cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Volume and Movement Affecting Flow of Injectate Between the Biceps Tendon Sheath and Glenohumeral Joint: A Cadaveric Study

OBJECTIVE. The objective of our study was to determine if flow of injectate between the biceps tendon sheath and the glenohumeral joint is a function of injectate volume or of motion of the upper extremity. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Sixteen upper-extremity fresh-frozen cadaveric specimens were used. Initially, three ultrasound-guided biceps tendon sheath injections were performed using 2, 5, and 10 mL of contrast material. Immediately after the injections, the specimens were imaged using CT. If contrast material was not visualized within the glenohumeral joint, the specimen was manipulated for 5 minutes and reimaged using CT to assess for contrast material within the joint. Five separate ultrasound-guided glenohumeral joint injections were also performed using 5 mL (three specimens), 10 mL (one specimen), and 15 mL (one specimen) of contrast material. The specimens underwent CT, and the presence or absence of contrast material in the biceps tendon sheath was documented before and after manipulation. Next, ei...
On constitutive relations for a rod-based model of a pneu-net bending actuator

Abstract The recent surge of interest in soft robotics has led to interesting designs and fabrication of flexible actuators composed of soft matter. Modeling these actuators to obtain quantitative estimates of their dynamics is challenging. In the present paper, a rod-based model for a popular pneumatically activated soft robot arm is developed. The model is based on Euler’s theory of the elastica and is arguably the simplest possible model. Through a synthesis of experiment and theory, we find that the constitutive relations needed to accurately capture the deformation of the arm differ considerably from the simple classical relation that the bending moment is linearly proportional to a change in curvature. The present paper also provides a framework to evaluate whether future soft robot actuator designs can be captured using simple models.
Controlling the Structure and Size of Au Nanocrystals by Annealing and Ion Sputtering

In situ thermal annealing was used for the first time to observe directly that Au nanoparticles, which were originally fully embedded in the near-surface region of TiO2, can be tailored into hemispheres exposed at the surface at elevated temperature. Precise control of the size of the Au hemispheres was achieved by subsequent low-energy ion sputtering. This method can be used to control the structure and size of a wide variety of nanoparticles in a matrix where surface structure and particle size are required to obtain specific material properties.
Homogeneity of Particle Dispersion in Slag/Cement Blends and its Effect on Hydration Rate

Effective particle dispersion is believed to play a significant role in hydration reactivity of slag/cement blends and consequently on the development of physical and mechanical properties of the hardened pastes. The effects of various factors (superplasticizer and mixing time) on the particle dispersion were evaluated using a computer controlled scanning electron microscope. Backscattered electron signals and elemental maps were resolved for polished mounts of slag and cement particle mixtures. The adequacy of dispersion of slag and cement particles was determined by analyzing about 1000 particles per analysis with appropriate calculations and statistical treatment. These results were related to the hydration behavior of the slag/cement blends. The results obtained can be used to evaluate some of the physical phenomena and the kinetics of slag-cement hydration.
Administrative Strategy For A Graduate School Of Administration

Graduate education alone, for administration in business, government, universities, or hospitals, increasingly fails to cover the needs of our kind of society and the requirement for improved disci...
73 IS METABOLIC SYNDROME AN INDEPENDENT RISK FACTOR FOR CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE

Introduction Metabolic syndrome consists of a constellation of metabolic abnormalities that include glucose intolerance, obesity, elevated blood pressure, and dyslipidemia. There are conflicting results in the medical literature as to whether the components of the metabolic syndrome, taken together or individually, can improve existing formulas such as the Framingham risk score for estimating the 10-year risk for cardiovascular disease. The purpose of this study was to determine if the metabolic syndrome is an independent risk factor for the presence of coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods A total of 174 patients with no known history of CAD who presented for elective cardiac catheterization were included in the study. These patients were evaluated for the presence (M+) or absence (M-) of the metabolic syndrome using the NCEP-ATP III criteria; CAD was defined as the presence of at least 70% stenosis in one of the three major coronary vessels or one of their significant branches or 50% stenosis in the left main coronary artery. The relationship between the metabolic syndrome and the presence of CAD was assessed by using the Pearson chi-square test. Results Metabolic syndrome was present in 95/174 patients (54.6%), and M+ was significantly more likely to have CAD than M- (43% vs 28%, p = .036). There was no significant difference between M+/M- with regard to the mean Framingham risk score or for age, tobacco use, or family history of CAD; there was a significantly increased prevalence of DM (defined as fasting blood sugar > 126 mg/dL or DM Rx) in the M+ group (p Conclusion Metabolic syndrome, independent of diabetes mellitus, is not a risk factor for obstructive coronary artery disease.
MQ-hCN-based pulse sequences for the measurement of 13C1'-1H1', 13C1'-15N, 1H1'-15N, 13C1'-13C2', 1H1'-13C2',13C6/8-1H6/8, 13C6/8-15N, 1H6/8-15N, 13C6-13C5, 1H6-13C5 dipolar couplings in 13C, 15N-labeled DNA (and RNA).

