cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Structure of Retrograde Circumbinary Accretion Disks

We evaluate the interactions between a central equal mass binary and a surrounding retrograde circumbinary accretion disk in a three-dimensional, MHD simulation. We find (as widely expected) that the net torque expressed on a retrograde circumbinary disk by the central binary is much (more than two orders of magnitude) smaller than when the disk orbits in the prograde direction. For this reason, unlike the prograde case, there is no "gap" carved out of the retrograde disk, and accreting fluid can travel directly from the disk to the domain of the binary. For the same reason, retrograde disks do not develop the large-amplitude "lumps" generically seen near the inner edges of prograde disks. Although not directly treated in this simulation, the finite extent of accretion disks around the individual masses of the binary can lead to shocks between their outer edges and the circumbinary disk, potentially creating a photon signal modulated at the binary orbital period. The spectra of these shocks should peak in the hard X-ray band as is expected for prograde systems, but retrograde systems would not be expected to display a "notch" in the optical/UV band. Because the disk's angular momentum is directed oppositely to that of the binary, accretion onto the binary causes a rapid increase in eccentricity. Lastly, we discuss the comparative rates of orbital evolution associated with accretion in prograde and retrograde circumbinary disks, finding that the principal contrast is that should be rather greater in the retrograde case.
Cervix carcinoma: Treatment with combination cisplatin and bleomycin

Thirty patients with metastatic carcinoma of the cervix were treated with a combination of cisplatin and bleomycin. Thirty patients were evaluable for toxicity and 24 were evaluable for response. Thirteen patients achieved a partial remission for an objective response rate of 54% with a median duration of 3.5 months. The response rate for extrapelvic disease without prior radiation was 57% while the response rate for disease recurring in the previously irradiated pelvic area was only 36%. Response rates were higher in tumors with nonsquamous histology. Survival times for responders and nonresponders were not significantly different. Significant toxicity was observed. It is concluded that the combination of high-dose cisplatin and bleomycin infusion in patients with recurrent cervix cancer has an improved response rate. However, these responses are of short duration and drug toxicity is significant. The role of this combination for adjuvant studies is discussed.
Random Vibration and Accelerated Life Testing

Increasingly random vibration testing is being utilized to validate products that are exposed to high levels of vibration across a wide frequency range when in use. Basic methods utilize the inverse power law and step test to failure to correlate test time at amplified vibration levels to predicted life at in-use conditions. However, many areas of this practice are debated including the selection of a proper exponent for life calculations, selection of test time and test levels, and correlation between dissimilar test and in-use vibration profiles. This paper explores the current literature on the topic and recommends a step by step method for utilizing random vibration testing to validate products that are subjected to a high degree of in-use vibration variability.Copyright © 2014 by ASME
Partial-wave microscopic spectroscopy detects subwavelength refractive index fluctuations: an application to cancer diagnosis

Existing optical imaging techniques offer us powerful tools to directly visualize the cellular structure at the microscale; however, their capability of nanoscale sensitivity is restricted by the diffraction-limited resolution. We show that the mesoscopic light transport theory analysis of the spectra of partial waves propagating within a weakly disordered medium, such as biological cells [i.e., partial wave spectroscopy (PWS)] quantifies refractive index fluctuations at subdiffractional length scales. We validate this nanoscale sensitivity of PWS using experiments with nanostructured models. We also demonstrate the potential of this technique to detect nanoscale alterations in cells from patients with pancreatic cancer who are otherwise classified as normal by conventional microscopic histopathology.
Near-Field Representations of the Acoustic Green's Function in a Shallow Ocean with Infinite Elastic Seabed

In this paper, we show how to construct acoustic Green's functions for a water column atop an infinite elastic seabed using a generalization of the method by Ahluwalia and Keller.6 Our goal is to obtain a representation of the acoustic Green's function which is valid in the near field. Such a representation is useful in the investigation of the inverse shape problem using the methodology we pioneered for waveguides with reflecting seabeds.
Gibberellic acid causes earlier flowering and synchronizes fruit ripening of coffee

The effect of 100 mgl−1 gibberellic acid (GA3) on flowering and fruit ripening synchrony, fruit set, fruit fresh weight, and vegetative growth were studied for different size classes of coffee (Coffea arabica L. cv. Guatemalan) flower buds. Flower buds that were > 4 mm, but not developed to the candle stage at the time of GA3 treatment, reached anthesis 20 days earlier than the controls, and their development was independent of precipitation, unlike the controls. Fruit from buds that were treated with GA3 at the candle stage showed earlier and more synchronous ripening than the control, although no differences in flowering were found during anthesis. Buds that were smaller than 4 mm at the time of treatment did not respond to GA3 applications. Treatment with GA3 did not affect fruit set, fresh weight of fruits, or vegetative shoot growth.
Determining Eligibility for Poverty‐Based Assistance Programs: Comparing the Federally Established Poverty Level with the Self Sufficiency Standard for Pennsylvania

Because the official U.S. poverty level is too low to adequately assess need for assistance among low income households, assistance agencies set eligibility levels to multiples of the poverty level, such as 125 or 150 percent. The Self Sufficiency Standard provides an alternative measurement that accounts for many characteristics of modern society and geographical differences in cost of living. We use both measures to examine eligibility levels for customers seeking payment arrangements for their utility bill arrearage. Sensitivity analyses reveal that the two methods are in the greatest agreement when the poverty level is adjusted to 185 percent. We conclude that the Standard is a more accurate assessment of poverty and the need for assistance, but is unlikely to be politically feasible. Given this, we see it as a useful tool for determining the appropriate multiple of the official poverty level to use in setting eligibility levels for assistance programs.
Idiopathic intussusception occurring in father and son, with a post-operative intussusception in the son.

