cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Chronic assessment of ALGEL/spl reg/ for endovascular embolization of an arteriovenous malformation model in swine

We sought to assess the stability of ALGEL (Neural Intervention Technologies, Ann Arbor, MI) as an embolic agent in an animal model of a cerebral arteriovenous malformation (AVM). Swine cerebral AVM models were used to test the mechanical stability and biocompatibility of ALGEL as an occlusive agent in a pre-clinical study for up to 6 month survival. The swine cerebral AVM model included a carotid-jugular anastomosis to increase flow to the rete mirabile (RM), thereby simulating the pressure gradient and shunted blood flow of an AVM. ALGEL and the reactive component, calcium chloride, were injected through double-lumen microcatheters to form an RM occlusion in chronic swine models. ALGEL injection blocked blood flow to the inferior portion of the RM, but left flow open to the superior portion of the RM and the circle of Willis. One- and six-month survival results showed that the ALGEL remained a stable occlusive material. Histology results showed a minor bioactive response and encapsulation of ALGEL, thereby increasing the stability and effective occlusion of the embolization material. ALGEL appears to initiate a bioactive response to maintain a stable and long-term endovascular occlusion.
Effects of dynamic or secondary-layer coagulation on ultrafiltration

Abstract This research focused on testing different coagulation pre-treatment techniques to improve membrane filtration in water separations, namely ultrafiltration (UF). These three techniques were 1) conventional coagulation, 2) forming a dynamic, or secondary, coagulant-based layer on the membrane, and 3) injecting the coagulant into the feed line so that it runs inline with the raw water across the membrane. Results showed that the dynamic membrane's mode of operation achieved higher steady state flux values than UF alone and than conventional coagulation pretreatment ahead of UF, while in-line coagulation displayed the worst flux decline. UF alone was ineffective in removing solids and dissolved organic carbon (DOC), while conventional coagulation and dynamic UF modes rejected solids and DOC at similar rates. Through membrane autopsies, irreversible fouling measurements for the dynamic membrane mode were significantly lower than for the conventional coagulation mode. Thus, a coagulant-based dynamic membrane has the potential to be an effective method to improve UF efficiency in water separation applications as well as to decrease pretreatment costs associated with operation. Upon reduction of associated costs, membranes can also become competitive in advanced wastewater treatment and water reuse processes.
Optimality conditions in multiobjective differentiable programming

Necessary conditions not requiring convexity are based on the convergence of a vector at a point and on Motzkin's theorem of the alternative. A constraint qualification is also involved in the establishment of necessary conditions. Three theorems on sufficiency require various levels of convexity on the component of the functions involved, and the equality constraints are not necessarily linear. Scalarization of the objective function is used only in the last sufficiency theorem.
Immunobiologic implication of RANTES in seminal plasma of fertile, infertile and immunoinfertile men.

PROBLEM: To investigate the presence of Regulated on Activation, Normal T Expressed and Secreted (RANTES) in the seminal plasma of fertile, infertile, and immunoinfertile men in order to determine whether it has any role in fertility/infertility and in the modulation of immunogenicity of the sperm cell. METHOD OF STUDY: The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was performed by using a commercially available immunoassay kit to measure RANTES levels in seminal plasma of fertile (n = 28), male-factor infertile (n = 35), and immunoinfertile (n = 21) men. The levels were correlated with various seminal parameters. RESULTS: RANTES was detected in the seminal plasma of fertile, male-factor infertile, and immunoinfertile men. Its levels differed significantly (P 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study indicate that RANTES may have a role in immunomodulation of antigenicity of sperm cells in the male genital tract before ejaculation, and perhaps also in the female genital tract after intercourse. The exact physiologic, pathopysiologic, and molecular mechanism(s) involved in these processes require further study.
Fuel cell systems for transportation: Status and trends

Abstract The U.S. program for the development of direct hydrogen-fueled automotive fuel cell systems has established ambitious performance and cost targets for the 2010 and 2015 time frames. These targets include peak and rated power efficiencies of 60% and 50%, respectively, specific power and power densities of 650 We kg −1 and 650 We L −1 , and manufactured costs of $45 and 30 kWe −1 for 80 kWe −1 net systems in the 2010 and 2015 systems, respectively. In this paper, we discuss the use of fuel cell system models to examine the performance and projected manufactured costs of 2005 systems and the improvements needed to meet the 2010 and 2015 system level targets. It appears possible to meet most of the 2010 performance targets with advances such as the nano-structured thin film electrocatalysts and a modified electrolyte membrane capable of operating at up to 95 °C, at least for short periods. To meet the 2015 targets, however, the fuel cell systems may need to operate without pressurization at higher temperatures of up to 120 °C without the need to humidify the fuel gas and air, along with several other improvements in stack and balance-of-plant components. Our simulations provide quantitative estimates of the various performance and cost parameters of the near-term and the advanced systems that can achieve the targets set for automotive fuel cell system development.
Is non-work travel excessive?

