cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A semi-analytic meshfree method for Almansi–Michell problems of piezoelectric cylinders

Abstract Saint-Venant’s Problem, Almansi–Michell Problems, Meshfree Methods, Piezoelectricity. We present a semi-analytical method for analyzing prismatic nonhomogeneous piezoelectric cylinders with arbitrary cross-sectional geometry. The prescribed loads considered in this study include axial forces, torques, moments, and voltage resultants prescribed at the cylinder’s ends, as well as body forces, lateral surface shears, voltages, and pressures as long as they can be represented by a power series in the axial coordinate. This problem can be considered as an extension of Saint-Venant and Almansi–Michell problems for elastic bodies to piezoelectric bodies. In this computationally efficient method, the cross-sectional plane is discretized with a meshfree approach, and the solution is obtained analytically with respect to the axial coordinate. A number of examples are provided to demonstrate the veracity and utility of the proposed method.
The effect of detergents on the basicity of nitrotyrosine in proteins.

The effects of sodium dodecylsulfate, Triton X-100 and hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide, an anionic, neutral, and cationic detergent, respectively on the pKa of nitrotyrosine in bovine serum albumin and hemerythrin have been studied in the denatured state where a possible concomitant conformational change is less likely to contribute to the observed changes in basicity. Triton X-100 had no effect on the pKa. Sodium dodecylsulfate increased the pKa by 1 unit and hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide decreased the pKa by 0.4 and 0.7 units in hemerythrin and bovine serum albumin, respectively. The observed detergent-related shifts in absorbance of the nitrotyrosine chromophore saturated near the critical micellar concentration for sodium dodecylsulfate and at 14-fold greater than the critical micellar concentration for hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide. Sodium dodecylsulfate causes a decrease of 250 1 · mole−1 · cm−1 in the extinction and a 12-nm red shift in the nitrotyrosine absorption in bovine serum albumin. The results indicate that analysis of nitrotyrosine in proteins in the presence of sodium dodecylsulfate can be underestimated if the pH is below 10.5.
Integrating systems engineering practice with health-care delivery

Health-care delivery is a complex and fragmented system with work-around culture. Improving health-care delivery requires innovating system interventions that redesign processes for consistent implementation of evidence-based practices (EBPs). Systems engineering is an approach that involves anticipating ineffective processes that jeopardize quality, and designing interventions to overcome such shortcomings. This approach is based on systems teaching about reflexivity, which when addressed can support consistent EBP and assesses how the newly designed system meets this consistency. Integrating a systems engineering approach to implementing EBP may effectively address complex issues such as hospital-acquired pressure ulcer prevention, which has an EBP protocol that is not consistently implemented without system redesign. Engineering approaches and methods including Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA), Situation-Background-Assessment-Recommendations (SBAR), stochastic modeling, House of Quality, and statistical process control charts with lean six sigma provide a structured approach to identifying points of successful implementation for EBPs that can subvert work-around culture. This perspective piece reviews successful approaches of systems engineering to solve the problem of clinical work-arounds and puts forward the case for its wider application to health-care delivery systems that could benefit from standardized EBPs.
Blood Cultures, Blood Counts and Temperature Records in an Experimentally Produced “Air Sac Disease” and Uncomplicated Escherichia coli Infection of Chickens

Abstract CERTAIN serotypes of Escherichia coli are capable of invading the respiratory system with subsequent invasion of the blood and pericardial sacs. The presence of certain respiratory disease agents in chickens make it possible to establish infection through aerosol exposure to E. coli, while the establishment of infection in birds that are free of these agents requires the inoculation of the organism directly into the air sac. The most important respiratory disease agents are the pathogenic Mycoplasma which are also called pleuropneumonia-like organisms (PPLO), infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) and Newcastle disease virus (NDV). MATERIALS AND METHODS The chickens used in these experiments were White Leghorns from PPLO free unvaccinated parents belonging to the Veterinary Science Department. They were raised in isolation rooms and were placed in modified Horsfall-Bauer units (Sieburth et al., 1961) 2 days before inoculation. The total leucocyte counts were made according to the method of Natt and Herrick …
Temperature-Dependent Physiology of Poa secunda , a Cool Season Grass Native to the Great Basin, United States

