cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Amplification, cloning and sequencing of the σC-encoded gene of avian reovirus

The sigmaC-encoding cDNA of avian reovirus (ARV) 1733 strain was amplified, cloned and sequenced using double nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The ARV sigmaC protein is a minor component of the outer capsid that induces type-specific neutralization antibodies. Four overlapping sigmaC-encoding cDNA fragments were obtained. Together, the four fragments represented the whole coding sequence. The nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of sigmaC-encoded gene of U.S. (S1133 and 1733) and Australian isolates (RAM-1 and SOM-4) were compared. The U.S. isolates were closely related, but different from Australian isolates. The degree of differences between the U.S. and Australian isolates was over 44.89% at both the nucleotide and deduced amino acid levels and suggested that the virus is evolving separately in different continents. The deduced amino acid sequences of ARV sigmaC indicated a heptapeptide repeat in the N-terminal region of ARV sigmaC existed in all ARVs. The results suggested that ARV sigmaC is structurally related to mammalian reovirus (MRV) sigma1.
GaN-based vertical cavities with crack-free high-reflectivity patterned AlGaN/GaN distributed Bragg reflectors

We report on GaN-based vertical cavities using crack-free 40.5 pair of AlGaN/GaN distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs) by employing a selective growth method to avoid wafer cracking that has been commonly observed in conventional planar Al(Ga)N/GaN DBRs. An Al0.46Ga0.54N/GaN DBR with ∼98% reflectivity was selectively grown with square patterns of up to 150 × 150 μm2 in size, which were separated from each other by 10 μm wide SiO2 mask stripes. Vertical cavity structures employing InGaN multiple quantum wells were grown on these crack-free DBRs and capped with 8 pair dielectric SiO2/SiNx DBRs. Cavity mode centered at ∼400 nm was observed to have a quality factor of ∼100. The selective DBR and vertical cavity growth to eliminate crack formation appears very promising for the fabrication of nitride-based vertical-cavity surface emitting laser devices. (© 2009 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Transfusion-transmitted bacterial infection: risks, sources and interventions

Records of the transmission of bacterial infections by transfusion date back to the beginning of organized blood banking. Despite tremendous strides in preventing viral infection through careful donor screening and viral testing, there has been little improvement in reducing the risk of bacterial sepsis since the introduction of closed collection systems. Based on the French Haemovigilance study, the British Serious Hazards of Transmission (SHOT) study and fatality reports to the United States Food and Drug Administration, the risk of clinically apparent sepsis exceeds the risk of HIV, HBV, and HCV transmission. Sources of contamination include the skin, blood, disposables, and the environment. Potential interventions to reduce transfusion-associated bacterial sepsis include improvements to donor arm preparation, diversion of the first aliquot of whole blood, introduction of bacterial testing and/or implementation of pathogen reduction methods.
Comparison and optimization of the performance of Si and GaAs solar cells

Abstract Designing solar cells involves optimizing the device makeup, such as the semiconductor layer thickness and the impurity doping concentration, as well as the device parameters, such as the minority-carrier lifetime, the minority-carrier diffusion coefficient, and the surface recombination velocity. Optimization of solar cell performance is normally carried out by varying the device makeup or a particular device parameters, and assuming the rest of the parameterrs are constant. These device parameters, nonetheless, are influenced by the device makeup and should not be considered as independent variables. We calculate the performance of Si and GaAs cells using device-makeup-dependent parameters determined from experimental observations or, if uncertainty arises, from physical judgement based on available information. Both n/p and p/n Si and GaAs optimized cell structures are suggested. For the specific device parameters used, our calculations show conversion efficiencies of 18.75% and 26.8% for the optimized, without texturized surface, Si and GaAs cells, respectively, under one AM1.5 global normal sun condition. For concentrator cell applications, the optimized Si and GaAs cells can yield 22.5% and 30.2% efficiencies, respectively. Comparison of model predications and experimental data shows good agreement.
Implementation of a high speed multiplier using carry lookahead adders

This paper examines a modification to the Wallace/Dadda Multiplier to use carry lookahead adders instead of full adders to implement the reduction of the bit product matrix into the two numbers that are summed to make the product. Four bit carry lookahead adders are used in the reduction in place of individual full adders. Each carry lookahead adder reduces up to 9 partial products (instead of 3 with a full adder) while taking the same amount of time. This leads to fewer reduction stages than a traditional Wallace/Dadda Multiplier. The results show that 1 fewer stage is required for 4 by 4, 8 by 8, and 16 by 16 bit multipliers and 2 stages are saved for larger multipliers.
Reading and Writing on Screen: Cinematic Adaptations of McEwan's Atonement and Cunningham's The Hours

