cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Persian Language as Vehicle of Islamic Cultural Memory in Ottoman Bosnia

This work represents an attempt to point out, within the framework of Islamic culture and civilisation in the Balkans, at a segment of creativity of Bosnians in the Persian language and a segment influenced by Persian culture within the Bosnian territory. Islam is not only a religion but also a civilisation and culture, which by the means of Ottoman conquest and Ottoman Rule came to Bosnia and Herzegovina. As Ottomans were in science and philosophy, in literature especially, very much influenced by Persians, they also left a trace on the culture of Bosnia and Herzegovina, on literary tradition especially. Numerous manuscripts of different Persian works have also been preserved in manuscript collections all over Bosnia and Herzegovina. That is an indicator of interest (curiosity) Bosnians had for creativity in this language. Although there were mostly copies of poetry, since Persian enjoyed a reputation as a language of poetry in Bosnia, other fields were also represented, such as: dictionaries, handbooks for teaching Persian, grammars and other in this copies. The Islamic civilisation circle and the Ottoman Empire respectively, as representative of this circle in this area were cultural and historical and languages bridge that have spanned time and space, and joined the civilisation of the outermost East and the outermost West of the Ottoman Empire. This civilisation bridge has been lasting to this very day.
Proteases and oxidant stress control organic dust induction of inflammatory gene expression in lung epithelial cells

Persistant inflammatory responses to infectious agents and other components in organic dust underlie lung injury and development of respiratory diseases. Organic dust components responsible for eliciting inflammation and the mechanisms by which they cause lung inflammation are not fully understood. We studied the mechanisms by which protease activities in poultry dust extracts and intracellular oxidant stress induce inflammatory gene expression in A549 and Beas2B lung epithelial cells. The effects of dust extracts on inflammatory gene expression were analyzed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), enzyme linked immunosorbent (ELISA) and western blot assays. Oxidant stress was probed by dihydroethidium (DHE) labeling, and immunostaining for 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE). Effects on interleukin-8 (IL-8) promoter regulation were determined by transient transfection assay. Dust extracts contained trypsin and elastase activities, and activated protease activated receptor (PAR)-1 and -2. Serine protease inhibitors and PAR-1 or PAR-2 knockdown suppressed inflammatory gene induction. Dust extract induction of IL-8 gene expression was associated with increased DHE-fluorescence and 4-HNE staining, and antioxidants suppressed inflammatory gene induction. Protease inhibitors and antioxidants suppressed protein kinase C and NF-κB activation and induction of IL-8 promoter activity in cells exposed to dust extract. Our studies demonstrate that proteases and intracellular oxidants control organic dust induction of inflammatory gene expression in lung epithelial cells. Targeting proteases and oxidant stress may serve as novel approaches for the treatment of organic dust induced lung diseases. This is the first report on the involvement of oxidant stress in the induction of inflammatory gene expression by organic dust.
Finite element analysis of stress stiffening effects in CMUTS

We use finite element analysis (FEA) to model capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducer (CMUT) cells where stress stiffening affects static deflection, pull-in voltage, resonance frequency, and small-signal sensitivity. Determining the small-signal sensitivity is challenging because it requires a prestressed harmonic response analysis in which the geometric nonlinearities are activated during the static analysis to prestress the structure. The goal is a correct static operation point calculation for CMUT plates that exceed a static deflection-to-thickness ratio of 20%. Assuming only a small AC excitation, we use a linear but updated stiffness matrix to calculate the harmonic response. We achieve this by using a prestressed mode superposition harmonic response analysis, which uses the sum of factored mode shapes obtained from a nonlinear prestressed modal analysis. We test our FEA for two CMUTs, of which one operates in a more membrane-dominated regime. Comparisons to measurements demonstrate that only the FEA that accounts for stress stiffening features good agreement for both designs. Our FEA allows us to model CMUTs that operate in a more membrane-dominated regime.
Image Processing Assisted Tools for Pre- and Post-processing Operations in Additive Manufacturing☆

Additive Manufacturing (AM) or 3D printing (3DP) process is a layer by layer manufacturing approach for manufacturing parts with complex geometries. The STL (Stereolithography) file format is the de-facto industry standard for manufacturing parts by AM/3DP. The STL file is a triangular mesh representation of CAD geometry in non-uniform rational B-spline (NURBS) surface format and thus is an approximation of actual part geometry. During the conversion of a complex CAD geometry to an STL file, geometric errors are introduced in the model. These drawbacks associated with the STL file may translate into a faulty or inaccurate final manufactured part. This paper presents a novel Image Processing (IP) based Direct CAD Slicer, IPSlicer, which can be used to manufacture components directly from CAD geometry (without converting to STL file). Using sectional image snapshots of a part, captured normal to the build direction and sectional 2D bounding box data, contour points for each section are identified by performing boundary tracing operation followed by application of Contour Mapping Algorithm (CMA). The method slices the actual NURBS geometry and thus parts manufactured by this method have reduced GD&T errors such as flatness, cylindricity, and profile error. In addition, a support removability analysis tool is developed by performing color-based segmentation on sectional image snapshots in conjunction with a pixel traversal approach. Using the segmented images and sectional bounding box, a sintering area and time calculation tool for each layer is also developed. The effectiveness of IPSlicer is verified by virtually manufacturing test components and calculating GD&T errors by the application of computational metrology algorithms on virtually manufactured data. The support removability analysis tool as well as sintering time and area calculator are validated using several test parts.
Prepotent motor activity and inhibitory control demands in different variants of the go/no-go paradigm

