cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Validity and Reliability of the Leisure Assessment Inventory.

The validity and reliability of the Leisure Assessment Inventory, a tool developed to measure leisure behavior as it applies to adults with mental retardation, was examined. Leisure behavior was assessed using four indexes: Leisure Activity Participation, Leisure Preference, Leisure Interest, and Leisure Constraints. The inventory was administered to 92 adults, ages 30 and older, with mild to moderate mental retardation. Two indexes (Leisure Activity Participation and Leisure Interest) demonstrated higher reliability from test to retest whereas the remaining two (Leisure Preference and Leisure Constraints) showed only moderate consistency. Overall findings provide evidence of the inventory's stability, consistency, convergent and discriminant validity, and construct validity.
Description and Characterization of a Linear-Flow Outer Gas Flow Torch for Inductively Coupled Plasma Emission Spectroscopy

An inductively coupled plasma torch has been developed which utilizes linear coolant gas flows and is operated at reduced applied power levels and argon gas consumption rates. The linear flow torch (LiFT) is constructed by the addition of a machined insert between the outer and intermediate tubing of a conventional tangential flow torch (TaFT). This LiFT configuration has been demonstrated to be capable of providing improved detection limits, in comparison to a TaFT, at conditions of lower power and gas flow. Under those conditions the LiFT was also demonstrated to produce less severe interferences to analyte emission in the presence of an easily ionizable element.
Liquid scintillators using 1-methylnaphthalene

Abstract Liquid scintillators containing 1-methylnaphthalene were prepared and their properties determined. After purification of the commercially available 1-methylnaphthalene by chromatography on an acidic grade of activated alumina, solutions containing 1 g/1 POPOP have a relative pulse height (γ-excitation) equal to conventional xylene- or toluene-based scintillators. Pulse height is proportional to the Compton recoil energy. Possible areas of application of 1-methylnapthalene include its use in large-volume scintillators because of its high flash point (112°C) and density (1.02); as a secondary solvent in xylene and p -dioxane based scintillators; in studies of energy transfer processes; and to distinguish between particles of different kinds by the pulse-shape discrimination method. 1-Methylnaphthalin enhaltende Flussigkeitsszintillatoren wurden hergestellt und ihre Eigenschaften festgestellet. Nach Raffination des technischen Napthalines mittels Chromatographie auf einer sauren Art von aktivierter Tonerde haben Losungen von 1 g/l POPOP eine relative Impulshohe (γ Anregung) gleich der gebrauchlichen Xylol oder Toluol enthaltenden Szintallotoren. Die Impulshohe ist der Compton Ruckstossenergie proportional. Mogliche Erwendungen von 1-Methylnaphthalin sind unter anderen: Gebrauch in Grosskammer Szintillatoren wegen seines hohen Flammpunkters (112°C) und Dichte (1,02); als sekundares Losungsmittel in auf Xylol und p -Dioxane basierten Zzintalloren; bei Studien von Energie-Ubertragungsprozessen und zur Unterscheidung zwischen verschiedenen Arten von Teilchen mittels auf Impulsform basierter Methoden.
A decomposition approach for facility location and relocation problem with uncertain number of future facilities

Abstract In this paper, we discuss two challenges of long term facility location problem that occur simultaneously; future demand change and uncertain number of future facilities. We introduce a mathematical model that minimizes the initial and expected future weighted travel distance of customers. Our model allows relocation for the future instances by closing some of the facilities that were located initially and opening new ones, without exceeding a given budget. We present an integer programming formulation of the problem and develop a decomposition algorithm that can produce near optimal solutions in a fast manner. We compare the performance of our mathematical model against another method adapted from the literature and perform sensitivity analysis. We present numerical results that compare the performance of the proposed decomposition algorithm against the exact algorithm for the problem.
Precipitation and crystallization of insulin in the presence of lysozyme and salmine.

Abstract 1. 1. During a search for new crystalline derivatives of insulin for X-ray study, a re-examination was carried out of the co-precipitation of insulin with salmine and lysozyme. A new lysozyme-containing insulin crystal was prepared and improved techniques of preparing the crystalline protamine-insulin described earlier by Krayenbuhl and Rosenberg were developed. 2. 2. We confirmed that insulin and salmine co-precipitate in a 5:1 molar ratio at pH 7.3, in accordance with earlier reports. The 8:1 molar ratio found for insulin-lysozyme precipitates at this pH was twice that reported previously. 3. 3. Crystalline derivatives were grown from phosphate buffer solutions of insulin containing NaCl, m -cresol, and relatively small amounts of either salmine or lysozyme (molar ratios: insulin/salmine = 28:1 and insulin/lysozyme = 47:1). Both preparations gave crystals large enough (about 250 μ) for X-ray measurements to be made. The salmine-containing crystals are tetragonal, and the lysozyme-containing crystals are orthorhombic. Amino acid analyses established the following molar ratios: insulin/ salmine = 12:1, insulin/lysozyme = 18:1. 4. 4. In both crystals, the amount of non-insulin peptide present is too small for the basic component to form part of the ordered crystal structure. Nonetheless, salmine or lysozyme is essential for crystal formation and growth, and determines the type of crystal produced.
On blocked poisson processes in risk theory