Thomas, M. P. and McKay, D. G. (1979). Aust. Paediatr. J., 15, 281–282. Idiopathic intussusception occurring in father and son, with a post-operative intussusception in the son. Idiopathic intussusception occurring in father and son is uncommon, as is the occurrence of an ileo-ileal intussusception following operative reduction of the ileo-caecal intussusception. The original ileo-caecal intussusception was treated operatively in both father and son, because of failure of attempted hydrostatic reduction. The father's post-operative convalescence was uneventful. The son developed a mechanical obstruction 36 hours after operation, due to an ileo-ileal intussusception which was easily reduced at a further laparotomy. Six weeks later he was re-admitted with a recurrent ileo-colic intussusception and this was successfully treated by hydrostatic reduction.
Plasma from preeclamptic women increases human endotheial cell prostacyclin production without changes in cellular enzyme activity or mass

Abstract OBJECTIVE: We investigated differencesin prostacyclin production by endothelial cells exposed to plasma from either preeclamptic women or normal pregnant women. STUDY DESIGN: A case-control study of matched preeclamptic and normal pregnancies was used to compare prostacyclin synthesis by human umbilical vein endothelial cells incubated with pregnancy plasma for 24 hours. Prostacyclin concentrations in conditioned media were measured by radioimmunoassay of its stable metabolite (6-keto-prostaglandin F 1α ). Human umbilical vein endothelial cell lysates were used to determine concentrations of the enzymes cyclooxygenase and prostacyclin synthase. RESULTS: Prostacyclin production by human umbilical vein endothelial cells incubated with plasma from preeclamptic women was significantly greater than that by cells exposed to normal pregnancy plasma. Differences in prostacyclin production under the two experimental conditions could be explained neither by differences in enzyme mass nor activities of cyclooxygenase and prostacycline synthase. CONCLUSION: The stimulatory effect of preeclampsia plasma on prostacycline biosynthesis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells appears to be manifested at a step(s) proximal to the activation of cyclooxygenase. Possible mechanisms are increased phospholipase A 2 , lipoprotein, or lipid peroxide activities in preeclampsia.
Super Resolution Imaging of Material Properties Using MEMS Near-Field Microwave Spatial Modulator Arrays

Near-field microwave probes were developed and used to image electromagnetic properties of materials with spatial resolutions only limited by the probe aperture size, signal-to-noise ratio and not by the Abbe barrier. The price of this "super" resolution is point-by-point scanning of the sample that makes it slow and requires additional mechanisms to control the probe-to-sample distance during the scan. Here we discuss a new technique that combines aspects of the "free-space" imaging with the super resolution of near-field scanning probes by using an array of local scatterers near the sample. Upon illumination with microwaves, the array of local scatterers generates near-fields near the sample. The near-fields interact with the nearby sample and modulate the reflection coefficient of the scatterers in the array. Vibrating or rotating different scatters at different base frequency, the reflected microwaves are multiplexed by the array and then de-multiplexed at the receiver to reveal the 2-D spatial field. We implemented applications of this technique in imaging a non-homogenous dielectric sample at 10 GHz using an array of micromotors as scatterers. We also imaged carbon nanotubes using an atomic force microscope tip as the local scatterer with an unprecedented resolution of 5 nm at 100 GHz
Modification of the spontaneous emission rate of nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond by coupling to plasmons

Nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond are widely studied both as a testbed for solid state quantum optics and for their applications in quantum information processing and magnetometry. Here we demonstrate coupling of the nitrogen-vacancy centers to gap plasmons in metal nano-slits. We use diamond samples where nitrogen-vacancy centers are implanted tens of nanometers under the surface. Silver nano-slits are patterned on the sample such that diamond ridges tens of nanometers wide fill the slit gap. We measure enhancement of the spontaneous emission rate of the zero photon line by a factor of 3 at a temperature of 8K.
Eddy diffusivities derived from a numerical model of the convective planetary boundary layer

Functional forms for the vertical eddy diffusivityKz(z) are sought that optimize the performance of theK-theory diffusion equation. The method developed to determine the optimal diffusivity is first tested by applying it to analytic solution of the diffusion equation in which the functional form of the diffusivity is known precisely. In all test cases performed, the technique yields the correctKz profile regardless of the initial estimate ofKz from which the technique’s search procedure begins. When applied to “observed” mean, cross-wind-integrated point source concentration fields derived from Lagrangian diffusion theory and data from a numerical turbulence model jointly, the technique yields optimal diffusivities that make the solution of the diffusion equation agree within ±20% of the “observed” values within the core of point source plumes. Expressed in terms of the convective-velocity scalew* and the mixed-layer depthzi, the optimal diffusivity has a quasiuniversal form for atmospheric stabilities in the rangezi/L⪯-10 whereL is the Monin-Obukhov length. The optimal diffusivity is found to be strongly dependent on the source hight. TheKz profiles derived for the two source heightszs∼-0.025zi andzs∼-0.25zi are of opposite shape, but they have comparable maximum values ofKz∼-0.25w*zi.
Mercury in fish: a critical examination of gold mining and human contamination in Ghana