A suite of multiple quantum (MQ) HCN-based pulse sequences has been developed for the purpose of collecting dipolar coupling data in labeled nucleic acids. All the pulse sequences are based on the robust MQ-HCN experiment which has been utilized for assignment purposes in labeled nucleic acids for a number of years and provides much-needed resolution for the dipolar coupling measurements. We have attempted to collect multiple couplings centered on the 13C1′ and 13C6/8 positions. Six pulse sequences are described, one each for measurement of one-bond 13C1′-1H1′ and 13C6/8-1H6/8 couplings, one for measurement of one-bond 13C1′-15N and two-bond 1H1′-15N couplings, one for measurement of one-bond13C6/8-15N and two-bond 1H6/8-15N couplings, one for measurement of one-bond 13C1′-13C2′ and two-bond 1H1′-13C2′ couplings, and one for measurement of one-bond 13C6-13C5 and two-bond 1H6-13C5 couplings in the bases of C and T. These sequences are demonstrated for a labeled 18 bp DNA duplex in a 47 kDa ternary complex of DNA, CBFβ, and the CBFα Runt domain, thus clearly demonstrating the robustness of the pulse sequences even for a very large complex.
I. GROWTH AND ACID PRODUCTION: GROWTH AND ACTIVITY OF LACTIC-ACID BACTERIA IN SOYMILK

Soymilk with a protein content similar to that of cow's milk was prepared from soybeans (variety Chippewa 64). Soybeans were washed, soaked until 1 ml of water per gram of beans was absorbed, comminuted with water equivalent to 7.6 times their dry weight, and the mixture filtered through cheese cloth to obtain an aqueous extract free of large particles. Growth rates of 13 species of lactic-acid bacteria in sterile soymilk were generally greater than or comparable to those in cow's milk or Elliker's broth. Acid production in soymilk was not always directly related to growth rates of the organisms. Substantial formation of acid was limited to those bacteria able to utilize the sugars in soymilk, e.g., Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus delbrueckii, Lactobacillus pentosus, and Leuconostoc mesenteroides. Sources of readily available nitrogen (e.g., protein digests), when added to soymilk, enhanced acid production by S. thermophilus, the Leuconostoc species, and L. pentosus; appeared inhibitory to L. de...
Lateralization of simulated sources and echoes differing in frequency based on interaural temporal differences.

This study examined listeners' ability to process interaural temporal differences (ITDs) in one of two sequential sounds when the two differed in spectral content. A correlational analysis assessed weights given to ITDs of simulated source and echo pulses for echo delays of 8–128 ms for conditions in which responses were based on the source or echo, a 3000-Hz Gaussian (target) pulse. The other (distractor) pulse was spectrally centered at 1500, 2000, 3000, 4000, or 5000 Hz. Also measured were proportion correct and proportion of responses predicted from the weights. Regardless of whether the echo or source pulse served as the target, target weight, and proportion correct increased with increasing distractor frequency, consistent with low-frequency dominance [Divenyi, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 91, 1078–1084 (1992)]. Effects of distractor frequency were observed at echo delays out to 128 ms when the source served as the target, but only out to 64 ms when the echo served as the target. At echo delays beyond 8 ms, ...
Overview of the Business Case Writing Process

Why would busy executives participate in business case studies? The relationship that develops between executives and faculty through the case writing process is a powerful example of sharing and trust. And because a number of executives are unaware of what exactly the process entails, they ask for a description of it. This note describing the process may be customized to suit the needs of all case writers. Excerpt UVA-PHA-0065 Apr. 12, 2012 OVERVIEW OF THE BUSINESS CASE WRITING PROCESS A business case is a narrative of a business situation as faced by a particular person in a particular organization. Cases typically contain data that are relevant and available to the key person in the case—the protagonist—as well as background information about the organization. Effective business cases enable students to learn about decision making by putting themselves in the shoes of actual managers. Students analyze situations, develop alternatives, choose plans of action and implementation, and defend their findings. Cases are used to test the student's understanding of theory, to connect theory with application, and to develop practical insight or wisdom. A manager's willingness to provide material for a case is, in a sense, an in-kind donation to management education. Case Confidentiality Each case requires the consent of the organization and the individual(s) about whom the case is written. Throughout the case writing process, strict confidentiality is maintained. None of the material provided is disclosed without express permission. Any proprietary information, such as interview notes and company documents, is confidential. The case may be used only after a designated person in the organization signs a release. . . .
Photon-efficient super-resolution laser radar

