cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A vision for management of complex models

Many problems encountered when building applications of database systems involve the manipulation of models. By "model," we mean a complex structure that represents a design artifact, such as a relational schema, object-oriented interface, UML model, XML DTD, web-site schema, semantic network, complex document, or software configuration. Many uses of models involve managing changes in models and transformations of data from one model into another. These uses require an explicit representation of "mappings" between models. We propose to make database systems easier to use for these applications by making "model" and "model mapping" first-class objects with special operations that simplify their use. We call this capability model management.In addition to making the case for model management, our main contribution is a sketch of a proposed data model. The data model consists of formal, object-oriented structures for representing models and model mappings, and of high-level algebraic operations on those structures, such as matching, differencing, merging, selection, inversion and instantiation. We focus on structure and semantics, not implementation.
67Gallium citrate scannings for the diagnosis of experimental deep vein thrombosis.

Injection of the canine hind leg deep venous system with sodium morrhuate produces a local phlebitis with an associated clot. The soft tissues distal to this obstruction become markedly edematous. Intravenously injected 67Ga-citrate labeled the inflamed vein wall and the clot, rendering this area radioactive and allowing for external scanning. This model of acute deep vein thrombosis has certain similarities to clinical thrombophlebitis. Further studies may be indicated to clarify if 67Ga-citrate is a suitable agent for the diagnosis of clinical acute deep vein thrombosis.
On The Stability of Superplastic Deformation Using Nonlinear Wavelength Analysis

Optimum variable strain rate forming paths based on two multiscale deformation-based stability criteria are developed. The first criterion is based on Hart’s linear stability analysis while in the second criterion; we introduce a modified one dimensional nonlinear long wavelength analysis introduced by Hutchinson and Neale [7] based on the well known 2-D Marciniak-Kuczynski criterion. The stability criteria are calibrated for the AZ31 Mg alloy at 400 °C yielding two different variable strain rate forming paths. These paths show that the nonlinear wavelength analysis is more sensitive to strain rate sensitivity and results in larger attainable uniform strains than Hart’s approach especially at low strain rates. This result is demonstrated through finite element simulations of a deep rectangular box using pressure profiles derived from the two variable strain rate forming paths. The FE results clearly illustrate that Hart’s approach underestimates the amount of uniform deformation and therefore prolongs the forming time to prevent failure compared to the nonlinear analysis.
Research and Build a Test Platform for EPON OLT Software

For software function verification and performance testing, a test platform was built during the development of large-capacity EPON OLT equipment. The platform was based on distributed system,which using modified TCP/UDP to establish RPC data exchange path between nodes. With Linux as unified operating system, software work in both embedded PowerPC and x86-based PC virtual machines without modification. At last, a group of stress test was executed on the platform and the result was discussed.
Osmotic relations of nerve fiber

The volumetric elastic modulus of the sheath and the osmotic swelling pressure of the axoplasmic polymer network of the giant axon ofLoligo vulgaris were measured. Evidence was obtained that (1) the elastic modulus of the sheath, (2) the swelling pressure of axoplasm, and (3) theeffective osmotic pressure difference due to mobile solutes determine axonal volume. The contributions of the sheath and the axoplasm were significant because theeffective osmotic pressure due to mobile solutes was a small fraction of thetheoretical bulk osmotic pressure due to these solutes. The giant axon was converted from an imperfect to a near perfect osmometer by minimizing the contribution of the sheath and the axoplasmic gel.
Linear dynamic programs for resource management

Sustainable resource management in many domains presents large continuous stochastic optimization problems, which can often be modeled as Markov decision processes (MDPs). To solve such large MDPs, we identify and leverage linearity in state and action sets that is common in resource management. In particular, we introduce linear dynamic programs (LDPs) that generalize resource management problems and partially observable MDPs (POMDPs). We show that the LDP framework makes it possible to adapt point-based methods–the state of the art in solving POMDPs–to solving LDPs. The experimental results demonstrate the efficiency of this approach in managing the water level of a river reservoir. Finally, we discuss the relationship with dual dynamic programming, a method used to optimize hydroelectric systems.
News from NIH: column no. 1.

