cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The impact of social constraints on adjustment following a romantic breakup

Following a romantic breakup, people often seek opportunities to talk with close others. Although talking with others may prove helpful for some, the social-cognitive processing (SCP) model posits that interpersonal interactions can hinder adjustment if disclosers perceive social constraints. The current research marked the first time the SCP model was explored with regard to the dissolution of romantic relationships (N = 217). Consistent with the SCP model, social constraints were associated with greater psychological distress, and avoidance of dissolution-related thoughts and discussion partially mediated the relation between social constraints and psychological distress as levels of social support decreased. Social support may provide a buffer against engaging in avoidance behaviors in response to feeling socially constrained.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-Funded Human Immunodeficiency Virus Testing, Positivity, and Service Delivery among Newly Diagnosed Women in 61 Health Department Jurisdictions, United States, 2014.

Abstract Background More than 1.2 million persons are living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the United States; at the end of 2011, 23% of them were women. Minority women are disproportionately affected by HIV, and new infections are higher among older women. HIV testing and service delivery among women funded by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is examined. Methods Data were submitted by 61 health department jurisdictions. HIV testing, HIV-positive tests, new HIV diagnoses among women, and linkage and referral services among newly diagnosed women are described. Differences across demographic characteristics for HIV diagnoses, linkage, and referral services were assessed. Diagnoses were identified as new when women who tested HIV positive were not found to be reported previously in the jurisdiction's HIV surveillance system; when jurisdictions could not verify prior test results in their surveillance systems, new diagnoses were identified by self-report. Results Of CDC-funded testing events in 2014, 1,484,902 (48.7%) were among women, and they accounted for 19.5% of all HIV-positive testing events. Among women tested, 0.4% were HIV positive, and 0.1% had new HIV diagnoses. Women aged 40 and older and Black women were more likely to test HIV positive (0.7% and 0.5%, respectively). Among newly diagnosed women, 62.8% were linked within any timeframe, 57.1% were linked within 90 days, 74.1% were referred to partner services, 57.5% were interviewed for partner services, and 55.5% were referred to HIV risk reduction services. Conclusions Among all women receiving CDC-funded HIV testing, Black women and older women were more likely to have HIV-positive tests and new diagnoses. Although women overall may not be at the highest risk for HIV, Black women in this sample are disproportionately affected. Additionally, linkage, referral, and interview services for women need improvement. Targeted testing approaches may ensure effective test-and-treat strategies for women.
How does international student teaching shape the participants?: professional and personal perspectives and decisions

For valid educational and cultural reasons, many teacher education institutions promote or allow some pre-service teachers to complete their student teaching experiences in a different country. A select, but growing body of literature suggests positive outcomes of these unique international placements. This study extends and refines the data on the impact of overseas student teachers on those who student-taught overseas as part of an undergraduate teacher licensure program. Data collected through surveys and a focus group of alumni from one higher education institution in the US reveal the impact of these international experiences. This impact extends in several directions: professional decisions, extracurricular choices, and personal and professional cultural perspectives. Implications of these findings suggest that these types of cross-cultural experiences can support the preparation of new teachers for the increasing numbers of culturally and linguistically diverse students in P-12 public schools.
Changes at the NSF and Computing in the Physics Curriculum

Associate editor-in-chief Steven Gottlieb describes a recent experience with the Partnership for Integration of Computation into Undergraduate Physics (PICUP) program.
Spanish Version of the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale: Awareness and Use in United States. A Survey Study.

Objective : To investigate the awareness and the use of Spanish version of National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) throughout the United States by regions using a web based survey. Methods: A survey targeting physicians from two specialties that regularly manage acute stroke patients was conducted from February to August of 2015. Academic centers from the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education online directory belonging to Emergency Medicine and Neurology residency programs were identified. Those with valid email addresses were invited to the survey. The Questionnaire was composed of ten questions separated into three different groups. The responses received from the programs were separated by specialty and grouped into different regions in the United States for comparison. Results: Out of 230 Residency invited programs, we received a total of 73 responses, thirty-five from Emergency Medicine and 26 responses from Neurology Residency Programs. In addition, 12 respondents were categorized as unknown recipients. The South region had the highest response rate with 30.3%. There was no significant difference in the responses by region if PR was not analyzed. Interviewees reported a substantial percentage of Spanish speaking patients reported across the regions and more than 75% of the programs report lack of knowledge of the Spanish version of the NIHSS and/or the use of it. Conclusion: There may be a need to increase awareness and to promote the use of the Spanish version of the NIHSS. Spanish speaking population in the United States may be inaccurately assessed for acute stroke and could impact the outcomes. Larger population studies should be conducted to confirm our findings.
Association of Hospital Costs With Complications Following Total Gastrectomy for Gastric Adenocarcinoma.

