cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Spectrum of Clinical Illness in Hospitalized Patients with “Common Cold” Virus Infections

The viruses associated most frequently with the "common cold" are rhinoviruses and coronaviruses. The first prospective cohort study to determine the prevalence of rhinovirus and coronavirus infections in patients of all ages hospitalized for acute respiratory illnesses is described. Hospital admissions for acute respiratory illnesses were identified, and cell culture for rhinovirus and serologic assays on paired sera for coronaviruses 229E and OC43 were performed. A total of 61 infections with rhinoviruses and coronaviruses were identified from 1198 respiratory illnesses (5.1%); in addition, 9 additional infections associated with >/=1 other respiratory viruses were identified. Of those infected with only rhinovirus or coronavirus, underlying cardiopulmonary diseases were present in 35% of the patients aged 35 years. The predominant clinical syndromes varied by age: pneumonia and bronchiolitis in children aged <5 years; exacerbations of asthma in older children and young adults; and pneumonia and exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and congestive heart failure in older adults. Therefore, rhinovirus and coronavirus infections in hospitalized patients were associated with lower respiratory tract illnesses in all age groups.
Plant proteins in relation to human protein and amino acid nutrition

Plant protein foods contribute approximately 65% of the per capita supply of protein on a worldwide basis and approximately 32% in the North American region. These sources of protein are discussed in relation to their amino acid content, human amino acid requirements, and dietary protein quality. Mixtures of plant proteins can serve as a complete and well-balanced source of amino acids for meeting human physiological requirements. This short review ends with a list of series of myths and realities concerning the relationship between plant protein and human nutrition and a list of some nutritional issues of concern to the health professional and informed consumer.
Assessing the origins of aliphatic amines in the Murchison meteorite from their compound-specific carbon isotopic ratios and enantiomeric composition

The study of meteoritic organic compounds provides a unique window into the chemical inventory of the early Solar System and prebiotic chemistry that may have been important for the origin of life on Earth. Multiple families of organic compounds have been extracted from the Murchison meteorite, which is one of the most thoroughly studied carbonaceous chondrites. The amino acids extracted from Murchison have been extensively analyzed, including measurements of nonterrestrial stable isotopic ratios and discoveries of L-enantiomeric excesses for a-dialkyl amino acids, notably isovaline. However, although the isotopic signatures of bulk amine-containing fractions have been measured, the isotopic ratios and enantiomeric composition of individual aliphatic amines, compounds that are structurally related to amino acids, remain unknown. Here, we report a novel method for the extraction, separation, identification and quantitation of aliphatic monoamines extracted from the Murchison meteorite. Our results show a complete suite of structural isomers, with a larger concentration of methylamine and ethylamine and decreasing amine concentrations with increasing carbon number. The carbon isotopic compositions of fourteen meteoritic aliphatic monoamines were measured, with d 13 C values ranging from +21& to +129&, showing a decrease in 13 C with increasing carbon number, a relationship that may be consistent with the chain elongation mechanism under kinetic control previously proposed for meteoritic amino acids. We also found the enantiomeric composition of sec-butylamine, a structural analog to isovaline, was racemic within error, while the isovaline extracted from the same Murchison piece showed an L-enantiomeric excess of 9.7%; this result suggested that processes leading to enantiomeric excess in the amino acid did not affect the amine. We used these collective data to assess the primordial synthetic origins of these meteoritic aliphatic amines and their potential linkage to meteoritic amino acids.
Long-time dynamics of the modulational instability of deep water waves

In this paper, we experimentally and theoretically examine the long-time evolution of modulated periodic 1D Stokes waves which are described, to leading-order, by the nonlinear Schrodinger (NLS) equation. The laboratory and numerical experiments indicate that under suitable conditions modulated periodic wave trains evolve chaotically. A Floquet spectral decomposition of the laboratory data at sampled times shows that the waveform exhibits bifurcations across standing wave states to left- and right-going modulated traveling waves. Numerical experiments using a higher-order nonlinear Schrodinger equation (HONLS) are consistent with the laboratory experiments and support the conjecture that for periodic boundary conditions the long-time evolution of modulated wave trains is chaotic. Further, the numerical experiments indicate that the macroscopic features of the evolution can be described by the HONLS equation. Ultimately, these laboratory experiments provide a physical realization of the chaotic behavior previously established analytically for perturbed NLS systems.
Thickness dependent dielectric strength of a low-permittivity dielectric film