Abstract We consider an insurance risk which has a propensity to produce claims in a Poisson process. However, upon the occurrence of each claim, the risk is blocked (immune) from producing more claims for a certain period of time. The length of the blocked period is assumed to be a random variable. Upon the expiration of each blocking period, the risk resumes its propensity to produce claims. It is assumed that the duration of the blocking period depends on the size of the claim producing the blocked period. Let S ( t ) be the aggregate claims produced in the time period (0, t ]. An expression for the moment generating function of S ( t ) is given. It is proved that E[ S ( t )] = E[ X i ]E[ N ( t )], where X i is the size of the i th claim and N ( t ) is the number of claims in (0, t ]. The asymptotic normality of S ( t ) is established.
A new construction of Riemann surfaces with corona

f lg l + . . . + fngn =1 ; equivalently [8, VIII.2], the corona .AA(X) \ t(X) is empty. (Here .All(X) is the maximal ideal space of the algebra H ~ (X) of bounded holomorphic functions on X and t is the natural inclusion X '-+ .M(X).) If X does not satisfy the corona theorem, then X may be said to have corona. Riemann surfaces known to satisfy the corona theorem include the unit disk [3], bordered Riemann surfaces [1, 16], and various classes of planar domains [10, 14]. The question of whether general planar domains satisfy the corona theorem is open. The first construction of a Riemann surface with corona is due to Cole [7]. The goal of this paper is to prove the following.
Testing Miller wavelength scaling of the second-order nonlinear coefficients of KNbO3, KTiOPo4, KTiOAsO4, LiNbO3, LiIO3, beta-BaB2O4, KH2OP4, and LiB3O5

We combine our new measurements of nonlinear coefficients over a range of wavelengths with previous values to compare their wavelength variation with that predicted by Miller scaling. We conclude that Miller scaling is a good approximation in most cases.
Heavy atom and complexation effects on micelle stabilized room temperature phosphorescence of anthracene, acridine and phenazine

Abstract Micelle stabilized room temperature phosphorescence is reported for two pyridinic nitrogen molecules, phenazine and acridine and the carbocyclic analogue, anthracene. The formation of a complex between silver and the pyridinic nitrogen is proposed, through which silver enhances phosphorescence by both the external heavy atom effect and donor—acceptor complexation. Thallium forms a weaker complex and is much less effective in inducing phosphorescence in the pyridinic heterocycles. Apparent prototropic equilibria for acridine in micellar solution reflect substantial differences between bulk phase pH and apparent pH in the region of the micellar assembly where the acridine resides. Fluorescence quantum yields and wavelength maxima are reported for anthracene, acridine and phenazine in sodium dodecyl sulfate micellar solution.
Self-Association of Transmembrane Domains of ErbB2 Receptors in Cholesterol-Containing Membranes

The transmembrane domain of ErbB2 receptors presents two separate GxxxG motifs that are proposed to be connected to stability and activity of the dimer. Recently developed parallel Monte Carlo methods are employed to study the association of ErbB2 TM domains in cholesterol-containing membranes with coarse-grained models that retain a level of amino-acid specificity. Extensive sampling along separation between the two helices shows that GxxxG motifs play a critical role during the recognition stage. In pure phospholipid bilayers association occurs by contacts formed at the C-terminus promoted by the presence of phenylalanine residues. Helices subsequently rotate to eventually form a stable dimer favored by lipid entropic contributions. In contrast, at intermediate cholesterol concentrations a different pathway is followed that involves dimers with a weaker interface towards the N-terminus. However, at high cholesterol content, a switch towards the C-terminus is observed with an overall non-monotonic change of the dimerization affinity. This conformational switch modulated by cholesterol has important implications on the thermodynamic, structural and kinetic characteristics of helix-helix association in lipid membranes.[1] Janosi L. and Doxastakis M., “Accelerating flat-histogram methods for potential of mean force calculations”, J. Chem. Phys., 131, 054105 (2009)[2] Janosi L., Prakash A. and Doxastakis M., “Lipid-Modulated sequence-specific association of Glycophorin A in membranes”, Biophys. J., 99, 284-292 (2010)[3] Prakash A., Janosi L. and Doxastakis M., “Self-association of models of transmembrane domains of ErbB receptors in a lipid bilayer”, Biophys. J., 99, 3657-3665 (2010)[4] Prakash A., Janosi L. and Doxastakis M., “GxxxG motifs, phenylalanine and cholesterol guide the self-association of transmembrane domains of ErbB2 receptors”, Biophys. J., in press
Personality Assessment Inventory Scale Characteristics and Factor Structure in the Assessment of Alcohol Dependency

Individual scale characteristics and the inventory structure of the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI; Morey, 1991) were examined by conducting internal consistency and factor analyses of item and scale score data from a large group (N = 301) of alcohol-dependent patients. Alpha coefficients, mean inter-item correlations, and corrected item-total scale correlations for the sample paralleled values reported by Morey for a large clinical sample. Minor differences in the scale factor structure of the inventory from Morey's clinical sample were found. Overall, the findings support the use of the PAI in the assessment of personality and psychopathology of alcohol-dependent patients.
Resection of a giant primary synovial sarcoma of the inferior vena cava extending into the right atrium with caval reconstruction under cardiopulmonary bypass and circulatory arrest

