cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Scale-up and field test of the vacuum/steam/vacuum surface intervention process for poultry

The Vacuum/Steam/Vacuum surface intervention pilot plant processor was scaled up to a mobile unit that can be transported to close proximity of chicken processing plants. After several modifications to the mandrel that supports the broiler carcass in the treatment chamber to minimize mechanical damage, the unit was capable of 1.1 log cfu/mL kill of inoculated Listeria innocua and 1.4 log cfu/mL kill of inoculated E. coli K-12. Field tests achieved 1.4 log kill of E. coli and 1.2 log kill of Campylobacter on freshly processed chicken using 3 cycles and 138C saturated steam. But, there was extensive mechanical damage. the mandrel was modified in the Eastern Regional Research Center pilot plant to eliminate the mechanical damage. With mechanical damage eliminated, the bacteria kill was 1.1–1.5 log of inoculated E. coli K-12 with a total process time of 1.1 s.
AN INTERESTING CAULERPA FROM THE ANDAMAN SEA

14. SKOK. J. & .\ICILRATH. W. J. 1957. Influence of boron on 15. SOROKIN, C. & KRAUSS. R. W. 1958. The effects of light the growth of CAlorella. Plant Physiol., Suppl. 32:xxiii. intensity on the growth rates of green algae. Plant Physiol. SNEDECOR, G . IV. 1946. Stntisticnl Methods Applied to 33: 109-1 3. Experiments in Agriculture and Biology. Iowa State Coll. 16. STEGMANN, G . 1940. Die Bedeutung dcr Spurcnclcmentc Press, Ames, Iowa. (See pp. 43-65.) fur Chlorella. 2. Botanik 35385422.
Hierarchical face clustering on polygonal surfaces

Many graphics applications, and interactive systems in particular, rely on hierarchical surface representations to efficiently process very complex models. Considerable attention has been focused on hierarchies of surface approximations and their construction via automatic surface simplification. Such representations have proven effective for adapting the level of detail used in real time display systems. However, other applications such as ray tracing, collision detection, and radiosity benefit from an alternative multiresolution framework: hierarchical partitions of the original surface geometry. We present a new method for representing a hierarchy of regions on a polygonal surface which partition that surface dinto a set of face clusters. These clusters, which are connected sets of faces, represent the aggregate properties of the original surface at different scales rather than providing geometric approximations of varying complexity. We also describe the combination of an effective error metric and a novel algorithm for constructing these hierarchies. CR Categories: I.3.5 [Computer Graphics]: Computational Geometry and Object Modeling—surface and object representations
Revitalizing agricultural research for global food security

An imaginative American legislation, the Morrill Act of 1862, established the U. S. Land Grant University Model, where such universities would adopt a uniform, tri-partite function of education, research, and extension. It legislated that these universities would provide segments of society with practical and timely education that would be useful to their daily lives. A profound concept based on a system that focused on educating the next generation of agricultural scientists, providing support to the generation of new knowledge and technology, and communicating the results of the new discoveries to key stakeholders was born. Sustained support of this 19th century legislation and the commitment and drive of generations of agricultural scientists and farmers brought about remarkable advances, making 20th century American agriculture most productive and the envy of the world. These successes were replicated in North America, Europe, and in much of the developed world, and served as the impetus for the emergence of the Asian Green Revolution. Farming became a profitable business and consumers were accustomed to safe and relatively inexpensive supply of food, unfortunately leading to 21st century complacency. The recent food price crises seem to have reawakened world leaders and donor agencies to the necessity of assuring the food security of nations and to revitalizing and reinvesting in the agricultural sciences.
Site-selective spectroscopy of Eu3+ in bioactive glass

Abstract Europium impurity ions have been incorporated into bioactive glass hosts via a sol–gel technique. A series of the bioactive glasses was prepared by varying the calcium to silicon ratio. Trivalent europium impurities were incorporated into the hosts during the hydrolysis stage of the sol–gel process. All samples emit bright luminescence at room temperature associated with the D 0 5 → F 2 7 transitions, with 394 nm excitation. Excitation and site-selective emission studies of the europium spectra demonstrate a distinct subset of ion sites. The emission from the distinct site shows well-defined Stark levels indicating the presence of a crystalline phase. The intensity of the emission scales with the calcium content of the samples. Thus, it is demonstrated that europium luminescence can provide an optical probe of calcium crystallization, which is more sensitive than X-ray diffraction, in these technologically important glasses.
Structured, sequential, multisensory teaching: The Orton legacy

This manuscript is based on The Samuel Torrey Orton and June Lyday Orton Memorial Lecture, presented by Marcia K. Henry at the 48th Annual Conference of the International Dyslexia Association. The paper provides a selective biography of Samuel T. Orton, discusses his educational ideas and how they came to be, and considers how current educational research validates much of Orton’s early thinking.
Cloning, Characterization, and Heterologous Expression of cDNAs for Farnesyl Diphosphate Synthase from the Guayule Rubber Plant Reveals That This Prenyltransferase Occurs in Rubber Particles