Poa secunda Presl. is one of the few native perennial bunchgrasses in the Intermountain West to persist and co-occur with the invasive annual Bromus tectorum L. following widespread overgrazing and frequent wildfires. To identify potential mechanisms responsible for the co-occurrence of P. secunda with B. tectorum, respiration rates (\(R_{\operatorname{CO} _2 }\)) of eight populations were measured at 10, 20, and 30°C on laboratory-grown plants by infrared gas analysis. In addition, \(R_{\operatorname{CO} _2 }\) and metabolic heat rates (q) of nine field-grown populations were measured at 10 and 20°C using calorimetry on eight dates over a growing season to compare temperature-dependent physiology of P. secunda with previous published patterns for B. tectorum. Laboratory respiration rates of P. secunda populations suggest considerable intraspecific variation in physiological response to temperature. Changes in slope for \(R_{\operatorname{CO} _2 }\) and q over the growing season were steeper at 20 than at 10°C , suggesting that P. secunda populations are more capable of maintaining steady rates of metabolism at low than at high temperatures. However, growth rates of P. secunda were relatively lower than those for B. tectorum at 10°C. Calculations of growth rates and efficiency of converting substrate carbon into biomass of P. secunda consistently remained positive, while those for B. tectorum rapidly declined at temperatures above 10°C. These data suggest that P. secunda co-occurrence with B. tectorum over a broad range of plant communities in the Intermountain West may be partially explained by having a similar ability to maintain positive and stable growth rate at low temperature. In addition, the greater ability of P. secunda to maintain growth rates and metabolic efficiency at higher temperatures than B. tectorum may allow this perennial grass to compensate for the greater relative growth rates of B. tectorum at low temperature.
The expression of EP3-6 and inducible nitric oxide synthase messenger RNA are correlated in pregnant and misoprostol-treated but not in nongravid or menopausal myometrium.

Abstract Objective: Our purpose was to investigate the expression level of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in nongravid and gravid human myometrium and assess its relation to the expression of EP3 prostaglandin receptor isoforms. Study Design: Myometrial tissue from a cohort of gravid, nongravid, and menopausal subjects and from nongravid subjects exposed to misoprostol was obtained and analyzed for iNOS messenger RNA (mRNA) expression and compared with previously determined mRNA levels for the EP3-6 prostaglandin receptor from the same samples by means of semiquantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results: Significantly higher levels of iNOS mRNA expression were found in the gravid compared with premenopausal nongravid ( P P P r = 0.815). Among individual groups, a significant linear correlation was found only in pregnant (n = 10, P r = 0.785) and misoprostol-exposed (n = 7, P =.0256, r = 0.815) subjects. No correlation between iNOS and EP3-6 mRNA levels was noted in the nongravid premenopausal groups (n = 10, P =.205, r = 0.350), although a nonsignificant trend was found for the menopausal group (n = 10, P =.0535, r = 0.624). When the data from pregnant patients were stratified, both laboring and nonlaboring women displayed the observed correlation (n = 6, P r = 0.993; and n=13, P =.008, r = 0.697, respectively). Conclusion: iNOS and EP3-6 expression are strongly correlated in gravid and misoprostol-treated, nongravid myometrium. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 2002;186:1202-6.)
The kinetics of silica reduction in hydrogen

Abstract The kinetics of the reduction of SiO2 in hydrogen have been examined using a thermalgravimetric method. The mechanism of the reaction SiO2 + H2 = SiO + H2O can be described on the basis of a reaction interface moving at a constant velocity toward the center of the reacting sample. The velocity of the moving interface depends on the reaction temperature and water vapor content of the ambient gas. The reaction was studied in the temperature range 1115–1630°C and was found to be isokinetic in this range. The activation energy for the reaction is 85 kcal/mole in pure, dry hydrogen and 135 kcal/mole in hydrogen with a dew point of 24°C.
Photochemical fate of solvent constituents of Corexit oil dispersants

Abstract In 2010, an estimated 1.87 million gallons (7079 cubic meters) of chemical dispersants were applied to open ocean waters in the Gulf of Mexico as part of the response to the Deepwater Horizon blowout. This unprecedented volume of dispersant application highlighted the importance of dispersant chemical formulations, raising questions of dispersant fate and transport in the open ocean and spurring research into formulation improvements. The research presented here elucidates the contribution of photolytic processes to the degradation of two solvent constituents of these dispersant mixtures: propylene glycol (PG) and 2-butoxyethanol (2-BE). A series of photodegradation experiments were conducted to determine the contribution of direct photolysis and indirect photolysis via hydroxyl radical (HO ) to compound degradation. Experiments were performed using both deep UV light sources (low pressure (LP) and medium pressure (MP) mercury vapor ultraviolet (UV) lamps) and a solar simulator. Sample matrices included ultrapure water, nitrate amended water, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) spiked water, Gulf of Mexico seawater, and a surface water from Boulder, CO. Experiments included determination of the molar absorption coefficients (e) and the HO reaction rate constants (kHO ) of the individual compounds. Data illustrated that significant direct photolysis of either PG or 2-BE from sunlight is unlikely. The kHO for PG and 2-BE were determined to be 6.15 × 108 M−1 s−1 and 1.15 × 109 M−1 s−1, respectively. Solar simulation and UV experiments indicate that in natural systems, neither PG nor 2-BE is expected to undergo significant, rapid degradation due to direct or indirect photolysis. PG and 2-BE are effectively degraded through indirect photolysis in the presence of high HO concentrations, suggesting UV/H2O2 is a feasible possibility for the treatment of waters containing PG and 2-BE.
Medical Management of Acute Gout