Inhibitory control enables humans to stop prepotent motor activity, and is commonly studied using go/no-go or stop-signal tasks. In stop-signal tasks, prepotent motor activity is elicited by delaying stop signals relative to go signals. In go/no-go tasks, however, trials include only one signal-go or no-go. Hence, prepotent motor activity has to be ensured differently-for example, by using rare no-go trials and short trial durations. However, a literature survey shows that ∼40% of studies use equiprobable go/no-go trials and ∼20% use long stimulus-stimulus intervals (> 4 s). It is unclear whether such slow-paced, equiprobable go/no-go tasks elicit prepotent motor activity and probe inhibitory control. We recorded EEG during four go/no-go tasks, varying in no-go probability and trial duration. We quantified prepotent motor activity on successfully inhibited no-go trials using the lateralized readiness potential. Only fast-paced go/no-go tasks with rare no-go trials reliably evoked such activity. We then used a stop-signal task and independent component analysis to isolate an established neural signature of inhibitory control, and investigated this signature's activity across the go/no-go tasks. Across tasks, increased prepotent motor activity on individual no-go trials was accompanied by greater frontocentral P3 amplitudes, confirming it as an index of inhibition. Crucially, this inhibition-related activity showed a 75% reduction in slow-paced, equiprobable go/no-go tasks compared to fast-paced, rare no-go versions. Therefore, since many common go/no-go task configurations do not reliably evoke prepotent motor activity, their inhibitory requirements are greatly reduced. This has major implications for the usage of go/no-go tasks in psychological experiments.
Monkey: Optimal Navigable Key-Value Store

In this paper, we show that key-value stores backed by an LSM-tree exhibit an intrinsic trade-off between lookup cost, update cost, and main memory footprint, yet all existing designs expose a suboptimal and difficult to tune trade-off among these metrics. We pinpoint the problem to the fact that all modern key-value stores suboptimally co-tune the merge policy, the buffer size, and the Bloom filters' false positive rates in each level. We present Monkey, an LSM-based key-value store that strikes the optimal balance between the costs of updates and lookups with any given main memory budget. The insight is that worst-case lookup cost is proportional to the sum of the false positive rates of the Bloom filters across all levels of the LSM-tree. Contrary to state-of-the-art key-value stores that assign a fixed number of bits-per-element to all Bloom filters, Monkey allocates memory to filters across different levels so as to minimize this sum. We show analytically that Monkey reduces the asymptotic complexity of the worst-case lookup I/O cost, and we verify empirically using an implementation on top of LevelDB that Monkey reduces lookup latency by an increasing margin as the data volume grows (50%-80% for the data sizes we experimented with). Furthermore, we map the LSM-tree design space onto a closed-form model that enables co-tuning the merge policy, the buffer size and the filters' false positive rates to trade among lookup cost, update cost and/or main memory, depending on the workload (proportion of lookups and updates), the dataset (number and size of entries), and the underlying hardware (main memory available, disk vs. flash). We show how to use this model to answer what-if design questions about how changes in environmental parameters impact performance and how to adapt the various LSM-tree design elements accordingly.
Body and Mind in Early China and Greece

This article surveys several early Chinese and Greek representations of the self, with particular interest in relations between body and mind. I begin with Edward Slingerland’s application of recent research in conceptual metaphor analysis to early Chinese texts, his arguments on early Chinese root metaphors for self and an important study of mind-body dualism in early China. Next I introduce metaphors of mind and body in texts from technical expertise traditions that Slingerland’s survey does not cover. The last section introduces three apparently comparable sets of early Chinese and Greek metaphors: (1) analogies between mind and body and ruler and subordinates; (2) metaphors of the body as a container in which the mind is somehow contained; and (3) the notion that a person is a set of balances between constituent elements.
Critique [of Gong Lum v. Rice: The Convergence of Law, Race and Ethnicity by Malik Simba]

Law in the United States may of course be viewed through a number of different perspectives. Over the past several decades, racial minorities have used litigation and legislation to reform institutional policies and practices, and this has given impetus to perspectives of law as a significant tool of constructive social change. While such frameworks have validity, Malik Simba9s paper is a relevant reminder of the ideological and coercive dimensions of law and of its long history as a means of oppressing racial minorities.
Pediatric Disaster Preparation in the Prehospital Setting

