cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Introduction to the Minitrack on Innovative Behavioral IS Security and Privacy Research

This minitrack provides a venue for innovative research that rigorously addresses the risks to information system security and privacy, with a specific focus on individual behaviors within this nomological net. Domains include work related to detecting, mitigating, and preventing both internal and external human threats to organizational security. Papers may include theory development, empirical studies (both quantitative and qualitative), case studies, and other high-quality research manuscripts.
Trimethylamine Gallane as a Precursor to Cubic Gallium Nitride and Gallium Arsenide. Metal Hydride Chemical Vapor Deposition

Cyclo-trigallazane, [H2GaNH2]3, is known to form bulk powders of the new cubic phase of gallium nitride upon pyrolysis. An explanation for this unusual example where the molecular structure of the precursor controls the crystal structure of the solid state product is presented. In a hot-wall atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition (CVD) reactor, arsine was found to react with TMAG to form films of polycrystalline GaAs which were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The growth rates for smooth films was 1-4 μm/h. In a low pressure CVD reactor, elemental arsenic vapor was also found to react with the TMAG to give GaAs thin films.
GMRES applied to the Time Spectral and Quasi-periodic Time Spectral Methods

The time-spectral method applied to the Euler equations theoretically offers significant computational savings for purely periodic problems when compared to standard time-implicit methods. A recently developed quasi-periodic time-spectral (BDFTS) method extends the time-spectral method to problems with fast periodic content and slow mean flow transients, which should lead to faster solution of these types of problems as well. However, attaining superior efficiency with TS or BDFTS methods over traditional time-implicit methods hinges on the ability to rapidly solve the large non-linear system resulting from TS discretizations which become larger and stiffer as more time instances are employed. In order to increase the efficiency of these solvers, and to improve robustness, particularly for large numbers of time instances, the TS and BDFTS methods are reworked such that the Generalized Minimal Residual Method (GMRES) is used to solve the implicit linear system over all coupled time instances. The use of GMRES as the linear solver makes these methods more robust, allows them to be applied to a far greater subset of time-accurate problems, including those with a broad range of harmonic content, and vastly improves the efficiency of time-spectral methods.
Body of Research: Impetus, Instrument, and Impediment

The ways our physicality matters as we move through the world in our own bodies of research is often veiled in the body of qualitative research. In this article, we lift the veil, striving to flesh...
Toward the Integration of Photonic Crystals with Optical Fiber

We have developed a novel silicon platform where light from optical fiber is coupled directly into and out of silicon-based photonic crystal structures with over 30dB suppression of transmission from 1400nm to 1700nm and defect energy levels tuned to within 2nm in the bandgap. Insertion losses as low as 3.5dB have been achieved. The optical spectra of our one-dimensional silicon-based photonic crystals can be quantitatively described by a simple model of light incident on a series of dielectric interfaces. The agreement between experiment and simulation and the low insertion losses are promising for the future integration of photonic crystals into optical communications.
Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Recurrent or Metastatic Human Papilloma Virus-positive Head and Neck Cancer.

Background: There are few data regarding the role of human papilloma virus (HPV) in recurrent/metastatic (R/M) head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Patients and Methods: A retrospective chart review was carried out using our electronic medical record (EPIC) for all patients diagnosed with HPV-positive R/M HNSCC between 2010 and 2014 with minimum of 6 months of follow-up in order to assess progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Results: We assessed 11 patients who underwent a variety of treatments. PFS and OS were 7 and 34+ months, respectively. Four patients (36%) were still alive and disease-free (median OS of 39+ months). Three disease-free patients had been treated with taxane, platinum and 5-fluorouracil as aggressive curative systemic therapy. Another patient treated with TPF was disease-free for 25 months and died of disease at 42 months. Conclusion: Our study demonstrates favorable prognosis for patients with HPV-positive R/M HNSCC and that aggressive systemic treatment can lead to a prolonged disease-free period or possibly cure, even after metastasis.
Investigation on Malignant Tumors and Risk Factors Among Residents of Shimen County, Hunan

Objective To investigate the prevalence of malignant tumors in recent three years in Shimen, to explore the risk factors of malignant tumors, and to provide a scientific basis for reasonable development of tumor control measures and health care strategies. Methods Retrospective investigation and field survey were conducted to know the prevalence of malignant tumors in Shimen from January 1, 2003 to December 31, 2005. The results were analyzed by descriptive epidemiological method. Results Totally 1,983,950 residents were investigated in recent three years. A total of 1,735 cases of malignant tumors were found, with the annual incidence rate of 87.45/100,000. The incidence rate of Baiyun Town was the highest (213.31/100,000). The incidence ratio of male vs. female was 1:0.71. 84.90% of the patients were farmers. The incidence rate of the group aged 70 years and above was the highest (322.59/100,000). Uterine cancer, lung cancer and liver cancer ranked the top three of the morbidities. The prevalence of malignant tumors was different among different regions. Conclusions Smoking, alcohol consumption and environmental pollution are the main risk factors in the pathogenesis of malignant tumors. Strengthening environmental protection, comprehensively popularizing health education, enhancing health promotion, and establishing residents’ health records and health inspection are the main intervention measures to control the prevalence of malignant tumors.
Implementation of Electronic Consent at a Biobank: An Opportunity for Precision Medicine Research