Abstract This paper examines the potential and limitations of extending the excess commuting framework and its associated methods to the analysis of non-work travel. We identify several substantive considerations that differentiate work from non-work travel and point out how these issues impact the broader applicability of the excess commuting framework. The idea that people might optimize their behavior has had a long standing prominence as an applied and operational assumption, in that the classical central place models began with a “nearest” center assumption, though subsequent refinements in spatial interaction theory have allowed a much richer set of analyses. This paper touches on these concepts with reference to activity analysis, optimal multi-purpose tours, school bus travel and district design, and the notion of quasi-constrained behavior in Alonso’s theory of movement.
The Folklore of Spain in the American Southwest: Traditional Spanish Folk Literature in Northern New Mexico and Southern Colorado

Chapters five through seven deal with the California expedition itself; with extensive analysis of cartography; the nature of ships, sailing, and sailors; methods of navigation; and the extant vague "logs" of the voyage. A final chapter is devoted to an analysis of post-voyage hearings and litigation, contemporary accounts, and a historiography of the voyage. Kelsey concludes his book by quite properly stating: "In the grand scheme of Spanish settlement in the New World, Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo played only a supporting role." The author has done an excellent job in documentary analysis as well as in producing a biography of a heretofore elusive figure. Extensive notes and an exhaustive bibliography of manuscripts, books, and periodical articles in Spanish, English, French, and Portuguese reflect the diligent research of the author. A judicious selection of illustrations and maps, and the inclusion of an analytical index enhance the work. Lest it be said that this review is excessively praisworthy, a few "nit picks" may be found in accenting and spelling of Spanish words and names, probably the result of typographical slips; also, there is room to doubt Peninsular Spanish devotion to the Mexican Virgin of Guadalupe as early as 1543, since devotion to the Castillian Virgin of the same name had existed for over a century earlier. Scholarly and readable, nicely printed and bound, this book is a major contribution to the history of Spanish California, and no collection of Californiana is complete without it. It is particularly recommended to the California Portuguese community. University of San Francisco W. MICHAEL MATHES
A formulation strategy for solving the overgranulation problem in high shear wet granulation.

Granules prepared by the high shear wet granulation (HSWG) process commonly exhibit the problem of overgranulation, a phenomenon characterized by a severe loss of the ability to form adequately strong tablet. We hypothesize that the incorporation of brittle excipients promotes brittle fracture of granules during compaction, thereby improving tablet mechanical strength by increasing bonding area. On this basis, we have examined the effectiveness of incorporating a brittle excipient into a plastic matrix in addressing the overgranulation problem. A complete loss of tabletability is observed for plastic microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) when ≥55% of granulating water was used. The incorporation of a brittle excipient, either lactose or dibasic calcium phosphate (Dical) into the MCC matrix leads to improved tabletability in a concentration-dependent manner, with higher amount of brittle excipient being more effective. For each mixture, tablet tensile strength goes through a minimum as the granulating water increases, for example, 1.4 MPa for the mixture containing 80% of lactose and 2.1 MPa for the mixture containing 80% Dical. These results, along with scanning electron microscope evidence, show that the addition of brittle excipients to an otherwise plastic powder is an effective formulation strategy to address the overgranulation problem in HSWG. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. and the American Pharmacists Association J Pharm Sci 103:2434–2440, 2014
The oxyR gene from Erwinia carotovora: cloning, sequence analysis and expression in Escherichia coli

Homologs of the Escherichia coli oxyR gene were identified in several Erwinia species, using a combination of PCR and Southern hybridization analysis. The oxyR gene from Erwinia carotovora was isolated on a cosmid clone and characterized. The gene and deduced gene product shared high level sequence identity with their E. coli counterparts (78 and 89% identity, respectively). In E. coli, the oxyR gene is a transcriptional activator that, under oxidizing conditions, induces expression of a set of oxidative defence genes. OxyR null mutants are, therefore, sensitive to hydrogen peroxide. Introduction of the E. carotovora oxyR gene into an E. coli oxyR mutant resulted in transformants that were hydrogen peroxide resistant, indicating that the Erwinia protein was functional in E. coli.
A phase I study of the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor entinostat, in combination with sorafenib in patients with advanced solid tumors

Based on preclinical data demonstrating cytotoxic synergy between sorafenib and entinostat, a phase I study of this combination was conducted in patients with advanced solid tumors. Enrollment followed the traditional “3 + 3” dose escalation scheme. Entinostat was given orally once every 2 weeks, starting at a dose of 4 mg and escalating to 6 and 10 mg every 2 weeks. Sorafenib was administered as a continuous oral dose, escalating from 200 to 400 mg twice daily. A treatment cycle was 28 days. A total of 31 patients with advanced solid tumors were enrolled on the study. The three dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) observed were grade 3 hand-foot syndrome, nausea/vomiting, and fatigue. MTD was not reached. The recommended phase II dose was defined as the full dose of the respective drugs administered individually. The most common grade 3–4 toxicities were muscle weakness (13 %), skin rash (10 %), fatigue (6 %), diarrhea (6 %), and hand-foot syndrome (3 %). One NSCLC patient achieved a partial response. Two patients (adenocarcinoma of GE junction and Hurthle cell carcinoma of the thyroid) were on the study for more than 9 months with stable disease. The combination of entinostat and sorafenib was well tolerated. Entinostat 10 mg orally once every 2 weeks in combination with sorafenib 400 mg orally twice daily, representing full single agent doses of each drug was identified as the recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D). These data support future clinical development of the combination of entinostat and sorafenib.
Le-x, the spurned antigen of the Lewis blood group system.