Importance Postoperative complications are associated with increased hospital costs following major surgery, but the mechanism by which they increase cost and the categories of care that drive this increase are poorly described. Objective To describe the association of postoperative complications with hospital costs following total gastrectomy for gastric adenocarcinoma. Design, Setting, and Participants This retrospective analysis of a prospectively collected gastric cancer surgery database at a single National Cancer Institute–designated comprehensive cancer center included all patients undergoing curative-intent total gastrectomy for gastric adenocarcinoma between January 2009 and December 2012 and was conducted in 2015 and 2016. Main Outcomes and Measures Ninety-day normalized postoperative costs. Hospital accounting system costs were normalized to reflect Medicare reimbursement levels using the ratio of hospital costs to Medicare reimbursement and categorized into major cost categories. Differences between costs in Medicare proportional dollars (MP $) can be interpreted as the amount that would be reimbursed to an average hospital by Medicare if it paid differentially based on types and extent of postoperative complications. Results In total, 120 patients underwent curative-intent total gastrectomy for stage I through III gastric adenocarcinoma between 2009 and 2012. Of these, 79 patients (65.8%) were men, and the median (interquartile range) age was 64 (52-70) years. The 51 patients (42.5%) who underwent an uncomplicated total gastrectomy had a mean (SD) normalized cost of MP $12 330 (MP $2500), predominantly owing to the cost of surgical care (mean [SD] cost, MP $6830 [MP $1600]). The 34 patients (28.3%) who had a major complication had a mean (SD) normalized cost of MP $37 700 (MP $28 090). Surgical care was more expensive in these patients (mean [SD] cost, MP $8970 [MP $2750]) but was a smaller contributor to total cost (24%) owing to increased costs from room and board (mean [SD] cost, MP $11 940 [MP $8820]), consultations (mean [SD] cost, MP $3530 [MP $2410]), and intensive care unit care (mean [SD] cost, MP $7770 [MP $14 310]). Conclusions and Relevance Major complications were associated with tripled normalized costs following curative-intent total gastrectomy. Most of the excess costs were related to the treatment of complications. Interventions that decrease the number or severity of postoperative complications could result in substantial cost savings.
The dynamics of government revenue forecasting from an organizational perspective: a review of the literature

Over a decade ago, Bretschneider and Gorr proposed two directions for future research in government forecasting: one was to extend the research on developing and evaluating alternative forecasting methods and the other, to look at forecasting as a human activity and examine how organizational factors affect forecasting. What has happened since then? To see partially what has been done and what remains to be done, this paper provides a review of the literature on government revenue forecasting with a primary focus on the state level and identifies areas for future research in government revenue forecasting.
Valproic Acid Inhibits Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial (hRPE) Cell Proliferation Via a P38 MAPK Signaling Mechanism.

Valproic acid (VPA) has been reported to inhibit cancer cell growth and has therapeutic use in retinal diseases. However, the mechanism of this action remains unclear. In order to explore this mechanism, primary human retinal pigment epithelial (hRPE) cell cultures were established. Cell viability was assessed by the trypan blue exclusion method (T), and the cell proliferation was measured by 3H–thymidine incorporation (3H–thy). P38 synthesis was quantitated by using 14C-methionine-labeled P38 (14C-P38) by using P38-specific antibody. SB203580 (SB), a selective inhibitor of p38 MAPK, was also used to test the specificity of P38 stimulation. Antinuclear staining (NS) studies were performed by DAPI. Statistical significance was established by student’s t-test. We observed that VPA (1 mM) inhibited 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS)-stimulated cell proliferation (1.75 ± 0.37 vs. 3.25 ± 0.68 cells per 1 μl ± SEM, p < 0.05, n = 4). VPA also stimulated 14C-P38 synthesis in a dose-dependent manner. SB (30 μM) inhibited VPA (4 mM)-stimulated 14C-P38 synthesis (197.74 ± 41.17 vs. 425.89 ± 59.17, CPM ± SEM, p < 0.05, n = 4) and increased hRPE cell proliferation (1.79 ± 0.45 vs. 4.93 ± 1.12 cells per 1 μl ± SEM, p < 0.05, n = 4); NS demonstrated VPA-induced cell damage. We conclude that VPA inhibits hRPE cell growth via P38 MAP mechanism and may be of therapeutic value in treating or preventing proliferative eye diseases.
Physical and chemical properties of actinides in nuclear fuel reprocessing

Abstract: This chapter provides a short insight into multifaceted chemistry of actinides. The chapter first reviews the unique features of the f-block elements and compares the lanthanide and actinide transition series. The chapter then discusses the coordination chemistry of actinides with hard- and soft-donor ligands, hydrolysis, redox reactions, and radiation effects. Kinetic and thermodynamic aspects of solution chemistry of actinides and their effect on their separation behaviour are discussed.
Vascular permeability factor/vascular endothelial growth factor:A multifunctional angiogenic cytokine