The purpose of this study is to characterize the potential benefits and challenges of electronic informed consent (eIC) as a strategy for rapidly expanding the reach of large biobanks while reducing costs and potentially enhancing participant engagement. The Partners HealthCare Biobank (Partners Biobank) implemented eIC tools and processes to complement traditional recruitment strategies in June 2014. Since then, the Partners Biobank has rigorously collected and tracked a variety of metrics relating to this novel recruitment method. From June 2014 through January 2016, the Partners Biobank sent email invitations to 184,387 patients at Massachusetts General Hospital and Brigham and Women’s Hospital. During the same time period, 7078 patients provided their consent via eIC. The rate of consent of emailed patients was 3.5%, and the rate of consent of patients who log into the eIC website at Partners Biobank was 30%. Banking of biospecimens linked to electronic health records has become a critical element of genomic research and a foundation for the NIH’s Precision Medicine Initiative (PMI). eIC is a feasible and potentially game-changing strategy for these large research studies that depend on patient recruitment.
Effects of water temperature on aerobic working capacity.

Abstract Four members of the Cortland State College swimming team were used to assess the effects of three swimming pool water temperatures (64, 77, and 90 F) on metabolic responses during three minutes of maximal work. Heart rates and rectal temperatures were recorded at rest and at the end of each minute of exercise. Maximal oxygen uptake determinations were made during the third minute of exercise. The water temperatures employed in this study did not significantly affect heart rates, rectal temperatures, or the maximal oxygen uptake values. Analysis of the ventilatory volume, percentage of oxygen extracted, carbon dioxide production, and oxygen consumed indicated that there was greater hyperventilation in water at 64 F than in water at 77 F.
[Milk consumption and its changing trend of Chinese adult aged 18 - 44 in nine provinces (autonomous region) from 1991 to 2006].

OBJECTIVE To investigate the age, gender and region specified milk consumption and its changing trends of Chinese 18 - 44 years old adults in 9 provinces (autonomous region) from 1991 to 2006. METHODS The data of 18 - 44 aged old adults investigated in Chinese Health and Nutrition Survey from 1991 to 2006 in 9 provinces (autonomous region) were utilized. The numbers of the subjects selected in 1991, 1993, 1997, 2000, 2004 and 2006 were 5593, 5491, 5334, 4188 and 3908, respectively. Changes of the percentage of milk consumption, average intake of daily milk and dietary calcium intake were analyzed across different groups of gender, income levels, and areas. RESULTS There was an increasing trend in the percentage of milk consumption and daily intake of milk from 1991 to 2006. The average percentage of Chinese adult milk consumption went up from 2.2% (123/5593) in 1991 to 7.6% (297/3908) in 2006 (Z = -22.16, P < 0.01). Specifically, urban adult and rural adult showed significant increase in the percentages from 9.7% (80/823) to 23.7% (112/472) (Z = -12.81, P < 0.01) and 0.1% (2/2937) to 1.8% (36/1987) (Z = -9.21, P < 0.01) respectively. Percentages of adult who ever drank milk at top income level and bottom income level increased from 4.7% (95/2006) to 14.6% (200/1373) (Z = -17.36, P < 0.01) and from 0.1% (2/1748) to 2.4% (28/1171) (Z = -9.58, P < 0.01), respectively. Meanwhile, the average daily intake of milk increased from (3.6 ± 24.6) g/d in 1991 to (11.8 ± 51.4) g/d in 2006 (F = 67.07, P < 0.01). The daily milk consumption among top income level adults and bottom income level adults increased from (8.5 ± 50.9) g/d to (23.1 ± 71.5) g/d and from (0.2 ± 6.5) g/d to (3.3 ± 23.5) g/d (F = 13.90, P < 0.01), respectively. From 1991 to 2006, milk consumers significantly promoted their percentage of achieving the Chinese dietary reference intake on calcium (800 mg/d) from 6.5% (8/123) to 12.8% (38/297) (Z = -1.67, P < 0.05), whereas this percentage increased from 1.6% (38/5470) to 3.6% (130/3611) among milk non-consumers (Z = -5.66, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION Chinese adult milk intake still remains in quite low level, and the situation of milk consumption among rural adults requires further promotion.
Questions and Generalized Quantifiers

