cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
EUV mask process development and integration

It becomes increasingly important to have an integrated process for Extreme UltraViolet (EUV) mask fabrication in order to meet all the requirements for the 32 nm technology node and beyond. Intel Corporation established the EUV mask pilot line by introducing EUV-specific tool sets while capitalizing on the existing photomask technology and utilizing the standard photomask equipment and processes in 2004. Since then, significant progress has been made in many areas including absorber film deposition, mask patterning optimization, mask blank and patterned mask defect inspection, pattern defect repair, and EUV mask reflectivity metrology. In this paper we will present the EUV mask process with the integrated solution and the results of the mask patterning process, Ta-based in-house absorber film deposition, absorber dry etch optimization, EUV mask pattern defect inspection, absorber defect repair, and mask reflectivity performance. The EUV resist wafer print using the test masks that are fabricated in the EUV mask pilot line will be discussed as well.
Rehearsal processes in free recall: A procedure for direct observation

Rehearsal during the presentation of free-recall lists was made observable by having S s rehearse aloud as items were shown for study and tape recording their output. Items studied early in the list were found to receive more rehearsal than other list items; probability of recall for individual items was found to be an increasing function of amount of rehearsal; items being rehearsed immediately prior to test were recalled with high probability. A U-shaped serial-position curve was found. It is suggested that the recency effects may be attributed to the high probability of recall observed for items rehearsed just prior to test, while the additional rehearsal accorded initial items of the list results in the primacy effect.
Retinal immunopathology in horses with uveitis

BACKGROUND: Equine uveitis is a spontaneous disorder of horses that can serve as a model for the study of human uveitis. Although the initial presentation is that of an anterior uveitis, retinal involvement has been noted in some cases. We report here the immuno-histopathology of retinas from horses with uveitis. METHODS: Sections of eyes recovered from horses with naturally occurring uveitis and from Shetland ponies with experimental leptospira-induced uveitis were stained by hematoxylin and eosin for histopathological evaluation. Immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate retinas for MHC Class II antigen expression and infiltration of T and B lymphocytes. RESULTS: Histopathological abnormalities in retinas from horses with uveitis ranged from minimal to total loss of retinal tissue. MHC Class II antigen-positive round and dendritiform cells were seen in these retinas, but were not seen in retinas from horses without uveitis. There was no significant reactivity noted in the retinal pigment epithelial cell...
Sonication Power for Length Control of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes in Aqueous Suspensions Used for 2-Dimensional Network Formation

Control over the average length of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) in suspension is of critical importance to characterizing and developing flexible, transparent thin films that use percolative transport to achieve reproducibility in electronic properties. This paper demonstrates how the average length of SWNTs in aqueous suspensions can be controlled by the conditions used to form (sonication) and purify (low-G centrifugation) the dispersions. The effect of ultrasonic probe sonication, which was used to disperse SWNT bundles into suspension, on the length and extent of defects on the nanotubes was investigated via atomic force microscopy (AFM) and confocal Raman spectroscopy, respectively. Quantitative information about the suspension concentration and the effect of sonication power on unbundling the SWNTs was obtained via UV−vis and near-IR spectroscopy, respectively. To obtain a clear understanding of the effect of sonication power on SWNT suspensions, repeated low-G centrifugation cycles were u...
SINGLE- VERSUS DOUBLE-SCORING OF TREND RESPONSES IN TREND SCORE EQUATING WITH CONSTRUCTED-RESPONSE TESTS

This study examines the differences in equating outcomes between two trend score equating designs resulting from two different scoring strategies for trend scoring when operational constructed-response (CR) items are double-scored—the single group (SG) design, where each trend CR item is double-scored, and the nonequivalent groups with anchor test (NEAT) design, where each trend CR item is single-scored during trend score equating—for varying sample sizes (n =150, 200, 250, 300, 400). Overall results suggest larger equating errors with smaller sample sizes, though errors were small regardless of sample size. The NEAT design performed about as well as the SG design with respect to conditional and summative standard errors of equating, though it did tend to produce larger bias and root mean-squared differences (RMSDs). When accounting for the total number of trend scores required to do analyses, the NEAT design performed as well or better than the SG design (e.g., when the NEAT n =150 and the SG n = 300). This result might be partially attributable to a larger operational sample size (n = 792) and a good correlation between anchor and total score for the trend sample (r = 0.73). These results suggest that under these testing conditions, the NEAT design performed about as well as the SG design, but further research is required to assess the generalizability of the results.
Infrared spectroscopic evidence for a conformational alteration of plant plasma membranes upon exposure to the growth hormone analog, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid

