cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Experimental Behavior of Precast Bridge Deck Systems with Non-Proprietary UHPC Transverse Field Joints.

Full-depth precast bridge decks are widely used to expedite bridge construction and enhance durability. These deck systems face the challenge that their durability and performance are usually dictated by the effectiveness of their field joints and closure joint materials. Hence, commercial ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) products have gained popularity for use in such joints because of their superior mechanical properties. However, the proprietary and relatively expensive nature of the robust UHPC mixes may pose some limitations on their future implementation. For these reasons, many research agencies along with state departments of transportation sought their way to develop cheaper non-proprietary UHPC (NP-UHPC) mixes using locally supplied materials. The objective of this study is to demonstrate the full-scale application of the recently developed NP-UHPC mixes at the ABC-UTC (accelerated bridge construction university transportation center) in transverse field joints of precast bridge decks. This study included experimental testing of three full-scale precast bridge deck subassemblies with transverse NP-UHPC field joints under static vertical loading. The test parameters included NP-UHPC mixes with different steel fibers amount, different joint splice details, and joint widths. The results of this study were compared with the results of a similar proprietary UHPC reference specimen. The structural behavior of the test specimens was evaluated in terms of the load versus deflection, reinforcement and concrete strains, and full assessment of the field joint performance. The study showed that the proposed NP-UHPC mixes and field joint details can be efficiently used in the transverse deck field joints with comparable behavior to the proprietary UHPC joints. The study concluded that the proposed systems remained elastic under the target design service and ultimate loads. In addition, the study showed that the use of reinforcement loop splices enhanced the load distribution across the specimen’s cross-section.
Políticas macroeconómicas: en busca de una síntesis

Analiza la evolucion de las concepciones macroeconomicas predominantes en America Latina desde los anos cincuenta hasta el presente.
Sonographic Patterns of the Other Anatomic Components of the Extremities

Bones serve as anatomic landmarks in the ultrasound examination of muscles and particularly of tendons. Like gas, bones represent an obstacle to sound propagation. Yet the intense reflection of the beam on a bone surface silhouettes its near-contours, which appear as brightly echogenic lines (Fig. 6.1); occasionally, pathologic alteration of bones can be visualized. Sonography is now routinely used in the evaluation of the hip in the neonate [11,12,15]. Sonography can visualize sesamoid bones. It can also demonstrate internal surgical fixation devices (see also Chapter 5).
Effect of Mouse Strain on Dietary CLA and Coconut Oil-Induced Lipolysis

Dietary conjugated linoleic acid (CLA)-induced lipolysis and body fat loss are enhanced in mice fed coconut oil (CO); however, differences between mouse strains have been observed. This study was d...
Custos: increasing security with secret storage as a service

In the age of cloud computing, securely storing, tracking, and controlling access to digital "secrets" (e.g. private cryptographic keys, hashed passwords, etc) is a major challenge for developers, administrators, and end-users alike. Yet, the ability to securely store such secrets is critical to the security of the web-connected applications on which we rely. We believe many of the traditional challenges to the secure storage of digital secrets can be overcome through the creation of a dedicated "Secret Storage as a Service" (SSaaS) interface. Such an interface allows us to separate secure secret storage and access control from the applications that require such services. We present Custos: an SSaaS prototype. We describe the Custos design principles and architecture. We also discuss a range of applications in which Custos can be leveraged to store secrets such as cryptographic keys. We compare Custos-backed versions of such applications to the existing alternatives and discuss how Custos and the SSaaS model can improve the security of such applications while still supporting the wide range of features (e.g. multidevice syncing, multi-user sharing, etc) we have come to expect in the age of the Cloud.
Secure group communications for Delay-Tolerant Networks

The increased demand for mobile communication and use of mobile devices in high-latency, resource impoverished environments has spurred the development and growth of Delay-Tolerant Networks (DTN). DTNs aim to provide interoperability between a range of heterogeneous networks, operating under resource-constrained circumstances and traditional infrastructure networks such as the Internet. Because of the circumstances, DTNs possess some interesting characteristics that make a traditional end-to-end security paradigm unsuitable and increase the value of the overlay's resources. Controlling access to overlay resources and providing for secure group communications over unknown intermediate networks is essential. We propose a novel solution based on previous work in secure group communications using key-graphs and in extension to work on scalable access authorization in self-organizing overlays to provide a scalable mechanism for access control and secure group communications in DTNs. Since resources are especially limited, our implementation focuses on minimizing the traffic on the overlay associated with the maintenance of our solution.
Pornography, history of

Pornography refers to the depiction of sexual behavior in a variety of art formats and a broad range of presentation methods. Sexual depictions were first found in the Paleolithic era and continued to be expressed in most subsequent civilizations. The historical development of pornography is intertwined with the evolution of societies, battles in the legal and moral systems, as well as changes that came with innovations in technology. Mass production augmented interest in pornography and marked the beginning of debates over societal mores and personal freedom. The short list of historic events and legal cases illustrates the transition of the genre of pornography. Keywords: obscenity; pornography; technology
Essential Neurovascular Anatomy

