cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Equity hedge fund performance, cross-sectional return dispersion, and active share

Abstract This study examines several aspects of active portfolio management by equity hedge funds between 1996 and 2013. Consistent with the idea that cross-sectional return dispersion is a proxy for the market’s available alpha, our results show that equity hedge funds achieve their strongest performance during periods of elevated dispersion. The performance advantage is robust to numerous risk adjustments. Portfolio managers may use the current month’s dispersion to plan the extent to which the following month’s investment approach will be active or passive. We also estimate the active share for equity hedge funds and find an average of 53%. We further document the average annual expense ratio for managing hedge funds’ active share to be about 7%. This figure is remarkably close to active expense ratios reported previously for equity mutual funds, which may be interpreted as evidence of uniform pricing for active portfolio management services.
Vegetative anatomy of Pachycormus (Anacardiaceae)

Pachycormus discolor, an arborescent desert perennial endemic to Baja California, has small, pinnately compound, hypostomatic, bifacial leaves produced on short shoots and photosynthetic stem phelloderm covered by exfoliating translucent phellem. Tightly packed laminal palisade cells are filled with tannins and lack chloroplasts. Spongy mesophyll is the major photosynthetic tissue. Leaves possess unicellular trichomes with secondary walls and uniseriate trichomes with glandular heads. Schizogenous resin ducts occur in primary phloem of stems, leaves and roots as well as all living tissues of the bark. Developmental studies reveal that initiation and differentiation of foliar primordia resembles that of other dicotyledons except that tannin cells and secretory ducts arise precociously. Primary vasculature is an open sympodial system with three principal traces diverging toward each foliar primordium. The wood is highly specialized and comprises mostly unlignified cells packed with starch grains. Thick bark is mainly produced as annual layers of secondary phloem marked by a ring of secretory ducts each surrounded by tannin cells. The possible adaptive significance of these unusual anatomical features is discussed.
Assessing physician empathy using the interpersonal reactivity index: A measurement model and cross-sectional analysis

Abstract Abstract We sought to improve measurement of the constructs of sympathy and empathy using samples of 114 physicians and 95 college undergraduates. Separately by group, a structural model was developed for the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI)-putatively a four-factor questionnaire measure of sympathy and empathy. A five-factor model emerged for both physicians and undergraduates, that explained 82% and 76% of the common variance, respectively. Four factors (fantasy, perspective-taking, empathic concern, and personal distress) suggested in prior research were identified. A fifth factor—‘involvement’—ranged from detachment to absorption. All five sub-scales had acceptable central tendency, dispersion, and reliability characteristics for both samples. Cross-sectional analyses revealed that physicians are less involved and distressed than undergraduates. Correlational analyses predicting androgyny scores using the IRI subscales revealed good convergent and discriminant validity. These data suggest...
Validity of the Smarthealth Watch to Measure Heart Rate During Rest and Exercise

The purpose of this study was to examine the validity of the Smarthealth watch (Salutron, Inc., Fremont, California, USA), a heart rate monitor that includes a wristwatch without an accompanying chest strap. Twenty-five individuals participated in 3-min periods of standing, 2.0 mph walking, 3.5 mph walking, 4.5 mph jogging, and 6.0 mph running. Heart rate was simultaneously measured and recorded at 60-sec intervals using three methods: the Smarthealth wristwatch, the Polar Vantage XL monitor with an accompanying chest strap (Kempele, Finland), and an electrocardiograph, which served as the criterion method. The heart rates obtained from the Smarthealth watch were highly correlated with those from the electrocardiograph (r ≥ .95) and the standard error of estimate was below 5 bpm for all measurements. Additionally, correlation coefficients and standard errors of estimate between the Smarthealth watch and Polar heart rate monitor were ≥.97 and <3.7 bpm, respectively. However, the Smarthealth watch exhibited...
A practical synthesis of S-quinuclidine-2-carboxylic acid and its enantiomer

A short and convenient synthesis of (S)- and (R)-quinuclidine-2-carboxylic acids has been developed. The resolution of enantiomers has been accomplished by both chemical and enzymic means.
Endogenous T Cell Responses to Antigens Expressed in Lung Adenocarcinomas Delay Malignant Tumor Progression

Neoantigens derived from somatic mutations in tumors may provide a critical link between the adaptive immune system and cancer. Here, we describe a system to introduce exogenous antigens into genetically engineered mouse lung cancers to mimic tumor neoantigens. We show that endogenous T cells respond to and infiltrate tumors, significantly delaying malignant progression. Despite continued antigen expression, T cell infiltration does not persist and tumors ultimately escape immune attack. Transplantation of cell lines derived from these lung tumors or prophylactic vaccination against the autochthonous tumors, however, results in rapid tumor eradication or selection of tumors that lose antigen expression. These results provide insight into the dynamic nature of the immune response to naturally arising tumors.
Thermodynamics of alkali and alkaline earth metal ion-exchange on cerium(IV) hydrogen phosphate