In this paper I present the basic elements of an analysis of matrix interrogatives within the theory of Generalized Quantifiers (Barwise and Cooper 1981, Keenan and Stavi 1986, Keenan and Westerstahl 1994). Current syntactic theories defend a uniform treatment of declarative quantifiers such as every, some and most, and interrogative quantifiers such as which or what. For instance, theories of quantification within the Government and Binding framework and later developments assume that movement of declarative and interrogative quantifiers is subject to the same constraints on well-formedness (subjacency, government, both types of quantifiers bind variables, etc.) at the relevant level of representation. Thus, at least from a syntactic point of view, it seems desirable to give a uniform account of the different types of quantification. Prom a semantic point of view, we also have strong arguments in favor of the proposed connection. It can be easily noticed that interrogative quantifiers have the property of Conservativity, a property satisfied by all declarative determiners (Keenan and Stavi 1986). This sepmantic property explains why sentence (1a) is equivalent to (1b), and sentence (lc) is equivalent to (1d).
Enthalpy of Combustion

Publisher Summary This chapter presents results for enthalpy of combustion for major organic chemical compounds. The enthalpy of combustion is the net increase in heat content when a substance in its standard state at ambient conditions undergoes complete oxidation. The results for enthalpy of combustion are presented. The tabulated values are the negative of the enthalpy of combustion. A positive value as shown means that heat is released in the combustion. A negative value means that heat is required for the combustion. The results are displayed in an easy-to-use table which is especially applicable for rapid engineering usage. The organic chemicals encompass hydrocarbon, oxygen, nitrogen, halogen, silicon, sulfur and other chemical type compounds. In the data collection, a literature search was conducted to identify data source publications for the table. The publications were screened, and copies of appropriate data were made. These data were then keyed into the computer to provide a data base for use in preparing the table.
Fourier theory, uncertainty relations, and quantum phase

The problem of phase in quantum mechanics is an old one but one that has received increasing attention of late. For a single-mode radiation field with annihilation operator â there have been two recent formulations for its quantum phase, Pegg and Bamett1 have created a Hermitian phase operator ϕ ^ s by truncating the state space associated with â to the subspace spanned by the number kets {|n〉:0 ≤ n ≤ S}.
THE FORGOTTEN PARENT : UNDERSTANDING THE FORCES THAT INFLUENCE INCARCERATED FATHERS' RELATIONSHIPS WITH THEIR CHILDREN

Fathers who are in prisons and jails are not just convicts--they are parents as well. The family roles and responsibilities of incarcerated fathers, however, are seldom the focus of institutional policies, scholarly research, or child welfare services. This article examines the issues that must be addressed in designing policies and providing services that promote the maintenance of parent-child bonds and responsible parenting when fathers are incarcerated. It describes the family roles and structures of men in prison and looks at differences between public perceptions and the real-life experiences of prisoner parents. The ways in which correctional policies and child welfare practices influence and shape fathers' parenting abilities and father-child relationships are discussed, and strategies for creating a supportive environment for fathers and their children and families are proposed.
Waste brine disposal from coastal desalination plants

The impact of brine effluent from large desalting plants on the marine biota of coastal environments is reviewed. Increased salinity and temperature and the presence of heavy metals such as iron, copper and nickel are properties of waste brine which impose a potential stress on marine ecosystems. The results of engineering studies have shown that the harmful effects of waste brine can be minimized or eliminated by diluting the effluent with cooling water from the heat exchangers; by employing properly designed outfalls which will rapidly disperse the brine; and By using chelation or ion exchange systems to remove trace metals before the brine is discharged into the sea.
A semi-Lagrangian transport method for kinetic problems with application to dense-to-dilute polydisperse reacting spray flows

Abstract For sprays, as described by a kinetic disperse phase model strongly coupled to the Navier–Stokes equations, the resolution strategy is constrained by accuracy objectives, robustness needs, and the computing architecture. In order to leverage the good properties of the Eulerian formalism, we introduce a deterministic particle-based numerical method to solve transport in physical space, which is simple to adapt to the many types of closures and moment systems. The method is inspired by the semi-Lagrangian schemes, developed for Gas Dynamics. We show how semi-Lagrangian formulations are relevant for a disperse phase far from equilibrium and where the particle–particle coupling barely influences the transport; i.e., when particle pressure is negligible. The particle behavior is indeed close to free streaming. The new method uses the assumption of parcel transport and avoids to compute fluxes and their limiters, which makes it robust. It is a deterministic resolution method so that it does not require efforts on statistical convergence, noise control, or post-processing. All couplings are done among data under the form of Eulerian fields, which allows one to use efficient algorithms and to anticipate the computational load. This makes the method both accurate and efficient in the context of parallel computing. After a complete verification of the new transport method on various academic test cases, we demonstrate the overall strategy's ability to solve a strongly-coupled liquid jet with fine spatial resolution and we apply it to the case of high-fidelity Large Eddy Simulation of a dense spray flow. A fuel spray is simulated after atomization at Diesel engine combustion chamber conditions. The large, parallel, strongly coupled computation proves the efficiency of the method for dense, polydisperse, reacting spray flows.
Delayed Recanalization and Reocclusion Following Thrombolysis for Acute Stroke

