cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Phenotypic vulnerability of energy balance responses to sleep loss in healthy adults

Short sleep duration is a risk factor for increased hunger and caloric intake, late-night eating, attenuated fat loss when dieting, and for weight gain and obesity. It is unknown whether altered energy-balance responses to sleep loss are stable (phenotypic) over time, and the extent to which individuals differ in vulnerability to such responses. Healthy adults experienced two laboratory exposures to sleep restriction separated by 60-2132 days. Caloric intake, meal timing and weight were objectively measured. Although there were substantial phenotypic differences among participants in weight gain, increased caloric intake, and late-night eating and fat intake, responses within participants showed stability across sleep restriction exposures. Weight change was consistent in both normal-weight and overweight adults. Weight change and increased caloric intake were more stable in men whereas late-night eating was consistent in both genders. This is the first evidence of phenotypic differential vulnerability and trait-like stability of energy balance responses to repeated sleep restriction, underscoring the need for biomarkers and countermeasures to predict and mitigate this vulnerability.
On the relationship between the feedback control of digestion and the temporal pattern of food intake.

One of the simplest experiments in animal psychology is a straightforward evaluation of the effects of time and amount on animal feeding preferences. At intervals an animal is offered a choice between two options: one leads to a small amount of food quickly, while the other leads to a much larger amount of food after a longer delay. In these situations, vertebrates abhor delay (I don't know of any studies with invertebrates). One can think of this pattern of preference as a situation in which increasing time devalues amount, and by fitting classic "decay" functions to this kind of data we can estimate the power of this effect. It is astonishing. For feeding bluejays (studied in my laboratory, Stephens et al., 1995) the "perceived value" of amount decays by roughly 10% per second (see Kagel et al., 1986 for cogent discussion of the quantitative behavior of this decay phenomenon). This temporal "discounting" of food, together with several similar phenomena studied in the operant laboratory, paints a picture in which consequences now are the primary determinants of animal feeding preferences. It is as if animals care only about the very short term (the next few seconds). Of course, a moment's reflection tells us that this can't be the whole story. Many features of animal feeding behavior seem to be organized (from an evolutionary point of view) for longer term goals. Clark's nutcrackers (Nucifraga columbiana) diligently harvest and cache piion seeds in the fall that they consume in the spring (Kamil and Balda, 1991). Migratory birds increase their food intake and put on weight several weeks ahead of actually beginning to migrate (Carpenter et al.,
Doctoral Students in Music Education: Occupational Identity, Career Intent and Commitment, and Confidence for Teaching in Higher Education

The purpose of this study was to examine music education doctoral students’ shifting occupational identity beliefs, career intent and commitment, and overall confidence for teaching in higher educa...
SU‐F‐J‐197: A Novel Intra‐Beam Range Detection and Adaptation Strategy for Particle Therapy

Purpose: In-vivo range detection/verification is crucial in particle therapy for effective and safe delivery. The state-of-art techniques are not sufficient for in-vivo on-line range verification due to conflicts among patient dose, signal statistics and imaging time. We propose a novel intra-beam range detection and adaptation strategy for particle therapy. Methods: This strategy uses the planned mid-range spots as probing beams without adding extra radiation to patients. Such choice of probing beams ensures the Bragg peaks to remain inside the tumor even with significant range variation from the plan. It offers sufficient signal statistics for in-beam positron emission tomography (PET) due to high positron activity of therapeutic dose. The probing beam signal can be acquired and reconstructed using in-beam PET that allows for delineation of the Bragg peaks and detection of range shift with ease of detection enabled by single-layered spots. If the detected range shift is within a pre-defined tolerance, the remaining spots will be delivered as the original plan. Otherwise, a fast re-optimization using range-shifted beamlets and accounting for the probing beam dose is applied to consider the tradeoffs posed by the online anatomy. Simulated planning and delivery studies were used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed techniques. Results: Simulations with online range variations due to shifts of various foreign objects into the beam path showed successful delineation of the Bragg peaks as a result of delivering probing beams. Without on-line delivery adaptation, dose distribution was significantly distorted. In contrast, delivery adaptation incorporating detected range shift recovered well the planned dose. Conclusion: The proposed intra-beam range detection and adaptation utilizing the planned mid-range spots as probing beams, which illuminate the beam range with strong and accurate PET signals, is a safe, practical, yet effective approach to address range uncertainty issues in particle therapy.
Cerebral microvascular endothelial cell Na-K-Cl cotransport: regulation by astrocyte-conditioned medium.