ABSTRACT Thermodynamics of alkali and alkaline earth metal ions/hydrogen ions exchange on a fibrous cerium(IV) hydrogen phosphate have been investigated. Selectivities for alkali and alkaline earth metal ions increase in the order; Na+<<K+<Rb+<Cs+ and Mg2+<Ca2+<Sr2+<Ba2+, respectively. The enthalpy changes for alkali metal and Ba2+ ions/H+ exchange are negative, those for the other alkaline earth metal ions/H+ exchange are positive, indicating that the enthalpy changes for monovalent ions are more favorable than those for divalent ions. In comparison with ions of the same valency, the enthalpy change decreases with the atomic number of the metal ion corresponding to a decrease in the entropy change of dehydration in response to enthalpy-entropy compensation.
Ozone impedes the ability of a herbivore to find its host

Plant-emitted hydrocarbons mediate several key interactions between plants and insects. They enhance the ability of pollinators and herbivores to locate suitable host plants, and parasitoids to locate herbivores. While plant volatiles provide strong chemical signals, these signals are potentially degraded by exposure to pollutants such as ozone, which has increased in the troposphere and is projected to continue to increase over the coming decades. Despite the potential broad ecological significance of reduced plant signaling effectiveness, few studies have examined behavioral responses of insects to their hosts in polluted environments. Here, we use a laboratory study to test the effect of ozone concentration gradients on the ability of the striped cucumber beetle (Acalymma vittatum) to locate flowers of its host plant, Cucurbita foetidissima. Y-tube experiments showed that ozone mixing ratios below 80 parts per billion (ppb) resulted in beetles moving toward their host plant, but levels above 80 ppb resulted in beetles moving randomly with respect to host location. There was no evidence that beetles avoided polluted air directly. The results show that ozone pollution has great potential to perniciously alter key interactions between plants and animals.
A comparative study of numerical methods for calculating phase equilibrai in fluid mixtures from an equation of state

Abstract Accurate numerical methods are needed to determine phase equilibria in fluid mixtures for industrial applications, especially when mixtures exhibit critical points. In this paper we test the reliability and consistency of predictions of three major approaches for computing vapor-liquid-phase equilibria in binary fluid mixtures based on the Soave-Redlich-Kwong equation of state and van der Waals one-fluid mixing rules. These approaches are fugacity method, Gibbs minimization method and area method. To examine the accuracy of the three methods, calculated results for the vapor-liquid-phase equilibria in two selected binary mixtures, namely, carbon dioxide/butane and carbon dioxide/propane, are compared with experimental data over a range of high temperatures (278–398 K) and elevated pressures (0.3–7 MPa). It has been found that the area method, which provides both necessary and sufficient conditions for Gibbs energy minimization of the entire system, is more reliable than either the fugacity method or Gibbs minimization method in determining the vapor-liquid-phase equilibria, especially close to the critical loci of the mixtures. The Gibbs minimization performs better than the fugacity method in locating phase equilibria in the vicinity of the critical locus of the mixtures. Far away from the critical loci of the mixtures all the three methods are found to be equally reliable. The area-method-based calculations illustrate that the SRK EOS/VDW MR model can predict reasonably well the vapor-liquid-phase equilibria in these binary mixtures. However, the SRK EOS/VDW MR model, which contains only a single binary interaction parameter, is unable to describe accurately the pressure dependence of the vapor- and the liquid-phase compositions.
Implications of hydrostatic pore pressures and high crustal strength for the deformation of intraplate lithosphere

Abstract Observations from deep boreholes at several locations worldwide indicate that (i) hydrostatic pore pressures persist to depths of as much as 12 km in the upper crust, (ii) the brittle crust is in a state of failure equilibrium according to Coulomb frictional-failure theory, and (iii) bulk permeability is high — 10 −17 –10 −16 m 2 — apparently due to fluid flow along critically stressed faults. As a result of these factors, the brittle crust is stronger than it would be under near-lithostatic pore pressure conditions. This result provides a constraint on models of lithospheric deformation. Postulating that the upper and lower crust and lithospheric mantle are totally coupled and that the total strength of the lithosphere is equal to the magnitude of tectonic driving forces (∼3×10 12 N m −1 ), we have calculated lithospheric strain rates under representative thermal and rheological conditions such that the integrated differential stress over the entire thickness of the lithosphere equals the plate driving force. For a strike-slip stress state and surface heat flow of 60±6 mW m −2 , average strain rates are approximately 10 −18 s −1 under hydrostatic upper crustal pore pressure conditions, and approximately 10 −15 s −1 under near-lithostatic pore pressures. The latter strain rates are higher than either observed geodetically using very long baseline interferometry (VLBI), or estimated on the basis of plate tectonic reconstructions. Hence we argue that hydrostatic upper crustal pore pressures enable lithospheric plates to behave rigidly over time scales of tens to hundreds of millions of years.
Stratospheric trace gases in the spring 1986 Antarctic atmosphere

The atmospheric absorption features of over 500 infrared solar spectra recorded at McMurdo Station have been analyzed to determine the vertical column abundances of trace gases crucial to understanding of the 'ozone hole' phenomenon. The techniques used to retrieve the column abundances are described. Results are reported for ozone, nitrogen species, and halogen sinks and reservoirs.
Union Catalogs for Slavic Publications in American Libraries, 1931–1980