Delayed recanalization and reocclusion following intravenous (IV) or intra-arterial (IA) thrombolysis for acute stroke have seldom been addressed in the literature. Indeed, I was unable to find a single study examining long-term patency rates following thrombolysis of any cerebral vessel. However, a large amount of circumstantial evidence suggests that delayed recanalization as well as reocclusion occur in some stroke patients following thrombolysis.
Neutrino astronomers seek out heavenly wonders

Very-high-energy (VHE) neutrino astronomy is an odd way to gaze at the heavens. Its telescopes lie deep under water or ice, instead of on mountaintops, and they scan the sky not by looking upwards, but by peering down through the Earth. Still, four international teams are currently building such devices, at sites ranging from the tropical Pacific and the sunny Mediterranean to the frozen wastes of Lake Baikal and the Antarctic ice cap. Three of these telescopes should be gathering data before the year is out.
Systematic Review of Antiphospholipid Syndrome and Left Ventricular Thrombus

Abstract Abstract 3182 Background: Left ventricular thrombus is a potentially devastating complication of anti-phospholipid syndrome (APLS). To date there have been no systematic reviews of this topic. Methods: We systematically searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, ISI, and CINAHL for cases of left ventricular thrombi in APLS. We also included a case seen at our institution. Both English and non-English language citations were included. Keywords included “intracardiac” AND “antiphospholipid”, or “antiphospholipid syndrome” AND “cardiac thrombus”, or in MEDLINE with MeSH operator “antiphospholipid syndrome” AND “thrombus.” A total of 669 citations were found. Twenty-six met our criteria. Result: There are a total of 28 cases of left ventricular thrombus in APLS (Table 1). The median age was 38 (±15.1 yrs). Fifteen (54%) were women, 12 (43%) were men and 1 was of unknown sex. Five (18%) died, 21 (75%) survived to discharge and 2 (7.1%) had unknown vital status. Nineteen (68%) had a positive cardiolipin antibody, 7 were unknown (25%) and 2 were negative (7.1%). Fourteen (50%) had a positive lupus anticoagulant, and 14 (50%) were unknown. Eight were treated with anticoagulation alone (29%). Of those, 7 recovered (25%) and one was unknown (3.6%). Three (10.7%) were treated with anticoagulation and corticosteroids, and all 3 recovered. In eight (29%), surgical thrombectomy and anticoagulation were utilized. Of the 8 who had surgery, 6 recovered (21%) and 2 died (7.1%). Discussion: In this systematic review we have shown that death may be less common than previously reported (33% [Lim, et. al, Intern Med J. 2004 Mar;34(3):135-7] vs. 18% in our study). A high index of suspicion is warranted. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Proximal Humeral Locking Plates for Displaced Fractures of the Proximal Humeral Humerus

Many displaced proximal humeral fractures are amenable to open reduction and fixation with a proximal humeral locking plate. Critical to success of this technique are anatomic reduction of the humeral head, avoiding varus, tuberosity reduction so that its tip is just below the top of the head, placement of the plate so that its tip is below the tip of the tuberosity, and targeting screw placement into the regions of the humeral head with the documented highest bone mineral density and resistance to screw pullout. Delaying postoperative shoulder motion until at least 2 weeks is essential for avoiding complications.
Natrium dischargement from peripheral blood as a predominant factor influenced by the administration of banana (Musa paradisiaca) on elderly female hypertensive patient

Hypertension is more common in eldery female that triggered by diet and lifestyle changes. Bananas were not only useful for the food, but also for hypertension therapy and preserving life. Administration of bananas decreased blood pressure in hypertensive patients. This study aims to identify of factors that influenced by the administration of banana (Musa paradisiaca) on elderly female hypertensive patient. Twenty of eldery female patient were divided into 2 respondents group: control (11 patients) and treatment (9 patients). The treatment groups received banana twice a day during 2 weeks, but the control group didn't. Here, we showed the administration of banana significantly decreased blood pressure on elderly female hypertensive patient (p = 0.00) in both systole and diastole. There was a significant decrease in sodium levels (p = 0.037) in the blood, but potassium levels remained the same. Erythrocyte sedimentation level (p = 0.136) and trombocyte count (p = 0.176) in treatment group, were not affected by banana administration. Taken together, banana administration on elderly female hypertensive patient decreased the blood pressure significantly, greatly affected by the natrium dischargement from the blood. Thus, our findings contribute to preliminary comprehension of banana effect on hypertension reduction.
Formation of outflow channels on Mars: Testing the origin of Reull Vallis in Hesperia Planum by large-scale lava-ice interactions and top-down melting

