cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Proterozoic ferroan feldspathic magmatism

Abstract The Proterozoic eon is characterized by an unusual abundance of ferroan feldspathic rocks that range in composition from granite to quartz syenites to feldspathoid-bearing syenites. Three associations of ferroan rocks may be recognized on the basis of major element compositions: (1) metaluminous alkalic to alkali-calcic syenites and granites associated with anorthosites and iron-rich basaltic rocks; (2) alkaline intrusions in continental rifts; and (3) calc-alkalic metaluminous to peraluminous granitoid plutons that are less strongly ferroan than the other two groups. The first two groups form by differentiation of tholeiitic to alkali basaltic parental magmas; the third by partial melting of quartzo-feldspathic crust. Although all three associations may form in intraplate settings, only the alkaline intrusions, which typically contain high incompatible trace element abundances, plot entirely within the “within plate granite” fields on trace element discrimination diagrams. Processes of crustal melting and magma mixing have had a greater effect on the trace element compositions of ferroan granitoids from the other two associations, causing some rocks to plot outside this field. Of these three associations, the granitoids associated with anorthosites are the most voluminous and are essentially restricted to the Proterozoic. Special conditions, perhaps related to the presence of a long-lived supercontinent under which widespread mantle upwelling took place, appear required to explain the abundance of these rocks. Ferroan alkaline rocks, although rarely preserved in Archean crust, are present in Proterozoic and Phanerozoic rifts. The earliest alkaline intrusions thus may mark the establishment of rigid continents capable of rifting. The formation of ferroan calc-alkalic granites does not appear to be time-dependent: these granites have been generated throughout Earth history in response to crustal melting.
Visual search and memory under degraded and masked presentation

Each of four Ss were shown brief flashes of four letters. They were required on some trials to name as many as they could (memory); on others they were told one letter before the flash and asked if the letter had been among the four in the stimulus (search). Both tasks were tested under two conditions: degraded, in which the duration of the stimulus was varied from 10 to 300 msec; and masked, in which the duration was held constant but visual noise followed after a 0 to 140 msec delay. Masking and degrading affected the relative performance in the two tasks identically, although after correction for chance, search accuracy slightly exceeded memory accuracy. To search or to recall brief visual displays apparently involves similar information-processing mechanisms-most likely a serial item-by-item order.
Toward a cancer-specific model of psychological distress: population data from the 2003–2005 National Health Interview Surveys

Population-based estimates of emotional distress in cancer survivors are lacking, and little is known about specific correlates of clinically meaningful distress. Combined 2003–2005 National Health Interview Surveys (NHIS) data were analyzed to evaluate differences in non-somatic distress (measured using the Kessler 6) for those with a history of cancer, those with other chronic health conditions, and healthy adults. The prevalence of clinically meaningful distress was higher in cancer survivors (5.7%) than those with other health conditions (4.3%) or healthy adults (0.7%). In multivariate models, the strongest correlates of serious distress were younger age, lower educational attainment, lack of health insurance coverage, being unmarried, and having pain, fair/poor health status, or other comorbid conditions. While predictors of distress overlapped considerably between those with cancer and other chronic health conditions, having a history of cancer significantly magnified the effects of age, number of children and elders in the household, and access to health insurance on distress. The impact of psychological distress is more severe in those with cancer than those living with other chronic health conditions. Those at greatest risk appear to be those with fewer resources to manage their illness. Identifying and understanding correlates of clinically meaningful distress may improve efforts to prevent, identify, and treat significant distress in cancer survivors.
Can common species provide valuable information for conservation

To demonstrate the importance of genetic data for multispecies conservation approaches, we examined the distribution of genetic variation across the range of the mountain whitefish ( Prosopium williamsoni ) at microsatellite and allozyme loci. The mountain whitefish is a common species that is particularly well suited for accurately revealing historical patterns of genetic structure and differs markedly from previously studied species in habitat requirements and life history characteristics. As such, comparing the population genetic structure of other native fishes to similar data from mountain whitefish could inform management and conservation strategies. Genetic variation for mountain whitefish was hierarchically distributed for both allozymes and microsatellites. We found evidence for a total of five major genetically differentiated assemblages and we observed subdivision among populations within assemblages that generally corresponded to major river basins. We observed little genetic differentiation within major river basins. Geographic patterns of genetic differentiation for mountain whitefish were concordant with other native species in several circumstances, providing information for the designation of conservation units that reflect concordant genetic differentiation of multiple species. Differences in genetic patterns between mountain whitefish and other native fishes reflect either differences in evolutionary histories of the species considered or differences in aspects of their ecology and life history. In addition, mountain whitefish populations appear to exchange genes over a much larger geographic scale than co-occurring salmonids and are likely to be affected differently by disturbances such as habitat fragmentation.
Force-Velocity-Length-Time Relations of the Contractile Elements in Heart Muscle of the Cat