This essay considers cinematic adaptations of two recent, successful novels, Ian McEwan's Atonement (2001) and Michael Cunningham's The Hours (1998). Given that both novels are highly intertextual, filled with literary allusions and homage, and both self-consciously depict and explore activities of reading and writing, one might imagine it problematic to adapt such works to film. Yet each was adapted quickly and successfully. This essay explores how these “literary novels” were adapted to the screen: how the screenwriters and directors handled the self-conscious exploration of reading and writing, the metanarrative, and density of literary allusions and intertextuality.
Phenomenological discussion of the scattering and absorption of K-mesons by Protons

A simple phenomenological analysis of the scattering and absorption of low energy K -mesons by protons is presented. An effective range expansion is used to describe the complex phase shifts;s-wave interactions are assumed dominant; only the crudest approximation, that of zero effective range, is illustrated. The scattering and absorption of K--mesons by protons and the scattering of K+-mesons by protons are consistent with this zero range approximation. The appreciable fall-off of the K- elastic scattering cross-section with increasing energy as cornpared to the essential constancy of the K+ cross-section is attributable in large part to the presence of the absorption in flight for K- mesons. The connection between the cross-sections for absorption in flight from states of definite angular momentum and the capture rates from the corresponding bound states is explicitly stated and the possibility of correlating the data from the two sources is discussed.
Perturbation of Ikaros isoform selection by MLV integration is a cooperative event in NotchIC-induced T cell leukemogenesis

Abstract The chromosomal translocation t(7;9)(q34;q34.3) in human T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) results in the aberrant expression of the intracellular domain of Notch (N ic ). Consistent with the current multistep model for tumorigenesis, mice that express N ic in T cell progenitors develop a T-ALL-like disease with a lengthened latency. Proviral insertional mutagenesis greatly accelerated the onset of leukemia in N ic transgenic mice. We demonstrate that the Ikaros (Ik) locus is a common target of proviral integration in N ic transgenic mice, which results in the loss of Ik DNA binding activity through altered isoform expression. We propose that cooperative leukemogenesis occurs in cells that have constitutive N ic and altered Ik isoform expression because genes normally repressed by Ik become activated by N ic /CSL.
Physicians' Self-Directed Learning. A New Perspective for Continuing Medical Education. III. The Physician and Self-Directed Learning Projects.

Eds.' note: This is Part III of a MOBIUS series on styles of self-directed learning among physicians, excerpted from a monograph produced by Dr. Richards. We are pleased to offer it to our readers.
Isobaric molecular dynamics simulations of hard sphere systems.

We describe an implementation of the Andersen algorithm for simulating the molecular dynamics in the isobaric isoenthalpic $(\mathrm{NPH})$ ensemble for the hard sphere potential. The work is based on the adaptation of the Andersen algorithm to hard spheres by de Smedt et al. For a hard sphere system in the $\mathrm{NPH}$ ensemble, the particle velocities are not constant between collisions and we describe an efficient method for handling this part of the dynamics. The method is extended to give an $\mathrm{NPT}$ ensemble simulation of hard sphere systems by applying an ad hoc rescaling of the velocities. The accuracy of the algorithms is tested by comparison with traditional $\mathrm{NVE}$ simulation results for the structural, thermodynamic, and transport properties.
Embedded fragmentation of vibrational energies.

Can the zero-point vibrational energies (ZPVE) of molecular clusters and crystals be evaluated as sums of ZPVE of constituent molecular fragments embedded in the cluster or crystal electrostatic environment? What is the appropriate unit of fragmentation: monomers or overlapping dimers? Can the contributions of acoustic phonons, which are fundamentally delocalized, be recuperated at satisfactory accuracy? These questions are answered by this study applying embedded monomer- and dimer-fragmentation methods to the harmonic ZPVE of hydrogen fluoride clusters, hydrogen fluoride crystal, and water clusters. Our findings are as follows: (1) ZPVE are reproduced accurately by both fragmentation schemes within a few percents of exact values or a few tenths of 1 kcal mol−1 per molecule even for crystalline hydrogen fluoride, which has acoustic phonons. (2) Both the monomer- and dimer-based fragmentation are nearly equally accurate and useful for the absolute values of ZPVE, but the latter is more reliable than the f...
Least-Squares Wave-Front Reconstruction of Shack-Hartmann Sensors and Shearing Interferometers using Multigrid Techniques

This article details a multigrid algorithm that is suitable for least-squares wave-front reconstruction of Shack-Hartmann and shearing interferometer wave-front sensors. The algorithm detailed in this article is shown to scale with the number of subapertures in the same fashion as fast Fourier transform techniques, making it suitable for use in applications requiring a large number of subapertures and high Strehl ratio systems such as for high spatial frequency characterization of high-density plasmas, optics metrology, and multiconjugate and extreme adaptive optics systems.
Characterization of uranium corrosion products involved in a uranium hydride pyrophoric event

Uranium metal corrosion products involved in a recent pyrophoric event were characterized using thermo-gravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction, and BET gas sorption techniques to determine the effects of passivation treatment and long-term storage on chemical reactivity. Characterization was performed on corrosion products in three different conditions: immediately after separation from the source metal, after low-temperature passivation, and after passivation and extended vault storage. The hydride fraction and ignition temperature of the corrosion products were found to be strongly dependent on the corrosion extent of the source metal. There was little change in corrosion product properties resulting from low-temperature passivation or vault storage. The results indicate that the energy source for the pyrophoric event was a considerable quantity of uranium hydride present in the corrosion products, but the specific ignition mechanism could not be identified.
Calcium metabolism and growth in the rat on a low-phosphorus diet as affected by vitamin D and increases in calcium intake.