The dielectric strength of a promising interlevel low relative permittivity dielectric is investigated for various film thicknesses and temperatures by using I-V measurements with metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) structures. It is found that the dielectric breakdown mechanism also depends on thickness. For relatively thick films (thickness >500 nm), the dielectric breakdown is electromechanical in origin, i.e. the dielectric strength is proportional to the square root of Young's modulus of the films. By scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation, a microcrack in thicker films may contribute to a lower value of Young's modulus, which may confirm that the electromechanical breakdown is the dominant mechanism for dielectric breakdown of thicker films. In addition, the thickness dependent dielectric strength can be described by the well-known inverse power-law relation by using different exponents to describe different thickness ranges, However for thinner films, i.e., <500 nm, the experimentally observed relationships among the dielectric strength, Young's modulus, and film thickness cannot be explained by the existing models.
Convective Initiation at the Dryline: A Modeling Study

Abstract A nonhydrostatic, three-dimensional version of the Colorado State University Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (CSU-RAMS) is used to deduce the processes responsible for the formation of drylines and the subsequent initiation of deep, moist dryline convection. A range of cumuliform cloud types are explicitly simulated along drylines on 15, 16, and 26 May 1991 in accordance with observations. In the simulations, narrow convergence bands along the dryline provide the lift to initiate deep moist convection. The thermally direct secondary convective boundary layer (CBL) circulations along the dryline are frontogenetic and solenoidally forced. Maximum updrafts reach 5 m s−1 and the bands are 3–9 km wide and 10–100 km or more in length. The updrafts penetrate and are decelerated by the overlying stable air above the CBL, reaching depths of about 2000 m in the cases studied. Moisture convergence along the mesoscale updraft bands destabilizes the local sounding to deep convection, while simultaneously...
Exploiting Reviews to Guide Users' Selections

We introduce HRS, a recommender that exploits user reviews and identifies the features that are most likely appealing to users. HRS incorporates this knowledge into the recommendation process to generate a list of top-k recommendations, each of which is paired with an explanation that (i) showcases why a particular item was recommended and (ii) helps users decide which items, among the ones recommended, are best tailored towards their individual interests. Empirical studies conducted using the Amazon dataset demonstrate the correctness of the proposed methodology.
Three-dimensional surface analysis of young adult human articular cartilage.

Abstract The objective of this investigation was to determine whether the surface of young adult human articular cartilage was smooth as defined by industrial standards for metal surfaces. Human articular cartilage with attached subchondral bone from the midregion of the trochlear surface of the talus was obtained postmortem from 7 donors (aged 29 +/- 9 y). The specimens were processed using multiple fixation techniques prior to scanning electron microscopy and 3-dimensional stereoscopic analysis. Three-dimensional stereoscopic data showed that 92.78 +/- 16.90% of the articular surface was devoid of surface irregularities and was considered to be smooth. The remaining regions comprising 7.22 +/- 17.20% of the area demonstrated bumps measuring 7.70 +/- 4.58 microns in height. When the results of this study were compared with the international standards for surface preparations used by machinists for metal surfaces, they clearly showed that even when the regions with bumps were considered, the articular cartilage surface could be characterised as smooth.
The Catholic School Advantage in a Changing Social Landscape: Consistency or Increasing Fragility?

ABSTRACTFor several decades, researchers have examined sector effects on student outcomes. Several argue the presence of a Catholic school advantage (CSA), an effect that shows improvement of educational outcomes upon attendance at a Catholic school. The magnitude of this effect, however, is often debated, particularly in the era of educational reform. In this study, we analyze nationally representative data to examine whether attending a Catholic school consistently promotes educational attainment. On net, we find that students who attend Catholic high schools are more likely to continue in education although this advantage is not persistent across measures of institutional selectivity.
The Impact of Negative Media on the CEO and Board of Directors

A few recent empirical studies examine the effect of the media on a firm’s corporate governance and allude to the positive influence of media on firm-level governance. This paper extends that work by presenting a novel exploration of the theoretical relationships between the media and the corporate board. The analysis shows how the threat of media exposure can affect the decision-making of a CEO considering diverting project resources for personal consumption, and that of the inside board members who must approve his proposed project implementation. Prior studies in social network modeling and psychological game theory are used to derive the cost of a negative media report to both the corporate insiders on the board and the CEO who is the focus of the media attention. The analysis shows that the threat of public exposure will discourage most CEOs from attempting diversion, and for the CEO who is unfazed by the threat of public exposure, it is highly probable that he will be abandoned by formerly supportive corporate insiders’ even if the private benefits of supporting the ‘tainted’ CEO are substantial.
Effect of Cholesterol Feeding on Serum Lipoproteins and Atherosclerosis in Atherosclerosis-Susceptible and Atherosclerosis-Resistant Japanese Quail

Male and female Japanese quail from two strains bred for differing susceptibility to induction of atherosclerosis by dietary cholesterol (RES = resistant, SUS = susceptible) were fed a control diet or control diet + .5% USP cholesterol. The diets were fed for 20 weeks beginning when the quail were 7 weeks old. Only quail fed cholesterol developed atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis (incidence and severity) was higher in males than females and higher in SUS than RES. Cholesterol feeding increased aortic, liver, and serum cholesterol concentrations and liver total fat content. There were high positive correlations between serum cholesterol and liver cholesterol in all cholesterol-fed groups but not in control groups. Diet, sex, and strain differences in cholesterol distribution among the various serum lipoproteins and ratios of beta/alpha lipoproteins were observed. These differences are discussed in terms of their usefulness in predicting atherosclerosis in quail as compared with humans.
Preliminary Notes on the Chemistry of Codling Moth Baits