As the title suggests, this chapter presents the anatomy of the neurovascular system. This includes extracranial arterial anatomy, intracranial arterial anatomy, anatomic variants, collaterals, extracranial venous anatomy, intracranial venous anatomy, and spinal vascular anatomy. Important clinical aspects of the anatomy are covered.
High definition live interactive and store and forward teledermatology: Initial qualitative observations

Initial qualitative findings from a study of uncompressed and compressed high definition live interactive video, and store and forward teledermatology (photographs and written histories for later review) are presented. Quantitative data collected in the study are still being compiled and analyzed comparing diagnostic concordance and confidence with in-person exams. The early qualitative findings suggest bifurcated patient and physician preferences for the different remote exam methods.
Gene-enzyme relationships of aromatic acid biosynthesis in Bacillus subtilis

Mutants have been isolated which correspond to every step concerned with the biosynthesis of the aromatic amino acids in Bacillus subtilis. Each mutant has been characterized, and the lesion it bore was analyzed by deoxyribonucleic acid transformation and PBS-1 mediated transduction. The biochemical analysis revealed that each of the mutations appears to have affected a single enzyme, except for two groups of pleiotropic mutations. All aroF mutants (chorismic acid synthetase) lack dehydroquinic acid synthetase (aroB) activity. The gene that specifies aroB is closely linked to the gene coding for the aroF enzyme. Both genes are a part of the aro cluster. Mutants lacking chorismate mutase activity also lack d-arabino-heptulosonic acid-7-phosphate synthetase and shikimate kinase activity, presumably as a result of these three activities forming a multi-enzyme complex. Another mutant, previously undescribed, had been isolated. The affected gene codes for the tyrosine and phenylalanine aminotransferase activity. All of the mutations have been located on the B. subtilis genome except those in the genes specifying shikimate kinase activity and tyrosine-phenylalanine aminotransferase activity.
A Proposed Textbook On Industrial Plasma Engineering

This presentation is a progress report on the author's textbook, "Industrial Plasma Engineering". This textbook is intended for the senior or first-year graduate student, is comprehensive, presumes no prior knowledge of plasma theory by the student, and is intended to be of value to students from a wide range of backgrounds in science and engineering. The poster presentation will feature a detailed topical outline of all 20 chapters of the book. The author hopes to increase the utility of the final version of the text to potential users in universities and industry by exposing the topical outline to comments or criticism. The chapter headings of the proposed text are as follows: I Introduction II. The Kinetic Theory of Gases III. Motion of Charges in Electric and Magnetic Fields IV. The Characteristics of Plasma V. DC Gaseous Discharges VI. RF Gaseous Discharges VII. Electron and Ion Beam Sources Viii. DC Plasma Sources ix. RF Plasma Sources X . Plasma Chemistry xi. Ion Interactions with Solids Xii. Plasma Deposition of Thin Films Xiii. Plasma Etching for Microelectronics XIV. Applications of Thermal Plasmas XV. Electrical Breakdown and Corona XVI. Plasma Lighting Devices XVIII. Applications of Electrohydrodynamics XIX. Geophysical and Space Plasmas X X. Space Propulsion Systems The proposed text is arranged such that the first five chapters cover the basic principles of industrial plasma engineering; the next three chapters cover the ion, electron, and plasm which are common to industrial plasma technologies; chapters 10 through 14 cover the plasma processing of materials, and the last six chapters describe non-processing applications of plasmas to devices and technologies of industrial interest. The topical outline will be available for distribution at the meeting. A previous version of this outlinel has been the basis of a graduate-level course "Industrial Plasma Engineering" at UTK during the academic year 1989-90. A revised course based on the present outline will be offered during academic year 1991-92 on the UTK campus, and by videotape in an I I -state area in the Southeast.
Handbook of Sustainable Development, by Giles Atkinson, Simon Dietz, Eric Neumayer, and Matthew Agarwala (Eds.)

Edited by a distinguished team from the London School of Economics and Political Science, the Handbook of Sustainable Development raises important issues about both the topic of sustainable develop...
Air monitoring data reveal previously unknown contamination at radioactive waste disposal area, Los Alamos National Laboratory

Air monitoring at Area G, the low-level radioactive waste disposal area at Los Alamos National Laboratory, revealed increased air concentrations of 239Pu and 241Am at one location along the north boundary. This air monitoring location is a couple of meters north of a dirt road used to access the easternmost part of Area G. Air concentrations of 238Pu were essentially unaffected, which was puzzling because both 238Pu and 239Pu are present in the local, slightly contaminated soils. Air concentrations of these radionuclides increased about a factor of ten in early 1995 and remained at those levels until the first quarter of 1996. During the spring of 1996 air concentrations again increased by a factor of about ten. No other radionuclides were elevated, and no other Area G stations showed elevations of these radionuclides. After several formal meetings did not provide an adequate explanation for the elevations, a gamma-survey was performed and showed a small area of significant contamination just south of the monitor location. We found that in February 1995, a trench for a water line had been dug within a meter or so of the air stations. Then, during early 1996, the dirt road was rerouted such that its new path was directly over the unknown contamination. It appears that the trenching brought contaminated material to the surface and caused the first rise in air concentrations and then the rerouting of the road over the contamination caused the second rise, during 1996. We also found that during 1976 and 1977 contaminated soils from the clean-up of an old processing facility had been spread over the filled pits in the vicinity of the air monitors. These soils, which were probably the source of the air contamination, were very low in 238Pu which explains why we saw very little 238Pu in the increased air concentrations. A layer of gravel and sand was spread over the contaminated area. Although air concentrations of 239Pu and 241Am dropped considerably, they have not returned to pre-1995 levels.
A queuing theory model for the prediction of delivery room utilization.