The resolution achieved in photon-efficient active optical range imaging systems can be low due to non-idealities such as propagation through a diffuse scattering medium. We propose a constrained optimization-based frame- work to address extremes in scarcity of photons and blurring by a forward imaging kernel. We provide two algorithms for the resulting inverse problem: a greedy algorithm, inspired by sparse pursuit algorithms; and a convex optimization heuristic that incorporates image total variation regularization. We demonstrate that our framework outperforms existing deconvolution imaging techniques in terms of peak signal-to-noise ratio. Since our proposed method is able to super-resolve depth features using small numbers of photon counts, it can be useful for observing fine-scale phenomena in remote sensing through a scattering medium and through-the-skin biomedical imaging applications.
Direct Visualization of Arterial Emboli in Moyamoya Syndrome

Background: Hemodynamic insufficiency is often considered the cause of ischemic stroke in patients with moyamoya syndrome. While high-intensity transient signals (HITS) on transcranial Doppler (TCD) have been reported in this population, the relationship between these signals and ischemic symptoms is not clearly established. Accordingly, current treatment is directed at improving perfusion. Clinical Presentation: We present two patients with symptoms of cerebral ischemia and angiographic findings of moyamoya syndrome. In each case, ischemia may have been caused by either hypoperfusion or embolization. Patient A presented with multifocal right middle cerebral artery (MCA) territory infarctions and angiographic findings consistent with moyamoya disease. She underwent right superficial temporal artery (STA)-MCA bypass. Intra-operatively, embolic material was observed and recorded traveling through the recipient MCA branch artery on two occasions. Post-operative TCD demonstrated HITS that resolved with uptitration of antiplatelet therapy. Patient B presented with multifocal, embolic-appearing left MCA infarctions and unilateral angiographic moyamoya syndrome. She was found to have HITS in the left MCA, which eventually resolved with a combination of antiplatelets and anticoagulation. Conclusion: Hemodynamic compromise may not be the only cause of brain infarction in patients with moyamoya syndrome. Observations from these two patients provide both direct visualization and TCD evidence of embolization as a potential etiology for brain ischemia. Future investigations into the role of antithrombotic agents should be considered.
Outpatient Pediatric Orthopedic Surgery

Outpatient surgery refers to a surgical procedure that is performed without an overnight stay in a hospital. Outpatient surgery is associated with decreased individual and societal costs while achieving equivalent health outcomes and excellent patient satisfaction. Successful outpatient pediatric surgery is predicated on appropriate patient selection, adequate pain control, thorough preoperative education, and close clinical follow-up. Continuous research in quality, value, and patient safety are needed to ensure that this practice continues in as safe and efficient a manner as possible.
Using eye tracking to identify features of peer parity on stack overflow

Despite the efforts to get underrepresented groups involved in online computing communities, few have joined. When these developers are asked why they chose not to participate, they often describe the Stack Overflow community as a place they do not feel welcomed in. In my work, I will study how to make programmers feel more welcomed and decide to participate in these communities using qualitative and quantitative analysis. My thesis proposes using experienced peers as a way to engage lurking users to become active participants in programming communities.
STOCHASTIC ANALYSIS OF BRIDGE MOTION IN LARGE-SCALE TURBULENT WINDS

ABSTRACT Using a linear formulation similar to one commonly used for the analysis of the motion of an airfoil, the presence of turbulence in the wind flow is shown to change the self-excited loads and it may cause instability of an otherwise stable motion of a suspension bridge. Furthermore, the self-excited loads and the buffeting loads are statistically correlated since both are related to the same turbulence fields. Therefore, even when the bridge motion remains stable, this correlation must be taken into account in the computation of stochastic moments of the structural response. Numerical examples are given to illustrate the application of this new theory.
Antireflux Surgery in the USA: Influence of Surgical Volume on Perioperative Outcomes and Costs-Time for Centralization?

Few studies have analyzed the relationship between surgical volume and outcomes after antireflux procedures. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of surgical volume on postoperative results and costs for patients undergoing surgery for gastroesophageal reflux disease. We analyzed the National Inpatient Sample (period 2000–2013). Adult patients (≥18 years old) with gastroesophageal reflux disease who underwent fundoplication were included. Hospital surgical volume was determined using the 30th and 60th percentile cut points using weighted discharges and categorized as low ( 25 operations/year). We performed multivariable logistic regression models to assess the effect of surgical volume on patient outcomes. The studied cohort comprised 75,544 patients who had antireflux surgery. When operations performed at low-volume hospitals, postoperative bleeding, cardiac failure, renal failure, respiratory failure, and inpatient mortality were more common. In intermediate-volume hospitals, patients were more likely to have postoperative infection, esophageal perforation, bleeding, cardiac failure, renal failure, and respiratory failure. The length of hospital stay was longer at low- and intermediate-volume hospitals (1.08 and 0.55 days longer, respectively). There was an increase in charges of 5120 dollars per patient at low-volume centers, and 4010 dollars per patient at intermediate-volume centers. When antireflux surgery is performed at high-volume hospitals, morbidity is lower, length of hospital stay is shorter, and costs for the healthcare system are decreased.
Does male preference play a role in maintaining female limited polymorphism in a Batesian mimetic butterfly

