cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Deregulated expression of an activated allele of human c-myc in transfected fibroblast cultures.

BL tumors characteristically exhibit chromosomal rearrangements involving the c-myc gene and one of the Ig loci. In these cells, the translocated myc allele is deregulated (or “activated”) in such a way that it is expressed constitutively. The normal allele, by contrast, is either transcriptionally silent or is expressed at very low levels (1). We are analyzing the mechanisms by which c-myc expression is altered in cells of the Ramos BL tumor. Genomic clones representing either a wild-type (germline) c-myc allele or the IgH-myc translocation locus (2) from Ramos tumor cells were cloned in the vector pSV2.gpt (3) (fig. 1). In parallel gene transfer experiments these constructs were transfected into the rat fibroblast cell line FR3T3. Stably transfected, clonal cell lines bearing intact human c-myc genes were assayed for their ablity to regulate expression of the introduced alleles in response to serum in density-arrested cultures. Modulation of c-myc activity by serum is characteristic of the normal gene in established fibroblast cell lines (4).
Low temperature heat capacity Study of Fe(PO3)3 and Fe2P2O7

Abstract The heat capacities of two iron phosphates, Fe(PO3)3 and Fe2P2O7, have been measured over the temperature range from (2 to 300) K using the heat capacity option of a Quantum Design Physical Property Measurement System (PPMS). A phase transition related to magnetic ordering has been found in the heat capacity at T = 8.76 K for Fe(PO3)3 and T = 18.96 K for Fe2P2O7, which are comparable with literature values from magnetic measurements. By fitting the experimental heat capacity values, the thermodynamic functions, magnetic heat capacities, and magnetic entropies have been determined. Additionally, theoretical fits at low temperatures suggest that Fe2P2O7 has an anisotropic antiferromagnetic contribution to the heat capacity and a large linear term likely caused by oxygen vacancies. Further data fitting in a series over widened temperature regions found that this linear term exists only below 15 K and disappears gradually from (15 to 17) K.
Quasi-TEM Analysis of Electromagnetic Parameters for Different Conducting Bodies

Accurate and efficient computation of electromagnetic parameters for different conducting bodies represents an essential part of spacecraft modern integrated circuits. In this paper, we will illustrate modeling of inhomogeneous shielded rectangular, circular, triangular, and cylindrical transmission lines using the finite element method (FEM). We specifically determine the capacitance per unit length, inductance per unit length, and characteristic impedance of shielded transmission lines. Also, excellent agreement with some results obtained previously using the analytical formulas and methods, the approximate method, and numerical method is demonstrated.
Exhibition and Evaluation of Two Schemes for Determining Hypersurface Curvature in Volumetric Data

Advancements in methodologies for determining 3-dimensional manifold (hypersurface) curvature in volumetric data are presented. Such determinations are requisite in certain shape-based visualization and analysis tasks. The methods explored here are convolution-based approaches. In addition to motivating and describing these methods, an evaluation of their (1) accuracy and (2) computational performance is also presented. That evaluation includes benchmarking on both noise-free and noisy volumetric data.
Spanish-Pueblo Interactions in New Mexico’s Seventeenth-Century Spanish Households: Negotiations of Knowledge and Power in Practice

Missions and indigenous villages are commonly investigated contexts for indigenous responses to Spanish colonialism in the American Southwest. In early colonial New Mexico, colonists’ households were also a venue for interaction and exchange of information between Pueblos and Spanish. Using the concept of hybridity, I explore seventeenth-century Spanish ranches in northern New Mexico for the interactions between Spanish colonists and Pueblo wives, servants, slaves, and laborers. The architecture, foodways, and artifacts, show an interplay between Pueblo and Spanish ways of making do suggesting that Pueblo peoples contributed in substantial ways to the nature of these households.
DeepManner: Automatically Determining Manner of Death

Medical examiners are trained medical professional who are responsible for determining cause and manner of death (natural, accident, suicide, homicide, and undetermined). Their jurisdiction includes unexpected, violent, and unexplained deaths. The final conclusions determined by the medical examiners can have significant consequences, therefore it is important every case is handled in a consistent and unbiased fashion. We will show how modern natural language processing techniques can be used to automatically determine the manner of death from the textual descriptions of injuries, demographic info, scene description, and the microscopy results found in autopsy reports.
Availability of Fertility Preservation Information on the Websites of U.S. News and World Report Top-Ranked Pediatric Cancer Programs.