This study examines the knowledge of miners, fishermen, fish sellers, and fish buyers regarding the linkages between elemental mercury, methylmercury, fish consumption, and health risks in and around mining areas in Ghana. While findings suggest that a clear grasp of the impacts of mercury on human health is lacking, few potentially polluted fish are consumed in the mining areas. Most customers prefer ocean fish from the Gulf of Guinea and freshwater fish from Lake Volta, neither of which is known for small-scale gold mining. Alarmist messages about contaminated fish from Ghanaian mining sites need to be treated with caution.
1721 DEVELOPMENTAL PATTERN OF DIAPHRAGM STRENGTH IN INFANCY

Diaphragm strength was measured as maximal transdiaphragmatic pressure (Pdi) during airway occlusion in 33 infants aged 11.3 ± 0.6 (SE) months post-conception (mpc), range 8-21 mpc. All infants were asymptomatic at the time of study and required no ventilatory support. 9 infants had previous surgical correction of abdominal wall defects (gastroschisis/omphalocele), 9 infants had previous surgical correction of congenital diaphragmatic hernia, and 15 infants had no thoracic or abdominal surgery. The mean maximal Pdi for all infants was 69.7 ± 3.5 cm H2O. There were no significant differences between the 3 groups (P = 0.20). In the entire group, there was a significant correlation between maximal Pdi and age {Pdi (cm H20) = Age (mpc) x 3.4 + 30.9; r = 0.598; P = 0.0005}. In contrast, maximal Pdi in 3 ventilator dependent infants was less than 30 cm H2O. Subsequently, Pdi increased to above 40 cm H2O in these 3 infants following the ability to wean from mechanical ventilatory assistance. We conclude that diaphragm strength increases during the first year of life. Since respiratory failure may be viewed as inadequate ventilatory muscle power to overcome increased work of breathing, young infants may be at increased risk for respiratory failure relative to older infants due to decreased diaphragm strength.
Limitations of conventional doses of chemoradiation for unresectable biliary cancer

Abstract Purpose: To determine, in a retrospective review, the limitations of definitive chemoradiation in the treatment of patients with unresectable extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and generate testable hypotheses for future prospective clinical trials. Methods and Materials: Between 1957 and 2000, 52 patients with localized, unresectable cholangiocarcinoma were treated with radiotherapy (RT) with or without concurrent chemotherapy. Unresectable disease was defined, by evidence on imaging studies or at surgical exploration, as localized tumor abutting or involving the main portal vein, tumor involvement of secondary biliary radicals, or evidence of nodal metastases. Patients were grouped according to the RT dose: 27 patients received a total dose of 30 Gy (Group 1), 14 patients received 36–50.4 Gy (Group 2), and 11 patients received 54–85 Gy (Group 3). 192 Ir intracavitary boosts (median 20 Gy) were delivered in 3 patients, and an intraoperative boost (20 Gy) was used in 1 patient. Of the 52 patients, 38 (73%) received concomitant protracted venous infusion of 5-fluorouracil (200–300 mg/m 2 daily, Monday through Friday). Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to calculate the actuarial 1-year and median overall survival (OS), radiographic local progression, symptomatic progression, and distant failure. Treatment-related variables and prognostic factors were evaluated using the log-rank test. Results: The first site of disease progression was local in 72% of cases. The actuarial local progression rate at 12 months for all patients was 59%. The median time to radiographic local progression was 9, 11, and 15 months in Groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively ( p = 0.48). Fifteen percent of all patients developed metastatic disease (1-year OS rate 18%). The median survival rate for all patients was 10 months (1-year OS rate 44%). The RT dose, use of concurrent chemotherapy, histologic grade, initial extent of liver involvement, and extent of vascular involvement had no influence on radiographic local progression or OS. Grade 3 or greater toxicity was similar in all dose groups (22% vs. 14% vs. 27%, p = 0.718). Conclusion: The primary limitation of definitive chemoradiation was local progression. Although the small patient numbers limited the statistical power of this study, a suggestion of improved local control was found with the use of higher RT doses. To address this pattern of failure, future prospective investigation using high-dose conformal RT with novel cytotoxic and/or biologic agents with radiosensitizing properties is warranted.
Dual organizational identification among Japanese expatriates: the role of communication in cultivating subsidiary identification and outcomes

Dual organizational identification is significant for the success of multinational corporation (MNC) employees. This study has extended this research area by examining expatriates of Japan-based MNCs. In addition, this study has extended the existing identity-matching principle by incorporating a communication perspective. It investigated the antecedents and outcomes of subsidiary identification. Self-report survey data from 159 Japanese expatriates in the USA were analyzed. The results indicated the significance of local language proficiency in the development of identification with the subsidiary. In addition, local identification was the predictor of expatriates' adaptation to the subsidiary. Furthermore, the results showed that local organizational identification is related to their stress level in international assignments. These results also supported the growing view of situation-oriented identification. The follow-up interviews reinforced these results.
Angiotensin II contributes to blood pressure maintenance in conscious rats treated with yohimbine