Abstract Female-limited polymorphism occurs in multiple butterfly species with Batesian mimicry. While frequency-dependent selection is often argued as the driving force behind polymorphism in Batesian mimicry systems, male preference and alternative female mating strategies may also influence the maintenance of multiple female forms. Through a series of behavioural assays with the female-limited Batesian mimetic butterfly Papilio polytes, we show that males prefer stationary mimetic females over stationary non-mimetic females, but weigh female activity levels more heavily than female wing pattern when choosing between active mimetic and active non-mimetic females. Male preference for mimetic vs. non-mimetic females is independent of male genotype at the locus responsible for the female wing pattern, the autosomal gene doublesex. However male genotype does influence their response to active females. Male emphasis on female behaviour instead of appearance may reduce sexual selection pressures on female morphology, thereby facilitating frequency-dependent natural selection due to predation risk and toxic model abundance.
Recent Advances in the Etiology and Treatment of Burning Mouth Syndrome

Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is a debilitating condition that has a striking female predilection. Although the oral mucosa is normal in appearance, patients with BMS experience oral burning that mo...
Dynamic Mode-II Characterization of A Woven Glass Composite

Delamination of laminated composites has been a reliability issue in applications. Fracture toughness is a critical indicator of resistance to such a delamination. Quasi-static experimental techniques determining fracture toughness have been well developed. For example, end notched flexure (ENF) technique has been commonly used to determine mode-II fracture toughness. However, dynamic fracture characterization of composites is much more challenging. Such immature dynamic techniques have resulted in conflictive and confusing description of rate effects on fracture toughness of composites. Currently dynamic mode-II characterization employs three-point bending with a Kolsky bar on an ENF specimen and uses the same analysis as quasi-static ENF technique. The quasi-static ENF analysis is applicable to dynamic experiments only when the forces at both ends of the ENF specimen are equilibrated.
Explanatory Realism: The Convergence of Conceptual Schemes

The upshot of the preceding chapter is that the existence of rational agents as such — of intentional agents with the further capacity for reflective self- attributions and self-appraisals presupposes the ability to engage in means-ends reasonings and to check such reasonings against a family of communal norms of inference. Since such means-ends reasonings are causal reasonings, however, the communal norms of inference at issue here must be norms of material as well as formal inferences — that is, they must be (deontic formulations of) principles of a chronologic, an arena-geometry, and a material logic of contents (time, space, and causality) collectively constituting a determinate conceptual scheme or representational system. Briefly put, the existence of any rational agent presupposes the existence of a community of such agents possessing a shared world-picture, a community whose conceptual scheme constitutes some specific, determinate Constitutive Realism.
VAST (Volume Annotation and Segmentation Tool): Efficient Manual and Semi-Automatic Labeling of Large 3D Image Stacks

Recent developments in serial-section electron microscopy allow the efficient generation of very large image data sets but analyzing such data poses challenges for software tools. Here we introduce Volume Annotation and Segmentation Tool (VAST), a freely available utility program for generating and editing annotations and segmentations of large volumetric image (voxel) data sets. It provides a simple yet powerful user interface for real-time exploration and analysis of large data sets even in the Petabyte range.
Comparison of visceral fat measurement by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry to computed tomography in HIV and non-HIV.

Individuals with HIV are susceptible to visceral fat accumulation, which confers an increased risk of cardiometabolic disease. Advanced software to ascertain visceral fat content from dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) has not been validated among this population. We sought to compare DXA with computed tomography (CT) in the measurement of visceral fat cross-sectional area (VAT) in HIV and non-HIV using Bland–Altman analyses. Data were combined from five previously conducted studies of individuals with HIV (n = 313) and controls without HIV (n = 144) in which paired DXA and CT scans were available. In cross-sectional analyses, DXA-VAT was compared with CT-VAT among participants with and without HIV. In longitudinal analyses, changes in VAT over time were compared between DXA and CT among participants with and without HIV receiving no intervention over 12 months and among individuals with HIV receiving tesamorelin—a medication known to reduce VAT—over 6 months. In HIV, DXA underestimated VAT compared with CT among individuals with increased visceral adiposity. The measurement bias was −9 ± 47 cm2 overall, but became progressively larger with greater VAT (P < 0.0001), e.g., −61 ± 58 cm2 among those with VAT ≥ 200 cm2. Sex-stratified analyses revealed that the relationship between VAT and measurement bias was especially pronounced in men (P < 0.0001). Longitudinally, DXA underestimated changes in VAT, particularly among those at the extremes of VAT gain or loss (P < 0.0001). In contrast to the cross-sectional findings, the tendency for DXA to underestimate longitudinal changes in VAT was evident in both men and women. Analogous findings were seen among controls in cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses. DXA underestimated VAT relative to CT in men with and without HIV, who had increased visceral adiposity. DXA also underestimated changes in VAT over time in men and women, irrespective of HIV status. DXA-VAT should be used with caution among both HIV and non-HIV-infected populations.
One health in the circumpolar North