Chemical analyses of codling moth ( Carpocapsa pomonella ) molasses baits during their periods of maximum attractiveness reveals their attrahent value to be most closely associated with certain changes in the decomposition of the sugars which precedes the formation of alcohol and acetic acid and is first evidenced by a decrease in the glucose content of the baits. These phenomena which are probably attended by the formation of esters, the exact composition of each of which is as yet undetermined, are of primary importance. The formation of alcohol and the evolution of gas are important secondary factors, while the production of high yeast populations and the conversion of alcohol into acetic acid are only slightly attractive or actually repellent. Under New Mexico conditions, where the average mean daily temperature for the period during which the Codling moth adults are most active (May 1 to September 30) is 73.5° Fahrenheit, the effectiveness of molasses baits is actually decreased by adding yeast in commercial form while on the other hand it is materially increased and the period of attractiveness prolonged by the addition of certain preservatives, particularly Benzoate of Soda which delays fermentation. A number of commercial esters were tested and the following are listed in order of their attractiveness: Iso-butyl Phenyl Acetate, Geranyl Formate, Ethyl Oxy-hydrate, Diphenyl Oxide, Citronellal, Bromo Styrol, Methyl Cinnamate. Most of these materials when used alone were not as attractive as plain molasses baits, and their attractiveness seems to be associated with their chemical composition, boiling point and characteristic odor.
Add Water—“Instant”Culicoides

In a previous publication I discussed the breeding habitats of Culicoides in Trinidad, W. I. (Williams 1964). Other biological observations were omitted from that paper. A certain aspect of the biology of C. phlebotomus (Williston) may be of interest to others working with this genus, and the subject discussed might prove to be a phenomenon common to other species of Culicoides and possibly other genera within the family Ceratopogonidae. My 1st experience with this phenomenon was noted in connection with a tree hole containing only damp wood frass but no standing water (Williams 1955).
Robust Likelihoods for Inflationary Gravitational Waves from Maps of Cosmic Microwave Background Polarization

The B-mode polarization of the cosmic microwave background provides a unique window into tensor perturbations from inflationary gravitational waves. Survey effects complicate the estimation and description of the power spectrum on the largest angular scales. The pixel-space likelihood yields parameter distributions without the power spectrum as an intermediate step, but it does not have the large suite of tests available to power spectral methods. Searches for primordial B-modes must rigorously reject and rule out contamination. Many forms of contamination vary or are uncorrelated across epochs, frequencies, surveys, or other data treatment subsets. The cross power and the power spectrum of the difference of subset maps provide approaches to reject and isolate excess variance. We develop an analogous joint pixel-space likelihood. Contamination not modeled in the likelihood produces parameter-dependent bias and complicates the interpretation of the difference map. We describe a null test that consistently weights the difference map. Excess variance should either be explicitly modeled in the covariance or be removed through reprocessing the data.
LINGUISTIC COMPLEXITY AND TEXT COMPREHENSION - Readability lssues Reconsidered by Davison and Green

The research presented by Davison and Green in LINGUISTICCOMPLEXITY AND TEXT COMPREHENSION addresses some of the mainissues on readability, linguistic complexity and language understanding. The book in divided into ten chapters and an Introduction. In the introduction the editors justify the appraisal of readability issues, summarize the content of the papers and put them in context. The main pointsdiscussed in this collection of ten articles are thedefinition and assumptions underlying formulas, problems andweaknesses of readability formulas, and new insights that recent research in linguistics, in the psychology of language and theories of learning have brought to theconcept of language complexity, to language understandingand reading comprehension. The review will follow thethematic order in which the articles appear in the book.
Synthesis, Nicotinic Acetylcholine Binding, and in Vitro and in Vivo Pharmacological Properties of 2′-Fluoro-(carbamoylpyridinyl)deschloroepibatidine Analogues

In this study, we report the synthesis, nAChR in vitro and in vivo pharmacological properties of 2′-fluoro-(carbamoylpyridinyl)deschloroepibatidine analogues (5, 6a,b, and 7a,b), which are analogues of our lead structure epibatidine. All of the analogues had subnanomolar binding affinity for α4β2*-nAChRs, and all were potent antagonists of α4β2-nAChRs in an in vitro functional assay. Analogues 6a,b were also highly selective for α4β2- relative to α3β4- and α7-nAChRs. Surprisingly, all of the analogues were exceptionally potent antagonists of nicotine-induced antinociception in the mouse tail-flick test, relative to standard nAChR antagonists such as DHβE. 2′-Fluoro-(4-carbamoyl-3-pyridinyl)deschloroepitabidine (6a) displayed an attractive combination of properties, including subnanomolar binding affinity (Ki = 0.07 nM), submicromolar inhibition of α4β2-nAChRs in the functional assay (IC50 = 0.46 μM) with a high degree of selectivity for α4β2- relative to the α3β4/α7-nAChRs (54-/348-fold, respectively), po...
How Charles Bachman invented the DBMS, a foundation of our digital world

His 1963 Integrated Data Store set the template for all subsequent database management systems.
#Blacklivesrecorded: Will the Darling Savior of Police Brutality Be the Downfall of Modern Privacy?