The instantaneous force-velocity-length relations of the contractile elements of the cat papillary muscle have been obtained by determining the phase-plane trajectories of velocity of shortening relative to length during isotonic contractions and correcting these measurements for the series elastic extension during the isometric phase of contraction. The load-extension curve of the series elastic component was obtained by quick release. The velocity-length relations for a given load were independent of initial muscle length and largely independent of the time after stimulation. Velocity-length traces at varying lengths diverged only late in contraction because of a fall in the intensity of the active state. Thus the surface created by the instantaneous force-velocitylength relations serves to define a given contractile state for the contractile element of heart muscle. Further, the linear length-tension relations observed for the contractile element permits an estimation of the maximum development of isometric force with the creation of truly hyperbolic force-velocity curves. Limitations of velocities obtained following quick releases have also been noted.
Detrimental Effects of Highly Efficient Interference Competition: Invasive Argentine Ants Outcompete Native Ants at Toxic Baits

The Argentine ant (Linepithema humile) is an invasive species that disrupts the balance of natural ecosystems by displacing indigenous ant species throughout its introduced range. Previous studies that examined the mechanisms by which Argentine ants attain ecological dominance showed that superior interference and exploitation competition are key to the successful displacement of native ant species. The objective of this research was to test the hypothesis that effective interference competition by Argentine ants may also be detrimental to the survival of Argentine ant colonies where Argentine ants and native ants compete at toxic baits used to slow the spread of Argentine ants. To study this hypothesis, we examined the competitive interactions between Argentine ants and native odorous house ants, Tapinoma sessile, in the presence and absence of toxic baits. Results showed that Argentine ants aggressively outcompete T. sessile from toxic baits through efÞcient interference competition and monopolize bait resources. This has severe negative consequences for the survival of Argentine ants as colonies succumb to the toxic effects of the bait. In turn, T. sessile avoid areas occupied by Argentine ants, give up baits, and consequently suffer minimal mortality. Our results provide experimental evidence that highly efÞcient interference competition may have negative consequences for Argentine ants in areas where toxic baits are used and may provide a basis for designing innovative management programs for Argentine ants. Such programs would have the double beneÞt of selectively eliminating the invasive species while simultaneously protecting native ants from the toxic effects of baits.
A diameter-constrained network reliability model to determine the probability that a communication network meets delay constraints

In this paper we provide a summary of results and applications pertaining a Diameter-constrained Network reliability model. Classical network reliability models measure the probability that there exist end-to-end paths between network nodes, not taking into account the length of these paths. For many applications this is inadequate because the connection will only be established or attain the required quality if the distance between the connecting nodes does not exceed a given value. The Diameter-constrained reliability of a network (DCR) introduced recently considers not only the underlying topology, but also imposes a bound on the diameter, which is the maximum distance between the nodes of the network. We present a synopsis of the known results and applications of the DCR for networks that can either be modeled by directed as well as undirected graphs. Moreover important combinatorial and computational properties of this reliability measure are discussed. As the DCR subsumes the classical reliability measure (i.e., where no distance constraints are imposed on the paths connecting the nodes), as a by-product we prove well-known classical results.
Fluidic self-assembly of micromirrors onto microactuators using capillary forces

The authors discuss the application of self-assembly techniques for positioning microscopic components onto a substrate in a desired configuration. The basis is a fluidic self-assembly technique in which capillary forces assemble microparts with submicrometer alignment precision. A heat-curable acrylate-based adhesive is used to provide the capillary forces for assembly and is then polymerized in a bath of water at 80/spl deg/C for 16 h with continuous nitrogen bubbling. The application we describe is self-assembly of flat silicon micromirrors; onto surface-micromachined actuators for use in an adaptive-optics mirror array. Photolithography defines shapes of hydrophobic self-assembled monolayers for self-assembly. Mirrors with fill factors up to 95% were assembled. Mirrors 464 /spl mu/m in diameter and assembled onto actuators remain flat to within 6 nm rms. This mirror quality would be difficult to attain without the process decoupling afforded by microassembly. The general self-assembly approach described here can be applied to parts ranging in size from the nanometer to the millimeter scale and to a variety of part and substrate materials.
In Vitro Penetration of Egg Yolks by Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Heidelberg Strains During Thirty-Six-Hour Ambient Temperature Storage