Brain microvascular endothelial cells play an important role in regulation of ion and fluid movement between the blood and the brain interstitium. Astrocytes have been shown to induce blood-brain b...
An Isolated Bidirectional Single-Stage DC–AC Converter Using Wide-Band-Gap Devices With a Novel Carrier-Based Unipolar Modulation Technique Under Synchronous Rectification

A novel carrier-based unipolar-sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM)-oriented modulation technique with synchronous rectification for isolated bidirectional single-stage high-frequency-ac link dc–ac converters using SiC MOSFET is presented in this paper. The dc–ac converter is composed of a full-bridge (FB) inverter cascaded with a cycloconverter through a high-frequency transformer. A carrier-based unipolar-SPWM-oriented modulation technique with synchronous rectification is proposed to realize zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) for the FB inverter and zero-current or zero-voltage-switching (ZVS/ZCS) for the cycloconverter in all load ranges, and to suppress the voltage spikes introduced by the transformer leakage inductance as well. In order to increase the switching frequency, efficiency, and power density, this paper proposes to utilize SiC MOSFETs for the converter. Synchronous rectification is implemented to further increase the converter efficiency. With the novel modulation technique, there are two switches in the cycloconverter that are continuously on at each interval, which eliminates on-fourth of the switching loss. A simulation model and a 400 VDC–240 VAC, 1.2=kW prototype have been developed to validate the effectiveness and performance of the proposed unipolar soft-switching modulation technique and SiC converter.
Parallel architectures for artificial neural nets

The authors advocate digital VLSI architectures for implementing a wide variety of artificial neural nets (ANNs). A programmable systolic array is proposed, which maximizes the strength of VLSI in terms of intensive and pipelined computing, yet circumvents its limitation on communication. The array is meant to be more general-purpose than most other ANN architectures proposed. It may be used for a variety of algorithms in both the search and learning phases of ANNs, e.g. single-layer recurrent nets (e.g. Hopfield nets) and multilayer feedforward nets (e.g. perceptron-like nets). Although design considerations for the learning phase are somewhat more involved, the proposed design can accommodate very well several key learning rules, such as Hebbian, delta, competitive, and back-propagation learning rules. Compared to analog neural circuits, the proposed systolic architecture offers higher flexibilities, higher precision, and full pipelineability. >
Symbolic calculation of the trace of the power of a tridiagonal matrix

An algorithm symbolically calculating the trace of the power of a tridiagonal matrix is proposed. The setting is based on techniques developed from structure analysis and combinatorics. The complexity analysis, the extension and the possible applications of this algorithm are also discussed.
Optical coherence tomography in an optic tract lesion: Retinal nerve fiber layer changes

A 49-year-old woman, status post temporal lobe resection, reported a hemianopia. Examination revealed a right afferent pupillary defect, horizontal bow-tie atrophy OD (temporal and nasal), and temporal atrophy OS. Optical coherence tomography showed a bow-tie pattern OD and predominant superior and inferior nerve fiber layer loss OS (figure 1; figure e-1 at [Neurology.org][1]). The pattern OD is due to the combination of papillomacular bundle and nasal RNFL loss. The pattern OS is due to nerve fiber layer loss temporal to the fovea and, coupled with papillomacular bundle loss, produces temporal pallor.1 MRI confirmed left optic tract atrophy (figure 2). Optical coherence tomography may be sensitive for detecting localizing atrophic patterns.2 [1]: http://neurology.org/lookup/doi/10.1212/WNL.0000000000003310
TOP: Vehicle Trajectory Based Driving Speed Optimization Strategy for Travel Time Minimization and Road Congestion Avoidance

Traffic congestion control is pivotal for intelligent transportation systems. Previous works optimize vehicle speed for different objectives such as minimizing fuel consumption and minimizing travel time. However, they overlook the possible congestion generation in the future (e.g., in 5mins), which may degrade the performance of achieving the objectives. In this paper, we propose a vehicle Trajectory based driving speed OPtimization strategy (TOP) to minimize vehicle travel time and meanwhile avoid generating congestion. Its basic idea is to adjust vehicles'mobility to alleviate road congestion globally. TOP has a framework for collecting vehicles' information to a central server, which calculates the parameters depicting the future road condition (e.g., driving time, vehicle density, and probability of accident). The server then formulates a non-cooperative Stackelberg game considering these parameters, in which when each vehicle aims to minimize its travel time, the road congestion is also proactively avoided. After the Stackelberg equilibrium is reached, the optimal driving speed for each vehicle and the expected vehicle density that maximizes the utilization of the road network are determined. Our real trace analysis confirms some characteristics of vehicle mobility to support the design of TOP. Extensive trace-driven experiments show the effectiveness and superior performance of TOP in comparison with other driving speed optimization methods.
Buildings cooling: An experimental study of Phase Change Materials storage for low energy buildings

In recent years, with dramatic increases in energy consumption in industrial and residential sector around the world, the shortage of energy sources issue has become very important. The buildings sector is responsible for almost 40% of energy consumption in worldwide. Thermal energy storage by means of latent heat is an efficient way to reduce temperature fluctuations in buildings, leading to the improved thermal comfort of occupants. Phase Change Materials (PCMs) with high density for thermal energy storage can be efficiently employed to this purpose. This paper proposes using Phase Change Material (PCM) in the building roof. Calcium Chloride Hexahydrate (salt hydrate) was used as a PCM with melting point 30 °C. Experiment were performed with two rooms of identical internal dimensions in the presence and absence of PCM. Results showed that the temperature inside the PCM integrated room is demonstrated to be considerably lower than the one without PCM. The reduction was found 3–4 °C.
Management of Cardiovascular Disease in Chronic Kidney Disease