. Studies are reported on the Lex antigen-antibody system which serologically distinguish it from Lea and Leb. The essential characteristic of anti-Lex is that it divides cord cells, which typically are Le(a–b–) in two classes, approximately 90% Le(a–b–x+) and 10% Le(a–b–x–). All infants and adults, regardless of secretor status, whose genotype includes the Le gene are Lex-positive and all type le/le subjects are Lex-negative. Lex-inhibiting activity is found in saliva, serum and amniotic fluid of Lewis-positive individuals. Wide ranges in the ratios of the titers of Lea/Lex, Leb/Lex, and Lec/Lex substances indicate that Lex does not correspond with any of the three other Lewis specificities. It is postulated that type II precursor substance is substrate for the action of the Le gene product resulting in Lex substance.
Hemispheric differences in body image in anorexia nervosa

Objective This study tested the hypothesis that women with anorexia nervosa (AN) have an inappropriately fatter body image in the left cerebral hemisphere (LH) than in the right cerebral hemisphere (RH). Method Women with AN symptomatology were compared with thin controls in a divided visual field experiment. Distorted and undistorted pictures of their own and someone else's body were flashed briefly in the left and right visual fields. Participants judged the pictures as thinner than, equal to, or fatter than the actual body size. Results The AN participants judged a higher proportion of fatter distortions as equal to their own size. They responded faster when stimuli were presented initially to the LH than when they were presented initially to the RH. In contrast, fewer thinner distortions were judged as equal to their own body size, and were judged more slowly, on LH trials than on RH trials. Controls did not show hemispheric differences when judging their own body and AN participants did not show hemispheric differences when judging pictures of somebody else. Additional analyses revealed that these findings were carried entirely by a subgroup who had AN in the past, not by the subgroup who currently had AN. Discussion The brain lateralization paradigm may prove useful in understanding body image disturbance in AN patients. © 2001 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 29: 409–416, 2001.
The impact of proximal stone burden on the management of encrusted and retained ureteral stents.

Purpose: Managing the encrusted and retained ureteral stent is a potentially complex challenge. To improve surgical planning, we hypothesized that proximal stone burden is the most important factor associated with complicated removal, and that computerized tomography more accurately estimates stone burden than plain film x-ray of the kidneys, ureters and bladder.Materials and Methods: Records were reviewed of patients undergoing surgical removal of an encrusted and retained ureteral stent or nephrostomy at Ben Taub General Hospital from 2007 to 2009. Preoperative imaging consisted of a plain x-ray of the kidneys, ureters and bladder and/or computerized tomography of the abdomen/pelvis. Each encrusted tube was assessed using the FECal (forgotten, encrusted, calcified) grading system and associated stone burden was calculated. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine factors associated with the need for multiple surgeries.Results: A total of 55 encrusted and retained ureteral stents ...
The pipe trap, an efficient method for sampling resting adult Culex tarsalis (Diptera: Culicidae).

A device is described that permits the rapid and efficient sampling of resting adult mosquitoes. Results are given from initial use of the method to sample Culex tarsalis in a hot, arid habitat in California, USA.
CAPACITARY ESTIMATES AND THE LOCAL BEHAVIOR OF SOLUTIONS OF NONLINEAR SUBELLIPTIC EQUATIONS

We establish sharp capacitary estimates for Carnot-Caratheodory rings associated to a system of vector fields of Hormander type. Such estimates are instrumental to the study of the local behavior of singular solutions of a wide class of nonlinear subelliptic equations. One of the main results is a generalization of fundamental estimates obtained independently by Sanchez-Calle and Nagel, Stein and Wainger.
Peroxidatic catecholestrogen production by human breast cancer tissue in vitro

Abstract The ability of breast cancer tissues from postmenopausal women to form catechol estrogens was examined by using a product isolation assay. Initial assays were carried out in the presence of either: (a) NADPH, the co-factor for monooxygenase mediated catecholestrogen (CE) formation or; (b) light-activated Tween 80 (LAT-80), a putative organic hydroperoxide co-factor for peroxidatic activity. Under monooxygenase conditions, CE formation by homogenates of 10 tumors did not exceed that obtained with heat denatured tissue. In contrast, 17 of 20 tumors incubated with LAT-80 synthesized significant amounts of CE (8.5 ± 1.172-hydroxyestradiol [2-OH-E 2 ] and 12.8 ±2.4 nmol/g protein/10 min 4-hydroxyestradiol [4-OH-E 2 ]). Substitution of cumene hydroperoxide, an organic hydroperoxide, for LAT-80 enhanced estrogen 2/4 hydroxylase (E-2/4-H) activity over 200-fold, making it possible to characterize sytematically the peroxidatic activity. The properties of peroxidatic E-2/4-H activity were similar to those of soluble peroxidases isolated from brain, including an acidic pH optimum, localization in the soluble fraction, an apparent K m in the range of 80 μM and an apparent V max in the range of 4000 nmol/g/protein/10 min for both 2-and 4-OH-E 2 . Under optimal assay conditions, peroxidatic E-2/4-H activity was identified in 10 of 13 tumors (2480 ± 580 nmol/g/protein/10 min for 2-OH-E 2 and 2790 ± 600 for 4-OH-E 2 ). The level of activity detected suggest a biological relevance for CE formation by breast cancer tissue.
First assessment of noctilucent cloud variability at midlatitudes