VPF/VEGF is a multifunctional cytokine that contributes to angiogenesis by both direct and indirect mechanisms. On the one hand, VPF/VEGF stimulates the endothelial cells lining nearby microvessels to proliferate, to migrate and to alter their pattern of gene expression. On the other hand, VPF/VEGF renders these same microvascular endothelial cells hyperpermeable so that they spill plasma proteins into the extravascular space, leading to profound alterations in the extracellular matrix that favor angiogenesis. These same principles apply in tumors, in several examples of non-neoplastic pathology, and in physiological processes that involve angiogenesis and new stroma generation. In all of these examples, microvascular hyperpermeability and the introduction of a provisional, plasma-derived matrix precede and accompany the onset of endothelial cell division and new blood vessel formation. It would seem, therefore, that tumors have made use of fundamental pathways that developed in multicellular organisms for purposes of tissue defense, renewal and repair. VPF/VEGF, therefore, has taught us something new about angiogenesis; namely, that vascular hyperpermeability and consequent plasma protein extravasation are important--perhaps essential--elements in its generation. However, this finding raises a paradox. While VPF/VEGF induces vascular hyperpermeability, other potent angiogenic factors apparently do not, at least in sub-toxic concentrations that are more than sufficient to induce angiogenesis (Connolly et al., 1989a). Nonetheless, wherever angiogenesis has been studied, the newly generated vessels have been found to be hyperpermeable. How, therefore, do angiogenic factors other than VPF/VEGF lead to the formation of new and leaky blood vessels? We do not as yet have a complete answer to this question. One possibility is that at least some angiogenic factors mediate their effect by inducing or stimulating VPF/VEGF expression. In fact, there are already clear example of this. A number of putative angiogenic factors including small molecules (e.g. prostaglandins, adenosine) as well as many cytokines (e.g. TGF-alpha, bFGF, TGF-beta, TNF-alpha, KGF, PDGF) have all been shown to upregulate VPF/VEGF expression. Further studies that elucidate the crosstalk among various angiogenic factors are likely to contribute significantly to a better understanding of the mechanisms by which new blood vessels are formed in health and in disease.
Unraveling Mechanisms Underlying the Effectiveness of Robot-Assisted Gait Training in Children with Cerebral Palsy

The objective of this paper is to discuss potential mechanisms that affect the outcomes of robot-assisted gait training in children with cerebral palsy. Our group and others have shown that gait function can be significantly improved in children with cerebral palsy by relying upon robotic technology. However, it has been also emphasized that the magnitude of motor gains achieved in this patient population varies dramatically from subject to subject. This observation has motivated many to explore mechanisms potentially related to the differences in robot-assisted gait training outcomes observed across individuals. Factors that we explore and discuss in this paper include the baseline functional ability level of the individual receiving gait training, the specific type of gait deviations observed at baseline, the mechanical characteristics of the robot used for training, the level of engagement of the child during the therapeutic session, and finally the ability of individuals to generate motor adaptation strategies in response to the forces generated by the robot. We observe that the ability of individuals to generate motor adaptation strategies has been disregarded by previous research work and suggest that methodologies suitable to assess the ability of children with cerebral palsy to ”respond” to the forces generated by the robot should be developed and tested.
Measurement of Thermal Conductivity of Insulating Cryogenic Structural Materials

This paper describes an apparatus for measuring thermal conductivities of less than 1 Wm-1K-1 using a longitudinal heat flow method. Two methods are discussed; one is a relative measurement method and the other is an absolute method. Contact resistance effects are discussed. Results are presented for measurements on Pyrex 7740, G-10CR, and a new material from Du Pont, FP/epoxy, a continuous, uniaxial alumina fiber filled epoxy.
Straightening 3-D Surface Scans of Curved Natural History Specimens for Taxonomic Research

Two challenges for taxonomists are proper identification of specimens to known species and extracting information from specimens to diagnose new species. Both tasks are complicated by the very large numbers of known and unknown species and the dwindling numbers of qualified taxonomists to identify/diagnose them all. Automated species identification is a tool that can assist taxonomists facing this challenge. This paper looks at one aspect of automated species identification: unfolding curved specimens, which commonly occurs when specimens are prepared for storage in natural history collections. Here we attempt to address the rather extreme case of an elongate fish specimen coiled along its medial axis. The medial axis is the set of all points within an object with the shortest distance to at least two different points on that object’s surface, where “distance” (typically Euclidean) is determined by the application. Medial Axis Estimation is a challenging problem that arises when the surface itself is sampled (i.e. incomplete). In this paper, we look at various techniques for estimating the medial axis of an object, then we propose a new method for medial axis estimation based on localized spatial depth.We extend the idea of localized spatial depth-based medial axis further by applying an original ridge detector. We conclude with a comparison of our approach with The Power Crust approach using artificial data.
Inhibition of mTORC1 in pediatric low-grade glioma depletes glutathione and therapeutically synergizes with carboplatin.