Background Synovial sarcoma primarily arises in para-articular locations of the extremities. However, numerous unique sites of origin have been reported. There are only 5 known cases of primary intravascular synovial sarcoma. Methods We present the second reported case of synovial sarcoma arising from the inferior vena cava (IVC) in a 41-year-old woman with progressive fatigue, abdominal distension, and lower-extremity swelling. This is the first known case with a monophasic histological subtype. Results The tumor arose from the retrohepatic IVC with cephalad extension into the right atrium. Excision required cardiopulmonary bypass and deep hypothermic circulatory arrest, followed by bovine pericardial patch reconstruction of the IVC. Conclusions Primary synovial sarcoma of the IVC is rare. The use of cardiopulmonary bypass with or without deep hypothermic circulatory arrest may be required if there is tumor extension into the heart. Bovine pericardium is an excellent material for caval reconstruction.
THORIUM AND URANIUM ISOTOPES IN SEAWATER AND SEDIMENTS

Abstract Thorium concentrations in three open Pacific Ocean water samples had values of n × 10 −10 grams/liter , concentrations similar to those previously measured in the Atlantic. Radioactive disequilibrium exists between the dissolved forms of 228 Th and 232 Th and the dissolved, excess unsupported 228 Th apparently is introduced by the input of 228 Ra from the particulate phases containing 232 Th. The 230 Th/ 232 Th ratios in seawater are similar to those taken from the surface sediments in the same area. Differences in the 230 Th/ 232 Th ratios in barite and foraminifera extracted from the same levels in sediments are suggestive of differences in the ratio between surface and deep ocean waters.
Motor cortex-pyramidal effects on single ankle flexor and extensor motoneurons of the cat

Abstract Descending volleys were initiated by stimulation of the pericruciate cortex in the “pyramidal” cat preparation. Single motoneuron units were isolated by subdissection of selected ventral roots of the lumbosacral spinal segments. The identity of the isolated motoneuron unit was ascertained by conventional methods, utilizing stimulation of isolated peripheral nerves of the sciatic distribution. Only neurons identified as belonging to the populations innervating the medial and lateral heads of the gastrocnemius muscle, the soleus muscle and the ankle flexor muscles were studied. The results obtained confirmed and extended our previous observations which demonstrated that flexor motoneurons are predominantly facilitated by motor cortex volleys and extensor motoneurons are inhibited by the same volleys. In addition, it was possible to demonstrate cortical facilitation of some ankle extensor motoneurons. Such facilitation could not be demonstrated in earlier studies in which the monosynaptic reflex of the entire motoneuron population was employed for testing cortical effects. The temporal patterns of cortical effects on single motoneurons of a homonymous population differed for different units in the same preparation. Since systematic variation of cortical stimulation parameters and of site of stimulation of the motor cortex did not change these differences in cortically evoked unit patterns within the same population, it is assumed that these differences in cortically evoked patterns may be of functional significance.
IgA Glomerulonephritis, Asymptomatic Hematuria, and Systemic Disease

Isolated persistent or recurrent hematuria is a common diagnostic problem in clinical practice. When extrarenal causes of hematuria are carefully excluded, a renal biopsy is usually indicated. Most often, light microscopy discloses a mild form of focal glomerulonephritis often indistinguishable from that seen in Henoch-Scholein purpura (HSP) or in some patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. The routine use of immunofluorescence and electron microscopy techniques has expanded our understanding of the conditions associated with renal hematuria. 1-4 A wellrecognized clinicopathologic entity is IgA glomerulonephritis, first described by Berger and Hinglais 5 in 1968. This disease is characterized by preponderant mesangial deposits of IgA with or without IgG or C3 deposition. 6,7 The clinical course is usually benign, proteinuria is usually minimal, and gross hematuria typically develops in association with upper respiratory tract infections. 5-7 Hypertension and progression to renal failure are not as rare as originally thought. 7,8 Nephrotic syndrome and
Patterns and prevalence of smokeless tobacco use by high school seniors in New York.

: Patterns and prevalence of smokeless tobacco use by high school seniors in New York state were identified in this study. A questionnaire was administered to a sample of 10% of each senior class in 96 randomly selected public and nonpublic secondary schools in New York; 1,830 students participated. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, t-tests, and chi-square tests. Comparisons were made by gender, hometown status, concurrent use of smokeless tobacco and cigarettes, and smokeless tobacco use versus cigarette smoking. Results revealed a significant difference existed between males and females and between urban and rural smokeless tobacco use (p = .05). Use of chewing tobacco related significantly to use of cigarettes (p = .05). A significant difference existed between prevalence of cigarette smoking and smokeless tobacco use (p = .05). Smokeless tobacco use by high school seniors in New York is predominantly a habit of rural males. Use of chewing tobacco is related to cigarette smoking, and smokeless tobacco was less prevalent than cigarette smoking in the sample (p = .05). Further research on the relationship between smokeless tobacco and cigarette smoking should be conducted. Use of chemical assays or the bogus pipeline to validate self-reported data is recommended. Identified high-risk groups such as rural males should receive particular attention in future research efforts.
Glucocorticoids stimulate transcription of the rat phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT) gene in vivo and in vitro.

