cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Radiative Recombinations in be-Doped Alx Ga1-x As

Abstract Six types of systematic photoluminescence (PL) surements (T ≥ 77 K) were carried out on single crystals of AlxGa1-xAs (x ~ 0.3) undoped or doped with Be by LPE or ion implantation. The multimea-surements approach was employed in order to ascertain that the highest-energy radiative recombination was in fact band-to-band (BTB), and consequently to obtain accurate activation energies. LPE doped crystal luminescence consisted of a high-energy BTB peak and a lower energy shoulder (observed near 77K) assigned to free electron to bound (FTB) hole reconbination at the Be acceptor center. All Be implanted AlxGa1-xAs specimens had BTB radiative recombinations at T ≥ 77 K. The lower energy FTB shoulder, observed between 85 and 77K, appeared only for crystals annealed at or above 800°C, i.e., the higher temperatures are necessary to activate the implanted Be dopant in AlxGal-xAs. In addition to the BTB and FTB peaks, a PL peak at ~ 1.29 eV is attributed to implantation damaqe.
Transmitting Ideals: Constructing Self and Moral Discourse on Loveline

Loveline is a late-night radio advice show currently airing on progressive rock stations in the United States. Callers present their most intimate troubles to the show’s DJ‐doctor advice-giving team, revealing themselves to an audience of faceless millions. I analyze three distinct interactional phases through which Loveline callers and hosts symbolically transform troubled selves: with each problem revealed, each embarrassing joke made, each specific recommendation given, a moral discourse is constructed. Loveline incrementally builds a distinctive way of conceptualizing right and wrong, closely tied to standards of a whole, happy, healthy selfhood. And while the notions of a moral discourse and an ideal self are fundamentally modern, Loveline ’s distinctive combination of mass-mediated anonymity, intimate subject matter, satiric tone, and fragmented interaction patterns conveys these modern concepts over the radio waves and into a postmodern world.
Predispersed Solvent Extraction

Abstract A novel method for solvent extraction from aqueous solution dispenses with a mixer-settler as the solvent is precomminuted in the form of aphrons which, after extraction, are buoyed to the surface by micrometer-sized bubbles. Extraction from solutions as dilute as a few parts per billion is possible in seconds.
The quest for the “Holy Grail” of ischemic stroke cytoprotection Statins may not be the answer

Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) has been performed for over 40 years. Operative techniques have evolved, and CABG can now be done either with or without cardiopulmonary bypass, the latter being associated with lower 1-year rates of death, myocardial infarction, and stroke in at least some series.1 Despite surgical refinements, post-CABG stroke, encephalopathy, and cognitive decline remain important clinical problems.2 Prospective studies demonstrate post-CABG stroke rates up to 5.2% with encephalopathy occurring in 14%.2 The pathophysiologic bases of these neurologic complications may in part be related to microemboli, hypoperfusion, and postoperative atrial fibrillation. Independent risk factors for neurologic perioperative events are similar to those for systemic vascular disease (e.g., hypertension, diabetes, peripheral vascular disease, prior stroke, and age).2 Although predictive models can be helpful in identifying CABG patients at untoward neurologic risk, drugs to protect the brain would have the potential to decrease the consequences of ischemic injury. Achieving the goal of identifying a clinically effective cytoprotective drug that could positively and meaningfully affect patient outcomes when given after ischemic stroke has been elusive. Of the numerous compounds having such properties in laboratory experiments, none has proven beneficial in clinical trials.3 There are …
Exploring Models of Resiliency by Gender in Relation to Adolescent Victimization

Abstract Conditions associated with peer and criminal victimization experiences of adolescents were explored via measures of risk and protection as reported on by eighth- and tenth-grade students (N = 1,619). Four models of resiliency were tested using cumulative indexes of protection and risk. Furthermore, the relative and cumulative effects of protection and risk on victimization were explored across ecological domains. Results suggest a resiliency framework that considers risk and protection across multiple ecological domains is a useful heuristic for understanding adolescent victimization experiences. Implications for research and practice are presented.
Elicitation of the proline-linked pentose phosphate pathway metabolites and antioxidant enzyme response by ascorbic acid in dark germinated fava bean sprouts