In this first issue of this journal, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) is pleased to highlight three areas of emphasis that are directly relevant to information technology and evidence implementation. First, the incorporation of mobile technologies, or mHealth, into health care delivery offers exciting possibilities for prevention and management of disease. Second, behavioral and social scientists are harnessing the power of systems science methodologies to explore complex and nonlinear phenomena, synthesize knowledge across disciplines and levels of analysis to gain a better understanding of the big picture, and conduct virtual experiments that are inefficient or impossible to conduct in the real world. Finally, there is a clear imperative for the results from efficacy trials to have greater reach, adoption, to sustainability. NIH has an ever growing role in supporting research that improves translation of research into real-world communities and settings. Some examples of this research emphasis are trans-NIH funding announcements and a yearly conference that highlights the advances and issues in dissemination and implementation science.
A comparison of two methods of measuring aqueous flow in humans: Fluorophotometry and flare measurement

The technique of Anjou and Krakau for measuring flare and Krakau's method for estimating aqueous humor flow in humans was compared to the fluorophotometric procedure of Jones and Maurice.The precision of flare was measured in 20 normal human volunteers, and the precision of flow was measured with fluorophotometry in 24 volunteers. In addition, the circadian rhythms of both flow and flare were measured simultaneously in a separate group of 20 subjects. This simultaneous measurement allowed us to calculate the entry rate of scattering substances into the aqueous humor as a function of time of day. This entry rate is critical for measuring flow by the method of Krakau.The mean coefficient of variation (±SD) of repeated measurements of flare at the same time of day was 23.2% ±10.3%. The mean coefficient of variation of the measurement of aqueous flow by fluorophotometry was 15.9%±8.2%, significantly better than the measurement of flare (p=0.01).The daytime entry rate of scattering substances into the aqueous ...
Isolation and Proteomic Characterization of the Mouse Sperm Acrosomal Matrix

A critical step during fertilization is the sperm acrosome reaction in which the acrosome releases its contents allowing the spermatozoa to penetrate the egg investments. The sperm acrosomal contents are composed of both soluble material and an insoluble material called the acrosomal matrix (AM). The AM is thought to provide a stable structure from which associated proteins are differentially released during fertilization. Because of its important role during fertilization, efforts have been put toward isolating the AM for biochemical study and to date AM have been isolated from hamster, guinea pig, and bull spermatozoa. However, attempts to isolate AM from mouse spermatozoa, the species in which fertilization is well-studied, have been unsuccessful possibly because of the small size of the mouse sperm acrosome and/or its fusiform shape. Herein we describe a procedure for the isolation of the AM from caput and cauda mouse epididymal spermatozoa. We further carried out a proteomic analysis of the isolated AM from both sperm populations and identified 501 new proteins previously not detected by proteomics in mouse spermatozoa. A comparison of the AM proteome from caput and cauda spermatozoa showed that the AM undergoes maturational changes during epididymal transit similar to other sperm domains. Together, our studies suggest the AM to be a dynamic and functional structure carrying out a variety of biological processes as implied by the presence of a diverse group of proteins including proteases, chaperones, hydrolases, transporters, enzyme modulators, transferases, cytoskeletal proteins, and others.
Efficient transparency extraction and utilization in hierarchical test

We introduce a methodology for identifying transparency behavior appropriate for hierarchical test, based on the theoretical principles of transparency composition. Unlike high level approaches that identify limited, coarse transparency behavior, the proposed methodology is capable of extracting a wide class of fine grained transparency functions for arbitrary sub-word bit clusters. The functions in this class can furthermore be rapidly extracted on the fly and efficiently utilized for hierarchical test translation, thus alleviating the exponential extraction time and storage space requirements of exhaustive approaches. The twin benefits of rapid, automated extraction coupled with the expansion of utilizable transparency scope deliver reduced DFT while enabling cost-effective hierarchical test of high quality.
Problems and management of the rearfoot in neuromuscular disease. A report of ten cases

Neuromuscular disease commonly affects the rearfoot as equinus, equinovarus, and equinovalgus deformity. Spastic hemiplegia caused by stroke, head injury, and cerebral palsy results in equinovarus deformity of the rearfoot. Spastic diplegia, most frequently caused by cerebral palsy, results in equinovalgus rearfoot deformity. Problems in ambulation, footwear, and bracing, as well as their orthopedic management, in patients with neuromuscular disease are discussed in a case-report format.
Emulsion phase residence time and its use in heat transfer models in fluidized beds

Heat transfer from a vertical tube in fluidized beds was investigated by measurement of emulsion packet residence times. The root-square-mean residence times were then used in a modified packet model to successfully predict effective heat transfer coefficients.
Neural Network Adaptive Robust Control Of Siso Nonlinear Systems In A Normal Form

In this paper, performance oriented control laws are synthesized for a class of single-input-single-output (SISO) n-th order nonlinear systems in a normal form by integrating the neural networks (NNs) techniques and the adaptive robust control (ARC) design philosophy. All unknown but repeat-able nonlinear functions in the system are approximated by the outputs of NNs to achieve a better model compensation for an improved performance. While all NN weights are tuned on-line, discontinuous projections with fictitious bounds are used in the tuning law to achieve a controlled learning. Robust control terms are then constructed to attenuate model uncertainties for a guaranteed output tracking transient performance and a guaranteed final tracking accuracy. Furthermore, if the unknown nonlinear functions are in the functional ranges of the NNs and the ideal NN weights fall within the fictitious bounds, asymptotic output tracking is achieved to retain the perfect learning capability of NNs. The precision motion control of a linear motor drive system is used as a case study to illustrate the proposed NNARC strategy.
Esophageal Radiofrequency Ablation for the Treatment of Intestinal Metaplasia, Low Grade Dysplasia, and High Grade Dysplasia