Abstract The Reull Vallis outflow channel is a segmented system of fluvial valleys which originates from the volcanic plains of the Hesperia Planum region of Mars. Explanation of the formation of the Reull Vallis outflow channel by canonical catastrophic groundwater release models faces difficulties with generating sufficient hydraulic head, requiring unreasonably high aquifer permeability, and from limited recharge sources. Recent work has proposed that large-scale lava-ice interactions could serve as an alternative mechanism for outflow channel formation on the basis of predictions of regional ice sheet formation in areas that also underwent extensive contemporaneous volcanic resurfacing. Here we assess in detail the potential formation of outflow channels by large-scale lava-ice interactions through an applied case study of the Reull Vallis outflow channel system, selected for its close association with the effusive volcanic plains of the Hesperia Planum region. We first review the geomorphology of the Reull Vallis system to outline criteria that must be met by the proposed formation mechanism. We then assess local and regional lava heating and loading conditions and generate model predictions for the formation of Reull Vallis to test against the outlined geomorphic criteria. We find that successive events of large-scale lava-ice interactions that melt ice deposits, which then undergo re-deposition due to climatic mechanisms, best explains the observed geomorphic criteria, offering improvements over previously proposed formation models, particularly in the ability to supply adequate volumes of water.
THE FLAPPERS: A ROMANTIC AND SEXUAL REVOLUTION IN THE TWENTIES FROM THE EYES OF FITZGERALD'S BERNICE BOBS HER HAIR

Most of Fitzgerald's novels and stories start as a romance of love or a fantasy of extravagant glamour in representing his characters. Bernice Bobs Her Hair, however, suggests Fitzgerald's different approach by reducing this element. Critics believe that it is simply because it is a short story, or maybe because it is more based on his personal concern about the society. Nevertheless, t~is work has surprised many people that latter become Fitzgerald'5 unique characteristics in writing his fictions. Compared to other Fitzgerald's work, Bernice's settings and the interplay between its characters and the places they live are quite simple. However, this simplicity contains deceptive symbolism that replicates American culture in the twenties. Fitzgerald's unparalleled representation of Jazz Age as a time of post war's confusion as well as negative consequence of industrialism is brilliantly pictured in this story. Fitzgerald uses the twenties, the time setting of the story. as a source of imagery objects that reflects social trends and individual desires. Although he uses local and restricted settings for the action site of the story, the impression of America in the twenties can be strongly feltin this story. Such quality, the writer argues, proves the outstanding ability of Fitzgerald's fiction in picturing the story with its complexities and sophistication that crosses the barrier of time and space.
Approaches to Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Childhood and Adolescence

The features of chronic inflammatory bowel diseases which are of clinical importance are emphasized and, where data are available, the findings in children and adolescents are compared with those in adults.
Bayesian multivariate meta-analysis of multiple factors

In medical sciences, a disease condition is typically associated with multiple risk and protective factors. Although many studies report results of multiple factors, nearly all meta-analyses separately synthesize the association between each factor and the disease condition of interest. The collected studies usually report different subsets of factors, and the results from separate analyses on multiple factors may not be comparable because each analysis may use different subpopulation. This may impact on selecting most important factors to design a multifactor intervention program. This article proposes a new concept, multivariate meta-analysis of multiple factors (MVMA-MF), to synthesize all available factors simultaneously. By borrowing information across factors, MVMA-MF can improve statistical efficiency and reduce biases compared with separate analyses when factors were missing not at random. As within-study correlations between factors are commonly unavailable from published articles, we use a Bayesian hybrid model to perform MVMA-MF, which effectively accounts for both within- and between-study correlations. The performance of MVMA-MF and the conventional methods are compared using simulations and an application to a pterygium dataset consisting of 29 studies on 8 risk factors.
The study and treatment of gestational trophoblastic diseases at the Brewer Trophoblastic Disease Center, 1962-1979.

The John I. Brewer Trophoblastic Disease Center of Northwestern University Medical School was founded in 1962 for the study and treatment of gestational trophoblastic diseases. From 1962 to 1984, the Center has received referrals of 4,461 patients from 42 states and 7 foreign countries. Experience gained at the Center in the management of these patients provides the basis for this report. Only patients managed at the Center up to 1979 are analyzed here in order to provide for five-year follow-up (1).
Interaural Phase and Level Fluctuations as the Basis of Interaural Incoherence Detection

Interaural coherence is a measure of the similarity of signals in a listener’s two ears. It is derived from the interaural cross-correlation function, which is a function of the interaural lag. The peak of the cross-correlation function is of particular interest. The value of the lag for which the peak occurs is regarded as the relevant interaural time difference (ITD) cue for the location of the sound image. This value of lag was given a place representation in the famous binaural model by Jeffress (1948). The height of the peak is thought to determine the compactness of the image. If the sounds in the two ears are identical except for an interaural delay, then the peak height has its maximum value of 1, and the image is expected to be maximally compact. If the height of the peak is less than 1, the image is broader or more diffuse (Barron 1983; Blauert and Lindemann 1986). Listeners are particularly sensitive to deviations from a reference coherence of 1.0. Using narrowband noise, Gabriel and Colburn (1981) found that listeners could easily distinguish between noise with a coherence of 1.0 and noise with a coherence of 0.99. A reference coherence of 1.0 is also of interest in connection with the masking level difference (MLD). Wilbanks and Whitmore (1967) and Koehnke et al. (1986) concluded that the threshold signal-to-noise ratio for a heterophasic signal in a homophasic noise is essentially determined by the ability to detect the incoherence introduced by the out-of-phase signal. The present work is also concerned with incoherence detection starting with perfectly coherent noise as a reference. Its working hypothesis is that the detection of a small amount of interaural incoherence is not based on the cross-correlation or the coherence per se. Instead, detection is hypothesized to be based on fluctuations in interaural phase difference (IPD) and/or interaural level difference (ILD) leading to salient fluctuations in the output of brainstem nuclei.
Analysis of Ergot Alkaloids in Plants and Seeds of Endophyte-Infected Tall Fescue by Gradient HPLC