Insightful commentary on the potential downside of the much-heralded use of body cameras by law enforcement. Reproduced here as published in the State Bar of California Criminal Law Journal, Vol. 16, Issue 2 (2016).This essay won first place in the Marshall Manne Schulman Competition for Student Papers in Criminal Law and/or Criminal Procedure.
Spontaneous Abscess of the Sellar Region

Spontaneous pituitary abscesses are rare, representing less than 0.6 % of patients with sellar lesions undergoing surgical resection.
SlutWalk Korea: Translation, Cultural Production, and the Politics of Possibility

Avoiding either a celebration of SlutWalk as global sisterhood or a dismissal of this movement as postfeminist, this article seeks to understand the SlutWalk phenomenon as cultural production. The article examines how SlutWalk Korea (jabnyonhangjin) organizers bridge and traverse the cultural boundaries that arise among global SlutWalk movements, Korean feminist movements, leftist movements, and popular media. Through such traversing practices, the organizers not only produce activism as signified by posters, marches, and costumes, but also (re)construct a field of feminist cultural production. By participating in SlutWalk Korea, which recognizes their interdependence and acknowledges their interior otherness, Korean organizers create new feminist subjectivities that enable new political possibilities.
Toward a General Theory and Global History of Workers' Education

Workers’ education, understood to mean the education of workers by workers for purposes they themselves determine, has always been highly contested terrain, just like work itself. If there is to be an adequate global history of workers’ education, it will need to be guided by a suitable general theory. Hegel most expansively and Durkheim most persuasively argued that societies are cognitive and moral projects, of which education is constitutive: knowing and social being are inextricably bound up with one another. In the global democratic revolutions of the last 250 years, the labor movement distinguished itself as simultaneously a social movement, an education in democracy, and a struggle for a democratic education. The history of workers’ education is a history of workers striving to remake their communities into democracies and themselves into democrats. This brief essay introduces a collection of essays representative of a new generation of scholarship on the history of workers’ education, which we hope will help both traditional and emerging labor movements understand their past and think more clearly about their future.
Post-traumatic stress as a pathway to psychopathology among adolescents at high-risk for victimization

Abstract Objective Victimization by violence elevates adolescents’ risk for developing internalizing and externalizing psychopathology. Recent findings suggest that disruptions in developmental processes associated with post-traumatic stress (PTS) reactions may partially account for the relationship between victimization and the subsequent development of psychopathology during adolescence. The present study tested the temporal sequencing of these associations using multi-informant measurements in a large, diverse sample of adolescents at high-risk for victimization. Method Data were collected from a multi-site consortium of prospective studies, the Longitudinal Studies of Child Abuse and Neglect (LONGSCAN). Information about 833 youth’s victimization experiences (i.e., direct, indirect, familial, and non-familial violence), PTS, and affective, anxiety, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), and conduct disorder (CD) symptoms were gathered from youth and their caregivers during biannual face-to-face interviews when youth were between the ages of 4 and 14 years, and continuously from official child protective services records. Results Structural equation modeling revealed that cumulative victimization contributed to elevations in youth and caregiver reported late childhood and early adolescent psychopathology. While PTS mediated the association between victimization and youth reported ADHD, ODD, CD, major depressive, and generalized anxiety symptoms during adolescence, it only mediated the association between victimization and caregiver reported affective symptoms. Conclusions PTS reactions following childhood victimization partially accounted for escalations in psychopathology during the transition to adolescence. These findings underscore the importance of integrating trauma-informed assessment and intervention approaches with at-risk adolescents. Researchers should determine whether trauma-focused interventions sufficiently ameliorate other psychopathology among victimized adolescents or if additional interventions components are necessary.
Exploration of stable isotope analysis for tick host identification