Purpose: To evaluate the availability of fertility preservation (FP) services and educational resources on the websites of top-ranked U.S. pediatric cancer programs. Methods: Cross-sectional survey...
Time and class: How socioeconomic status shapes conceptions of the future self

People generally care about their future. However, how vividly they imagine it, and how much they like and value it, may vary across socioeconomic status (SES). If lower-SES individuals believe the...
Developmental Neurotoxicity of the Harmful Algal Bloom Toxin Domoic Acid: Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Altered Behavior in the Zebrafish Model

Background: Harmful algal blooms (HABs) produce potent neurotoxins that threaten human health, but current regulations may not be protective of sensitive populations. Early life exposure to low lev...
Field Strength Correlators for Two-Dimensional Yang–Mills Theories Over Riemann Surfaces

The path integral computation of field strength correlation functions for two-dimensional Yang–Mills theories over Riemann surfaces is studied. The calculation is carried out by Abelianization, which leads to correlators that are topological. They are nontrivial as a result of the topological obstructions to the Abelianization. It is shown in the large N limit on the sphere that the correlators undergo second order phase transitions at the critical point. Our results are applied to a computation of contractible Wilson loops.
Quality Improvement for Acute Trauma-Informed Suicide Prevention Care: Introduction to Special Issue

From 2003 to 2018, the rates of suicide among young people in the United States ages 12 to 17 doubled (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Web-based Injury Statistics Query and Reporting Sy...
TU-CD-303-00: In Memoriam of Warren Sinclair: Physics Applications for New Radiobiology

The Medical Physics and Radiation Protection communities lost one of their true pioneers in May, 2014 with the passing of Warren K. Sinclair, Ph.D. He received his Doctorate in Physics at the University of London, U.K. He was a fellow of the Institute of Physics and a Certified Health Physicist. After a number of posts at Hospitals and Universities in the U.K. and New Zealand, he became the Head, Physics Department at the M.D. Anderson Hospital, Houston, TX. He held a number of academic physics positions with the University of Texas, Austin at the main campus and at the Postgraduate School of Medicine, Houston. He later served as a Senior Biophysicist, Division Director, and then Associate Laboratory Director for Biomedical Division Director, and then Associate Laboratory Director for Biomedical and Environmental Research at the Argonne National Laboratory, IL. He had additional academic appointments at the University of California, Berkeley; Northern Illinois University; the University of Illinois (Chicago Circle Campus); and the University of Chicago. Warren was a charter member of the AAPM and a leader in many communities: President of the AAPM from 1960 to 1961 and the Journal Editor from 1964 to 1969, the 2nd President of the NCRP from 1977 to 1991, and the President of the Radiation Research Society from 1978 to 1979. His many awards included the William D. Coolidge Award in 1986. Even this barely scratches the surface of the many other organizations he served with and influenced including the ICRP, IOP, RSNA, SNM, and UNSCEAR. His research interests resulted in publications from 1948 to the 1990s in many aspects (physical and biological) of radiotherapy and the effects of ionizing radiation in general, leading to early definitions of RBE values for megavoltage radiotherapy as well as contributing to the development of the modern framework for radiation protection worldwide. Warren was not a retiring person and even after moving to NCRP President Emeritus status continued to provide advice and comments on publications and to mentor others until the time of his passing. Sadly, Warren’s long-time wife Joy passed away in December, 2014 but he is survived by his son Bruce and daughter Roslyn, 2 grandchildren and 4 great-grandchildren.
Molecular Mechanisms Regulating Behavior

This chapter outlines how the preclinical fields of molecular biology and neuroscience are converging to allow for meaningful answers relevant to the molecular foundations of psychiatry. Advances over the next decades will undoubtedly provide novel and powerful tools that advance the treatment, if not cure, of devastating psychiatric disorders that not that long ago were thought to be untreatable. This introduction will examine how molecules act at different organizational levels within the brain to influence behavior. Specifically, this chapter examines how both genetic and environmental influences can alter the molecular milieu of individual neurons, discrete neural circuits, and neuromodulation throughout the brain.
In vitro regulation of rat heart 5'-nucleotidase by adenine nucleotides and magnesium.