3 GOUT IS CHARACTERIZED by acute episodes of inflammatory arthritis caused by deposition of uric acid crystals in the joints and soft tissues. Gout affects an estimated 6.1 million people in the United States, and the prevalence is rising. It is diided into 3 clinical stages: acute, intercritical, and hronic. Hand surgeons can assist in the management of any stage but are typically involved with the evaluation of an acute gout flare. Acute gout typically presents as a monoarticular arthritis that most commonly affects the first metatarsophalangeal joint (termed podagra) but can involve the midfoot, ankle, or knee joint in 85%–90% of initial presentations. Initial presentation in the upper xtremity is appears to be less likely, but it can nvolve the elbow, wrist, and fingers. Elderly omen might be more likely to present with polyrticular involvement involving the fingers. The houlder is rarely affected by acute attacks, but hronic gout of the shoulder has been described in ase reports. Gout can cause an acute carpal unnel syndrome caused by accumulation of uric cid crystals and subsequent inflammatory reponse within the soft tissues of the wrist. The most common complaint is one of rapidly proressive joint pain over a short time course, usually less han 24 hours. The affected joint is erythematous, arm, swollen, and tender to palpation. Left untreated, n acute gout flare resolves over 3 to 10 days, followed y an asymptomatic phase known as the intercritical eriod. As the disease progresses, these pain-free interals become shorter, and episodes of acute flares beome more frequent. Although the definition of the hronic stage of the disease remains unclear, patients
Are School Vending Machines Loaded With Calories and Fat: An Assessment of 106 Middle and High Schools

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to describe the extent to which vending offerings in 106 schools in the St. Paul-Minneapolis, Minnesota metropolitan area, met criteria for types of beverages, fat, and calories based on selected criteria offered by the Institute of Medicine. METHODS: Schools where youth participants were attending for the 2006–2007 school year were identified and invited to participate in the study (n = 143); 81% of schools (n = 116) agreed to participate. RESULTS: Of the 116 schools, 106 had vending machines. Across schools with vending machines (n = 106), 5085 food and 8442 beverage items were offered. Overall, only 18% of beverage items met criteria for calories and type of beverage; significantly more items in public schools met the criteria as compared to private schools (19% vs 12%; p < .01). This difference was also significant for high schools as compared to middle schools (18% vs 22%; p < .01). For food items, 41% met calorie criteria, 45% met fat criteria, and 22% met both fat and calorie criteria. Significantly more food items met both criteria in public than private schools (22% vs 18%; p = .01), while high schools (22%) and middle schools (21%) were similar. A very small proportion of foods (<5%) would have met the full criteria suggested by the Institute of Medicine for competitive foods. CONCLUSION: Overall, foods and beverages offered in vending machines continue to be high in fat and calories. Public schools are doing a slightly better job of providing healthy foods as compared to private schools.
Long-term future of extragalactic astronomy

If the current energy density of the universe is indeed dominated by a cosmological constant, then high-redshift sources will remain visible to us only until they reach some finite age in their rest-frame. The radiation emitted beyond that age will never reach us due to the acceleration of the cosmic expansion rate, and so we will never know what these sources look like as they become older. As a source image freezes on a particular time frame along its evolution, its luminosity distance and redshift continue to increase exponentially with observation time. The higher the current redshift of a source is, the younger it will appear as it fades out of sight. For the popular set of cosmological parameters, I show that a source at a redshift z=5-10 will only be visible up to an age of 4-6 billion years. Arguments relating the properties of high-redshift sources to present-day counterparts will remain indirect even if we continue to monitor these sources for an infinite amount of time. These sources will not be visible to us when they reach the current age of the universe.
The Effects of Disaster on Women’s Reproductive Health in Developing Countries

The objective of this study is to empirically test the effects of disasters which include natural as well as human made disasters such as armed conflict on women’s reproductive health in developing countries. Data from 128 developing countries are used. It was found that average number of deaths from natural disasters and armed conflict in the East Asia and Pacific region was not significantly different from the rest of the developing world. The data are examined using structural equation analysis. This study finds that ‘armed conflict’ in developing countries presents significant reproductive health risks. The implications are discussed.
Are older patients more satisfied with hospital care than younger patients

OBJECTIVE: Determine relationships between age, self-reported health, and satisfaction in a large cohort of hospitalized patients. DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey. SETTING: Thirty-one hospitals in a large Midwestern metropolitan area. PATIENTS/PARTICIPATION: Randomly selected medical and surgical patients (N=64,900; mean age, 61 years; 56% female; 84% white) discharged during specific time periods from July 1990 to March 1995 who responded to a mailed survey (overall response rate, 48%). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Patients’ overall ratings of hospital quality and satisfaction with 5 aspects of care (physician care, nursing care, information provided, discharge instructions, and coordination of care) were measured by a validated survey, which was mailed to patients after discharge. Analyses compared satisfaction in 5 age groups (18 to 35, 36 to 50, 51 to 65, 66 to 80, and >80 years). Scores for the 5 aspects of care initially increased with age (P<.001) and then declined (P<.001). A similar relationship was found in analyses of the proportion of patients who rated overall quality as “excellent” or “very good.” Satisfaction was also higher in patients with better self-reported health (P<.001). In analyses of patients with poor to fair health, satisfaction scores peaked at age 65 before declining. However, for patients with good to excellent health, scores peaked at age 80. Moreover, declines in satisfaction in older patients were lower in patients with better health. These findings were consistent in multivariable analyses adjusting for potential confounders. CONCLUSIONS: Satisfaction exhibits a complex relationship with age, with scores increasing until age 65 to 80 and then declining. This relationship was consistent across individual satisfaction scales, but was modified by health status. The results suggest that age and health status should be taken into account when interpreting patient satisfaction data.
Synergistic Effects of Gene-End Signal Mutations and the M2-1 Protein on Transcription Termination by Respiratory Syncytial Virus