Recent disaster incidents have shown that pediatric disaster preparedness is more important than ever. Children represent nearly 25% of our population and are one of the most vulnerable groups, making them likely to be victims in disaster incidents. However, in spite of repeated efforts to adequately address the needs of children after disasters, progress for pediatric disaster preparedness has lagged behind efforts to improve general disaster preparedness. Previous disasters have demonstrated that children should be considered as part of the general population when planning occurs. Pediatric expertise and participation in disaster planning and drills would be invaluable in addressing the unique needs of children during these incidents. Furthermore, in order to have a sufficient response to pediatric needs by prehospital providers during a disaster, adequate coordination for pediatric care among emergency medical services systems needs to exist. Recent research has been performed on pediatric disaster triage; pediatric disaster training; pediatric chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, and explosive (CBRNE) events; pediatric decontamination; and pediatric disaster mental health. This work has advanced the knowledge for this very specialized field. However, further research is necessary to continually improve the quality of care that children receive during and after a disaster incident in the prehospital setting, as the pediatric population will very likely be impacted by disasters to come.
Influence of Anion and Crosslink Density on the Ionic Conductivity of 1,2,3-Triazolium-Based Poly(ionic liquid) Polyester Networks

Covalently crosslinked, 1,2,3-triazolium-containing poly(ionic liquid) networks are prepared using Michael addition polymerization. Crosslink density and counteranion are varied in order to decipher the relationships between poly(ionic liquid) (PIL) structure and their thermal, mechanical, and conductive properties. An increase in acrylate concentration leads to a higher crosslink density, as reflected by an increase in the differential scanning calorimetry Tg, dynamic mechanical analyzer E′, and a decrease in the ionic conductivity. Most notable with variable counteranion PILs is that analysis of the ionic conductivity curves reveals a common “crossover” point at ≈85 °C (same acrylate:acetoacetate ratio). Below this crossover temperature, the ionic conductivity appears to be more dependent upon network/polymer chain dynamics. Above 85 °C, the conductivity correlates best with the size of the counteranion. All of the PILs reported here exhibit good ionic conductivities (10−6 to 10−8 S cm−1@25 °C, 30% RH), supporting the notion that 1,2,3-triazolium-containing PILs represent a vastly underrated electroactive material platform.
High power two-color orbital angular momentum beam generation using vertical external cavity surface emitting lasers

We report the design and experimental results for a two-chip T-cavity vertical external cavity surface emitting laser utilized for two-color collinear generation of Hermite-Gaussian and Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) transverse modes. A combination of intracavity mode-control elements and an external astigmatic mode converter was used to achieve high power LG modes. By incorporating intracavity birefringent filters in each arm of the T-cavity, wide wavelength tuning in excess of 12 nm of each mode is demonstrated. Output power exceeding 1.5 W is measured for all the modes.
The Role of Teacher Educators’ Personal Histories and Motivations in Shaping Opportunities to Learn About Social Justice

BackgroundAs social-justice-focused teacher education programs continue to gain prominence, a wealth of research explores approaches for preparing teachers for social-justice-minded teaching. This ...
Undistorted linear Bi chains with hypervalent bonding in La3TiBi5 from single-crystal X-ray diffraction.

The crystal structure of the lanthanum titanium bis­muthide La3TiBi5 (Pearson code hP18, Wyckoff sequence b d g2) has been established from single-crystal X-ray diffraction data and analyzed in detail using first-principles calculations. There are no anomalies pertaining to the atomic displacement parameter of the Ti site, previously reported based on a powder X-ray diffraction analysis of this compound. The anionic substructure contains columns of face-sharing TiBi6 octa­hedra and linear Bi chains. Due to a significant La(5d) and Bi(6p) orbital mixing, a perfectly one-dimensional character of the Bi chains is not realised, while a three-dimensional electronic structure is established instead. The latter fact explains the stability of the polyanionic pnictide units against Peierls distortions. The hypervalent bonding in the Bi chains is reflected in a rather long Bi—Bi distance of 3.2264 (4) A and a typical pattern of bonding and anti­bonding inter­actions, as revealed by electronic structure calculations.
Broadening Participation by Including More Individuals With Disabilities in STEM: Promising Practices From an Engineering Research Center:

This article describes successful practices for including individuals with disabilities (e.g., leaders, students, faculty researchers, advisory board members) in the Center for Sensorimotor Neural ...
Public religions after socialism: redefining norms of difference

ABSTRACTReligion has come to assume quite a public presence in many parts of Eastern Europe. The instrumental use of clergy, religious sentiment and transcendent symbolism reflects the emergence of conditions in which religion is capable of playing an expedient role in processes of forging a new governing and moral order. At this critical juncture, when norms of gender, ethnicity, regionalism and language politics are being redefined, the ambient presence of religiosity makes political initiatives and political protest expressed in a religious idiom particularly effective. Religion has become a resource used to provide the moral justification for proposed norms of behaviour and to legitimate the legal regulations and coercive mechanisms to enforce them. In this way, religion is going public. This article analyses why and how religion assumes a public presence capable of steering the direction of political change and explains how this relates to the practices of everyday religiosity revealed in ethnography.
Tort law and culture