As the Sun dips below the horizon, the last rays of light can glint off crystals of ice high in the atmosphere, lighting up the sky with an electric blue glow. Known as noctilucent clouds, these collections of ice crystals occur most often at high latitudes, but the long polar days make them difficult to see. With the eye, noctilucent clouds can best be seen at night between 50° and 60° latitude in both hemispheres.
Detection of ventricular suction in an implantable rotary blood pump using support vector machines

A new suction detection algorithm for rotary Left Ventricular Assist Devices (LVAD) is presented. The algorithm is based on a Lagrangian Support Vector Machine (LSVM) model. Six suction indices are derived from the LVAD pump flow signal and form the inputs to the LSVM classifier. The LSVM classifier is trained and tested to classify pump flow patterns into three states: No Suction, Approaching Suction, and Suction. The proposed algorithm has been tested using existing in vivo data. When compared to three existing methods, the proposed algorithm produced superior performance in terms of classification accuracy, stability, and learning speed. The ability of the algorithm to detect suction provides a reliable platform in the development of a pump speed controller that has the capability of avoiding suction.
Gastroduodenal Ulceration Associated with Radioembolization for the Treatment of Hepatic Tumors: An Institutional Experience and Review of the Literature

Background Microsphere radioembolization is a method of delivering radiation therapy directly to tumors, thereby minimizing toxicity to adjacent structures. Despite the relatively high precision of this modality, numerous adverse effects have been recognized. One particularly untoward complication is the development of severe gastroduodenal ulceration.
Cross-transfer effects in the upper extremity during an occupationally embedded exercise.

OBJECTIVE Cross-transfer effects were investigated during an occupationally embedded task that involved learning a fine motor skill. Cross-transfer is a phenomenon that occurs when an untrained limb receives some of the same benefits in performance from unilateral training that the contralateral limb received. It was hypothesized that cross-transfer would occur after a unilateral training regime using an occupationally embedded task. METHOD Forty-eight participants (mean age = 24.4 years) volunteered for this repeated-measures study. Participants were randomly assigned to a training or control group and were asked to complete a toy maze with their right and left hands for the pretest and posttest. Whereas participants in the control group did not train, participants in the training group completed a toy maze three times a day for 7 days with their left hands. All participants returned in 1 week to complete the posttest portion of the experiment. Dependent variables included movement time, movement units, force oscillations, and average force. RESULTS Significant decreases in movement time and force oscillations were found for the untrained limbs (p < .0125) in the training group. No significant differences were found in movement units or average force. The improved movement time and force oscillations in the untrained limb provides evidence suggesting that cross-transfer occurred. CONCLUSION This study indicates that with a population without impairments, cross-transfer can occur during an occupationally embedded task. This phenomenon may prove useful to the field of occupational therapy to rehabilitate immobilized extremities. Further research is needed to test this phenomenon with special populations.
SPIDER Surgical System for Urologic Procedures With Laparoendoscopic Single-Site Surgery: From Initial Laboratory Experience to First Clinical Application

This case study describes our initial laboratory experience using the SPIDER surgical system (TransEnterix, Morrisville, NC, USA) for laparoendoscopic single-site surgery (LESS) urologic procedures and reports its first clinical application. The SPIDER system was tested in a laboratory setting and used for a clinical case of renal cyst decortication. Three tasks were performed during the dry lab session, and different urologic procedures were conducted in a porcine model. The time to complete the tasks and penalties were registered during the dry lab session. Perioperative outcomes and subjective assessment by the surgeons were registered. The surgeons had a positive experience with the SPIDER system, with a mean overall score of 3.6 (on a scale of 1-5). The surgeons were able to gain proficiency in performing tasks regardless of their level of expertise. The highest scores recorded were for ease of device insertion, instrument insertion and exchange, and triangulation. The lowest scores were for retraction. During the clinical case, the platform provided good triangulation without instrument clashing. However, retraction was challenging because of the lack of strength and precise maneuverability with the tip of the instruments fully deployed. The SPIDER system offers intuitive instrument maneuverability and restored triangulation without external instrument clashing. Further refinements are awaited to define its role in the urologic LESS armamentarium.
Areolar connective tissue grafts in pediatric tympanoplasty: a pilot study