Two farnesyl diphosphate synthase (FPS) cDNA's from a guayule stembark library were isolated and characterized. Both encode M(r) 39,000 proteins containing 432 amino acids that differ slightly in their deduced molecular weights and isoelectric points. They both contain the DDXXD motifs that are characteristic of prenyltransferases, and both isoforms show high homology to other plant FPS sequences but less overall homology to FPS sequences from nonplant sources. The two isoforms differ by 5% in their amino acid sequence. When expressed in Escherichia coli, each guayule isoform exhibits high specific activity that produces farnesyl diphosphate as the major isoprenoid and small amounts of geranyl diphosphate. Biochemical and immunological evidence also indicates that FPS is associated with guayule rubber particles. Antibodies to chicken FPS cross-react with both guayule isoforms expressed in E. coli and recognize a low abundance M(r) 39,000 protein in rubber particles purified from guayule stembark. Guayule FPS sequences show high homology to peptide fragments of the prenyltransferase associated with rubber particles from Hevea brasiliensis, suggesting that this enzyme may be important for rubber biosynthesis in both species.
Associative symmetry vs. independent associations

Abstract We develop a neural network model of paired-associate learning based upon an auto-associative learning mechanism. We show that this relatively simple neural network can replicate complex human behavioral data, but only when the correlation between forward and backward learning is highly correlated. This network-based analysis is used to constrain psychological theories of association in humans.
Are earthquakes predictable

SUMMARY The answer to the above question depends on the definition of earthquake prediction. We discuss several definitions and possible classifications of earthquake prediction methods. We also consider various measures of prediction efficiency, review several recent examples of earthquake prediction, and describe the methods that can be used to verify prediction schemes. We conclude that an empirical search for earthquake precursors that forecast the size of an impending earthquake has been fruitless. Despite considerable effort in several countries, no statistically rigorous validation of proposed precursory phenomena is available: therefore, reported cases of precursors can be explained by random noise or by chance coincidence. We present evidence that earthquakes are non-linear, chaotic, scale-invariant phenomena. The most probable consequence of earthquake self-similarity is a lack of earthquake predictability as popularly defined, that is a forecast of a specific individual earthquake. Many small earthquakes occur throughout any seismic zone, demonstrating that the critical conditions for earthquake nucleation are satisfied almost everywhere. Apparently, any small shock can grow into a large event. Thus, it is likely that an earthquake has no preparatory stage. This sceptical view of current earthquake prediction efforts should not be interpreted as a statement that any further attempts to mitigate the destructive effects of earthquakes are futile. The seismic-moment conservation principle, when combined with geodetic deformation data, offers a new way to evaluate the seismic hazard, not only for tectonic plate boundaries, but also for areas of low seismicity, that is the interiors of continents. Earthquake clustering with a power-law temporal decay (Omori's law) can be used to estimate the rate of future earthquake ocurrence. Realtime seismology can facilitate relief efforts after large earthquakes and eventually provide an immediate warning of severe shaking a few seconds or tens of seconds before the shaking starts.
Counter-propagating plasma jet collision and shock formation on a compact current driver

Abstract In this paper we report on the ability of a compact current driver yielding 250 kA in 150 ns to produce counter-propagating plasma flows. The flows were produced by two vertically-opposed conical wire arrays separated by 1 cm, each comprised of 8 wires. With this array configuration, we were able to produce two supersonic plasma jets with velocities on the order of 100–200 km/s that propagate towards each other and collide. Aluminum wires were tested first; we observed a shock wave forming at the collision region that remained stationary for an extended period of time (∼50 ns) using optical probing diagnostics and Extreme Ultraviolet imaging. After this period, a bow shock is formed that propagates at 20 km/s towards the cathode of the array, likely due to small differences in the density and/or speed of the jets. The inter-jet ion mean free path was estimated to be larger than the shock scale length for aluminum, indicating that the shock is not mediated by collisions, but possibly by a magnetic field, whose potential sources are also discussed. Radiative cooling and density contrast between the jets were found to be important in the shock wave dynamics. We studied the importance of these effects by colliding jets of two different materials, using aluminum in one and copper in the other. In this configuration, the bow shock was observed to collapse into a thin shell and then to fragment, forming clumpy features. Simultaneously, the tip of the bow shock is seen to narrow as the bow shock moves at a similar speed observed in the Al–Al case. We discuss the similarity criteria for scaling astrophysical objects to the laboratory, finding that the dimensionless numbers are promising.
Picosecond time-resolved spectroscopy of the excited state in a soluble derivative of poly(phenylene vinylene): Origin of the bimolecular decay