Abstract The selection of a loss system model, a variant of queuing theory, to describe the functioning of delivery rooms is detailed. The analogies between the model and the actual functioning of a hospital delivery suite are discussed. Areas of conflict between actual functioning and the assumptions of the model are presented. A proposal for accepting a limited degree of inability to provide standard service is presented and translated into the mathematical model. The model and the proposed service limitations are used to illustrate the functioning of the model by developing tables of suggested numbers of delivery rooms to provide service for different numbers of patients.
In Vitro HPV-11 Infection of Human Foreskin

Abstract Study of the infectious process of human papillomavirus type 11 (HPV-11) has been facilitated by the discovery that HPV11-infected neonatal human foreskin epithelium can proliferate as xenografts into condyloma-like growths within athymic nude mice. Here we describe detection of HPV-11 infection of neonatal human foreskin-derived keratinocytes, infected and cultured entirely in vitro , by use of the polymerase chain reaction and primers straddling the splice donor/ acceptor site of the most prevalent early gene HPV-11 transcript (E1^E4). Expression of the E1^E4 HPV-11 mRNA is abrogated by 60°C heat inactivation of the inoculum. HPV-11-infected foreskin explants continue to produce the E1^E4 mRNA for up to 5 weeks in culture, and second-passage keratinocytes derived from infected explant outgrowths continue to produce the E1^E4 mRNA. The in vitro system described here provides a new way to study HPV-11 infection and may be useful in evaluating early events of infection.
When is Secession Emancipatory

Montserrat Guibernau challenges us with a case for the right to national self-determination in Spanish Catalonia. Filled with many thoughtful and thought-provoking contributions, the essay boldly a...
Creating Data on International Negotiation Strategies, Alternatives and Outcomes

If greater efforts could be invested in generating uniform data on the international negotiation process, I would nominate at least three key dimensions for fresh attention: strategies, alternatives, and outcomes. Although these are not the only interesting dimensions, better empirical knowledge about them is surely central. Strategies can be conceived of as sets of observable behavior that vary along a continuum from purely distributive, through mixed, to purely integrative tactics. This continuum could bring greater order to the many ways in which the notion of strategy has been used. A second worthwhile indicator would estimate the value of the party's best alternative to negotiated agreement and changes in that value. Theoretically, behavior and ultimately outcomes depend critically on the parties' alternatives outside the talks. Third, I believe negotiation researchers need to place a high priority on pinning down the difference that the process makes, net of other influences, to the outcome. Measuring gains and losses requires first choosing a conceptual reference point for the comparison. Data creation projects such as these would face theoretical and technical dilemmas that would demand careful thought. But if the necessary resources were invested, researchers would be better able to test hypotheses about negotiation on evidence from actual experience, in addition to laboratory evidence.
Regional hydrologic consequences of increases in atmospheric CO2 and other trace gases

Concern over changes in global climate caused by growing atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide and other trace gases has increased in recent years as our understanding of atmospheric dynamics and global climate systems has improved. Yet despite a growing understanding of climatic processes, many of the effects of human-induced climatic changes are still poorly understood. Major alterations in regional hydrologic cycles and subsequent changes in regional water availability may be the most important effects of such climatic changes. Unfortunately, these are among the least well-understood impact. Water-balance modeling techniques - modified for assessing climatic impacts - were developed and tested for a major watershed in northern California using climate-change scenarios from both state-of-the-art general circulation models and from a series of hypothetical scenarios. Results of this research suggest strongly that plausible changes in temperature and precipitation caused by increases in atmospheric trace-gas concentrations could have major impacts on both the timing and magnitude of runoff and soil moisture in important agricultural areas. Of particular importance are predicted patterns of summer soil-moisture drying that are consistent across the entire range of tested scenarios. The decreases in summer soil moisture range from 8 to 44%. In addition, consistent changes were observed in the timing of runoff-specifically dramatic increases in winter runoff and decreases in summer runoff. These hydrologic results raise the possibility of major environmental and socioeconomic difficulties and they will have significant implications for future water-resource planning and management.
Spermatic Cord Torsion in the Neonate: A False Negative by Sonography

Multiple challenges are encountered in the evaluation and treatment of spermatic cord torsion in the neonate, including confident evaluation and treatment. The authors report a full-term male presenting with multiple birth-related injuries, including suspected torsion of the spermatic cord, at 22 hours of life. Diagnostic Doppler sonography study was normal. This case is an example in which a high clinical index of suspicion, despite a reassuring sonographic examination, guided the appropriate therapy for salvaging a viable testicle with torsion of the spermatic cord.
Receptors for parathyroid hormone and parathyroid hormone-related peptide: From molecular cloning to definition of diseases