Abstract Purpose To compare the surgical and audiologic success rates of areolar connective tissue with temporalis fascia in pediatric tympanoplasty. Methods Retrospective case series review of 10 patients younger than 18 years who underwent primary tympanoplasty between December 1997 and December 2000 using areolar connective tissue grafts. Tympanoplasty patients receiving temporalis fascia grafts during this period were used as a control group. Surgical and audiometric results were gathered after a minimum follow-up of 1 year. Results Both groups were similar in their clinical characteristics (P Conclusions This study showed equivalent surgical and audiometric success rates between areolar connective tissue and temporalis fascia. Both are excellent sources of graft material in pediatric patients.
Comparison of the Behavior of Hydrogen in Two Carbon Steels Differing in Sulfur Content

Abstract The role of sulfide inclusions in hydrogen diffusion and trapping in two steels with different contents of sulfur (0.003 and 0,024%S) was examined. The content of hydrogen in specimens aft...
Effects of rye cover crop residue and herbicides on weed control in narrow and wide row soybean planting systems

Α three-year, non-irrigated field study was conducted in 1998, 1999, and 2000 at the Southern Weed Science Research Unit farm, Stoneville, MS to study the effects of rye cover crop residue, soybean planting systems, and herbicide application programs on the control, density and biomass of several weed species and soybean yield. The soybean planting systems comprised 19 cm rows with high plant density, 57 cm rows with medium plant density, and 95 cm rows with low plant density. The herbicide programs evaluated were pre-emergence, postemergence, pre-emergence followed by postemergence, and no herbicide. Flumetsulam and metolachlor were applied pre-emergence, and acifluorfen, bentazon, and clethodim were applied postemergence. The presence or absence of rye cover crop residue and a soybean planting system did not affect weed control of the species evaluated (browntop millet, barnyard grass, broadleaf signal grass, pitted morningglory, yellow nutsedge, Palmer amaranth and hyssop spurge), when herbicides were applied, regardless of the application program. In addition, rye cover crop residue was not an effective weed management tool when no herbicide was applied, because density and biomass of most weeds evaluated were higher than a no cover crop residue system. Among soybean planting systems, narrow with high plant density soybeans reduced density of grasses, broadleaf weeds and yellow nutsedge by 24–83% and total weed biomass by 38%, compared to wide with low plant density soybeans. Although weed pressure was reduced by narrow with high plant density soybeans, herbicide applications had the most impact on weed control, weed density and biomass. All herbicide programs controlled all weed species 81–100% at two weeks after postemergence herbicide applications, in comparison to no-herbicide. Density of grasses and all broadleaf weeds as well as total weed biomass was lower with the pre-emergence followed by postemergence program than these programs alone. Soybean yields were higher in the pre-emergence followed by postemergence, and postemergence only programs than the pre-emergence alone program. Planting crops in narrow rows is one cultural method of reducing weed pressure. However, even with the use of this cultural practice, prevalent weed pressure often requires management with herbicides.
An application of fuzzy algorithms in a computer access security system

Abstract This paper describes a new approach to securing access to a computer system based on measurements of the time duration between keystrokes when a password is entered. Using fuzzy Pattern Recognition Algorithms, two recognition systems were devised and tested. The purpose of this paper is to investigate several methods of assigning class memberships to sets of vectors, and to examine the effects of initialization schemes in the fuzzy classifiers in these pattern classifiers.
The Gibraltar Strait and its role in the dynamics of the Mediterranean Sea

Abstract The Strait of Gibraltar is the only dynamically relevant communication of the Mediterranean Sea with a large ocean basin, the North Atlantic. Although quite constrictive, important water exchanges occur through it over a broad frequency range. With respect to the tides, considering the Mediterranean as a long zonal channel closed at both ends indicates that the principal tidal signal observed in its interior is astronomically forced. However, the tidal wave incoming from the Atlantic, although strongly reflected (∼ 94%) at the entrance to the strait, has about a 10% integrated contribution to the observed tide within the sea. In the strait most of the tidal flow (∼ 92%) is barotropic, but a clear baroclinic tide is discernible from observations. The correlation between tidal currents and depth variations of the interface (separating Atlantic and Mediterranean waters) at Gibraltar's main sill represents up to 1 3 of the mean transport in each layer. At subinertial frequencies, periods from days to a few months, the strait restricts the meteorologically forced flows modifying the simple isostatic response of sea level to atmospheric pressure within the sea. A simple analytical model, consisting of two basins (the western and eastern Mediterranean) and two straits (Gibraltar and Sicily), indicates that the atmospheric pressure field over the sea accounts for 65% of the barotropic subinertial flows at Gibraltar, 68% of sea level variability in the western basin but only 41% of that in the eastern basin. These results are obtained by applying a linear friction coefficient to limit the barotropic flows at both straits, Gibraltar and Sicily. The long-term (seasonal to interannual) two-layered baroclinic exchange through the strait has historically been related to the integrated effects of the mass and salt balances in the sea. Recent works, based on the hydraulic behaviour of the two-layer flow in from the Atlantic at the surface and out of the Mediterranean at depth, allow speculation on the possible forcing and control mechanisms for this exchange, as well as their repercussions on the circulation and water characteristics within the sea. However, the true dynamic role played by time-dependent processes on these exchange flows remains a subject of debate and intense research.
Immunogenicity of Haemophilus influenzae type b polysaccharide--diphtheria toxoid conjugate vaccine in adults.