This article traces the development of a union catalog for Slavic Cyrillic publications held by North American libraries. The Slavic Union Catalog, begun by the Library of Congress in 1931, went through several iterations and two micro-publications. It was conceived initially as a supplement to the National Union Catalog, but after World War II became a critical project for Slavic studies funded by the United States Air Force and the CIA. Such outside funding was critical to the development of the catalogs, for Library of Congress funding waxed and waned over the decades. During the Cold War era and before the advent of bibliographic databases, online catalogs, and the Internet, the Cyrillic Union Catalog and its supplement, the Slavic Cyrillic Union Catalog, were primary reference tools for Slavic scholars working in the United States, but they are used less often today. Included are the results of a usage survey in 2012 among Slavic librarians and a random sampling of both catalogs for overlap with Worl...
Dual-capillary backscatter interferometry for high-sensitivity nanoliter-volume refractive index detection with density gradient compensation.

A simple, stable, ultrasensitive dual-capillary dual-bicell (DCDB) microinterferometic backscattering detection (MIBD) system was developed. In DCDB MIBD, a He−Ne laser beam passes through a half-wave plate onto the cross section of two capillaries, one for reference and another for sensing analyte. The position of the backscattered fringe from each capillary, which are in proximity or essentially identical thermal environments, was detected with matched bicell photodetectors. The configuration was found to effectively compensate for thermal drift, which is normally the major source of noise in refractive index (RI) detection systems. It is shown that passive environmental compensation leads to greatly enhanced signal in nanoscale refractometry preformed by MIBD. An order of magnitude improvement in detection limits over single channel configurations is possible. Performance reaches the 10-9 RIU level for like solvents in the presence in extremely large thermally induced RI gradients. At this level of det...
Epidemiological application of the fluorescent antibody technique. Study of a diarrhea outbreak in a premature nursery.

Four cases of diarrhea due to enteropathogenic Escherichia coli developed in a nursery for premature infants where no diarrheal disease had occurred for several months. Rectal swabs of the 36 infants and 32 personnel in the nursery were examined by standard culture methods and by the fluorescent antibody technique. Another 5 infants and 1 student nurse were found by fluorescent antibody staining to be colonized with the same organism, but cultures from feces were positive in only 2 of the colonized infants. The epidemic was controlled by isolating infants who harbored the organism, removing the nurse-carrier, and treating all infants with neomycin sulfate. The specificity, sensitivity, and rapidity of fluorescent antibody staining indicate that this method may be more useful than standard culture methods in epidemiological investigations.
Localization of the Tn5 transposase promoter using the cycling reaction of RNA polymerase

RNA polymerase is known to undergo a cycling process during initiation of transcription in vitro in which large amounts of small oligonucleotides are released. We have used this cycling reaction to determine the 5' end of the RNA synthesized from the outer ends of the Tn5 inverted repeats. By analyzing the size of the radiolabeled oligonucleotides synthesized using different labeled nucleoside triphosphates and in reactions deficient for a particular nucleoside triphosphate, the partial 5' sequence was obtained. This sequence was correlated with the DNA sequence of the region and an unambiguous origin for the mRNA was determined. The start site for the RNA, which is located at 97 base pairs from the outer ends of the inverted repeats, was confirmed by digesting gamma-32 P-ATP labeled full length (run off) transcripts with ribonuclease T1. The resulting gamma-labeled T1 generated oligonucleotide corresponded to the predicted size determined using the cycling reaction. With the knowledge of the RNA start site, the probable translation start sites for the protein(s) known to be required for Tn5 transposition can be predicted. Possible implications of the DNA sequence with respect to the regulation of the transposase are also discussed.
The Mitochondrial p55 Accessory Subunit of Human DNA Polymerase γ Enhances DNA Binding, Promotes Processive DNA Synthesis, and Confers N-Ethylmaleimide Resistance

Human DNA polymerase γ is composed of a 140-kDa catalytic subunit and a smaller accessory protein variously reported to be 43–54 kDa. Immunoblot analysis of the purified, heterodimeric native human polymerase γ complex identified the accessory subunit as 55 kDa. We isolated the full-length cDNA encoding a 55-kDa polypeptide, expressed the cDNA in Escherichia coli and purified the 55-kDa protein to homogeneity. Recombinant Hp55 forms a high affinity, salt-stable complex with Hp140 during protein affinity chromatography. Immunoprecipitation, gel filtration, and sedimentation analyses revealed a 190-kDa complex indicative of a native heterodimer. Reconstitution of Hp140·Hp55 raises the salt optimum of Hp140, stimulates the polymerase and exonuclease activities, and increases the processivity of the enzyme by several 100-fold. Similar to Hp140, isolated Hp55 binds DNA with moderate strength and was a specificity for double-stranded primer-template DNA. However, Hp140·Hp55 has a surprisingly high affinity for DNA, and kinetic analyses indicate Hp55 enhances the affinity of Hp140 for primer termini by 2 orders of magnitude. Thus the enhanced DNA binding caused by Hp55 is the basis for the salt tolerance and high processivity characteristic of DNA polymerase γ. Observation of native DNA polymerase γ both as an Hp140 monomer and as a heterodimer with Hp55 supports the notion that the two forms act in mitochondrial DNA repair and replication. Additionally, association of Hp55 with Hp140 protects the polymerase from inhibition by N-ethylmaleimide.
Identifying immediate intention during usability evaluation