Ischemic heart disease as a result of coronary atherosclerosis occurs when there is a mismatch between myocardial oxygen supply and demand. Reductions in myocardial perfusion result in decreased oxygen delivery, reduced adenosine triphosphate and lactic acidosis, and release of adenosine, all of which activate visceral afferent signals to the brain resulting in chest discomfort or angina. There are many determinants of atherosclerosis including elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, smoking, family history, and obesity. Targeting these risk factors with medical therapy and lifestyle changes results in substantial improvements in symptoms and reductions in nonfatal and fatal cardiovascular events. Chronic ischemia and kidney dysfunction can alter myocardial structure and function, which may lead to the development of heart failure. Not surprisingly, kidney patients with pump failure have poorer outcomes and challenging disease management problems. This chapter will discuss the treatment of coronary atherosclerosis, heart failure, valvular disease, and arrhythmias in the setting of chronic kidney disease.
Gait Emulator for Evaluation of a Powered Ankle-Foot Prosthesis

In this paper we present an enhanced gait emulator and a novel hybrid control system to test powered ankle-foot prostheses with two degrees of freedom in the sagittal and frontal planes. The gait emulator is a nonlinear and non-smooth system that has to follow a precisely timed set of phases to achieve a human-like periodic gait. Despite the complexity and parameter uncertainties of this five degrees of freedom system, our proposed hybrid control system simplifies the walking control by use of state triggered kinematic events. The control system works in closed loop with kinematic event detection to ensure robust and repeatable walking tests as design parameters are varied. The developed gait emulator can be used to test the prosthesis under various loading conditions and walking speeds.Copyright © 2017 by ASME
Bourdieu Comes to Town: Pertinence, Principles, Applications

Abstract: This article frames the themes of the two‐part Interventions section ‘Bourdieu Comes to Town’. I first establish the pertinence of Bourdieu's sociology for students of the city by revisiting his youthful work on power, space, and the diffusion of urban forms in provincial Bearn and colonial Algeria. In both cases, urbanization is the key vector of transformation, and the city, town, or camp the site anchoring the forces dissolving the social fabric of the French countryside and overturning French imperialism in North Africa. These early studies establish that all social and mental structures have spatial correlates and conditions of possibility; that social distance and power relations are both expressed in and reinforced by spatial distance; and that propinquity to the center of accumulation of capital (economic, military, or cultural) is a key determinant of the force and velocity of social change. Next, I discuss four principles that undergird Bourdieu's investigations and can profitably drive urban inquiry: the Bachelardian moment of epistemological rupture, the Weberian invitation to historicize the agent (habitus), the world (social space) and the categories of the analyst (epistemic reflexivity); the Leibnizian‐Durkheimian imperative to deploy the topological mode of reasoning; and Cassirer's command to heed the constitutive efficacy of symbolic structures. The plasticity and productivity of his concepts suggest that Bourdieu can not only energize urban inquiry but also merge it into a broader analytic of the trialectic of symbolic division, social space, and the built environment. This paves a pathway for reconceptualizing the urban as the domain of accumulation, differentiation and contestation of manifold forms of capital, which makes the city a central ground, product, and prize of historical struggles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Challenges to Intestinal pO2 Measurement Using EPR

Acute and chronic intestinal ischemia has been linked to the development of gastrointestinal symptoms such as abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting, bowel dysfunction and more seriously, the complications of sepsis, shock and death. Advances in electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) oximetry have resulted in accurate and reliable in vivo measurement of the partial pressure of oxygen (pO2) in solid organs (e.g., muscle, heart) [1], but has yet to be tested in thin walled organs such as intestine. Our ultimate goal is to noninvasively monitor intestinal pO2 during acute and chronic intestinal ischemia in a rat model. A series of experiments to deliver oxygen-sensitive indicator probes to the small/large intestine by intravenous, luminal and wall injection, as well as direct placement of a solid probe against the outer intestinal wall were attempted. Only the LiNc:BuO:PDMS chip sutured to the peritoneal wall and in direct contact with the intestine allowed for noninvasive pO2 measurement by EPR. However, the validity of site-specific intestinal pO2 measurement could not be confirmed and the obtained pO2 value likely reflected peritoneal cavity oxygenation. Developing methods for probe placement on or inside the intestinal wall are needed for noninvasive, site-specific intestinal pO2 measurement by EPR to track changes during acute and chronic intestinal ischemia.
Black newspapers as a tool for cancer education in African American communities.