The presence of intestinal metaplasia (IM) of the esophagus is associated with an elevated risk for developing high-grade dysplasia and invasive adenocarcinoma. Historically, IM has been surveyed with a lifetime of serial endoscopy and biopsy procedures to monitor for the development of high-grade dysplasia and cancer, the early detection of which would permit intervention with surgery. Several nonsurgical endoscopic procedures have been developed with the intent to eradicate IM and dysplasia and halt progression to invasive cancer. However, many of these techniques have been associated with significant morbidity and unacceptable efficacy outcomes. Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) has more recently been studied to eradicate IM and dysplasia of the esophagus. This manuscript will review the technique, clinical results, and recommendations for RFA.
Robotic remote laparoscopic nephrectomy and adrenalectomy: the initial experience.

Purpose: We evaluated the feasibility of performing laparoscopic nephrectomy and adrenalectomy exclusively by using robotic telepresent technology from a remote workstation and compared outcomes with those of conventional laparoscopy in an acute porcine model.Materials and Methods: Five pigs underwent bilateral laparoscopic nephrectomy (robotic in 5 and conventional in 4) and adrenalectomy (robotic in 4 and conventional in 3). In the 9 robotic laparoscopic procedures all intraoperative manipulations were completely performed telerobotically from a remote workstation without any conventional laparoscopic assistance on site. Animals were sacrificed acutely.Results: Robotic laparoscopic nephrectomy required significantly longer total operative (85.2 versus 38.5 minutes, p = 0.0009) and actual surgical (73.4 versus 27.5 minutes, p = 0.0002) time than conventional laparoscopy. However, blood loss and adequacy of surgical dissection were comparable in the 2 groups. Robotic laparoscopic adrenalectomy required lo...
The genetic architecture of reproductive isolation in louisiana irises : Flowering phenology

Despite the potential importance of divergent reproductive phenologies as a barrier to gene flow, we know less about the genetics of this factor than we do about any other isolating barrier. Here, we report on the genetic architecture of divergent flowering phenologies that result in substantial reproductive isolation between the naturally hybridizing plant species Iris fulva and I. brevicaulis. I. fulva initiates and terminates flowering significantly earlier than I. brevicaulis. We examined line crosses of reciprocal F1 and backcross (BC1) hybrids and determined that flowering time was polygenic in nature. We further defined quantitative trait loci (QTL) that affect the initiation of flowering in each of these species. QTL analyses were performed separately for two different growing seasons in the greenhouse, as well as in two field plots where experimental plants were placed into nature. For BCIF hybrids (BC1 toward I. fulva), 14 of 17 detected QTL caused flowering to occur later in the season when I. brevicaulis alleles were present, while the remaining 3 caused flowering to occur earlier. In BCIB hybrids (BC1 toward I. brevicaulis), 11 of 15 detected QTL caused flowering to occur earlier in the season when introgressed I. fulva alleles were present, while the remaining 4 caused flowering to occur later. These ratios are consistent with expectations of selection (as opposed to drift) promoting flowering divergence in the evolutionary history of these species. Furthermore, epistatic interactions among the QTL also reflected the same trends, with the majority of epistatic effects causing later flowering than expected in BCIF hybrids and earlier flowering in BCIB hybrids. Overlapping QTL that influenced flowering time across all four habitat/treatment types were not detected, indicating that increasing the sample size of genotyped plants would likely increase the number of significant QTL found in this study.
Assessing Metal Exposures in a Community near a Cement Plant in the Northeast U.S.

Cement production is a major source of metals and metalloids in the environment, while exposures to metals and metalloids may impact human health in the surrounding communities. We recruited 185 participants living in the vicinity of a cement plant in the northeast U.S., and measured the levels of aluminum (Al), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), and selenium (Se) in blood and Hg in hair samples from them. A questionnaire was used to assess potential sources of Hg exposure. Multivariate regressions and spatial analyses were performed to evaluate the relative importance of different routes of exposures. The metal concentrations in blood or hair samples of our study participants were comparable to the U.S. general or regional population. Smoking contributed significantly to Cd and Pb exposures, and seafood consumption contributed significantly to Hg and As exposures, while variables related to the cement plant were not significantly associated with metal concentrations. Our results suggest that our study population was not at elevated health risk due to metal exposures, and that the contribution of the cement plant to metal exposures in the surrounding community was minimal.
The Effect of Gestation Upon Lactation in The Dairy Cow