Usability engineers rely on the usability information generated during evaluation activities to make decisions on which usability problems to fix and how to fix them. Anecdotal evidence, however, suggests that usability engineers often do not capture all necessary usability data, which limits their ability to understand and correct usability problems. We believe that the necessary usability data is the user's immediate intention, a term that we use to refer to the type of action involved (e.g., sensory, cognitive, physical) in the context of the user's interaction with the interface when the user experiences a usability problem. We discuss exploratory studies and an analogy to diagnosis in the medical field that led to the development of the concept of immediate intention. In addition, we introduce the Wizard, a tool for helping usability engineers identify immediate intention, and present the results of formative studies of the Wizard.
Photoemission spectroscopy using synchrotron radiation. I. Overviews of valence-band structure for Ge, GaAs, GaP, InSb, ZnSe, CdTe, and Agl

We determine bandwidths and critical-point positions with respect to the valence-band edge for the valence bands of several extensively studied semiconductors (with an accuracy of about 0.3 eV) by using photoemission densities of states derived from photoemission spectra obtained in the 24-78-eV photon energy range. These photoemission spectra were obtained using synchrotron radiation from an electron storage ring; a double-pass, electrostatic, electron energy analyzer; and samples cleaved and measured in situ in ultrahigh vacuum. We give a detailed description of the data-reduction techniques by which electronic state densities and certain valence-band feature positions are determined from photoemission spectra. This description includes a discussion of the effect of various phenomena such as optical-transition-probability variations and Auger-emission peaks. Tables are presented which compare our valence-band-position values with the results of both empirical calculations fit to optical data as well as ab initio calculations. We find systematic and significant differences between experiment and calculations fit only to optical data, these differences increasing with crystal ionicity, while ab initio calculations generally give a better fit to experiment.
Roles of Vehicle Footprint, Height, and Weight in Crash Outcomes

This study used a heteroscedastic ordered probit model to distinguish the effects of vehicle weight, footprint, and height on the severity of injuries sustained by vehicle occupants while controlling for many occupant, roadway, and other characteristics. Model results suggest that the impact of physical vehicle attributes on crash outcomes depends on the number of vehicles involved and is typically more significant in one-car crashes than in two-car crashes. Although vehicles with larger footprints and shorter vehicles were estimated to reduce the risk of serious injury for their occupants in single-vehicle crashes, they appeared to be less crashworthy in two-vehicle collisions. Heavier vehicles were anticipated to be more crashworthy regardless of crash type. Under evolving U.S. fuel economy standards, moderate changes in the weights, footprints, and heights of light-duty vehicles are estimated to have a relatively small impact on crash severities, whereas other factors, such as seat belt use, driver int...
Development of two instruments measuring social support for siblings of children with cancer.

Abstract The literature on childhood cancer provides a very limited understanding of healthy siblings' perceptions of supportive interventions during the childhood cancer experience. The purpose of this article is to discuss the development of the Nurse-Sibling Social Support Questionnaire (NSSSQ). Instrument methodology for the study involved item development, face and content validation, and internal consistency reliability as described by Hockenberry-Eaton, Manteuffel, and Bottomley (1997). Item development for the research instrument evolved from an extensive review of the literature and clinical experience of the principal investigator. Content validity of the instrument was accomplished by five experienced pediatric oncology nurses according to the methodology described by Lynn (1986). Using the content validity index, each nurse rated each item as either 4 or 5, indicating 100% agreement among experts that these items measured the concept of social support. Readability for the instrument was determined by using a computerized program. Results showed that readability was concordant with the grade school level for all items. Twenty-five school-age siblings of children with cancer and their mothers were asked to complete the questionnaire. Instrument completion was accomplished in less than 1 hour. The NSSSQ showed high internal consistencies (alpha coefficients > .90). Results indicated that siblings' perceptions of social support differed from those of their mothers. Siblings perceive emotional and instrumental support as greater in importance, whereas mothers perceive emotional and informational support as more beneficial to siblings. Support issues for siblings of children with cancer have been difficult to assess because of the lack of appropriate instruments. This study finding provides exploratory evidence to suggest that the new instrument can help measure siblings' perceptions of social support during the childhood cancer experience.
CYCLOHEXYLAMINE FOR CORROSION PREVENTION: IN STEAM‐RAISING EQUIPMENT

The treatment of water for use in steam‐raising plants has two primary objects: firstly, to maintain efficiency of operation by preventing the formation of scales and deposits on heating and cooling surfaces and in water‐carrying pipelines and, secondly, to prolong the life of the equipment by preventing corrosion of metal surfaces with which the water comes into contact. Corrosion is perhaps less obvious because the effects are not always evident until it is too late and replacement of corroded sections becomes necessary. Troubles caused by the accumulation of corrosion products, and damage by corrosion, can be avoided if appropriate agents are employed to treat the water circulating in the system. This article describes the properties and use of cyclohexylamine, a material which has found widespread application for the treatment of boiler water to prevent corrosion of metal surfaces by dissolved carbon dioxide.
Successful Implementation of the Department of Veterans Affairs’ National Surgical Quality Improvement Program in the Private Sector: The Patient Safety in Surgery Study