Summary Infrared spectroscopy of highly purified fractions of plasma membrane vesicles from hypocotyls of etiolated soybean ( Glycine max L.) seedlings revealed changes in bands assigned to proteins and phospholipids upon exposure to the growth hormone analog, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). The changes included a concentration dependent broadening of amide I absorbance and a change in the absorbance ratios of amide I and amide II indicative of a change in protein conformation. Band broadening of amide I was observed at 2,4-D concentrations as low as 10 −8 M, and the optimal 2,4-D concentration to evoke the change was 1 μM whereas the amide peak ratios (amide II/amide I) declined steadily over the range of concentrations (10 −8 to 10 −3 M) tested. An alteration in hydrocarbon chains (CH 2 scissoring) was seen only at 1 mM (10 −3 M) 2,4-D. In contrast, the vibrational frequency of the choline stretch declined proportionally over the range 10 −6 to 10 −3 . The findings provide evidence for a conformational change in the plasma membrane in response to the hormone demonstrable in a cell-free system.
Minimum-cost mixtures of area and point defenses assuming simultaneous attack

Formfulation et analyse d'un probleme de defense d'une cible lorsque le cote de la defense possede plusieurs defenses couvrant des zones ainsi que plusieurs defenses ponctuelles
Mechanistic Study of Alcohol Oxidation by the Pd(OAc)2/O2/DMSO Catalyst System and Implications for the Development of Improved Aerobic Oxidation Catalysts

The Pd(OAc)2/O2/DMSO catalyst system displays impressive versatility in the aerobic oxidation of organic substrates, ranging from alcohols to olefins. This report details mechanistic insights into these reactions. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) plays no redox role in the chemistry, and kinetic experiments identify the turnover-limiting step as DMSO-promoted oxidation of palladium(0) by molecular oxygen. The “chemical oxidase” pathway characterized for this catalyst system holds great promise for the design of new aerobic oxidation reactions.
Differentiation between two distinct classes of viruses now classified as human herpesvirus 6.

Abstract Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) causes exanthem subitum (ES, roseola infantum), a childhood disease characterized by high fever and skin rash. We have analyzed restriction enzyme cleavage patterns of the DNAs of ES virus isolates from Japan and the United States. The patterns of all the ES viral DNAs were highly conserved, except for variable sequences within the terminal repeat sequences. They resembled closely the restriction enzyme patterns of the Z29 strain of HHV-6 but were distinct from those of the U1102 strain. That all ES isolates were closely related whereas the U1102 patterns were very different suggests that the U1102 strain represents a distinct virus. Moreover, the ES isolates all resembled the Z29 strain and not the U1102 strain with respect to reactivity with HHV-6 monoclonal antibodies. These findings provide evidence for the existence of two distinct classes of viruses previously classified as HHV-6. Whereas the Z29-like viruses are involved in ES infections, the association of the U1102-like viruses with human disease has yet to be determined.
From noticing to making sense: Using intelligence to develop strategy

(1994). From noticing to making sense: Using intelligence to develop strategy. International Journal of Intelligence and CounterIntelligence: Vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 29-73.
Energy density matrix formalism for interacting quantum systems: Quantum Monte Carlo study

We develop an energy density matrix that parallels the one-body reduced density matrix (1RDM) for many-body quantum systems. Just as the density matrix gives access to the number density and occupation numbers, the energy density matrix yields the energy density and orbital occupation energies. The eigenvectors of the matrix provide a natural orbital partitioning of the energy density while the eigenvalues comprise a single particle energy spectrum obeying a total energy sum rule. For mean-field systems the energy density matrix recovers the exact spectrum. When correlation becomes important, the occupation energies resemble quasiparticle energies in some respects. We explore the occupation energy spectrum for the finite 3D homogeneous electron gas in the metallic regime and an isolated oxygen atom with ground state quantum Monte Carlo techniques imple- mented in the QMCPACK simulation code. The occupation energy spectrum for the homogeneous electron gas can be described by an effective mass below the Fermi level. Above the Fermi level evanescent behavior in the occupation energies is observed in similar fashion to the occupation numbers of the 1RDM. A direct comparison with total energy differences demonstrates a quantita- tive connection between the occupation energies and electron addition and removal energies for the electron more » gas. For the oxygen atom, the association between the ground state occupation energies and particle addition and removal energies becomes only qualitative. The energy density matrix provides a new avenue for describing energetics with quantum Monte Carlo methods which have traditionally been limited to total energies. « less
Ice in Comet Bowell

Results of observations of the reflected light in the 1-5 micron region of the spectrum from the Comet Bowell are presented as part of the attempt to directly detect the presence of frozen volatiles in the nucleus of a comet. A deep absorption at 3.25 microns is detected in Comet Bowell which is due to the presence of H2O ice. While other volatile ices have absorption features near 3 microns, it is shown that only H2O ice is a plausible identification at the heliocentric distance of Comet Bowell during the observations (3.4 AU) since only H2O grains are stable enough to have produced the observed absorption. The implications of these findings for models of cometary nuclei are examined.
X-ray binary unified analysis: pulse/RV application to VELA X1: GP Velorum