Elicitation by ascorbic acid stimulated higher phenolic content in late stages of germination and higher antioxidant activity during early and late germination in fava bean sprouts. The high free radical scavenging-linked antioxidant activity on day 1 coincided with high levo-dihydroxy phenylalanine and total phenolics. A positive correlation between the stimulation of phenolic synthesis and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) activity was also observed, indicating its likely role in carbohydrate mobilization. Improved guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) activity in response to elicitation indicated the likely polymerization of soluble phenolics. Higher GPX, superoxide dismutase and catalase linked antioxidant enzyme response correlated to increase in proline and phenolics. A proline-linked stimulation likely provided nicotinamide adenine dinucleotidephosphate from pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) as indicated by an increase in G6PDH, the first committed step of PPP, which then supported phenolic synthesis and antioxidant enzyme response. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS This research indicates that ascorbic acid is an effective elicitor of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) in dark germinated fava bean sprouts. It increases synthesis of health-relevant phenolics and levo-dihydroxy phenylalanine relevant to Parkinson's disease management. The stimulation of PPPwas linked to accumulation of free proline thereby supporting the proline-linked pentose phosphate pathway model. It provides an understanding of the role of phenolic antioxidants on redox modulation in the cell by being effective free radical scavengers and also by inducing the antioxidant enzyme responses through providing the reducing equivalents required for their activity. This knowledge can be used as a biochemical strategy to design seed sprouts for functional food applications.
Acellular Dermal Matrix in Aesthetic Revisionary Breast Surgery

Breast augmentation is one of the most commonly-performed cosmetic procedures worldwide. Unfortunately, many women require revisionary surgery related to unsatisfactory results or complications such as capsular contracture, implant malposition, and ptosis. While, historically, surgeons have relied on often-imperfect native tissue to correct these deformities, acellular dermal matrix (ADM) offers a new option for solving these difficult aesthetic problems. In this article, the authors provide background information about the role of ADM in providing excellent and lasting results to cosmetic breast augmentation patients, and they describe their method of subpectoral revisionary augmentation00 with ADM.
Importance of disease surveillance

Abstract An effective infectious disease control activity requires current surveillance of mortality and morbidity as well as populations at risk, and the changing character of disease agents. This paper presents a discussion of detection, notifications, and the nature of serologic surveys to guide immunization and other control procedures. Surveillance should also be directed at the detection of new microbial agents, variants, or types of pathogenes recently absent or those developing resistance to commonly used drugs and antibiotics.
Effects of catechol and its analogs on pancreatic carcinogenesis initiated by N-nitrosobis(2-oxopropyl)amine in Syrian hamsters.

The modifying effects of the phenolic antioxidant catechol (CC) and its analogs hydroquinone (HQ) and resorcinol (RN) on pancreatic carcinogenesis were evaluated in 146 female Syrian golden hamsters. Groups of animals received either saline or 70 mg/kg body wt N-nitrosobis(2-oxopropyl)amine (BOP) s.c. injections, twice with a 2 week interval, followed by basal diet or diet containing 1.5% of CC, HQ or RN, and 0.75% CC from week 4. All hamsters were killed at week 20 and histopathologically examined for development of pancreatic, liver and gall bladder lesions. The total numbers of pancreatic lesions comprising carcinomas, atypical ductal hyperplasias and ductal hyperplasias per hamster were significantly decreased in animals receiving BOP followed by CC, HQ and RN when compared to those in hamsters given BOP followed by basal diet. Incidence values for atypical ductal hyperplasias were also significantly decreased by the RN or 0.75% CC treatments. The results thus suggest that pancreatic carcinogenesis initiated by BOP in Syrian hamsters can be inhibited by treatments with phenolic antioxidants such as CC, HQ and RN for a relatively short experimental period.
Combining local and remote infrasound recordings from the 2009 Redoubt Volcano eruption

Abstract The explosive phase of the 2009 Redoubt Volcano eruption produced predominantly short duration, high-amplitude infrasound signals recorded up to 4500 km away. All 19 numbered explosive events were recorded at a local microphone (DFR, 12 km), as well as at an infrasound array in Fairbanks, Alaska (I53US, 547 km), most with high signal to noise ratios. The local microphone provides an estimate of the source parameters, and comparison between the two datasets allows the unique opportunity to evaluate acoustic source term estimation at a remote array. High waveform similarity between DFR and I53US occurs during much of the explosive phase due to strong stratospheric ducting, permitting accurate source constraints inferred from I53US data. Cross-correlation analysis after applying a Hilbert transform to the I53US data shows how the acoustic energy has passed through a single caustic, as predicted by ray theory. Similar to previous studies, significant low-frequency infrasound from Redoubt recorded at I53US is coincident with high-altitude ash emissions. The largest events also produced considerable energy at greater than 50 s periods, likely related to the initial oscillations of the volcanic plume or jet. Many of the explosive events have emergent onsets, somewhat unusual for explosive, short-duration eruptions. Comparison of the satellite-derived SO2 emissions with the relative amount of acoustic energy at I53US shows a very high, statistically significant correlation. This study reiterates the utility of using remote infrasound arrays for detection of hazardous emissions and characterization of large volcanic eruptions, and demonstrates how, under typical meteorological conditions, remote infrasound arrays can provide an accurate representation of the acoustic source.
On the mechanism of paroxysmal tachycardia with rhythmic alternation in the direction of the ventricular complexes

Abstract 1. 1. A case of paroxysmal tachycardia with rhythmic alternation in the direction of the ventricular complexes in the electrocardiogram is reported together with a review of the literature. 2. 2. There have been thirty-two cases of bidirectional alternating ventricular tachycardia recorded in the literature, most of these associated with severe cardiac damage and digitalis administration. 3. 3. We have presented clinical and electrocardiographic evidence which suggests that in our patient the mechanism was due to the action of two separate foci, one in the A-V nodal tissues above the bifurcation of the bundle of His the other in the ventricular muscle.
Is the anomeric effect an important factor in the rate of adenosine deaminase catalyzed hydrolysis of purine nucleosides? A direct comparison of nucleoside analogues constructed on ribose and carbocyclic templates with equivalent heterocyclic bases selected to promote hydration.