The North faces significant health disparities, especially among its many Indigenous peoples. In this article we discuss historical, environmental, and cultural variables that contribute to these disparities and propose a One Health approach to address them in a holistic and culturally appropriate manner. The One Health paradigm recognizes the interdependence among the health and well-being of people, animals and the environment. As such, the framework aligns well with many Indigenous world views. This proactive, interdisciplinary, constructivist, and collaborative approach promise earlier detection of risks and threats, as well as more effective responses, in part by engaging community level stakeholders in all stages of the process. In the far North, humans, especially Indigenous peoples, continue to live closely connected to their environment, in settings that exert significant impacts on health. In recent decades, rapid warming and elevated contaminant levels have heightened environmental risks and increased uncertainty, both of which threaten individual and community health and well-being. Under these circumstances especially, One Health's comprehensive approach may provide mitigating and adaptive strategies to enhance resilience. While many of the examples used in this manuscript focus on Alaska and Canada, the authors believe similar conditions exist among the indigenous and rural residents across the entire Circumpolar North.
Titanium nitride nanoparticles for the efficient photocatalysis of bicarbonate into formate

Abstract Metallic nanoparticles can act as efficient photocatalysts thanks to the surface plasmons that they support, which are capable of harvesting light and generating hot carriers. Recently, titanium nitride (TiN) nanostructures have emerged as promising candidates for this application due to their much lower cost, and therefore greater sustainability, than structures made of noble metals, as well as their expected long-term thermal stability. In this work, we demonstrate that, under solar illumination, TiN nanoparticles, in combination with titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanostructures, can significantly increase the photocatalytic production of formate through the simultaneous photoreduction of bicarbonate and oxidation of glycerol. Importantly, we also show that TiN nanoparticles alone can provide an enhancement of the photocatalytic efficiently when compared to TiO2 nanocatalysts. Furthermore, by characterizing the morphology and material properties of the TiN nanoparticles after the reaction, we confirm that they remain stable under reaction conditions for extended periods of solar light exposure (8 hours). The results of this work advance our understanding of TiN nanoparticles as efficient photocatalysts and their use for the production of valuable chemicals.
Digital Games in Primary Schools for the Development of Key Transversal Skills.

Digital games are becoming more and more popular worldwide, arousing children’s interest and fostering their motivation. Furthermore, tablets and smartphones are increasingly popular and widespread all around the globe, guaranteeing access to the web and to an ever-growing availability of games. This paper is based on the assumption that introducing digital game play into primary schools may support the development and consolidation of some transversal skills in a way that is perceived by students as interesting and motivating. When the games are carefully selected, the great effort spent by children in playing will provide them with the possibility to acquire and exercise, at an early age, basic skills which are important for their future. In particular, in this paper, different modalities in which digital games can be used in primary schools to foster basic transversal skills are presented. Logic and spatial reasoning skills as well as computational thinking are in particular considered. The reported experiments show that game based activities, when appropriately organized, can positively affect students’ school performance as well as students’ learning attitudes and behavior.
Modification of Asphalt Materials to Resist Studded-Tire Wear on Pavements

AbstractStudded tires are used during winter seasons to reduce snow- and ice-related accidents in several cold climate regions. However, during driving the studs in these tires progressively punch ...
Both hyperthermia and dehydration during physical work in the heat contribute to the risk of acute kidney injury.

We demonstrate that the risk for acute kidney injury (AKI) is higher in humans with greater magnitudes of hyperthermia and dehydration during physical work in the heat and that alleviating the hype...
Upper and Lower Bounds on the Dimension of Superspline Spaces

Upper and lower bounds are provided on the dimension of bivariate polynomial superspline spaces which are defined by enforcing smoothness conditions across the interior edges of the underlying triangulation. The results generalize known bounds for classical spline spaces. As an example of the usefulness of such bounds, we show how they can be applied to analyze a new macroelement.
A randomized phase 2 trial of combretatstatin A4 phosphate (CA4P) in combination with paclitaxel and carboplatin to evaluate safety and efficacy in subjects with advanced imageable malignancies

14060 Background: CA4P is the lead compound in a class of agents termed Vascular Disrupting Agents. Phase I studies of CA4P demonstrated toxicities that do not overlap those of chemotherapy. In vit...
The role of bile reflux and its related NF-κB activated pathway in progression of hypopharyngeal squamous cell cancer