This book analyzes tort law as a reflection of American society. Discerning in this branch of law "a cultural mosaic," the book identifies some areas in which judicial decisions reflect general agreement that moral principles govern the law. It also indicates how other areas of tort law reflect our ambivalences about "rights" and "wrongs" - how we are of "two minds" about what the law should be, because we are of two minds about what we ought to be. Among the well-known personalities that illustrate particular aspects of culture are Paula Jones and Bill Clinton (disagreements about the limits of the law concerning sexual harassment); Ralph Nader (whose suit against General Motors is a landmark in tort privacy law); Karen Silkwood (whose survivors' suit for plutonium contamination is a graphic example of arguments over strict liability for abnormally dangerous activities); and Richard Nixon (who argued for the plaintiffs in a Supreme Court case involving media privacy issues). Besides spotlighting these famous figures, the book concentrates on how the roots of culture manifest themselves in a multitude of cases involving ordinary people. A recurrent theme is how tort wars reflect wider culture wars - notably those between a "justice culture" and a "market culture." One example of these types of clashes appears in cases involving injuries that workers ascribe to the design of industrial machines they must use to do their jobs. In discussing that type of case, the book shows the sharp disagreements about personal responsibility reflected in wider political discourse. It demonstrates that we are both compassionate and hardhearted, and that those opposed tendencies make themselves felt in deciding whether to enforce hard bargains about injury risks. These themes also appear in the book's treatment of consumers' preoccupation with their material possessions. The book shows how our responses to disappointment with failures of products reveals those products "as repositories of our aspirations and definers of ourselves." Another example of the book's examination of cultural tensions appears in its treatment of the differences of opinion among both lawyers and ordinary people about the merits of emotional anguish as a foundation for compensation. In its discussion of the controversy about whether to allow recovery for negligent infliction of emotional distress, the book suggests that there may be a little bit of General Patton in even many of the most compassionate among us.
Magnetic impurity bands in Ga 1 − x Mn x S : Towards understanding the anomalous spin-glass transition

We report on the magnetic and electronic properties of single-crystalline ${\mathrm{Ga}}_{0.91}{\mathrm{Mn}}_{0.09}\mathrm{S}$, which is a quasi-two-dimensional diluted magnetic semiconductor (DMS). Through an analysis of magnetization data, we show the existence of an anomalously high spin-glass transition temperature at 11.2 K. Using density functional theory (DFT), we characterize the properties contributing to the spin-glass transition through an examination of the electronic and magnetic properties for ${\mathrm{Ga}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Mn}}_{x}\mathrm{S}$ with $x$ varying from 0.00 to 0.18 by randomly substituting Mn atoms into the gallium (Ga) lattice sites. We show that the presence of magnetic atoms produces impurity bands in the electronic structure, where an analysis of the density of states shows an increase in magnetic impurity bands at the Fermi level that lowers the semiconducting gap and is consistent with diluted magnetic semiconductors. Furthermore, this indicates that the spin-glass transition in ${\mathrm{Ga}}_{0.91}{\mathrm{Mn}}_{0.09}\mathrm{S}$ is similar to other DMS materials, where the primary mechanism is likely through magnetic exchange. However, the increased electron density in the system with Mn doping could explain the anomalously higher spin-glass transition temperature in ${\mathrm{Ga}}_{0.91}{\mathrm{Mn}}_{0.09}\mathrm{S}$. In comparison with the substantially lower transition temperatures in related II-VI based systems (i.e., ${\mathrm{Zn}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}\mathrm{Mn}{}_{x}\mathrm{Te}$), the high transition temperature is associated with more metallic spin-glass systems that interact through RKKY exchange, which leads to the conclusion that there may be a combination of interactions occurring in these systems. Further measurements on the other substitution percentages will hopefully clarify these interactions.
Catalytic β C–H amination via an imidate radical relay

The first catalytic strategy to harness imidate radicals for C–H functionalization has been developed. This iodine-catalyzed approach enables β C–H amination of alcohols by an imidate-mediated radical relay. In contrast to our first-generation, (super)stoichiometric protocol, this catalytic method enables faster and more efficient reactivity. Furthermore, lower oxidant concentration affords broader functional group tolerance, including alkenes, alkynes, alcohols, carbonyls, and heteroarenes. Mechanistic experiments interrogating the electronic nature of the key 1,5 H-atom transfer event are included, as well as probes for chemo-, regio-, and stereo-selectivity.
Predictors of Survival to Discharge and Ventricular Recovery after VA-ECMO Support for Acute Myocardial Infarction Complicated by Cardiogenic Shock