Abstract Adenosine diphosphate was found to be a powerful competitive inhibitor of 5'-nucleotidase partially purified from rat heart, with a greater apparent affinity for the enzyme than ATP. The inhibition imposed by either nucleotide was not relieved by a number of metabolic intermediates known to accumulate in the hypoxic heart. The enzyme required divalent cations for activity. Magnesium relieved the nucleotide-induced inhibition completely. This relief was in part caused by the formation of nucleotide-magnesium complexes which were less inhibitory. Further increases in magnesium could relieve the inhibition imposed by the complexes. It is proposed that the regulation of this enzyme in vivo may depend on the deinhibition by magnesium.
Deductive teaching from computer science foundations

Various problems concerning the teaching of informatics arise from the foundations of computer science. Difficulties in terminology, in lesson definition, in the introduction to topics are examples of substantial and they are not psychological or expressive problems. The foundations are officially acknowledged as an open problem and they give rise to incomplete and mnemomic computer science learning. They do not allow the student to be aware of informatics themes. They subsequently inhibit programming, systems design, research and many other activities. This paper discusses the results of theoretical research on the foundations carried out at IBM. This facititates deductive teaching and improves students‘ preparation on the basic contents and on all the other themes of computer science. The early lessons of a high-school course are outlined. © 1998 IFIP, published by Chapman & Hall Ltd
Introduction to Case Study

This paper is the first of a series of three articles relating to a case study conducted at Fairfield University to assess aspects of the rapid introduction of Information Technology at the institution. This article deals with the nature of the problem faced by Fairfield University, the characteristics of the case methodology, and lays the foundation for the selection of this research technique for the current study. The paper begins with an Introduction section to familiarize the reader with the case organization. The following section on Case Methodology explores the history, and some of the applications of the technique. The section ends with specific research protocols for researchers. This article is available in The Qualitative Report: http://nsuworks.nova.edu/tqr/vol3/iss2/4 Introduction to Case Study by Winston Tellis The Qualitative Report, Volume 3, Number 2, July, 1997
Urban Forestry and the Eco-City: Today and Tomorrow

In 1990, the Chicago Academy of Sciences held a conference, Sustainable Cities: Preserving and Restoring Urban Biodiversity, which led to the publication of a book entitled The Ecological City (Platt et aI., 1994). This symposium differed from others on cities at that time by focusing principally on cities as habitats for biodiversity. The thrust of the symposium was that interactions between people and nonhuman biological entities in urban landscapes had not received much scientific attention and warranted increased ecological investigation. More than a decade later in Shanghai, the International Meeting on Urban Forestry and Eco-Cities conference explored the role of urban forestry in creating more environmentally sound cities that enhance people's quality of life. During the interval between these two symposia, urban ecology has rapidly developed as an ecological discipline exploring the myriad elements that comprise an urban landscape. No longer are urban ecologists trying to convince the ecological community that urban landscapes are important and productive subjects for research, trying to convince planners that ecological concepts need to be incorporated into urban design, or trying to convince environmental managers that a multiple scale approach is needed to manage ecological goods and services and to restore habitats. However, this symposium also revealed that implementation of these principles can be ' difficult for a variety of reasons, not the least of. which is that we still do not understand the nuances of the political and socioecological interactions that affect the structure and function of urban landscapes and how they can be influenced to improve environmental conditions citywide (e.g., Perkins et aI., 2004). The reality is that if our cities are to move in the direction of becoming eco-cities, a greater awareness of the ecosystem services provided by a city's urban forest (its entire green infrastructure) must be fostered not only among practitioners and scientists, but also among political leaders and the public. More opportunities should be created to formally and informally educate the public on the roles that urban nature plays in reducing a city's resource and energy use, in improving air and water quality, in decreasing flooding, and in maintaining our physical and psychological well-being. Such education provides the foundation for change. Making cities more comfortable places for people to live by incorporating more of the -natural world into our daily lives, and by working with nature to prevent or
Neuronal microtubules, neurofilaments, and microfilaments.

Publisher Summary Interest in the structural proteins of neurons has increased in past years as a result of the convergence of three lines of investigation. First, with improved methods of fixation, microtubules and neurofilaments have been described as constant components of nerve cells and thus neuronal organelles. Such recognition has led to their isolation and partial chemical characterization. Second, both microtubules and neurofilaments have been implicated in the nonrandom movement of substances within the cytoplasm, a process termed “axoplasmic flow.” Now it is clear that this directed circulation of cytoplasm occurs not only in axons but also in the cell body and dendrites. Third, disorders of these proteins lead to the pathological condition known as “neurofibrillary degeneration,” which occurs in aging. This chapter considers the normal distribution, configuration, structure, and the composition of microtubules and neurofilaments and the relation between their distribution, function, and pathology. The identification of these images as axons, dendrites, cell bodies, or synapses depends on the distribution of organelles in the structure. Practically, the microscopist learns to identify profiles from their overall size and shape. Thus, a dendrite is usually larger than its neighboring, unmyelinated axon.
Death certificates are not reliable: revivification of the autopsy.