Picosecond time-resolved spectroscopy studies are performed on solutions and thin films of ${\mathrm{poly}[2\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{m}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{h}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{x}\mathrm{y}\ensuremath{-}5\ensuremath{-}(2}^{\ensuremath{'}}\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{h}\mathrm{y}\mathrm{l}\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{h}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{x}\mathrm{y}\mathrm{l}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{x}\mathrm{y})\ensuremath{-}1,4\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{p}\mathrm{h}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{y}\mathrm{l}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{}\mathrm{vinylene}]$ (MEH-PPV) in order to examine the excited state. Interactions between excitations on different chains result in bimolecular decay dynamics. Since a contribution from bimolecular decay is observed at excitation densities above ${10}^{18}{\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}3},$ excitations on different chains interact in the solid state within the picosecond time regime over distances of at least 10 nm. We analyze the time dependence of the interaction dynamics predicted by different models and conclude that F\"orster transfer makes a significant contribution to the bimolecular interaction. However, in order to explain both the magnitude of the bimolecular decay coefficient and the interaction range (at least 10 nm in the picosecond time regime), quantum delocalization well beyond a single chain must be assumed. We conclude that the wave function of the photoexcitations extends over about 5 nm.
Effect of dietary energy restriction on bone mineral content of mature rats

Abstract Male adult 16 months old Fischer-344 rats (7 per group) were feda control diet ad libitum and energy modified diets restricted to 80% (R-80) and to 60% (R-60) of the control intake, while mineral and protein intakes were held constant at adequate levels. The control diet contained Ca, P, Mg & protein at 0.7, 0.4, 0.05 & 18.8%, respectively, and the two restricted diets contained higher levels of these nutrients to provide quantities equal to control diet when restricted to the respective energy level. After 16 weeks of feeding, significantly lower content in ash of the right femur (p
Hemodynamic effects of intravenous and oral sotalol

Abstract Beta-adrenergic blocking agents may have negative inotropic effects that are particularly worrisome in patients with depressed cardiac function. Their membrane-stabilizing properties may be a contributing factor. Sotalol is currently thought not to cause significant myocardial depression. Intravenous sotalol administration has minimal effects on resting stroke volume, although heart rate and consequently cardiac output are significantly decreased. Systolic blood pressure decreases, with a minimal change in diastolic or mean pressure. Hemodynamic effects are usually seen within 15 to 20 minutes of administration. Hemodynamic indexes are maintained even in patients with mildly depressed ejection fractions (mean ejection fraction of 43 ± 15%) after oral sotalol administration. Although heart rate decreases, cardiac index is unchanged because of a significant increase in stroke volume index. The latter results from an increase in preload (secondary to bradycardia) and a decrease in afterload. Sotalol is well tolerated, although occasionally it may cause worsening heart failure. This is seen in patients with markedly depressed left ventricular function and inadequate cardiac reserve characterized by an inability to increase stroke volume and cardiac output with exercise. Long-term (1-year) patient follow-up reveals no significant hemodynamic deterioration from initial values obtained after oral administration.
Analysis of solid samples by ICP-mass spectrometry

ICP-Mass spectrometry is typically used as a technique for very rapid multielement analysis at trace and ultra-trace levels of solutions by continuous sample aspiration and nebulization. However, ICP-MS is well suited to be used as a detector for other sample introduction devices. For the analysis of solid samples laser sampling and electrothermal vaporization accessories may be used as sample introduction devices for ICP-MS. Laser sampling permits the analysis of many different types of solid materials. For solid sampling ETV-ICP-MS analysis it is of advantage to reduce the sample to a fine powder prior to analysis. For automated analysis powders may be introduced as slurries into the graphite furnace by means of a slurry sampling device. Since appropriate certified solid reference materials are not always available for calibration, or since they are not certified for all analyte elements of interest, the analyses discussed in this contribution were performed semiquantitatively. The instrument response function was established using reference materials which were similar in their composition to the samples. The results of semiquantitative bulk analyses of glass (NIST 612) and geological material (USGS GXR-3) by laser sampling ICP-MS are in good agreement with the certified values. The concentrations of the analytes determined in the glass sample were in the range of 10 μg/g to 80 μg/g. The lowest analyte concentration in the geological sample was 0.4 μg/g (Eu) and the highest was approximately 186 mg/g (Fe). The precision achieved was in the order of 5% to 15%. Laser sampling ICP-MS is not only suitable to bulk analysis but also to analyses where spatial information is required. As an example for such an application the determination of Pb in a wine bottle cork stopper is dicussed. The slurry sampling technique was used for the semiquantitative analysis of NIST coal reference samples by electrothermal vaporization ICP-MS. The accuracy achieved with this approach was within a factor of ±2 of the reference values.
Isolated fallopian tube torsion in pediatric and adolescent females: a retrospective review of 15 cases at a single institution.