Due to the problem of tick-borne diseases, there is a need to better understand the importance of different host species in maintaining enzootic disease cycles. We explored the utility of stable isotope analysis to identify the larval hosts of questing ixodid ticks. In laboratory experiments, we used Ixodes scapularis and two host species that are important in the Lyme disease system in eastern North America. First, we tested how effectively a short-term dietary tracer (13C in corn) was reflected in molted ticks. Second, we attempted to identify the host species (either white-footed mouse (Peromyscus leucopus) or eastern chipmunk (Tamias striatus)), based on the isotopic signature of the ticks that had fed on them. The corn isotopic signal was easily detectable in the ticks that fed on corn-diet hosts despite the brief feeding period (96h). However, we were not able to differentiate between flat Ixodes scapularis nymphs that had fed as larvae on mice vs. those fed on chipmunks. Isotopic signatures of fur from mice and chipmunks were also indistinguishable, probably due to the similar diets of these two species in the wild. We conclude that, while stable isotope analysis of ticks may not be able to distinguish between ecologically similar host species, it may be useful in sorting ticks to the level of feeding guild of the host.
The Algebra \dot{\rm U}

23.1.1. The objects of C may be regarded as modules over a certain Q(ν)-algebra \(\dot U\), in general without 1, which is a modified form of U. We prepare the ground for the definition of \(\dot U\).
Left Out? Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Poverty in the U.S.

This paper analyzes the risk of poverty for self-identified lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) people from mid-2013 through 2016 in the National Health Interview Survey, a nationally representative survey of households that includes a sexual orientation question based on identity (n = 112,143). The study tests the role of family structure—living with a spouse or partner and having children—on the risk of poverty for LGB and heterosexual respondents. After controlling for education, demographic, and health measures in a probit model, lesbians and gay men are as likely to be poor as similar heterosexuals, but bisexual women and men are significantly more likely to be poor, regardless of relationship status. Single and childless gay men are also more likely to be poor than single heterosexual men. Being in a relationship reduces the likelihood of poverty for people of all sexual orientations, but the data show evidence of a gender composition effect: married male same-sex couples are less likely and unmarried female same-sex couples more likely to be poor than their married counterparts. Marriage reduces gay men’s poverty risk more and children increase their poverty risk less than for heterosexual men.
Mitigating the Impact of Antibacterial Drug Resistance through Host-Directed Therapies: Current Progress, Outlook, and Challenges

Increasing incidences of multidrug resistance in pathogenic bacteria threaten our ability to treat and manage bacterial infection. The development and FDA approval of novel antibiotics have slowed over the past decade; therefore, the adoption and improvement of alternative therapeutic strategies are critical for addressing the threat posed by multidrug-resistant bacteria. Host-directed therapies utilize small-molecule drugs and proteins to alter the host response to pathogen infection. Here, we highlight strategies for modulating the host inflammatory response to enhance bacterial clearance, small-molecule potentiation of innate immunity, and targeting of host factors that are exploited by pathogen virulence factors. Application of state-of-the-art "omic" technologies, including proteomics, transcriptomics, and image-omics (image-based high-throughput phenotypic screening), combined with powerful bioinformatics tools will enable the modeling of key signaling pathways in the host-pathogen interplay and aid in the identification of host proteins for therapeutic targeting and the discovery of host-directed small molecules that will regulate bacterial infection. We conclude with an outlook on research needed to overcome the challenges associated with transitioning host-directed therapies into a clinical setting.
Learning Discrete Mathematics With ISETL. By Nancy Baxter, Ed Dubinsky, and Gary Levin

(1990). Learning Discrete Mathematics With ISETL. By Nancy Baxter, Ed Dubinsky, and Gary Levin. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 97, No. 9, pp. 861-864.
Assessing Correspondence Between Experimental and Nonexperimental Estimates in Within-Study Comparisons:

In within-study comparison (WSC) designs, treatment effects from a nonexperimental design, such as an observational study or a regression-discontinuity design, are compared to results obtained from...
Molecular Biology of Novel Targets Identified Through Study of Castration-Recurrent Prostate Cancer

Prostate cancer that recurs in men after complete androgen deprivation therapy remains today a lethal disease. Reactivation of androgen receptor (AR) signaling in the setting of castrate levels of androgen is widely accepted to be the dominant factor leading to prostate cancer progression. The mechanisms driving AR activation in clinical castration-recurrent prostate cancer (CRPC) are poorly understood. A number of hypotheses have been put forth to explain castrate-activated AR based on examination of patient material and the use of prostate cancer model systems. AR ligand binding domain mutations that confer gain-of-function properties through expanded use of alternative steroid ligands and overexpression of the non-mutated AR, with or without concurring genomic amplification, are two of the most widely cited hypotheses. Recently, much attention has been paid to the hypothesis that CRPC acquires the capacity to synthesize testosterone directly. Perturbation of AR signaling remains the main therapeutic objective. New drugs currently in clinical trials may offer some improved management of CRPC through antagonism of AR activity or blockage of extratesticular androgen production. Ultimately, the identification of drugs that promote selective AR degradation may have the greatest impact against the continued action of AR in CRPC.
PRODUCTION OF BIOACTIVE METABOLITES BY CELL AND TISSUE CULTURES OF MARINE MACROALGAE IN BIOREACTOR SYSTEMS