Summary Data is presented showing that the effect of pregnancy becomes apparent in a reduced rate of milk secretion when during lactation the period of pregnancy exceeds about five months. The total reduction may amount to from 480 to 800 pounds of milk if cows are bred during the early months of lactation. The data indicates that this reduction of milk flow is caused in part at least by the demand of the fetus for nutrients to support its life processes.
Adaptive Designs for Clinical Trials with Highly Successful Treatments

We compare the performance of two adaptive designs and equal allocation in a clinical trial with two highly successful treatments and binary outcomes. The measure of interest in the trial is the odds ratio. The goal of the adaptive design is to decrease the total number of failures compared to equal allocation while keeping the power at the same level. One design is based on sequential maximum likelihood estimation, the other on an urn model. We find that the urn model produces a better procedure than the sequential maximum likelihood approach and equal allocation, in that it yields fewer expected treatment failures, maintains the power of the asymptotic test, and is more powerful when the Fisher's exact test is used. We conclude that adaptive designs have attractive properties when both treatments are highly successful.
METABOLIC FACTORS IN THE MAINTENANCE OF RETINAL ADHESION

The resorption of subretinal fluid was studied by injecting small amounts of fluid under the retina of intact rabbit eyes, and measuring how long the fluid persisted. Retinal adhesion was studied by measuring the force required to peel strips of rabbit retina from the pigment epithelium within a physiologic bathing medium. Both the resorption of subretinal fluid and the peeling force were enhanced by exposure to ouabain, inhibited by exposure to cyanide, and inhibited by the replacement of the physiological medium with normal saline. Thus, dual metabolic systems may hydrate and dehydrate the subretinal space, and normal saline lacks some factor important to the maintenance of adhesion.
Ecocriticism, Ecomimesis, and the Romantic Roots of Modern Ethical Consumption

Increased awareness of the topic of environmental sustainability has prompted development in literary studies of the research area known as ecocriticsm, which studies the relationship of literature and the environment. One of the prime areas of ecocritical research is the British Romantic period and its embrace of nature. This research is also known as green Romanticism or Romantic ecology. Timothy Morton's 2007 book Ecology without Nature: Rethinking Environmental Aesthetics is a noteworthy critical analysis of the field. This article reviews Morton's analysis, especially his concept of ecomimesis and the vocabulary he employs to outline its attributes. It also situates ecomimesis in the larger field of media studies. Finally, the article takes up Morton's critique of the relationship between Romanticism and consumerism to suggest another area of research: the Romantic roots of modern ethical consumption.
Usual Energy Intake Mediates the Relationship Between Food Reinforcement and BMI

The relative reinforcing value of food (RRVfood) is positively associated with energy consumed and overweight status. One hypothesis relating these variables is that food reinforcement is related to BMI through usual energy intake. Using a sample of two hundred fifty-two adults of varying weight and BMI levels, results showed that usual energy intake mediated the relationship between RRVfood and BMI (estimated indirect effect = 0.0027, bootstrapped 95% confidence intervals (CIs) 0.0002–0.0068, effect ratio = 0.34), controlling for age, sex, minority status, education, and reinforcing value of reading (RRVreading). Laboratory and usual energy intake were correlated (r = 0.24, P < 0.001), indicating that laboratory energy intake could provide an index of eating behavior in the natural environment. The mediational relationship observed suggests that increasing or decreasing food reinforcement could influence body weight by altering food consumption. Research is needed to develop methods of modifying RRVfood to determine experimentally whether manipulating food reinforcement would result in changes in body weight.
Supporting anonymous location queries in mobile environments with privacygrid

This paper presents PrivacyGrid - a framework for supporting anonymous location-based queries in mobile information delivery systems. The PrivacyGrid framework offers three unique capabilities. First, it provides a location privacy protection preference profile model, called location P3P, which allows mobile users to explicitly define their preferred location privacy requirements in terms of both location hiding measures (e.g., location k-anonymity and location l-diversity) and location service quality measures (e.g., maximum spatial resolution and maximum temporal resolution). Second, it provides fast and effective location cloaking algorithms for location k-anonymity and location l-diversity in a mobile environment. We develop dynamic bottom-up and top-down grid cloaking algorithms with the goal of achieving high anonymization success rate and efficiency in terms of both time complexity and maintenance cost. A hybrid approach that carefully combines the strengths of both bottom-up and top-down cloaking approaches to further reduce the average anonymization time is also developed. Last but not the least, PrivacyGrid incorporates temporal cloaking into the location cloaking process to further increase the success rate of location anonymization. We also discuss PrivacyGrid mechanisms for supporting anonymous location queries. Experimental evaluation shows that the PrivacyGrid approach can provide close to optimal location k-anonymity as defined by per user location P3P without introducing significant performance penalties.
BEHAVIORAL COUPLES TREATMENT OF ALCOHOL AND DRUG USE DISORDERS: CURRENT STATUS AND INNOVATIONS