Abstract The aglycone of (North)-methanocarbadeoxyadenosine [(N)-MCdA, ( 5 )], a relatively weak substrate for adenosine deaminase (ADA)—relative rate of deamination ca. 100 times lower than adenosine—was modified with substitutions at positions 6 (6-fluoro, compound 6 ) and 8 (8-aza, compound 7 ) with the intent to improve the level of hydration and hence hydrolysis by ADA. In these substrates the fused cyclopropane moiety constrains the cyclopentane ring to mimic the conformation of a furanose sugar in the North hemisphere of the pseudorotational cycle, which matches the conformation of the ribose ring of adenosine in complex with ADA. The order of susceptibility to ADA hydrolysis was adenosine>>(N)-MCdA ( 5 )≈(N)-6F-MCdP ( 6 )>(N)-8-aza-MCdA ( 7 ). Despite the known fact that 8-azaadenosine is hydrolyzed twice as fast as adenosine, the corresponding carbocyclic analogue 7 was hydrolyzed at approximately half the rate of the parent 5 . These results argue in favor of the critical role of the O(4′) oxygen atom and its associated anomeric effect in assisting hydrolysis by ADA.
Measuring nonequilibrium vesicle dynamics in neurons under tension

Vesicle transport in neurons is a highly complex nonequilibrium process. Their subcellular environment is undergoing constant fluctuations from thermal energy and molecular motors. Vesicle transport is an interplay between random motion (passive) and directed motion (active) driven by molecular motors along cytoskeletal filaments. It has been shown that growth, guidance, and vesicle dynamics of neurons is affected by mechanical tension. Here we present a method to analyze vesicle transport via a temporal Mean Square Displacement (tMSD) analysis while applying mechanical strain to neurons. The tMSD analysis allows characterization of active and passive vesicle motion as well as many other parameters including: power law scaling, velocity, direction, and flux. Our results suggest: (1) The tMSD analysis is able to capture vesicle motion alternating between passive and active states, and indicates that vesicle motion in Aplysia neurons is primarily passive (exhibiting active motion for ~8% of the time). (2) Under mechanical stretch (increased neurite tension), active transport of vesicles increases to ~13%, while vesicle velocity remains unchanged. (3) Upon unstretching (decreased tension), the level of active transport returns to normal but vesicle velocity decreases. These results suggest that vesicle transport in neurons is highly sensitive to mechanical stimulation. Our method allows precise characterization of vesicle dynamics in response to applied mechanical strain.
Exact solution of close-packed dimers on the kagomé lattice.

It is well known that exact enumerations of close-packed dimers can be carried out for two-dimensional lattices. While details of results are now known for most lattices, due to the unique nature of the lattice structure, there has been no complete analysis for the kagom\'e lattice. Here we derive the close-form expression $(1∕3)$ $\mathrm{ln}(4xyz)$ for the free energy of close-packed dimers on the kagom\'e lattice, where $x$, $y$, and $z$ are dimer weights. We use two different approaches: the Kasteleyn method of evaluating a Pfaffian and an alternative vertex model formulation. Both methods lead to the same final expression. The correlation function between two dimers at a distance equal or greater than two lattice spacings is found to vanish identically.
NMDA Receptor Antagonist MK-801 Selectively Impairs Learning of the Contiguity of the Conditioned Stimulus and Unconditioned Stimulus in Goldfish

Previous experiments have shown that administration of intracranial MK-801 blocks learning of classical fear conditioning in goldfish. The impairment of learning was decreased when fish received limited pretraining, suggesting that only the early phase of conditioning may be sensitive to disruption by MK-801. The present studies investigated the possibility that classical conditioning in goldfish consists of two successive phases and that only the initial phase depends critically on N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor function. A series of experiments showed that the anterograde amnestic effect of MK-801 is decreased or eliminated when fish received pretraining consisting of 6 or 12 conditioning trials, respectively. MK-801-sensitive learning is inferred to be completed within 12 trials. The neural mechanism of the learning which occurs during the later trials is manifestly insensitive of MK-801. Furthermore, MK-801 impaired learning when fish received pretraining consisting of six pseudoconditioning trials. The results indicate that MK-801-sensitive learning is associative or depends on the contiguity of the conditioned stimulus (CS) and unconditioned stimulus (US) and that MK-801 selectively impairs learning of the CS-US contiguity.
Low energy electron excited nanoscale luminescence spectroscopy of erbium doped AIN