1. PhenylethanolamineN-methyltransferase (PNMT) is regulated by glucocorticoid hormones. This study investigates the ability of glucocorticoids to modulate transcription of the rat PNMT genein vivo andin vitro. 2. In the adrenal glands of hypophysectomized (HPX'd) rats, the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone (DEX) stimulates production of PNMT mRNA. Quantitative hybridization reveals that the levels of PNMT mRNA increase approximately threefold in total and poly(A)+ RNA after 4 days of DEX treatment of HPX'd rats, a level which is maximal for this treatment. 3. ACTH, the hormonal stimulus of glucocorticoid biosynthesis in the adrenal cortex, enhances PNMT mRNA production to levels comparable to that achieved with DEX in this system. The steroid responsiveness of PNMT message production is specific for glucocorticoids. DEX also increases PNMT mRNA in the brain stem, although the magnitude and speed of response are lower than observed in the adrenal gland. 4. Additional confirmation of the inductive ability of glucocorticoids is demonstrated by the increase in PNMT immunoprecipitated following translationin vitro of adrenal RNAs from DEX-treated rats. Furthermore, the PNMT mRNA signal obtained byin situ hybridization histochemistry in adrenal sections and in primary cultures of dispersed rat adrenal medullae reveals that DEX effects on PNMT mRNA can be elicited bothin vivo andin vitro. 5. Specifically, glucocorticoids exert their effects on expression of PNMT mRNA by elevating the rate of PNMT gene transcription: a 2.3-fold increase in PNMT transcription persists for 18 hr following DEX treatment of HPX'd rats. In summary, this study establishes that glucocorticoids directly and rapidly stimulate transcription of the rat PNMT gene.
Impression formation of tests: retrospective judgments of performance are higher when easier questions come first

Four experiments are reported on the importance of retrospective judgments of performance (postdictions) on tests. Participants answered general knowledge questions and estimated how many questions they answered correctly. They gave higher postdictions when easy questions preceded difficult questions. This was true when time to answer each question was equalized and constrained, when participants were instructed not to write answers, and when questions were presented in a multiple-choice format. Results are consistent with the notion that first impressions predominate in overall perception of test difficulty.
Effects of interactions among genotypically diverse nestmates on task specialization by foraging honey bees (Apis mellifera)

Recent studies have shown that differences in patterns of task specialization among nestmate honeybee workers (Apis mellifera) can be explained, in part, as a consequence of genotypic variability. Here, we present evidence supporting the hypothesis that an individual's pattern of task specialization is affected not only by her own genotype, but, indirectly, by the genotypes of her nestmates. Workers from two strains of honey bees, one selected for high pollen hoarding, the other for low pollen hoarding, were observed in colonies of their respective parent strains and in colonies of the other strain. Worker genotype and host-colony type affected foraging activity. Workers from the high strain fostered in low-strain colonies returned with pollen on 75.6% of total foraging trips, while workers from the high strain fostered in high-strain colonies returned with pollen on 53.5% of total trips. Workers from the low strain fostered in low-strain colonies returned with pollen on 34.8% of total foraging trips while workers from the low strain fostered in high-strain colonies returned with pollen on 2.6% of total trips. Similar results were obtained in a second experiment. We suggest that workers influence the behavior of their nestmates indirectly through their effects on the shared colony environment. The asymmetry seen in the response of workers from these strains to the two types of colony environments also suggests that these genotypes exhibit different norms of reaction.
Common stock returns in corporate takeover bids: Evidence from interstate bank mergers

Abstract Since 1982, a large number of interstate bank mergers have taken place within the legal framework of state statutes passed in response to the Douglas Amendment to the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956. This study investigates stock market reactions to the announcements of the mergers. In contrast to the findings of studies of non-financial mergers, this study documents significant positive announcement period excess returns for both bidding and target banks. The results imply that there may be factors unique to bank mergers that increase bidder returns relative to non-financial mergers. Several possible factors are discussed.
Influence of airflow rate on chip potato storage management

Through-the-pile ventilation is a common practice for potatoes stored in bulk. Research was initiated in 1986 to study the influence of ventilation rate on the temperature, moisture and market quality of bulk stored chip potatoes. Ventilation rates up to 168 m3 hr−1 t−1 were used. All ventilation rates achieved the required temperature and humidity control. Fan operation time (hours) was not reduced proportional to the increased ventilation rate. The higher ariflow resulted in proportionally less time being spent to correct pile temperature differentials. The Atlantic variety potatoes were utilized for potato chip production in all three seasons studied. Market quality after storage, measured by tuber sugar content, chip color and chip defects, was similar for all ventilation rates. For the last two storage seasons studies, the potatoes were marketed from the storage research bins at high levels of quality following 115 to 142 days of storage. Average weight losses for the airflow rates used were not statistically different. However, potato weight loss uniformity was proportional to increased ventilation rates.
Modeling and simulation of neutron induced changes and temperature annealing of Neff and changes in resistivity in high resistivity silicon detectors