Abstract Yohimbine (1 mg/kg s.c.) produced significant and persistent increases in plasma renin concentration and plasma norepinephrine concentration in conscious rats, but mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate were unchanged. The subsequent i.v. infusion of the angiotensin II receptor antagonist saralasin (100 μg/kg per min) caused a significant decrease (−17%) in MAP. We conclude that yohimbine-induced renin release, and the resultant rise in plasma angiotensin II concentration, prevents the decrease in MAP which would result from the blockade of vascular α-adrenoceptors by yohimbine.
A Conceptual Framework to Structure Research in Strategic and Social Entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurship can be characterized as consisting of two distinct approaches: social and commercial orientation. We present the validity network schema (VNS) to better understand these two orientations. The VNS is a framework that describes the components, stages, and paths for conducting research. The components of research reflect three domains: methodological, conceptual, and substantive. Social entrepreneurs generally begin their research efforts in the substantive domain, whereas commercial entrepreneurs initiate research in the conceptual domain. The article delineates ways in which researchers and practitioners whose focus is on one entrepreneurial orientation can learn from the other, draw insights from the VNS, and consequently enhance their efforts.
Effects of respiratory and non-respiratory factors on disability among older adults with airway obstruction: the Cardiovascular Health Study.

AbstractBackground: High rates of disability associated with chronic airway obstruction may be caused by impaired pulmonary function, pulmonary symptoms, other chronic diseases, or systemic inflammation. Methods: We analyzed data from the Cardiovascular Health Study, a longitudinal cohort of 5888 older adults. Categories of lung function (normal; restricted; borderline, mild-moderate, and severe obstruction) were delineated by baseline spirometry (without bronchodilator). Disability-free years were calculated as total years alive and without self-report of difficulty performing &γτ;1 Instrumental Activities of Daily Living over 6 years of follow-up. Using linear regression, we compared disability-free years by lung disease category, adjusting for demographic factors, body mass index, smoking, cognition, and other chronic co-morbidities. Among participants with airflow obstruction, we examined the association of respiratory factors (FEV1 and dyspnea) and non-respiratory factors (ischemic heart disease, con...
A modified enzymatic-isotopic microassay for serotonin (5HT) using 5HT-N-acetyltransferase partially purified from Drosophila

Abstract Serotonin-N-acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.5), partially purified from Drosophila melanogaster (DNAT) was substituted for rat liver enzyme (RNAT) in a previously published radioenzymatic assay for serotonin (5HT). The purpose was to determine if this modification would increase the sensitivity and reliability of the original assay. Compared with RNAT, DNAT is 3–4 times more active; it lacks secondary 5HTP decarboxylase activity; and it is more stable. Under conditions of the modified assay, the only radioactive product formed from hypothalamic tissue extracts is 3 H-melatonin; which can be measured from as little as 15 pg of serotonin substrate. Thus, substitution of DNAT for RNAT improves the original radioenzymatic assay allowing measurement of endogenous 5HT in hypothalamic nuclei from individual animals.
The estrogenic arousal of aggressive behavior in female mice.

Abstract Experiments were conducted to determine the conditions under which estrogen would promote male-like aggressive behavior in female mice. The results of the first experiment showed that most females chronically exposed to testosterone propionate (TP) in adulthood fought, whereas females similarly treated with estradiol benzoate (EB) did not display aggression. Another experiment found that, when either TP or EB was administered on the day of birth, adult females displayed aggression in response to daily EB injections during adult life. Also, the potentiating effect of neonatal hormone exposure declined over the first 12 days postpartum, as 100% of the Day 0, 75% of the Day 6, and 0% of the Day 12 and 18 TP-treated females fought in response to daily injections of 40 μg of EB in adulthood. The final study showed that, under the test conditions employed, the failure of a chronic adult EB regimen to promote aggression was not due to a competing tendency to display female sexual behavior.
A supramolecular microfluidic optical chemosensor.

A supramolecular microfluidic optical chemosensor (μFOC) has been fabricated. A serpentine channel has been patterned with a sol−gel film that incorporates a cyclodextrin supramolecule modified wit...
Phylogenetic relationships in Ribes (Grossulariaceae) inferred from ITS sequence data.