Abstract Background Prognosis for hypopharyngeal cancer is usually poor, and recurrence is common. Identifying new factors or related mechanisms that promote its progression may have clinical implications. Although, recent studies support bile reflux in hypopharyngeal carcinogenesis, it remains to be explored how bile and its related NF-κB activated pathway may further affects its progression in already established hypopharyngeal cancer. Methods Hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HSCC) cell lines, FaDu and UMSCC11A, both negative for HPV, were repetitively exposed to bile acids (400 μM) at variable pH points (4.0, 5.5 and 7.0). Immunofluorescence, western blotting, luciferase assay, and qPCR were used to detect NF-κB activation, bcl-2 overexpression and gene expression. Results Bile at strongly acidic pH (4.0) potentiated the activation of NF-κB and its related mRNA phenotype in HSCC cells. IL-6, TNF-α, and BCL2 were found among the highest overexpressed genes as was previously found in HSCCs excised from patients with documented biliary reflux. An enhanced transcriptional activity of EGFR, RELA, STAT3, and WNT5Α and higher survival rates were observed in HSCC cells exposed to acidic bile compared to those exposed to bile at weakly acidic or neutral pH. Conclusion Our novel findings support the observation that bile reflux has the potential for actively influencing the progression of hypopharyngeal cancer, mediated by NF-κB. In patients with hypopharyngeal cancer and known gastroesophageal reflux disease, antacid therapy may exert a role in furthering control of disease recurrence and progression.
Management of Pulmonary Hypertension in the Hospital Setting

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is commonly encountered in clinical practice and can be a manifestation of many different cardiac and systemic disorders. The evaluation of new or worsening PH involves a broad differential diagnosis. Therapeutic options for PH are numerous and evolving.
Contributions of Arousal, Attention, Distinctiveness, and Semantic Relatedness to Enhanced Emotional Memory: An Event-Related Potential and Electrocardiogram Study

Enhanced emotional memory (EEM) describes memory benefits for emotional items, traditionally attributed to impacts of arousal at encoding; however, attention, semantic relatedness, and distinctiveness likely also contribute in various ways. The current study manipulated arousal, semantic relatedness, and distinctiveness while recording changes in event-related potentials and heart rate during memory encoding. Trials were classified as remembered or forgotten by immediate recall performance. Negative images were remembered significantly better than neutral, and related neutral images were remembered significantly better than unrelated neutral images. Higher P300 and late positive potential (LPP) amplitudes were associated with memory for negative images as compared with related neutral images, suggesting that negative images received additional attentional processing at encoding, and that this cannot be accounted for only by the inherent relatedness of negative stimuli. No encoding benefits were found for related neutral images though they were better remembered than unrelated neutral images, indicating retrieval dynamics impacted memory. When image types were intermixed, greater heart rate changes occurred, and negative and unrelated neutral images received increased elaborative processing as compared with related neutral images, perhaps due to the prioritization of encoding resources. These results suggest encoding and retrieval processes contribute to EEM, with emotional items benefiting additively.
Ectopic and supernumerary parathyroid glands in patients with refractory renal hyperparathyroidism

Abstract Background The aims of this study were to determine the rate of ectopic and supernumerary parathyroid glands and the outcome of surgical therapy in patients with refractory renal hyperparathyroidism. Materials and Methods A retrospective review of all patients who underwent parathyroidectomy for refractory renal hyperparathyroidism was completed. Operative and pathology reports were reviewed, and the number and location of resected parathyroid glands, patient outcomes, and follow-up were determined. Results During the period 1993–2019, a total of 68 patients underwent subtotal or total parathyroidectomy for renal hyperparathyroidism. Of those, 59 patients (87%) were on dialysis for an average of 6.7 years. We determined that 18 patients (26%) had 24 ectopic parathyroid glands, including 9 (13%) patients with 11 supernumerary glands. A total of 2 patients had a supernumerary gland in a normal anatomic location. Of the 24 ectopic glands, 14 (58%) were in the thymus. After parathyroidectomy, 4 patients (5.9%) had persistent hyperparathyroidism, 6 patients (8.8%) developed recurrent hyperparathyroidism, and 2 patients (3%) had permanent hypoparathyroidism. Conclusion Ectopic and supernumerary parathyroid glands occurred in 26% and 16% of patients with renal hyperparathyroidism, respectively, and the thymus was the most common location. Thorough neck exploration and transcervical thymectomy are important to help reduce persistent and recurrent hyperparathyroidism after parathyroidectomy for renal hyperparathyroidism.
El impedimento matrimonial de impotencia en el Derecho Canónico y en el Derecho Chileno.

El Codigo de Derecho Canonico vigente en la iglesia desde 1983, establece en el canon 1058 que "pueden contraer matrimonio todos aquellos a quienes el derecho no se lo prohibe". Entre estos ultimos se encuentran quienes incurren en alguna de las hipotesis de impedimento que establece el mismo codigo, esto es, en aquellas circunstancias que, dandose en uno o en ambos contrayentes, y suponiendo su capacidad natural para emitir un valido consentimiento matrimonial, no pueden darlo validamente por negarle los canones efecto juridico. Uno de dichos impedimentos es el impedimento de impotencia, regulado en el canon 1084.
Changing gender relations in 1950s Ankara: an inside view

This article examines patterns of gender relations in Ankara in the early 1950s. Based in part on the unpublished memoirs of Kemal Tanyolac, who provided extensive details of his bachelor y...
At the frontline for mitigating the undesired effects of recycled asphalt: An alternative bio oil-based modification approach