Purpose The use of veno-arterial extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) following acute myocardial infarction (AMI) with cardiogenic shock (CS) is increasing, but the ability to predict favorable clinical response is limited. We investigated predictors of in hospital mortality and ventricular recovery in patients supported with VA-ECMO for AMI-CS. Methods We retrospectively reviewed charts of patients with AMI who were supported with VA-ECMO from 2007-2018. Data collected included AMI characteristics and measures of cardiac function. Logistic regression was used to identify predictors of survival to discharge and recovery which was defined as survival to discharge without heart replacement therapy (HRT, durable LVAD or transplant). Results 137 patients were treated with VA-ECMO for AMI during the study period. Mean cardiac index at implantation in the cohort was 1.82 ±0.53 and 26 patients (18.9%) had VA-ECMO placed during active CPR. 43 patients (31.4%) were supported with IABP either before or during VA-ECMO support; 75 patients (54.7%) were supported with Impella either before or during VA-ECMO support. 30-day survival was 60.6% and 52.6% survived to discharge. Of the 72 patients surviving to discharge, 26 (36.1%) were discharged with HRT and 46 (63.9%) had recovery. In a multivariable analysis including, age, gender, lactate, TIMI 3 flow in culprit artery, and LV ejection fraction, younger age was the only independent predictor of survival to discharge (OR 1.18, p=0.02). Independent predictors of ventricular recovery were presence of TIMI 3 flow in culprit artery (OR 5.45, p=0.03) and residual CAD (OR 0.22, p=0.04, Table). At a median follow-up of 375 days (IQR 112, 959) after discharge, 2/46 (4.3%) patients required HRT. Conclusion In patients supported with VA-ECMO for AMI-CS, younger age was associated with survival to discharge while markers of successful revascularization were associated with ventricular recovery.
ColumbiaNLP at SemEval-2019 Task 8: The Answer is Language Model Fine-tuning

Community Question Answering forums are very popular nowadays, as they represent effective means for communities to share information around particular topics. But the information shared on these forums are often not authentic. This paper presents the ColumbiaNLP submission for the SemEval-2019 Task 8: Fact-Checking in Community Question Answering Forums. We show how fine-tuning a language model on a large unannotated corpus of old threads from Qatar Living forum helps us to classify question types (factual, opinion, socializing) and to judge the factuality of answers on the shared task labeled data from the same forum. Our system finished 4th and 2nd on Subtask A (question type classification) and B (answer factuality prediction), respectively, based on the official metric of accuracy.
The Observed Structure and Precipitation Characteristics of Southeast Atlantic Stratocumulus from Airborne Radar during ORACLES 2016–17

AbstractDuring the Observations of Aerosols above Clouds and Their Interactions (ORACLES) 2016 and 2017 field experiments, the Third Generation Advanced Precipitation and Cloud Radar (APR-3) flew a...
A Celiac Care Index Improves Care of Pediatric Patients Newly Diagnosed with Celiac Disease.

Objectives To describe quality improvement efforts to reduce variability in the care of children diagnosed with celiac disease through use of an institutional patient registry and a chronic care index. Study design An institutional patient registry tracked rates of follow-up visits and repeat serologic testing. A Celiac Care Index that included anthropometrics, biopsy expectations, dietician consultation, and baseline laboratory evaluation was developed to standardize evaluation at diagnosis. Provider education sessions communicated expectations for this standard of care and order sets within the electronic medical record simplified test collection. Data was recorded and reviewed weekly and structured communications with providers were provided biweekly. Results Adherence with follow-up expectations (77%-89% P = .03) and repeat serologic testing (50%-90% P Conclusions The Celiac Care Index improved adherence with published care recommendations and reduced variability in baseline evaluation at diagnosis. Laboratory test results indicate further studies are needed to evaluate these recommendations.
Measurements of mass-dependent Te isotopic variation by hydride generation MC-ICP-MS

Tellurium (Te) stable isotope measurements have the potential to serve as tracers of Te mobility and redox conditions in modern and ancient environments. Here, we present a method to measure Te isotope ratios by MC-ICP-MS utilizing a hydride generation system to efficiently deliver Te to the plasma, in combination with a 120Te–124Te double spike. This approach allows for precise δ130Te/126Te (2σ: 0.09‰) measurements while using less than 8.75 ng of natural Te. Although hydride generation methods usually produce higher sensitivity than more conventional methods, for Te, the sensitivity is similar, on our instrument, to that achieved using a desolvating nebulizer. Nonetheless, hydride generation has an advantageous ability to exclude interfering elements such as Ba and allow analysis of samples without chemical separation of Te in some cases. We also demonstrate successfully a modified ion exchange procedure to separate various matrix components and isobaric interferences from Te in natural sediments. Analyses of multiple digestions of USGS standard reference materials, mine tailings, ancient sediments, and soils utilizing this approach show the largest spread in terrestrial Te isotopic composition to date (δ130Te/126Te ∼ 1.21‰) and a lack of detectable mass-independent fractionation.
Global Health Biosecurity in a Vulnerable World – An Evaluation of Emerging Threats and Current Disaster Preparedness Strategies for the Future