We have investigated the optical activity of Er3+ ions in AlN via depth-resolved, (5 nm to 250 nm), low energy electron-excited nanoscale (LEEN) luminescence spectroscopy and compared it with the luminescence of an Er-free AlN film. For the Er-free film, there was no emission in the IR from the AlN at any depth, and at higher energies we measured only a broad, weak feature between 1.7–3.25 eV along with an O defect related feature at 3.8 eV, which is significantly enhanced toward the surface. We found strong emission in the AlN:Er films from the first excited → ground state transition of Er3+ at 0.80 eV along with many other excited state transitions, although the features are broad compared to those of GaN:Er. The AlN:Er luminescence saturates near a concentration of 1021 cm−3, at which point we also observe enhanced O defect related luminescence uniformly distributed throughout the film. This finding suggests a role for O in activating the Er at low Er concentrations, while inhibiting the Er activity at high O concentrations.
The fast diffusion of Au in Pb

A treatment of the phenomenon of fast diffusion in lead is presented. The model used is based upon the fast diffusion of free solute interstitials. The very large negative enhancement coefficients found in the Pb-(Au, Ag) systems is explained by the formation of first and second order clusters of vacancies and substitutional solute atoms.
The Career Advancement Prospects of Managers and Professionals: Are MIS Employees Unique?

The present study examined the career advancement prospects of MIS and non-MIS employees, as well as the relationships of career advancement prospects with job performance evaluations, job satisfaction, career satisfaction, and organizational commitment for MIS and non-MIS professionals and managers. Participants included 134 MIS professionals and managers and 397 non-MIS professionals and managers of a large communications company. The results provided no evidence that MIS employees experience more restricted career advancement prospects than non-MIS employees. In addition, job performance evaluations generally had positive effects on career advancement prospects; career advancement prospects had a number of positive effects on job satisfaction, career satisfaction, and organizational commitment; and job satisfaction and career satisfaction had positive effects on organizational commitment. These findings are related to prior research, suggestions for future research are offered, and implications for the management of MIS employees are identified.
Gaviscon Double Action Liquid (antacid & alginate) is more effective than antacid in controlling post-prandial oesophageal acid exposure in GERD patients: A double-blind crossover study

Summary Background Recent studies have shown that Gaviscon Double Action Liquid (a combination alginate-antacid) administered post-prandially co-localises with the acid pocket, the ‘reservoir’ for post-prandial acid reflux. Aim To compare the effectiveness of Gaviscon Double Action Liquid to an equivalent strength antacid without alginate in controlling post-prandial acid reflux in GERD patients. Methods Fourteen GERD patients undertook two 3.5-h high-resolution manometry/pH-impedance studies during which they ate a standardised meal. In a double-blinded randomised crossover design they then took Gaviscon or CVS brand antacid, each with ~18 mmol/L acid neutralising capacity. The primary outcome was distal oesophageal acid exposure; secondary outcomes were number of reflux events, proximal extent of reflux, nadir pH of the refluxate, mechanism of reflux and reflux symptoms scored with a validated instrument. Results Ten patients completed the study. Gaviscon studies had significantly less distal oesophageal acid exposure and greater nadir refluxate pH in the 30–150 min post-prandial period than antacid studies. There were no differences in the number of reflux events (acid or weakly acidic) or the number of proximal reflux events (15–17 cm above the LES) with either study medication. Conclusions Gaviscon Double Action Liquid is more effective than an antacid without alginate in controlling post-prandial oesophageal acid exposure. However, the number and spatial distribution of reflux events within the oesophagus are similar. This suggests that Gaviscon main effectiveness relates to its co-localisation with and displacement/neutralisation of the post-prandial acid pocket, rather than preventing reflux.
Weekly Changes in Basal Metabolic Rate with Eight Weeks of Overfeeding

Objective: The contribution of basal metabolic rate (BMR) to weight gain susceptibility has long been debated. We wanted to examine whether BMR changes in a linear fashion with overfeeding. Our hypothesis was that BMR does not increase linearly with 1000-kcal/d overfeeding in lean healthy subjects over 8 weeks. The null hypothesis states that BMR increases linearly with 1000-kcal/d overfeeding in lean healthy subjects. Research Methods and Procedures: Initially, 16 lean healthy sedentary subjects completed 2 weeks of weight maintenance feeding at the General Clinical Research Center. The subjects were then overfed by 1000 kcal/d over 8 weeks. BMR was measured under standard conditions each week using indirect calorimetry. Results: Baseline BMR was 1693 ± 154.5 kcal/d. BMR increased from 1711 ± 201.3 kcal/d at week 1 of overfeeding to 1781 ± 171.65 kcal/d at the second week of overfeeding (p = 0.05). BMR fell during the third week of overfeeding to 1729 ± 179.5 kcal/d (p = 0.05). After 5 weeks of overfeeding, BMR reached a plateau. Thereafter, there was no further change. Comparison of BMR with weeks of overfeeding was significantly different compared with the linear model (p < 0.05). Discussion: Increases in BMR in lean sedentary healthy subjects with 1000-kcal/d overfeeding are not linear over 8 weeks. There seems to be a short-term increase in BMR in the first 2 weeks of overfeeding that is not representative of longer-term changes.
Persistence of synchronization of the daily rhythms of body temperature and sleep‐wake in college students