A procedure for simultaneous analysis of multiple kinds of observations is developed for binaries that contain X-ray pulsars. A wide variety of observation types might be included, although we consider only velocity: pulse and light: velocity: pulse cases at present. The model operates with equipotentials and can accommodate non-synchronous rotation and eccentric orbits. The duration condition imposed by observed X-ray eclipses is incorporated as an embedded constraint, so that only solutions consistent with the eclipse duration are found. Relations needed for the method of differential corrections in least-squares solutions are specified, and we apply the Marquardt scheme for improvement of solution convergence. Parameters of Vela X1: GP Velorum are obtained from seven combinations of pulse and radial velocity data. The estimated masses are thereby put into some perspective, especially for the neutron star. The mass of the supergiant (m sin3 i) now ranges only ±5 per cent from the mean of seven results, although the uncertainty in i makes the actual mass range larger. We discuss the determinacy of certain parameters and their historical consistency. For example, the systemic radial velocity differs among spectroscopic data sets by more than 20 km s−1. We show that, contrary to published assertions, the orbital inclinations of high-mass X-ray binaries are essentially indeterminable by the usual methods, although lower limits to inclination may be meaningful for some examples.
Can fluid resuscitation prevent pancreatic necrosis in severe acute pancreatitis

Background/Aims: In previous studies, we have demonstrated that hemoconcentration was an early marker for necrotizing pancreatitis.The aim of the present study was to determine whet
Glucocorticoids Stimulate Protein Degradation in Lymphocytes: A Possible Mechanism of Steroid-Induced Cell Death*

The influence of glucocorticoids on protein degradation was studied in rat splenic lymphocytes in vitro using a pulse-chase method. Degradation curves for [3H]leucine-labeled protein in control cells were biphasic, having fractional protein degradative rates (kp) of 0.0359 h-1 during the first 3 h and 0.0089 h-1 during the last 5 h of an 8-h incubation period. Cells treated with 1 μM dexamethasone [9α-fluoro-11β,17,21-trihydroxy-16αmethyl- pregna-l,4-diene-3,20-dione (DEX)] degraded labeled protein at a nearly constant rate during the 8-h period, with kp values of 0.0398 h-1 from 0–3 h and 0.0329 h-1 during the last 5 h of hormone exposure. This glucocorticoid-induced increase in the protein-degradative rate begins after about 3 h of hormone treatment and represents a 270% increase over the proteolytic rate in control cells. Lymphocytes labeled in vitro with [3H]phenylalanine or in vivo with [3H]leucine also respond to DEX in vitro through comparable increases in degradation of labeled protein. Concomitan...
Peptides with strong immunochemical inhibitory activity from bovine serum albumin. Application of a novel approach

Abstract Bovine serum albumin was rendered accessible to tryptic hydrolysis at the arginine peptide bonds by reversible blocking of the amino groups with citraconic anhydride. The tryptic digest showed 83% inhibition of albumin reaction with anti-bovine serum albumin and 97% inhibition of its reaction with the IgG fraction from the immune serum. The tryptic digest was fractionated on Sephadex G50 and the inhibitory activity was recovered completely in the first peak which was further resolved into four components by chromatography on CM-cellulose. The four components each had a molecular weight of about 17 000 and their inhibitory activity ranged between 50 and 80%. The inhibitory activity was destroyed by tryptic digestion at lysine residues or by performic acid oxidation. Therefore, intactness of antigenic reactive sites and conformational integrity due to both size and disulfide bonds are critical for the immunochemical reactivity.
A model for the hydrogen bond.

Abstract A model of the linear hydrogen bond has been devised which is characterized by three physical parameters of the isolated electron donor and proton donor molecules: μA-H, the bond dipole moment; ΔI, the difference in ionization potential between that of the electron donor and the corresponding noble gas atom; and l, the length of the electron donor lone-pair of electrons. The model is able to explain dimerization energy, charge transfer, internuclear separation, directionality, stretching force constants, dimer dipole moment, and infrared intensity enhancement.
The Philadelphia Pulmonary Neoplasm Research Project: Symptoms in Occult Lung Cancer

In a prospective study of 6,027 older men screened every six months for ten years by means of chest photofluorograms and questionnaires regarding symptoms, 121 developed lung cancer after the first examination. Eighty-five men with lung cancer had the opportunity to be screened eight times before the tumor was detected by chest x-ray film, but only 33 actually reported that often. These 33 men were compared with matched controls for symptoms before the neoplasm was detected radiologically. The common symptoms of expectoration and chronic cough showed a significant increase in frequency over time in the cases of cancer, while only expectoration showed a slight increase in the controls. Uncommon symptoms more suggestive of lung cancer (hemoptysis and worsening cough) occurred in only four men prior to detection of cancer. Symptoms are seldom useful in the detection of occult lung cancer, but the appearance of expectoration and chronic cough in older male smokers should raise a suspicion of this disease.
Evidence for stimulus-general impairments on auditory stream segregation tasks in schizophrenia.