Abstract Studies with young rats on low-P, vitamin D-containing diets, with various levels of CaCO 3 as the source of Ca, revealed that the negative Ca balance induced by a low-P diet can be changed to a positive one by increasing the Ca intake. This was not possible when the diet did not contain vitamin D. With the afore-mentioned retention of Ca, growth was decreased while the Ca content of the blood and the amount and percentage of ash in bone were increased. This improvement in calcification supports the theory that the decrease in growth induced by the addition of vitamin D to this ration was effected by a differential shunting of P from the metabolic pool to bone instead of to soft tissues. Analysis of the urines revealed a definite limitation in the capacity of the kidneys to excrete Ca, which capacity was not affected by vitamin D. Ca in the feces was reduced by vitamin D at all levels of Ca intake.
Parenchymal and pleural abnormalities in children with and without pulmonary embolism at MDCT pulmonary angiography

Prior studies in adults suggest that a wedge-shaped peripheral consolidation may be predictive of pulmonary embolism (PE). In contrast, a previous study in children provided no evidence of an association between this finding and PE, but it was limited by a small sample size and was not specifically designed to answer this question. To compare the frequencies of parenchymal and pleural abnormalities in children with and without PE at multidetector computed tomographic pulmonary angiography (CTPA). The study population included 22 consecutive pediatric patients (11 males, 11 females; mean age 13.2 ± 5.8 years; range 4 months to 18 years) with PE diagnosed by CTPA from July 2004 to January 2009 and identified using our hospital database. The comparison group included 22 randomly selected pediatric patients (10 males, 12 females; mean age 15.2 ± 3.3 years; range 5.6 to 18 years) who underwent CTPA studies without evidence of PE during the same study period. All CTPA studies were reviewed by consensus by two pediatric radiologists for the presence of parenchymal and pleural abnormalities including: wedge-shaped peripheral consolidation, other forms of consolidation, atelectasis, linear opacity, ground-glass opacity, mosaic attenuation pattern, nodule, mass, focal patchy increased attenuation, and pleural effusion. Differences in frequencies of parenchymal and pleural abnormalities between the two groups were analyzed by logistic regression to determine odds ratios for association with PE. The two groups were also compared with respect to risk factors for PE. Wedge-shaped peripheral consolidation was seen in eight children (36%) with PE and in two children (9%) without PE [odds ratio = 5.7, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.2 to 30, p = 0.03]. There were no significant differences in the frequency of other findings between the groups (all p-values > 0.10). Prior history of neoplasm was the only independent risk factor significantly associated with the presence of PE (p = 0.006). Wedge-shaped peripheral consolidation is significantly associated with PE on CTPA studies of children. The identification of a wedge-shaped peripheral consolidation in children should alert radiologists to carefully evaluate for concurrent PE.
Human Brain: Left-Right Asymmetries in Temporal Speech Region

We have found marked anatomical asymmetries between tile upper surfaces of the human right and left temporal lobes. The planum temporale (the area behind Hesch's gyrus) is larger on the left in 65 percent of brains; on the right it is larger in only 11 percent. The left planum is on the average one-third longer than the planum. This area makes up part of the temporal speech cortex, whose importance is well established on the basis of both anatomical findings in aphasic patients ans cortical stimulation at operation.
Presence of Multifactorial, Acquired Hypercoagulability After Implantation of Left Ventricular Assist Devices or Total Artificial Hearts

s S207 Driver. We now describe minimal 3 month follow-up for the use of the Freedom driver. Methods: Between 2012 and 2014 we assessed 22 patients (19 males and 3 females) with biventricular failure who underwent TAH placement with a Freedom Driver. Freedom Driver change outs resulted from “irreversible fault alarms”. A Freedom Driver changeout consists of two qualified professionals or caregivers switching one Freedom Driver controller to another within 5 seconds. Complications from changeouts including death, syncope, hypoxemic encephalopathy, and hypotension were assessed. Results: 18 of the 22 pts (81.8%) required a freedom driver changeout. A total of 104 freedom driver changeouts occurred in these 18 patients. Of these changeouts, 9 (8.7%) met the criteria for device malfunction as defined by Syncardia. The average number of changeouts was 4.7 ± 5.1 per patient. The average time on the freedom driver was 214 ± 159 days. Conclusion: The use of the Freedom Driver has expected complications that may require changeout. However, this does not appear to compromise the function of the TAH as patients were not affected by these changeouts. Further advances in technology should lead to an improvement in the TAH and less need for Freedom Driver changeouts.
Magnetic Testing of a Superferric Dipole That Uses Metal-Oxide Insulated CICC