Abstract Soybean oil-derived modifiers were used for the improvement of properties of asphalt materials prepared for a pavement demonstration project. The rheological properties of base, biomodified and extracted binders were measured/compared using rheometers. The binder modification resulted in a decrease of 1.2 °C and 2.3 °C in, respectively, the high-and low-temperature grades of base binder, and when the effect of RAP binder was considered, the continuous performance grade (PG) became almost identical with that of base/control binder. Due to the biomodification and the presence of RAP, the binder’s elastic recovery (R) increased by 8.0% and its non-recoverable creep compliance (Jnr) decreased by 0.13 kPa−1. The tests conducted to evaluate the mechanical performance of the mixtures proved the efficacy of the bio-modifiers used in reversing the undesired effects of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) and improving the performance of asphalt pavements at different temperatures. For instance, the Hamburg wheel tracking (HWT) test results revealed that the presence of bio-modifiers resulted in the increase of stripping inflection point (SIP) by 3619 passes. The disk-shaped compact tension (DCT) test proved the effectiveness of the bio-modifiers used, as these modifiers increased the fracture energy by 113 J/m2. The master curves constructed for the asphalt binders and mixtures indicated an increased stiffness/elasticity at intermediate and high temperatures.
Excitatory, Inhibitory and Peptidergic Pathways in the Mudpuppy Retina

The vertebrate retina contains a variety of neuronal con-nections which depend on chemical communication. Both excitatory and inhibitory synapses are present: A substantial list of putative transmitter agents has been expanded in recent years by techniques which have localized several peptides to the retina (Brecha and Karten, 1979; Stell et al., 1980). The physiologist who attempts to define transmitter action in the retina does not suffer from an abbreviated list of agents which may subserve secretory transmission. We have studied the action of several transmitter candidates and their antagonists using intracellular recording techniques in the perfused retina-eyecup preparation of the mudpuppy (Necturus maculosus). We have also studied the effects of several peptides which have been localized to the mudpuppy retina through immunohistochemical techniques of Brecha and Karten. Our findings support the concept that excitatory and inhibitory amino acids, as well as some peptides may be involved in synaptic transmission.
Use of mutants to demonstrate the role of oxalic acid in pathogenicity of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum on Phaseolus vulgaris.

The role of oxalic acid in pathogenicity of the bean white mould fungus, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, was investigated. Prototrophic mutants of the fungus deficient in oxalic acid production were obtained by UV irradiation of ascospores. Deficiency in oxalic acid production was screened by colour change on potato dextrose agar containing the indicator dye bromophenol blue. An enzymatic method, gas chromotography and high performance liquid chromatography indicated that the selected mutants did not produce oxalic acid in carbohydrate-rich media or bean blossoms, a natural substrate. In growth chamber experiments using whole plants, stems and leaves and in laboratory tests using pods, these acid minus mutants were nonpathogenic while the oxalic acid-producing wild type and revertant were pathogenic. Production of oxalic acid was induced when mutants were grown on nutrient media containing sodium succinate. Mutants grown on this medium and inoculated on bean leaves penetrated and incited small lesions. No association between pathogenicity and pectolytic enzymes was found. These studies present confirming evidence that oxalic acid is a pathogenicity determinant.
Disposition and metabolic profile of the weak androgen Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) following administration as part of a nutritional supplement to exercised horses

In order to ensure the welfare of performance horses and riders as well as the integrity of the sport, the use of both therapeutic and illegal agents in horse racing is tightly regulated. While Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is not specifically banned from administration to racehorses in the United States and no screening limit or threshold concentration exists, the metabolic conversion of DHEA to testosterone make its presence in nutritional supplements a regulatory concern. The recommended regulatory threshold for total testosterone in urine is 55 and 20 ng/mL for mares and geldings, respectively. In plasma, screening and confirmation limits for free testosterone (mares and geldings), of no greater than 0.1 and 0.025 ng/mL, respectively are recommended. DHEA was administered orally, as part of a nutritional supplement, to 8 exercised female thoroughbred horses and plasma and urine samples collected at pre-determined times post administration. Using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), plasma and urine samples were analyzed for DHEA, DHEA-sulfate, testosterone, testosterone-sulfate, pregnenolone, androstenedione, and androstenediol. DHEA was rapidly absorbed with maximal plasma concentrations reaching 52.0 ± 43.8 ng/mL and 32.1 ± 12.9 ng/mL for DHEA and DHEA sulfate, respectively. Free testosterone was not detected in plasma or urine samples at any time. Maximum sulfate conjugated testosterone plasma concentrations were 0.98 ± 1.09 ng/mL. Plasma testosterone-sulfate concentrations did not fall below 0.1 ng/mL and urine testosterone-sulfate below 55 ng/mL until 24-36 h post DHEA administration. Urine testosterone sulfate concentrations remained slightly above baseline levels at 48 h for most of the horses studied.
Short-Channel Effects in Tunnel FETs