Individual mononegavirus genes terminate with a short cis-acting element, the gene-end (GE) signal, that directs polyadenylation and termination and might also influence the efficiency of reinitiation at the next downstream gene. The 12-13 nucleotide (nt) GE signals of human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) consist of a conserved pentanucleotide (3'-UCAAU, negative sense), followed by a 3-nt middle region that is AU-rich but otherwise not conserved, followed by a 4- or 5-nt poly(U) region that is thought to generate the poly(A) tail of the encoded mRNA by reiterative copying. Most of the naturally occurring differences in the GE signals of the various RSV genes occur in the "middle" and "poly(U)" regions. We mutated a copy of the fusion protein (F) GE signal that was positioned at the end of the promoter-proximal gene of a tricistronic minigenome and evaluated the effect of these mutations on RSV transcription in a plasmid-initiated, intracellular assay. Mutations confirmed the importance of the middle region's AU-rich nature and 3-nt length, and the poly(U) tract's 4-nt minimum functional length, with maximal termination efficiency observed at five U residues. Nt assignments other than U at position 13 also affected the efficiency of termination, showing that this position is part of the functional 13-nt GE signal. These results indicate that differences in nt assignments in the middle and poly(U) regions of the GE signal, which occur frequently in nature, affect the efficiency of termination. Unexpectedly, the ability of certain mutations to inhibit termination was completely dependent on coexpression of the M2-1 protein, and in many other cases the inhibitory effect of the mutation was greatly enhanced in the presence of M2-1. Thus, M2-1 appears to have the effect of altering the polymerase such that it ignores suboptimal GE signals. Interestingly, certain mutations that greatly decreased the efficiency of termination in the absence of M2-1 did not have much effect on the expression of the second gene, implying that correct termination and/or polyadenylation at the upstream gene is not obligatory for reinitiation at the next downstream gene.
Atmospheric oxidation of isoprene and 1,3-butadiene: influence of aerosol acidity and relative humidity on secondary organic aerosol

Abstract. The effects of acidic seed aerosols on the formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) have been examined in a number of previous studies, several of which have observed strong linear correlations between the aerosol acidity (measured as nmol H+ m−3 air sample volume) and the percent change in secondary organic carbon (SOC). The measurements have used several precursor compounds representative of different classes of biogenic hydrocarbons including isoprene, monoterpenes, and sesquiterpenes. To date, isoprene has displayed the most pronounced increase in SOC, although few measurements have been conducted with anthropogenic hydrocarbons. In the present study, we examine several aspects of the effect of aerosol acidity on the secondary organic carbon formation from the photooxidation of 1,3-butadiene, and extend the previous analysis of isoprene. The photooxidation products measured in the absence and presence of acidic sulfate aerosols were generated either through photochemical oxidation of SO2 or by nebulizing mixtures of ammonium sulfate and sulfuric acid into a 14.5 m3 smog chamber system. The results showed that, like isoprene and β-caryophyllene, 1,3-butadiene SOC yields linearly correlate with increasing acidic sulfate aerosol. The observed acid sensitivity of 0.11% SOC increase per nmol m−3 increase in H+ was approximately a factor of 3 less than that measured for isoprene. The results also showed that the aerosol yield decreased with increasing humidity for both isoprene and 1,3-butadiene, although to different degrees. Increasing the absolute humidity from 2 to 12 g m−3 reduced the 1,3-butadiene yield by 45% and the isoprene yield by 85%.
Ynl038wp (Gpi15p) is the Saccharomyces cerevisiae homologue of human Pig-Hp and participates in the first step in glycosylphosphatidylinositol assembly.