The parathyroid hormone/parathyroid hormone-related peptide receptor belongs to a distinct family of G protein-coupled receptors, the members of which usually signal through at least two second messenger systems, adenylate cyclase and phospholipase C. The parathyroid hormone/ parathyroid hormone-related peptide receptor is most abundantly expressed in bone, kidney and growth-plate chondrocytes, and, at lower levels, in a variety of fetal and adult tissues. To search for human diseases that are caused by parathyroid hormone/parathyroid hormone-related peptide receptor defects, genomic DNA of patients with pseudohypoparathyroidism type Ib and of patients with Jansen's metaphyseal chondrodysplasia was screened for mutations in all coding exons of the receptor gene. Inactivating parathyroid hormone/parathyroid hormone-related peptide receptor mutations were excluded in patients with pseudohypoparathyroidism type Ib. However, a receptor mutation that causes agonist-independent, constitutive cAMP accumulation was identified in a patient with Jansen's metaphyseal chondrodysplasia, a rare form of short-limbed dwarfism associated with hypercalcemia despite normal or low concentrations of parathyroid hormone and parathyroid hormone-related peptide. These findings allow the conclusion to be drawn that parathyroid hormone/parathyroid hormone-related peptide receptors mediate the endocrine actions of parathyroid hormone, which are required for the control of calcium homeostasis and the autocrine-paracrine actions of parathyroid hormone-related peptide, which are required for normal growth-plate development.
Differences in bonding, structures and vibrational force constants of SH and SCH3 on Pd(111) and Pt(111) surfaces

Abstract We have performed RECP Hartree-Fock + MBPT2 calculations of the equilibrium adsorbate structures and force constants of SH and SCH 3 chemisorbed on the Pd(111) and Pt(111) surfaces. The adsorbates are oriented perpendicular to the surface on the Pt(111) plane and are strongly bent (∼ 70° from the surface normal) on the Pd(111) surface. The bonding scheme between the sulfur atom and the platinum surface possesses σ and π character. A significant amount of π coordinate bonding is evident in the platinum systems through the mixing of the (fully occupied) sulfur π orbitals and the unoccupied π orbitals of the cluster model of the surface. This coordinate bonding in the platinum systems is due to the fact that the surface LUMO's composed primarily of 6s and 6p atomic orbitais are much closer to the Fermi level than are the palladium analogs and are therefore much more accessible to the adsorbates for bonding. We attribute the straightening of the surface-S-X angle in the platinum systems to this interaction. The sulfur atom in the Pt(111) systems is similar to what one expects for sp hybridization. The force field parameters and structures we determine are necessary for molecular dynamics modeling of thio-alkyl systems condensed on these metals.
New Column Designs for MicroGC

In this paper, we present some new column designs for micro-gas chromatography (muGC) columns. Serpentine columns are compared to commonly used spiral columns and are found to give relatively lower height equivalent to theoretical plate (HETP) values. Turns are a major dispersion source for serpentine configuration. We found that sinusoidal compensation structures following the turns give lowest dispersion amongst the several tested turn geometries for serpentine configuration.
Papillary Conjunctivitis Induced by an Epithelialized Corneal Foreign Body

This report of papillary conjunctivitis induced by a corneal foreign body suggests that papillogenesis may result from physical/mechanical tissue trauma. A case is presented with an epithelialized cor
Dome epithelium and follicle-associated basal lamina pores in the avian bursa of Fabricius.

BACKGROUND The immunological role played by the avian bursa of Fabricius has been well established. Although numerous studies have also reported on the development and general morphology of this organ, some structure-function relationships still have not been fully explained. METHODS Bursae from chickens at three developmental stages were removed and examined by scanning electron microscopy. Routine preparation was used as well as sonication (microdissection). Micrographs were used for qualitative morphological study and for quantitative morphometric analyses. RESULTS Routine SEM observations were similar to those previously reported in the literature. Sonicated specimens allowed topographical study of various levels of surface erosion. Two types of surface cells were observed: typical absorptive epithelium and follicle-associated epithelial (FAE) cells. Erosion of the dome surface epithelium revealed basal lamina pores in the region over the subepithelial lymphoid follicles. These pores were present at hatching. Morphometric analysis of dome and pore areas revealed that the pore area decreases in relation to dome area with aging. CONCLUSIONS Basal lamina pores may provide a communication route between the lymphoid follicles and the external environment via the FAE cells. Also, the close association between the FAE cells of the epithelial domes, the epithelial pores, the capillary complex of the previously described bursal--blood barrier, and the subepithelial lymphoid follicles could represent a morphological "pore complex" that matures early in posthatching development and may be related to the immunological function of the bursa.
The First Carpal Tunnel Release

Correspondence is presented recording an operation for release of the carpal tunnel performed in 1924, together with a biographical note on the surgeon, Herbert Galloway.
Acth sensitive adenyl cyclase in bovine adrenal cortex membrane fractions