Nuclear ITS sequence data were employed to assess phylogenetic relationships within Ribes, an angiosperm genus of approximately 200 species that is well-known for its taxonomic complexity. Our analyses revealed several major clades within Ribes, informally referred to here as the Berisia, Calobotiya, Coreosma, and Grossularia sensu lato clades. The clades recovered indicate that some of the subgenera recognized in previous taxonomic treatments are largely monophyletic, including Calobotrya, Grossularia, and Grossularioides, Our data suggest broader circumscriptions of Lobbia, Berisia, and Coreosma. Other subgenera, such as Heritiera and Ribesia are likely polyphyletic, with constituent taxa scattered throughout the topology. The gooseberries in the broad sense (subgenera Grossularia, Hesperia, Lobbia and Robsonia), sometimes treated as a distinct genus Grossularia, are clearly embedded within Ribes and do not merit status as a separate genus. Comparison with a cpDNA topology reveals some similarities, such as the monophyly of subgenera Calobotrya and Grossularia and the inclusion of all gooseberries (Grossularia s. I. ) within Ribes. There are also noteworthy differences. In contrast to both ITS sequence data and morphological data, cpDNA restriction site data do not reveal a monophyletic Grossularia sensu lato clade comprising subgenera Grossularia, Hesperia, Lobbia, and Robsonia. However, few of the differences between the cpDNA and ITS trees are strongly supported. Our ITS topology suggests that dioecy may have evolved several times in the genus. We similarly explored floral form in light of our topology: highly reflexed sepals represent a morphological synapomorphy that unites the subgenera Grossularia, Hesperia, Lobbia and Robsonia, with a reversal in a single taxon.
Toward a Molecular Structure of the Eukaryotic Kinetochore

Chromosome segregation in eukaryotes requires a large molecular assembly termed the kinetochore to attach chromosomes to spindle microtubules. Recent work has made substantial progress in defining the composition and activities of the kinetochore, but much remains to be learned about its macromolecular structure. This commentary discusses recent insights into structural features of the kinetochore, how these inform our understanding of its biological function, and the key challenges for the future.
An optimal parallel algorithm for merging using multiselection

We consider the problem of merging two sorted arrays and on an exclusive read, exclusive write parallel random access machine (EREW PRAM, see [8] for a definition). Our approach consists of identifying elements in and which would have appropriate rank in the merged array. These elements partition the arrays and into equal-size subproblems which then can be assigned to each processor for sequential merging. Here, we present a novel parallel algorithm for selecting the required elements, which leads to a simple and optimal algorithm for merging in parallel. Thus, our technique differs from those of other optimal parallel algorithms for merging where the subarrays are defined by elements at fixed positions in and . Formally, the problem of selection can be stated as follows. Given two ordered multisets and of sizes and , where , the problem is to select the th smallest element in and combined. The problem can be solved sequentially in log time without explicitly merging and [5, 6]. Multiselection, a generalization of selection, is the problem where given a sequence of integers 1
Shocks and sounds in Quark–Gluon Plasma

Abstract Large energy deposition from LHC quenching jets restarted interest to shock formation. Shocks also have theoretical significance as the simplest out-of-equilibrium setting without time dependence. While weak shocks have small gradients and can be treated hydrodynamically in the Navier-Stokes (NS) approximation, the ones without a small parameter (strong shocks) needs other methods. Two of those will be applied: (i) the “resummed hydrodynamics” proposed earlier by Lublinsky and myself; and (ii) AdS/CFT correspondence, which uses the gravitational setting. In the latter case we apply novel variational approach and find approximate solution. The conclusion from both treatments is that the strong shocks deviate from NS only be few percent. We then propose a novel mechanism of shock production at hadronization, from Raileigh collapse of the QGP bubbles. Further discussion of the “fireball sonograms” deals with shocks/sounds produced by the quenching jets.
The β and γ bands of nitric oxide observed during the flash photolysis of nitrosyl chloride

Abstract The ultraviolet β and γ band systems of nitric oxide were photographed at high resolution following the flash photolysis of nitrosyl chloride in excess argon. Between 2700 and 3100 A, 17 bands of the NO γ system and 11 bands of the NO β system were found and analyzed. Molecular constants were derived for v ″ = 0, 1, ⋯, 16 of the X 2 Π ground state, and v ′ = 0, 1, ⋯, 5 for both the A 2 Σ and B 2 Π excited states.
Annotating images and image objects using a hierarchical dirichlet process model

Many applications call for learning to label individual objects in an image where the only information available to the learner is a dataset of images with their associated captions, i.e., words that describe the image content without specifically labeling the individual objects. We address this problem using a multi-modal hierarchical Dirichlet process model (MoM-HDP) - a nonparametric Bayesian model which provides a generalization for multi-model latent Dirichlet allocation model (MoM-LDA) used for similar problems in the past. We apply this model for predicting labels of objects in images containing multiple objects. During training, the model has access to an un-segmented image and its caption, but not the labels for each object in the image. The trained model is used to predict the label for each region of interest in a segmented image. MoM-HDP generalizes a multi-modal latent Dirichlet allocation model in that it allows the number of components of the mixture model to adapt to the data. The model parameters are efficiently estimated using variational inference. Our experiments show that MoM-HDP performs just as well as or better than the MoM-LDA model (regardless the choice of the number of clusters in the MoM-LDA model).
Erythrophagocytosis by epithelial cells of a breast carcinoma

Erytrophagocytosis by epithelial tumor cells has been observed in metastases of ductal carcinoma of the female breast. Some malignant cells of this tumor seem to be capable of phagocytizing and digesting extravasated red blood cells with for formation of residual hemosiderin probably from their hemoglobin content. Erythrophagocytosis has been observed only in hemorrhagic areas of the tumor. Erythrophagocytosis has been observed only in hemorrhagic areas of the tumor. Although the nature of this phenomenon is unknown, it is postulated that acquired hematological disturbancess during the natural course of the malignant disease affect the surface of the red blood cells making them vulnerable to phagocytosis by the malignant cells. This case seems to represent the second time such a phenomenon has been reported in an epithelial neoplasm in man. However, it has been more frequently observed in reticulo-endothelial malignancies. The possible occurence of this phenomenon should alert pathologists to search for it in primary and metastatic epithelial tumors and in living patients to correlate pertinent hematological studies in an attempt to elucidate its possible significance.
Diffusion-bonded stacked GaAs for quasiphase-matched second-harmonic generation of a carbon dioxide laser