Glycosylphosphatidylinositols (GPIs) are found in all eukaryotes and are synthesized in a pathway that starts with the transfer of N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) from UDP-GlcNAc to phosphatidylinositol (PI). This reaction is carried out by a protein complex, three of whose subunits in humans, hGpi1p, Pig-Cp and Pig-Ap, have sequence and functional homologues in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Gpi1, Gpi2 and Gpi3 proteins, respectively. Human GlcNAc-PI synthase contains two further subunits, Pig-Hp and PigPp. We report that the essential YNL038w gene encodes the S. cerevisiae homologue of Pig-Hp. Haploid YNL038w-deletion strains were created, in which Ynl038wp could be depleted by repressing YNL038w expression using the GAL10 promoter. Depletion of Ynl038wp from membranes virtually abolished in vitro GlcNAc-PI synthetic activity, indicating that Ynl038wp is necessary for GlcNAc-PI synthesis in vitro. Further, depletion of Ynl038wp in an smp3 mutant background prevented the formation of the trimannosylated GPI intermediates that normally accumulate in this late-stage GPI assembly mutant. Ynl038wp is therefore required for GPI synthesis in vivo. Because YNL038w encodes a protein involved in GPI biosynthesis, we designate the gene GPI15. Potential Pig-Hp/Gpi15p counterparts are also encoded in the genomes of Schizosacchomyces pombe and Candida albicans. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Biodiversity, genomes, and DNA sequence databases.

Abstract There are ∼1.4 million organisms on this planet that have been described morphologically but there is no comparable coverage of biodiversity at the molecular level. Little more than 1% of the known species have been subject to any molecular scrutiny and eukaryotic genome projects have focused on a group of closely related model organisms. The past year, however, has seen an ∼80% increase in the number of species represented in sequence databases and the completion of the sequencing of three prokaryotic genomes. Large-scale sequencing projects seem set to begin coverage of a wider range of the eukaryotic diversity, including green plants, microsporidians and diplomonads.
Figure of Merit for the Spectrometric Analysis of Small Samples

In deciding between alternative sampling systems for the absorption spectrometric analysis of a small quantity of material, a useful figure of merit is the quantity LT/V, where L is the length of the light path in the sample, V is the volume occupied by the sample, and T is the fractional beam energy passed by the sampling system when none of the sample material is present. It is shown that LT/V is inversely proportional to the amount of sample required for analysis, permitting the direct comparison of such diverse approaches as the KBr micropellet technique and low-concentration gas analysis.
The role of depression and dissociation in the relationship between childhood trauma and bulimic symptoms among ethnically diverse female undergraduates

Abstract Objective The goals of this study were to examine the role of dissociation and depression as possible mediators of the relationship between several forms of childhood trauma and bulimic symptomatology and to explore potential ethnic differences in these relationships. Method Four hundred seventeen female undergraduates participated in this cross-sectional study. They completed measures of dissociative, depressive, and bulimic symptoms, and childhood trauma. Experiences of multiple forms of childhood trauma were measured, including physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, physical neglect, and emotional neglect. However, only emotional abuse was correlated with bulimic symptoms at p Results Dissociation was not associated with emotional abuse after controlling for depression; therefore, tests of dissociation as a mediator were discontinued. Depression was significantly associated with emotional abuse after controlling for dissociation. Emotional abuse was significantly associated with bulimia. Finally, emotional abuse and depression together were significantly associated with bulimia after controlling for dissociation. However, emotional abuse became nonsignificant when entered with depression, indicating that depression mediated the relationship between emotional abuse and bulimic symptoms. There were no ethnic differences in this relationship. Conclusions It appears that among women who have experienced childhood emotional abuse, depression is more strongly associated with unhealthy eating behaviors than is dissociation. Results also suggest that emotional abuse is a form of childhood trauma particularly relevant to bulimia.
Further Studies on the Thermostable Antigen in Beef Cells

SummaryAdsorptive tests with raw and autoclaved beef- and sheep-erythrocytes, and inhibitive experiments with normal rabbitserum demonstrated the presence of antibodies for the B.T. antigen in guinea pigs immunized with beef-erythrocytes.
Singularity formation in a collisionless plasma could occur only at high velocities

The global existence problem is studied for regular solutions of the relativistic Vlasov-Maxwell equations. If it is assumed that the plasma density vanishes a priori for velocities near the speed of light, then regular solutions with arbitrary initial data exist in all of space and time. This assumption is either postulated for a solution or is arranged for all solutions through a modification of the equations themselves.
Distribution and function of tenascin during cranial neural crest development in the chick.

Tenascin is a glycoprotein associated with the extra-cellular matrix and the surface of some cell types. Here, the distribution and possible function of tenascin have been examined along the pathways followed by cranial neural crest cells. During early stages of neural crest migration, tenascin was observed in a dense matrix surrounding premigratory cranial neural crest cells. Along the neural tube, tenascin immunoreactivity was observed in a dorsoventral gradient and was also noted under the ectoderm and around the notochord. During advanced neural crest migration, tenascin immunoreactivity colocalized with and appeared to be on the surface of migrating neural crest cells. At later stages, tenascin was present around the otic vesicles, retina, lens, and in an interstitial matrix in the region of the branchial arches. At the level of the occipital somites, tenascin immunoreactivity was observed around the neural tube, notochord, dermamyotome, and on the basal surface of the ectoderm. Tenascin was also observed in an interstitial matrix within the sclerotome. At early stages of vagal neural crest migration, immunoreactivity was uniform within the sclerotome, whereas at later stages tenascin colocalized with vagal neural crest cells within the rostral half of each sclerotome. The possible function of tenascin was tested by injecting antitenascin antibodies lateral to the mesencephalic neural tube. Two predominant defects were noted in injected embryos: (1) ectopic aggregates of cranial neural crest cells external to the neural tube and sometimes located on the apical side of the ectoderm; and (2) open and deformed neural tubes. Both the distribution and results of the perturbation experiment suggest that tenascin is required for proper cranial neural crest migration.
RCS-Aided Tracking: Does it Always Improve Data Association?