Background Auditory impairments in schizophrenia have been demonstrated previously, especially for tasks requiring precise encoding of frequency, although it is unclear the extent to which they have difficulty using pitch information and other cues to segregate sounds. We determined the extent to which those with schizophrenia have difficulty using pitch information and other auditory cues to segregate sounds that are presented sequentially.
Towards a rearticulation of women‐as‐victims: A thematic analysis of the construction of women's identities surrounding gendered violence

This essay argues for a more sophisticated understanding of women's identities in relation to gendered violence. Inductive analysis of in‐depth interviews with individuals from various organizations that attempt to end violence against women was conducted. First, the her‐story of women being labeled and constructed as victims is explored. Second, articulation theory is advanced as a means of rearticulating women's identities. Third, excerpts from interviews with participants are analyzed. Finally, this study considers both the theoretical and practical implications of how the discursive and material constructions of women's identities affect strategies aimed at ending gendered violence.
mTOR-Dependent Synapse Formation Underlies the Rapid Antidepressant Effects of NMDA Antagonists

The rapid antidepressant response after ketamine administration in treatment-resistant depressed patients suggests a possible new approach for treating mood disorders compared to the weeks or months required for standard medications. However, the mechanisms underlying this action of ketamine [a glutamate N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor antagonist] have not been identified. We observed that ketamine rapidly activated the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, leading to increased synaptic signaling proteins and increased number and function of new spine synapses in the prefrontal cortex of rats. Moreover, blockade of mTOR signaling completely blocked ketamine induction of synaptogenesis and behavioral responses in models of depression. Our results demonstrate that these effects of ketamine are opposite to the synaptic deficits that result from exposure to stress and could contribute to the fast antidepressant actions of ketamine.
An NMDA receptor on isolated secretory nerve endings.

Abstract While the presence of post-synaptic NMDA receptors in the CNS is well-established, the present study addressed the question of whether NMDA receptors may also be present on secretory nerve endings. Using microspectrofluorometry of fura-2 loaded isolated neurohypophysial nerve endings of the rat, we found that both glutamate (EC 50 = 50 μM) and NMDA (EC 50 = 30 μM) induced a rapid rise in (Ca 2+ i . These responses were glycine-dependent and abolished by 1 MM Mg 2+ , 1 μM dizocilpine, and removal of extracellular Ca 2+ . Responses were not significantly affected by treatment with Ca 2+ channel blockers or 10 μM M CNQX.
Regulation of cytoskeletal mechanics and cell growth by myosin light chain phosphorylation

The role of myosin light chain phosphorylation in regulating the mechanical properties of the cytoskeleton was studied in NIH/3T3 fibroblasts expressing a truncated, constitutively active form of s...
I/O Staggering for Low-Power Jitter Reduction

In this paper, we have developed simplified analytical models for far-end crosstalk that points us in a direction to an ultra-low power technique for reducing crosstalk-induced jitter in existing high-speed memory I/O interfaces. This new architecture design introduces variable delays in alternating lines at the transmitter to mitigate crosstalk-induced jitter. The power-efficient technique decreases jitter at the expense of lowering the voltage margin. The architecture has been verified via simulations and direct measurements. Simulation results at 12 Gb/s show that staggered I/Os can successfully reduce jitter by 66.7% and widen the eye by 15.0% while only degrading the voltage margin by 19.5%. Measurement results obtained at 600 Mb/s confirm the presented theoretical framework and show the removal of CIJ at the expense of decreasing the voltage margin from 373 mV to 215 mV.
MOLECULAR MODELING OF INTERACTIONS IN ZEOLITES : AN AB INITIO EMBEDDED CLUSTER STUDY OF NH3 ADSORPTION IN CHABAZITE

We present an embedded cluster approach for modeling interactions in zeolites and an application of this model to the study of NH3 and NH4 + adsorption in chabazite. This model utilizes the SCREEP (surface charge representation of the electrostatic embedding potential) formalism to include an accurate description of the Madelung potential in quantum mechanical calculations. The model is validated by comparison with previous cluster, embedded cluster, and periodic calculations on this system. The importance of including the Madelung potential and geometry relaxation in zeolite calculations is addressed. After considering the effects of electron correlation, basis set superposition error, and the zero-point energy, the model yields a heat of adsorption of -170 kJ/mol for NH4 + in chabazite, in good agreement with experimental TPD data.
Nodular fasciitis of the hand : A potential diagnostic pitfall in fine-needle aspiration cytopathology

Fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) is applied very uncommonly to soft tissue masses and even more infrequently to lesions of the hand. Nodular fasciitis, an uncommon pseudosarcomatous lesion of soft tissue, rarely occurs in the hand and, because of this, is not often considered in the differential diagnosis of hand masses. We report 3 cases (2 men and 1 woman; mean age, 44.3 years) of soft tissue masses of the hand, which, after clinical and radiologic evaluation, were strongly suspected by an experienced orthopedic oncologist as harboring a soft tissue sarcoma. Each patient underwent FNAB, which showed markedly hypercellular smears with overlapping, relatively isomorphic spindle cells that were mistaken cytologically as possible sarcoma in 2 cases; 1 case was considered probable nodular fasciitis. All lesions eventually were diagnosed as nodular fasciitis after thorough histologic and immunohistologic evaluation. Nodular fasciitis remains a difficult diagnosis by FNAB, particularly when it occurs in locations such as the hand.
Building the Clinton Legacy Through Frame Alignment

This article examines Clinton’s rhetorical strategy for creating a legacy in light of the imminent end of his second and final term as president. By examining Clinton’s public discourse from 1997 to 1999, with special attention to the period from September 1998 to June 1999, this article argues that Clinton used the frame of his race initiative to centripetally incorporate varied events and policies to redefine and bolster his legacy in the aftermath of scandal and political polarity. Specifically, President Clinton, with an eye on the legacy of the president and the identity of the Democratic Party, gathered the war in Kosovo and the shootings in Littleton, Colorado, along with their attendant disparate policies into one rhetorical frame, thereby supplying a conception of what Clinton’s 6 years as president had been about, a vision and mission for America, and an identity for the Democratic party distinct from the Republicans.
Status of the LBNE Neutrino Beamline

The Long Baseline Neutrino Experiment (LBNE) will utilize a neutrino beamline facility located at Fermilab to carry out a compelling research program in neutrino physics. The facility will aim a beam of neutrinos toward a detector placed at the Homestake Mine in South Dakota. The neutrinos are produced in a three-step process. First, protons from the Main Injector (60-120 GeV) hit a solid target and produce mesons. Then, the charged mesons are focused by a set of focusing horns into the decay pipe, towards the far detector. Finally, the mesons that enter the decay pipe decay into neutrinos. The parameters of the facility were determined taking into account several factors including the physics goals, the Monte Carlo modeling of the facility, spacial and radiological constraints and the experience gained by operating the NuMI facility at Fermilab. The initial beam power is expected to be {approx}700 kW, however some of the parameters were chosen to be able to deal with a beam power of 2.3 MW. We discuss here the status of the conceptual design and the associated challenges.
Engineering undergraduate persistence and contributing factors

The engineers of 2020 must be technically sound in their disciplines, global citizens, as well as aspirational, ethical leaders. To foster a new generation of engineering talent, modern curricula must advance strong analytical skills, teamwork, professionalism, and leadership. However, new curriculum with poor student retention cannot be deemed successful. We believe we possess the key components of a successful program, such as well-designed curricula, dedicated faculty and strong support services, yet many students leave our School. There is widespread speculation about the reasons for leaving, including financial need and lack of academic preparedness. To address these national and local retention phenomena, an evaluation process was designed to obtain quantitative information about why our students leave. The study assessed student attitudes associated with educational experiences in their new major contrasted to their engineering experiences. Thus, information gained could be a basis for decision making for future processes and proposed improvements. Engineering is committed to the challenge of developing solutions to increase the overall retention rate and diversity of engineering graduates to meet both internal and external pressures for accountability and industry demands. This paper will address some of the viable solutions to counter the problems identified in our study as well as a discussion of how they have been implemented in our school.
Comparative study of broth macrodilution and microdilution techniques for in vitro antifungal susceptibility testing of yeasts by using the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards' proposed standard.

A comparative study of broth macro- and microdilution methods for susceptibility testing of fluconazole, itraconazole, flucytosine, and amphotericin B was conducted with 273 yeasts. The clinical isolates included 100 Candida albicans, 28 Candida tropicalis, 25 Candida parapsilosis, 15 Candida lusitaniae, 15 Candida krusei, 50 Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans, 25 Torulopsis (Candida) glabrata, and 15 Trichosporon beigelii strains. Both methods were performed according to the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards9 (NCCLS) recommendations (document M27-P). For fluconazole, itraconazole, and flucytosine, the endpoint was the tube that showed 80% growth inhibition compared with the growth control for the macrodilution method and the well with slightly hazy turbidity (score 1) compared with the growth control for the microdilution method. For amphotericin B, the endpoint was the tube and/or well in which there was absence of growth. For the reference macrodilution method, the MICs were determined after 48 h of incubation for Candida spp., T. glabrata, and T. beigelii and after 72 h for C. neoformans var. neoformans. For the microdilution method, either the first-day MICs (24 h for all isolates other than C. neoformans and 48 h for C. neoformans var. neoformans) or the second-day MICs (48 and 72 h, respectively) were evaluated. The agreement within one doubling dilution of the macrodilution reference for all drugs was higher with the second-day MICs than with the first-day MICs for the microdilution test for most of the tested strains. General agreement was 92% for fluconazole, 85.7% for itraconazole, 98.3% for flucytosine, and 96.4% for amphotericin B. For C. neoformans var. neoformans and T. beigelii, the agreement of the first-day reading was higher than that of the second-day reading for fluconazole (94 versus 92%, respectively, for C. neoformans var. neoformans, and 86.7 versus 80%, respectively, for T. beigelii). Our studies indicate that the microdilution technique performed following the NCCLS guidelines with a second-day reading is a valid alternative method for testing fluconazole, itraconazole, flucytosine, and amphotericin B against these eight species of yeasts.
IDC: An Energy Efficient Communication Scheme for Connected Mobile Platforms