The authors have fabricated a diffusion-bonded monolithic stack of GaAs plates for quaa-phase-matched second-harmonic generation of a 10.6 μm CO2 laser. This synthetic nonlinear crystal retains the thermomechanical properties of the bulk material, and has provided phase coherent nonlinear interaction over ∼0.4cm.
Ultrasonic attenuation near the antiferromagnetic critical point of CoO

Abstract From measurements of ultrasonic attenuation of both longitudinal and transverse waves in CoO near the antiferromagnetic critical point, it was found that other terms, including the single-ion coupling term may be as important as the usual volume-magnetostrictive coupling term.
Toxicological findings in a multi-drug death involving propoxyphene, caffeine, phenacetin, acetaminophen and salicylate

The toxicological findings of a multi-drug related fatal poisoning are described here. A 35-year-old Caucasian male found dead on the kitchen floor was a known user of abused drugs and had been taking aspirin alone or in combination with phenacetin and caffeine for the relief of joint pains. The gross examination of the organs at autopsy revealed slight grooving of the uncus and various stages of necrosis in the renal papillae. Histological examination confirmed the gross appearance of pulmonary congestion and edema, cerebral edema and interstitial nephritis of the tubules. Toxicological evaluation of the blood and urine samples disclosed the presence of propoxyphene (51 and 250 mg/l), salicylate (185 and 2750 mg/l), caffeine (16 and 37 mg/l), and phenacetin (9.6 and 20 mg/l). Furthermore, acetaminophen also was present in the plasma (54 mg/l) and urine. A gas liquid chromatographic method for simultaneous analysis of phenacetin and caffeine utilizing a nitrogen phosphorus detector was proposed.
Nonoccupational noise: exposures associated with routine activities.

Efforts to characterize nonoccupational noise exposures have focused primarily on infrequent, episodic events. Few studies have assessed noise levels resulting from routine daily activities. In the current study, 112 construction workers wore datalogging noise dosimeters and simultaneously completed activity logs during two phases of data collection. The 81 subjects monitored in phase 1 received logs listing numerous preselected occupational and nonoccupational activities, while the 31 subjects monitored in phase 2 used free-field logs and reported nonoccupational activities in greater detail. Nearly all of the 221 439 1-min intervals of nonoccupational Leq level and activity reporting were below 70 dBA; only a small percentage exceeded 80 dBA. The primary contributor to nonoccupational noise exposure was traveling in a car or bus, while time at home contributed the least. One hundred seventy 24-h Leq levels were computed from the 1-min noise level data. The percentage of phase 2 workday Leq(24) levels which exceeded 80 dBA was higher than that of the nonworkday levels. The mean Leq(24) level of phase 2 workdays was higher than that of nonworkdays, and the difference was statistically significant. Routine nonoccupational noise exposures contributed much less to total noise dose than occupational exposures in the subjects evaluated.
Real-time obstacle avoidance for fast mobile robots

A real-time obstacle avoidance approach for mobile robots has been developed and implemented. It permits the detection of unknown obstacles simultaneously with the steering of the mobile robot to avoid collisions and advance toward the target. The novelty of this approach, entitled the virtual force field method, lies in the integration of two known concepts: certainty grids for obstacle representation and potential fields for navigation. This combination is especially suitable for the accommodation of inaccurate sensor data as well as for sensor fusion and makes possible continuous motion of the robot with stopping in front of obstacles. This navigation algorithm also takes into account the dynamic behavior of a fast mobile robot and solves the local minimum trap problem. Experimental results from a mobile robot running at a maximum speed of 0.78 m/s demonstrate the power of the algorithm. >
Genome-wide detection of genes targeted by non-Ig somatic hypermutation in lymphoma.

The processes of somatic hypermutation (SHM) and class switch recombination introduced by activation-induced cytosine deaminase (AICDA) at the Immunoglobulin (Ig) loci are key steps for creating a pool of diversified antibodies in germinal center B cells (GCBs). Unfortunately, AICDA can also accidentally introduce mutations at bystander loci, particularly within the 5′ regulatory regions of proto-oncogenes relevant to diffuse large B cell lymphomas (DLBCL). Since current methods for genomewide sequencing such as Exon Capture and RNAseq only target mutations in coding regions, to date non-Ig promoter SHMs have been studied only in a handful genes. We designed a novel approach integrating bioinformatics tools with next generation sequencing technology to identify regulatory loci targeted by SHM genome-wide. We observed increased numbers of SHM associated sequence variant hotspots in lymphoma cells as compared to primary normal germinal center B cells. Many of these SHM hotspots map to genes that have not been reported before as mutated, including BACH2, BTG2, CXCR4, CIITA, EBF1, PIM2, and TCL1A, etc., all of which have potential roles in B cell survival, differentiation, and malignant transformation. In addition, using BCL6 and BACH2 as examples, we demonstrated that SHM sites identified in these 5′ regulatory regions greatly altered their transcription activities in a reporter assay. Our approach provides a first cost-efficient, genome-wide method to identify regulatory mutations and non-Ig SHM hotspots.
Chlorogenic Acid Differentially Alters Hepatic and Small Intestinal Thiol Redox Status Without Protecting Against Azoxymethane-Induced Colon Carcinogenesis in Mice