Abstract A model based on various single levels with different charge states (acceptors, donors, neutral, etc.) created by neutron radiation is proposed to describe the changes of effective doping density in the space charge region N eff (SCR) and resistivity in the electrical neutral bulk ϱ (ENB). This model explains well the effects of donor removal at low fluences, N eff (SCR) increase with n-fluence ( φ n ) at high fluence (“type-inversion” in SCR), and the increase of resistivity in the ENB with φ n . The annealing of each single level with charged state is modeled by an activation energy E a which gives the dependence of annealing time constant τ on the annealing temperature. The model describes well the observed effect of RT reverse anneal of N eff (SCR), which is probably caused by the difference of annealing time constants of a donor level (long τ) and an acceptor level (short τ). The model also predicts that there is an annealing temperature window, which is about 0°C, that would freeze the N eff (SCR) at the “minimum” value for a few years before the reverse anneal. A −20°C anneal, however, would freeze N eff (SCR) at the as-irradiated value, which is about 1.5–3 times higher than the “minimum value”. The model also suggests that low resistivity (200 Ω cm to 1 kΩ cm) starting material may be harder in terms of N eff (SCR) for detectors to be within a working window of | N eff (SCR)| 12 / cm 3 ( V fd = 180 V, 300 μ m) after about 1×10 14 n/cm 2 neutron radiation.
Effects of Dielectric and Steam Heating Treatments on the Pre‐Storage and Storage Color Characteristics of Pecan Kernels

Pecan kernels were subjected to steam conditioning and dielectric heating treatments and evaluated initially and during 16 wk of accelerated storage to determine temperature effects on color characteristics. Steam conditioning treatments, which raised kernel temperature to 93°C, caused significantly greater darkening of the kernels initially and during storage than did dielectric heating to 88, 136, and 156°C. Comparison of mean Hunter color values of stored dielectrically heat-treated kernels and kernels that were frozen and maintained as control samples showed a stabilizing influence on kernel darkening by these heat treatments. Lightness (L values) of the kernels was increased by dielectric heating, Hunter a values did not differ significantly from the control, and the hue (θ) of the kernels was increased only by the 156°C dielectric heating treatment.
Survival of Human Adenovirus 41 in Land-Applied Manure and Biosolids

Human Adenovirus 41 (Ad41) is an important human enteric pathogen and widely prevalent in the environment. The aim of this study was to assess the survival of Ad41 based on genome stability and infectivity in different types of manure and three types of biosolids. For viral survival studies, Ad41 was added to pelletized poultry litter (PL), alum-treated poultry litter (AL), raw poultry litter (RPL), liquid dairy manure (DM), swine manure (SM), and three types of biosolids 1, 2, 3. All samples were stored at 20 or 4°C and analyzed every 10 days for up to 60 days. Quantification PCR (qPCR) standard curves were generated for PL, AL, biosolids 1, and DM to measure the number of viral genomic copies remaining in the samples. To study the infectivity, all contaminated manure/biosolids samples were added to mammalian cell culture and viral mRNA was detected using one-step RT–PCR. Overall, Ad41 viral genomes were stable at both 20 and 4°C and there was no significant loss of viral DNA after 60 days in PL, AL, biosolids type 1, and DM. However, infectivity was lost almost immediately in high pH biosolids type 2 and 3, and infectivity decreased quickly in DM, with estimated T90 of 4.3 and 8.7 days at 20 and 4°C, respectively. Ad41 had ~1.9 log loss of infectivity after added in SM and biosolids type 1 at day 0, and estimated T90 was 12.5 and 28.6 days for biosolids type 1, and 19.1 and 51.0 days for SM at 20 and 4°C, respectively. Ad41 maintained infectivity in all three poultry litter, and after 60 days incubation, there were significantly more infectious virus in PL, AL, and RPL than biosolids 1, SM, and DM at 20°C.
Rhonite in Luna 24 pyroxenes: First find from the Moon, and implications for volatiles in planetary magmas

Grains ofrhonite have been discovered in magmatic inclusions in augite grains of the lunar regolith from Mare Crisium, returned to Earth by the Russian Luna 24 spacecraft. These rhonite grains are up to 8 μm long, pleochroic from tan to dark brown, and associated with ulvospinel and silica-rich glass. Electron microprobe analysis gives a composition near end-member ferroan rhonite: (Ca 1.9 Mn 0.0 Na 0.1 ) (Fe 2+ 4.5 Mg 0.1 Al 0.3 Cr 0.0 )Ti 1.0 (Si 4 . 0 Al 2.0 )O 20 . The Raman spectrum of these grains is like those of terrestrial rhonites, and distinct from titanian amphiboles. Compositionally, rhonite plus silica plus water or halogens (F, Cl) is equivalent to titanian amphibole plus pyroxene, so the presence ofrhonite in lunar basaltic rock is consistent with the known low abundance of volatiles in the Moon. When calibrated, mineral reactions involving rhonite and titanian amphibole may provide quantitative constraints on fugacities of water, F, and Cl in basaltic magmas from the Moon and other planetary bodies.
Mechanism of Protection of Verapamil by Preventing Neutrophil Infiltration in the Ischemic Rat Kidney