Mobile platforms (e.g. laptops) offer ubiquitous network connectivity through its wireless communication interfaces, with most of usage models driven by always-on communication activities. However this in turn creates significant power challenges as the battery life is a critical resource for all mobile platforms. While the communication device itself consumes a relatively small portion of the total power, the impact of communication on the overall platform power is significant, due to the non-deterministic nature of the network traffic, which tends to keep the platform busy more than necessary. In this paper, we extensively investigate characteristics of various real-world network-centric workloads, e.g., VoIP, web browsing, etc., and their impact on the mobile platform in terms of power consumption and energy. Based on the understandings, we propose, implement and evaluate an Interrupt /DMA (Direct Memory Access) Coalescing (IDC) scheme at the wireless network interface card (NIC). This scheme effectively reduces platform wakeups due to incoming network traffic, Another advantage of the scheme is that it requires only NIC modification at the receiving node, and is transparent to the user and the network. Using a commercial NIC with a laptop testing platform, we evaluate the power savings and performance impact of our proposed scheme. The measurements show that our scheme achieves significant platform power saving, around 25% of platform components, without impacting user experience.
The Impact of Student Success Skills on Standardized Test Scores: A Meta-Analysis

This meta-analysis investigates the practical significance of the Student Success Skills (SSS) program on student achievement. Each study involved the SSS intervention, math and reading scores, at ...
Analytic interpolation with degree constraints: the multivariable case

We study (generic) minimal degree solutions of certain analytic interpolation for matrix-valued functions. More specifically, we consider a positive-real variant of the multivariable Nehari problem. Using recent results on the multivariable moment problem, we identify a natural family of "generically minimal" McMillan degree solutions.
Religious Involvement and Attitudes Toward Parenting Among Low-Income Urban Women

The authors employ data from the Welfare, Children, and Families project, a probability sample of 2,402 low-income women with children living in low-income neighborhoods in Boston, Chicago, and San Antonio, to test whether religious attendance is associated with parental satisfaction, perceived parental demands, and parental distress over 2 years. They also consider three potential mediators of the association between religious attendance and attitudes toward parenting: social support, self-esteem, and psychological distress. Results show that women who frequently attend religious services report greater parental satisfaction, perceive fewer parental demands, and report less parental distress than do women who attend less frequently. The authors also find that the mediators under study help to partially explain the relationship between religious attendance and attitudes toward parenting.
A Comprehensive Model for Carbon Suppression of Boron Transient Enhanced Diffusion

In this work, the time evolution of B transient enhanced diffusion (TED) suppression due to the incorporation of 0.018% substitutional carbon in silicon was studied. The combination of having low C concentrations, which reduce B TED without completely eliminating it, and having diffused B profiles for several times at a single temperature provides much data upon which various models for the suppression of B TED can be tested. Recent work in the literature has indicated that the suppression of B TED in C-rich Si is caused by non-equilibrium Si point defect concentrations, specifically the undersaturation of Si self-interstitials, that result from the coupled out-diffusion of carbon interstitials via the kick-out and Frank-Turnbull reactions. Attempts to model our data with these two reactions revealed that the time evolved diffusion behavior of B was not accurately simulated and that an additional reaction that further reduces the Si self-inter- stitial concentration was necessary. In this work, we incorporate a carbon interstitial, carbon substitutional (Ci Cs ) pairing mechanism into a comprehensive model that includes the C kick-out reaction, C Frank-Turnbull reaction, {311} defects, and boron interstitial clusters (BICs) and demonstrate that this model successfully simulates C suppression of B TED at 750 °C for anneal times ranging from 10 s to 60 min.
Mip1, an MEKK2-Interacting Protein, Controls MEKK2 Dimerization and Activation

Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades are central components of the intracellular signaling networks used by eukaryotic cells to respond to a wide spectrum of extracellular stimuli. An MAPK is activated by an MAPK kinase, which in turn is activated by an MAPK kinase kinase (MAP3K). However, little is known about the molecular aspects of the regulation and activation of large numbers of MAP3Ks that are crucial in relaying upstream receptor-mediated signals through the MAPK cascades to induce various physiological responses. In this study, we identified a novel MEKK2-interacting protein, Mip1, that regulates MEKK2 dimerization and activation by forming a complex with inactive and nonphosphorylated MEKK2. In particular, Mip1 prevented MEKK2 activation by blocking MEKK2 dimer formation, which in turn blocked JNKK2, c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1 (JNK1), extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5, and AP-1 reporter gene activation by MEKK2. Furthermore, we found that the endogenous Mip1-MEKK2 complex was dissociated transiently following epidermal growth factor stimulation. In contrast, the knockdown of Mip1 expression by siRNA augmented the MEKK2-mediated JNK and AP-1 reporter activation. Together, our data suggest a novel model for MEKK2 regulation and activation.
The Vertical Construct Validity of Business Economic Performance Measures

Organizational research has had problems with the concept of business economic performance because this concept has not been adequately developed theoretically, and little attention has been paid to measurement issues. This article discusses a study that formally assessed the performance construct, including the issues of dimensionality and convergent and discriminant validity. The research used data on the performance of 110 organizations, and the guiding hypotheses were that operating and market performance constitute two separate but correlated dimensions of the financial performance construct, and that indicators of operating performance would be highly correlated with and significantly related to that dimension, as would indicators of market performance with that dimension. The study's results supported the multidimensional nature of the construct.
MicroRNA-21 is upregulated during the proliferative phase of liver regeneration, targets Pellino-1, and inhibits NF-κB signaling

During liver regeneration, normally quiescent liver cells reenter the cell cycle, nonparenchymal and parenchymal cells divide, and proper liver architecture is restored. The gene expression program...
Hypertension: Update 2011

This is the final “ Hypertension Update” for our current team of editors. We greatly appreciate the tremendous support from the many authors who have submitted their best research for consideration, the reviewers and editorial board members who have committed valuable time and energy to ensure that the best manuscripts are selected for publication, and the many loyal readers who have provided feedback that has improved the journal over the past 10 years of our editorship. It has been a privilege and a great pleasure to serve the readers of Hypertension and the American Heart Association (AHA). Our main objectives for Hypertension from the beginning have been (1) to publish the highest quality original basic and clinical research relating to hypertension; (2) to increase the readership and scientific importance of Hypertension ; (3) to ensure rapid and fair manuscript reviews, rapid publication of articles, and to provide the highest possible level of efficiency and “customer satisfaction” in our office operations; and (4) to effectively serve the international community of hypertension researchers and clinicians, and provide an important vehicle for achieving the mission of the AHA. As noted in a previous review of the history of Hypertension ,1 we were fortunate that our predecessors handed the journal to us in good shape. Although Hypertension had a difficult birth, it rapidly became the leading journal in its field under the successive editorships of Harriet Dustan (founding editor, University of Alabama-Birmingham), Ed Haber (Harvard University), Allyn Mark and Jerry DiBona (University of Iowa), and Ed Frohlich (Tulane University).1 When the editorship was transferred to us in 2002, we assembled an international team of editors for the first time in the journal's history. The Associate Editors included Joey Granger, Dan Jones and Celso Gomez-Sanchez from the University of Mississippi Medical Center, Curt …
Identification of stem cell transcriptional programs normally expressed in embryonic and neural stem cells in alloreactive CD8+ T cells mediating graft-versus-host disease.

A hallmark of graft-versus-host-disease (GVHD), a life-threatening complication after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, is the cytopathic injury of host tissues mediated by persistent alloreactive effector T cells (TE). However, the mechanisms that regulate the persistence of alloreactive TE during GVHD remain largely unknown. Using mouse GVHD models, we demonstrate that alloreactive CD8+ TE rapidly diminished in vivo when adoptively transferred into irradiated secondary congenic recipient mice. In contrast, although alloreactive CD8+ TE underwent massive apoptosis upon chronic exposure to alloantigens, they proliferated in vivo in secondary allogeneic recipients, persisted, and caused severe GVHD. Thus, the continuous proliferation of alloreactive CD8+ TE, which is mediated by alloantigenic stimuli rather than homeostatic factors, is critical to maintaining their persistence. Gene expression profile analysis revealed that although alloreactive CD8+ TE increased the expression of genes associated with cell death, they activated a group of stem cell genes normally expressed in embryonic and neural stem cells. Most of these stem cell genes are associated with cell cycle regulation, DNA replication, chromatin modification, and transcription. One of these genes, Ezh2, which encodes a chromatin modifying enzyme, was abundantly expressed in CD8+ TE. Silencing Ezh2 significantly reduced the proliferation of alloantigen-activated CD8+ T cells. Thus, these findings identify that a group of stem cell genes could play important roles in sustaining terminally differentiated alloreactive CD8+ TE and may be therapeutic targets for controlling GVHD.
Impact of School-Based Health Center Use on Academic Outcomes