Design and Participants. A two-year national sample of Black newspapers (n524) and community-matched general audience newspapers (n512) was reviewed, and 8,690 health and cancer stories were identified and content analyzed. A survey of 783 Black newspaper readers in the same 24 communities assessed reading frequency and perceptions of reporting for both types of newspapers, as well as readers’ health concerns and cancer screening behaviors. Results. As a proportion of total health coverage, Black newspapers published more cancer stories than general audience newspapers, and their stories were more likely to contain localized information, address disparities, focus on prevention, include calls to action for readers and refer readers to cancer information resources (all P,.001). Black newspaper readers identified cancer as the health issue that concerned them most, yet rated it the fourth most important health problem affecting African Americans. Conclusions. Black newspapers hold promise for helping to eliminate cancer disparities by increasing cancer awareness, prevention, and screening among African Americans. (Ethn Dis. 2008;18:488–495)
ON SELECTING A RESPONSE FUNCTION IN NONLINEAR REGRESSION

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses selecting a response function in nonlinear regression. Whether employing difference or differential equations to describe the phenomenon under investigation, the solution set invariably gives rise to a family of solutions. The chapter discusses the differential equation ( D − α 1 ) ( D − α 2 ) Y = 0. It describes four solutions for this equation. The differential equation is referred to as the generic equation and the first solution as the generic solution. The remaining solutions are all special cases of the generic solution or special solutions of the equation. The chapter discusses two hierarchies of the solutions of the equation depending on the various values of α 1 and α 2 . The chapter presents an adaptation of the Burr distribution as a dose–response function.
Utilizing Internet-based recruitment and data collection to access different age groups of former family caregivers.

Abstract As Internet accessibility grows among adults in the United States, researchers' utilization of Internet-based surveys and recruitment strategies has increased, but there is a paucity of knowledge about their use in different age groups of former dementia caregivers. The purpose of this secondary analysis is to describe 1) the use of Internet-based recruitment in obtaining a sample inclusive of young and middle aged (age 18–64), young-old (age 65–74), and older-old (age 75 and older) former dementia caregivers and 2) the feasibility of collecting data using an online survey in young and middle aged, young-old, and older-old former dementia caregivers. Utilizing convenience sampling, a four-step recruitment strategy encompassing a combination of Internet-based and non-Internet-based recruitment strategies was employed. Participants ( N = 171) completed an online survey. Older-old, young-old, and young and middle-aged participants comprised 9%, 30%, and 61% of the sample respectively. All age cohorts provided minimal missing data using an online survey, but older-old participants required 15 additional minutes to complete the survey than young-old participants. Both cohorts of older adults were directed to the survey less frequently through online referral sources than young and middle-aged participants, and no older-old participants were referred via Facebook. All three age cohorts consisted of mostly white women. Internet-based surveys and recruitment were feasible among the age groups but may present challenges for the older-old and minorities. Further research on Internet-based data collection and recruitment is indicated in minority and older-old caregivers, focusing on trust, educational and financial disparities, and technological proficiency as potential barriers.
Bloody tears: a case of bilateral ulcerative blepharitis

Chronic blepharitis leading to bilateral ulceration is rare to encounter. A 49-year-old African American female presents with bloody tears, severe pain, and photophobia in both eyes. Clinical presentation called for ulceration on the upper lid margins with excavated wound which bled on gentle rubbing. A systemic health review in combination of the symptoms and clinical picture led to the diagnosis of severe ulcerative blepharitis. Immediate oral antibiotics were started along with topical antibiotic cream. Ulcerative blepharitis can be easily misdiagnosed with sebaceous cell carcinoma. The pathophysiology of ulcerative blepharitis points to synergy between infectious entity and inflammatory aetiology, with either bacterial or fungal microorganisms as the trigger agents. Almost all cases of ulcerative blepharitis should include a dermatological evaluation given there is a strong association between ulcerative blepharitis and atopic dermatitis.
GII.4 Human Norovirus: Surveying the Antigenic Landscape

Human norovirus is the leading cause of viral acute onset gastroenteritis disease burden, with 685 million infections reported annually. Vulnerable populations, such as children under the age of 5 years, the immunocompromised, and the elderly show a need for inducible immunity, as symptomatic dehydration and malnutrition can be lethal. Extensive antigenic diversity between genotypes and within the GII.4 genotype present major challenges for the development of a broadly protective vaccine. Efforts have been devoted to characterizing antibody-binding interactions with dynamic human norovirus viral-like particles, which recognize distinct antigenic sites on the capsid. Neutralizing antibody functions recognizing these sites have been validated in both surrogate (ligand blockade of binding) and in vitro virus propagation systems. In this review, we focus on GII.4 capsid protein epitopes as defined by monoclonal antibody binding. As additional antibody epitopes are defined, antigenic sites emerge on the human norovirus capsid, revealing the antigenic landscape of GII.4 viruses. These data may provide a road map for the design of candidate vaccine immunogens that induce cross-protective immunity and the development of therapeutic antibodies and drugs.
Response to Comment on Mulukutla et al. Autoantibodies to the IA-2 Extracellular Domain Refine the Definition of "A+" Subtypes of Ketosis-Prone Diabetes. Diabetes Care 2018;41:2637-2640.