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States. Epidemiological data have suggested that coffee consumption is inversely related to CRC risk, which may be attributed to chlorogenic acid (CGA), an ester of caffeic acid (CA) and quinic acid. This study was conducted to determine whether chronic dietary CGA supplementation would attenuate tumorigenesis and oxidative stress in a mouse model of azoxymethane (AOM)-induced colon cancer. Mice (4-wk old; n = 15/group) were fed CGA (0%, 0.01%, or 0.1%) for 20 wk and received 6 weekly intraperitoneal AOM injections (10 mg/kg). CGA and CA dose-dependently accumulated in the small intestinal mucosa. AOM induced (P < 0.05) colonic aberrant crypt foci (14.2 +/- 1.9/field) and tumors (14.6 +/- 1.1/colon), which were correlated (r = .677; P < 0.05), and CGA at either dose did not reduce tumorigenesis. Hepatic GSH/GSSG and Cys/CySS ratios were unaffected by AOM, but CGA at 0.1% increased these ratios by decreasing GSSG and CySS. CGA did not affect the ratios of small intestinal GSH/GSSG or Cys/CySS, which were decreased in response to AOM treatment. Collectively, these data indicated that CGA did not protect against AOM-induced tumorigenesis but affected hepatic thiol redox status in this colon cancer model.
Decay of 67Cu

Abstract The γ-rays following the β-decay of 67 Cu have been investigated with a high-resolution Ge(Li) detector. The 67 Cu was produced by double neutron capture on 65 Cu. Gamma rays of energies (and relative intensities) 91.26 (155), 93.25 (360), 184.53 (1000), 208.95 (2.4), 300.22 (15.7) and 393.60 (4.3) keV were observed. The γ-rays have been incorporated in a level scheme of 67 Zn with levels (and spins and parities) at 0( 5 2 − ), 93.3 ( 1 2 − ), 184.5 ( 3 2 − ) and 393.5 ( 3 2 − ) keV .
303. Measurement of human cortical GABA synthesis in vivo

Studies of GABA receptors and CSF GABA levels have implicated the GABAergic system in mood disorders. Recently H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) has shown that cortical GABA is changed in unipolar depression. The mechanism of the changes is unknown and may hold clues for clinical effects and treatments. GABA synthesis may be reduced, or GABA turnover may be elevated by GABAergic overstimulation, reaching new, lower steady-state levels. Key to evaluating these possibilities is the ability to measure the synthesis of cortical GABA in humans in vivo. C MRS was used to detect the incorporation of the non-radioactive isotope C in GABA, glutamate, and glutamate during a 90-minute infusion of [1-C]glucose in three healthy volunteers. The GABA C2 time course was fitted with a single exponential function after removing the contribution from natural abundance labeling of the co-resonant N-acetylaspartate C3, showing that 2.4 6 2.1% (mean 6 s.d.) of the GABA pool is degraded and replaced per minute. Given a GABA concentration of 1.48 mmol g in healthy controls obtained from previous H MRS studies (Sanacora et al., Arch Psych 56:1043), the rate of synthesis of GABA was estimated to be 0.035 mmol min g, which is ;4% of the rate of the cortical tricarboxylic acid cycle. While more studies will more precisely define the rate, the results demonstrate the possibility of direct measurements of GABA synthesis in mood disorders.
Vicinal 1H199Hg coupling constants

Abstract Vicinal 1 H 199 Hg coupling constants, J (HHg) vic have been measured for a number of compounds whose stereochemistry is, to varying degrees, known. The results can be rationalized if it is postulated that J (HHg) vic is ∼ 600 c/sec when the H and Hg atoms are trans and ∼ 100 c/sec when they are gauche . The chloromercuri group seems to give rise to very small lateral interactions with vicinal atoms and groups, presumably because of its very long bond to carbon.
Rapid pyrolysis and combustion of pulverized montana rosebud subbituminous coal

The pyrolysis and combustion of narrowly size-graded pulverized Montana Rosebud subbituminous coal has been studied in an entrained-flow reactor which allows independent control of the gas temperature (1150 K–1750 K) and oxygen concentration (0–15%), with a dilute particle loading to eliminate inter-particle interactions. The use of both gas and solids sampling provides independent characterizations of the extent of pyrolysis and combustion. At high gas temperatures (1750 K) rapid pyrolysis is observed, with ultimate pyrolysis yields reached within 11 msec. Physical analysis of the partly reacted chars quantitatively confirm the pyrolysis yields based on gas sampling, with a rapid formation of voids within the particles and ejection of mass (before 11 msec), and relatively little change thereafter. Gas sampling indicates carbon conversion during pyrolysis of 29% at 1540 K and 40% at 1750 K. Carbon-containing pyrolysis products include CO, CO 2 , light hydrocarbons and tar; nitrogen is detected primarily as HCN, with smaller amounts of NH 3 . Under oxidizing conditions, even at oxygen concentrations as low as 2.0%, these pyrolysis products are oxidized at early residence times, and virtually no hydrocarbons, tar, HCN or NH 3 are detected. Following pyrolysis, diffusion-limited char combustion is observed at 2.0% O 2 , with a transition from zone III to zone II kinetics as the oxygen concentration increases from 2.0% to 15%.
Transfers between free and combined oxygen flows in determining facilitated transport with membranes on the transport path