Background:The Veterans Affairs ’ (VA) National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) has been associated with significant reductions in postoperative morbidity and mortality. We sought to determine if NSQIP methods and risk models were applicable to private sector (PS) hospitals and if imple
Transitioning Meanings? Family Members' Communicative Struggles Surrounding Transgender Identity

With the growing number of transgender individuals coming forward, it is important that scholars turn attention to the experiences of these identities and transitions for transgender persons and their families. The present study used a relational dialectics approach to analyze communication of family members (both transgender and not) about transgender identity and transition via online postings to discussion forums. Results showed three sites of struggle present for family members and partners, as well as transgender persons: Presence vs. Absence, Sameness vs. Difference, and Self vs. Other. The presence-absence and sameness-difference struggles centered on family members' and partners' experiences with grief surrounding the transgender person's transition process and the self-other struggle was centered on the issue of support. The tensions illustrated in the data, and especially the experience of loss, indicate that family members and spouses/partners of transgender persons may struggle with meaning-ma...
Results of a National Survey on College Chemistry Faculty Beliefs and Attitudes of Assessment-of-Student-Learning Practices

Why is assessment of student learning important? The National Science Education Standards chapter on Assessment in Science Education states that assessment is “primary feedback” [1]. Assessment of learning supplies instructors with feedback on how well their students are learning course material, and students are provided information about how well they are meeting teachers’ expectations. Assessment of learning is useful for communicating the expectations of an educational program. Communication helps instructors know what to teach, how to teach, and where to find the material to teach. Assessment of student learning can also be used for program planning and improvement. For example, placement tests can be used as advising tools. Student work, in the form of portfolios, might serve as partial evidence of the quality of an undergraduate chemistry program. In summary, assessment of learning can provide information to: Students, about the extent of their learning and possibilities for success in future courses. Faculty, about the extent to which their teaching practices are facilitating student learning, and how they might make modifications to those practices. Administrators and other stakeholders, about course articulation, program effectiveness, and what students are able to do as they complete a program. A comprehensive literature review about assessing learning in K-12 science education has examined assessment of learning techniques as well as policy-related issues [2].
Commuting transfer matrices in the chiral Potts models: Solutions of star-triangle equations with genus>1

Abstract We present solutions of the star-triangle equations which are uniformized by curves of genus greater than one. One particular solution which is relevant to the commensurate-incommensurate transition in the chiral three-state Potts model has genus 10 if T ≠ T c and genus 1 if T = T c . Solutions for N >3 are also presented.
An experimental and theoretical study of the PVT equation of state of butadiene and isoprene elastomers to 200°C and 200 MPa

We have performed and analyzed extensive pressure-volume-temperature (PVT) measurements on uncrosslinked polybutadiene and polyisoprene elastomers from ambient temperature to about 200°C and 200 MPa. In the polybutadiene series, 1,2 content varied from 8 to 87%, the remainder being similar amounts of cis-1,4 and trans-1,4. In the polyisoprene series the 3,4 content varied from 8 to 64%, the trans-1,4 content was 12–16%, and the remainder was cis-1,4, with < 4% 1,2 content. We report parameters describing the experimental data in terms of the empirical Tait equation, the cell model, the Simha-Som-cynsky equation, the Sanchez-Lacombe, and the Flory-Orwoll-Vrij models. In general the parameters show systematic changes with the microstructure content. The agreement between theory and experiment is excellent for the Tait equation, and also for the Simha-Somcynsky model and the cell model. The maximum deviation between theory and experiment was less than 0.004 cm3/g for the Simha-Somcynsky theory, and less than 0.005 cm3/g for the cell model. Average absolute deviations are three to four times less. For the Sanchez-Lacombe and the Flory-Orwoll-Vrij models, the maximum deviations are 5–8 times as large, and very systematic. Parameter derived from the Simha-Somcynsky theory are discussed with respect to the microstructure, and with respect to the glass transition of these two series of materials. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Deaf Speakers' Laryngeal Behavior

The purpose of this study was to compare deaf speakers' (n = 4) laryngeal behavior during voiced and voiceless consonant productions to that of normal hearing subjects (n = 4). Laryngeal behavior d...
Effects of Lemon Bioflavonoid Complex in a Clinical Case of the Hemorrhagic Syndrome

Abstract THE condition known as the hemorrhagic syndrome (Baker and Jaquette, 1953; Cartrite, 1954) or avian aplastic anemia (Hanley, 1962) occurs sporadically in Central Louisiana in both broilers and young pullets. The outbreaks are usually severe and fail to respond to any one or a combination of treatments; mortality has exceeded 20% in some instances with complications such as CRD, coccidiosis, enterohepatitis, and peritonitis expected in most cases. The usefulness and productivity of the surviving birds is greatly reduced. The condition has caused serious economic loss among some of the progressive producers and remains a constant threat (Kaiser, 1958). Warter et al. (1948) reported that hesperidin-C had a beneficial effect on capillary fragility in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Other investigators worked with capillary permeability and the effects of the “vitamin P-like” compounds (Haley, 1951). The role of the citrus bioflavonoids in reducing capillary fragility has been investigated in several fields and has…
Effect of Microstructure And Pore Fluid On the Elastic Properties of Carbonates