We thank Dr. Heneberg (1) for the comments regarding our article (2) describing autoantibody responses to the IA-2 extracellular domain in ketosis-prone diabetes (KPD). We agree that the intracellular domain of the neuroendocrine autoantigen IA-2 (amino acid residues 605–979) represents the immunodominant region of the molecule. In fact, both autoantibody and autoreactive T-cell responses from patients with type 1 diabetes recognize peptides localized within the intracellular domain of IA-2 (IA-2IC) (3). Nonetheless, we identified autoantibody and T-cell responses specifically directed to the IA-2 extracellular domain (IA-2EC) in individuals with or without antibodies against IA-2IC (4). Our recent studies demonstrate that IA-2EC is a target of humoral immune responses in a subgroup of patients with KPD (2). To demonstrate specificity of …
Constrained Least-Squares Fitting for Tolerancing and Metrology

Recent years have seen a remarkable emergence of a particular type of least-squares fitting, called constrained least-squares fitting, in national and international standards on tolerancing and metrology. Fitting, which is called an association operation in the international standards on tolerancing and related metrological practices, is an optimization process that associates an ideal-form feature to a non-ideal-form feature. Unconstrained least-squares fitting has been a very well-known practice in general metrology for a long time, but it has not been the standardized operation in tolerancing and related metrology standards till recently. Instead, other fitting methods, such as Chebyshev fitting, have dominated the standards thus far. Now constrained least-squares is emerging as an attractive alternative in these standards, especially for the establishment of datums. This paper describes these recent developments, with particular attention to the mathematical and computational aspects of the optimization problem, and their impact on the digitization of industrial metrology.
A general representation theory for constructing groups of permutation polynomials

Using the left regular action of a group on itself, we develop a general representation theory for constructing groups of permutation polynomials. As an application of the method, we compute polynomial representations of several abelian and nonabelian groups, and we determine the equivalence classes of the groups of polynomials we construct. In particular, when the size of the group is equal to the size of the field in which the group is represented, all non-identity representation polynomials are necessarily fixed-point free permutation polynomials.
The Angelina Dissectors: A Novel Design of Dissectors for Endoscopic Endonasal Approaches.

Background The description and refinement of the transsphenoidal approach would not be possible without new tools and technologies developed by surgeons to facilitate this approach, which is nowadays the standard procedure for more than 90% of sellar lesions. The latest major change in transsphenoidal surgery was the introduction of the rigid endoscope and the subsequent description of the endoscopic endonasal approach. Traditional bayoneted instruments, when used for this technique, were inadequate. New instruments designed, specifically for this technique, are necessary to facilitate the surgeon's work and improve patient outcome. Objective This study describes a novel design of dissectors created specifically for endoscopic endonasal approaches. Methods To develop and design the Angelina dissectors, we used our extensive surgical experience to identify the shortcomings of the available dissectors used for transsphenoidal surgery and created the Angelina dissectors. Results The Angelina dissector was designed with a unique shaft shape which facilitates endoscopic endonasal surgery. Conclusion Even though an endoscopic endonasal approach is possible using other instruments, the design of these dissectors aids the surgeon's work. It is our impression, based on personal experience that it allows more freedom of movement and dexterity during the procedure, which could translate as an improved patient outcome.
The Color Line and the Assembly Line: managing race in the Ford empire

At its founding in 1903, the Ford Motor Company had six working men making cars out of a rented wagon shop on a dingy stretch of Detroit’s east side. Thirty-five years later it employed about a qua...
Light and lilacs: an interactive exploration of colorimetry

The UNESCO International Day of Light, 16 May, serves to highlight the critical and diverse roles that light plays in our daily lives. Light has specific meaning to each local community, and finding that which has the greatest impact can be challenging. In the proper context, local festivals serve as a fertile ground for light appreciation, bringing together diverse local groups. We provide the devices for exploration of colorimetry, imaging, and color matching demonstrations at an otherwise social local festival. Methods of assembly and planning for the multi-day display are outlined.
Graphene oxide/waterborne polyurethane nanocoatings: effects of graphene oxide content on performance properties