BACKGROUND Pediatric low-grade glioma (pLGG) often initially responds to front-line therapies such as carboplatin, but more than 50% of treated tumors eventually progress and require additional therapy. With the discovery that pLGG often contains mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) activation, new treatment modalities and combinations are now possible for patients. The purpose of this study was to determine if carboplatin is synergistic with the mTOR complex 1 inhibitor everolimus in pLGG. METHODS We treated 4 pLGG cell lines and 1 patient-derived xenograft line representing various pLGG genotypes, including neurofibromatosis type 1 loss, proto-oncogene B-Raf (BRAF)-KIAA1549 fusion, and BRAFV600E mutation, with carboplatin and/or everolimus and performed assays for growth, cell proliferation, and cell death. Immunohistochemistry as well as in vivo and in vitro metabolomics studies were also performed. RESULTS Carboplatin synergized with everolimus in all of our 4 pLGG cell lines (combination index <1 at Fa 0.5). Combination therapy was superior at inhibiting tumor growth in vivo. Combination treatment increased levels of apoptosis as well as gamma-H2AX phosphorylation compared with either agent alone. Everolimus treatment suppressed the conversion of glutamine and glutamate into glutathione both in vitro and in vivo. Exogenous glutathione reversed the effects of carboplatin and everolimus. CONCLUSIONS The combination of carboplatin and everolimus was effective at inducing cell death and slowing tumor growth in pLGG models. Everolimus decreased the amount of available glutathione inside the cell, preventing the detoxification of carboplatin and inducing increased DNA damage and apoptosis.
Political Participation and the 'Feeling of Doing': The Causes and Consequences of Perceptions of Political Control

Perceptions of political control (POPC) is a set of subjective beliefs about the effectiveness of specific actions in achieving desired political outcomes and how capable individuals feel in executing these strategies. We argue that participation in the political system, especially successful participation, fosters these control beliefs. POPC in turn affects how people understand their role in the political world and their reasoning in making political decisions. Using data from a two-wave national survey and a novel experiment, we show that the POPC is distinct from and superior to traditional measures of political efficacy and trust due to its stronger theoretical foundations. Further, as our theory suggests, we show that POPC increases with successful political participation and that individuals with higher POPC are more likely to attribute political outcomes to their personal actions and to ignore information implying that the effectiveness of their actions is conditioned by the political environment.
Proceedings of the 42nd Annual IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Microarchitecture

We are pleased to present this year's technical program. Both papers and keynotes represent a broad spectrum of exciting ideas relevant to the computer architecture community in the near and the long term. This year we had 209 submissions. Program Committee (PC) members were not allowed to coauthor more than two submissions each. The reviewing process involved 34 PC members and 244 external reviewers. We assigned all PC and external reviews for those papers for which we did not have a conflict. In cases where one of us had a conflict, the other one assigned the reviews; and in the few cases where we both had a conflict, a third PC member assigned the reviews and led the discussion at the PC meeting. We made sure each paper had adequate expert coverage in both the PC and externally, and that each paper had high-quality reviews returned. In the end, 998 reviews were filed--an average of 4.8 reviews per submission. All reviews were made available for comment by the authors during the response period. To make the final decision for each paper, the PC carefully considered the reviews and author responses. The PC meeting was held on July 25 at Newark Airport. All 34 PC members were in attendance, many traveling great distances to be there. At the meeting, every paper was eligible for discussion. Conflicts were handled using the hot-seat model in all cases and prior to revealing the paper about to be discussed. Papers with PC members as co-authors were not handled as a separate category. Overall, the PC meeting was very collegial and constructive, and we strived to reach consensus on each paper. In the end, 52 papers were selected, 4 of which co-authored by PC members, constituting a 24.9% acceptance rate.
Acute kidney injury following contrast media administration in the septic patient: A retrospective propensity-matched analysis

Abstract Purpose To determine the risk for acute kidney injury (AKI) attributable to intravenous contrast media (CM) administration in septic patients. Materials and methods This was a single-center retrospective propensity matched cohort analysis performed in the emergency department (ED) of an academic medical center. All visits for patients ≥18 years who met sepsis diagnostic criteria and had serum creatinine (SCr) measured both on arrival to the ED and again 48 to 72 h later were included. Of 4171 visits, 1464 patients underwent contrast-enhanced CT (CECT), 976 underwent unenhanced CT and 1731 underwent no CT at all. Results The primary outcome was incidence of AKI. Logistic regression and between-groups odds ratios with and without propensity-score matching were used to test for an independent association between CM administration and AKI. Incidence of AKI was 7.2%, 9.4% and 9.7% in those who underwent CECT, unenhanced CT and no CT. CM administration was not associated with increased incidence of AKI. Conclusions Sepsis is a medical emergency proven to benefit from early diagnosis and rapid initiation of treatment, which is often aided by CECT. Our findings argue against withholding CM for fear of precipitating AKI in potentially septic patients.
The role of race in teacher education standards for mathematics: what is missing and why it matters

With a teaching force that is predominately White educating a growing proportion of students of color, there is a pressing concern in the United States to address how teachers are prepared to confr...
Self-Secured Control with Anomaly Detection and Recovery in Automotive Cyber-Physical Systems

Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) are growing with added complexity and functionality. Multidisciplinary interactions with physical systems are the major keys to CPS. However, sensors, actuators, controllers, and wireless communications are prone to attacks that compromise the system. Machine learning models have been utilized in controllers of automotive to learn, estimate, and provide the required intelligence in the control process. However, their estimation is also vulnerable to the attacks from physical or cyber domains. They have shown unreliable predictions against unknown biases resulted from the modeling. In this paper, we propose a novel control design using conditional generative adversarial networks that will enable a self-secured controller to capture the normal behavior of the control loop and the physical system, detect the anomaly, and recover from them. We experimented our novel control design on a self-secured BMS by driving a Nissan Leaf S on standard driving cycles while under various attacks. The performance of the design has been compared to the state-of-the-art; the self-secured BMS could detect the attacks with 83% accuracy and the recovery estimation error of 21% on average, which have improved by 28% and 8%, respectively.
Vocal tract shape and acoustic adjustments of children during phonation into narrow flow-resistant tubes.

The goal of the study is to quantify the salient vocal tract acoustic, subglottal acoustic, and vocal tract physiological characteristics during phonation into a narrow flow-resistant tube with 2.53 mm inner diameter and 124 mm length in typically developing vocally healthy children using simultaneous microphone, accelerometer, and 3D/4D ultrasound recordings. Acoustic measurements included fundamental frequency (fo), first formant frequency (F1), second formant frequency (F2), first subglottal resonance (FSg1), and peak-to-peak amplitude ratio (Pvt:Psg). Physiological measurements included posterior tongue height (D1), tongue dorsum height (D2), tongue tip height (D3), tongue length (D4), oral cavity width (D5), hyoid elevation (D6), pharynx width (D7). All measurements were made on eight boys and ten girls (6–9 years) during sustained /o:/ production at typical pitch and loudness, with and without flow-resistant tube. Phonation with the flow-resistant tube resulted in a significant decrease in F1, F2, and Pvt:Psg and a significant increase in D2, D3, and FSg1. A statistically significant gender effect was observed for D1, with D1 higher in boys. These findings agree well with reported findings from adults, suggesting common acoustic and articulatory mechanisms for narrow flow-resistant tube phonation. Theoretical implications of the findings are discussed.
Abdominal wall reconstruction with large polypropylene mesh: is bigger better?

Hernia repair for large and complex hernias presents challenges related to the availability of larger mesh sizes. When sizes beyond those manufactured are required, multiple meshes (MM) may be sutured to create a larger graft. With the availability of large polypropylene mesh up to 50 × 50 cm (LM), abdominal wall reconstruction (AWR) may be accomplished with a single mesh. This study evaluates clinical and economic outcomes following AWR with component separation utilizing MM and LM. A retrospective study was performed with review of health records and cost accounting data. Patients that underwent AWR with LM were case matched 1:1 with patients undergoing MM repair based upon comorbidities, defect size and wound class. Twenty-four patients underwent AWR with LM. Twenty patients (10F, 10 M) who underwent AWR with LM were matched with 20 MM AWR (11F, 9 M). Age, BMI, ASA 3 + , never smoker, diabetes, and hernia characteristics were similar between LM and MM. Operative cost ($4295 vs $3669, p = 0.127), operative time (259 min vs 243 min, p = 0.817), length of stay (5.5 vs 6.2, p = 0.484), wound complication (30% vs 20%, p = 0.716), infected seroma (5% vs 5%, p = 1), and readmission (5% vs 15%, p = 0.605) were similar between LM and MM, respectively. This is the first report of patients undergoing AWR with a large 50 × 50 cm prolene mesh. In this small cohort, clinical outcomes were similar between those undergoing repair with multiple sutured mesh sheets and a single large mesh.
Exploration of Attitudes and Experiences of Young Adults Who Do and Do Not Attend College

Personality traits, attitudes, and behavioral intentions of high school seniors prior to attending or not attending institutions of higher education were explored. Because of this age-group’s risk ...
Dietary Quality and Caloric Contribution of the Alternative Food Acquisitions of U.S. Low-income Households: Results from the National Food Acquisition and Purchasing Survey (Foodaps)

Low-income households may acquire foods from purchases, federal food assistance, and alternative food sources (AFS) to meet their food needs. The objectives of this study were to quantify and compa...
Entrance Fees: Self-Funded Agencies and the Economization of Immigration

This article examines the financing structure of the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS), an executive branch administrative agency that is almost entirely funded by fees paid by applicants and petitioners for immigration benefits. This article interrogates the fundamental economic and normative justifications for the use of user fees in the immigration context to argue that the USCIS’s funding structure is both inapt and ineffective at implementing Congress’s immigration policies. Moreover, by effectively shielding the executive branch from budgetary oversight, these user fees fund operations that are misaligned with Congress’s intent for the USCIS, which frustrates the constitutional system of checks and balances based on separation of powers principles. In short, the legal and economic rationales that have traditionally been used to justify user-fee funding for administrative agencies—to manage the availability of public goods, to control or promote externalities, to overcome information disparities, and to deter natural monopolies—all fail on their own terms as they do not reflect the realities of the immigration system. Two further justifications—notions of fairness and instrumental revenue enhancement—are more plausible conceptually and are thus more often invoked but are themselves fundamentally misaligned with the realities of the immigration and naturalization process.
New-generation pesticides are prevalent in California's Central Coast streams.