ABSTRACT Although Salmonella deposition inside yolks is uncommon in naturally contaminated eggs, migration through the vitelline membrane into the nutrient-rich yolk contents could enable rapid bacterial multiplication. Egg refrigeration restricts both penetration and growth, but a recently proposed national Salmonella Enteritidis control program would allow unrefrigerated ambient temperature storage of eggs on farms for up to 36 h. The present study used an in vitro egg contamination model to assess the ability of small numbers of 4 Salmonella Enteritidis strains and 4 Salmonella Heidelberg strains to penetrate the vitelline membrane and multiply inside yolks during 36 h of storage at either 20 or 30°C. After inoculation onto the exterior surface of the vitelline membrane, all 8 Salmonella strains penetrated to the yolk contents (at a mean frequency of 45.1%), and most strains grew to significantly higher levels (with a mean log 10 bacterial concentration of 2.2 cfu/mL) during incubation at 30°C. Significant differences in penetration frequency and yolk multiplication were observed between individual strains and between serotypes (Salmonella Enteritidis > Salmonella Heidelberg for both parameters). Penetration and multiplication were significantly less frequent during incubation at 20°C. These results demonstrate that controlling ambient temperatures during prerefrigeration storage may be an important adjunct to prompt refrigeration for limiting Salmonella growth in eggs and thereby for preventing egg-transmitted human illness.
Learning by seeing: photo viewing in the workplace

In this paper, we focus on the role that photo viewing plays within a large distributed enterprise. We describe the results of an analysis of users' viewing behavior through log activity and semi-structured interviews with respect to a photo sharing application embedded within an internal social networking site. Specifically, we investigate how these forms of expression can assist in the transmission of the norms and values associated with the culture of the organization through impression formation. We conclude by discussing how photos might act as a resource for newcomers to learn about the various aspects of the organizational culture and offer design suggestions for photo viewing systems within organizations.
The Eleutherodactylus orcesi species group (Anura: Leptodactylidae): Comparative osteology and comments on its monophyly

Abstract The anuran genus Eleutherodactylus occurs in Central and South America, as well as the West Indies, and comprises nearly 700 recognized species. The diversity of Eleutherodactylus makes it difficult to study the genus as a whole; as a consequence, several authors have divided the genus in phenetic species groups. This division is based on similarity and is not necessarily congruent with monophyletic groups within the genus. Nevertheless, species groups can be considered as hypotheses of natural (monophyletic) groups. I focus on the E. orcesi Group, which contains eight species distributed in the paramo and montane forests (3000–4150 m) of Colombia and Ecuador. The main objectives in the present study are to: (1) describe the osteology and osteological variation of the species within the E. orcesi Group, (2) diagnose the group based on osteological characters, and (3) search for homologies that might support the monophyly of the group. Osteological descriptions for the eight species were made from...
Rapid resolution of cardiac rhabdomyomas following everolimus therapy

Cardiac rhabdomyoma is the most common primary cardiac tumour during childhood and is usually associated with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC). These tumours are generally considered benign, and spontaneous regression occurs commonly. However, when the tumours cause significant symptoms, the current standard treatment is surgical resection. Everolimus is an mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex 1 inhibitor that has been successfully used to treat subependymal giant cell astrocytomas and renal angiomyolipomas associated with TSC. A few case reports have described the effectiveness of everolimus therapy in treating cardiac rhabdomyomas as well. We report a case of a newborn who had near complete resolution of multiple rhabdomyomas within a month of receiving everolimus therapy for non-cardiac masses. To the best of our knowledge, this is the fastest resolution of cardiac rhabdomyomas associated with everolimus therapy to date. Everolimus may be a promising alternative for high-risk surgical candidates with haemodynamically significant cardiac rhabdomyomas.
Reificação, representação e instanciação: Georg Lukács contra seus intérpretes

De acordo com Historia e Consciencia de Classe de Georg Lukacs, o pensamento e a existencia sao “aspectos reais de um mesmo processo historico e dialetico”. A simultaneidade do pensamento e da existencia e obscurecido pela reificacao, entendida por Lukacs como a logica das relacoes capitalistas. Meu argumento e que as implicacoes de sua grande inovacao conceitual para se compreender as relacoes entre o capitalismo e a representacao tem sido eclipsados por comentarios recentes sobre o conceito de reificacao. Ao me aproximar criticamente dos comentarios recentes ( por Axel Honneth e Kevin Floyd), os quais tendem a ver a reificacao enquanto um modo de representacao e nao uma logica, argumento por um retorno e clarificacao do conceito de reificacao de Lukacs como melhor meio de se orientar na logica contemporânea da racionalidade capitalista.
RhoA inactivation enhances endothelial barrier function

The modulation of endothelial barrier function is thought to be a function of contractile tension mediated by the cell cytoskeleton, which consists of actomyosin stress fibers (SF) linked to focal ...
A Thoracotomy Approach for the Surgical Repair of a Left Ventricular Free Wall Rupture

In the current era of rapid culprit vessel revascularization in acute myocardial infarction, ventricular free wall rupture is becoming increasingly uncommon. In rare cases adherent pericardium may contain this rupture, creating a temporary stable pseudoaneurysm. With the aid of intraoperative pictures, we describe herein a left thoracotomy approach for the surgical correction of a left ventricular pseudoaneurysm secondary to free wall rupture.
Local TV, Localism, and Service Agreements

The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) uses three principles to regulate the broadcast industry in the United States: competition, diversity, and localism. The least studied of which is localism. As the management and ownership of local TV stations becomes more consolidated, the author examines what effect, if any, that consolidation has on the presentation of local content on television newscasts.
Prediction of Accurate Thermochemistry of Medium and Large Sized Radicals Using Connectivity-Based Hierarchy (CBH).

