion energy sources such as ICF (inertial confinement fusion), MICF, and Mini-PACER. Specifically, in future designs that would apply CFARII power conversion to particular reactor designs, there is considerable flexibility to choose combinations of materials and operating conditions to accommodate other reactor design constraints, and therefore, a greater chance of finding a combination that meets all engineering and physics constraints while still achieving attractive efficiency and low cost. The economic robustness of CFARII is directly related to its extremely high mass power density, and the high efficiency ( eta /sub MHD/>or approximately=50%) of CFARII relative to previous MHD (magnetohydrodynamic) generator design and experiments is due to the higher temperatures of 1 to 3 eV made possible by direct coupling of nuclear energy release to the working fluid material. >
A survey of virtual LAN usage in campus networks

VLANs are widely used in today's enterprise networks to improve Ethernet scalability and support network policies. However, manuals and textbooks offer very little information about how VLANs are actually used in practice. Through discussions with network administrators and analysis of configuration data, we describe how three university campuses and one academic department use VLANs to achieve a variety of goals. We argue that VLANs are ill-suited to some of these goals (e.g., VLANs are often used to realize access control policies, but constrain the types of policies that can be expressed). Furthermore, the use of VLANs leads to significant complexity in the configuration of network devices.
Experimental hybridization and chromosome pairing in Kosteletzkya (Malvaceae, Malvoideae, Hibisceae), and possible implications for phylogeny and phytogeography in the genus.

Kosteletzkya C. Presl, 1835 (Malvaceae, Malvoideae, Hibisceae) includes 17 species, all but two of which are about evenly distributed between Africa and the northern Neotropics. Fifteen of the species were brought into cultivation and used in a hybridization program in an attempt to shed light on evolutionary and phytogeographic relationships in the genus. Chromosome pairing (x = 19) at meiosis was examined in 51 of the 56 interspecific hybrids that were produced, and the seven New World species, all diploids, were found to exhibit nearly complete pairing among themselves, indicating that they share a genome. By contrast the three African diploids showed low levels of chromosome pairing in crosses among themselves, leading to the recognition here of three distinct genomes, newly designated A, B and G. The African B-genome diploid, Kosteletzkya buettneri Gurke, 1889, was found to share its genome with the New World species. Four other African species are known to be tetraploids and a fifth, a hexaploid. The results of chromosome pairing in hybrids among all of the African species at all ploidy levels, plus the discovery of a spontaneously tetraploidized experimental intergenomic African diploid hybrid, suggest that three of the four tetraploids and the single hexaploid might all be allopolyploids built on the three known extant genomes. The fourth tetraploid paired poorly or moderately with these three genomes. Results are consistent with the hypothesis that Kosteletzkya arose in Africa, radiated at the diploid level, underwent natural interspecific hybridization, produced two tiers of allopolyploids, and at some more recent time dispersed a B-genome diploid to the New World where it underwent another radiation at the diploid level. Structural features of the fruits suggest adaptations for passive distribution by animals, potentially over long distances.
From Egg to Gastrula: How the Cell Cycle Is Remodeled During the Drosophila Mid-Blastula Transition

Many, if not most, embryos begin development with extremely short cell cycles that exhibit unusually rapid DNA replication and no gap phases. The commitment to the cell cycle in the early embryo appears to preclude many other cellular processes that only emerge as the cell cycle slows just prior to gastrulation at a major embryonic transition known as the mid-blastula transition (MBT). As reviewed here, genetic and molecular studies in Drosophila have identified changes that extend S phase and introduce a post-replicative gap phase, G2, to slow the cell cycle. Although many mysteries remain about the upstream regulators of these changes, we review the core mechanisms of the change in cell cycle regulation and discuss advances in our understanding of how these might be timed and triggered. Finally, we consider how the elements of this program may be conserved or changed in other organisms.
A case of SIADH and hyponatremia associated with citalopram.