Macrophytic marine algae, commonly known as seaweeds, are a rich source of unique natural products, many of which possess significant medicinal potential. Of particular interest are bioactive compounds produced through the regio-and stereo-selective oxidation of fatty acids or the halogenation of terpenoids. Cell and tissue suspension culture systems established from macroalgae have the potential to biosynthesize these compounds in a controlled environment at a scale required for continued drug development or commercial production. We have developed several unique photolithotrophic suspension culture systems representing all three major classes of marine macroalgae, including a gametophyte cell culture from the brown alga Laminaria saccharina, a filamentous semi-differentiated tissue culture from the green alga Acrosiphonia coalita, a callus-derived clumped cell suspension culture from the red alga Agardhiella subulata, and a freely suspended microplantlet culture from Agardhiella subulata. The controlled cultivation of these culture systems was accomplished in externally illuminated stirred-tank, bubble-column, and biocoil reactor systems. Cell densities near 2 g of dry cell weight per liter were achieved with mean specific growth rates near 0.2 day’ for some cultures. The L. saccharina suspension culture system biosynthesized three bioactive hydroxy fatty acids deriving from c0-6 lipoxygenase oxidation: 15-hydroxy-5,8,11,13-eicosatetraenoic acid (15-HETE), 13-hydroxy-6,9,11,15-octadecatetraenoic acid (13-HOTDA), and 13-hydroxy-9,11-octadecadienoic acid (13-HODE) in yields ranging from 100 to 1000 µg per g of dry cell weight.
AUTOMATED MULTISPECIES BIOMONITORING EMPLOYING FISH AND AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES OF VARIOUS TROPHIC LEVELS

ABSTRACT Automated biomonitoring may provide real-time insight into cause/effect relationships between developing toxicity and a representative aquatic animal, usually fish. However, since the applicability of single-species biomonitoring information may be subject to question when viewed in light of community toxicity and ecological quality control programs, we developed a computer-assisted multiple species biosensing system for stream-side water quality monitoring. In addition to using bluegill, emphasis was placed on refining techniques for detecting species-specific bioelectric responses produced by unrestrainted mussels, burrowing mayfly nymph ( Hexagenia spp.) and preliminary work with caddis fly larva case builders. A specially designed differential amplifier was used for measuring bioelectric responses induced from specific movement activities generated by each test subject. Selected responses were detected as discrete analog signals, digitized and filed on disk. A management program provided various means for data gathering, filing and retrieval. Two pilot biomonitors were developed, each consisting of a 16-bit instrumentation minicomputer with hardcopy and modum outputs. These systems coupled to an IBM-PC based biomonitor having multichannel biosensor and physical parameter inputs, complete the present network.
Know Thyself: The Importance of Identity in Achieving Software Development Project Temporal Success

This theoretical work draws on group development literature to propose a model for increasing the likelihood of achieving temporal success within a software development (SD) environment. The study addresses a group’s temporal performance through a punctuated equilibrium (PE) lens. As a means of extending the PE model of group development for a SD project context, this research will consider social and temporal aspects of identity within each group in order to address the varying nature of temporal success. First, anthropological research on rituals in society will be applied to present a “project as ritual” perspective, where social and temporal identity are suggested to flow from the rites of passage that exist during the initial meeting and temporal midpoint of a group. Second, social identity theory will be applied to posit that both types of identity are positively associated with a group’s ability to meet temporal deadlines. This theoretical piece is expected to make two primary contributions to literature. First, group development literature is enhanced by providing an extension of the PE model to address environments where social and temporal identities are variable. This contribution is significant since it will allow researchers to apply a PE perspective in real world project team environments. Second, the research contributes to SD literature by offering a clear perspective regarding key factors that can serve to impact a SD project team’s ability to meet temporal deadlines.
The impact of emergency general surgery on end-of-life care among older patients with metastatic cancer.

56Background: Despite high post-discharge mortality among older patients with metastatic cancer who undergo emergency general surgery (EGS), little is known about the impact of EGS on the type of end-of-life care received. We sought to examine the association between EGS and established markers of high intensity or poor quality end-of-life care for cancer patients. Methods: This retrospective cohort study used 2001-2013 Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-Medicare to identify beneficiaries 65 years or older, diagnosed initially with stage IV cancer (lung, colorectal, breast, ovarian, pancreatic, or melanoma), who received one of the seven highest-burden EGS operations, and died within 180 days of surgery. Non-EGS controls were exact-matched by age, sex, race, cancer type, and cancer diagnosis date then assigned a pseudo-exposure date corresponding to the EGS date. Conditional logistic regression adjusting for region and Charlson score was performed among pairs discharged alive to compare location ...
Spatiotemporal monitoring of hydrilla [Hydrilla verticillata (L. f.) Royle] to aid management actions