Accurate modeling of the chemical reactions in many diverse areas such as combustion, photochemistry, or atmospheric chemistry strongly depends on the availability of thermochemical information of the radicals involved. However, accurate thermochemical investigations of radical systems using state of the art composite methods have mostly been restricted to the study of hydrocarbon radicals of modest size. In an alternative approach, systematic error-canceling thermochemical hierarchy of reaction schemes can be applied to yield accurate results for such systems. In this work, we have extended our connectivity-based hierarchy (CBH) method to the investigation of radical systems. We have calibrated our method using a test set of 30 medium sized radicals to evaluate their heats of formation. The CBH-rad30 test set contains radicals containing diverse functional groups as well as cyclic systems. We demonstrate that the sophisticated error-canceling isoatomic scheme (CBH-2) with modest levels of theory is adequ...
The exponential development of penicillin resistance by neisseria.

It is believed that some evidence can be submitted that the development of penicillin resistance by neisseria is explicable on the basis of Hinshelwood's1 theory of development of resistance by the expansion of bacterial enzymes. In the case of neisseria the theory is advanced that there is indicated the expansion of a single enzyme or system, or of a substance, for example capsular, produced by such an enzyme. This evidence is based on the observed exponential development of resistance plotted against transfers and represents only one of the possible explanations.
The Differences of Standard Proof in the Civil Proceedingsin Common Law and Civil Law and Their Reasons

For the improvement of standard proof in the civil proceedings, we need to study the related law in common law and civil law.The criterion in the common law is preponderance of probability, but it is highly probable in the civil law, at the same time they have respective exception.The reasons that result in these differences primarily consist in the history traditions and the theories.
Research on Technical Efficiency and Growth of TFP of Small and Medium Industrial Enterprises

Based on a firm-level panel data of small and medium industrial enterprises(SMIEs) sector in Guangdong,China from 2003 to 2007,this paper employs the translog stochastic frontier production function to estimate the technical efficiency and the total factor productivity(TFP) of SMIEs.The results show that the technical efficiency of Guangdong' SMIEs is on the low side,with a rising trend during 2003~2007.Comparing to labor-intensive industries,the technical efficiency of capital-intensive industries is higher,with a slower growth rate.The annual growth of TFP in Guangdong' SMIEs sector is as high as 7.42%.The improvement of technical efficiency and technical progress are two main sources of TFP growth,but the scale component slows the growth of TFP.
Wilhelm von Tyrus

1146 Studium der Kunste und Theologie in Paris und Orleans sowie der Rechte in Bologna; 1165 Kanoniker in Akkon; 1167 Archidiakon in Tyrus; 1174 Kanzler des Konigreichs Jerusalem; 1175 Erzbischof von Tyrus; ferner Prinzenerzieher, Diplomat und Geschichtsschreiber.
The Bright Line’s Dark Zone: Pre-Charge Attachment of the 6th Amendment Right to Counsel

In this Article, Prof. Mulroy discusses an unsettled issue which arises with some frequency in the federal courts: whether the Sixth Amendment right to counsel can ever apply prior to the filing of a formal charge by a prosecutor. There are a number of situations - most notably, pre-indictment plea negotiations involving the prosecutor - where a defendant most decidedly needs the assistance of counsel, even before formal charges are filed. Language in Supreme Court cases has suggested that the right does not attach until a prosecutor files a charge in court, or the defendant appears before a magistrate. Some lower courts have relied on this language to fashion a “bright-line rule” preventing Sixth Amendment protection prior to formal charges being filed. But these Supreme Court cases were decided prior to recent rulings by the Court that a Sixth Amendment ineffective assistance of counsel claim could cover plea negotiations. The circuit courts are split on this issue, with some accepting and some rejecting the notion of a bright-line rule. This Article argues that a careful examination of the relevant Supreme Court opinions, the text of the Sixth Amendment, and the underlying purpose of the Amendment’s right to counsel all argue for a more flexible approach. It also analogizes from case law interpreting Model Rule 4.2 of the Rules of Professional Conduct, the so-called “no contact” rule. It proposes a new rule: in addition to being triggered by a formal charge or appearance before a judge, the Sixth Amendment right to counsel also applies where a prosecutor has had contact with a defendant about the substance of the case (other than as a witness), either directly or through counsel. Among other instances, this rule would apply to pre-charge negotiations about a plea deal or grant of immunity; to communications concerning the defendant’s grand jury testimony; and to custodial interrogation where the prosecutor was personally involved.
Minimizing total communication distance of a time-step optimal broadcast in mesh networks