Received October 16, 2001; revised December 4, 2001; accepted January 31, 2002. From the Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Davis, 2230 Stockton Boulevard, Sacramento, California 95817. Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Bourgeois, Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Davis, 2230 Stockton Boulevard, Sacramento, CA 95817; E-mail: James.bourgeois@ucdmc.ucdavis.edu. We report a case of hyponatremia due to the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) following citalopram use. The patient improved with discontinuation of citalopram and self-correction of his hyponatremia. Physicians prescribing SSRIs should be aware of this infrequent but significant side effect.
The Customer Profitability Implications of Customer Satisfaction

Alternative schools of thought exist about the relation between quality and profitability. The "quality is free" school argues that outlays on improving quality consistently yield positive returns. An alternative (economics) perspective is that firms can make outlays on quality that do not yield positive returns. Beyond a certain point the returns from increasing quality do not exceed the costs. This paper presents evidence consistent with the economic school. We analyze customer satisfaction and customer profitability data for a beverage distribution company. Time-series, cross-sectional and lead-lag tests are presented. We find that customers who are more satisfied with the distributor have higher unit volume purchases but not higher profits (net of customer service costs) to the distributor. The findings have importance for the selection and evaluation of programs designed to improve customer satisfaction, and for the design of performance measures in general and balanced scorecards in particular.
Multihop/Direct Forwarding (MDF) for static wireless sensor networks

The success of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) depends largely on efficient information delivery from target areas toward data sinks. The problem of data forwarding is complicated by the severe energy constraints of sensors in WSNs. In this work, we propose and analyze a data forwarding scheme, termed Multihop/Direct Forwarding (MDF), for WSNs where sensor nodes forward data traffic toward a common data sink. In the MDF scheme, a node splits outgoing traffic into at most two branches: one is sent to a node that is h units away; the other is sent directly to the data sink. The value of h is chosen to minimize the overall energy consumption of the network. The direct transmission is employed to balance the energy consumption of nodes at different locations and to avoid the so-called hot spot problem in data forwarding. In order to calculate its traffic splitting ratio, a node only needs to know the distance toward the common data sink and that of the farthest node. Our analytical and simulation results show that the MDF scheme performs close to, in terms of energy efficiency and network lifetime, the optimum data forwarding rules, which are more complex and computation intensive.
A nosocomial outbreak of infections due to multiply resistant Proteus mirabilis: role of intestinal colonization as a major reservoir.

An outbreak of nosocomial infections involving an unusual strain of multiply resistant Proteus mirabilis (phage type 8888) occurred in 15 patients, 14 of whom were in the surgical intensive care unit at that time. No common source of infection was identified, and person-to-person transmission was the most likely mode of spread. Case-control analysis indicated a significantly increased risk of infection related to length of hospital stay (P <0.005), number of operations (P < 0.005), proximity to another case (P < 0.01), number of antibiotics received (P < 0.02), and use of a respirator (P < 0.01). Only the number of operations (P < 0.01) and proximity to another case (P < 0.05) remained significant risk factors when related parameters were controlled by multivariate analysis. Thirteen of 14 patients prospectively cultured were colonized by the epidemic organism in the intestinal tract, while rectal carriage preceded infection by the same strain in at least four patients. These data suggest that intestinal colonization may have been an important reservoir for this outbreak, and the findings may explain the unduly prolonged course of intrahospital spread as well as the difficulty encountered in the eradication and control of the outbreak.
A Cyclic Vernier TDC for ADPLLs Synthesized From a Standard Cell Library

This paper presents a cyclic Vernier time-to-digital converter (TDC) with digitally controlled oscillators (DCOs), targeted for a synthesizable all-digital phase locked loop (ADPLL). All functional blocks in the TDC are implemented with digital standard cells and placed-and-routed (PR thus, the TDC is portable and scalable to other process technologies. The effect of P&R mismatch is characterized in calibration mode, and utilized to achieve a minimum TDC resolution of 5.5 ps. The TDC was fabricated in a 65 nm CMOS process, and occupies 0.006 mm2.
WEB-based GEne SeT AnaLysis Toolkit (WebGestalt): update 2013

Functional enrichment analysis is an essential task for the interpretation of gene lists derived from large-scale genetic, transcriptomic and proteomic studies. WebGestalt (WEB-based GEne SeT AnaLysis Toolkit) has become one of the popular software tools in this field since its publication in 2005. For the last 7 years, WebGestalt data holdings have grown substantially to satisfy the requirements of users from different research areas. The current version of WebGestalt supports 8 organisms and 201 gene identifiers from various databases and different technology platforms, making it directly available to the fast growing omics community. Meanwhile, by integrating functional categories derived from centrally and publicly curated databases as well as computational analyses, WebGestalt has significantly increased the coverage of functional categories in various biological contexts including Gene Ontology, pathway, network module, gene-phenotype association, gene-disease association, gene-drug association and chromosomal location, leading to a total of 78 612 functional categories. Finally, new interactive features, such as pathway map, hierarchical network visualization and phenotype ontology visualization have been added to WebGestalt to help users better understand the enrichment results. WebGestalt can be freely accessed through http://www.webgestalt.org or http://bioinfo.vanderbilt.edu/webgestalt/.
Cognitive Apprenticeship for Learners with Special Needs: An Alternate Framework for Teaching and Learning