Background Medicine assumes that vital statistics are accurate, but they are only as good as the death certificates. Objective To evaluate the accuracy of death certificates in reporting vital statistics with an emphasis on cardiac deaths. Design A population-based retrospective study within one community hospital. Patients During the study period, 1,619 patients expired during hospitalization, of which 223 underwent autopsy. Interventions Clinical diagnoses were determined from the death certificate and autopsy results from the final pathology reports. Measurements Concordance of myocardial infarction as the underlying cause of death between the death certificate and the autopsy was measured. New diagnoses uncovered by the autopsy were tabulated. Results The death certificate missed acute myocardial infarction in 25 of 52 autopsy-proven cases (48% errors of omission). Conversely, it erroneously asserted the presence of an acute myocardial infarction in 9/36 cases (25% errors of commission). Autopsy showed these nine cases actually were pneumonia (5), sepsis with ARDS (2), cerebral hemorrhage (1), and cardiac tamponade (1). Autopsy proved 52 myocardial infarctions causing death, while death certificates accurately reported only 27. Myocardial infarction was more likely to be unsuspected in extreme ages, in women, when found in right ventricle or posterior wall, and in the presence of sepsis or ARDS. Death certificates were frequently inaccurate and in 21.5% of cases were of no value because of an inadequate diagnosis, ie, cardiopulmonary arrest, arrhythmia or respiratory failure. Conclusion Major discrepancies of commission and omission occur frequently between the death certificate and autopsy. 1) Death certificates are often wrong. 2) The time-honored autopsy is more valuable than ever. 3) Physicians need to write better death certificates and correct them. 4) Death certificate-based vital statistics should be corrected with autopsy results. 5) Vital statistics should note deaths confirmed by autopsy. 6) More autopsies would improve vital statistics and the practice of medicine.
Molecular cloning of an import precursor of the δ-subunit of the human mitochondrial ATP synthase complex

Two types of cDNA clones encoding a precursor of the delta-subunit of the human mitochondrial F0F1 ATP synthase complex (EC 3.6.1.34) have been isolated from a human cDNA library. Both clones contain a 504 basepair open reading frame that encodes a polypeptide with a presequence 22 amino acids in length and a mature protein 146 residues in length. The difference between the two types of cDNA clones is the presence of a 296 basepair insert in the 3' untranslated region of the delta-subunit cDNA in one of the types.
Intracellular protein tyrosine phosphorylation of adherent human macrophages on adsorbed fibronectin.

Abstract Fibronectin (FN) was pre-adsorbed onto physicochemically distinct substrates: polyethyleneglycol-based networks or tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS). The role of these substrates in modulating FN-mediated intracellular protein tyrosine phosphorylation and cell adhesion was analyzed with human primary blood derived macrophages. Although macrophage adhesion on both FN-pre-adsorbed TCPS and networks was similarly dependent on protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) and protein serine/threonine kinase (PSK), the compensation between PTK and PSK, and the involvement of signaling molecules (such as protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms) were distinct between the substrates. The pattern and the extent of tyrosine phosphorylation of several proteins (i.e. ∼70, ∼44, ∼30 kDa) were differentially regulated by PKCs. FN-derived peptides were employed to probe this material-dependency in macrophage adhesion and tyrosine phosphorylation. The PHSRN domain in the peptide sequence was predominant in mediating this substrate-dependent FN signaling event. We conclude that the tyrosine phosphorylation and the cross talk between PTK and PSK are modulated by FN and the substrate onto which the protein is adsorbed.
X-Ray or γ-Ray leukemogenesis in mouse

Abstract A theoretical model is given for leukemogenesis in mouse by X-Ray or γ-Ray. The first step is a double strand break in the viral part of the genome which leads to constitutive production of the viral protein responsible for transformation by derepression of its operator control region. The second step is binding of viral protein to the regulator gene of a two repressor system in which binding to the regulator gene of the first repressor leads to synthesis of the second which will repress the expression of the leukocyte maturation gene. Results are compared with the experimental results of Major and Mole on CBA mice. The agreement is good.
Hazards to people and aircraft from flight test debris generated at high altitudes

One of the most important aspects of preparing for a rocket-boosted flight test is conducting a mission hazards analysis to quantify the risks associated with the test. These results must be presented to the organization holding the flight safety responsibility for the test and must be of sufficient quantitative detail and thoroughness to show that the test can be conducted within the specified safety guidelines. One of the steps in the flight safety analysis methodology is the generation of statistical debris density data, which is then combined with demographic data to yield an upper bound on the casualty expectation. The most conservative approach to managing the hazards associated with flight-test debris is to contain all debris within a controlled area and keep all nonessential personnel out of that area. However, for many tests this approach is much too conservative. A more realistic approach, especially when large numbers of small fragments are generated, is to reduce the size of the hazard area by discarding those debris fragments that are non-hazardous. The quantification of the boundary between hazardous and non-hazardous debris fragments is the subject of this report. Two hazards of flight-test debris are address here: hazards to people exposed on themore » ground and hazards to aircraft in flight. A survey was conducted of the literature and of experts in the field of debris effects. The survey results are presented here and recommendations made regarding the minimum energy levels and minimum particle size that need be considered in a flight safety analysis.« less
Out on a Limb: Investigating the Anatomy of Tree Limbs