In this paper, we propose a new minimum total communication distance (TCD) algorithm and an optimal TCD algorithm for broadcast in a 2-dimension mesh. The former generates a minimum TCD from a given source node, and the latter guarantees a minimum TCD among all the possible source nodes. These algorithms can be generalized to a d-dimensional mesh or torus. TCD can potentially be used as a measurement for other types of collective communication operations.
Stress Characterization for Stress-Induced Voiding in Cu/Low K Interconnects with Geometry and Upper Cap Layer Dependences

We have conducted stress-induced voiding (SIV) experiments on Cu/low-k interconnect with different geometries of via structures and upper metal cap layers to evaluate their reliability impact. We showed the cap layer of upper metal had strong effect on the SIV performance. The degrees of such SIV degradations varied with different via structure geometries. A 3D Finite Element Analysis (FEA) is applied to simulate the stress fields inside these different via test structures with different upper cap layers. Different stress fields and gradient were found inside these different via schemes. We explained the different SIV performance of these via schemes with the stress results. TEM failure analysis was performed to locate the void location and to confirm the FEA stress results.
All-semiconductor nanolasers on silicon

We realize room-temperature operation of nanolasers using helically-propagating modes supported by InGaAs nanopillars grown on silicon. These cavity modes provide strong optical confinement and feedback despite low index contrast between the nanopillar and silicon substrate.
Vertical profile optimization of very high frequency epitaxial Si- and SiGe-base bipolar transistors

Bipolar transistors with phosphorus-doped emitters and sub-50 nm epitaxial bases have been fabricated in a low thermal-cycle process to explore the trade-offs between cutoff frequency, breakdown voltage and Early voltage. Record peak f/sub T/s of 73 GHz for a Si BJT and 113 GHz for a SiGe HBT with respective /spl beta/V/sub A/ products of 630 and 48,400 V were obtained for intrinsic base sheet resistances of 26 and 7 k/spl Omega/spl square/. >
A Semantic Profile of Early Sanskrit “ buddhi ”

The word buddhi is an important term of Indian philosophical discourse, but some aspects of its use have caused confusion and continue to occasion difficulties. This paper undertakes a survey of the usage of the word buddhi (“intellect”) in general Sanskrit literature from its earliest late Vedic occurrences up to the middle of the first millennium CE. Signifying fundamentally “awareness (of something),” the word “buddhi” is shown to refer often to a being’s persisting capacity or faculty of awareness (“attentiveness, mind, intelligence,” etc.) and also, often, to the content of a being’s awareness (“idea, notion, thought, disposition, resolution,” etc.). There are also instances where it is hard to determine which of these two kinds of reference are intended in our written sources, and there are other instances where both senses seem present simultaneously. Various examples attest to the use of the word to refer to an affective and volitional capacity in a being—and to affective and volitional content—as well as to a cognitive faculty and cognitive content. One feature that occurs frequently in the word’s use is that this faculty and, or, its content, regularly describe alterations of a subject’s knowledge of the surrounding situation, the transformation of surrounding complexity or multiplicity into a simpler and more manageable mental construct—an understanding, an interpretation, a decision, a plan, etc. As the word buddhi is related to the primary Sanskrit word-family used to describe the concrete experience of awakening—moving from no (or little, or muddled) awareness to clear awareness—it is not surprising that its more abstract usage would often incorporate a similar dynamic, a transition from less clear to more clear knowledge, a rendering of early knowledge to better and more useful knowledge, in short, a faculty of “intellect” that produces refined decisions, resolutions, and determinations. It is suggested that this element of its semantic profile contributed to the word’s eventually becoming the preferred word for the most important of the mental functions of beings in one of the most widespread philosophical psychologies of ancient India, that which ultimately became formally enshrined in the philosophical system “Sāṃkhya.”
Treatment of Dissecting Distal Vertebral Artery (V4) Aneurysms With Flow Diverters.

Background Dissecting aneurysms of the intracranial vertebral arteries are rare; however, treatment of these presents multiple challenges, including high risk of rebleeding, development of thromboembolic strokes, and progressive partial thrombosis. Flow diverters, such as Pipeline Endovascular Devices (PEDs; Covidien, Medtronic Inc, Dublin, Ireland), have emerged as a potential treatment option. Objective To present our experience with patients treated at our institution with PEDs for dissecting distal vertebral artery (V4 segment) aneurysms. Methods A retrospective search of our prospectively maintained database was performed between January 2014 and December 2016. We queried our database for all patients treated with PED for dissecting aneurysms of the V4 segment. Information was gathered including demographics, the location and morphology of the aneurysm, the clinical presentation, specific form of treatment, complications, antiplatelet medication regimen, and follow-up time. Results There were a total of 9 patients with dissecting V4 aneurysms treated with PED during the study period. All were treated initially with an average of 1.2 PEDs. All patients were followed with at least one repeat diagnostic angiogram and there was no residual aneurysm seen in 8 of 9 cases. In those that presented with neurological deficits, there was an average improvement in modified Rankin Scale of 2.85 points. Conclusion PED is a safe and effective tool that can be used to treat ruptured dissecting aneurysms of this specific segment of the posterior circulation, but it does require close management of antiplatelet therapy in the setting of subarachnoid hemorrhage and close angiographic follow-up.
Neural Adaptive Video Streaming with Pensieve