Abstract The facilitated transport of a species brought about by a diffusible carrier is mediated by the sharing of the total flow between the flow of the free species (ƒ d ) and of the species-carrier compound (ƒ c ). The presence of membranes impermeable to the carrier on the transport path is accompanied by transfers between ƒ d and ƒ c in regions next to the membranes. These transfers are associated with differences between the current species-carrier concentration and the one that would exist at chemical equilibrium with the free species. These differences determine that the actual facilitated transport is smaller than the possible maximum. Analytic approximations to describe these differences are obtained; they are expressed in terms of physicochemical entities germane to the transport. This leads to a better conceptual understanding of the process. A relatively small system of algebraic equations for the numerical solution of the facilitated transport is formulated. A feature of this approach is that, instead of matching the values of functions at some points, the flows derived from integrals evaluated over some intervals are matched. The expressions for the physicochemical entities obtained contain the parameters explicitly; this permits analysis of the mechanism involved in the dependence of the facilitated transport on the parameters of the system. It is shown, for instance, that the increase of the “on” chemical coefficient may result in either an increase or a decrease of the facilitated transport, depending on the current values of the parameters.
Implementation of de Bruijn and Kautz bus networks using waveguide holograms

In this paper, we discuss multihop optical bus interconnection networks. For massive parallel computing systems, such interconnection can interconnect a large number of processing elements and reduce system latency at the same time. We give the qualitative results of De Bruijn bus network and Kautz bus network as an engineering options based on combinatorial hypergraph theory and a uniform alphabetic constructive method. We also give an implementation method via polymer based waveguide holograms.
Objective assessment of aesthetic outcomes of breast cancer treatment: Measuring ptosis from clinical photographs

The aesthetic outcome of breast cancer treatment is an important factor in breast cancer survivors' quality of life. We investigated new quantitative, objective measurements of breast ptosis based on ratios of distances between fiducial points manually identified in oblique and lateral clinical photographs. Ptosis refers to the extent to which the nipple is lower than the inframammary fold. The new objective measures were compared to ratings made using an existing subjective scale. The variability in the objective measurements due to intra- and inter-observer variability in marking fiducial points was shown to be equivalent to less than one point on the subjective ptosis scale.
The decay of 0.3 sec Ba136m

Abstract A radioactivity with a measured half-life of 0.37±0.05 sec has been chemically separated from specimens of 12.9 d Cs 136 and was found to be associated with prominent gamma rays of energies 164±5, 818±10 and 1053±10 keV. These data are consistent with the activity being due to the decay of the 2035 keV metastable level in Ba 136 , postulated in a previously published decay scheme for Cs 136 .
Sleeping Beauty and the forgetful Bayesian

1. Consider the case of Sleeping Beauty: on Sunday she is put to sleep, and she knows that on Monday experimenters will wake her up, and then put her to sleep with a memory-erasing drug that causes her to forget that waking-up. The researchers will then flip a fair coin; if the result is Heads, they will allow her to continue to sleep, and if the result is Tails, they will wake her up again on Tuesday. Thus, when she is awakened, she will not know whether it is Monday or Tuesday. On Sunday, she assigns probability 1/2 to the proposition H that the coin lands Heads. What probability should she assign to H on Monday, when she wakes up? Adam Elga (2000) argues that the answer is 1/3. As Elga (citing Ned Hall) points out, though, this answer violates Bas van Fraassen's (1984, 1995a) Reflection Principle, which entails that
A study of mirror writing in relation to handedness and perceptual and motor habits

Resume UNE ETUDE DE L'ECRITURE DE MIROIR EN RELATION AVEC L'USAGE DES MAINS ET LES HABITUDES PERCEPTIVES MOTRICES 1. Cet article presente une petite note historique et un resume bibliographique des publications sur l'ecriture de miroir (“mirror-writing”) non comprises dans les etudes anterieures. 2. Il donne en detail les resultats d'etudier sept enfants qui ont montre une ecriture spontanee de miroir. Dans chaque cas on presente des observations individuelles et donne les donnees suivantes: (a) ǎge; (b) Q.I.; (c) position scolaire; (d) l'usage des mains comme determine par des tests et par l'histoire sociale; (e) la vitesse et la qualite de l'ecriture normale et de l'ecriture de miroir; (f) l'habilete de l'indviduel pour le dessin. 3. On tire les conclusions suivantes sur la base des cas etudies: (a) Ils ont montre tous une ecriture frappante de miroir. (b) Dans chaque cas l'ecriture de miroir s'est initiee spontanement. (c) La vitesse de l'ecriture a ere parfois plus grande, et parfois moins grande que ...