Abstract Pesticides are widely recognized as important biological stressors in streams, especially in heavily developed urban and agricultural areas like the Central California Coast region. We assessed occurrence and potential toxicity of pesticides in small streams in the region using two analytical methods: a broad-spectrum (223 compounds) method in use since 2012 and a newly developed method for 30 additional new-generation fungicides and insecticides. At least one pesticide compound was identified in 83 of the 85 streams sampled. About one-half (48%) of the 253 pesticides measured were detected at least once and 27 were detected in 10% or more of samples. Three of the top 4, and 6 of the top 10 most frequently detected compounds (chlorantraniliprole, dinotefuran, boscalid, thiamethoxam, clothianidin and the fluopicolide degradate 2,6-dichlorobenzamide) were analyzed by the new method. Pesticide mixtures were common, with two or more pesticide compounds detected in 81% of samples and 10 or more in 32% of samples. The pesticide count at a site was relatively consistent over the 6-week study. Four sites with mixed land-use in the lower basin (
Assessment and Modification of Coronary-Prone Behavior

The coronary-prone behavior pattern or personality style has been a central focus of the developing fields of health psychology and behavioral medicine for several decades. It has also been the subject of considerable controversy, with opinions ranging from general acceptance (Cooper, Detre, & Weiss, 1981) to outright condemnation (Angell, 1985). One product of this vigorous debate has been a change in the conceptual and empirical description of coronary-prone behavior. Additionally, models of the psychosomatic mechanisms linking behavior and disease have both broadened and become more detailed (Siegman & Dembroski, 1989). During this period of evolution and refinement of issues, important demonstrations of the potential clinical utility of interventions for coronary-prone behavior have appeared (Friedman et al., 1986). Although one must consider these treatment-outcome studies preliminary as they await replication, this intervention research suggests that valuable health-care benefits may accrue from the decades-long investment in research on this concept.
The Extended Principle of Duality

We have seen many instances in which the property of Baire has played a role analogous to measurability. A typical example is the following, which is a restatement of Theorem 5.5.
Use of chlorine-36 data to evaluate fracture flow and transport models at Yucca Mountain, Nevada

An extensive set of 36 Cl data has been collected in the Exploratory Studies Facility (ESF), an 8 km long tunnel at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, for the purpose of developing and testing conceptual models of flow and transport at this site. These data have been used in conjunction with a numerical model to establish upper and lower bounds on infiltration rates, estimate groundwater ages, evaluate hydrologic parameters for fractured volcanic tuff, and develop a conceptual model for the distribution of fast flow paths. At several locations, the measured signals are high enough to be unambiguous indicators of at least a small component of bomb-pulse 36 Cl fallout from atmospheric testing of nuclear devices in the 1950s and 1960s, implying that some fraction of the water traveled from the ground surface to the level of the ESF during the last 50 years. Characterization of the structural settings of these samples as well as predictive modeling generally support the conceptual model that a through-cutting fault in conjunction with sufficient infiltration would be required to transmit bomb-pulse 36 Cl to the sample depth in less than 50 years. Away from such fault zones, the ages of water samples at the ESF appear to be significantly controlled by the thickness of the nonwelded tuff between the ground surface and the ESF.
Sequence structure relationships in metalloproteins—II: A proposed coordination model for plastocyanine☆

Abstract Examination of sequence data for the blue proteins plastocyanine and azurin reveals a strong homology in the C-terminal region, suggesting a copper binding site composed of one Cys, one Met and one or two His. Contrary to previous reports, Trp is shown to be an improbable coordinating residue. The chemical nature of the proposed active site is discussed with respect to its metabolic consequences. In addition, evolutionary implications of the homologies in the blue copper proteins are discussed.
Abstract 81: Effect of HSP90 inhibition on the gene expression profile of MDM2 transfected LNCaP-MST prostate cancer cells