Client-side video players employ adaptive bitrate (ABR) algorithms to optimize user quality of experience (QoE). Despite the abundance of recently proposed schemes, state-of-the-art ABR algorithms suffer from a key limitation: they use fixed control rules based on simplified or inaccurate models of the deployment environment. As a result, existing schemes inevitably fail to achieve optimal performance across a broad set of network conditions and QoE objectives.We propose Pensieve, a system that generates ABR algorithms using reinforcement learning (RL). Pensieve trains a neural network model that selects bitrates for future video chunks based on observations collected by client video players. Pensieve does not rely on pre-programmed models or assumptions about the environment. Instead, it learns to make ABR decisions solely through observations of the resulting performance of past decisions. As a result, Pensieve automatically learns ABR algorithms that adapt to a wide range of environments and QoE metrics. We compare Pensieve to state-of-the-art ABR algorithms using trace-driven and real world experiments spanning a wide variety of network conditions, QoE metrics, and video properties. In all considered scenarios, Pensieve outperforms the best state-of-the-art scheme, with improvements in average QoE of 12%--25%. Pensieve also generalizes well, outperforming existing schemes even on networks for which it was not explicitly trained.
Histopathologic features of cutaneous leishmaniasis and use of CD1a staining for amastigotes in Old World and New World leishmaniasis.

Background Positive CD1a staining of Leishmania has been reported in Old World leishmaniasis, but the sensitivity of such staining for other Leishmania species is unknown. Methods A retrospective review was done on skin biopsies of proven cutaneous leishmaniasis based on histology, immunohistochemistry, culture and/or polymerase chain reaction (PCR). We assessed the pattern of inflammation present and assessed for CD1a (MTB1 clone) positivity in amastigotes. Patients without a clearly documented travel history to delineate Old vs New World leishmaniasis and cases without tissue for CD1a staining were excluded. Results Various patterns of granulomatous inflammation were observed including sarcoidal (31%), diffuse (25%), suppurative and granulomatous (25%), palisaded (13%) and lichenoid (6%). CD1a staining was positive in amastigotes in 9 of 16 cases (56%). Five of 7 (71%) cases of Old World disease were CD1a positive, while 4 of 9 cases (44%) of New World cases were positive. Conclusions Multiple patterns of granulomatous inflammation occur in cutaneous leishmaniasis. Our results confirm CD1a (MTB1 clone) can be a diagnostic adjunct to highlight amastigotes in biopsies of cutaneous leishmaniasis, with variable positivity in both Old World and New World forms of the disease. As 44% of cases were CD1a negative in our cohort, there are significant limitations to this screening approach.
Closed-loop characterization of cesium magnetometers operating at ambient temperature

Closed-loop characterizations of optically-pumped Cs vapor-based magnetometers operating at ambient temperature are presented. The optical power is shown to play a critical role in defining the magnetic field sensitivity due to its effect on signal-to-noise ratio and dephasing lifetime. A closed-loop characterization reveals additional factors such as the uniformity of the magnetic field and oscillator noise that influence the performance of a practical magnetometer, which do not arise in an open-loop characterization.
The complexity of optimal planning and a more efficient method for finding solutions

We present a faster method of solving optimal planning problems and show that our solution performs up to an order of magnitude faster than Satplan on a variety of problems from the IPC-5 benchmarks. Satplan makes several calls to a SAT solver, discarding learned information with each call. Our planner uses a single call to a SAT solver, eliminating this problem. We explain our technique by describing a new theoretical framework which allows us to prove that a single call to a SAT solver is sufficient to solve every problem in Δ2. (This does not imply that NP is equal to Δ2; only that SAT solvers' capabilities are greater than previously realized.) We also prove that optimal planning is FΘ2 Complete when the plan length is bounded by a polynomial; optimal planning is thus harder than SAT even in the presence of such a bound. Despite the relative complexities, the Δ2 capability of DPLL and the fact that Θ2 ⊆ Δ2 show that a single satisfiability call can solve optimal planning problems in the presence of a polynomial bound on plan length.
Behavioral Compliance and Psychological Change

Underlying the social influence model discussed in the previous chapter is the assumption that, if people can be persuaded to change their beliefs or attitudes, changes in dysfunctional behavior should occur. Thus, the focus of the influence model is on factors that make the client more receptive to the counselor’s interpretations, suggestions, and teachings.
Alephs, Cofinality, and the Axiom of Choice

This chapter concludes our development of cardinals and ordinals. We introduce the first uncountable ordinal, the alephs and their arithmetic, Hartogs’ construction, Zermelo’s well-ordering theorem, the comparability theorem for cardinals, cofinality and regular, singular, and inaccessible cardinals, and the Continuum Hypothesis.
Reduction of Nitro and Nitroso Compounds

Nitro compounds are versatile synthetic intermediates which have found widespread utility in industrial applications. Aromatic nitro compounds are the usual starting materials for commercial applications, but aliphatic compounds exhibit a greater diversity of chemical behavior under reducing conditions.1–4 Nitroso compounds, hydroxylamines, oximes, amines, nitrones, ketones and silyl nitronates are frequently encountered during the reduction of nitro compounds. Several specialized reviews have appeared which highlight the versatility of the nitro group in organic chemistry.1–8
Ecological correlates and phylogenetic signal of host use in North American unionid mussels.