Cognitive apprenticeship emphasizes a combination of authentic problem-solving experiences with expert guidance in lieu of decontextualized instruction. As an instructional approach, cognitive apprenticeship can support the acquisition, use, and transfer of basic and advanced cognitive skills required in school and adult life by learners with special needs. This article first examines assumptions of teaching and learning that may have a negative impact on the education and postschool success of special populations. From this overview, several emerging aspects of cognitive science considered germane to advanced thinking are identified and reviewed. A model of cognitive apprenticeship is then described as a practical means of providing academic instruction to students with special learning needs. Lastly, implications of adopting this instructional approach with special populations are discussed.
A SPINNING POLARIZER AND SPINNING ANALYZER METHOD FOR VISUALIZING THE ISOCHROMATES IN CONOSCOPIC INTERFEROMETERS

We have developed a spinning polarizer and spinning analyzer (SPSA) method to visualize the whole isochromatic fringes in conoscopic interferometers for the study of optically anisotropic materials. This simple method completely eliminates the broad and dark isogyre fringes appearing in a conventional conoscopic interferometer where a linear polarizer and a linear analyzer (LPLA) are used. Our method allows the direct visualization of the isochromates on the viewing screen by eyes in real time, without the need of additional optics or detectors other than those used in a conventional conoscopic interferometer, and no additional computation is required. This method works at any polarization state of the input light, and at any wavelength permitted by the polarizers. In the case of polychromatic illumination our method reveals the isochromates of all colors indiscriminatively, in comparison to the method of circular polarizer and circular analyzer (CPCA), which is considerably subject to spectrum modulation due to the dispersion in the retardation of the quarter-wave plates. The proposed method is demonstrated in a lithium niobate (LiNbO3) crystal driven by an external electric field.
Piecewise parametric interpolation for temporal compression of multijoint movement trajectories

Computer animation of sign language used by deaf individuals has been produced from 51 time-varying trajectories of the fingertips, the centers of rotation of the joints of the hands and arms, and facial landmarks. These trajectories are sampled at 1/5th the NTSC video frame rate and interpolated using piecewise sequences of cubic Bezier splines. The resulting trajectories are used to control sparse, stick figure animations of sign language resulting in considerable spatiotemporal compression with intelligibility in the range of 90%. This method introduces an additional 5:1 compression in the temporal domain that has not been previously exploited, and is potentially useful in sign language telecommunication, multimedia presentations, and gesture recognition
Epidemiology of Dengue among Children Aged < 18 Months—Puerto Rico, 1999–2011

Dengue, a mosquito-borne viral illness caused by dengue virus types (DENV)-1 to DENV-4, is endemic in Puerto Rico. Severe dengue usually occurs in individuals previously infected with DENV or among infants born to previously infected mothers. To describe clinical features of dengue in infants, we retrospectively characterized dengue patients aged < 18 months reported to the Passive Dengue Surveillance System (PDSS) during 1999-2011. To determine frequency of signs, symptoms, and disease severity, case report forms and medical records were evaluated for patients who tested positive for dengue by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction or anti-DENV immunoglobulin Menzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Of 4,178 reported patients aged < 18 months, 813 (19%) were laboratory positive. Of these, most had fever (92%), rash (53%), bleeding manifestations (52%), and thrombocytopenia (52%). Medical records were available for 145 (31%) of 472 hospitalized patients, of which 40% had dengue, 23% had dengue with warning signs, and 33% had severe dengue. Mean age of patients with severe dengue was 8 months. Anti-DENV immunoglobulin G (IgG) titers were not statistically different in patients with (50%) and without (59%) severe dengue. In this study, one-third of DENV-infected infants met the severe dengue case definition. The role of maternal anti-DENV IgG in development of severe disease warrants further study in prospective cohorts of mother-infant pairs.
Identification and Validation of Loa loa Microfilaria-Specific Biomarkers: a Rational Design Approach Using Proteomics and Novel Immunoassays