In this study, we tested if the mechanism of protection of a calcium channel blocker, Verapamil (VER), was due to modulation of neutrophil infiltration after ischemia/reperfusion injury, in a rat renal ischemic model. Forty-four Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to 75 min of warm ischemia and immediate contralateral nephrectomy. The animals were divided into two groups: the ischemic control (IC) group, which received normal saline, and the experimental group that received VER 1.25 mg/kg. The drug was administrated intravenously after ligation of the renal pedicle, before reperfusion. Survival was followed for 7 days. Laboratory tests included renal function tests, with serum creatinine (SCr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN), light histology and neutrophil infiltration, measured by the myeloperoxidase test in renal tissue. Better survival rate was observed in the VER group (85% at 7 days vs control 50%) (P = 0.08). SCr and BUN at 48 and 72 hr showed a statistical significant difference between the two groups (VER lower than IC P < 0.05). Histological damage was significantly less in the VER group (P < 0.05). Neutrophil infiltration was significantly decreased in the VER group when compared to the IC group (P < 0.05). We concluded then, that VER had a downregulating effect on neutrophil infiltration and this might be an important mechanism of protection during the development of renal ischemic damage.
Ethics within the serials family

This paper raises and answers some basic questions related to ethical issues in business and personal transactions among serials publishers, vendors, and librarians. It describes a real case study of Kamkin, a serials vendor experiencing financial difficulties, as a springboard to review how to make ethical decisions. The author hopes it will provoke the reader to reflect upon the ethical components of individual actions and how to approach business relationships ethically. The principles noted here are equally applicable to those dealing with monographic or electronic-resources business transactions.
Modulation of prostanoid synthesis by antimicrobials

In summary, the results of this study are indicative that antibiotics can modify the synthesis of several prostanoids. A mixture of antimicrobials that is commonly used in culture media caused a decrease in the production of PGE2 and TXB2 (but not PGF(2a)). Testing of the individual component drugs produced results suggestive that the inhibitory activity resides in the streptomycin, penicillin and amphotericin being without effect in the concentrations tested. The prostaglandin synthase inhibitory effect of the streptomycin at concentrations used in tissue cultures is probably not of sufficient magnitude by itself to alter significantly prostaglandin production rates. It has been reported, however, that aminoglycoside antibiotics can also inhibit phospholipase C activity.
Thermal stability of molybdenum–silicon nitride–silicon Schottky diodes

Previously our group [Sobolewski et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 54, 638 (1988)] had demonstrated metal–thin insulator‐silicon Schottky diode structures which allow the Si Schottky barrier height to be adjusted over nearly the full range of the silicon band gap by an appropriate choice of insulator thickness and metal. However, previous attempts to achieve a structure with a high barrier height to a p type that is stable above 400 °C (using primarily titanium) have failed. In this paper we report on results for molybdenum, which has a stable tie line to SiO2 and Si3N4 in a metal–silicon–oxygen (nitrogen) ternary phase diagram which leads to a more stable system.
Information Acquisition and Technology Adoption

Summary form only given. We consider a discrete-time dynamic programming formulation of a technology adoption problem where a firm is offered a technology whose value is uncertain and possibly non-stationary. The firm can choose to adopt, reject or gather more information. After receiving the information, the firm updates beliefs in a Bayesian manner. We show that if the firm is more optimistic about the value of the technology, the optimal action moves towards adoption. Furthermore, if the precision of information increases, the firm obtains more value. These results hold without restricting the beliefs of the firm to a specific probability distribution; the ordering of distributions on "optimism" requires likelihood ratio dominance and the notions of "precision" uses Blackwell's notion of sufficiency
Community-Acquired Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus As a Cause of Fournier’s Gangrene

Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) has become an important pathogen in aggressive skin and soft-tissue infections in patients without risk factors for nosocomial infections. We describe a case of a previously healthy adult who developed fulminant sepsis from Fournier's gangrene caused by a strain of CA-MRSA containing the Panton-Valentine leukocidin genes.
Hydrogen exchange and abstraction in the H + CH4 system as calculated by the CNDO/2 method

Abstract The energies of several configurations of the CH5 radical (including those of D3h, C4v, and CS symmetry) have been calculated with the CNDO/2 method. Low energy paths for unexpected stereo-chemical processes, which may be important in the reactions of “hot” tritium atoms, are predicted to exist within this framework.
An achievable rate region for distributed source coding with reconstruction of an arbitrary function of the sources

A new rate region is presented for a general framework of distributed source coding where the decoder is interested in lossy reconstruction of an arbitrary function of the sources. The coding scheme involves vector quantization of the sources followed by "correlated" binning. Nested linear codes are used for quantization and binning as against the more prevalent random codes. Our rate region recovers many known rate regions in distributed source coding while unifying them under the same general framework.
Bloody diarrhea, fever, and pancytopenia in a patient with active ulcerative colitis.