Abstract Study Objective To identify and review cases of isolated fallopian tube torsion (FTT) at our institution to further characterize diagnosis and management. Design Retrospective review. Setting Tertiary care medical center. Participants Case series of pediatric and adolescent females, Intervention None. Main Outcome Measure Isolated fallopian tube torsion. Results Fifteen cases of isolated fallopian tube torsion were identified based on intraoperative diagnosis. Patient ages ranged from 8-15 years old, mean age of 12. Fourteen patients (93%) presented with abdominal pain, 8 (53%) localized to the side of associated torsion. Ultrasonography reports described a tubular structure in 4 patients and an associated ovarian or paraovarian cyst in eleven patients. Suspicion of fallopian tube torsion was only described for those patients with a tubular structure described on ultrasonography report. Intraoperatively, 7 patients (47%) were found to have no associated pathology and 8 (53%) were found to have associated cyst or hydrosalpinx. Eight (53%) patients underwent salipingectomy and 7 (47%) underwent reversal of torsion with drainage of associated cyst or cystectomy. Conclusions Isolated fallopian tube torsion is a rare condition that seems to occur in younger adolescents. Vague clinical presentation contributes to low preoperative suspicion. Preoperative suspicion may be increased based on radiographic findings of an enlarged tubular structure or an adjacent normal ovary. Management may be considered nonemergent and salpingectomy is controversial. Long-term fertility outcomes must be further assessed for more definitive decisions regarding surgical management.
The Java Tree Withers

One of Java's key strengths is its portability. The Java virtual machine (JVM) is a high-performance, portable, and successful substrate. However, the tectonic shift in Java ownership (from Sun to Oracle) has caused aftershocks, destabilizing Java APIs. This has been exacerbated by neglect and deprecation. Deprecation warnings aren't generally deemed serious, as programs continue to run. However, sometimes entire JVMs are deprecated. The biggest threat to Java is Apple's banning of Java on the iPhone and the deprecation of the new JVM on the Mac OS.
The mouse olfactory peduncle

The olfactory peduncle, the region connecting the olfactory bulb with the basal forebrain, contains several neural areas that have received relatively little attention. The present work includes studies that provide an overview of the region in the mouse. An analysis of cell soma size in pars principalis (pP) of the anterior olfactory nucleus (AON) revealed considerable differences in tissue organization between mice and rats. An unbiased stereological study of neuron number in the cell-dense regions of pars externa (pE) and pP of the AON of 3-, 12-, and 24-month-old mice indicated that pE has about 16,500 cells in 0.043 mm(3) and pP about 58,300 cells in 0.307 mm(3) . Quantitative Golgi studies of pyramidal neurons in pP suggested that mouse neurons are similar to although smaller than those of the rat. An immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that all peduncular regions (pE, pP, the dorsal peduncular cortex, ventral tenia tecta, and anterior olfactory tubercle and piriform cortex) have cells that express either calbindin, calretinin, parvalbumin, somatostatin, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, neuropeptide Y, or cholecystokinin (antigens commonly co-expressed by subspecies of γ-aminobutyric acid [GABA]ergic neurons), although the relative numbers of each cell type differ between zones. Finally, an electron microscopic comparison of the organization of myelinated fibers in lateral olfactory tract in the anterior and posterior peduncle indicated that the region is less orderly in mice than in rats. The results provide a caveat for investigators who generalize data between species, as both similarities and differences between the laboratory mouse and rat were observed.
Complexes of platelet factor 4 and heparin activate Toll-like receptor 4.

Summary Background In some patients, the anticoagulant heparin elicits formation of antibodies that can cause the life and/or limb-threatening syndrome known as heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT). HIT antibodies target complexes formed at specific molar ratios of heparin and platelet factor 4 (PF4). The unpredictable occurrence and the mechanism of this atypical immune response to PF4:heparin complexes are poorly understood. Objective We investigated whether complexes formed at specific PF4:heparin ratios (PHRs) might resemble molecular patterns associated with host defense responses. Methods We used an in vitro cytokine release assay to determine whether defined PHRs caused cytokine release from human whole blood. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used as a positive assay control, and some experiments included antibodies to block Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). Results PF4:heparin complexes caused release of the biomarker interleukin 8 in whole blood, and the level of response varied with the stoichiometric ratio of PF4 to heparin. The profile of response to LPS and to PF4:heparin complexes varied among blood donors, and the interleukin 8 response to both LPS and PF4:heparin was inhibited by TLR4-blocking antibodies. Conclusions Specific PF4–heparin complexes can elicit a TLR4-mediated response, suggesting that these complexes can mimic a pathogen-associated molecular pattern, and supporting the suggestion that the HIT immune response represents a misdirected host defense mechanism.
Two different PAX3 gene mutations causing Waardenburg syndrome type I

Waardenburg syndrome (WS) is a form of autosomal dominant inherited deafness combined with specific congenital anomalies. WS types I and III are correlated with mutations in the PAX3 gene on chromosome 2q37. In this report we describe two mutations in the human PAX3 gene causing WS type I in two families. One mutation is an insertion in the paired box domain resulting in a protein termination within the paired box. The second mutation is a base pair substitution producing an arginine to cysteine amino acid change in the homeobox region.
Adult and Peer Social Interactions During Preschool Activity: A Combination for Gender Segregation?