A systematic study of the elastic behavior of about 50 samples representing a range of carbonate facies has been undertaken. The following petrophysical properties are planned to be measured: density, porosity, mineralogy, thin section petrography, SEM studies, compressional and shear waves velocity as a function of effective pressure and pore fluid (air, mineral spirits and brine), capillary pressure by high pressure mercury injection, and NMR. Initial results show significant effect of microstructure on pressure dependence of the elastic properties. Dispersion in elastic properties is observed. The dispersion is found to vary with type of pore fluid and reduces at higher pressures.
Feeding Value of Roasting Soybeans for Dairy Cows

Abstract In a 60-day reversal trial with two groups of six lactating cows, roasting soybeans at 118 C for approximately 3.5 minutes increased their acceptability in the concentrate mixture (P .05).
A laboratory demonstration of the capability to image an Earth-like extrasolar planet

The detection and characterization of an Earth-like planet orbiting a nearby star requires a telescope with an extraordinarily large contrast at small angular separations. At visible wavelengths, an Earth-like planet would be 1 x 10(-10) times fainter than the star at angular separations of typically 0.1 arcsecond or less. There are several proposed space telescope systems that could, in principle, achieve this. Here we report a laboratory experiment that reaches these limits. We have suppressed the diffracted and scattered light near a star-like source to a level of 6 x 10(-10) times the peak intensity in individual coronagraph images. In a series of such images, together with simple image processing, we have effectively reduced this to a residual noise level of about 0.1 x 10(-10). This demonstrates that a coronagraphic telescope in space could detect and spectroscopically characterize nearby exoplanetary systems, with the sensitivity to image an 'Earth-twin' orbiting a nearby star.
Child Sexual Abuse History and Feminine Gender-Role Identity

The association between child sexual abuse (CSA) and feminine gender-role identity was examined among 75 women with and 107 without a history of CSA. Undergraduates and hospital employees from a university in the Southern United States completed questionnaires on the internet. Three aspects of feminine identity were assessed, including how much participants identified with feminine versus masculine traits, endorsed stereotypes about women, and viewed themselves as meeting feminine self-standards. Participants with a history of CSA reported greater feminine self-discrepancy and endorsed more derogatory stereotypes about women than the comparison group. CSA was also linked to identifying with more feminine than masculine traits, but only among hospital employees. Results suggest that feminine identity is a meaningful construct to consider in the adjustment of CSA survivors.
Interview with Guillermo Arrévalo, a Shipibo Urban Shaman, by Roger Rumrrill

Abstract Roger Rumrrill, a journalist headquartered in Lima, Peru who is a noted expert on the Peruvian Amazon, interviewed Guillermo Arrevalo, a Shipibo urban shaman in Pucallpa, who utilizes ayahuasca in curing rituals. Sr. Arrevalo comments on the phenomenon known as drug tourism, where urban men and women provide tours for foreigners, for a price, to experience drug-induced mystical experiences in urban settings like lquitos and Pucallpa, Peru, as well as in Brazil, Bolivia and Ecuador. Arrevalo distinguishes between folkloric shamanism and touristic practices which are currently in vogue and, in his opinion, are the result of people trying to resolve personal problems. Arrevalo sees a spiritual and psychological crisis in Europe and North American society. The Shipibo shaman laments the misuse of toxic plants as additives to the ayahuasca potion and the damage that these plants cause to the unsuspecting tourist who doesn't really get his money's worth from shamans without experience, people who are l...
Cortlandt-Beemerville magmatic belt: a probable late Taconian alkalic cross trend in the central Appalachians

A belt of alkalic to alkalic-calcic pipes, lamprophyres, and intrusive complexes of probable Late Ordovician age extends from the Peach Lake–Croton Falls area of Westchester County, New York, about 100 km S80°W to Beemerville, New Jersey. The rocks are intruded across a Taconic dynamothermal belt ranging from sillimanite grade on the east to chlorite grade on the west. Foliated Middle Ordovician and older rocks containing slaty cleavage or coarser grained metamorphic fabrics are crosscut by dikes that are posttectonic to late syntectonic relative to the Taconian dynamothermal events. Analysis of thrust faults and fold structures within this belt suggests that this cross-grain belt of alkalic to weakly alkalic rocks intruded steeply dipping brittle fractures trending N40° to 50°W, N35° to 60°E, and N70° to 80°E and along more ductile zones trending N20° to N70°E. This plutonic activity was restricted to a discrete east-west belt. The clear posttectonic to syntectonic nature of the dikes and the spatial and temporal association with Ordovician tectonism suggest that magmatic activity may be related to fracturing of mantle rock at the junction of two salients of Taconic age that intersect in the New York recess. The tectonic setting of the intrusive belt is unusual because it is associated in space and time with compressional tectonics of the Taconic orogeny, rather than with extensional rifting.
CELLULAR ENERGY METABOLISM DURING HYPOXIA