Purpose: The purpose of this study was twofold: (1) to examine the effects of School-Based Health Center (SBHC) use on academic outcomes for high school students, using a well-controlled, longitudinal model, and (2) to examine whether SBHC medical and mental health service use differentially impacts academic outcomes. Methods: Analyses used a latent variable growth curve modeling approach to examine longitudinal outcomes over five school semesters for ninth grade SBHC users and nonusers from Fall 2005 to Fall 2007 (n ¼ 2,306). Propensity score analysis was used to control for self-selection factors in the SBHC user and nonuser groups. Results: Results indicated a significant increase in attendance for SBHC medical users compared to nonusers. Grade point average increases over time were observed for mental health users compared to nonusers. Discipline incidents were not found to be associated with SBHC use. Conclusions: SBHC usewas associated with academic improvements overtime fora high-risk group of users. The moderating effect of type of use (medical and mental health) reinforces the importance of looking at subgroups when determining the impact of SBHC use on outcomes. 2009 Society for Adolescent Medicine. All rights reserved.
A Review of Density Dependence in Populations of Large Mammals

The study of population regulation has been central to much of the work on the population biology of both animals and plants, as seen in much of the literature (for example, Lack, 1954; Slobodkin, 1961; MacArthur and Connell, 1967; McLaren, 1971; Ricklefs, 1973; Emmel, 1976; Tamarin, 1978). Recent developments in the theoretical aspects of population dynamics have led to a growing union of the concepts of life history analysis with those of population regulation, both in an evolutionary context (for example, Boyce, 1984). Much of the literature dealing with population regulation covers research on fishes and insects, with some work devoted to the study of birds (Nikolskii, 1969; Lack, 1966; Clark et al., 1967; Weatherly, 1972; Varley et al., 1973; Hassel, 1975; Gulland, 1977). Wynne-Edwards (1962) presents information on density dependence for a number of taxonomic categories. Reviews of the literature dealing with density dependence exist for fish (McFadden, 1977) and small mammals (Christian, 1963; Krebs and Myers, 1974). A preliminary review for large mammals was produced by Fowler et al. (1980).
Back To Basics: Algebraic Foundations Of The Statement Of Cash Flows

The indirect method for preparing the statement of cash flows, as described in many standard textbooks, involves an item-by-item approach, telling you to add to or subtract from the net income, the increases or decreases in the balance sheet items, such as accounts payable or accounts receivable. Many business students, especially at the undergraduate level, find these black-box-rules confusing. In recent years, several articles have appeared in the accounting literature, exploring the link between the algebraic foundations and the enumeration of items in the statement of cash flows. In this paper, an explanation is provided, through an analysis of the basic algebraic equation of the balance sheet, for the black-box-rules of the indirect method in a simple and concise manner.
Las primeras formas del Indigenismo en Argentina: la voz de sus precursores

Los discursos narrativos en busca de una identidad nacional que se fueron produciendo en Argentina despues de la Organizacion Nacional coincidieron con la llegada masiva de inmigrantes y la finalizacion de la Conquista del Desierto, con la que se consiguio, si no exterminar, si asimilar a miles de indigenas. Sin embargo, ante la excesiva cosmopolitizacion de Buenos Aires, surgieron voces que clamaban por una autenticacion de la argentinidad. Ciertos escritores del interior que ya contaban con el beneplacito de la intelectualidad bonaerense comenzaron a publicar discursos nativistas como oposicion a las nuevas tendencias extranjerizantes en un intento por la rehabilitacion de una tradicion nacional y en un espacio editorial menos competitivo, pero tambien como un retroceso al pasado bucolico que solo el interior del pais podia representar. En este articulo se abordaran los discursos regionalistas que dieron voz a la realidad indigena que habia sido olvidada como depositaria de la identidad nacional, como las obras de Joaquin V. Gonzalez y de Ricardo Rojas. Estos discursos, junto a las indagaciones arqueologicas de Juan Bautista Ambrosetti, Lafone Quevedo y Adan Quiroga, contribuyeron a revalorizar el pasado indigena argentino y a renovar la imagen del indio quien, sin embargo, aun sufria la invisibilidad y la explotacion, hechos que si supo ver aisladamente Juana Manuela Gorriti en su cuento “Si haces mal no esperes bien” de 1860. Aunque la denuncia social en la literatura se produjo algunas decadas mas tarde, las tendencias herderianas de principios de siglo sirvieron de acicate para un desarrollo posterior plenamente indigenista.
What, If Anything, Is a Species?

Each generation, evolutionary biologists seem doomed to grapple with the “species question” epitomized in my title. The task is often seen as Sisyphean, with no final consensus on what really constitutes a “species” ever emerging. In contrast, I believe that important strides in understanding what species may or may not be have been taken in the last 50 years, including much important work underway at the present. In particular, we have hope, if not for consensus, at least for a detailed understanding of why consensus on the nature of species has persistently eluded evolutionary biologists.