Evidence suggests that gender segregation begins early in life, and becomes a dominant social fact for childhood and beyond. The phenomenon of segregation starts before three years of age, and seems to accelerate through middle childhood. One of the remarkable things about this differentiation is that it seems to occur naturally during the everyday activity of children. In this paper we attempt to explore some possible root causes of this gender segregation. We observed adult/child and child/ child social interactions in a preschool classroom that might normally be considered pre‐gender segregation or early gender segregation (30‐42 months of age). The observations were conducted during two distinctly different types of preschool activities: adult/mentor dominated activities (i.e., circle time) and peer culture dominated activities (i.e., free playtime). Analysis and coding of observations suggests that adult/child social interactions were very different for interactions initiated by females and those ini...
Craniotomy for resection of pediatric brain tumors in the United States, 1988 to 2000: effects of provider caseloads and progressive centralization and specialization of care.

OBJECTIVE: Large provider caseloads are associated with better patient outcomes after many complex surgical procedures. Mortality rates for pediatric brain lumor surgery in various practice settings have not been described. We used a national hospital discharge database to study the volume-outcome relationship for craniotomy performed for pediatric brain tumor resection, as well as trends toward centralization and specialization. METHODS: We conducted a cross sectional and longitudinal cohort study using Nationwide inpatient Sample data for 1988 to 200 (Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Rockville, MD). Multivariate analyses adjusted for age, Sex, geographic region, admission type (emergency, urgent, or elective), tumor location, and malignacy. RESULTS: We analyzed 4712 admissions (329 hospitals, 480 identified surgeons) for pediatric brain tumor craniotomy. The in-hospital mortality rate was 1,6% and decreased form 2.7% (in 1988-1990) to 1.2% (in 1997-2000) during the study period, On a per-patient basis, median annual caseloads were 11 for hospitals (range, 1-59 cases) and 6 for surgeons (range, 1-32 cases). In multivariate analyses, the mortality rate was significantly lower at high-volume hospitals than at low-volume hospitals (odds ratio, 0.52 for 10-fold larger caseload; 95% confidence interval. 0,28-0,94; p = 0,03). The mortality rate was 2.3% at the lowest-volume-quartile hospitals (4 or tewer admissions annually), compared with 1.4% at the highest-volume-quartile bospitals (more than 20 admissions annually). There was a trend toward lower mortality rates after surgery performed by high-volume surgeons (P = 0.16). Adverse hospital discharge disposition was less likely to be associated with high-volume hospitals (P < 0.001) and high-volume surgeonts (P = 0.004). Length of stay and hospital charges were minimally related to hospital caseloads. Approximately 5% of United States hospitals performed pediatric brain tumor craniotomy during this period. The burden of care shifted loward large-caseload hospitals, teaching hospitals, and surgoens whose practices included predominantly pediatric patients, indicating progressive centralization and specialization. CONCLUSION: Mortality and adverse discharge disposition rates for pediatric brain tumor craniotomy were lower when the procedure was performed at high-volume hospitals and by high-volume surgeons in the United States, from 1988 to 2000. There were trends toward lower mortality rates, greater centralization of surgery, and more specialization among surgeons during this period.
Cadaveric small bowel/split liver transplantation in a child.

Scarcity of size-matched grafts continues to be a major limiting factor for liver and combined liver/intestinal transplants in the pediatric population. It is reported that 29 % of pediatric patients listed for hepatic transplantation die while waiting for a donor. The reported mortality of pediatric patients awaiting intestinal transplantation is about 40 %. We report on a technique of segmental liver and intestinal transplantation in a child. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a combined split liver-intestinal transplantation. We used a cadaveric donor, but the technique can also be performed with a live donor. The adult recipient of one segment of the liver was discharged home without complications. The child who received the combined liver intestinal graft developed intestinal perforation and severe rejection and died. If this technique is applied successfully, the adverse effects and mortality of a long pretransplant waiting period in pediatric patients may be avoided.
Construction of ‘compound’ rust resistance genes in maize

The Rp1 locus of maize is a complex rust resistance locus where multiple resistance genes are clustered. Rare recombination events between Rp1 genes or alleles can produce two or more detectable genes linked in coupling phase. Such ‘compound’ genes can then be manipulated as a single gene in breeding programs. Several compound Rp1 genes, each carrying two or three tightly linked resistance genes, were constructed to test their utility in controlling common rust. While none of the lines carrying single Rp1 genes were resistant to all of the characterized North American P. sorghi biotypes, most of the two component and all of the three component Rp1 complexes were resistant. The potential for utilization of compound resistance genes in other crop species is discussed.
Conformal metrics with prescribed scalar curvature

Soit (M n ,g) une variete de Riemann compacte et R une fonction reguliere sur M. On considere le probleme de trouver une fonction v sur M telle que la metrique exp(2v)•g a une courbure scalaire K. On considere seulement le cas ou la courbure scalaire de g est non negative
Globbic approximation in low-resolution direct-methods phasing

Probabilistic direct-methods phasing theory, originally based on a uniform atomic distribution hypothesis, is shown to be adaptable to a non-uniform bulk-solvent-compensated globbic approximation for protein crystals at low resolution. The effective number ng of non-H protein atoms per polyatomic glob increases with decreasing resolution; low-resolution phases depend on the positions of only Ng = Na/ng globs rather than Na atoms. Test calculations were performed with measured structure-factor data and the refined structural parameters from a protein crystal with ∼10 000 non-H protein atoms per molecule and ∼60% solvent volume. Low-resolution data sets with dmin ranging from 15 to 5 A gave ng = admin + b, with a = 1.0 A−1 and b = −1.9 for the test case. Results of tangent-formula phase-estimation trials emphasize that completeness of the low-resolution data is critically important for probabilistic phasing.
Overview of the Current Benefits and Risks of Continuous-Flow Left Ventricular Assist Devices