Research suggests that Behavioral Couples Therapy (BCT), tailored to treat alcohol problems, produces significant reduction in alcohol consumption and improvement in marital functioning. Having established basic clinical protocols for Alcohol Behavioral Couples Therapy (ABCT) and provided support for their efficacy, clinical researchers around the country continue to develop and study new applications of the basic ABCT treatment models, such as adding relapse prevention or Alcoholics Anonymous components. Recent research supporting the heterogeneity in the population of individuals with alcohol problems has prompted some researchers on ABCT to consider additional adaptations of the treatment models for specific subgroups of alcoholics, and for particular individual and couples characteristics. Adaptation of ABCT to treat new populations such as drug abusers, female alcoholics, and problem drinkers is under investigation. The current article provides an overview of theoretical and clinical aspects of ABCT, and research on efficacy of the basic model and on areas of innovation and adaptation to new populations. Directions for future research on ABCT are suggested.
Adaptive friction compensation for induction motors with inertia and load uncertainties

An adaptive friction compensation scheme is presented in this paper to compensate the dynamic friction as well as the inertia variation and load disturbance that exist in the induction motor drives. A third-order linear dynamic model is used for the induction motor drives while the LuGre dynamic friction model with nonuniform friction force variations characterizes the friction force between the contact surfaces. Parametric uncertainties are assumed to capture the variations. Thus, the update laws are designed to estimate the unknown system parameters. The system stability and asymptotic position tracking performance are guaranteed by the Lyapunov function and are shown through the simulation results.
Brief risk-reduction counseling in clinical settings for HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis.

A key concern frequently raised in discussions of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) implementation is the potential for sexual risk compensation. All PrEP clinical trials have included risk-reduction counseling in an effort to lower sexual risk behavior, and increases in sexual risk behavior have not been observed. However, routine use of PrEPmay present different challenges to both the content of the counseling and the logistics of providing it. This paper discusses risk compensation, brief risk-reduction interventions with an emphasis on the type of counseling provided in one of the PrEP clinical trials (TDF2), limitations of brief riskreduction counseling especially for high-risk groups likely to be good PrEP candidates, and some factors to consider when implementing brief risk-reduction counselingwith PrEP, including content, staffing, and integration of counseling with other clinical services. As noted in the review by Campbell and colleagues in his supplement to the American Journal of Preventive edicine, PrEP using antiretroviralmedications has been hown to be efficacious in preventing new HIV infection n some populations. However, not all PrEP studies have hown efficacy and none of the studies to date has shown 00%prevention efficacy. In addition, the effectiveness of rEP outside of clinical trials is likely to be dependent on number of factors in addition to provision of the antietroviral medication. For example, it is apparent that edication adherence is crucially important.
Inclusion of Nothomitra in Geoglossomycetes

Nothomitra is a small genus of earth tongues consisting of three species. Historically placed within the Geoglossaceae sensu lato, the genus is currently considered incertae sedis within the Helotiales. We reviewed the morphology and analyzed the phylogenetic relationships of Nothomitra using a combined dataset of ITS, LSU and Mcm7 DNA sequences representing 22 species. The placement of Nothomitra was strongly supported within the Geoglossomycetes clade, forming part of the ancestral base of the class with Sarcoleotia globosa and Thuemenidium arenarium. The inclusion of Nothomitra within the Geoglossomycetes is confirmed.
Microcirculatory Regulation and Dysfunction

Since reticuloendothelial (RE) cells are constituents of the vascular system, they can be affected, primarily, by two agencies—microcirculatory vasomotor behavior and/or vasoactive substances in the blood or lymph. Uptake of particulate matter, microorganisms, and foreign proteins by the phagocytic elements of the RES (see Table 1) is dependent on blood flow (see Altura, 1980a, 1983, 1984b; Altura and Saba, 1981; Benacerraf et al, 1957; Normann, 1972, 1973; Saba, 1970; Stuart, 1970). The data shown in Fig. 1, obtained on an isolated perfused rat liver preparation, resulted from one of the first experiments (performed by E. Dobson) to clearly demonstrate an inverse correlation between the velocity of flow past the Kupffer cell phagocytes and the efficiency of these phagocytes in removing chromic phosphate from the passing blood. In other terms, these relatively early experiments show a relation between extraction efficiency and a blood perfusion factor. Such data thus point to velocity of flow and tissue perfusion as important factors influencing RES phagocytic efficiency. Thus, both alterations in microcirculatory hemodynamics and release (or synthesis and release) of vasoactive agents could be expected to exert pronounced effects on RES phagocytic function. One might, especially in circulatory shock and trauma syndromes, therefore expect both of the latter to strongly influence RE cell phagocytic extraction efficiency.
SLEEP-PROMOTING MATERIAL EXTRACTED FROM PERITONEAL DIALYSATE OF PATIENTS WITH END-STAGE RENAL DISEASE AND INSOMNIA