Proceedings: AACR 106th Annual Meeting 2015; April 18-22, 2015; Philadelphia, PA The heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) is a major molecular chaperone of the cell that appears to be a master regulator of the stability and activity of multiple oncoproteins such as HER2, Akt, Bcr-Abl, c-Kit, EGFR and BRAF. Recent approaches have revealed that most of the target proteins of HSP90 are protein kinases or transcription factors which play important roles in the cellular carcinogenesis. The HSP90 also plays an important role in the regulation of cell cycle, proliferation, vascularization, invasion and metastasis of cancer cells, as well as in maintaining the stability and functions of several carcinogenic proteins involved in altering the signal transduction pathways of apoptosis. The 17-allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin (17-AAG) is a well known inhibitor of HSP90 and it was speculated that, this inhibitor may have particular value in the antitumor and angiostatic therapies. Hence, we were trying to determine the expression profile of the genes in the angiogenesis pathway following treatment of MDM2 overexpressing LNCaP-MST prostate cancer cells with 17-AAG. In the LNCaP-MST cells, the expression of genes such as TNF-α, MMP9 and TGFB1 were found to be significantly up-regulated compared to the LNCaP cells. Hence, MDM2 overexpression was suspected as the primary cause of these increases. However, after treating the LNCaP-MST cells with 10 μm 17-AAG for 24 hrs, several of these genes were significantly altered compared to the untreated LNCaP-MST cells. In particular, the 17-AAG treatment significantly down-regulated the expression of TNF-α, TGFB1, ID1, IL8 and F3 which are involved in the regulation of angiogenesis and tumor growth. The heat map and scatterplot analysis clearly confirmed the alterations in the expression levels of these genes following 17-AAG treatment. Cluster analysis further indicated that the gene expression patterns are positively correlated with the anti-angiogenic effects of 17-AAG treatment in LNCaP-MST cells compared to untreated cells. Our results offer convincing evidence to suggest that the inhibition of HSP90 can control both pro-angiogenic and cell proliferative signals in LNCaP-MST cells. (The financial support from the Royal Dames of Cancer Research Inc., Ft. Lauderdale, Florida is gratefully acknowledged). Citation Format: Thiagarajan Venkatesan, Ali Alaseem, Khalid Alhazzani, Appu Rathinavelu. Effect of HSP90 inhibition on the gene expression profile of MDM2 transfected LNCaP-MST prostate cancer cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 81. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-81
Advanced diagnostics and prognostics for gas turbine engine risk assessment

Real-time, integrated health monitoring of gas turbine engines that can detect, classify, and predict developing engine faults is critical to reducing operating and maintenance costs while optimizing the life of critical engine components. Statistical-based anomaly detection algorithms, fault pattern recognition techniques and advanced probabilistic models for diagnosing structural, performance and vibration related faults and degradation can now be developed for real-time monitoring environments. Integration and implementation of these advanced technologies presents a great opportunity to significantly enhance current engine health monitoring capabilities and risk management practices. This paper describes some novel diagnostic and prognostic technologies for dedicated, real-time sensor analysis, performance anomaly detection and diagnosis, vibration fault detection, and component prognostics. The technologies have been developed for gas turbine engine health monitoring and prediction applications which includes an array of intelligent algorithms for assessing the total 'health' of an engine, both mechanically and thermodynamically.
Object Persistence Enhances Spatial Navigation A Case Study in Smartphone Vision Science

Violations of spatiotemporal continuity disrupt performance in many tasks involving attention and working memory, but experiments on this topic have been limited to the study of moment-by-moment on-line perception, typically assessed by passive monitoring tasks. We tested whether persisting object representations also serve as underlying units of longer-term memory and active spatial navigation, using a novel paradigm inspired by the visual interfaces common to many smartphones. Participants used key presses to navigate through simple visual environments consisting of grids of icons (depicting real-world objects), only one of which was visible at a time through a static virtual window. Participants found target icons faster when navigation involved persistence cues (via sliding animations) than when persistence was disrupted (e.g., via temporally matched fading animations), with all transitions inspired by smartphone interfaces. Moreover, this difference occurred even after explicit memorization of the re...
A preliminary investigation of the new and revised symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder in DSM-5.

BACKGROUND: Research has shown that posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is highly comorbid with other mental disorders. The DSM-5 marks an opportunity to increase the differential diagnosis of PTSD by emphasizing symptoms that are specific to PTSD and deemphasizing symptoms that are common to many mental disorders. This study analyzes the new and revised PTSD symptom criteria proposed for DSM-5 by examining their relations with diagnoses and measures of PTSD. In addition, we report the specificity of DSM-5 symptoms with PTSD compared to depressive disorders and substance use. METHODS: This study utilized pre- and postdeployment data collected from a sample of 213 National Guard Brigade Combat Team soldiers who were deployed to Iraq. Questionnaire data were collected pre- and postdeployment and interview data were collected postdeployment. Scales to measure the DSM-5 symptoms were created using structural analyses and were correlated with interview and self-report measures of PTSD, depression, and substance use. RESULTS: The DSM-5 symptom of anger shows the most increase from pre- to postdeployment in participants diagnosed with PTSD. In addition, this scale showed the strongest relation to PTSD and showed some evidence of specificity. Other symptom scales, including those measuring negative expectations and aggressive behaviors, showed equivalent correlations with PTSD, depression, and substance use. CONCLUSIONS: It will be important to continue studying the specificity of anger with PTSD. Several of the other new and revised DSM-5 symptoms appear to be nonspecific, and it is unlikely that their inclusion in the diagnostic criteria for PTSD will improve differential diagnosis. Language: en
Surface-induced charge disturbances and piezoelectricity in insulating crystals

The charge disturbance induced by a surface in a three-dimensional insulating crystal is studied in the self-consistent-field approximation, when the surface is parallel to one of the lowest-index crystal planes. The disturbance is shown to decay exponentially into the interior of the crystal with a decay rate which depends only on the band structure of the infinite crystal and the position of the Fermi level relative to any surface states that may be formed. We then show that the macroscopic piezoelectric response of a semiconducting crystal does not depend on the way in which the crystal is terminated, thus resolving a previous controversy.
Background clean-up in Brillouin microspectroscopy of scattering medium.