The use of a gradient in HPLC analysis allows for a more complete separation of complex mixtures of ergot alkaloids, and the use of fluorescence detection permits sensitive and specific detection of those compounds having a D-8,9 configuration in the ergoline ring. This configuration also permits an epimer to form spontaneously at asymmetric C-8, which can be used to confirm the identity of analytes in complex mixtures. In the analysis of endophyte infected (EI) plants and seeds, many fluorescent peaks are commonly observed. The purpose of this study was to develop an analytical method which would resolve all of the peaks extracted from EI materials, and to identify these peaks by epimerization and mass spectrometry.
The Definition of Sympathy

In the preceding chapters we have seen how the concept of sympathy was defined and used in the works of those who were probably the most important theorists of sympathy in modern times. Although some of the writers seemed to describe rather than to define sympathy, there was considerable agreement on many of the most important features. Most of the points of agreement, as well as the problems that caused differences, will become clear in the context of this chapter. In what follows I will offer a definition of sympathy that may lend itself more readily to empirical research, while still retaining the most important agreements from the preceding discussions. In addition, I will consider at some length what sympathy is not.
Real-time visual feedback about postural activity increases postural instability and visually induced motion sickness.

Abstract Background Several studies have shown that the kinematics of standing body sway can be influenced by the provision of real time feedback about postural activity through visual displays. Research question We asked whether real time visual feedback about the position of the body’s center of pressure (COP) might affect body sway and the occurrence of visually induced motion sickness. Methods Standing participants (women) were exposed to complex visual oscillation in a moving room, a device that nearly filled the field of view. During exposure to complex visual oscillations, we provided real time feedback about displacements of the body’s center of pressure through a visual display presented on a tablet computer. Results The incidence of motion sickness was greater than in a closely related study that did not provide real time feedback. We monitored the kinematics of the body’s center of pressure before and during exposure to visual motion stimuli. Body sway differed between participants who reported motion sickness and those who did not. These differences existed before any participants experienced subjective symptoms of motion sickness. Significance Real time visual feedback about COP displacement did not reduce visually induced motion sickness, and may have increased it. We identified postural precursors of motion sickness that may have been exacerbated by the COP display. The results indicate that visual feedback about postural activity can destabilize postural control, leading to negative side effects. We suggest possible alternative types of visual displays that might help to stabilize posture, and reduce motion sickness.
Liver-related mortality in the United States: hepatitis C declines, non-alcoholic fatty liver and alcohol rise.

With the advent of highly effective and accessible direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapy for patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV), the landscape of chronic liver disease is rapidly changing. In the study by Kim et al . (1) using data from the U.S. Census and National Center for Health Statistics, a striking reduction in HCV-related mortality rates was observed from 8.14 per 100,000 persons in 2013 to 7.15 per 100,000 persons in 2016, coinciding with the approval of second generation DAAs. While inferential, as DAA use was not directly measured, these data align with other recent studies showing the association of DAAs with reversal of hepatic decompensation, reduced likelihood of liver transplant (LT) listing, and improved survival among patients with HCV-related cirrhosis (2,3). Collectively, evidence of population-level benefits of HCV treatment on liver and non-liver outcomes continues to be amassed, providing strong support of HCV elimination efforts in the U.S. and globally.
Molecular expression, characterization and mechanism of ALAS2 gain-of-function mutants