We studied four patients with end stage renal disease treated by continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) who complained of chronic insomnia and fatigue. Overnight polysomnography showed a ...
Research on Construction of Time Synchronization System Based on Electric Power Communication Network

According to the requirements of high precision and high safety of power system for time synchronization,this paper uses IEEE1588v2 precise time synchronization protocol to transmit the time synchronization information,establishes the time synchronization network which combined GPS dual-mode timing and SDH network transmission timing.The system can realize the flexible switching of a plurality of clock source and mutual backup for timing.It validates the accuracy and reliability of the system through establishing simulation test scheme.Test results show that the system not only improves the reliability of system,but also improves the precision of system,which is benefit to the electric power communication network.
Biological characteristics of rice wine yeasts during the mechanical production

Based on the"trilateral fermentation"theory of the biological characteristics of Saccharomyces cetevisiae,rice wine yeast strain that is suitable for the mechanical production was selected.
Special Introduction: The Entrepreneurial University Wave

An entrepreneurial wave is spreading across the academic universe. If not a tsunami, it is certainly more than a ripple as evidenced by the increasing attention to the model by policy makers, universities, and researchers since I initially set it in motion 30 years ago (Etzkowitz, 1983). As awareness and interest grow, a university wants to play a more strategic role in encouraging regional innovation, renewal, and growth. This occurs through local actors from academia, industry and government, coming together, at the invitation of a respected person with convening power, to formulate and implement a strategy to promote regional development via a ‘High-tech Council’ or ‘Knowledge Circle’ (Jonker, 2013).
"Breastfeeding" without baby: A longitudinal, qualitative investigation of how mothers perceive, feel about, and practice human milk expression.

Most American mothers who produce human milk (HM) now pump in place of some or all feeding at the breast, and most American infants are now fed pumped HM. We aimed to investigate mothers' perceptions of, attitudes toward, and practices for pumping and providing pumped HM. Results related to pumping are reported here. We conducted in-depth, semi-structured interviews among a diverse sample of 20 mothers who pumped, following each from pregnancy through infant HM-feeding cessation up to 1 year postpartum. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis with Atlas.ti. Mothers' reasons for pumping changed over time and reflected their needs and desires (e.g., latch difficulty, return to work, and increasing their milk supply). Mothers reported that pump type and quality were important to pumping success and that pumping was time-consuming, costly, and unpleasant compared to feeding at the breast. Regardless of how often mothers pumped, most felt pumping was necessary to meet their infant HM-feeding goals and was a welcome means of sharing with other caregivers the bonding opportunity and tasks they associated with feeding infants. Mothers interpreted output from pumping sessions to understand their ability to provide enough milk to meet their infants' needs. Mothers' reasons for pumping may signal constraints to infant HM feeding that may be addressed with policy changes. Mothers' attitudes and perceptions toward pumping indicate that, although pumping fills important and welcome roles for many mothers, the reality of its practice may make it an unacceptable or infeasible substitute for some.
Article 24 [Education]

The CRPD is the first human rights treaty to contain an express reference to inclusive education. Indeed, Article 24 recognizes the right to inclusive education as a means to make the universal right to education effective for people with disabilities.
Correlating Intelligent Compaction Data to In Situ Soil Compaction Quality Measurements

AbstractIntelligent compaction (IC) technologies yield a large number of data useful for quality control and quality assurance (QC/QA) in the construction of soil subgrade and embankments. A main c...
Access and Affordability: Mortgage Guarantees

Guarantees are ubiquitous in housing markets, ranging in the United States from Federal Housing Administration (FHA) insurance to institutional guarantees of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac and banks. It is hard to make a case for guarantees as a device for promoting housing on a stand-alone basis; almost anything that can be done with guarantees can be done with taxes and subsidies. However, there is a case for guarantees as a stabilisation device in financial markets, and given that, it is sometimes convenient to use them as a substitute for direct subsidies like vouchers. Guarantees tend to promote risk-taking, so it is important to provide regulations and incentives to control risk-taking.
Instructor fluency leads to higher confidence in learning, but not better learning