A small dipole magnet designed for use in high-radiation environments that uses metal-oxide cable-in-conduit-conductor has been constructed and tested for magnetic properties. The conductor consisted of 42 strands of 0.5 mm diameter wires, in a conduit with outer dimension of 10 mm times 10 mm. The magnet carried about 8 kA. This gives an engineering current density of 80 A/mm2. The current density in the cable bundle is approximately 1 kA/mm2.
Some econometric recipes for high-frequency data cooking

According to Ragnar Frisch (1933), econometrics involves the mutual penetration of quantitative economic theory and statistical observation. Today, econometric research rarely has all the ingredients spelled out in Frisch's definition. Most econometric models are either very structural, contrived, and unfortunately typically rejected or else they are statistical summaries of stylized data features and unfortunately difficult to link unambiguously to a single theoretical paradigm. Because my role on the panel is to discuss econometric issues, let me try to spell out what econometricians have to offer to the field of high-frequency data analysis. It is fair to ask, "What do we learn from high-frequency data that we do not from traditional time series?" More
The bacterial etiology and antibiotic management of septic arthritis in infants and children

In 1966 we published our experience with 117 cases of septic arthritis seen on the pediatric services of Parkland Memorial Hospital and Children9s Medical Center in Dallas. That review brought to attention the hitherto unrecognized frequency of Hemophilus influenzae in this disease and, by emphasizing the wide variety of bacteria involved, tried to make the point that precise bacteriological diagnosis was essential to optimal therapy. This follow-up report of 221 patients adds the 104 patients treated from 1966 through 1970 to the previous series. The tabular material is arranged in the same manner as in the report covering the years 1955 through 1965 for easy comparison. (Tables I to IV) This analysis excludes patients with joint involvement secondary to osteomyelitis except for the unique situation of septic hip in which it is difficult to determine whether joint infection or bone infection is the primary event. The average number of cases per year has steadily risen but this appears to reflect mainly the even-enlarging medical population served rather than a real increase in frequency of septic arthritis. For example, total pediatric admissions rose by 32% from 1960 to 1970 while septic arthritis cases increased 46%. 1955-59: 6.4 cases per year 1960-65: 14.2 cases per year 1966-70: 20.8 cases per year A bacteriological diagnosis was established in 66.5% of cases overall (Table I) but the figure is higher during the past decade when the quality of diagnostic bacteriology was improved. 1955-59: 34% 1960-65: 71% 1966-77: 73% Part of the improved percentage of bacteriological diagnosis stems from better use of blood cultures.
Contribution of ancestral lines in the development of new cultivars of rice.

(...) The objectives of this study were to construct four pedigree schematics to represent the rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars released in the USA, determine the relative genetic contribution of ancestral lines, and examine the genetic trends, by location, that result from using specific germplasms in cultivar development of rice. An examination of the pedigrees of 140 rice accesiions demonstrated that all of the parental germplasm can be traced to 22 plant introductions in the southern Rice Belt (Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, and Texas) and 23 plant introductions in the western Rice Belt (California) (...)
SOUTHERN ILLINOIS MIGRATION FIELDS: THE SHAWNEE HILLS IN 1850∗

(1976). SOUTHERN ILLINOIS MIGRATION FIELDS: THE SHAWNEE HILLS IN 1850. The Professional Geographer: Vol. 28, No. 2, pp. 151-160.
Ex vivo imaging of human thyroid pathology using integrated optical coherence tomography and optical coherence microscopy.

We evaluate the feasibility of optical coherence tomography OCT and optical coherence microscopy OCM for imaging of benign and malignant thyroid le- sions ex vivo using intrinsic optical contrast. 34 thyroid gland specimens are imaged from 17 patients, covering a spectrum of pathology ranging from normal thyroid to be- nign disease/neoplasms multinodular colloid goiter, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, and follicular adenoma and ma- lignant thyroid tumors papillary carcinoma and medul- lary carcinoma. Imaging is performed using an integrated OCT and OCM system, with 4 m axial resolution OCT and OCM, and 14 m OCT and 2 m OCM transverse resolution. The system allows seamless switch- ing between low and high magnifications in a way similar to traditional microscopy. Good correspondence is ob- served between optical images and histological sections. Characteristic features that suggest malignant lesions, such as complex papillary architecture, microfollicules, psam- momatous calcifications, or replacement of normal folli- cular architecture with sheets/nests of tumor cells, can be identified from OCT and OCM images and are clearly dif- ferentiable from normal or benign thyroid tissues. With further development of needle-based imaging probes, OCT and OCM could be promising techniques to use for the screening of thyroid nodules and to improve the diag- nostic specificity of fine needle aspiration evaluation. © 2010 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers.
Energy minimization of a pipelined processor using a low voltage pipelined cache