Graphene oxide (GO) is a good nanofiller candidate for waterborne coatings because of its outstanding physical and mechanical properties, good dispersibility in water, and low cost relative to graphene. Here, we report on the performance of a one-part, waterborne polyurethane (WPU) nanocoating formulated with four different GO loadings ([0.4% to 2.0%] by mass). The degree of GO dispersion/adhesion was evaluated using scanning electron microscopy, laser scanning confocal microscopy, and Raman microscopy. Nanocoating performance was evaluated using a dynamic mechanical thermal analyzer for mechanical properties, a customized coulometric permeation apparatus for oxygen barrier properties, a combustion microcalorimeter for flammability, a hot disk analyzer for thermal conductivity, thermogravimetric analysis for thermal stability, and a moisture sorption analyzer for water uptake. The results show that GO sheets were well dispersed in, and have good adhesion to, WPU. At the higher mass loadings ([1.2% or 2%] by mass), GO increased the modulus and yield strength of WPU by 300% and 200%, respectively, increased the thermal conductivity by 38%, reduced the burning heat release rate (flammability) by 43%, and reduced the oxygen permeability by up to sevenfold. The presence of GO, however, increased water vapor uptake at high humidity; the moisture content of 2% mass loading GO/WPU nanocoatings at 90% RH was almost twice that of the moisture content for unfilled WPU. Overall, with the exception of water uptake at very high humidity (> 70% RH), the observed improvements in physical and mechanical properties combined with the ease of processing suggest that GO is a viable nanofiller for WPU coatings.
THE SCIENCE OF ACCOUNTS: BOOKKEEPING ROOTED IN THE IDEAL OF SCIENCE

This paper presents the discourse of the “science of accounts” as it developed in 19th century U.S. accounting literature. The paper initially emphasizes the meaning which the term “science of accounts” had during this period. In addition, it presents the contemporary belief that this science helped reveal the essential economic ontology, which bookkeeping makes visible. Second, the paper analyzes how this rational institutional myth became institutionalized within the emerging profession's technical journals and its professional organization, the Institute of Accounts. Through reliance on this scientific foundation, the newly emerging profession could gain greater social legitimacy, leading to the first CPA law in 1896.
A cellular target engagement assay for the characterization of SHP2 (PTPN11) phosphatase inhibitors

The nonreceptor protein-tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) SHP2 is encoded by the proto-oncogene PTPN11 and is a ubiquitously expressed key regulator of cell signaling, acting on a number of cellular processes and components, including the Ras/Raf/Erk, PI3K/Akt, and JAK/STAT pathways and immune checkpoint receptors. Aberrant SHP2 activity has been implicated in all phases of tumor initiation, progression, and metastasis. Gain-of-function PTPN11 mutations drive oncogenesis in several leukemias and cause developmental disorders with increased risk of malignancy such as Noonan syndrome. Until recently, small molecule-based targeting of SHP2 was hampered by the failure of orthosteric active-site inhibitors to achieve selectivity and potency within a useful therapeutic window. However, new SHP2 allosteric inhibitors with excellent potency and selectivity have sparked renewed interest in the selective targeting of SHP2 and other PTP family members. Crucially, drug discovery campaigns focusing on SHP2 would greatly benefit from the ability to validate the cellular target engagement of candidate inhibitors. Here, we report a cellular thermal shift assay that reliably detects target engagement of SHP2 inhibitors. Using this assay, based on the DiscoverX InCell Pulse enzyme complementation technology, we characterized the binding of several SHP2 allosteric inhibitors in intact cells. Moreover, we demonstrate the robustness and reliability of a 384-well miniaturized version of the assay for the screening of SHP2 inhibitors targeting either WT SHP2 or its oncogenic E76K variant. Finally, we provide an example of the assay's ability to identify and characterize novel compounds with specific cellular potency for either WT or mutant SHP2.
Evaluating muscular membrane perturbation upon pulsed electric field exposure

Nanosecond pulsed electric fields (nsPEF) are high voltage (1-15 kV/cm) nanosecond energy waveforms that can impact cellular activity. On a physical level, a nsPEF generates transient membrane perturbations in the form of nanopores to allow cation influx resulting in localized membrane depolarization. On a physiological level, a nsPEF exposure can activate receptors and channels on the membrane as well as second messenger cascades, both of which results in subcellular modulation that lasts beyond the nsPEF duration. An ongoing challenge is to characterize the extent/sequence of physiological events induced by nsPEF exposure, and potential to interplay with physical effects induced by the pulse. In our laboratory, C2C12 mouse myoblast cells have been demonstrated to be a useful in vitro model, as it is feasible to differentiate these immortalized progenitors into terminally transformed myotubes. From previous efforts, we quantified YO-PRO -1 (YO-PRO-1) uptake as a measurement of membrane perturbation, and concluded that membrane damage is proportional to applied pulsed electric field voltage. To expand upon these findings, we evaluated to what extent YOPRO-1 uptake at the membrane is physical or physiological in nature. Interestingly, the P2X7 receptor complex has been extensively studied utilizing YO-PRO-1 uptake as marker of apoptotic activity. For this reason, we tested the role of P2X7 receptor complex activation to mediate YO-PRO-1 uptake during pulsed electric field exposure. By blocking the P2X7 receptor, we reduced nsPEF-induced YO-PRO-1 uptake by 31.57%. Our results demonstrate that the P2X7 receptor complex is a subcellular candidate responsible for YO-PRO-1 uptake upon nsPEF exposure in myotubes.
Medicinal Properties of Fruit and Vegetable Peels