Global health biosecurity faces many limitations with growing concern surrounding industrialization and urban development that is continuing across the globe, bringing with it the need to better understand the challenges this growth may have on our ability to maintain health sustainability, safety, and security. With the expansion of technologies and research comes both wonderous discoveries and great burden regarding the potential utilization of novel creations for harm instead of good. Biosecurity was developed not only for preparedness and protection from bioterrorism, but also to evaluate the interconnectedness of all aspects of safety and security of the planet, including areas of agricultural biosecurity, research biosecurity, human and animal health, pandemic threats, as well as threats from global warming and the recent increase in natural disasters. Global health biosecurity is attainable through effective collaborations between stakeholders at all levels from the ground up, which requires strong partnerships that extend past the imaginary boundaries of community, county, province, state, or country. Although there is no definitive amount of biosecurity preparedness that can eliminate all risks to human health, the current limitations that are present in global health biosecurity can be reduced through effective education and adequate partnering in disaster management, preparedness planning, and development of protection strategies. Strengthening global health partnerships can further ignite the ability to respond in the event of a biosecurity breach, whether intentional or accidental in nature, enabling an actionable plan which appropriately mitigates recovery creating security and resilience within the population. The history of infectious diseases has shown that the planet is ever changing with new challenges expected from unknown and remerging diseases that could affect human and animal health, as well as agricultural sustainability which may continue to make the earth and its inhabitants vulnerable to biological threats. Global health biosecurity has the ability to rise to these unknown challenges by utilizing the knowledge from the past, evaluating the research of today, strengthening global partnerships, and reinforcing biosecurity commitment through unified collaborations across borders.
Rapid brain MRI protocols reduce head computerized tomography use in the pediatric emergency department.

Rapid magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) protocols may be effective in the emergency department (ED) to evaluate nontraumatic neurologic complaints. We evaluate neuroimaging (rapid MRI [rMRI]), head computerized tomography [HCT], and full MRI) use following widespread implementation of rMRI protocols in a pediatric emergency department (ED). We conducted a retrospective study in a tertiary care pediatric ED of encounters with neuroimaging during two 9-month periods: one prior to (control period) and one after generalized availability of 4 rMRI protocols (rMRI period). The primary outcome was differences in neuroimaging rates between the two periods. Secondary outcomes included ED process measures, unsuccessful imaging, and undetected pathology, with full MRI within 14 days as the reference standard. There were 1052 encounters with neuroimaging during the control and 1308 during the rMRI periods. Differences in neuroimaging between periods were 27.7% for rMRI (95% CI, 24.4, 31.0), − 21.5% for HCT (95% CI, − 25.5, − 17.5), and − 6.2% for full MRI (95% CI, − 9.3, − 3.1%.) Time to imaging (182 [IQR 138–255] versus 86 [IQR 52–137] minutes) as well as ED length of stay (396 [IQR 304–484] versus 257 [IQR 196–334] minutes) was longer for rMRI versus HCT (p < 0.01). Between the control and rMRI periods, there were differences in types of neuroimaging performed for patients with altered mental status, headache, seizure, shunt dysfunction, stroke, syncope, trauma, vomiting, infection, and other neurologic complaints (p < 0.05). rMRI studies were unsuccessful in 3.6% of studies versus 0.0% of HCTs (p < 0.01). The 22 unsuccessful rMRI studies were unsuccessful due to artifacts from dental hardware (n = 2) and patient motion (n = 20). None of the rMRI studies with full MRI follow-up imaging had undetected pathology; the false negative rate for the HCT exams was as high as 25%. After routine ED use of 4 rMRI protocols, there was a more than 20% decrease in HCT use without missed diagnoses. Time to neuroimaging and length of stay were longer for rMRI than HCT, with higher rates of unsuccessful imaging. Despite these limitations, rMRI may be an alternative to HCT for nontraumatic complaints in the ED.
Journeys of Embodiment at the Intersection of Body and Culture: The Developmental Theory of Embodiment

For those familiar with research and theory in the area of body image and disordered eating, particularly the subareas of prevention and developmental theory, the work of Niva Piran is iconic. Many...
Dupilumab as a Novel Therapy for Bullous Pemphigoid: A Multicenter Case Series.

Background Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is an autoimmune blistering disorder occurring mostly in the elderly that lacks adequate treatments. Objective To describe our experience using dupilumab in a series of patients with BP. Methods This is a case series of patients from 5 academic centers receiving dupilumab for BP. Patients were eligible if they had a clinical diagnosis of BP confirmed by lesional skin biopsy evaluated by one of more of the following: hematoxylin and eosin staining, direct immunofluorescence, or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for BP180 or BP230, or both. Results We identified 13 patients. Patients were an average age of 76.8 years, and the average duration of BP before dupilumab initiation was 28.8 months (range, 1-60 months). Disease clearance or satisfactory response was achieved in 92.3% (12 of 13) of the patients. Satisfactory response was defined as clinician documentation of disease improvement and patient desire to stay on the medication without documentation of disease clearance. Total clearance of the BP was achieved in 53.8% (7of 13) of patients No adverse events were reported. Limitations Include small sample size, lack of a control group, lack of a standardized assessment tool, and lack of standardized safety monitoring. Conclusion Dupilumab may be an additional treatment for BP, leading to disease clearance or satisfactory response in 92.3% of patients, including in those in whom previous conventional therapy had failed.
Cellular Stress Signaling Activates Type-I IFN Response Through FOXO3-regulated Lamin Posttranslational Modification

Neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) persist over the lifespan while encountering constant challenges from age or injury related brain environmental changes, including elevated oxidative stress. A time-dependent stress response that regulates the dynamic balance between quiescence and differentiation is thus essential to preserve NSPC long-term regenerative potential. Here we report that acutely elevated cellular oxidative stress in NSPCs suppresses neurogenic differentiation through induction of FOXO3-mediated cGAS/STING and type I interferon (IFN-I) responses. We show that oxidative stress activates FOXO3 promoting upregulation of its transcriptional target glycine-N-methyltransferase (GNMT) and thus depletion of s-adenosylmethionine (SAM), a key co-substrate involved in methyl group transfer reactions. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that reduced intracellular SAM availability disrupts carboxymethylation and maturation of nuclear lamin, which trigger cytosolic release of chromatin fragments and subsequent activation of the cGAS/STING/IFN-I cascade. Together, our findings suggest the FOXO3-GNMT/SAM-lamin-cGAS/STING-IFN-I signaling cascade as a critical stress response program that preserves its long-term regenerative potential.
Modeling equatorial ionospheric vertical plasma drifts using machine learning

We present the results of an effort to model quiet-time vertical plasma drifts in the low-latitude F-region ionosphere using the random forest machine learning technique. The model is capable of describing the climatological variation of the drifts as a function of universal time, day of the year, solar flux, and altitude (200–600 km). The model has been trained using measurements of the vertical plasma drifts made by the incoherent scatter radar of the Jicamarca Radio Observatory ( $$11.95^\circ \hbox { S}$$ , $$76.87^\circ$$ W, $$\sim 1^\circ$$ dip lat). In our analysis, we compare our machine learning model results with the Scherliess and Fejer (J Geophys Res 104:6829–6842, 1999) model (SF99 model), a widely used empirical model of the vertical drifts developed using a different set of Jicamarca measurements. We find that the machine learning model is able to capture the overall features of the diurnal variation of the equatorial drifts for different seasonal and solar flux conditions. The model is also capable of capturing the mean height variation of the drifts, particularly the height gradient enhancements that have been observed near sunrise and sunset. Finally, the model can easily be expanded and improved as more drift measurements are made and become available for training.
34. UNDERSTANDING THE ROLE OF FORMAL LEADERSHIP TRAINING FOR PEDIATRIC RESIDENTS IN DEVELOPING EFFECTIVE CARE TEAMS

Background Physicians are expected to be leaders of multi-disciplinary teams without formal training. A recent Research and Development report found a direct relationship between teamwork behaviors and patient outcomes. Introducing leadership training early in residency can help to refine trainees’ strengths and build teams to support patient care. Objective: To examine the perceived benefit of leadership training for pediatric interns on teamwork and communication via formalized leadership and team building training. Methods Using Kolb's Theory of Experiential Learning, a 90-minute workshop, developed by a pediatric trainee, covered topics useful for teambuilding and understanding the intern role in patient care. A Myers Briggs Type Indicator test was administered to determine individual leadership styles. Cases, reviewed and edited by experienced educators, were discussed in faculty-led, small predetermined groups. Assessment was conducted via an anonymous survey to evaluate the perceived benefit of the training. Results 54/63 (85%) interns participated and completed the survey. The results showed the following: 89% identified their unique leadership style; 78% understood how leadership styles affects conflict resolution; 89% appreciated the importance of different leadership styles in a team based setting; 91% acknowledged the applicability to daily practice; 59% gained new skills to enhance communication in teams; 80% increased knowledge for decision-making in clinical practice. Conclusion Teamwork and leadership are an integral part of a safe, effective, and efficient health care system. The overall perceived benefit of introducing leadership training to pediatric interns shows significant promise for shaping tomorrow's leaders of patient care and health systems. Our workshop demonstrates identifying and understanding leadership/personality styles is important early in residency. Future studies should be conducted to further build on their strengths and call for help from team members with different styles/strengths in difficult situations.
Decreasing INO Waste: A Quality Improvement Project to Reduce Non-Indicated Use of Inhaled Nitric Oxide in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Through Practice Guidelines