Abstract Bedtime, risetime, and body temperature of college students exposed to a regular 24‐h life schedule were recorded for 22–25 consecutive days. Average bedtime was 1:37 am, average risetime was 8:53 am, and average temperature acrophase was 5:01 pm. There was no evidence of desynchronization of the body temperature and activity rhythms.
Effects of Exchange Rate Uncertainty on Mexican Foreign Trade

The behavior of current account balance and the value of the domestic currency has been a focal point of much policy discussion for a long time. Most of the OECD countries have experienced volatile exchange rates as well as current account deficits for most of the last two decades. Conventional wisdom holds that appreciation of domestic currency leads to increased trade deficit and vice versa. This paper examines the long run equilibrium relation between exchange rate risk and the volume of foreign trade in Mexico. Mexico is one of the countries in Latin America that has been moving towards a free market economy, featuring free trade as the main driving force behind its endeavor for economic development. So, it is of keen interest to examine how the exchange rate fluctuations and its uncertainty has influenced the economy during such institutional changes.
Oblique Incidence Scattering From Two Eccentric Cylinders

The analytical solution for the scattering of electromagnetic plane waves from an infinitely long homogeneous cylinder of arbitrary material, in an eccentric coating at oblique incidence, is presented. The solution is determined by solving the scalar wave equation in the cylindrical coordinates, for the various geometric regions and by applying the boundary conditions at the material interfaces. Furthermore, the translational addition theorem of Bessel functions is utilized for transferring the fields component between two cylindrical coordinate systems. Both polarizations of the incident plane wave (TM and TE with respect to the z -axis) are considered. The resulting solution consists of a system of eight coupled equations for the unknown expansion or scattering coefficients. Expressions for the extinction, scattering, and back scattering cross sections are presented. A numerical algorithm for the solution is developed, implemented, and tested for several limiting and special cases. Comparisons of the re...
Quantum lower bounds for the collision and the element distinctness problems

Given a function f as an oracle, the collision problem is to find two distinct indexes i and j such that f(i) = f(j), under the promise that such indexes exist. Since the security of many fundamental cryptographic primitives depends on the hardness of finding collisions, our lower bounds provide evidence for the existence of cryptographic primitives that are immune to quantum cryptanalysis. We prove that any quantum algorithm for finding a collision in an r-to-one function must evaluate the function Ω((n/r)1/3) times, where n is the size of the domain and r|n. This matches an upper bound of Brassard, Hoyer, and Tapp. No lower bound better than constant was previously known. Our result also implies a quantum lower bound of Ω(n2/3) queries for the element distinctness problem, which is to determine whether n integers are all distinct. The best previous lower bound was Ω(√n) queries.
MedTextus: an intelligent web-based medical meta-search system

We propose to demonstrate a web-based prototype system that integrates the meta-search approach with existing information analysis and visualization technologies to facilitate concept-based searching behavior over the medical domain. The system distinguishes itself from other meta-search engines through two features. It incorporates the co-occurrence analysis and existing ontology to understand user's query. It also utilizes the self-organizing map (SOM) to categorize and visualize search results.
Cardiac and startle responses to acoustic stimuli in the rat.

Electrocardiograms and behavioral startle were recorded on five rats while they were presented a random series of three acoustic stimulus configurations: (1) a 120-dB burst of random noise, (2) an 80-dB burst, and (3) an 80-dB burst followed 100 msec later by a 120-dB burst. Behavioral results revealed suppression of overt startle to the double-pulse configuration, confirming earlier reports. Heart rate results indicated a predominant acceleratory peak from 20 to 40 beats after all three stimulus configurations.
DEGRADATION OF CHELATING AND COMPLEXING AGENTS IN AN IRRADIATED, SIMULATED MIXED WASTE

A simulant of an actual mixed waste was prepared and used to study organic degradation in nuclear wastes. Citric acid, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) and N-(2-hydroxyethyl)ethylenediaminetriacetic acid (HEDTA) were added to an inorganic matrix, which contained no radionuclides. This simulated waste was then γ-irradiated in a60Co-source up to 100 hours. The organics degraded “exponentially” at first, before tapering off; 80% had disappeared by 100 hours. Numerous degradation products (27 in all), mainly complexor and chelator fragments, ranging from small to complex species, were identified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The waste's total organic content decreased with increasing radiation, indicating that radiolytic degradation is dispersive.
Neutrophil recruitment by macrophage migration inhibition factor and CXCL1 to the lung following staphylococcal stimulation is significantly elevated in advanced age