Tissue hypoxia is frequently seen in critically ill patients and it perhaps predisposes these patients to development of multiple system organ failure. In cellular terms, hypoxia is characterized by decreases in the intracellular concentration of oxygen, leading to a decline in aerobically produced
Coherence for Product Monoids and their Actions

Let \((A,\mu^A, \eta^A)\) and \((B, \mu^B, \eta^B)\) be two monoids (algebras) in a monoidal category \({\left( {{\user1{\mathcal{V}}}{\text{,}}\,{\user1{\square }},\,e} \right)}\). Further let \(\iota: B\Box A \to A\Box B\) be a distributive law in the sense of [J. Beck, Lect. Notes Math., 80:119–140, 1969]; \(\iota\) naturally yields a monoid \((A\Box B, \eta, \mu)\). Consider a word \(W'\) in the symbols \(A\), \(B\), and \(e\). The first coherence theorem proved in this paper asserts that all morphisms \(W' \to A\Box B\) coincide in \({\user1{\mathcal{V}}}\), provided they arise as composites of morphisms which are \(\Box\)-products of \({\user1{\mathcal{V}}}\)’s ‘canonical’ structure morphisms, and of \(1_A\), \(1_B\), \(1_e\), \(\eta^A\), \(\mu^A\), \(\eta^B\), \(\mu^B\), and \(\iota\). Assume now that an object \(X\) is endowed with both an \({\left( {A,\mu ^{A} ,\eta ^{A} } \right)}\) -object structure \((X,\nu^A)\), and an \({\left( {B,\mu ^{B} ,\eta ^{B} } \right)}\) -object structure \((X,\nu^B)\). Further assume that these two structures are compatible, in the sense that they naturally yield an \({\left( {A\Box B,\mu ,\eta } \right)}\)-object \((A\Box B, \nu)\). Let \(W''\) be a word in \(A\), \(B\), \(e\), and \(X\), which contains a single instance of \(X\), in the rightmost position. The second coherence theorem states that all morphisms \(W'' \to X\) coincide in \({\user1{\mathcal{V}}}\), provided they arise as composites of morphisms which are \(\Box\)-products of \({\user1{\mathcal{V}}}\)’s ‘canonical’ structure morphisms, and of \(1_A\), \(1_B\), \(1_e\), \(\eta^A\), \(\mu^A\), \(\eta^B\), \(\mu^B\), \(\iota\), \(\nu^A\), and \(\nu ^{B} \).
Determination of complex reaction mechanisms : analysis of chemical, biological, and genetic networks

We present several methods of determining, not guessing, complex chemical reaction mechanisms and their functions. One method is based on the theory of correlation functions of measured time series of concentrations of chemical species; another is on measurements of temporal responses of concentrations to various perturbations of arbitrary magnitude; a third deals with the analysis of oscillatory systems; a fourth is on the use of genetic algorithms to determine functions of chemical reaction networks. All methods are applicable to chemical, biochemical, and biological reaction systems and to genetic networks and systems biology. The methods depend on the design of appropriate experiments on the whole system and corresponding theories for interpretation that lead to information on the causal chemical connectivity of species, on reaction pathways, on reaction mechanisms, on control centers in the system, and on functions of the system. The first three methods require no assumption of a model or hypothesis, nor extensive calculations, unlike the interpretation of measurements made on a gene network at only one time.
Life testing and failure analysis of GaN/AlGaN/InGaN light-emitting diodes

Our studies of device lifetime and the main degradation mechanisms in Nichia blue LEDs date back to Spring 1994. Following the initial studies of rapid failures under high current electrical pulses, where metal migration was identified as the cause of degradation, we have placed a number of Nichia NLPB-500 LEDs on a series of life tests. The first test ran for 1000 hours under normal operating conditions (20 mA at 23 degree(s)C). As no noticeable degradation was observed, the second room temperature test was performed with the same devices but with a range of currents between 20 and 70 mA. After 1600 hours, some degradation in output intensity was observed in devices driven at 60 and 70 mA, but it was still less than 20%. The subsequent tests included stepping up the temperature by 10 degree(s)C in 500 h intervals up to a final temperature of 85 degree(s)C using the same currents applied in the second test. This work reviews the failure analysis that was performed on the degraded devices and the degradation mechanisms that were identified.
Coliphage prevalence in high school septic effluent and associated ground water

Abstract At the present time, somatic and male-specific coliphage and human enterovirus groups are being considered as indicators of possible pathogenic human enteric virus contamination from fecal contamination. A primary attribute for any indicator of fecal contamination is its prevalence at the source and in associated ground water. It must be consistently found in the source material at concentrations that are measurable with available techniques. Over a period of ten months, male-specific and somatic coliphage ranged from ∼7000 to ∼4,000,000 PFU/L in the effluent from a multi-user septic-tank. Unlike the values determined for septic-tank effluent, coliphage concentrations measured in ground water over this same period only varied by five-fold. Coliphage concentration in ground water under the down-gradient edge of the drainfield contained ∼1000 PFU/L. This concentration decreased at −1 log10/5 m during 17.4 m of ground-water transport. From these data, coliphage concentrations in septic-tank effluent seem sufficient to allow their use as indicators of fecal contamination in ground water.
Virtual haptic overlays enhance performance in telepresence tasks