Abstract Adenyl cyclase in bovine adrenal cortex was distributed in all particulate fractions obtained by differential centrifugation; factors in the 105,000 g supernate markedly inhibited cyclase activity. A major fraction of the total enzyme is associated with mitochondria. In all membranous fractions, the enzyme was stimulated by NaF and ACTH, but not by MSH, thyrotropin, glucagon or vasopressin; epinephrine variably stimulated cyclase to a small extent relative to ACTH.
Effects of laboratory test conditions on the toxicity of silver to aquatic organisms

The effects of various chemical manipulations of test water on acute toxicity of silver to fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) were investigated. Increases in hardness and organic carbon substantially reduced toxicity. Toxicity was also inversely related to pH and alkalinity when these parameters were jointly changed by addition of strong acid or base. The addition of 2 meq/L sodium sulfate had no significant effects, but the addition of 0.2 meq/L sodium chloride increased toxicity, perhaps related to the formation of the dissolved AgCl0 complex. We also evaluated the effects of static versus flow-through test conditions, feeding during exposure, and aging of test solutions before exposure on the acute toxicity of silver to fathead minnows and Daphnia magna. Static conditions and feeding reduced toxicity, likely as a result of accretion of organic carbon. Aging of test solutions had little effect. For both juvenile fathead minnows and D. magna, silver was much less toxic in water from the St. Louis River than in our normal laboratory water, presumably because of the much higher organic carbon content of the river water. This study identified some aspects of test conditions that are important in assessing the risk of silver to aquatic biota, but improved assessments will require information for more conditions, species, and endpoints. More importantly, if toxicity test results are to be extrapolated among waters with different chemistries, adequate characterization of the chemical speciation of silver and a better understanding of the mechanisms of silver toxicity and its relationship to silver speciation and other chemical factors are needed.
Production of hydrogen gas from novel chemical hydrides

Abstract Six ligand-stabilized complexes have been synthesized and tested for use as hydrogen storage media for portable fuel cell applications. The new hydrides are: [HC (3,5-Me2pz) 3] LiBH4 (1) , { [H2C (3,5-Me2pz) 2] Li (BH4) } 2 (2) (pz = pyrazolyl ) , [ (TMEDA) Li (BH4) ] 2 (3) (TMEDA = (CH3) 2NCH2CH2N (CH3) 2) , [HC (pz) 3] LiBH4 (4) , { [H2C (pz) 2] Li (BH4) } 2 (5) and Mg(BH4)·23THF (6) (THF = tetrahydrofuran) . Hydrolysis reactions of the compounds liberate hydrogen in quantities which range from 56 to 104 (±5%) percent of the theoretical yield. Gas chromatographic analysis of the product gases from these reactions indicate that hydrogen is the only gas produced. Thermally initiated reactions of the novel compounds with NH4Cl were unsuccessful. Although the amount of hydrogen energy which can be theoretically obtained per unit weight is lower than that of the classical hydrides such as LiBH4 and NaBH4, the reactions are less violent and hydrolysis of compounds 1, 2, 4, 5 and 6 releases less heat per mole of hydrogen generated.
TIME-LAPSE PHOTOGRAPHIC OBSERVATIONS OF MORPHOGENESIS IN ROOT NODULES OF COMPTONIA PEREGRINA (MYRICACEAE)

Seedlings of the sweet fern Comptonia peregrina (L.) Coult. were grown aeroponically with their roots bathed in a nutrient mist lacking nitrogen except for 10 ppm N at the outset. The initiation and early development of root nodules capable of fixing atmospheric nitrogen were recorded with time-lapse photography through early development to the establishment of highly branched, roughly spherical nodules. In Comptonia multiple primary nodule lobes are formed at or near the site of infection with as many as 10 primary lobes occurring together. On the shoulders of the swollen primary lobes new primordia develop, forming secondary nodule lobes, which may persist without nodule root elongation, giving a coralloid appearance. The tips of the lobes may elongate, forming nodule roots which grow vertically upward, or, if disturbed, in random orientation. Nodule roots occasionally form lateral roots. The root axis upon which the nodule forms undergoes secondary thickening on the proximal side of the nodule attachment; the distal portion of the root shows no secondary thickening and later atrophies. Thus, nodules are perennial structures on a woody root system. The endophyte infects and occupies the basal cortical tissues of the primary nodule lobes and successive nodule lobes as they are formed, being restricted to the swollen bases and not infecting the elongate nodule roots. Development of the nodule is interpreted in terms of complex host-endophyte interactions involving the initiation of multiple primordia forming nodule lobes, the active inhibition of nodule lobes and finally nodule root elongation. Anatomical evidence for the endogenous origin of nodule primordium formation substantiates the view obtained from time-lapse photomacrography.
An electronically collimated gamma camera for single photon emission computed tomography. Part I: Theoretical considerations and design criteria

The detection and imaging characteristics of a new type of gamma camera for single photon emission computed tomography have been investigated. Unlike conventional gamma cameras which use mechanical collimation, the new gamma camera utilizes electronic collimation which is obtained from a sequential interaction of gamma radiation with a dual position-and-energy sensitive detection system. Coincident counting between the two detectors provides localization of activity upon a multitude of conical surfaces throughout the object, wherefrom the three-dimensional activity distribution can be reconstructed. Not only does electronic collimation provide simultaneous multiple views of the object, but a large gain in sensitivity is also indicated over a conventionally collimated gamma camera under conditions of similar spatial resolution. Detector optimization studies have been performed to design a prototype system comprising a 33 X 33 array of high-purity germanium detectors coupled to an uncollimated conventional scintillation camera. The cumulative signal-to-noise ratio in projection images obtained with this system is expected to be about a factor of 4 higher (sensitivity about a factor of 15 higher) than that obtained in a corresponding projection image with a conventional gamma camera for imaging a uniformly distributed Tc-99m source in a 20-cm-diam X 20-cm-tall cylinder. A similar gain is expected in the tomographic images.
Heterosexual repertoire is associated with same-sex experience.