ABSTRACT Immunoassays are currently needed to quantify Loa loa microfilariae (mf). To address this need, we have conducted proteomic and bioinformatic analyses of proteins present in the urine of a Loa mf-infected patient and used this information to identify putative biomarkers produced by L. loa mf. In total, 70 of the 15,444 described putative L. loa proteins were identified. Of these 70, 18 were L. loa mf specific, and 2 of these 18 (LOAG_16297 and LOAG_17808) were biologically immunogenic. We developed novel reverse luciferase immunoprecipitation system (LIPS) immunoassays to quantify these 2 proteins in individual plasma samples. Levels of these 2 proteins in microfilaremic L. loa-infected patients were positively correlated to mf densities in the corresponding blood samples (r = 0.71 and P IMPORTANCELoa loa, the causative agent of loiasis, is a parasitic nematode transmitted to humans by the tabanid Chrysops fly. Some individuals infected with L. loa microfilariae (mf) in high densities are known to experience post-ivermectin severe adverse events (SAEs [encephalopathy, coma, or death]). Thus, ivermectin-based mass drug administration (MDA) programs for onchocerciasis and for lymphatic filariasis control have been interrupted in parts of Africa where these filarial infections coexist with L. loa. To allow for implementation of MDA for onchocerciasis and lymphatic filariasis, tools that can accurately identify people at risk of developing post-ivermectin SAEs are needed. Our study, using host-based proteomics in combination with novel immunoassays, identified a single Loa-specific antigen (LOAG_16297) that can be used as a biomarker for the prediction of L. loa mf levels in the blood of infected patients. Therefore, the use of such biomarker could be important in the point-of-care assessment of L. loa mf densities.
Angiolipoma of the palate: Report of a case

Abstract Angiolipoma is a common tumor that is usually found on the trunk and extremities. On rare occasions, this tumor will occur in the maxillofacial region. A case in which an angiolipoma occurred on the palate of an 8-year-old girl is presented. There are two different types of angiolipoma—an infiltrating and a noninfiltrating type. Both of these types and their treatment are discussed.
Oviposition, development, and survivorship of Encarsia pergandiella (hymenoptera: aphelinidae) in four instars of Bemisia argentifolii (homoptera: aleyrodidae)

Oviposition, development, and mortality of Encarsia pergandiella Howard in the 4 instars of Bemisia argentifolii Bellows & Perring were evaluated under choice and no-choice conditions in the laboratory. E. pergandiella oviposited in all nymphal stages of B. argentifolii , but preferred 3rd and 4th instars. Regardless of host stage parasitized, adult wasps emerged from host pupae. The costs of oviposition in younger instars were delayed development, presumably to allow for growth and maturation of the host, and increased mortality of both parasitoid and host. Our results indicate that E. pergandiella can successfully exploit whitefly populations of both high and low densities by favoring large hosts of high quality when abundant, but shifting to, and successfully exploiting younger instar hosts of lower quality when necessary.
Recent advances toward a general purpose linear-scaling quantum force field.

ConspectusThere is need in the molecular simulation community to develop new quantum mechanical (QM) methods that can be routinely applied to the simulation of large molecular systems in complex, heterogeneous condensed phase environments. Although conventional methods, such as the hybrid quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical (QM/MM) method, are adequate for many problems, there remain other applications that demand a fully quantum mechanical approach. QM methods are generally required in applications that involve changes in electronic structure, such as when chemical bond formation or cleavage occurs, when molecules respond to one another through polarization or charge transfer, or when matter interacts with electromagnetic fields. A full QM treatment, rather than QM/MM, is necessary when these features present themselves over a wide spatial range that, in some cases, may span the entire system. Specific examples include the study of catalytic events that involve delocalized changes in chemical bonds, ...
The influence of gender and gender typicality on autobiographical memory across event types and age groups.