Students’ judgements of their own learning often exceed their knowledge on a given topic. One source of this pervasive overconfidence is fluency, the perceived ease with which information is acquired. Though effects of fluency on metacognitive judgments have been explored by manipulating relatively simple stimuli such as font style, few studies have explored the effects of fluency on more complex forms of learning encountered in educational settings, such as learning from lectures. The present study manipulated the fluency of a 31-min video-recorded lecture, and measured its effects on both perceived and actual learning. In the fluent condition, the instructor used non-verbal gestures, voice dynamics, mobility about the space, and appropriate pauses. In the disfluent condition, the same instructor read directly from notes, hunched over a podium, rarely made eye contact, used few non-verbal gestures, spoke in monotone pitch, and took irregular and awkward pauses. Though participants rated the fluent instructor significantly higher than the disfluent instructor on measures of teaching effectiveness and estimated that they had learned more of the material, actual learning between the two groups did not differ as assessed by a memory test over the lecture contents given immediately (Experiment 1) or after a 1-day delay (Experiment 2). This counterintuitive result reveals an “illusion of learning” due to fluency in lecture-based learning, a very common form of instruction.
Elementary Tight-Binding Theory of Schottky-Barrier and Heterojunction Band Line-Ups

The electronic structure of a solid is ordinarily represented in terms of one-electron states, each represented by a wavenumber associated with the electron’s propagation through the lattice. The energy bands give the energy of such states as a function of their wavenumber. Each of these states may be approximated as a combination of local atom-like states, with the wavenumber determining the coefficient of each such state in the propagating electronic state. If real atomic states are used, this is called the method of Linear Combinations of Atomic Orbitals. This idea is as old as Bloch’s original paper [I]; it has generally only been considered* of qualitative significance, though very often the results of more complete and accurate calculations are described in terms of such an atomic basis. Then the parameters which determine the bands are not obtained from real atomic states, but are adjusted to accord with the more accurately calculated bands; such an approach is called Tight-Binding Theory.
CHROME MICA-CLAY, TEMPLE MOUNTAIN, UTAH

Chrome mica-clay occurs at Temple Mountain, Utah in association with uranium mineralization. It contains approximately 0.4 to 0.6% Cr/sub 2/O/sub 3/ and consists of mixed 2M/sub 1/ and 1M mica polymorphs. These mixed polymorphs differ from the well-crystallized single polymorph chrome micas, mariposite and fuchsite. At Placerville, Colorado a similar chrome mica-clay contains as much as 20% interlayered expanding lattice material. Recorded data on synthesis suggest that a likely source of these chrome mica-clays would be hydrothermal chromium-bearing solutions. (auth)
Sparse LU-Decomposition for Chemical Process Flowsheeting on a Multicomputer

This study involves the parallel solution of the linear equations, Ax = b, arising in the context of chemical process flowsheeting, on a hypercube multicomputer using an efficient LU-decomposition technique for the sparse matrices. The Newton-Raphson method is used as the iterative technique to solve the original nonlinear system of equations arising in the flowsheet simulation of the chemical plants. Stepwise solution of the nonlinear system of equations requires the solution of a sparse simultaneous linear system of equations in the form Ax = b as the innermost loop at each iteration. Therefore, it is crucial to obtain a fast and efficient solution to the LU-decomposition problem to be able to simulate chemical plants in large dimensions, especially, a parallel solution which can easily be scaled up as the number of processors increases and can keep all the processors busy. A parallel two-phased LU-Decomposition algorithm which exploits the special structure demonstrated by the coefficient matrix arising from the flowsheeting application is developed and implemented on a hypercube multicomputer. Speedups close to linear are achieved for large problem sizes despite the high fraction of sequentiality present in the process.
[I252] Perspective on paediatric imaging diagnostic reference levels (DRLS)

Abstract Radiological imaging in children has been increasingly used over the last two decades. Children are at higher risk compared to adults due to the detrimental effects of radiation. ICRP recommended to establish paediatric DRLs, including high-dose examinations and procedures, such as CT studies and interventional radiology procedures. However, only a few European countries have established paediatric DRLs, mostly for a limited set of examinations. The existing paediatric DRLs are often adopted from old European Commission recommendations or from rarely updated surveys performed by other countries. Furthermore, the lack of a standardized methodology for establishing DRLs in children prevents the comparison among those already available. Recently, an EC project on new European Guidelines for DRLs in Paediatric Imaging (PiDRL) was awarded to a consortium lead by ESR with the involvement of ESPR, EFRS, EFOMP, and STUK. This project resulted in a series of recommendations concerning the methods to establish new DRLs in children. These recommendations include the definition of local, national, and European DRLs, the set of examinations for which DRLs should be established, grouping of children, dosimetric parameters, and instructions on how to make good use of DRLs. The PiDRL guidelines also provide a set of European DRLs (EDRLs), based on the median value of the distribution of national DRLs for a defined clinical imaging task surveyed for standardised patient groupings. These EDRLs provide an interim solution for countries without national DRLs (NDRLs), until such NDRLs become available. Future steps to be taken are the establishment and use of new EDRLs according to the PiDRL recommendations. The involvement and joint efforts of authoritative bodies, scientific societies, and stakeholders are pivotal to this aim. http://www.eurosafeimaging.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/European-Guidelines-on-DRLs-for-Paediatric-Imaging_Revised_18-July-2016_clean.pdf .
Sensitivity of Life-Cycle Assessment Outcomes to Parameter Uncertainty: Implications for Material Procurement Decision-Making:

This paper aims to apply an analytical approach to propagate parameter uncertainty through Life-Cycle Assessment (LCA) outcomes, and identify equivalence intervals that are applicable during materi...
An Overview of Detecting Deceptive Communication

This chapter provides a state of the art overview of theory and research on human deception detection. Key terms are defined and major theoretical approaches to human deception detection are summarized. The literature review is divided into traditional pre-2006 findings and more recent findings examining new approaches to human lie detection. Until recently, deception detection experiments provided very consistent results. People were just a bit over chance at distinguishing truths from lies. More recent research has suggested approaches to improving accuracy. Improved accuracy can be obtained by the strategic use of evidence, content in context, diagnostic questioning, projecting motives, and persuading people to be honest.
External-Cavity Diode Lasers with High Brightness and High Spectral Purity

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the demonstration of a highly coherent, low-divergence, high-power, external-cavity diode laser suitable for applications in spectroscopy and nonlinear optics that require narrow line width in a diffraction-limited beam. While present wide-stripe laser diodes and arrays can provide a few watts of continuous-wave power, they are multimode devices with poor temporal and spatial coherence. The multimode, high output power from a wide device can be efficiently extracted in a diffraction-limited beam using a properly designed external resonator. Improvement in antireflection coatings is expected to result in further increase in single-frequency power from the high-power, spectrally pure, external-cavity diode laser.
14 – Office Automation

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses what office automation (OA) is. The chapter reviews how the computing and communications technologies are being integrated with standard office equipment to create the automated office of the future. OA is the use of the computing and communications technologies to process office information electronically. OA is concerned with: (1) improving the productivity of managerial, professional, clerical, and administrative personnel, (2) interconnecting all office equipment via local and long-distance communications networks, (3) improving information flow in organizations, and (4) producing accurate information that is timely, useful, and complete. OA systems should be modular—they should consist of separate pieces of hardware and software that combine easily to solve the problems of a particular office. The OA systems should be expandable so that they can grow as needs increase. Many OA stations use windowing to keep track of several tasks at once, for example, the user may edit a document in one window and receive electronic mail in another.
Electrostatic Characteristics Predict Variations in SARS-CoV-2 Spike and Human ACE2 Interactions

ABSTRACT SARS-CoV-2 is a novel pneumonia virus that is presumed to have emerged from bats to crossover into humans in late 2019. As the global pandemic ensues, scientist are working to evaluate the virus and develop a vaccine to counteract the deadly disease that has impacted lives across the entire globe. We perform computational electrostatic simulations on multiple variants of SARS-CoV-2 in complex with human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) variants to examine differences in electrostatic interactions across the various complexes. Calculations are performed across the physiological pH range to also examine the impact of pH on these interactions. Two of six SARS-CoV-2 variations having greater electric forces at pH levels consistent with nasal secretions and significant variations in force across all five variants of ACE2. While five out of six SARS-CoV-2 variations have relatively consistent forces at pH levels of the lung, and one SARS-CoV-2 variant that has low potential across a wide range of pH. These predictions indicate that variants of SARS-CoV-2 and human ACE2 in certain combinations could potentially play a role in increased binding efficacy of SARS-CoV-2 in vivo. ACM Reference Format Scott P. Morton and Joshua L. Phillips. 2020. Electrostatic Characteristics Predict Variations in SARS-CoV-2 Spike and Human ACE2 Interactions. In Proceedings of ACM Conference (Conference’17). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 5 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/nnnnnnn.nnnnnnn
Nanomechanical mapping in air or vacuum using multi-harmonic signals in tapping mode atomic force microscopy

We present a method by which multi-harmonic signals acquired during a normal tapping mode (amplitude modulated) AFM scan of a sample in air or vacuum with standard microcantilevers can be used to map quantitatively the local mechanical properties of the sample such as elastic modulus, adhesion, and indentation. The approach is based on the observation that during the tapping mode operation in air or vacuum, the 0th and 2nd harmonic signals of microcantilever vibration are encountered under most operating conditions and can be mapped with sufficient signal to noise ratio. By measuring the amplitude and phase of the driven harmonic as well as the 0th and 2nd harmonic observables, we find analytical/semi-analytical formulas that relate these multi-harmonic observables to local mechanical properties for several classical tip-sample interaction models. Least squares estimation of the local mechanical properties is performed pixel by pixel. The method is validated through computations as well as experimental data acquired on a polymer blend made of Polystyrene and Polyolefin elastomer.