Abstract Mussels in the order Unionoida comprise ∼75% of the world’s freshwater bivalve species and are free-living apart from a brief larval stage that parasitizes fish. We investigated the relationships among species of North American unionid mussels and their known host fishes from a macroevolutionary perspective to test whether and how ecological and evolutionary factors correlate with patterns of host use. A subset of 69 mussel species was chosen based on data availability regarding their fish host repertoires, phylogenetic relationships, and ecology. Despite the brevity of their parasitic life stages, the mussels conformed to the right-skewed distribution of host specificity typical of parasitic taxa, in which most species are specialists and a few are generalists. Phylogenetic least squares regression models identified affinity for low-gradient and riffle habitats, and colonization of post-glacial watersheds as the best predictors for the number of fish host species per mussel. However, the second-best model identified citation number as a predictor of the number of hosts, implying that many mussel–host interactions still remain to be identified. A Multiple Regression Mantel test was performed to identify factors associated with the proportion of hosts shared between pairs of mussel species. Range overlap, citations, genetic distance, and similarity in host infection strategy were significantly correlated with the proportion of hosts shared, yet total variation as explained by the best model was low (R2 = 0.14). There was evidence of a topological association between mussels and their hosts (P = 0.001) and a significant phylogenetic signal of host specificity (λ = 0.81, P = 0.003), indicating closely related mussels that overlap in range are more likely to be competing for hosts. Our results provide an initial macroevolutionary framework for studying the evolution of host infection strategies in these mussels but also highlights gaps still remaining in our fundamental ecological knowledge of this endangered clade.
Productive Offshoring: Evidence from Spain

Fragmentation of production and sourcing of intermediates from across the globe, popularly referred to as offshoring, is typically associated with lost jobs and displaced workers. Often ignored however, is a dimension of productivity-enhancing, within-firm reorganization spurred by offshoring. This paper provides novel evidence that such reorganization can take place in the form of increased innovation expenditure and change in firm level employment composition in favor of high-skilled workers. Using firm level microdata from the manufacturing sector in Spain, we construct a plausibly exogenous measure of offshoring and show that, following the financial crisis of 2008, offshoring has a positive effect on R&D expenditures and high-skilled employment in Spain. These findings are consistent with a heterogeneous firms model where reduction in trade costs augments the productivity of offshoring firms through the intensive margin of technology investments.
Variation in Implant Selection for Ankle Fractures: Identifying Cost Drivers

Background:Implant selection is the first opportunity for surgeons to control costs of fracture fixation. The current literature has demonstrated surgeons' poor understanding of implant costs. Our study evaluated implant cost variability for surgically treated ankle fractures and distal tibia fractu
Characterizing MOOC Pedagogies: Exploring Tools and Methods for Learning Designers and Researchers.

We explore new tools and methods for learning designers and researchers to characterize pedagogical approaches that are applied to the design of MOOCs. This paper makes three main contributions to literature on MOOC design and evaluation: (1) an Expanded Assessing MOOC Pedagogies instrument for use by learning designers and researchers within their own contexts, (2) a demonstration of how nearest neighbor cluster analysis can be used to identify pedagogically similar MOOCs, and (3) a preliminary analysis of the clusters to account for features and factors that contribute to pedagogical similarity of MOOCs within clusters. This work advances research in the development of MOOC typologies, to allow learning designers and researchers to ask nuanced questions about pedagogical aspects of MOOC design.
Assessment of Fabric Masks as Alternatives to Standard Surgical Masks in Terms of Particle Filtration Efficiency