Mortality from sepsis is greater in the elderly than in the young although incidence only increases slightly. Pulmonary infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus, which progress into sepsis, are a major cause of death in elderly patients. Adiponectin, multifaceted adipokine with anti-inflammatory properties, is secreted primarily from adipose tissue. It is increasingly acknowledged that the tissue microenvironment changes with old age. With increasing age, ectopic fat accumulates, increasing the possibility of elevated levels of adipose-derived mediators in the older individual.
African American Males Relationships Among Racial Identity, College Type, and Wellness

A total of 203 African American male junior and senior college students participated in a study to determine the relationships among components of racial identity and wellness. Differences were found between students attending predominantly White institutions (PWIs) and historically Black colleges and universities (HBCUs) on internalization racial identity attitudes, physical self-wellness, and social self-wellness. No relationships were found between racial identity and wellness. Implications for counseling and research are discussed.
Long-term psychiatric and medical consequences of anabolic-androgenic steroid abuse: a looming public health concern?

Abstract Background The problem of anabolic–androgenic steroid (AAS) abuse has recently generated widespread public and media attention. Most AAS abusers, however, are not elite athletes like those portrayed in the media, and many are not competitive athletes at all. This larger but less visible population of ordinary AAS users began to emerge in about 1980. The senior members of this population are now entering middle age; they represent the leading wave of a new type of aging former substance abusers, with specific medical and psychiatric risks. Methods We reviewed the evolving literature on long-term psychiatric and medical consequences of AAS abuse. Results Long-term use of supraphysiologic doses of AAS may cause irreversible cardiovascular toxicity, especially atherosclerotic effects and cardiomyopathy. In other organ systems, evidence of persistent toxicity is more modest, and interestingly, there is little evidence for an increased risk of prostate cancer. High concentrations of AAS, comparable to those likely sustained by many AAS abusers, produce apoptotic effects on various cell types, including neuronal cells—raising the specter of possibly irreversible neuropsychiatric toxicity. Finally, AAS abuse appears to be associated with a range of potentially prolonged psychiatric effects, including dependence syndromes, mood syndromes, and progression to other forms of substance abuse. However, the prevalence and severity of these various effects remains poorly understood. Conclusions As the first large wave of former AAS users now moves into middle age, it will be important to obtain more systematic data on the long-term psychiatric and medical consequences of this form of substance abuse.
A mode of action for butylated hydroxytoluene-mediated photoprotection

Dietarily administered butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) has previously been shown to inhibit UV radiation induction of carcinogenesis, erythema, and ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity. Butylated hydroxytoluene feeding also resulted in significant increases in epidermal absorption and it was suggested that BHT's photoprotective properties might be attributable to a diminution of UV radiation dose reaching respective target sites. To explore this possibility, the contribution of stratum corneum to BHT's photoprotective action was examined. SKH-Hr-1 hairless mice were fed diets containing 0.5% (w/w) BHT for 2 weeks prior to experimentation. Control animals received the unsupplemented ration. Stratum corneum from both groups was isolated and spectral transmission recorded. Transmission, between 280-320 nm, was approximately 65% greater through stratum corneum obtained from control animals compared with that of BHT-treated animals. Further evidence of the biologic significance of this BHT effect upon stratum corneum absorption was obtained when stratum corneum was first removed by tape-stripping, the animals irradiated with 0.45 J/cm2 of UVB, and epidermal ODC activity determined. BHT provided the usual inhibition of ODC activity induction in nonstripped animals, but ODC activity induction in BHT -treated, tape-stripped animals was restored to levels that did not significantly differ from controls. The protective effect exhibited by the stratum corneum could not be attributed to BHT-induced alteration of physical dimension, as neither the thickness of stratum corneum nor the number of stratum corneum layers, as determined from measurement of NaOH-distended frozen sections, differed from controls. Although the mechanism remains obscure, these data support in diminished levels of UV radiation reaching potential epidermal target sites and delimits a large component of the photoprotective effect to the stratum corneum.
Die-level adaptive test: Real-time test reordering and elimination

This paper introduces an adaptive test method to dynamically control test flow and test contents with continuous per die updates of test fail rates. The method employs Bayesian statistics to model a separate fail rate for each test. Test reordering and elimination is based on statistics of these predicted fail rates and is naturally monitored by a wafer based reset. Wafer sort test response data for two 65nm integrated circuit products is used to demonstrate this method. Test time reductions of about 30% are achieved with quality levels within industry expectations.
Law of warfare at sea and neutrality: Lessons from the gulf war