Background: Inhaled nitric oxide (INO) is a selective pulmonary vasodilator designed to treat pulmonary hypertension (PHTN) in the neonate. In 2017 the NICU consumed 7,858 INO hours. The aim of this quality improvement project was to reduce non-indicated use of INO in the NICU by 20% within 1 fiscal year (FY) through implementation of practice guidelines. Methods: A multidisciplinary team formed and determined characteristics of infants and variation in practice for INO use in the NICU. Case reviews determined the NICU lacked a standardized approach to the initiation, management or weaning of INO. Pre-intervention data from chart reviews showed that 52% of all INO hours were used by 3 infants with birth weights 500-1000 g. In FY17, 26% of the INO hours were used for non-indicated therapy and there were 9 infants prescribed INO without clinical documentation of PHTN. This totaled in 2,057 potentially avoidable hours. Clinical practice guidelines were developed to define parameters for the initiation and weaning of INO. Respiratory therapists (RTs) championed this guideline with the following interventions: 1. Were granted autonomy to wean INO per the guideline, 2. Developed a rounding tool to address weaning during patient care rounds and 3. Created an INO note template to document indication for and response to therapy. Patients who have received INO are reviewed monthly by a multidisciplinary group. The process measure is compliance with the clinical guidelines for INO. The outcome measure is non-indicated hours. Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) cycles were used to test and learn from changes implemented. Results: The clinical guidelines were implemented in July 2017 (FY18). There was no change in the number of INO users. In FY18, 8% of the INO hours were used for non-indicated therapy. An annotated XmR chart of total non-indicated INO hours shows we improved our mean non-indicated hours from 163 in FY17 to 26 for FY18 to date. We anticipate a sustained improvement through FY18, ending June 30th. We continue to audit the INO note and educate on the clinical guidelines in an effort to improve percent compliance. Conclusions: Implementation of clinical practice guidelines in the NICU can significantly reduce non-indicated use of INO. Additional studies are required to evaluate compliance with clinical practice guidelines over time.
Patients with abnormal microarchitecture have an increased risk of early complications after spinal fusion surgery

Abstract Spine fusion is one of the most common orthopedic surgeries, with more than 400,000 cases performed annually. While these procedures correct debilitating pain and deformities, complications occur in up to 45%. As successful fusion rests upon early stability of hardware in bone, patients with structural skeletal deficits may be at particular risk for complications. Few studies have investigated this relationship, and none have used higher order imaging to evaluate microstructural mechanisms for complications. Standard DXA measurements are subject to artifact in patients with spinal disease and therefore provide limited information. The goal of this prospective study was to investigate pre-operative bone quality as a risk factor for early post-operative complications using high resolution peripheral QCT (HR-pQCT) measurements of volumetric BMD (vBMD) and microarchitecture. We hypothesized that patients with low vBMD and abnormal microarchitecture at baseline would have more skeletal complications post-operatively. Conversely, we hypothesized that pre-operative DXA measurements would not be predictive of complications. Fifty-four subjects (mean age 63 years, BMI 27 kg/m2) were enrolled pre-operatively and followed for 6 months after multi-level lumbar spine fusion. Skeletal complications occurred in 14 patients. Patients who developed complications were of similar age and BMI to those who did not. Baseline areal BMD and Trabecular Bone Score by DXA did not differ. In contrast, HR-pQCT revealed that patients who developed complications had lower trabecular vBMD, fewer and thinner trabeculae at both the radius and tibia, and thinner tibial cortices. In summary, abnormalities of both trabecular and cortical microarchitecture were associated the development of complications within the first six months following spine fusion surgery. Our results suggest a mechanism for early skeletal complications after fusion. Given the burgeoning number of fusion surgeries, further studies are necessary to investigate strategies that may improve bone quality and lower the risk of post-operative complications.
SEARCH FOR B+ → K+ℓ+ℓ- AND B0 → K*+ℓ+ ℓ-

Using a sample of events collected with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II storage ring, we search for the electroweak penguin decays B+→ K+e+e-, B+→ K+μ+μ-, B0→K*0e+e-, and B0→ K*0μ+μ-. We observe no significant signals for these modes and set preliminary 90% C.L. upper limits of
Abstract 14688: Relative Blood Volume Change After Single Doses of a Loop Diuretic to Assess Volume Status: A Patient Level Meta-analysis

Background: In patients with congestive heart failure administration of an intravenous diuretic results in increased urine production and, depending on the volume status, an immediate change in rel...
Bursting the Auto Loan Bubble in the Wake of COVID-19

Before the COVID-19 pandemic, auto loans outstanding in the United States had soared to record highs. The boom in lending spanned new and used cars and traditional and subprime loans. With loan delinquencies also hitting new highs almost every quarter, predictions that the auto lending market could burst soon abounded. When the economy came to a grinding halt and unemployment skyrocketed in the wake of the pandemic, auto lenders knew they were facing a crisis. Throughout 2020, auto lenders granted more payment forbearances to consumers, while slashing interest rates on new loans. Auto manufacturers similarly made promises to buyers, such as the ability to return new cars for up to a year upon job loss. Combined with the CARES Act’s relief rebates and moratoria, the bottom did not fall out of the auto loan market. These measures, however, are temporary. The pandemic alone will not reduce people’s need for cars, but it will burst the auto loan bubble. The economic fallout will require interventions in the auto sale and loan markets, which presents a moment to transform America’s car economy. This symposium essay details a range of financial and related measures that can be implemented in the near future to shift auto financing away from promoting economically unequal and environmentally unfriendly use and access to automobiles, and, more broadly, to shift the United States away from prioritizing automobiles as the primary means of personal transportation.