Objective: The association of sexual repertoire with sexual preference, partnership and sociodemographic characteristics, and sexual history among white American (WA) and African-Americans (AA) is described. Design: Cross-sectional computer-assisted telephone survey. Methods: Seattle residents 18 to 39 years of age selected via random digit dialing; an additional sample of AA sampled from listed telephone numbers from census tracks with over 40% AA. Results: The study included 356 WA and 140 AA ever engaging in vaginal intercourse who answered questions regarding their usual sexual repertoire with their most recent opposite-sex partner. The 5% of WA engaging in vaginal, oral, and anal intercourse with their most recent opposite-sex partner were 2.7 times (95% CI: 0.9, 7.9) as likely to report nonmonogamy and 8.4 times (95 % CI: 2.6, 27.2) as likely to report a history of same-sex partners. Persons reporting a history of both same- and opposite-sex partnerships were more likely than those with only opposite-sex partners to report engaging in anal and oral sex with their most recent opposite-sex partner regardless of gender (anal: women 24% vs. 4%,p < 0.001; men: 33% vs. 6%, p < 0.001; oral: women 95% vs. 74%,p = 0.03; men 89% vs. 78%, p = 0.4). Persons with a history of a same-sex partner were also more likely than those with only opposite-sex partners to have a nonmonogamous current relationship (WA: odds ratio [OR] = 2.3; 95% CI: 0.9, 5.7; AA: OR = 6.8; 95% CI: 0.6, 338) to engage in sex during menses (WA: OR = 1.9; 0.7, 5.4; AA: 9.6; 1.0, 4.6) and to have more sex partners in their life (WA: p = 0.002; AA: p = 0.07). Conclusions: Diverse sexual repertoires are associated with other risk behaviors putting the individual at high risk of acquiring or transmitting a sexually transmitted diseases (STD).
174 CHARACTERIZATION OF A POLYAMINE-CONJUGATED, LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT POLYPEPTIDE IN HUMAN THIRD TRIMESTER AMNIOTIC FLUID

The qualitative and quantitative characterization of amniotic fluid proteins is important for an assessment of fetal developmen and for potential prenatal diagnosis. Low molecular weight proteins (molecular weight ≤ 12,000 daltons) in human amniotic fluid have not been investigated extensively. Fractionation of third trimester human amniotic fluid by Biogel P10 chromatography yielded at least 6 polypeptides ≥ 2000 ≤ 13,000 daltons. The predominant peak, with a molecular weight range of 4 to 6,000 daltons, was separated by DEAE chromatography on a linear NaCl gradient, which yielded two peptide species at 0.55M NaCl and 0.87 NaCl. The 0.55M NaCl peptide (AFP3-4A) proved to be homogeneous by paper chromatography and Biogel P6 column chromatography. The molecular weight was found to be approximately 4200 daltons. The amino acid composition was determined by Durrum high pressure chromatography following acid hydrolysis. 37 amino acid residues were found including trace ornithine concentration and absence of cysteine and methionine. The most abundant amino acids were glycine, glutamic, aspartic acids, alanine and serine. The presence of hexosamine, elution time indistinguishable from glucosamine, was also found. One mole of putrescine was covalently bound per mole peptide. This unusual polypeptide has similar structural characteristics to the plasma putrescine-conjugated polypeptide, putrescinin recently described by us.
S1 HYPERFINE-STRUCTURE SEPARATIONS AND ISOTOPE SHIFTS OF RADIOACTIVE CD107, CD109, AND OF STABLE CD ISOTOPES,

High-resolution spectra of radioactive Cd107 (6.7 h) and Cd109 (470 days), and of Cd111 and Cd113 were obtained in the wavelengths λ=3261, 4678, 4800, and 5085 A with the use of a 10-in. well-blazed plane diffraction grating mounted in the two-mirror (multiple-wavelength) monochromator of 40-ft focal length. The radioactive Cd107 and Cd109 were produced by bombarding natural silver foil with deuterons. The Cd111 and Cd113 electrodeless lamps were prepared from separated isotope samples. We find: Cd109–Cd113 isotope shift in the 3261-A resonance line, 0.033±0.005 cm−1, with the sign of the volume-dependent isotope shift, and hfs separation in the 5s6s 3S1 state, Δν(Cd113)=−0.407±40.005 cm−1. (The single previously quoted value was obtained with natural Cd.) The three 5s6s to 5s5p3P lines display isotope shifts that are smaller than the precision of the experiment. A factors of Cd107, Cd109, and Cd111 are obtained from the spectroscopic and the published resonance and level-crossing data. The isotope shift is studied in combination with the results of Kuhn and Ramsden, and those of Brix, Steudel, and Blaise, in the light of possible nuclear polarizability effects such as have been described by Tomlinson and Stroke in the case of mercury isotopes.
Endoscopically visualized suction catheter food disimpaction from within a self-expanding esophageal stent