A cache is a power-hungry component in a processor. Therefore, a reduction in cache energy can have a significant impact on overall processor energy consumption. In this paper, we propose a new energy minimization technique for a pipelined processor using a low voltage pipelined cache. We consider a case where a pipelined cache is not required but is used nonetheless, enabling the cache supply voltage to be lowered. Using this method, five benchmarks show that power consumption is reduced by 24.85% at a cost of an average increase in execution time of 15.35% resulting in an average overall energy reduction of 13.33%.
The ontogeny of social skills: experimental increases in social complexity enhance reproductive success in adult cowbirds

The social environment can act as an important selective force on both morphological and behavioural traits by conferring a reproductive advantage on individuals that successfully navigate social interactions. The ontogeny of these social traits is poorly understood. We examined whether increasing exposure to more complex social environments could hone competitive skills and ultimately increase reproductive success in adult brown-headed cowbirds, Molothrus ater. We created two types of flocks (‘Dynamic’ and ‘Stable’) that differed in social complexity. In Dynamic flocks, birds were regularly exchanged across groups, whereas in ‘Stable’ flocks, the composition of birds remained static throughout a year. Social networking analyses revealed that males in the Dynamic flocks had larger and more variable singing networks during the manipulations than did the males in the Stable flocks. When we put males from the two conditions together into new environments with unfamiliar females, the Dynamic-condition males had greater mating success. Our results establish a link between social competence and reproductive success and suggest that social skills are extremely flexible characteristics, even in adulthood.
Affirmative Reaction: The Influence of Type of Justification on Nonbeneficiary Attitudes Toward Affirmative Action Plans in Higher Education

It is popularly believed that justifying an affirmative action plan (AAP) through emphasizing the advantages that diverse students can bring to a college campus will increase nonbeneficiary support for the program. However, there has been little empirical support for this proposition, perhaps because previous research has not directly articulated to participants the value of a diverse student body. As such, the current study sought to determine how the explicit framing of an AAP influences subsequent reactions. Both quantitative and qualitative data from 216 White undergraduate participants revealed that the utilitarianism justification that highlighted the benefits of the AAP to both minority and majority students, was the most effective means of increasing support for the plan.
Nonparametric Estimation of Location

Abstract A sequence of asymptotically normally distributed estimators of location is presented having the property that, for any ∈ > 0, all estimators in the sequence beyond an appropriate point have asymptotic variances within ∈ of the Cramer-Rao lower bound, uniformly for all symmetric distributions in a nonparametric family constrained only by regularity conditions. The simplest estimator in this sequence is the familiar trimmed mean. The next simplest estimator examined in some detail is shown to possess good efficiency-robustness properties, both asymptotically and for small sample sizes. This estimator is much easier to compute than previously proposed estimators having similar properties, and a good nonparametric estimate of the variance of the location estimator is produced as a by-product.
Radiopacity of household deodorizers, air fresheners, and moth repellents.

Household deodorizers and moth repellents are common agents implicated in many childhood poisonings. Their ingredients usually include either paradichlorobenzene or naphthalene compressed into a so...
Endoscopic suture retriever for endolaryngeal keel placement in treatment of anterior glottic webs.

Introduction:Endoscopic placement of a laryngeal keel has traditionally required the use of a Lichtenberger endo-extralaryngeal needle passer, which is not universally available. We discuss a safe ...
Optimal Voltage Scaling, Repeater Insertion, and Wire Sizing for Wave-Pipelined Global Interconnects

The simultaneous application of voltage scaling, repeater insertion, and wire sizing is proposed in this paper to achieve high performance, low power, and low area on wave-pipelined interconnect circuits. Based on this methodology, design optimizations for three different types of applications are performed and different design metrics are used to obtain the optimal values of supply voltage, number of repeaters, and interconnect dimensions for these applications. The optimal supply voltage for low-power applications is shown to be twice the threshold voltage. In addition, an optimal throughput-per-energy-area (TPEA) design is compared with low-voltage differential signaling (LVDS). The optimal TPEA design is shown to reduce dynamic power by 10% and wire area by 70% compared to LVDS, without any loss of throughput performance.
To Catch a Thief: Can Forensic Accounting Help Predict Stock Returns?

An earnings manipulation detection model based on forensic accounting principles (Beneish 1999) has substantial out-of-sample ability to predict cross-sectional returns. We show that the model correctly identified, ahead of time, 12 of the 17 highest profile fraud cases in the period 1998-2002. Moreover, the probability of manipulation estimated from this model (PROBM) consistently predicts returns over 1993-2007, even after controlling for size, book-to-market, momentum, accruals and the level of open short interest. Separating high PROBM from low PROBM firms within each of these characteristic deciles greatly improves long/short hedge returns. Further analyses show that PROBM also helps predict future earnings because of its ability to anticipate the persistence of current years’ reported accruals. Overall, our findings offer significant empirical support for the investment approach advocated by forensic accountants.
Quality improvement in technical documents and presentations: application in the classroom