An empirical study was performed in which human subjects were asked to execute a peg- insertion task through a telepresence link with force-feedback. Subjects controlled a remote manipulator through natural hand motions by using an anthropomorphic upper body exoskeleton. The force-reflecting exoskeleton could present haptic sensations in six degrees of freedom. Subjects viewed the remote site through a high fidelity stereo vision system. Subjects performed the peg-insertion task under three different conditions: (1) in-person (direct manipulation), (2) through the telepresence link (telemanipulation), and (3) through the telepresence link while using abstract virtual haptic overlays known as `virtual fixtures' (telemanipulation with virtual fixturing). Five different haptic overlays were tested which included virtual surfaces, virtual damping fields, virtual snap-to-planes, and virtual snap-to- lines. Results of subject testing confirmed that human performance was significantly degraded when comparing telepresence manipulation to direct in-person manipulation. Results also confirmed that by introducing abstract haptic overlays into telepresence link, operator performance could be restored closer to natural in-person capacity. The use of 3D haptic overlays were found to as much as double manual performance in the standard peg-insertion task.
Collagen gene expression and mechanical properties of intervertebral disc cell–alginate cultures

Cells of the intervertebral disc have a limited capacity for matrix repair that may contribute to the onset and progression of degenerative disc changes. In this study, the biosynthetic capacity of cells isolated from specific regions of the porcine intervertebral disc was evaluated in vitro. Using a competitive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction technique, gene expression levels for types I and II collagen were quantified in cells cultured for up to 21 d in a three-dimensional alginate culture system and compared to levels obtained for cells in vivo. The mechanical properties of cell-alginate constructs were measured in compression and shear after periods of culture up to 16 weeks. Cells from the anulus fibrosus expressed the most type I collagen mRNA in vivo and in vitro, while cells from the transition zone expressed the most type II collagen mRNA in vivo and in vitro. Mechanical testing results indicate that a mechanically functional matrix did not form at any time during the culture period; rather, decreases of up to 50% were observed in the compressive and shear moduli of the cell-alginate constructs compared to alginate with no cells. Together with results of prior studies, these results suggest that intervertebral disc cells maintain characteristics of their phenotype when cultured in alginate, but the molecules they synthesize are not able to form a mechanically functional matrix in vitro.
Substrate use during and following moderate- and low-intensity exercise: Implications for weight control

Substrate utilization during and after low- and moderate-intensity exercise of similar caloric expenditure was compared. Ten active males [age: 26.9 (4.8) years; height: 181.1 (4.8) cm; Mass: 75.7 (8.8) kg; maximum O2 consumption (VO2max): 51.2 (4.8) ml x kg(-1) x min(-1)] cycled at 33% and 66% VO2max on separate days for 90 and 45 min, respectively. After exercise, subjects rested in a recumbent position for 6 h. Two h post-exercise, subjects ate a standard meal of 66% carbohydrate (CHO), 11% protein, and 23% fat. Near-continuous indirect calorimetry and measurement of urinary nitrogen excretion were used to determine substrate utilization. Total caloric expenditure was similar for the two trials; however, significantly (P < 0.05) more fat [42.4 (3.6) g versus 24.0 (12.2) g] and less CHO [142.5 (28.5) g versus 188.8 (45.2) g] was utilized as a substrate during the low-intensity compared to the moderate-intensity trial. Protein utilization was similar for the two trials. The difference in substrate use can be attributed to the exercise period because over twice as much fat was utilized during low-intensity [30.0 (11.0) g] compared to moderate-intensity exercise [13.6 (6.6) g]. Significantly more (P < 0.05) CHO was utilized during the moderate-intensity [106.0 (27.8) g] compared to the low-intensity exercise [68.7 (20.0) g]. Substrate use during the recovery period was not significantly different. We conclude that low-intensity, long-duration exercise results in a greater total fat oxidation than does moderate intensity exercise of similar caloric expenditure. Dietary-induced thermogenesis was not different for the two trials.
Hypera postica [Col.: Curculionidae] and its natural enemies in Maryland and West Germany-1971

A comparative study of field populations ofHypera postica (Gyllenhal), the alfalfa weevil, and its natural enemies was conducted in Maryland and West Germany in 1971. Populations of alfalfa weevil larvae peaked at 231/.09 m2 in Maryland versus 45/.09 m2 in West Germany. The ichneumonid parasiteBathyplectes curculionis (Thomson), and the eulophid,Tetrastichus incertus (Ratzeburg), were recovered in both Maryland and West Germany.Bathyplectes anurus (Thomson) was recovered only in West Germany, and the braconid,Microctonus colesi Drea, was recovered only in Maryland. A review of the agricultural practices and climatological conditions indicated that these factors may contribute to the regulation of the alfalfa weevil in West Germany and the United States. This paper is the 2nd in a series of 3 studies on the biology, ecology and biological control of the alfalfa weevil from 1966–1979.