X-linked protoporphyria (XLP) (MIM 300752) is an erythropoietic porphyria due to gain-of-function mutations in the last exon (Ducamp et al., Hum Mol Genet 22:1280-88, 2013) of the erythroid-specific aminolevulinate synthase gene (ALAS2). Five ALAS2 exon 11 variants identified by the NHBLI Exome sequencing project (p.R559H, p.E565D, p.R572C, p.S573F and p.Y586F) were expressed, purified and characterized in order to assess their possible contribution to XLP. To further characterize the XLP gain-of-function region, five novel ALAS2 truncation mutations (p.P561X, p.V562X, p.H563X, p.E569X and p.F575X) were also expressed and studied. Site-directed mutagenesis was used to generate ALAS2 mutant clones and all were prokaryotically expressed, purified to near homogeneity and characterized by protein and enzyme kinetic assays. Standard deviations were calculated for 3 or more assay replicates. The five ALAS2 single nucleotide variants had from 1.3- to 1.9-fold increases in succinyl-CoA Vmax and 2- to 3-fold increases in thermostability suggesting that most could be gain-of-function modifiers of porphyria instead of causes. One SNP (p.R559H) had markedly low purification yield indicating enzyme instability as the likely cause for XLSA in an elderly patient with x-linked sideroblastic anemia. The five novel ALAS2 truncation mutations had increased Vmax values for both succinyl-CoA and glycine substrates (1.4 to 5.6-fold over wild-type), while the Kms for both substrates were only modestly changed. Of interest, the thermostabilities of the truncated ALAS2 mutants were significantly lower than wild-type, with an inverse relationship to Vmax fold-increase. Patients with porphyrias should always be assessed for the presence of the ALAS2 gain-of-function modifier variants identified here. A key region of the ALAS2 carboxyterminal region is identified by the truncation mutations studied here and the correlation of increased thermolability with activity suggests that increased molecular flexibility/active site openness is the mechanism of enhanced function of mutations in this region providing further insights into the role of the carboxyl-terminal region of ALAS2 in the regulation of erythroid heme synthesis.
Policy Traditions in American State Politics

An examination of the states across a wide range of policy innovations during three historical periods reveals policy traditions having distinctive geographic limits roughly conforming to major regions commonly recognized in American politics. Only two of these traditions, the "Southern Parochial" and the "Northeastern Bureaucratic," persist across time and even these have been weakened. This provides some evidence that while multilinear evolution along regional lines will continue to contribute to differences in policy values among the American states in the foreseeable future, sociocultural integration is the stronger dynamic in American political development, especially since about 1930. Social scientists have long recognized the unique research opportunity afforded by the American states, constituting as they do, many separate laboratories for political investigation. As these semi-autonomous political systems seek to regulate the conflicts arising among citizens within their respective boundaries, each is confronted by problems of varying degrees of uniqueness and with different historical records of managing these conflicts. Each American state, then, is more than simply a location for happenings or a holder of attributes. Each state is a complex, semi-autonomous system with patterned modes of behavior, structural regularities in social relationships, and characteristic societal attributes. And each state, in the process of acquiring its own milieu, has considerable autonomy to choose among alternative lines of development. The states are in this sense producers of values as their choices help to shape the culture, social structure, and population within their respective boundaries. As the states are also political systems acting to regulate social conflict, they continually readjust the bases of conflict in response to both internal and external changes of their milieu. Choice, then, is a key ingredient in the differences that occur among the states, and differences in choices among them arise from variations in information, values, and actions that are available to decision makers in the several states.' Certainly, previous studies of American state political behavior have addressed the element of choice even if in many cases only to stress its constraints. But the focus in most comparative studies has been on information and action with relative exclusion of value as a consideration. This emphasis flows rather naturally from subscriptions to the input-output model of systems analysis in which one looks to the conversion of demands and supports (information) to policy outcomes (actions). This view of the political process tends to ignore the fact that each step toward a policy is subject to the decisions of many agents, each deciding in the fact of a multi-valued choice. This view further tends to disregard the realm of values imposed upon the actors by previous choices not
Estimating Premorbid Ability in Rehabilitation Patients Using the Test of Premorbid Functioning and Wide Range Achievement Test-Fourth Edition.

Objective: This study examined premorbid ability estimate concordance using Test of Premorbid Functioning predicted Full Scale Intelligent Quotient (TOPF-IQ) and Wide Range Achievement Test–Fourth ...
Rhizomes in Action: International Multilingual Student Writers’ Literacies

This book chapter discusses how two international multilingual student writers (re)negotiate) their literacies within US first-year multilingual composition. First, I define multilingual literacies as rhizomatic and, further, consider this group of learners as academically mobile. Second, framed into the conceptions of New Literacy Studies (Barton et al. Situated literacies: Reading and writing in context. Routledge, London: 2000; Street, Language and Education 8(1and2): 9–7: 1994; Current Issues in Comparative Education 5(2):77–91: 2003), and Multiple Literacies Theory (Masny and Cole, Mapping multiple literacies: An introduction to Deleuzian Literacy Studies. Continuum, New York: 2012), this chapter illustrates how, based on semi-structured interviews and literacy autobiographies, their multilingual literacies constantly change and “becoming.” In conclusion, this book chapter calls faculty to approach such students’ learning through their literacy mapping within the ethnographic perspective in collaboration with other pedagogical orientations (anthropological and service learning that welcome unexpected and divergent becomings. In response to this edition call, the chapter delineates how to bridge the gap between MLT as elaboration on New Literacy Studies (NLS) and Second Language Acquisition (SLA), and on the other hand, international academic mobility and international composition studies.
‘A Horrific Impression of Jewish Martyrdom’: Regarding Extermination of Polish Jews: Album of Pictures

One of the first publications of the Central Jewish Historical Commission (Centralna Żydowska Komisja Historyczna, CŻKH) in Poland after the Holocaust was a multilingual folio volume of photos, Zag...
Exercise physiology of the left atrium: quantity and timing of contribution to cardiac output.