This paper investigates short-channel effects (SCEs) in double-gate tunnel FETs (TFETs) using an analytic model that includes depletion in the source. It is shown that the drain bias has a significant effect on the potential profile at the source when the channel length is reduced to below twice the scale length. The OFF-state current becomes a strong function of channel length. The subthreshold current slope is also degraded in short-channel TFETs to the extent that there is no region of <60 mV/decade below a minimum channel length. The SCE also manifests itself in the finite-output conductance in the saturation region—a Drain-Induced Barrier Lowering-like effect in conventional MOSFETs.
How the party can win in personal vote systems: the "selectoral connection" and legislative voting in Lithuania

Electoral rules can motivate politicians to cultivate a “personal vote” through their legislative voting records. However, I argue that candidate-selection procedures have the ability to overpower these electoral incentives. This study—the first systematic study of how candidate selection and electoral rules interact—takes advantage of Lithuania's unique mixed electoral rules and fortuitous candidate-selection procedures. Regardless of electoral rules, MPs whose future careers depend on getting renominated by central party leaders vote against the party less than those whose careers do not. This evidence of a “selectoral connection” suggests candidate-selection procedures must be studied much more seriously.
New leveling and bias estimation algorithms for processing COSMIC/FORMOSAT‐3 data for slant total electron content measurements

[1] Ionospheric modeling can be improved by the inclusion of occultation data between satellites and GPS transmitters. COSMIC/FORMOSAT-3 provides a large data set of such occultations. In order to utilize these absolute measurements in an assimilative model, the data must be carefully processed; the level of the ionospheric combination and the differential biases must be accurately determined. The COSMIC GPS receivers operate in a high multipath environment; a phase leveling algorithm, utilizing the information in the multipath, improves the leveling errors by at least 0.4 total electron content units. Receiver biases are then computed from the leveled data by making some simplifying assumptions about the structure of the ionosphere and plasmasphere. This processing algorithm provides occultation measurements as slant total electron content to an accuracy of 3.55 total electron content units.
Cosmological solutions on compactified AdS 5 with a thermal bulk

This paper is an investigation of the effects of a thermal bulk fluid in brane world models compactified on ${\mathrm{AdS}}_{5}.$ Our primary purpose is to study how such a fluid changes the bulk dynamics and to compare these effects with those generated by matter localized to the branes. We find an exact cosmological solution for a thermally excited massless bulk field, as well as perturbative solutions with matter on the brane and in the bulk. We then perturb around these solutions to find solutions for a massive bulk mode in the limit where the bulk mass ${(m}_{B})$ is small compared to the AdS curvature scale and $Tl{m}_{B}.$ We find that without a stabilizing potential there are no physical solutions for a thermal bulk fluid. We then include a stabilizing potential and calculate the shift in the radion as well as the time dependence of the weak scale as a function of the bulk mass. It is shown that, as opposed to a brane fluid, the bulk fluid contribution to the bulk dynamics is controlled by the bulk mass.
Multistate nested canalizing functions

The concept of a nested canalizing Boolean function has been studied over the course of the last decade in the context of understanding the regulatory logic of molecular interaction networks, such as gene regulatory networks. Such functions appear preferentially in published models of such networks. Recently, this concept has been generalized to include multi-state functions, and a recursive formula has been derived for their number, as a function of the number of variables. This paper carries out a detailed analysis of the class of nested canalizing functions over an arbitrary finite field. Furthermore, the paper generalizes the concept further, and derives a closed formula for the number of such generalized functions. The paper also derives a closed formula for the number of equivalence classes under permutation of variables. This is motivated by the fact that two nested canalizing functions that differ by a permutation of the variables share many important properties with each other. The paper contributes to the effort of identifying a class of functions over finite fields that are of interest in biology and also have interesting mathematical properties.
The impact of packet fragmentation on Internet-of-Things enabled systems

The Internet of Things (IoT) refers to a collection of technologies designed to interconnect physical devices with the Internet. Due to device resource constraints IoT connectivity requires the redesign of several basic Internet protocols. This paper studies the impact of packet fragmentation at the data link level on the end-to-end performance of some of these redesigned protocols. Our results show that fragmentation can seriously degrade the performance of a typical IoT device to gateway communication modality. On the other hand, our results also show that with proper design of data broadcast mechanisms, gateway-to-device communication can be maintained at high performance levels. These results can be used as a guide for IoT network engineers.
A novel ultra-wideband fractal monopole antenna

A fractal tree monopole antenna is presented. The antenna consists of three iterations of a branching cone pattern over an oblate spheroidal ground. This structure was simulated in Ansys HFSS, and simulation results are given, showing broadband operation beginning at 1.2 GHz and extending beyond 20 GHz. Radiation patterns are shown at 5.5 GHz and at 10 GHz, with co-polarization and cross-polarization shown separately.