Abstract Since the UN Security Council did not determine that an act of aggression was committed in the Iran‐Iraq War, the conflict must be treated as a war fought by belligerents enjoying equal status under international law. This article focuses on the applicability to the Gulf War of the rules of international law governing the conduct of hostilities at sea and the closely related law of neutrality. The belligerents in the Gulf War took advantage of uncertainties and gaps between the letter of the law and actual past practice. Indeed, they completely disregarded the rules of international humanitarian law in naval warfare. The war between Iran and Iraq also raised the issue of the duties of neutral states. A number of formally “neutral”; countries ignored the duty of impartiality. It is questionable whether a “nonbelligerent”; state has the right to assert the traditional rights of neutrality in relation to a belligerent against which it practices discrimination. The Gulf War demonstrates the need to r...
English Prosecutions: Twenty Years of Changing Institutions and Values

Twenty years ago England had a prosecutorial system founded upon traditional values. In 1986, a Crown Prosecution Service founded upon the values of modern rationalized bureaucracy will be introduced. In 1966, English prosecutions were overwhelmingly police conducted, often without legal assistance. By the mid-seventies, a majority of police forces had created ad hoc, non-statutory prosecuting solicitors departments. In 1986, a statutory professional prosecuting national bureaucratic service independent of the police will replace the traditional prosecutorial structures. This twenty-year change provides an excellent example of a Weberian movement from traditional to bureaucratic institutions and has enormous implications for further change in remaining traditionally based English criminal justice institutions.
Introducing Antibacterial Properties to Paper Towels Through the Use of Selenium Nanoparticles

Bacterial infections are commonly found on paper towels and other paper products leading to the potential spread of bacteria and consequent health concerns. The objective of this in vitro study was to introduce antibacterial properties to paper towel surfaces by coating them with selenium nanoparticles. Scanning electron microscopy was used to measure the size and distribution of the selenium coatings on the paper towels. Atomic force microscopy was used to measure the surface roughness of paper towels before and after coated with selenium nanoparticles. The amount of selenium precipitated on the paper towels was measured by atomic absorption spectroscopy. In vitro bacterial studies with Staphylococcus aureus were conducted to assess the effectiveness of the selenium coating at inhibiting bacterial growth. Results showed that the selenium nanoparticles coated on the paper towel surface were well distributed and semispherical about 50nm in diameter. Most importantly, the selenium nanoparticle coated paper towels inhibited S. aureus growth by 90% after 24 hours and 72 hours compared with the uncoated paper towels. Thus, the study showed that nano-selenium coated paper towels may lead to an increased eradication of bacteria to more effectively clean a wide-range of clinical environments, thus, improving health.
Current and Noise Properties of InAs Nanowire Transistors With Asymmetric Contacts Induced by Gate Overlap

Nanowire transistors are typically fabricated as geometrically symmetrical devices, with metal/semiconductor source and drain contacts rather than a graduated doping profile. While the source and drain contacts are nominally identical, contact asymmetry can arise when the gate contact is not centered over the nanowire, leaving uneven access regions with no gate coverage on one or both sides of the channel. Measuring the characteristics of devices with symmetric and asymmetric contact geometries allows contact effects to be studied. In this paper, indium arsenide nanowire transistors were fabricated with symmetric and asymmetric gate coverage. It is shown that devices with highly asymmetric gate coverage can exhibit a factor of 10 change in current and a shift in threshold of up to 0.5 V upon reversing the source-drain orientation. Devices with highly asymmetric properties show nearly identical channel-generated noise yet a significant difference in contact-generated noise levels when the contact orientation is reversed. Fully symmetric devices show higher current levels, lower threshold voltages, and lower contact-generated noise than asymmetric devices with either source or drain gated, but channel-generated noise levels are similar.
Genetic variation of alkaline lipolytic activity in rabbits.

Abstract Rabbit adipose tissue extracts have been shown to have a “fast” and a “slow” phenotype of alkaline lipolytic activity which have been attributed to two genotypes, FS and SS. the “fast” phenotype is similar to the alkaline lipolytic activity of human adipose tissue in its migration during starch gel electrophoresis and elution from Sephadex G-200. The “slow” phenotype contains less activity, is electrophoretically different, and exists mainly as a smaller molecule than that which comprises the “fast” phenotype. The genetics of this alteration are not yet understood. However, some rabbits appear to inherit a subunit which is altered in charge and thus in electrophoretic mobility. Associated with this alteration is a decrease in measurable activity and a decreased tendency to dimerize.
Energy Storage Analysis of a Fuel Cell Hybrid Vehicle with Constant Force Acceleration Profile

Batteries commonly cater to the power flows and load leveling in hybrid fuel cell vehicles especially during startup and acceleration. Power provided by the energy storage unit (ESU) need not be constant but can be variable according to the instantaneous power and energy requirement of the vehicle. This paper investigates the design methodology for a combined ultracapacitor and a battery ESU. The acceleration profile of a constant tractive force will be considered compared to constant power. The required masses of the storage elements with the various battery and ultracapacitor characteristics for both the constant force and constant torque cases are discussed.
Behavioral correlates of the Hyperactivity Factor of the Conners Teacher Questionnaire