Hydrilla is an invasive aquatic plant that has rapidly spread through many inland water bodies across the globe by outcompeting native aquatic plants. The negative impacts of hydrilla invasion have become a concern for water resource management authorities, power companies, and environmental scientists. The early detection of hydrilla infestation is very important to reduce the costs associated with control and removal efforts of this invasive species. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to develop a tool for rapid, frequent, and large-scale monitoring and predicting spatial extent of hydrilla habitat. This was achieved by integrating in situ and Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager satellite data for Lake J. Strom Thurmond, the largest US Army Corps of Engineers lake east of the Mississippi River, located on the border of Georgia and South Carolina border. The predictive model for presence of hydrilla incorporated radiometric and physical measurements, including remote-sensing reflectance, Secchi disk depth (SDD), light-attenuation coefficient (Kd), maximum depth of colonization (Zc), and percentage of light available through the water column (PLW). The model-predicted ideal habitat for hydrilla featured high SDD, Zc, and PLW values, low values of Kd. Monthly analyses based on satellite images showed that hydrilla starts growing in April, reaches peak coverage around October, begins retreating in the following months, and disappears in February. Analysis of physical and meteorological factors (i.e., water temperature, surface runoff, net inflow, precipitation) revealed that these parameters are closely associated with hydrilla extent. Management agencies can use these results not only to plan removal efforts but also to evaluate and adapt their current mitigation efforts.Nomenclature:Hydrilla; Hydrilla verticillata (L. f.) Royle
The Big Bad Wolf: Helping Students Conquer their Fear of the Bar Exam through P.A.S.S.- Preparation, Assessment, Self-Regulated Reflection, and Support

In light of the national decline in bar pass rates, coping with and addressing a law school’s bar passage rate is viewed by some as an insurmountable undertaking. However, I see it as an invaluable opportunity to redefine who are as law professors. Most importantly this challenge provides an opportunity for us as educators to train future attorneys to become self-aware, confident, and component to handle the challenges presented by the legal profession. The American Bar Association (“ABA”) has made it quite clear to accredited law schools and those seeking accreditation that bar passage is now a paramount factor in retaining and obtaining accreditation. To that end, year after year, proposals are being reviewed by the ABA with the overall goal of defining what is an acceptable bar passage rate for ABA approved law schools. As a result, some law schools find themselves scrambling to implement programming and courses aimed at facilitating success on the bar exam. While some will argue the bar exam itself should be the major focus of a law school’s curriculum, others will argue in the alternative that the bar exam does not accurately assess the worthiness of a law school graduate to practice law. Irrespective of the side of the argument you take, it is undeniable that helping students to acknowledge and conquer their fears associated with the bar exam is a necessary step to assist them in passing the bar exam. Often bar examinees’ fears are rooted in familial or community pressure to pass, as well as standardized testing anxieties, past failures, self-doubt, or fear of the unknown. For many bar takers, irrespective of their rank at graduation, the bar exam is cloaked in mystery, which in turn perpetuates the “Big Bad Wolf” phobia associated with the exam. While some students are able to turn the fear and anxiety into motivation to pass the bar exam, far too many become paralyzed by it. Ultimately it is that very fear and anxiety that results in students’ failing the bar exam, before they even begin. In addition to the emotional toll on graduates, failure on the bar exam can wreak havoc on a law school’s chances of being in compliance with ABA Standards, and affect both the reputation and rank of the school.
Abstract WP337: Age and Race Disparities in Statin Prescribing Persist Following Discharge for Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack

Introduction: Prescribing of high intensity statins (atorvastatin 40-80mg/d, rosuvastatin 20-40mg/d) following acute stroke and anti-coagulants in the subgroup with atrial fibrillation (AF) result ...
Analysis of evidence within the AUA's clinical practice guidelines.

INTRODUCTION Surgical subspecialty societies release clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) to provide topic-specific recommendations to healthcare providers. We hypothesize that there may be significant differences in statement strength and evidence quality both within the American Urological Association (AUA) guidelines and compared to those published by the American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons (AAOS) and American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (AAO-HNS). MATERIALS AND METHODS CPGs issued through 2017 were extracted from the AUAnet.org. Statements were characterized by evidence basis, strength, and evidence quality. CPGs were compared among urologic subspecialties and to those from the AAOS and AAO-HNS. Analysis used Fisher's exact tests and Student's t-tests with significance p < 0.05. RESULTS A total of 25 AUA CPGs (672 statements) were reviewed and 34.6% were non-evidence based with the highest proportions in pediatrics (47.5%) and sexual medicine (46.5%). The AUA has published over twice as many statements as the AAOS and quadruple that of the AAO-HNS. A smaller proportion of the AUA statements were evidence-based (65.4%) compared to the AAOS (80.5%, p < 0.001) and AAO-HNS (99.8%, p < 0.001), and fewer used "high" quality evidence (AUA 7.2% versus AAOS 21.2%, p < 0.001; versus AAO-HNS 16.1%, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The AUA has published broad CPGs that far exceed those from the AAOS and AAO-HNS. The AUA has utilized extensive resources to provide guidance to help standardize care among urologists. The AAOS and AAO-HNS may not provide guidelines when evidence is limited. With the continued increase of high quality clinical trials, the AUA will be able to continue improving its robust set of evidence-based CPGs.
Deduplication-aware I/O Buffer Management in the Linux Kernel for Improved I/O Performance and Memory Utilization