Gender differences in autobiographical memory emerge in some data collection paradigms and not others. The present study included an extensive analysis of gender differences in autobiographical narratives. Data were collected from 196 participants, evenly split by gender and by age group (emerging adults, ages 18–29, and young adults, ages 30–40). Each participant reported four narratives, including an event that had occurred in the last 2 years, a high point, a low point, and a self-defining memory. Additionally, all participants completed self-report measures of masculine and feminine gender typicality. The narratives were coded along six dimensions—namely coherence, connectedness, agency, affect, factual elaboration, and interpretive elaboration. The results indicated that females expressed more affect, connection, and factual elaboration than males across all narratives, and that feminine typicality predicted increased connectedness in narratives. Masculine typicality predicted higher agency, lower connectedness, and lower affect, but only for some narratives and not others. These findings support an approach that views autobiographical reminiscing as a feminine-typed activity and that identifies gender differences as being linked to categorical gender, but also to one’s feminine gender typicality, whereas the influences of masculine gender typicality were more context-dependent. We suggest that implicit gendered socialization and more explicit gender typicality each contribute to gendered autobiographies.
Reading Nature Religiously: Cultivating Environmental Virtue through Lectio Divina

Our ability to live well depends not only on what we do, but also on who we are. With respect to human-land relationships, we need to become more virtuous. And virtue is cultivated through practice. This paper transforms classical spiritual reading practices into a means of cultivating environmental virtue. Lectio divina is a longstanding practice for reading scripture religiously, motivated by a desire to come to a deeper understanding of and richer relationship with the sacred dimensions of experience. I describe an adaptation of lectio divina suitable for reading nature religiously and offer two illustrations. By reading nature religiously, we may develop environmental virtues, becoming more attentive, more thoughtful, more committed, more reverent, and more humble as we encounter the natural world. This model of a practice for cultivating environmental virtue enriches an essential aspect of environmental ethics, enhancing our prospects for attaining human and ecological flourishing.
WE-AB-BRB-00: Session in Memory of Robert J. Shalek: High Resolution Dosimetry from 2D to 3D to Real-Time 3D

Despite widespread IMRT treatments at modern radiation therapy clinics, precise dosimetric commissioning of an IMRT system remains a challenge. In the most recent report from the Radiological Physics Center (RPC), nearly 20% of institutions failed an end-to-end test with an anthropomorphic head and neck phantom, a test that has rather lenient dose difference and distance-to-agreement criteria of 7% and 4 mm. The RPC report provides strong evidence that IMRT implementation is prone to error and that improved quality assurance tools are required. At the heart of radiation therapy dosimetry is the multidimensional dosimeter. However, due to the limited availability of water-equivalent dosimetry materials, research and development in this important field is challenging. In this session, we will review a few dosimeter developments that are either in the laboratory phase or in the pre-commercialization phase. 1) Radiochromic plastic. Novel formulations exhibit light absorbing optical contrast with very little scatter, enabling faster, broad beam optical CT design. 2) Storage phosphor. After irradiation, the dosimetry panels will be read out using a dedicated 2D scanning apparatus in a non-invasive, electro-optic manner and immediately restored for further use. 3) Liquid scintillator. Scintillators convert the energy from x-rays and proton beams into visible light, which can be recorded with a scientific camera (CCD or CMOS) from multiple angles. The 3D shape of the dose distribution can then be reconstructed. 4) Cherenkov emission imaging. Gated intensified imaging allows video-rate passive detection of Cherenkov emission during radiation therapy with the room lights on. Learning Objectives: 1.To understand the physics of a variety of dosimetry techniques based upon optical imaging 2.To investigate the strategies to overcome respective challenges and limitations 3.To explore novel ideas of dosimeter design Supported in part by NIH Grants R01CA148853, R01CA182450, R01CA109558. Brian Pogue is founder and president of the company DoseOptics LLC, dedicated to developing and commercializing the first dedicated Cerenkov imaging camera and system for radiation dose imaging. Work reported in this talk does not involve the use of DoseOptics technology.; H. Li, this work was supported in part by NIH Grant No. R01CA148853; S. Beddar, NIH funding R01-CA182450
VLDL, IDL, and LDL

Abstract: Mucosal cells of the small intestine synthesize and secrete TG-rich CMs, whereas hepatocytes synthesize and secrete TG-rich VLDLs. Excess VLDL (and CMs) in the circulation gives plasma a turbid appearance. After the TG in VLDL has been largely removed by the action of extrahepatic LPL, the VLDLs become IDLs. IDLs can be converted to LDLs in hepatic sinusoids. LDLs deliver CH to the liver, as well as to extrahepatic tissues. IDLs are usually cleared from the circulation more rapidly than LDLs. LDLs are removed from the circulation by receptor-mediated endocytosis, and by scavenger receptors. LDLs remain in the circulation longer than VLDLs, and their excess may lead to atherosclerotic lesions. Investigations on WHHL rabbits have helped to explain a puzzling feature of FH.
Valuing of Soil Capability in Land Surface Modeling