When the professional who teaches technical communication uses quality control techniques that are common in industry, technical reports and presentations show continual improvement. These techniques emphasize participative management, which in the classroom means student involvement in improving the process of writing a technical paper or making a technical presentation. Another effective technique derived from industrial management is applying quality control at checkpoints during the process instead of relying on control points at its end. A third improvement technique used by successful Japanese managers encourages and rewards suggestions to an extent unmatched even by the best US programs. The author describes the application of these industrial management techniques in the technical communication classroom. She reports that these techniques help create a strong classroom culture that helps students improve the quality of their work. >
Functional angiography of the head and neck

The basic concepts of the territorial approach to angiography and intravascular embolization of vascular lesions of the head and neck are reviewed. Superselective arteriographic injections are performed in sequences and projections tailored to the suspected location of the vascular lesion. The resulting studies are then reviewed as a whole, so that a complete angiographic map of the tissue territory involved is considered. From this map the interventionalist selects the best and safest route for embolization, taking into account developmental and acquired constraints to blood flow and the presence of any potentially dangerous collateral flow toward normal nervous tissue. Case studies are presented to illustrate the most frequently encountered anatomic variants that may, by their presence within the circulation to be embolized, increase the risk of complication. Attention is directed toward the probability of intraprocedural changes in hemodynamic balance and flow direction, which also may increase risk and which may be modified by catheter techniques and minimized by meticulous attention to detail. This article should support the contention that functional angiography and careful attention to the resulting angiographic map are essential for efficacious and safe head and neck embolization.
A Spatial Sensitivity Analysis of Land Use Characteristics and Phosphorus Levels in Small Tidal Creek Estuaries of North Carolina, USA

ABSTRACT Small tidal creek estuaries provide important ecological habitats that are increasingly under pressure from urban expansion. In south-eastern North Carolina these coastal counties are among the fastest growing counties in the state. In New Hanover County alone, urbanized land use has increased by 100% between 1976 and 1999. This urbanization has led to an encroachment and loss of these valuable resources. To study the impacts of urbanization, five tidal creeks were analyzed for land use characteristics and phosphorus compounds in sediments. The goals of this study were: a) identify the land use characteristics of the five tidal creek watersheds within New Hanover County; b) compare and contrast these watershed land use characteristics with concentrations of phosphorus measured from sediment samples taken at various locations within these watersheds; and c) perform a spatial sensitivity analysis of the contributing area to these sample locations to determine the relationships between land use and ...
Circulating exosomes carrying an immunosuppressive cargo may interfere with adoptive cell therapies in leukemia

Meeting abstracts Adoptive immunotherapy, including transfer of activated NK cells, is currently under active investigation for patients with refractory and relapsed acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, a highly immunosuppressive microenvironment sustained in part by tumor-derived exosomes,
Evaluation of Instruction

T HE phrase evaluation of instruction contains two words of broad and uncertain meaning. Evaluation suggests the placing of a value upon an object or process which presumably must be of concern, else indifference rather than appraisal would be the behavior manifested. Evaluation may connote an ultimate appraisal, but only if both the entity appraised is itself static and the standards applied are valid. The judgments of human beings-both individually and collectively-change, so that evaluation, even of a static, unchanging object or function, might be different at one time than another. It is this doubt about the reliability of an evaluation of instruction, or, conversely put, the distrust of its subjectivity which causes some individuals to display lack of interest or antagonism toward it.
Mandated college students' response to sequentially administered alcohol interventions in a randomized clinical trial using stepped care.

OBJECTIVE: Students referred to school administration for alcohol policies violations currently receive a wide variety of interventions. This study examined predictors of response to 2 interventions delivered to mandated college students (N = 598) using a stepped care approach incorporating a peer-delivered 15-min brief advice (BA) session (Step 1) and a 60- to 90-min brief motivational intervention (BMI) delivered by trained interventionists (Step 2). METHOD: Analyses were completed in 2 stages. First, 3 types of variables (screening variables, alcohol-related cognitions, mandated student profile) were examined in a logistic regression model as putative predictors of lower risk drinking (defined as 3 or fewer heavy episodic drinking [HED] episodes and/or 4 or fewer alcohol-related consequences in the past month) 6 weeks following the BA session. Second, we used generalized estimating equations to examine putative moderators of BMI effects on HED and peak blood alcohol content compared with assessment only (AO) control over the 3-, 6-, and 9-month follow-ups. RESULTS: Participants reporting lower scores on the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, more benefits to changing alcohol use, and those who fit the "Bad Incident" profile at baseline were more likely to report lower risk drinking 6 weeks after the BA session. Moderation analyses revealed that Bad Incident students who received the BMI reported more HED at 9-month follow-up than those who received AO. CONCLUSION: Current alcohol use as well as personal reaction to the referral event may have clinical utility in identifying which mandated students benefit from treatments of varying content and intensity. (PsycINFO Database Record Language: en
Effect of Insulin on Rate of Appearance of Free Sugar in Liver Brei

SummaryInsulin inhibits glycogenolysis in the liver, and reinforces the inhibitory effect of added dextrose.
Measurement of blood flow and oxygen consumption in the pelvic limb of fetal sheep.