In these days, more focus is made in improving the immune system and curing diseases by using food and food-related products. In these contexts, fruits are being extensively used to treat and prevent diseases. After utilization of fruits and vegetable, huge amount of waste is generated during pre- and post-harvesting process. This produced waste is generally discarded as waste in the dump yards which is hazardous to the environment. However, recent studies have confirmed that fruit and vegetable peel (FVP) waste can be a valuable source of bioactive compounds, due to the presence of steroids, phenolics, tannins, flavonoids, triterpenoids, glycosides, carotenoids, ellagitannins, anthocyanins, vitamin C and essential oil. These compounds can add value to the FVP if extracted efficiently. Several economically valuable products having superior medicinal, nutritional and antioxidant properties can be obtained from FVPs by various processes like drying, size reduction, fermentation, solvent extraction and many more. The bioactive compounds in the FVP show its various uses in the treatment of wounds, acne, diarrhoea, gastroenteritis and rotavirus enteritis, allergies, malaria, coughs, degenerative muscular diseases, bacterial/fungal infections, cancer, cardiovascular disorder, diabetes, liver diseases, dental plaque, inflammatory ailments including rheumatism, menstrual pain, etc. This chapter reviews the antioxidant, antiatherogenic, antimicrobial, antiallergenic, anti-inflammatory, antithrombotic, cardioprotective and vasodilatory properties of some commonly used FVP. This will help to obtain the maximum health benefits and maximize the industrial profits.
Autoinflammatory diseases predominantly affecting the skin

Abstract Autoinflammatory diseases are disorders of the innate immune system, traditionally characterized by systemic inflammation independent of infection and autoreactive antibodies or antigen-specific T cells. Genetic discoveries have expanded the disease spectrum, and led to the recognition of overlap syndromes, driven by IL-1, type I interferons, and NFκB activation. Similar to immune deficiencies, these immune dysregulatory diseases have unique presentations, genetics and available therapies which distinguish among the disorders. Despite the variable clinical courses, autoinflammatory disorders frequently share cutaneous inflammation as an initial and persistent manifestation of disease. Here, we focus on several syndromes with skin findings ranging from cold-induced urticaria, neutrophilic granulomas, sterile cellulitis, and pustular psoriasis. Beyond the outer layers, diseases secondary to epithelial barrier defects have recently been included in the autoinflammatory spectrum, including mucocutaneous ulceration and poikiloderma, as well as hyperpigmentation and abnormal adipose deposition. Many of these disorders are accompanied by systemic inflammation, autoimmunity or immune deficiency, establishing the skin as truly the window to diagnosis of these immunodysregulatory disorders.
Differential effects of cisplatin on cybrid cells with varying mitochondrial DNA haplogroups.

Author(s): Abedi, Sina; Yung, Gregory; Atilano, Shari R; Thaker, Kunal; Chang, Steven; Chwa, Marilyn; Schneider, Kevin; Udar, Nitin; Bota, Daniela; Kenney, M Cristina | Abstract: BackgroundDrug therapy yields different results depending on its recipient population. Cisplatin, a commonly used chemotherapeutic agent, causes different levels of resistance and side effects for different patients, but the mechanism(s) are presently unknown. It has been assumed that this variation is a consequence of differences in nuclear (n) DNA, epigenetics, or some external factor(s). There is accumulating evidence that an individual's mitochondrial (mt) DNA may play a role in their response to medications. Variations within mtDNA can be observed, and an individual's mtDNA can be categorized into haplogroups that are defined by accumulations of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) representing different ethnic populations.MethodsThe present study was conducted on transmitochondrial cytoplasmic hybrids (cybrids) that possess different maternal-origin haplogroup mtDNA from African (L), Hispanic [A+B], or Asian (D) backgrounds. Cybrids were created by fusing Rho0 ARPE-19 cells (lacking mtDNA) with platelets, which contain numerous mitochondria but no nuclei. These cybrid cells were cultured to passage five, treated with cisplatin, incubated for 48 h, then analyzed for cell metabolic activity (tetrazolium dye (MTT) assay), mitochondrial membrane potential (JC-1 assay), cytotoxicity (lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay), and gene expression levels for ALK, BRCA1, EGFR, and ERBB2/HER2.ResultsResults indicated that untreated cybrids with varying mtDNA haplogroups had similar relative metabolic activity before cisplatin treatment. When treated with cisplatin, (1) the decline in metabolic activity was greatest in L (27.4%, p l 0.012) l D (24.86%, p = 0.0001) and [A+B] cybrids (24.67%, p = 0.0285) compared to untreated cybrids; (2) mitochondrial membrane potential remained unchanged in all cybrids (3) LDH production varied between cybrids (L g[A+B], p = 0.0270). (4) The expression levels decreased for ALK in L (p l 0.0001) and [A+B] (p = 0.0001) cybrids but not in D cybrids (p = 0.285); and decreased for EGFR in [A+B] cybrids (p = 0.0246) compared to untreated cybrids.ConclusionOur findings suggest that an individual's mtDNA background may be associated with variations in their response to cisplatin treatment, thereby affecting the efficiency and the severity of side effects from the treatment.
Microgrid Design and Control of a Hybrid Building Complex