The capsular polysaccharide of Haemophilus influenzae type b is a poor immunogen in human infants. In an attempt to enhance immunogenicity, this polysaccharide was covalently coupled to diphtheria toxoid and the conjugate tested as a vaccine in adult volunteers. Two injections of PRP-D vaccine were given, separated by one month. The anti-PRP antibody responses in this group were compared with those in a group receiving a comparable dose (20 μg) of conventional PRP vaccine. Both vaccines were well tolerated. A single injection of PRP-D was significantly more immunogenic than PRP, eliciting higher serum concentrations of total anti-PRP antibody 1 month later (geo means of 248 and 62 μg/ml, respectively; P P P =0.03), whereas the serum antibody concentrations in the group that received PRP remained unchanged. At 12 months, the antibody concentrations of the two groups were not significantly different. Bactericidal activity and passive protection activity (infant rat model) were tested in pooled sera from the three highest and three lowest responders in each vaccine group; both PRP and PRP-D vacines induced biologically active anti-PRP antibody. Thus PRP-D was found to elicit biologically active serum antibody and to be more immunogenic in adults than PRP vaccine; however, the duration of higher concentrations of antibody was transient.
Temporal object identification via fuzzy models

In designing systems which analyze temporal sequences of images, it is necessary to provide mechanisms which identify, track, and release objects over time. There is considerable uncertainty in the definition of objects in a natural scene as evidenced, for example, in forward looking infrared (FLIR) imagery. In this paper, we present a methodology, based on the theory of fuzzy sets, which can handle this problem. It contains a feature driven fuzzy correlator which integrates current and past information to update object histories, to detect new objects, and to determine when objects leave the scene. The intention is to use such a system in a surveillance mode, where there is reasonable time for computation. Examples are given from an automatic target recognition application.© (1992) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Stroop Interference and AQT Cognitive Speed May Play Complementary Roles in Differentiating Dementias with Frontal and Posterior Lesions

Forty neurotypical adults (ages 65–74) were administered three different assessments, as follows: Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), A Quick Test of Cognitive Speed (AQT), and Stroop Color and Word Test. Correlation coefficients (Pearson r) indicated a significant but moderate association between MoCA scores and AQT dual-dimension processing speed (p 0.01). Based on evidence of frontal lobe control of inhibition (Stroop) and bilateral temporal-parietal control of dual-dimension processing speed (AQT), results suggest that the AQT dual-dimension processing-speed and Stroop interference tests may complement each other in differentiating dementias associated with frontal and posterior lesions.
Serpentinized Peridotite from the North Wall of the Puerto Rico Trench

Three dredge hauls from the north wall of the Puerto Rico Trench near 66° 30′ W. contained serpentinized peridotite and talc rock, sedimentary rocks of Cretaceous and Tertiary age, and minor basalt. A possible stratigraphy of the main scarp is given by serpentinized peridotite with altered basalt overlain by Upper Cretaceous sedimentary rocks, which are in turn overlain by Lower Tertiary sedimentary rocks with minor vitric basalt. The ultramafic rocks occur as two distinct types. One contains antigorite and talc and has a rare texture consisting of very fine-grained olivine(?) replaced by talc or serpentine. The other does not contain antigorite or talc and has a texture similar to serpentinites from many localities in the world. The density, seismic velocity, magnetic susceptibility, and chemical data of the ultramafic rocks are presented. Structural complexities of the area are revealed by two closely spaced seismic-reflection profiles of the main scarp of the north wall, one showing horizontal crustal layers and the other an interrupting mass. The 5.1 km/sec seismic layer determined by previous seismic-refraction studies may here be composed primarily of serpentinized peridotite with some altered basalt. Navigational uncertainties and lack of knowledge of the exact position of dredging prevent definite statements. However, the 5.1 km/sec seismic layer was definitely sampled about 65 km to the east (20°16′N., 65°43′W.), and basalts, chert, and Cenomanian siliceous sedimentary rock were obtained. These rocks may overlie serpentinized peridotite that was not sampled, or possibly serpentinite does not occur on the north wall near 65°45′W.
The Waterhouse‐Friderichsen Syndrome

Summary Fulminating purpuric meningococcal septicaemia -with recovery cannot be separated clinically from the Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome. The name Waterhouse-Friderichsen Syndrome should be reserved for those cases in which the autopsy shows hemorrhages in the adrenal cortex. As the causative organism is not always the meningococcus the name fulminating purpuric septicaemia is suggested instead of fulminating purpuric meningococcal septicaemia. The author discusses the works of other investigators who assert that hemorrhages in the adrenal cortex are not always present in cases of fulminating purpuric meningococcal septicaemia, and that, where they occur, they are not likely to be of any consequence for the clinical picture or the outcome of the disease. The relation between the pituitary and the adrenals is discussed a-nd data are compiled, pointing to the possible high endogenous ACTH production leading to high or maximal function of the adrenal cortex. It is the author's opinion that the fatal outcome in fulminating purpuric septicaemia is caused by the hyperacute infection, the shock, and the exhaustion of the adrenal cortex. If patients suffering from this disease are to have any chance of recovery, an early diagnosis, vigorous therapy against the infection, and substitutional therapy with adrenal cortical extract are essential.
Early changes in ventricular septal defect size and ventricular geometry in the single left ventricle after volume-unloading surgery