HISTORY OF PRESENT ILLNESS A 61-year-old woman with a history of ulcerative colitis (UC) was seen for treatment. She had persistent, profuse, watery diarrhea associated with intermittent abdominal cramping, anorexia, 16-pound weight loss, malaise, and bright red blood per rectum. These symptoms had been present since her first hospitalization for the same complaints 5 weeks earlier. She denied symptoms of fever, nausea, vomiting, joint pain, jaundice, or rash. At the time of her first hospitalization, the patient had pancytopenia. Her white blood count (WBC) was 1,800/mm3, hemoglobin (Hgb) level was 8.7 g/dL, and her platelet (Plt) count was 116,000/mm3. The patient’s absolute neutrophil count (ANC) was 400/mm3, and her absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) was 800/mm3. A bone marrow biopsy showed mildly hypercellular marrow with trilineage hematopoeisis and an increased number of early myeloid forms. Pancytopenia was thought to be either drug induced or secondary to viral gastroenteritis, and the patient was discharged home after discontinuation of her current medications. Despite this, and despite an initial response to growth factor support, the patient’s diarrhea persisted and pancytopenia recurred. UC had been diagnosed in 1994. The patient had never received treatment with corticosteroids. She had hypertension managed by weight loss. The patient gave a history of chronic anemia, but the exact degree and cause were uncertain. There was no history of blood transfusion in the last 40 years. The patient had undergone an appendectomy in her 20s and a bilateral tubal ligation in her 30s. When admitted, the patient was taking approximately six atropine/diphenoxylate tablets daily, a mesalamine enema at bedtime, and sucralfate 1 g, twice daily. There were no known drug allergies. Sulfa had caused vomiting in the past. The patient’s father died at 93 of Parkinson’s disease. Her mother was alive and well at 96. Her siblings and two children were all well. No one else in her family had inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The patient was a widow. She worked in a jewelry store and rarely traveled outside the United States. She quit the use of tobacco 20 years before, and rarely drank alcohol. Review of systems was positive only for the complaint of a fever blister on her right upper lip.
Vinylation of Enolates with a Vinyl Cation Equivalent: trans‐3‐Methyl‐2‐Vinylcyclohexanone

Vinylation of enolates with a vinyl cation equivalent: trans-3-methyl-2-vinylcyclohexanone intermediate: Dicarbonyl(cyclopentadienyl)(ethyl vinyl ether)iron tetrafluoroborate (1). intermediate: Dicarbonyl(cyclopentadientyl)(trans-3-methyl-2-vinylcyclohexanone)iron tetrafluoroborate (3). product: trans-3-Methyl-2-vinylcyclohexanone (4). Keywords: addition, to CC; alkylation, C-alkylation; alkylation, miscellaneous; metalation reactions, iron; metalation reactions, iron; reduction, miscellaneous; acetonitrile; assay methods, for methyllithium with 2-butanol, by double titration; copper(i) iodide; dicarbonyl(cyclopentadienyl)(ethyl vinyl ether)iron tetrafluoroborate; dicarbonyl(cyclopentadienyl)(trans-3-methyl-2-vinylcyclohexanone)iron tetrafluoroborate; sodium amalgam, 3%; tetrahydrofuran; chloroacetaldehyde diethyl acetal, irritant, mutagen; methyllithium, ethereal solution of; sodium amalgam, fire hazard
INVESTIGATION OF NANOPILLAR WICKING CAPABILITIES FOR HEAT PIPES APPLICATIONS

Since Moore’s prediction in 1965, transistor count density on computer chips has grown exponentially and roadmaps for future industry growth still project exponential development for the next decade. With higher transistor densities, greater heat flux dissipation is required in order for performance to keep par with chip development. However, it is theorized that current cooling systems would not be able to cope with heat fluxes of future computer chips. Microchip heat management systems can be either active or passive. Active systems require an external driving component that increases the system’s complexity and ultimately power consumption. Heat pipes are passive fluidic systems, which are more robust and easier to implement than their active counterparts. Recirculation of the coolant in a heat pipe is done passively by means of a wicking structure that induces capillary flow from the condenser to the evaporator. However, there are many limiting factors associated with heat pipes based on the wick dimensions, fluid selection and orientation. At CPU chip operating temperatures the most significant limitation is the capillary limit. This limitation must be addressed in order to meet future computer chip heat dissipation requirements. In order to find an optimal geometry that would maximize the capillary flow, a theoretical model was developed using a rectangular pillar array. Surface tension forces induce a capillary flow that is opposed by viscous stresses from the pillars. Due to the regular and well-defined geometry of the pillar array, an ab initio approach can be used to model this flow, rather than resorting to Darcy’s flow and empirical permeability correlations. Predicted values of maximum flow rate were obtained from this theoretical model. This model and its results are directly applicable to carbon nanotube (CNT) and nanowire (NW) based wick structures. To validate the merit of nanostructure wicks for use in heat pipes, experimental data was collected to show the capillary limits of various nanowicks. The capillary limit of a wick was associated with the heat flux at which the wick cannot sustain the fluid flow necessary for heat removal and burnout occurs. When a baseline wick was experimentally compared to a nanowick, it was found that due to the difference in thickness of the wicks, the baseline wick provided higher flow rates. However, when the data were normalized to produce velocity values, the nanowick was found to have a higher velocity than the baseline wicks.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
Etiology of retinoic acid-induced cleft palate varies with the embryonic stage