The Houston Methodist Hospital has been on the forefront of mechanical circulatory support (MCS) for more than 50 years. Under the leadership of Drs. Michael DeBakey and George Noon, many crucial innovations in the field of MCS have originated in this very institution, culminating in the implementation of continuous-flow left ventricular assist devices (CF-LVADs) for long-term support in 1998. Thanks to this newer technology, the clinical application has rapidly expanded, allowing more patients to return to their community on LVAD support and regain quality of life and satisfying levels of activity. In fact, the numbers of longterm LVAD patients living in the community have grown so much that new structures and programs are being created to care for them at home. As a result, the role of the cardiologist has become more central, and the therapy has transformed from an acute life-saving intervention to a long-term management intervention aimed at improving the patient’s quality of life and overall wellbeing. Clearly, LVAD therapy has become a valuable tool in the spectrum of an integrated advanced heart failure program. Some of the most exciting advances in the field of MCS are the clinical adoption of these smaller and more durable CF-LVADs and also the growing concept of destination long-term therapy. Based on the most recent report of the Interagency Registry for Mechanically Assisted Circulatory Support (INTERMACS), more than 12,000 patients have been entered into the INTERMACS database using data from more than 140 centers. 1 This equates to a significant increase in the number of centers approved to offer and provide CF-LVADs to patients with end-stage heart failure. Currently, CF-LVADs account for 100% of patients receiving destination therapy and represent almost all of the MCS devices being used in patients. 1 Adoption of this technology is attributed to the observed significant improvement in quality of life out to 24 months post-implant and survival; actuarial survival at 1 and 2 years has reached 80% and 70%, respectively. In addition to these benefits, the total burden of adverse events appears to have slightly decreased in the current era of CF-LVAD therapy (2011 to 2013). However, long-term event-free survival defined as percent freedom from first occurrence of infection, bleeding, device malfunction, stroke, and death measured at 12 months remains high. 2
Unipolar bubbles in star-forming regions

Near-infrared images of two star-forming regins, AFGL 2591 and S140, reveal nearly circular loops with the young stellar object at one edge. The loops are aligned with the direction of high-velocity outflow and are interpreted as the outline of a bubble or cavity of dimensions about 10,000 AU in the dense molecular cloud material. In both cases, the bubble appears on only one side of the young stellar object. For AFGL 2591, it corresponds to the blueshifted CO lobe, while for S140 IRS 1 it corresponds to the redshifted CO lobe. In 1982, Koenigl predicted this shape and geometry bubble for a stellar wind impinging on a molecular cloud with density gradient of roughly 1/z-squared. A similar density gradient is implied by reddening measurements of the bubble in AFGL 2591. These images show directly the interaction of the stellar wind from a newly forming star with its environment on about 1000 AU (arcsec) scales.
Absolute Rate Constants for Radical Additions to Alkenes in Solution. The Synergistic Effect of Perfluorination on the Reactivities of n-Alkyl Radicals1.

Laser flash photolysis has been used to determine the absolute rate constants for addition of several partially fluorinated n-alkyl radicals to three styrenes at 25 °C in Freon 113. Fluorination at the γ-position (RCF2CH2CH2•) gives radicals with essentially the same reactivity as non-fluorinated n-alkyls. The RCH2CF2CH2• and RCH2CH2CHF• radicals are both about three times as reactive as RCF2CH2CH2•, but the RCH2CH2CF2• radical is ca. five to six times rather than ca. three times as reactive as RCH2CH2CHF•. Similarly, the perfluorinated radical CF3CF2CF2• is much more reactive than would be expected on the basis of the reactivities of the RCH2CF2CH2• and RCH2CH2CF2• radicals. Thus, perfluorinated n-alkyl radicals are very considerably more reactive than would be predicted from the individual effects of α-, β-, and γ-fluorination.
Etiologic heterogeneity in dyskeratosis congenita

Most patients with dyskeratosis congenita [DC or Zinsser-Cole-Engman syndrome] are males hemizygous for an X-linked recessive mutation. However, one or more autosomal form(s) of DC may exist. We have studied a 6-year-old black girl with the characteristic triad of nail dystrophy, cutaneous and mucosal pigmentary changes, and bone marrow failure. Severe microcephaly, mental retardation, cerebellar hypoplasia, and purple discoloration of the tongue were other manifestations not usually seen in DC. Comparison of our patient's phenotype with that of 5 other sporadic and 10 familial cases of DC in females showed that the autosomal and X-linked phenotypes are not distinguishable in the absence of a suggestive pedigree pattern. Additional cases of DC need to be studied to better elucidate the apparent causal heterogeneity in this syndrome.
A quasiclassical trajectory study of H+H2O→OH+H2: Angular distributions and OH angular momentum alignment