Single-frame measurement-to-track association algorithms that make unique decisions often have difficulty with closely-spaced (but resolved) targets. With little upon which to base decisions, it is not surprising that mistakes are made. One approach proposed in the literature for mitigating this problem is to augment the kinematic measurement-to-track likelihoods with amplitude information. However, this can actually be detrimental to the measurement-to-track association process for radar tracking. This paper analytically computes the probability of error for RCS-aided measurement-to-track association for Rayleigh targets and shows numerical results for fixed-amplitude and Rician targets. Since Rayleigh targets are typical in many radar applications, the last section addresses the number of pulses from a Rayleigh target that must be integrated to obtain reliable measurement-to-track data association with RCS.
Secular Privilege: Deconstructing the Invisible Rose‐Tinted Sunglasses

To facilitate movement toward a more equitable society, this paper explores the construct of secular privilege. In keeping with a critical perspective, power differentials are examined and illustrated in the nation's most influential medium for constructing public discourse—broadcast programming. Given the pervasiveness and invisibility of secular privilege, representative privileges are delineated. A subsample of these are deconstructed to provide insight into the benefits secular people typically enjoy and strategies are offered to help decenter the dominant narrative. Resistance will likely be encountered from those who are granted power by the current social structure, but productive change is possible since many secular people are committed to creating a more democratically representative society.
Reconstruction of extensive defects from posterior en bloc resection of sacral tumors with human acellular dermal matrix and gluteus maximus myocutaneous flaps.

Background Performing a sacrectomy from an exclusively posterior approach allows the en bloc resection of tumors without the morbidity of a laparotomy. However, reconstruction of the resultant extensive soft-tissue defects is challenging because a vertical rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap is not harvested. Objective To report the largest series (with the longest follow-up) of sacral reconstructions using a combination of human acellular dermal matrix (HADM) and gluteus maximus myocutaneous flaps. Methods Thirty-four patients with sacral tumors with a follow-up of at least 1 year were reviewed retrospectively. After the tumor was excised, HADM (AlloDerm, LifeCell Corp, Branchburg, New Jersey) was secured to create a pelvic diaphragm. Subsequently, the gluteus maximus muscles were freed from their origins and advanced to cover the HADM. Results The mean age of patients was 50.1 years (SD, 16.0 years), and the histopathology was a chordoma in 82.4%. Seven patients (20.6%) developed a postoperative wound dehiscence, 5 of whom (14.7%) required operative debridement. An estimated blood loss of >1500 mL, an operative time of >9 hours during sacrectomy, and postoperative bowel incontinence were associated with a significantly higher likelihood of undergoing a subsequent debridement for dehiscence (P ≤ .03). With a mean follow-up of 45.7 months, only 1 patient developed an asymptomatic parasacral hernia. Conclusion Reconstruction of posterior sacrectomy defects with HADM and gluteus maximus myocutaneous flaps may be valid. This approach may have rates of wound dehiscence comparable to other techniques and low rates of parasacral herniation.
Nitric oxide—heme binding model for nitrosylhemoglobin from its magnetic properties

Abstract A simple orbital model of the binding of NO to the heme iron in nitrosylhemoglobin is presented that fits the experimentally measured g factors and spin distribution. The NO π ☆ orbitals are split by approximately 4000 cm −1 X hc such that the lower singly occupied member lies 8000 cm −1 X hc above the filled Fe d orbitals. Binding of Fe to the N of NO is primarily of two comparable in-plane ( xz ) types, dσ—pσ with 23% d z 2 character and dπ—pπ with 25% d xz character. There is relatively less of the out-of-plane dπ—pπ and it involves almost no d yz character.
Data Note System for Capturing Laboratory Data

The complexity of genome data limits the usefulness of traditional database management systems. The highly interconnected structure of genome data can be captured in a data representation language based on the mathematical formalism of graphs. We have tailored graphs for describing genome data and have developed a database management system, called the Data Note System, for developing small databases to capture data from genome laboratories. To simplify the use of the Data Note System, a series of tools with graphical user interfaces has been developed. The system is designed to be easy to install and use by novice database developers with a minimal amount of computer expertise. We describe the tools and present examples of their use. The system consists of a storage facility, a schema editing tool to simplify the design of small databases, and three tools for data entry and querying.
The eight scenarios for urban revitalization