Background: Esophageal stenting with self-expanding metallic prostheses provides relief from dysphagia in patients with malignant obstruction. Food impaction, usually secondary to inadequate mastication, is a frequent complication and occurs in up to 7.9% of patients with esophageal stents. The purpose of this case report is to describe an effective new method for disimpacting food from within a metallic esophageal stent.
Dietary coenzyme Q10 does not protect against cigarette smoke-augmented atherosclerosis in apoE-deficient mice.

Abstract Dietary coenzyme Q10 reduces spontaneous atherosclerosis in the apoE-deficient mouse model of experimental atherosclerosis. We have shown previously that exposure to sidestream cigarette smoke (SSCS) enhances atherosclerotic lesion formation in apoE-deficient mice. The aim of the present study was to determine if CoQ10 protected against SSCS-mediated atherosclerosis. Female apoE-deficient mice were fed a saturated fat-enriched diet (SFD) alone, or supplemented with 1% wt/wt coenzyme Q10 (SFD-Q10). Mice in each diet group were exposed to SSCS for 4 hrs/day, 5 days/week in a whole-body exposure chamber maintained at 35 ± 4 mg smoke particulates/m3. Mice kept in filtered ambient air served as controls. Mice were euthanized after either 6 or 15 weeks of SSCS exposure and following measurements were performed: i) lung 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity; ii) plasma cholesterol and CoQ10 concentrations; iii) aortic intimal area covered by atherosclerotic lesions; and, iv) pathological characterization of lesions. Lung EROD activity increased in SSCS mice of both diet groups, confirming SSCS exposure. Plasma concentrations of CoQ10 in SFD-Q10-fed mice were increased markedly in comparison to SFD-fed mice. Plasma cholesterol concentrations and distributions of cholesterol in lipoprotein fractions were unaffected by SSCS exposure. Dietary supplementation with CoQ10 significantly reduced atherosclerotic lesions in control mice. As reported previously, exposure to SSCS increased the size of lesions in apoE-/- mice at both time points. However, dietary supplementation with CoQ10 had no effect on atherosclerotic lesions augmented by SSCS exposure. The results suggest a role of oxidative processes in smoke-augmented atherosclerosis that are different than those mitigated by CoQ10.
PMH4 Quality of Life And Adverse Reactions in Depressed Patients Receiving Antidepressant Drugs

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this ongoing prospective study was to document the quality of life and adverse reactions reported by ambulatory patients receiving pharmaceutical care from the Community Pharmacist Research Network. METHODS: Pharmacists collected demographic and prescription data, and verified that each patient was treated for depression for at least three months and received no other medications. Patients completed the SF-36 questionnaire and a symptoms checklist. RESULTS: Thirty-one white patients, 20 females and 11 males, completed study instruments. Twenty-seven patients were receiving selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), including fluoxetine (13), paroxetine (8), and sertraline (6); four patients were receiving non-SSRIs. The mean age of patients receiving. SSRIs was 45 years, and patients receiving non-SSRIs was 41 years. Twenty-three patients received antidepressants prescribed by non-psychiatrists. Mean transformed scale scores from the SF-36 were calculated for patients receiving SSRIs and non-SSRIs, respectively, as: physical functioning 87.59 vs. 72.5; role (physical) 83.33 vs. 50; bodily pain 75.88 vs. 68.3; general health 71.29 vs. 47.25; vitality 52.77 vs. 51.25; social functioning 76.92 vs. 71.87; role (emotional) 70.35 vs. 66.6; and mental health 66.96 vs. 59. Six patients reported the presence of sexual dysfunction; seven reported nervousness; seven reported diarrhea; seven reported difficulty falling asleep; eight reported changes in sexual interests; eight reported blurred vision; eight reported constipation; nine reported weight gain; nine reported drowsiness; and sixteen reported dry mouth. CONCLUSION: Based upon these real world findings, similar studies are warranted. Although patients receiving SSRIs experienced clinically significant side effects, health-related quality of life in all SF-36 domains was better for these patients compared to patients receiving non-SSRI drugs. These findings have great relevance for the care of depressed patients.
Run-time adaptive cache hierarchy management via reference analysis

Improvements in main memory speeds have not kept pace with increasing processor clock frequency and improved exploitation of instruction-level parallelism. Consequently, the gap between processor and main memory performance is expected to grow, increasing the number of execution cycles spent waiting for memory accesses to complete. One solution to this growing problem is to reduce the number of cache misses by increasing the effectiveness of the cache hierarchy. In this paper we present a technique for dynamic analysis of program data access behavior, which is then used to proactively guide the placement of data within the cache hierarchy in a location-sensitive manner. We introduce the concept of a macroblock, which allows us to feasibly characterize the memory locations accessed by a program, and a Memory Address Table, which performs the dynamic reference analysis. Our technique is fully compatible with existing Instruction Set Architectures. Results from detailed simulations of several integer programs show significant speedups.
Direct current and self-potential monitoring of an evolving plume in partially saturated fractured rock