We present a detailed theoretical study of the H+H2O reaction dynamics using quasiclassical trajectories and two potential energy surfaces, one from Walch–Dunning–Schatz–Elgersma (WDSE) and one from Isaacson (I5). Collision energies of 1.0, 1.4, and 2.2 eV are considered, and both scalar and vector properties of the product distributions are presented. The vector properties include polarization-dependent differential cross sections (PDDCS) and angular momentum alignment parameters for both OH and H2. The WDSE and I5 scalar and vector results are in most respects very similar. However, we find that they differ noticeably with respect to angular momentum alignment, with I5 predicting weak OH alignment, while WDSE shows much stronger alignment with the OH angular momentum vector preferentially perpendicular to the scattering plane. The I5 surface is a more recent and more accurate surface for H3O, so it is extremely encouraging that the alignment predicted by I5 is in quantitative agreement with a recent mea...
Heat Transfer From a Pair of Radial Jet Reattachment Flames

Flame jet impingement heat transfer for a pair of Radial Jet Reattachment Combustion (RJRC) nozzles has been studied for flames which were highly, moderately, and weakly interactive. The most uniform heat flux and temperature distributions occurred at the closest between-nozzle spacing, when the flames were highly interacting, while the highest heat flux and surface temperatures were measured when the two flame jets were moderately interacting at intermediate between-nozzle spacings. The optimal spacing for two nozzles was determined based on maximum heat flux and surface temperature. In addition, the percent overall heat transfer to the impingement surface decreased with increasing between-nozzle spacing. The results of this study provide valuable information for applying RJRC nozzles to industrial flame jet impingement heat-treatment processes.
Physiological and descriptive variables as predictors for the Emergency Severity Index

Many hospital emergency departments (EDs) in the United States have implemented the use of the five-level Emergency Severity Index (ESI) as their clinical decision support method to enhance clinical decision making in the triage process. The ESI designates the most acutely ill patients as level 1 or 2 and those who do not meet these criteria are assigned to levels 3–5 based on estimated resource utilization. Although the number of resources is the primary decision rule to determine levels 3–5, physiological and descriptive variables can also be used to predict the ESI level. This study uses several physiological and descriptive variables as predictors to determine the ESI value. The physiological variables include heart rate, blood pressure, temperature, respiration rate, and oxygen level, whereas the descriptive variables include age, gender, pain level, and patient complaint. An ordered probit model was developed for ESI prediction. In addition, a linear regression model was also developed to demonstrat...
Enabling efficient orienteering behavior in webmail clients

Webmail clients provide millions of end users with convenient and ubiquitous access to electronic mail - the most successful collaboration tool ever. Web email clients are also the platform of choice for recent innovations on electronic mail and for integration of related information services into email. In the enterprise, however, webmail applications have been relegated to being a supplemental tool for mail access from home or while on the road. In this paper, we draw on recent research in the area of electronic mail to understand usage models and performance requirements for enterprise email applications. We then present an innovative architecture for a webmail client. By leveraging recent advances in web browser technology, we show that webmail clients can offer performance and responsiveness that rivals a desktop application while still retaining all the advantages of a browser based client.
Structural Changes in the Phonograph Record Industry and its Channels of Distribution, 1946-1966

The combination of changes in popular preferences and technological advances in sound recording and reproduction led to a deconcentration of the phonograph record industry in the 20 years after Wor...
Wing-body aeroelasticity on parallel computers

This article presents a procedure for computing the aeroelasticity of wing-body configurations on multiple-instruction, multiple-data parallel computers. In this procedure, fluids are modeled using Euler equations discretized by a finite difference method, and structures are modeled using finite element equations. The procedure is designed in such a way that each discipline can be developed and maintained independently by using a domain decomposition approach. A parallel integration scheme is used to compute aeroelastic responses by solving the coupled fluid and structural equations concurrently while keeping modularity of each discipline. The present procedure is validated by computing the aeroelastic response of a wing and comparing with experiment. Aeroelastic computations are illustrated for a high speed civil transport type wing-body configuration.
The Gaussian interference wiretap channel when the eavesdropper channel is arbitrarily varying

In this work we considered the Gaussian two-user interference channel where the eavesdropper channel is arbitrarily varying, all channel matrices have rank less than or equal to 2, and the eavesdropper has 1 antenna. We identify a class of these channel models for which the secrecy degrees of freedom (s.d.o.f.) region is achieved by letting only one user transmit a time. We also provided a non-trivial example for which such a transmission strategy is sub-optimal in terms of s.d.o.f. region. The achievable scheme for this example introduces a new technique to achieve secrecy for MIMO wiretap channels, in which the transmitter-receiver pair uses linear precoding so that effectively the signals are beam-formed toward a direction that can not be attained by the eavesdropper and is at the same time orthogonal to interference from the other user.
Management of acute occlusion after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty.