Eight initiatives for revitalizing urban America within the current century are given. These scenarios are weighted by four ranking criteria and ranked. The eight scenarios are: growth centers, new towns-in-town, satellite developments, free-standing new communities, benign neglect, microrevitalization, elimination of cities, and the transcendental solution.
Improvement of the efficiency of plasma display panels by combining waveform and cell geometry design

A two-dimensional (2D) self-consistent simulation model is used to investigate the effect of several different sustaining voltage waveforms on the luminous efficiency of plasma display panel (PDP) cells. We first show that such a model can reproduce all the major trends of experimental display measurements concerning the effect of waveform on PDP efficiency. We then use this model to put forth new high-efficiency PDP designs. A new sustaining waveform combining assistant voltage pulses with asymmetric pulse driving results in /spl sim/25% maximum increase in efficiency within the voltage margin of the cell. A new plasma display using combined waveform and electrode designs is determined to have a maximum increase in efficiency of /spl sim/40%.
Emergent Intubation and CT Scan Pathology of Blunt Trauma Patients with Glasgow Coma Scale Scores of 3–13

Introduction:Widely accepted guidelines for use of pharmacologic agents for prehospital intubation have not been fully developed. Toward the goal of formulating specific guidelines, this study sought to determine how well the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score stratifies the need for emergent intubation (within 30 minutes of emergency department arrival or in the prehospital setting).Methods:A one-year, retrospective review of the charts of blunt trauma patients with presumed head injury who presented to the emergency department of a Level 1 trauma center with a GCS score of ≤13 was performed. A total of 120 patients met the inclusion and exclusion criteria.Results:A significant number of patients presenting with a GCS score of ≤9 required emergent intubation. A significant minority of patients presenting with a GCS score of 10–13 required emergent intubation (20%) or had intracranial pathology on head CT scan (23%), and the majority of patients from this subgroup did not require subsequent intubation. Alcohol or substance intoxication and communication barriers such as deafness and language difficulties limited the clinical examination.Conclusion:Patients with a presenting GCS score of ≤9 represent candidates for the use of pharmacologic agents to facilitate aggressive airway control by well-trained and supervised emergency medical technicians (EMTs). Emergent intubation of patients with a GCS score of 10–13 is problematic. Patients with a presenting GCS score of 10–13 must be evaluated individually and closely monitored. In the emergency department, head CT scans coupled with serial evaluations generally are warranted to assess underlying pathology in patients with a presenting GCS score of 10–13.
Prevention of Recurrence of Major Depression among Emerging Adults by a Group Cognitive-Behavioral/Interpersonal Intervention

Background: Among the most serious sequelae to an initial episode of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) during adolescence is the significant increase in the probability of recurrence. This study reports on an integrated CBT/IPT program, provided in a group format, that was developed to decrease the rate of MDD recurrence in emerging adults. Methods: Participants were 89 young adults who were not depressed at study entry but had experienced MDD during adolescence. Participants were assigned to a CBT/IPT prevention program or to an assessment only control condition and were followed through the first 2 years of college. Results: Risk for MDD recurrence was reduced more than 50% for the prevention program participants compared to assessment only controls. The intervention also conferred beneficial effects on academic performance for those students who completed the majority of the group sessions. Limitations: The study included a self-selected sample of emerging adults who were aware of their history of depression. Due to the small sample size, it will be important to evaluate similar interventions in adequately-powered trials to determine if this is a replicable finding. Conclusions: With 51% of the assessment only participants experiencing a MDD recurrence during the first 2 years of college, these findings support the need for programs designed to prevent MDD recurrence in young adults. The current program, based on IPT and CBT principles, appears to reduce the rate of MDD recurrence among previously depressed emerging adults.
Concepts for Life Safety Analysis

An overview of the need, methods, and resources appropriate for life safety analysis of fire hazards is presented. An outline of the elements of a fire hazard analysis system with appropriate references is given.
The use of buck and ram extenders and two packaging systems to cryopreserve aoudad (Ammotragus lervia) spermatozoa.

Abstract Because the aoudad has been hunted to near extinction, cryopreservation of their semen would be useful for DNA conservation and for the possible re-establishment of captive bred animals to their former ranges. This study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of cryopreserving aoudad spermatozoa. Semen samples from four post-pubertal animals were collected using electro-ejaculation. Microscopic analysis was performed to assess the percentages of progressively and non-progressively motile spermatozoa as well as intact acrosomes in samples prior to freezing and post-thaw. Extended samples (0.2 mL) were frozen using 2 different extenders and packaging systems and stored in LN 2 Post-thaw data were arcsine-transformed and analyzed using ANOVA, 2 × 2 factorial. Samples that were processed using the ram/straw method had a significantly higher percentage (P
RF System-on-Package (SOP) Development for compact low cost Wireless Front-end systems