Microgrids are a promising alternative to the traditional distribution systems due to their highly desirable features, such as, reliability, resiliency, and efficiency. This paper covers the design, simulation, and economic analysis of a theoretically designed modern, mixed-use commercial and residential building on a feeder in Charleston, SC, USA. The designed system is simulated in PSCAD/EMTDC. The system combines a natural gas CHP turbine and generator block set, solar photovoltaics (PV), and a battery energy storage system (BESS). It is planned to provide power through a DC lighting bus and an AC to several different commercial load profiles as well as 40 apartments of varying sizes. Additionally, a comprehensive economic analysis is completed with available or estimated pricing to prove the feasibility of such a project.
NAA10 variant in 38-week-gestation male patient: a case study.

We present a male patient born at 38-wk gestation with rhizomelic shortening of extremities, hepatomegaly, ventriculomegaly, heart failure, severely depressed left ventricular function, biventricular hypertrophy, and biatrial enlargement. Additional physical findings included anteriorly displaced anus, vertebral anomalies, and brachydactyly. The patient's cardiac malformations led to persistent hypotension, sinus tachycardia, and multiorgan failure in the absence of arrhythmias. Rapid whole-exome sequencing was ordered on day of life (DOL) 8. The patient's family elected to withdraw supportive care, and he passed away that evening. Whole-exome sequencing returned posthumously and identified a variant in NAA10, E100K. The genotype-phenotype was closest to Ogden syndrome or amino-terminal acetyltransferase deficiency. Typical features of this rare X-linked syndrome include progeroid appearance, failure to thrive, developmental delays, hypotonia, and cardiac arrhythmias. Other family members were tested and the patient's mother, who has a history of mild intellectual disability, as well as a daughter born later, were identified as carriers. All carriers showed no cardiac findings. The carrier sister has manifested developmental delay and cortical atrophy. Protein modeling, evolution, dynamics, population variant assessments, and immunoprecipitation depict the deleterious nature of the variant on the interactions of NAA10 with NAA15 These findings had subsequent implications for posthumous diagnosis of the index patient, for female carriers, and regarding family planning. We highlight how these rapid genetic tests and variant characterization can potentially lead to informed decision-making between health-care providers and family members of patients with critical or lethal conditions when treatment options are limited.
Toward a Comprehensive Analysis of Posttranscriptional Regulatory Networks: a New Tool for the Identification of Small RNA Regulators of Specific mRNAs

A number of computational or experimental tools have been developed to identify targets of small RNA (sRNA) regulation. Here, we modified one of these methods, based on in vivo proximity ligation of sRNAs bound to their targets, referred to as rGRIL-seq, that can be used to capture sRNA regulators of a gene of interest. Intracellular expression of bacteriophage T4 RNA ligase leads to a covalent linking of sRNAs base-paired with mRNAs, and the chimeras are captured using oligonucleotides complementary to the mRNA, followed by sequencing. This allows the identification of known as well as novel sRNAs. We applied rGRIL-seq toward finding sRNA regulators of expression of the stress response sigma factor RpoS in Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Vibrio cholerae In E. coli, we confirmed the regulatory role of known sRNAs and discovered a new negative regulator, asYbiE. When applied to P. aeruginosa and V. cholerae, we identified two novel sRNAs (s03661 and s0223) in P. aeruginosa and two known sRNAs (TfoR and Vcr043) in V. cholerae as direct regulators of rpoS The use of rGRIL-seq for defining multiple posttranscriptional regulatory inputs into individual mRNAs represents a step toward a more comprehensive understanding of the workings of bacterial regulatory networks.IMPORTANCE With the recognition of the importance of posttranscriptional regulation mediated by bacterial small RNAs (sRNAs), their contribution to global gene expression regulatory networks needs to be addressed in a truly comprehensive manner. While a single sRNA targets multiple RNAs, an mRNA can be regulated by multiple sRNAs that can be either transcribed individually or derived by processing of mRNAs. In this paper, we developed a tool (referred to as rGRIL-seq) to identify sRNAs that regulate mRNAs regardless of their origin. We demonstrated the utility of this approach by identifying positive and negative sRNA regulators of the rpoS mRNA in three bacterial species. We not only described known sRNAs of E. coli or P. aeruginosa that control rpoS but also identified several new rpoS regulators in V. cholerae Therefore, rGRIL-seq can be used to identify species-specific sRNAs targeting a conserved mRNA, and they likely play an important role in bacterial adaptation to specific environmental niches.
Silicon—The Material of Information

This chapter begins by describing the ubiquity of the “silicon chip”, a semiconductor device that is responsible for the modern information age based on the computer, wireless networks, and high-speed digital data transfer. The chapter concludes with the prospect that silicon may also become the enabling material for quantum computers, which can make use of all the accumulated industrial know-how about how to process this material.