Abstract Hole–surface and hole–hole mise-a-la-masse (MALM) measurements and surface self-potential (SP) measurements were taken over a 173-day period during an 8-well, radial injection, tracer experiment in partially saturated, fractured, Columbia River basalt. A potassium chloride tracer stream was injected into the fractured basalt and was energized directly for the MALM experiments. The constant concentration, tracer solution was injected for 76 days above a perched water table at an average rate of 10.07 l/day. Tracer injection was followed by a 34-day period of tap water injection and a 63-day drainage period. The associated changes in potential distributions and SP's over time indicate that an asymmetrical, vadose zone plume evolved in the fractured basalt. Hole–surface and SP measurements were used to track the lateral evolution of the tracer plume; however, there was some noise and variability in the SP data. The hole–hole measurements helped delineate the depth of preferential tracer migration in the fractured basalt.
Speaking Different Languages or Reading from the Same Script? Word Usage of Democratic and Republican Politicians

Words are believed to be indicators of the values that are important to politicians and an impressive amount of empirical research has analyzed variations in language use. While it is generally accepted that there are value differences between Democrats and Republicans, the extent to which these differences are reflected in word usage has been theorized but is largely untested. The connection between values and language is, theoretically, not limited just to politicians, but should be especially evident among politicians as representatives of existing ideological poles. In this article, we examine elite rhetoric through the lens of four value-centered theoretical frameworks (Lakoff’s Parenting Styles model, Moral Foundations Theory, Schwartz’s Values Theory, and Motivated Social Cognition Theory). Contrary to the expectations posited by these four theories, we find little reliable evidence of value-related language differences between Democratic and Republican politicians. Our findings suggest that, at le...
Abstract 5138: Structural insights into the dynamic functionality of Bax through molecular dynamics simulations.

Proceedings: AACR 104th Annual Meeting 2013; Apr 6-10, 2013; Washington, DC The Bcl-2 protein family modulates the balance between cellular life and death. Bax, a pro-apoptotic member of this family, participates in mitochondria-mediated apoptosis but also supports mitochondrial bioenergetics. In previous work, we showed that a peptide derived from the alpha 9-helix of Bax is cytotoxic, specifically when used to treat breast cancer cells. Such structural and biochemical studies are useful for identifying functional domains within Bax that can be developed into therapeutic peptides, but are limiting when ascribing function to domains at a molecular level. Computational modeling and molecular dynamics simulations of Bax provides a high-power analysis of the subtle changes that modulate the regulatory and effector activities of the protein. This study seeks to elucidate the consequence of alterations in micro-domains that confer activity, apoptotic or otherwise, to the protein. Molecular dynamics simulation was used to determine how the trans-membrane region of Bax conferred stability to the protein, identifying regions of high flexibility and differential exposure. Computationally rotating the Ψ angle at Pro168 altered the position of the α9-helix of Bax, mimicking the “active” and “inactive” forms of Bax. We found that “active” Bax, but not “inactive” Bax, presented a more relaxed structure which altered the conformation and exposure of the BH3 domain, potentially enhancing interactions among the family of Bcl-2 proteins. Since dysregulation of Bcl-2 proteins is implicated in a number of cancers, examining the basic structural dynamics at a molecular level yielded information that can aid in the design novel Bcl-2 family-targeting chemotherapeutics. Citation Format: Annette Khaled, Rebecca Boohaker, Craig Finch, Sergio Tafur. Structural insights into the dynamic functionality of Bax through molecular dynamics simulations. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5138. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-5138
Might theory X be a theory of diminishing marginal value

Act Utilitarianisms divide into Total and Average versions. Total versions seem to imply Part’ s “Repugnant Conclusion”. Average versions are proposed in part to avoid the Repugnant Conclusion, but these are subject to “Mere Addition” arguments as detailed by Hudson in “The Diminishing Marginal Value of Happy People”. Thus, various intermediate versions of utilitarianism, such as the one investigated by Hurka in “Value and Population Size”, take on interest. But Hudson argues that such compromise theories are subject to the mere addition arguments, and are therefore no improvement over Average Utilitarianism. I disagree: some such compromise solutions escape Hudson’s Mere Addition arguments.
Speckle Reduction in Holography by Means of Random Spatial Sampling

In this paper, we will illustrate a new technique by which the hologram image speckle can be reduced by spatially random sampling of the hologram aperture. The sampling procedure can be performed by a movable random mask. If the sampling function is made to be uncorrelated in subsequent spatial sampling, the speckle effect in the hologram image can be eliminated. However, an optimum sampling function may be difficult to obtain, which remains to be seen. This speckle reduction technique can be achieved only by some trade-off of the holographic resolution. A simple experimental confirmation of this technique is illustrated. Since one of the most severely limiting factors in applications of holography may be the speckle effect, this proposed technique should be added, together with the other existent techniques, to remedy this limiting factor.