Diseases of the left atrium (LA) are major sources of disability (e.g., strokes and fatigue), but its exercise physiology has been unstudied. Such knowledge may allow early recognition of disease a...
“Easier, Less Stressful, and Better Results”: Sociology and Criminal Justice Majors’ Experience of Library Research before and after Library Instruction:

This article argues for the incorporation of library instruction into research methods courses to foster information literacy skills important to disciplinary specialization. The evidence in suppor...
Rethinking Premarital Agreements: A Collaborative Approach

Scholars and lawyers have told us to be wary of premarital agreements — unfairly characterizing them as being coercive, unfair, sexist, unromantic, and even predictors of future divorce. Critics argue, and the law often presumes, that default marital property laws benefit women — an argument that is outdated, at best. Modifications of the default rules, they claim, must be viewed critically in order to prevent women — who are typically in an economically inferior position — from being harmed. In order to protect a woman from the harms of negotiating with her economically superior spouse, the common law grants courts expansive authority to review marriage contracts for procedural and substantive fairness.This approach — the approach taken by most major common law jurisdictions — causes more harm than good. It is premised on several sexist and faulty presumptions and it is rarely supported by any actual data. In an effort to protect women from their own ignorance, weakness, and stupidity, the common law creates barriers to entering into premarital agreements that fail to achieve any meaningful protection. The legal profession — in viewing entry into a premarital agreement as an antagonistic process — has erected additional ethical barriers to hiring an attorney to prepare a premarital agreement. For those couples that do decide to pursue a marriage contract, the barriers put in place by the common law and by the legal profession inject unnecessary expense and adversarial decision-making to what could — and should — be a relatively inexpensive and collaborative process. Common law and the legal profession have, in a sense, created a self-fulfilling prophesy. By adopting a dual-representation, dissolution-focused model for entering into premarital agreements, we increase the chances that agreements will be coercive, stressful, and will fail to reflect the expectations of the spouses.I argue that these barriers are premised on sexist and outdated notions — notions that typically do more harm than good. Removing these barriers and empowering couples to decide how to arrange their financial affairs would have an overall positive effect on relationship stability and equality of money management within the relationship.
Religion and Public Administration: American Exceptionalism or Global Norm?

Public servants in the United States are more religious than their non-public service counterparts. The objective of this article is to determine whether this distinction holds cross-nationally. Us...
The World Is not a Field – An Interview with Michèle Lamont

In this interview, Michele Lamont discusses her intellectual trajectory in relation to other sociologists and research fields. The starting point is her relationship to Bourdieu’s field theory in 1980s Paris. She describes how her empirically grounded work developed as a critique of Bourdieu’s oeuvre yet draws heavily on it. A common thread in her work is a focus on social and symbolic boundaries and their relation to evaluation and pluralism, which she has extended from her early studies of class boundaries to empirical and theoretical work, ranging from more general cultural processes of inequality and stigmatization, to knowledge production and evaluation in academia. The importance of cumulative work in sociology and the value of a plurality of criteria of worth across different domains emerge as two central themes in the interview. Finally, Lamont reflects on the current status of the sociology discipline and its role in the public sphere. The interview took place in Lund on 7 March 2018, where Lamont was invited keynote speaker at the Sociologidagarna 2018 conference.
A uniqueness result concerning Schur ideals

A subset of the set of all positive semi-definite matrices of a given size which is invariant under Schur (componentwise) multiplication by an arbitrary positive semi-definite matrix is said to be a Schur ideal. A subset of k-dimensional complex space is said to be hyperconvex if it arises as the set of possible values (w 1 ,…, w k ) = (f(α 1 ),…, f(α k )) arising from restricting contractive elements f from some uniform algebra A to a finite set {α 1 ,…,α k } in the domain. When the uniform algebra is the disk algebra, the hyperconvex set is said to be a Pick body. Motivated by the classical Pick interpolation theorem, Paulsen has introduced a natural notion of duality between Schur ideals and hyperconvex sets. By using some recently developed results in operator algebras (matricial Schur ideals), we show that each Pick body has a unique affiliated Schur ideal.
Extremal Problems in Partially Ordered Sets

The central problem among extremal problems in partially ordered sets (posets) is to find the largest set of mutually incomparable elements in a poset. The first results were obtained by Sperner in 1928 [Sr]: the maximum-sized set of mutually incomparable subsets of an n-element set consists of those subsets with [n/2] elements, or those with [n/2] elements. A completely different approach was taken by Dilworth in 1950 [Di]: the size of the largest incomparable collection (antichain) equals the smallest number of totally ordered collections (chains) whose union includes all of the elements of the poset.
Culturing Interstitial Stem Cells in Hydra Aggregates

To investigate the growth and differentiation of interstitial stem cells of hydra, we have developed a method for culturing those cells within aggregates of cells taken from hydra previously treated with nitrogen mustard (NM) (David and Murphy, 1977; Sproull and David, 1979).