Objectives. This study investigated the phenomenon of, and the relation between, alterations in ventricular geometry after acute surgical volume unloading of the ventricle and the development of subaortic stenosis in patients with a single ventricle and ventricular septal defect—dependent systemic flow. Background. Subaortic outflow obstruction has been observed to occur in patients with a single left ventricle after placement of a pulmonary artery band. The timing and etiology of this phenomenon are not well defined. Methods. The preoperative and postoperative echocardiograms of 18 patients 14.9 ± 22.8 months old (mean ± SD) with a diagnosis of single left ventricle who underwent pulmonary artery banding or cavopulmonary connection were reviewed. Postoperative studies were performed a mean of 7.0 ± 6.5 days after operation. The ventricular septal defect diameter was measured in two orthogonal views and the area calculated using the formula for an ellipse. Interventricular septal and posterior wall thickness and left ventricular diameter and length were also measured. Results. Mean ventricular septal defect area indexed to body surface area diminished by 36 ± 23% (3.1 ± 2.7 to 2.0 ± 1.8 cm2/m2, p Conclusions. In the single left ventricle, diminution in ventricular septal defect size occurs early and is related to an acute alteration in ventricular geometry that accompanies the decrease in ventricular volume. Ventricular septal defect diminution was greater after volume unloading of the ventricle after cavopulmonary connection than after pulmonary artery banding.
A model for pseudoscalar-pseudoscalar scattering and production☆

Abstract We present results from a coupled-channel quark model analysis of light-quark S-wave pseudoscalar-pseudoscalar scattering and production processes. Annihilation mixing to s-channe qq scalar resonances and quark exchange interactions are found to be important contributions to the dynamics of these processes. Contributions from the exchange of t-channel mesons are not required to obtain agreement with the data. The intermeson forces are important in all channels and, in particular, lead to isospin 0 and 1 K K bound states analogous to the deuteron; we identify these with the S ∗ (975) and δ(980) scalar resonances.
Trapped ion cyclotron resonance studies of symmetric electron- and proton-transfer reactions

Abstract Trapped ion cyclotron resonance techniques have been used to study symmetric electron-transfer processes involving N 2 , CO and CO 2 and symmetric proton-transfer processes involving H 2 , CH 4 and NH 3 . In most cases these reactions have been found to be fast and can be shown to be a very effective means of momentum transfer and energy relaxation. Comparisons of experimental and theoretical rate constants have been used to deduce models for electron- and proton-transfer reactions.
Vibrational lifetimes of light impurities in silicon

Abstract Light impurities in covalent materials, such as H or O in Si, are characterized by high-frequency local vibrational modes (LVMs) far above the phonon frequencies of the host crystal. Upon excitation, such LVMs are expected to have long lifetimes since their decay involve multi-phonon processes. Yet, time-resolved infrared absorption spectroscopy reveals that the vibrational lifetimes of almost identical LVMs sometimes differ by up to two orders of magnitude. Indeed, the low-temperature lifetimes of the 2062 cm−1 mode of the H 2 ∗ complex, the 1998 cm−1 mode of bond-centered hydrogen H BC + and the 2072 cm−1 mode of the di-vacancy di-hydrogen complex VH · HV are 4, 8 and 295 ps, respectively. More surprising still, the measured lifetime of the asymmetric stretch of interstitial O in Si changes by almost an order of magnitude with the isotope of O or one of its Si neighbors. In this paper, ab-initio molecular dynamic simulations in periodic supercells are used to calculate vibrational lifetimes. The calculations predict the correct lifetimes of the various defects in the range 50
Homebuyer Neighborhood Attainment in Black and White: Housing Outcomes during the Housing Boom and Bust

This paper examines the types of neighborhoods that black and white homebuyers have secured loans in during the recent housing boom and subsequent bust. We expand upon and refine previous research on locational attainment using loan-level data from the 1992–2010 Home Mortgage Disclosure Act (HMDA) combined with tract- and metropolitan-level data from the 1990, 2000, and 2010 Census and the American Community Survey. Multilevel models show that black homebuyers are moving into considerably more racially segregated neighborhoods than their white counterparts and that their access to “whiter” neighborhoods did not expand during the housing boom, even after controlling for the racial composition of the metropolitan area and other key ecological factors. Conversely, new white homebuyers have been moving into neighborhoods with greater percent black residents, which may be a contributing factor in observed declines in segregation during the past few decades. Additionally, black homebuyers in metropolitan areas with greater suburban growth were on average accessing homes in more integrated neighborhoods. Finally, the models explained considerably more of the variation in the neighborhood racial composition of whites compared to blacks. These findings are suggestive of a dual housing market, one in which the experiences of blacks are still systematically different than those of whites, despite expanded access to homeownership.
Chromosome evolution in the owl monkey, Aotus