Abstract In response to the critical shortage of medical masks resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic, large portions of the population are mobilizing to produce cloth masks using locally-sourced fabrics, however the efficacy of these masks as a means of protecting the wearer from airborne particles carrying virus is not well known. Further, existing protocols are designed for testing the fit and performance N95 respirators and tight-fitting facemasks rather than the relatively more loose-fitting surgical mask style most cloth masks follow. In this study tools and methods typically used to assess tight-fitting facemasks were modified to assess the efficacy of community-produced fabric and commercially-produced surgical masks in terms of protecting the wearer from airborne particles that may be carrying virus. Two TSI PortaCount (model 8028) instruments were operated concurrently to collect particle counts (particles/cm3) in size range 0.02 to >1 µm from ambient air and air just inside the breathing zone of the mask (1 measurement per second, evaluation period of 1 minute per test). Percent particle removal was determined for ten home-made, fabric masks of different designs, with and without filter layers, as well as three commercially-produced surgical-type masks. N95 masks were used to validate the method, and a 3M model 1826 surgical mask was used as a baseline for comparison of other masks of this style. Home-made masks worn as designed always had lower particle removal rates than the 3M masks, achieving between 38% and 96% of this baseline. As has been previously observed by Cooper et al. (1983), adding a layer of nylon stocking over the masks minimized the flow of air around the edges of the masks and improved particle filtration efficiency for all masks, including all commercial products tested. Use of a nylon stocking overlayer brought the particle filtration efficiency for five of the ten fabric masks above the 3M surgical mask baseline. This rapid testing method (
Artificial Neural Network based Controller for Energy Management in a Solar Home in Algeria

This work presents an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) Algorithm using for Energy Management devoted to fulfill the energy demand of an on grid PV home with a backup located in Bou-Ismail (Algeria). To satisfy energy needs of the house, the energy management strategy used relies mainly on a local PV production. The efficiency of the proposed algorithm has been evaluated for a favorable week in July 2018 and an unfavorable week in January 2018 basing on the weather conditions of the Bou- Ismail location. The results show that the proposed ANN algorithm can reduce the energy consumption of the home without affecting customer comforts.
Delineating Pathways to Death by Multisystem Organ Failure in Patients With a Left Ventricular Assist Device.

Background This study delineates the sequences of adverse events (AEs) preceding mortality attributed to multisystem organ failure (MSOF) in patients with a left ventricular assist device (LVAD). Methods We analyzed 3765 AEs after 536 LVAD implants recorded in The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Intermacs data registry between 2006 and 2015 that resulted in MSOF death. Hierarchical clustering identified and visualized quantitatively unique clusters of patients with similar AE profiles. Markov modeling was used to illustrate the AE sequences that led to MSOF death within the clusters. Cox proportional hazard models determined the risk-adjusted, preimplant predictors of MSOF. Results We identified 2 distinct MSOF clusters based on their proportion of AE types and survival time. The early-death cluster (418 patients, 2304 AEs) had a median survival of 1 month (interquartile range, 3-6 months), whereas the late-death cluster (118 patients, 1,461 AEs) had a median survival of 11 months (interquartile range, 6-22 months). The predominant AE sequences in the early-death and late-death clusters were renal failure, to respiratory failure, to death (62%) and bleeding, to infection, to respiratory failure, to death (45%), respectively. Significant risk-adjusted preimplant predictors of MSOF included line sepsis (hazard ratio [HR] 3.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1-8.2), extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (HR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.2-3.9), and dialysis or ultrafiltration (HR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.5-3.0). Conclusions This analysis identified 2 AE clusters and the predominant sequences that result in MSOF-associated mortality. MSOF develops in 1 cluster of patients after chronic bleeding and repeated infections but has prolonged survival, while another group dies early after renal and respiratory complications.
Exploring Fetal Sex as a Risk Factor for Sleep Disordered Breathing and Its Complications in Pregnancy

Sleep disordered breathing (SDB) is a common, yet under-recognized and undertreated condition in pregnancy. Sleep disordered breathing is associated with pregnancy complications including preeclamp...
Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Strengthening of Steel Beams under Static and Fatigue Loadings

AbstractIn this paper, nonlinear finite element analysis (FEA) was used to investigate the behavior of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) retrofitted steel beams subjected to static and fatigue loading...
Quantitative Structure–Activity Relationship Machine Learning Models and their Applications for Identifying Viral 3CLpro- and RdRp-Targeting Compounds as Potential Therapeutics for COVID-19 and Related Viral Infections

In response to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, there is a worldwide effort being made to identify potential anti-SARS-CoV-2 therapeutics. Here, we contribute to these efforts by building machine-lea...
Fuzzy modeling approach for transient vapor compression and expansion cycle simulation

Abstract Previous mode switching algorithms for heat exchanger moving boundary models in the literature are composed of a set of IF-THEN rules. These representations could lead to numerical challenges due to the inherited discontinuities associated with IF-THEN rules. This paper presents an alternative mode switching methodology which results in a continuous moving boundary heat exchanger model over all possible mode changes. Numerical performance of the proposed method for a heat exchanger has been tested using simulations and sample results are compared with a moving boundary model with switching based on IF-THEN rules and also a finite-volume method. The proposed switching algorithm was implemented within a complete vapor compression cycle model and results were compared with experimental data for a start-up transient.
Introduction to Implementation

This brief chapter introduces the third section of the book Socially Engaged Art History and Beyond: Alternative Approaches to the Theory and Practice of Art History, which is composed of eight case studies that describe a range of instances of socially engaged art history.