In order to determine blood flow and oxygen consumption in the pelvic limb of fetal sheep, we applied the Fick principle of measurement of oxygen consumption in seven paired experiments in seven fetal sheep under normal conditions and after treatment with pancuronium bromide. Catheterization procedures, which minimized interference with the study limb circulation, avoided changes of catheter tip position during fetal movements,n and prevented collateral circulation to and from tissues not located in the pelvic limb, were utilized. Blood flow through the external iliac artery was measured by means of a transit time ultrasonic method. Six sample sets for oxygen content were drawn from the external iliac artery and vein during 45-min control period and repeated after neuromuscular blockade. Normal oxygen consumption under these experimental conditions was determined to be 20.7 +/- 1.9 (mean +/- SEM) mumole.min-1.100 g-1. Neuromuscular blockade caused oxygen consumption to decrease significantly (P less than 0.01) by 12% to 18.1 +/- 2.1 mumole.min-1.100 g-1 and decreased the average coefficient of variation from 15 to 8%. The data demonstrate that spontaneous skeletal muscle activity accounts for a significant amount of oxygen consumption, the level of which can vary widely over brief periods of time. These results suggest that such tissues with significant spontaneous changes in metabolic activity require repeated blood flow measurements with simultaneous determination of substrate arteriovenous differences to best describe metabolism under normal conditions.
Bagworm Survival and Feeding Preferences as Indicators of Resistance among Maples

The bagworm (Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis (Haworth)) is a polyphagous, native pest of numerous deciduous and evergreen ornamental plants. Bagworm larvae were used to investigate host plant susceptibility among ten species and cultivars of maples that are economically important and commonly encountered in landscapes in the eastern United States. Data analyses from 48-hour choice assays, conducted in the laboratory during 2000 and 2001, indicated that differences existed among maples forbagworm feeding preferences and host plant susceptibility. Results from the 48-hour trials were not as accurate as seasonal no-choice assays, however. No-choice assays during both seasons quantified resistance among maples that limited larval bagworm survival and development. Measurements of larval feeding injury demonstrated resistance in paperbark maple (Acer griseum (Franch.) Pax) and trident maple (A. buergerianum Miq.) when compared with other maples. Laboratory results were corroborated during 2001 by a no-choice field assay, in which early instar bagworm larvae performed well on the majority of maples. In contrast, paperbark maple and trident maple were resistant to bagworm feeding, while 'Autumn Blaze' Freeman maple (A. xfreernanii E. Murray), a hybrid cross obtained by breeding A. rubrurn with A. saccharinum, showed moderate resistance.
Appendiceal perforation, necrotizing groin infection and spermatic cord necrosis in a case of Amyand's hernia.

Introduction Inguinal hernias containing the appendix are described as Amyand’s hernias. The surgical approach to these types of hernias is dependent on the type present and associated intra-operative findings.
The erythrocyte sedimentation rate: old and new clinical applications.

ABSTRACTBackground.The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) is a simple and inexpensive laboratory test. It is commonly used to assess the acute phase response.Methods.A review of the recent literature was done to evaluate the role of the ESR and its importance in different clinical conditions both
The use of transrectal longitudinal real-time ultrasonography in urodynamics.

AbstractA total of 63 combined transrectal ultrasonographic and urodynamic studies was performed to evaluate the voiding dysfunction in 49 spinal cord injury patients and 7 other patients. Ultrasonography provided excellent real-time imaging of the bladder neck, prostatic urethra, prostate and external sphincter, and allowed for accurate diagnosis of detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia, detrusorbladder neck dyssynergia, prostatic hypertrophy and bladder neck strictures. In addition to offering these capabilities, ultrasonography is less expensive than x-ray and it does not involve exposure of either the patient or examiner to radiation. However, it does not provide a means to detect vesicoureteral reflux.
Complete remission of disseminated granulomatous dermatitis related to chronic eosinophilic leukemia following allogeneic stem cell transplantation.