This paper presents the development of RF System-on-Package (SOP) architectures for compact and low cost wireless radio front-end systems. A novel 3D integration approach for SOP-based solutions for wireless communication applications is proposed and utilized for the implementation of a C band Wireless LAN (WLAN) RF front-end module by means of stacking LTCC substrates using ?BGA technology. Results from the characterization and the modeling of RF vertical board-to-board transitions using ?BGA process are presented for the first time. LTCC designs of high-performance multilayer embedded bandpass filters and novel stacked cavity-backed patch antennas are also reported. In addition, the fabrication of very high Q-factor inductors and embedded filter in organic substrates demonstrate the satisfactory performance of multilayer organic packages.
Metacarpophalangeal pattern profile analysis in Noonan syndrome

Metacarpophalangeal pattern (MCPP) analysis is an application of an anthropometric technique that provides a quantitative assessment of the amount and direction of abnormality in the hand skeleton. MCPP analysis was undertaken on 15 individuals (9 males, 6 females) with Noonan syndrome ranging in age from 0.1 to 36 years with a mean age at 11.6 years. The overall average Z score for the MCPP variables was -2.1 and the range was -2.5 (for metacarpal two) and -1.5 (for middle phalanx 5). The average hand pattern variability index, a measure of hand bone length relationships, was abnormal. A Pearsonian correlation analysis was used to assess similarity between the mean pattern and each of the 15 individual patterns. Nine (60%) of the fifteen individuals with Noonan syndrome had significant positive correlations (P < 0.05), indicating homogeneity or similarity in the hand patterns. A stepwise discriminant analysis was performed on Z score data from the individual hand bone measurements on the 15 subjects with Noonan syndrome and 41 healthy controls (24 females, 17 males; mean age = 13.1 years with age range of 9.6 to 18 years). This analysis produced a discriminant function with two MCPP variables (metacarpal 1 and middle phalanx 3) entering into the function and producing a correct classification rate of 93%. The two MCPP variables contributed to the overall difference between individuals with Noonan syndrome and the normative sample. The hand pattern variability index was outside of the normal range, indicating an abnormal MCPP with multivariate analysis. The MCPP analysis may be useful as a tool for diagnosis in screening subjects for Noonan syndrome.
Physiological implications of landscape use by free-ranging maned wolves (Chrysocyon brachyurus) in Brazil

Wide-ranging species with large spatial requirements can rarely be supported in protected areas alone, yet most species face greater threats outside reserves. The need to consider conservation of large mammals in landscape mosaics is very relevant to the Brazilian Cerrado, which is the world’s most biologically diverse and threatened savanna. The maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus), South America’s largest canid, has been proposed as a flagship species for the Cerrado. The majority of the maned wolf’s distribution overlaps croplands, whereas , 4% of its range overlaps with a protected area. To understand how landscape use influences maned wolf physiological health and likelihood of persistence, we collected scat samples (n ¼ 974) from a 4,000-km 2 area encompassing national park, cropland, cattle pasture, and remnant vegetation. From these samples, we measured fecal hormone metabolites of glucocorticoids (indicative of stress), thyroid hormone (indicative of nutritional status), and progesterone (indicative of reproductive health). Glucocorticoid metabolite concentrations increased with distance from natural habitat patches and during times of peak harvest activity. Thyroid hormone metabolite levels were higher in areas with more cropland, indicating good nutritional status. Progesterone metabolite levels in females were higher inside than outside the park, suggesting females residing in the park have higher reproductive success. Results indicate that maned wolves make extensive use of the landscape matrix and are able to tolerate modified agricultural fields despite being sensitive to disturbance. Ensuring their conservation for the long-term will require increased monitoring and incentivizing conservation on private lands that compose much of the Cerrado.
Efficient proving for practical distributed access-control systems

We present a new technique for generating a formal proof that an access request satisfies access-control policy, for use in logic-based access-control frameworks. Our approach is tailored to settings where credentials needed to complete a proof might need to be obtained from, or reactively created by, distant components in a distributed system. In such contexts, our approach substantially improves upon previous proposals in both computation and communication costs, and better guides users to create the most appropriate credentials in those cases where needed credentials do not yet exist. At the same time, our strategy offers strictly superior proving ability, in the sense that it finds a proof in every case that previous approaches would (and more). We detail our method and evaluate an implementation of it using both policies in active use in an access-control testbed at our institution and larger policies indicative of a widespread deployment.
Beginning Hip Arthroscopy: Indications, Positioning, Portals, Basic Techniques, and Complications

Hip arthroscopy is becoming increasingly popular for the diagnosis and treatment of hip pathology, and the indications continue to evolve. The two most common approaches are the supine and lateral decubitus position. Both approaches can be performed effectively; however, each approach has its own benefits and drawbacks. In this review we will describe the indications for hip arthroscopy, the pros and cons of each approach, and the necessary equipment, portals, portal placement, commercially available distraction devices, and complications.
Caring For Distressed Students: How Should Problematic Behavior Be Managed On Campus?

(2008). Caring For Distressed Students: How Should Problematic Behavior Be Managed On Campus? Journal of College and Character: Vol. 10, No. 2, pp. null.