Land surface models (LSMs) simulate the mass and energy fluxes between the land surface and atmosphere and provide a critical link between hydrological and atmospheric models. In turn, hydrological and atmospheric models are being used to understand implications of policy changes on the global challenges of food, water, and energy security, as well as human health and biodiversity. These policy questions also address how solutions to these challenges might alter under drought and increased climate variability. Hence, LSMs have a broad base of users, for example, the Noah LSM has thousands of users, globally. Nonetheless, the Noah-MP LSM is using soil maps from the early 1990s and assuming vertically homogenous soil that is uniformly deep to 2 m. While it is known that soil water storage capacity and conductivity has a strong influence on energy fluxes, the disconnect is clear between knowledge of soil variability in the soil science community and land surface modeling activities in the atmospheric science community. An important step in securing the soil resource is acknowledging the role of soil in the global challenges. Soil provides a significant source of memory in the climate prediction system, so not having proper linkages and storages has the potential for significantly limiting model prediction accuracy. Currently, LSMs work well to predict climate; however, when policy makers ask the question of how climate variability alters food, water, and energy security, the scale of simulation must change, and answers from the scientific community are confined because soil science knowledge is not well represented in the accepted accounting system (the LSM). Ultimately, a better accounting of soil capability in the soil-plant-water-atmosphere exchanges of energy and mass is vital to soil security and addressing global challenges. In this chapter, we presented a case study that shows how soil information affected LSM’s water and energy flux outputs in eastern Texas, USA.
CD30 distribution : immunohistochemical study on formaldehyde-fixed, paraffin-embedded Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas

Two hundred Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas were immunohistochemically studied for the presence of the CD30 (Ki-1) activation antigen using a monoclonal antibody BerH2 on paraffin-embedded, formaldehyde-fixed tissue. Immunohistochemistry was performed by using the avidin-biotin complex technique and was preceded by enzymatic digestion with pepsin (0.05% for 20 minutes). Ninety percent (56/64) of cases of Hodgkin's disease, other than lymphocyte predominance type, showed positive tumor cells, although the positivity was often focal. In contrast, lymphocyte predominance type showed CD30 in only two of nine cases. CD30 was commonly seen in non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Five of 37 large-cell lymphomas showed extensive CD30 positivity and morphologically represented large-cell anaplastic lymphomas ("Ki-1 lymphomas"). Apart from this, occasional CD30-positive cells were seen in nine of 32 large-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. About half of the nodular small cleaved-cell lymphomas contained CD30-positive cells, two of them showing large numbers of positive cells both within and outside the nodules. Lymphocytic lymphoma sometimes (6/17) showed a few CD30-positive cells. Peripheral T-cell lymphomas showed positive cells in three of eight cases. The positive cases were one lymphoma with small groups of epithelioid cells (Lennert's lymphoma) and two immunoblastic lymphadenopathylike peripheral T-cell lymphomas. The results show that CD30 is more widespread than originally thought in non-Hodgkin's lymphomas and that especially nodular small cleaved-cell lymphomas often contain positive cells. These findings have to be considered in the immunohistochemical differential diagnosis of lymphomas. Obviously, CD30 alone cannot be used to differentiate between Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. The CD30-positive cells in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma may represent a link between Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas.
A rapid method for quantifying cytoplasmic versus nuclear localization in endogenous peripheral blood leukocytes by conventional flow cytometry.

Abstract A biochemical system and method have been developed to enable the quantitative measurement of cytoplasmic versus nuclear localization within cells in whole blood. Compared with the analyses of nuclear localization by western blot or fluorescence microscopy, this system saves a lot of time and resources by eliminating the necessity of purification and culturing steps, and generates data that are free from the errors and artifacts associated with using tumor cell lines or calculating nuclear signals from 2D images. This user-friendly system enables the analysis of cell signaling within peripheral blood cells in their endogenous environment, including measuring the kinetics of nuclear translocation for transcription factors without requiring protein modifications. We first demonstrated the efficiency and specificity of this system for targeting nuclear epitopes, and verified the results by fluorescence microscopy. Next, the power of the technique to analyze LPS-induced signaling in peripheral blood monocytes was demonstrated. Finally, both FoxP3 localization and IL-2-induced STAT5 signaling in regulatory T cells were analyzed. We conclude that this system can be a useful tool for enabling multidimensional molecular-biological analyses of cell signaling within endogenous peripheral blood cells by conventional flow cytometry. © 2017 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
Trigeminal Nerve Imaging