Hematologic neoplasms are occasionally associated with cutaneous lesions that can be the result of malignancy infiltrations or be related to nonspecific skin lesions. Skin manifestations associated...
Abstract 4647: BET protein inhibition blocks growth of triple-negative breast cancer by inducing mitotic and cytokinetic dysfunction

Bromodomain and Extra Terminal (BET) proteins are epigenetic “readers” that recognize acetylated histones and mark areas of the genome for transcription. BRD4, a BET family member protein, has been implicated in a number of types of cancer. It has been recently found to associate with super-enhancers, and elevated levels of BRD4 have been linked to increased expression of MYC as well as other oncogenes. BET protein inhibitors are currently being tested for their potential use in the treatment of HIV, heart failure, and cancer, all of which are diseases of aberrant transcription. However, little is known regarding their efficacy in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). We found JQ1, a prototypical BET inhibitor, impedes growth of seven TNBC cell lines in a dose-dependent manner within 72 hours of treatment. JQ1 also suppresses growth of three different TNBC xenografts, including a patient-derived model of basal-like breast cancer. Growth arrest, in vitro, is followed by either apoptosis or senescence. However, prior to the induction of these two terminal responses, prolonged treatment results in polyploidy in many of the cell lines, suggesting BETi disrupts mitosis/cytokinesis. Live-cell imaging revealed JQ1 significantly increased the duration of mitosis, and microarray analyses showed a significant JQ1-mediated downregulation of genes critical for cell cycle progression, mitosis, and cytokinesis. In all TNBC cell lines tested, Aurora kinases, proteins critical for proper progression through mitosis and cytokinesis, are suppressed in response to JQ1. Treatment with AZD1152, an Aurora kinase B inhibitor, elicits the same cellular responses as BET inhibition, indicating that the suppression of Aurora kinases plays a key role in the response of TNBC cells to BET inhibitors. These findings reveal that BET inhibitors block the growth of highly aggressive TNBC cells by inducing mitotic dysfunction and that these drugs are promising potential therapeutics for the treatment of TNBC. Citation Format: Jennifer M. Brancato, Sylvia Gayle, Kristen Weber-Bonk, Matthew Summers, Gurkan Bebek, Ruth Keri. BET protein inhibition blocks growth of triple-negative breast cancer by inducing mitotic and cytokinetic dysfunction. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 4647.
Under pressure and under-engaged: Motivational profiles and academic cheating in high school

Publisher Summary Over the past two decades, achievement goal theory has become a prominent approach to examining how students are motivated to achieve in school and has informed how educators can foster interesting, supportive classroom environments. Goal theorists posit the existence of two types of achievement goals—mastery goals that orient individuals toward developing their ability and performance goals that focus individuals on demonstrating their ability. Recent research has connected goal theory approaches with beliefs and behaviors related to academic cheating. This chapter extends this work at the intersection of goal theory and cheating. It examines which types of goals are most closely associated with personal beliefs about cheating (beliefs about which behaviors constitute cheating as well as beliefs about the acceptability of cheating under certain circumstances), perceptions of cheating in the environment (specifically what the norms are regarding cheating among peers), and engagement in cheating behaviors (assignment and test cheating as well as plagiarism). In addition, the chapter investigates how high school students with distinct profiles of personal goal orientations and perceptions of classroom goal structures differ with respect to these same outcomes.
CRITIQUE - OF “NITROGEN INPUTS AND OUTPUTS: A VALLEY BASIN STUDY”

A generalized model of the nitrogen (N) cycle for a large area such as the southern San Joaquin Valley has the value of revealing what is known and what is unknown about the area in relation to other areas. Some pools and fluxes can he evaluated with a fair degree of precision, hut others (such as loss by denitrification) cannot. Therefore, if a pollution or public-health problem exists it can be corrected only by a thorough evaluation of subsystems contributing directly to the problem. In developing generalized whole models, care must be exercised to avoid high costs associated with measurements of things that can be measured when other items cannot he measured with the same precision and perhaps not at all. The latter are connected with phase changes such as denitrification and atmosphere-land transfers as gases. Whole N models cannot be verified or tested experimentally, at least not now. An imbalance of flux on pool size is often difficult to calculate or impossible to evaluate because of the large magnitude of the pools and their spatial heterogeneity in relation to small values of flux. Conclusions deduced must be compared with what appears to be reasonable and consistent with data from subsystems that are more susceptible to verification. From the viewpoint of environmental quality, emphasis should be placed on the concentrated sources of N: human and animal wastes and the misuse of N fertilizers.
Effect of Layer Charge on CO2 and H2O Intercalations in Swelling Clays

The effect of layer charge on the intercalation of supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2)–H2O mixture in Na-montmorillonite clay interlayers under T = 323 K and P = 90 bar geologic sequestration conditions has been further investigated. This effect includes the charge amount and its location (within either octahedral or tetrahedral layers due to isomorphic substitutions). Two clay models with different layer charges are used in this study. Simulation results show that the increase of charge amount shifts the monolayer-to-bilayer (1W-to-2W) hydration transition toward the lower relative humidity (RH), increasing water sorption at the expense of reducing the overall sorption amount of CO2 in the clay interlayer. However, the combination of the influence of charge amount and charge location leads to insignificant changes in equilibrium basal spacings of the high- and low-charge clays. Molecular dynamics simulations show that the CO2 dimers, which are frequently seen in low-charge clay interlayers, vanish in hi...
If Only More Such Stories Could Have Been Told: Ways of Remembering Resistance

This article considers how greater attention to the memory of resistance might alter the parameters of contemporary efforts to reckon with systematic abuse. I take the Eichmann Trial, which feature...