Brillouin spectroscopy is an emerging tool for microscopic optical imaging as it allows for non-contact, non-invasive, direct assessment of the elastic properties of materials. However, strong elastic scattering and stray light from various sources often contaminate the Brillouin spectrum. A molecular absorption cell was introduced into the virtually imaged phased array (VIPA) based Brillouin spectroscopy setup to absorb the Rayleigh component, which resulted in a substantial improvement of the Brillouin spectrum quality.
Theoretical investigation of the interfacial stability of inviscid fluids in motion, considering surface tension

The present work is an analytical study of the stability of interfaces between fluids in motion, special attention being given to the role of surface tension without consideration of viscous effects. A variational approach based upon the principle of minimum free energy, which was first formulated for stagnant fluids, is applied to fluids in motion. This generalization is possible if viscous and inertia effects are unimportant as far as stability is concerned. One stability problem is studied in detail: a gas jet impinging on a free liquid. The analytical results obtained by this variational technique lie within the range of accuracy (15%) of the experimental results for this gas-jet problem. The method is very general and therefore can be applied to quite a number of interface stability problems.
Professional Portfolios for Librarians

A portfolio is an invaluable tool for librarians in any stage of their career. A portfolio can be used to document skills and accomplishments, and give managers tangible evidence of a librarian's s...
Prospect of anaerobic co-digestion of dairy manure: a review

Dairy manure is an abundant waste in dairy farming and poses handling, storage and disposal challenges. With poor management, dairy manure produces odour, ammonia and releases greenhouse gases that contribute to global warming. Anaerobic digestion (AD) is a means to produce renewable energy and to reduce environmental impacts resulting from improper management of dairy manure. Dairy manure AD suffers from low biogas production per unit mass, hence it is costly per unit volume. To improve biogas production per unit volume, anaerobic co-digestion of dairy manure is one of the methods used to enhance biogas production. This article reviews various approaches and challenges of co-digestion to enhance biogas production and methane yield that have been used in the last decade. Substrate selection and prediction of biogas production based on chemical oxygen demand are the main areas of focus. Process inhibition by co-substrates is also examined.
Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation of a Monoclonal Antibody and Nonmonotonic Influence of Hofmeister Anions

Liquid-liquid phase separation was studied for a monoclonal antibody in the monovalent salt solutions of KF, KCl, and KSCN under different pH conditions. A modified Carnahan-Starling hard-sphere model was utilized to fit the experimental data, establish the liquid-liquid coexistence curve, and determine antibody-antibody interactions in the form of Tc (critical temperature) under the different solution conditions. The liquid-liquid phase separation revealed the complex relationships between antibody-antibody interactions and different solution conditions, such as pH, ionic strength, and the type of anion. At pH 7.1, close to the pI of the antibody, a decrease of Tc versus ionic strength was observed at low salt conditions, suggesting that the protein-protein interactions became less attractive. At a pH value below the pI of the antibody, a nonmonotonic relationship of Tc versus ionic strength was apparent: initially as the ionic strength increased, protein-protein interactions became more attractive with the effectiveness of the anions following the inverse Hofmeister series; then the interactions became less attractive following the direct Hofmeister series. This nonmonotonic relationship may be explained by combining the charge neutralization by the anions, perhaps with the ion-correlation force for polarizable anions, and their preferential interactions with the antibody.
Mirror symmetry of newly divided rat periodontal ligament fibroblasts in situ and its relationship to cell migration.

A dramatic increase in proliferation of endothelial, paravascular cells, and PDL fibroblasts occurs during orthodontic tooth movement. The development of mirror symmetry in newly divided fibroblast daughter cell pairs in the rat periodontal ligament was studied. Periodontal ligament fibroblasts loose their polarity and the normal organization of their organelles during cell division. Daughter cells, however, regain polarity and organization of their organelles to form mirror images of each other within 10 hours after cell division starts. Cellular polarity begins to appear with projection of a distal cell process at late telophase. Polarization is completed between late telophase and cytokinesis by shifting the RER and Golgi complex from the cleavage plane area to a juxtanuclear position facing the distal cell process. The majority of the newly divided fibroblasts formed mirror images in orientation and organization of organelles prior to cell migration. The distal cell process is the leading edge; i.e., the nuclear-Golgi axis points toward the direction of movement.