The amount of data being produced and consumed keeps increasing. As a result, there can be a large amount of redundant data in the storage system. Storing and accessing these duplicate data unnecessarily consume disk space and I/O bandwidth, respectively. Nowadays, deduplication techniques have been widely deployed to remove the redundancy. In particular, block-level deduplication solutions are proven to be effective. These solutions operate at the granularity of data blocks, are situated immediately above the disk driver layer, and are designed to be transparent to the upper-layer file system. However, such a design hides the block redundancy information from the operating system's page cache, which is a critical system component for reducing slow disk access and improving I/O performance. Consequently, the page cache may cache duplicate data blocks and unnecessarily read data that have been in the page cache from the disk. This leads to wastage of memory space and compromised I/O efficiency. In this work, we propose Dual-Dedup, a lightweight scheme that makes the page cache management aware of lower-layer block deduplication. It discloses the redundancy knowledge detected by the block-level deduplication layer to the page cache, which can then remove redundancy in the cache and prevent unnecessary read requests. We have built a prototype of the system on the Linux EXT4. Experiments result demonstrate that Dual-Dedup can significantly improve read performance. As an example, when running an FIO benchmark on a data set with 25% duplicate data, Dual-Dedup improves read throughput by 34%.
Preoperative mental health status is a significant predictor of postoperative outcomes in adolescents treated with hip preservation surgery

Abstract Purpose This study was designed to evaluate predictive factors that influence pain, mental health symptoms and postoperative outcomes at six-months post-hip preservation surgery (HPS) in a...
The efficient development of a sildenafil orally disintegrating tablet using a material sparing and expedited approach.

Abstract The purpose of this work is to develop an orally disintegrating tablet (ODT) of sildenafil (SIL) using a materials sparing and expedited development approach, enabled by the materials science tetrahedron principle and predictive technologies. To overcome the problem of bitter taste of SIL, an artificial sweetener, acesulfame (Acs), was used to form a sweet SIL salt (SIL-Acs) using an effective reaction crystallization process to prepare phase pure bulk SIL-Acs with a high yield. The SIL-Acs salt shows excellent thermal stability (Tm = 200.2 °C), low hygroscopicity, and acceptable dissolution rate. Formulation and process parameters were optimized based on powder flowability, tabletability, tablet disintegration time, and expedited friability. A particle engineering approach, i.e., nanocoating, was employed to attain adequate flowability of the SIL-Acs ODT formulation required for the direct compression process. The wide range of compression forces for making tablets exhibiting both fast disintegration time (≤30 s) and low friability (≤0.8%) suggested excellent flexibility in manufacturing SIL-Acs ODT. The development of a sildenafil ODT formulation, including solid form selection and characterization, crystallization method development, formulation development, and DC process optimization, only required 5 g of SIL citrate and 2 weeks of time.
Air Driven Electrospinning of CNT Doped Conductive Polymer Fibers for Electronics

An electrostatic and air driven (EStAD) electrospinning device was used to achieve deposition of polymer fiber mats that carry electrical charge. The EStAD device does not require the polymer stream to contact a deposition electrode, thereby allowing enhanced control and processing versatility over production of conductive polymer materials. Direct current (DC) conductivity in the fiber mats was enabled through the use of a composite multi-walled carbon nanotube-polyethylene oxide (MWCNT-PEO) blend for electrospinning (ES). The electrospun fiber mats contained three different concentrations of MWCNTs. Conductivity and resistance were measured for each concentration as an electrospun fiber mat and compared to that of a drop-cast thin film. Results showed that at 7.51 wt% MWCNTs, conductivity in the electrospun fiber mats began to approach that of the drop-cast thin films at 1.76E-01 S/cm. At the lowest weight percent tested (3.37 wt%), conductivity was still measurable at approximately 8.48E-05 S/cm and was comparable to results reported previously using traditional ES methods.
Particularities in Data as Capital

Previous research has shown that intangible capital has unusual economic characteristics. This chapter looks at these characteristics to examine distinctive economic scenarios when the data becomes a capital, start from the two particularities (i.e., value and shareability) of the data itself. These include human coordination and enterprise concentration at the future “virtual nations,” inequalities in data capital migration, and commercialization of online data remains. The two data particularities can also help to identify a core set of issues relating to data rights, many of which, mentioned continuously by both academia and industry, have been debated in an ever-growing mountain of scholarly literature. But the perspective of examining “data sovereign” here is unique.