We have reported nine distinct karyotypes for Aotus, of four pelagic phenotypes, and suggest that this single species has undergone extensive subspeciation. We reconstruct the mechanism of chromosomal evolution and propose a hypothesis about the events of subspeciation in Aotus. We speculate that isolated groups of ancestral individuals living in several confined areas have separately accumulated a fusion or inversion pair as a result of inbreeding. A subsequent reassociation of descendants from these individuals led to the formation of offspring with mixtures of fusion or inversion pairs in their complements. They, in turn, radiated into different ecological niches accompanied by adaptive genetic changes and eventually gave rise to the present forms of Aotus distinguishable by their karyotypes, but not easily recognizable by ordinary taxonomic criteria.
Optical measurements of OLED panels for lighting applications

Optical characteristics of organic light-emitting diode (OLED) panels have been investigated for the purpose of developing a test method for OLED panels for lighting applications. The electrical characteristics, total luminous flux and chromaticity (x, y), and their dependence on supply current, stabilization time, ambient temperature, and operating position, were measured and evaluated. Directional characteristics of these panels, including angular luminous intensity and chromaticity distributions as well as spatial non-uniformity of luminance and temperature, were also measured and evaluated. From the data obtained, critical optical characteristics to be measured for OLED panels and suitable measurement methods and conditions for testing OLED panels are discussed.
Interleukin-7 modulates intracytoplasmatic CD23 production and induces adhesion molecule expression and adhesiveness in activated CD4+CD23+ T cell subsets.

The low-affinity receptor for IgE, CD23, has been described in several pathological conditions. However, the factors involved in the upregulation or downregulation of this receptor are still debated. We studied the effect of interleukin 7 (IL-7) on the production of CD23 in normal PBT cells stimulated with PMA + Ca2. The results demonstrate that cytoplasmic CD23 level was significantly augmented by costimulation with PMA + Ca2plus IL-7 (1000 U/ml). Using an intracytoplamatic cytometric analysis, an accumulation of intracellular CD23 was observed at 48 hr in the presence of IL-7. This appears to have a profile different from the CD23 surface expression peaking at 72 hr of culture. We were also able to show that sCD23 was specifically increased by IL-7 and occurred with an early peak at 72 hr and a late peak at 120 hr of culture. The increased release and the biphasic production of sCD23 may reside in an accelerated degradation of the receptor due to an excessive accumulation of it. Restimulation of CD4+T cells with PMA + Ca2without IL-7 changed the profile of sCD23 production showing a second peak at 144 hr of culture. The induction of IL-7 on CD23 production appears to be independent of IL-2, IL-4, IL-9, and IL-15. Indeed, the addition of specific mAbs anti-IL-2, -IL-4, -IL-9, -IL-15, or anti-IL-2R was unable to block the effect of IL-7 on CD23. The addition of IL-7 to specific subset CD4+CD23+was able to augment the adhesiveness of T cells to parenchymal cell monolayers. The use of different cytokine (IL-2, IL-4, IL-9, IL-15) resulted in no increase of adhesiveness. In contrast, the addition of IL-7 to a different T cell subset (i.e., CD4+CD23−) was unable to rescue the lack of adhesiveness observed in these cells. The adhesion molecules LFA-1 and VLA-4 were responsible for the augmented adhesiveness of activated CD4+CD23+T cells cultured in the presence of IL-7. Blocking experiments with anti-LFA-1β, VLA-4α, anti-LFA-1β plus VLA-4α mAbs, or anti-ICAM-1 mAb added to the monolayers resulted in a complete inhibition of adhesion to parenchymal monolayers. In contrast, the addition of anti-IL-7 or anti-IL-7R mAbs was able to block the augmented adhesiveness of CD4+CD23+cells to monolayers observed in the presence of IL-7. A significant augmentation of LFA-1 and VLA-4 was observed in cells cultured in the presence of IL-7. Taken together these findings point to the likelihood that IL-7 is responsible for the observed quantitative difference in the level of adhesion molecules and may open a new role of CD23 in the immune regulation.
Pathways from family economic conditions to adolescents' distress: Supportive parenting, stressors outside the family, and deviant peers

Economic hardship is a stressor that affects large numbers of children and their families. This study estimated a model that included pathways linking economic conditions to the internalizing and externalizing symptoms of a multiethnic sample of urban adolescents. Similar to other prominent models, this model included parental distress and parenting as key constructs, but the expanded ecological model also included stressors outside the family and adolescents' associations with deviant peers as possible explanatory factors. Data from 300 adolescents and their parents were consistent with a model that showed linkages between economic conditions, parental depressive symptoms, supportive parenting, and internalizing symptoms. Stressors outside the family were associated with deviant peer affiliations which, in turn, predicted internalizing and externalizing symptoms. The implications of these findings for understanding economic conditions' influence on adolescents' mental health are discussed. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.