ANATOMY: The trigeminal nerve (TN) is a mixed (motor and sensory) nerve. The TN arises from the mid-lateral surface of the pons. There are four segments of the TN (see Figs. 28.1 and 28.2):
After Nearly A Decade Of Rapid Growth, Use And Complexity Of Imaging Declined, 2008–14

Imaging is an important cost driver in health care, and its use grew rapidly in the early 2000s. Several studies toward the end of the decade suggested that a leveling off was beginning to occur. I...
89 Tlr7 and tlr8 targeted micro-rnas inhibit signalling and suppress inflammation in a novel human-mouse chimeric model of systemic lupus erythematosus

Background and aims We have previously demonstrated that toll-like receptor (TLR)7 and TLR8 are significantly up-regulated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients and can be further induced with oestrogen treatment. It has recently been shown that specific micro-RNA (miR) sequences packaged in extracellular vesicles can stimulate these receptors in addition to the conventional activation by binding single-stranded RNA of viral origin. The aim of this study was to explore the feasibility of using miR antagonists to block TLR7 and TLR8-mediated inflammatory pathways. Methods Human-mouse chimaeras were generated by adoptively transferring PBMCs from active SLE patients into immunodeficient NOD-scid IL-2rγ (null) mice using a modified protocol that we previously established in Sjojren’s syndrome. Prior to transfer, SLE patient PBMCs were treated either with a cocktail of locked nucleic acid antagonists targeting several miRs or nonsense, scrambled controls. At 21 days post-transfer, blood was collected for flow cytometry and cytokine analysis; tissues were processed for histopathological examination by H and E and immunohistochemistry. Results The phenotypic characteristics of various immune cells were similar in both experimental groups; however, inhibition with miR antagonists reduced levels of human IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α relative to scramble (control) treatment. Histopathological analysis revealed that miR antogonists inhibited the robust responses detected with control treatment in the small intestine, liver, and kidney. Further characterisation of infiltrates confirmed the presence human CD3+ T-cells. Conclusions These data establish a novel model to study SLE and provide experimental evidence that TLR7 and TLR8 targeted miR antagonists have therapeutic potential in SLE.
Representations of Novelty and Familiarity in a Mushroom Body Compartment

Animals exhibit a behavioral response to novel sensory stimuli about which they have no prior knowledge. We have examined the neural and behavioral correlates of novelty and familiarity in the olfactory system of Drosophila. Novel odors elicit strong activity in output neurons (MBONs) of the α′3 compartment of the mushroom body that is rapidly suppressed upon repeated exposure to the same odor. This transition in neural activity upon familiarization requires odor-evoked activity in the dopaminergic neuron innervating this compartment. Moreover, exposure of a fly to novel odors evokes an alerting response that can also be elicited by optogenetic activation of α′3 MBONs. Silencing these MBONs eliminates the alerting behavior. These data suggest that the α′3 compartment plays a causal role in the behavioral response to novel and familiar stimuli as a consequence of dopamine-mediated plasticity at the Kenyon cell-MBONα′3 synapse.
GC/MS Analysis of the Aromatic Composition of Gasoline

The gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis of three brands of regular unleaded gasoline was conducted as part of the independent project of an undergraduate journalism major. In his ...
Attenuating the coagulation cascade with annexin A5

Membrane displayed phosphatidylserine (PS) on platelets, microparticles, endothelial cells and erythrocytes is the platform for the coagulation cascade and annexin A5’s great affinity for PS allows it to bind to it and form a shield that can block the cascade. In spite of this significant anticoagulant ability annexin A5 has no therapeutic anticoagulant application. Why?
Actigraphy and PTSD

Insomnia and nightmares are common symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in addition to wakeful symptoms of reexperiencing traumatic events and avoidance of stimuli associated with the trauma. Sleep disturbance is frequently, though not often, the principal focus of therapy in PTSD. Emergence of insomnia following trauma may predict subsequent development of PTSD.