Retinoic acid (RA) has been shown to be teratogenic in many species, and 13-cis-RA is teratogenic in humans. Exposure to RA during embryonic morphogenesis produced a variety of malformations including limb defects and cleft palate. The type and severity of malformation depended on the stage of development exposed. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of RA exposure in vivo on different stages of palate development. These results were compared to effects observed after exposure in organ culture. The vehicle used in RA dosing was also shown to be a major factor in the incidence of RA-induced cleft palate. For the in vivo studies, RA (100 mg/kg) in 10 ml corn oil/kg was given p.o. on gestation day (GD) 10 or 12, and the embryos were examined on GD 14 and 16. Exposure to RA in an oil:DMSO vehicle resulted in much higher incidences of cleft palate than were observed after dosing with RA in oil only. After exposure on GD 10, to RA, small palatal shelves formed which did not make contact and fuse on GD 14. The medial cells did not undergo programmed cell death. Instead, the medial cells differentiated into a stratified, squamous, oral-like epithelium. The RA-exposed medial cells did not incorporate 3H-TdR on GD 14 or 16, but the cells expressed EGF receptors and bound 125I-EGF. In contrast, RA-induced clefting after exposure on GD 12 did not involve growth inhibition. Shelves of normal size formed and made contact, but because of altered medial cell differentiation did not fuse. Medial cells differentiated into a pseudostratified, ciliated, nasal-like epithelium. This response was produced in vivo at exposure levels which produced cleft palate, and after exposure of palatal shelves to RA in vitro from GD 12-15. The medial cells exposed on GD 12 incorporated 3H-TdR on GD 14, expressed EGF receptors, and bound 125I-EGF. The responses to RA which lead to cleft palate differed after exposure on GD 10 or 12, and the pathways of differentiation which the medial cells followed depended on the developmental stage exposed.
The Hilbert Series of the Face Ring of a Flag Complex

It is shown that the Hilbert series of the face ring of a clique complex (equivalently, flag complex) of a graph G is, up to a factor, just a specialization of \(\), the subgraph polynomial of the complement of G. We also find a simple relationship between the size of a minimum vertex cover of a graph G and its subgraph polynomial. This yields a formula for the h-vector of the flag complex in terms of those two invariants of \(\). Some computational issues are addressed and a recursive formula for the Hilbert series is given based on an algorithm of Bayer and Stillman.
A Calculus for Service Innovation

Innovation in the services area - especially in the electronic services (e-services) domain - can be characterized by six decision-oriented attributes: decision-driven, information-based, real-time, continuously-adaptive, customer- centric and computationally-intensive. These attributes constitute the decision informatics paradigm. In turn, decision informatics is supported by information and decision technologies and based on the disciplines of data fusion/analysis, decision modeling and systems engineering. Out of the nine major innovation enablers in the services area (i.e., decision informatics, software algorithms, automation, telecommunication, collaboration, standardization, customization, organization, and globalization), decision informatics is shown to be a necessary enabler. Furthermore, four innovation drivers (i.e., collaboration, customization, integration and adaptation) are identified; all four are directed at empowering the individual - that is, at recognizing that the individual can, respectively, contribute in a collaborative situation, receive customized or personalized attention, access an integrated system or process, and obtain adaptive real-time or just-in-time input. By employing this services innovation calculus, white spaces are identified for possible future innovations; they include those that can mitigate the unforeseen consequences or abuses of earlier innovations, safeguard our rights to privacy, protect us from the always-on, interconnected world, provide us with an authoritative search engine, and generate a GDP metric that can adequately measure the growing knowledge economy, one driven by intangible ideas and services innovation.
Taking AIM at a Moving Target: The Challenge of Improving on High-Performance Care

In the last half century, the challenge for clinicians in many areas of medicine has evolved from reaction, to prevention, to, most recently, population management. In hypertension, that evolution has meant a gradual broadening of responsibilities from treating the complications of hypertension to controlling blood pressure in individual patients over time, and now to controlling hypertension in an overall population, particularly in high-risk groups such as patients with diabetes mellitus. Disease management programs are now increasingly used to improve the reliability with which patients receive optimal care. These programs are often well conceived and executed. But experience is teaching us that even well-designed programs are surprisingly like medications—they may not work even when logic suggests that they should, and they may work differently, or may not work at all, in various patient populations. Article see p 2863 Thus, it is wise and appropriate that the evaluation of complex interventions in real-world settings has become a major national (and international) research priority, mandated by the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010 and carried out by federal agencies new (Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute) and old (Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Innovation, Agency for Healthcare Quality and Research, and others). Conducting and analyzing these interventions, although challenging, is critical to establishing their effectiveness and prioritizing allocation of scarce resources. In this issue of Circulation , Heisler et al1 have risen to this challenge by testing an evidence-based approach to the common and important problem of uncontrolled hypertension in patients with diabetes mellitus, in the Adherence and Intensification of Medications (AIM) trial. The intervention was a primary care-team based, pharmacist-led outreach program that was designed to address known provider- and patient-level barriers contributing to poor blood pressure control: lack of medication intensification and medication nonadherence. This intervention was compared to usual …
Effects of Slurry Particles on Silicon Dioxide CMP

force during polishing. 14,15 This paper presents further validation of the polishing mechanism using sol-gel silica slurries. The effects of particle size and solids loading on friction force and surface finish were studied to delineate the dynamic contact of particles during polishing.