Acute coronary occlusion is a not infrequent complication of angioplasty. When it persists, it commonly leads to myocardial infarction, and sometimes to death. Ideally, it should be prevented by careful attention to technical predisposing factors and the routine prophylactic administration of heparin and aspirin. There are a number of strategies for managing the problem when it does occur; these frequently include re-angioplasty with standard or perfusion balloon catheters and the use of stents or atherectomy: However, if prompt reopening is not possible, then immediate coronary artery bypass grafting may be the wisest choice.
C - Reactive Protein, Inflammatory Conditions and Cardiovascular Disease Risk

Background It is uncertain to what extent high C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations reflect the presence of inflammatory conditions in the community.
Retinoblastoma in older children

Abstract Purpose: Retinoblastoma (RB) is known to present with atypical signs and symptoms in older patients. Our article reviews the clinical and histopathological features of RB encountered in children older than 5 years of age. Methods: A total of 337 consecutive patients with RB were reviewed. Eighteen (5.3%; 10 males, 8 females) who presented after the age of 5 were selected for further analysis of clinical data and histopathological material in this retrospective, non-comparative case series. Results: The age range was from 5 to 12 years (mean age 6.4). Unilateral disease was seen in 14 children, bilateral disease in 4 children. Eleven children were the product of consanguineous marriages. Seven patients had leukocoria; the others presented with signs of uveitis, cellulitis, and/or trauma. Three patients had flat, plaque-like lesions on histopathologic evaluation. Conclusions: Clinical and histopathologic features were atypical in 47% and 21% respectively in the retinoblastoma patients who presented after the age of 5 years. (J AAPOS 2002;6:26-32)
SIMULATION OF RAYLEIGH-BENARD CONVECTION USING A LATTICE BOLTZMANN METHOD

Rayleigh-B\'enard convection is numerically simulated in two and three dimensions using a recently developed two-component lattice Boltzmann equation (LBE) method. The density field of the second component, which evolves according to the advection-diffusion equation of a passive scalar, is used to simulate the temperature field. A body force proportional to the temperature is applied, and the system satisfies the Boussinesq equation except for a slight compressibility. A no-slip, isothermal boundary condition is imposed in the vertical direction, and periodic boundary conditions are used in horizontal directions. The critical Rayleigh number for the onset of the Rayleigh-B\'enard convection agrees with the theoretical prediction. As the Rayleigh number is increased higher, the steady two-dimensional convection rolls become unstable. The wavy instability and aperiodic motion observed, as well as the Nusselt number as a function of the Rayleigh number, are in good agreement with experimental observations and theoretical predictions. The LBE model is found to be efficient, accurate, and numerically stable for the simulation of fluid flows with heat and mass transfer.
A comparison of fire‐resistant hydraulic fluids for hazardous industrial environments. Part II. Stability, fluid life, and environment

Fire-resistant hydraulic fluids have been developed since the Second World War. In addition to phosphate esters, there are various other fluids (e.g. oil-in-water emulsions, water glycols) available. This paper provides a technical comparison of the different fluid types, in terms of fire resistance, lubricating properties, and viscosity. The second part of the study examines the corrosion properties, thermal and oxidative stability, shear stability, materials compatibility, and other physical properties.
Diagenesis of Cretaceous limestones in the Edwards aquifer system of south-central Texas: A scanning electron microscope study

Abstract Diagenesis in shallow cores from the Lower Cretaceous Edwards Limestone was investigated in thin sections and with the scanning electron microscope (SEM). The SEM is a particularly useful tool in the study of diagenesis in porous fine-grained carbonate rocks because of its good resolution and depth of field. The Edwards Group was deposited in shallow-marine environments and underwent normal early diagenesis. Dolomite and evaporite minerals such as gypsum formed penecontemporaneously in some tidal-flat sediments. Slightly later, when the carbonate sediments were flushed by fresh water, carbonate mud recrystallized to micrite and aragonite allochems altered to calcite or were leached. Some cementation by calcite occurred in a fresh-water phreatic environment. The Edwards Limestone was divided into two zones by Miocene faulting along the Balcones Fault Zone. On the upthrown side of the fault a circulating fresh-water aquifer developed, whereas relatively stagnant brackish water remained present on the down-thrown side. Differences in the chemistry of the interstitial fluids in these zones resulted in different types of diagenesis. The presence of fresh water caused extensive oxidation, solution along fractures, recrystallization of micrite to coarse microspar and pseudospar, precipitation of equant sparry-calcite crystals in a variety of shapes and sizes, and extensive dedolomitization. The dedolomitization is thought to have been caused by the high Ca/Mg ratio of the circulating fresh water in a shallow subsurface environment. In the brackish-water zone, textures and fabrics related to deposition or early diagenesis, such as primary porosity, unoxidized organic material, framboidal pyrite, and evaporite minerals have been preserved. Some precipitation of authigenic dolomite, celestite, and kaolinite occurred in the brackish-water zone. In contrast to the fresh-water zone, precipitation of coarse calcite spar, dedolomitization, and recrystallization of micrite to microspar occurred only rarely in the brackish-water zone.