The present study assesses whether ratings on the Conners Teacher Questionnaire, Hyperactivity Factor, corresponded to observed behavioral and attitudinal differences in hyperactive and nonhyperactive males. Boys in the present study were rated on the questionnaire and then observed in a free-play situation. The boys' scores on the Teacher Questionnaire were later compared with their activity level, judgments about their behavior, and interview questions about their experience in the study. Several of these measures were found to correlate significantly with the Teacher Questionnaire scores, suggesting that it successfully taps observable dimensions of hyperactivity in novel situations.
5-HT1A agonist potential of pindolol: electrophysiologic studies in the dorsal raphe nucleus and hippocampus

Abstract Background: The ability of pindolol to block 5-HT 1A autoreceptors on serotonin-containing neurons in the raphe nuclei is thought to underlie the clinical reports of enhanced efficacy and rate of improvement in depressed patients treated with pindolol/selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) combinations. Selectivity for somatodendritic 5-HT 1A autoreceptors is a crucial requirement, as blockade of postsynaptic 5-HT 1A sites may jeopardize the therapeutic response. Previous investigators have probed the effects of pindolol on serotonergic dorsal raphe cell firing in animal species; here we confirm their findings and extend them to include observations on postsynaptic 5-HT 1A receptors in the hippocampus. Methods: Extracellular single-unit recordings were made in rats using standard electrophysiologic techniques. Firing rates of serotonin-containing neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus and CA3 hippocampal pyramidal neurons were monitored and the effects of pindolol given alone or in combination with an SSRI (fluoxetine) or a 5-HT 1A antagonist (WAY-100,635) were determined. Results: Pindolol inhibited the firing rates of serotonergic dorsal raphe neurons in a dose-dependent manner. Recovery to baseline firing rates was gradual, but this inhibition could be acutely reversed by WAY-100,635. A range of pindolol doses failed to block the inhibitory effects of fluoxetine on dorsal raphe cell firing. In the hippocampus, pindolol also inhibited cell firing as a function of dose, although these effects were insensitive to WAY-100,635 treatment. Conclusions: The ability of pindolol to inhibit serotonergic dorsal raphe cell firing is indicative of its agonist potential and is consistent with previous studies. The lack of observable antagonism of the SSRI-induced slowing of raphe unit activity casts doubt on the suitability of this mechanism of action to account for the positive findings in clinical studies utilizing pindolol/SSRI combinations. The 5-HT 1A -independent inhibition of hippocampal CA3 cell firing by pindolol suggests that this compound invokes multiple pharmacologic actions, all of which need to be assimilated into any proposed mechanism of action.
Synchrony in egg-laying and reproductive success of neighboring common murres, Uria aalge

Common murres (Uria aalge) are highly colonial; pairs often breed at the highest possible densities, in bodily contact with neighbors. At Bluff, a colony in western Alaska, we tested for synchrony in egg laying at various spatial scales and found little evidence for higher synchrony, either within study plots of 15–195 pairs, or within subplots containing several pairs, than among plots in a 5-year study. Egg laying of neighbors generally was more synchronous than expected based on overall frequency distributions in laying dates, however. Breeding success was positively correlated with the number of breeding neighbors and the number of neighbors tending eggs or nestlings at the time of egg laying. Breeding success of pairs with neighbors was positively related to the breeding success of neighbors. Pairs that produced eggs synchronously with at least one neighboring pair had higher success than those that began breeding either before or after their neighbors. Most reproductive failures at Bluff are due to accidental egg loss and predation on eggs by common ravens, Corvus corax, soon after laying. By occupying space where a raven might otherwise land and defending their own eggs, active breeding neighbors locally reduce the probability of egg predation. Active breeding neighbors also are less likely to flush and accidentally dislodge nearby eggs when disturbed than are nonbreeders. Murres breeding synchronously with neighbors have the highest assurance of the presence of active breeding neighbors both at the time of egg laying and throughout their reproductive attempts. Groups of neighboring murres can be considered small “selfish herds,” demonstrating by-product mutualism through their continued presence and defense of their own eggs and nestlings. Despite the advantages of breeding synchronously with neighbors, early breeding may often be favored, however.
Pyogenic liver abscess and the emergence of Klebsiella as an etiology: a retrospective study.

Objectives Pyogenic liver abscess (PLA) is a significant, though uncommon, cause of morbidity in the United States. Recently, Klebsiella has emerged as an important cause of PLA. We analyzed the clinical course, microbiology, and treatment outcomes of patients discharged with PLA. In addition, we sought to examine the incidence of and risk factors for Klebsiella liver abscess (KLA).