The author presents several upper elementary science activities involving tree limbs that were collected after severe weather conditions. The activities involved 3rd-grade students arranging tree limb pieces in the correct order from the trunk to the tip of the limb, measuring the pieces, determining the age of a tree limb by its rings, identifying factors that affect the number and size of the rings, and drawing specific parts of tree limbs as an assessment.
Outcome of patients with nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy and unexplained syncope treated with an implantable defibrillator

Abstract OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to determine the outcome of patients with nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy, unexplained syncope and a negative electrophysiology test who are treated with an implantable defibrillator. BACKGROUND Patients with nonischemic cardiomyopathy and unexplained syncope may be at high risk for sudden cardiac death, and they are sometimes treated with an implantable defibrillator. METHODS This study prospectively determined the outcome of 14 consecutive patients who had a nonischemic cardiomyopathy, unexplained syncope and a negative electrophysiology test and who underwent defibrillator implantation (Syncope Group). Nineteen consecutive patients with a nonischemic cardiomyopathy and a cardiac arrest who were treated with a defibrillator (Arrest Group) served as a control group. RESULTS Seven of 14 patients (50%) in the Syncope Group received appropriate shocks for ventricular arrhythmias during a mean follow-up of 24 ± 13 months, compared with 8 of 19 patients (42%) in the Arrest Group during a mean follow-up of 45 ± 40 months (p = 0.1). The mean duration from device implantation until the first appropriate shock was 32 ± 7 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 18 to 45 months) in the Syncope Group compared to 72 ± 12 months (95% CI, 48 to 96 months) in the Arrest Group (p = 0.1). Among patients who received appropriate shocks, the mean time from defibrillator implantation to the first appropriate shock was 10 ± 14 months in the Syncope Group, compared with 48 ± 47 months in the Arrest Group (p = 0.06). Recurrent syncope was always associated with ventricular tachyarrhythmias. CONCLUSIONS The high incidence of appropriate defibrillator shocks and the association of recurrent syncope with ventricular arrhythmias support the treatment of patients with nonischemic cardiomyopathy, unexplained syncope and a negative electrophysiology test with an implantable defibrillator.
Theory of mind, attention, and executive function in kindergarten boys

The present study explored the relationship between theory of mind (ToM), attention, and executive function in 66 kindergarten boys drawn from four rural school districts. Three stories designed to test understanding of first and second order mental states were administered. Executive function and attention were assessed, respectively, by scores on the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF) and the Behavior Assessment Scales for Children, Second Edition (BASC-2). Analyses indicated that children identified by teachers as evidencing attention difficulties scored lower on false belief measures and were more likely to be identified as exhibiting behavioral difficulties associated with executive dysfunction than children identified as evidencing fewer attention difficulties. Attention and executive function were predictive of total ToM scores.
SELECTIVE REDUCTION OF ACTIVE METAL CHLORIDES FROM MOLTEN LiCl-KCl USING LITHIUM DRAWDOWN

In support of optimizing electrorefining technology for treating spent nuclear fuel, lithium drawdown has been investigated for separating actinides from molten salt electrolyte. Drawdown reaction selectivity is a major issue that requires investigation, since the goal is to remove actinides while leaving the fission products and other components in the salt. A series of lithium drawdown tests with surrogate fission product chlorides was run to obtain selectivity data with non-radioactive salts, develop a predictive model, and draw conclusions about the viability of using this process with actinide-loaded salt. Results of tests with CsCl, LaCl3, CeCl3, and NdCl3 are reported here. Equilibrium was typically achieved in less than 10 hours of contact between lithium metal and molten salt under well-stirred conditions. Maintaining low oxygen and water impurity concentrations (<10 ppm) in the atmosphere was observed to be critical to minimize side reactions and maintain stable salt compositions. An equilibrium model has been formulated and fit to the experimental data. Good fits to the data were achieved. Based on analysis and results obtained to date, it is concluded that clean separation between minor actinides and lanthanides will be difficult to achieve using lithium drawdown.
What’s Fair? Public and Private Delivery of Project Feedback

Perceptions of justice are an important consideration for organizations as past research has shown that when employees feel they are treated fairly, positive outcomes result and negative outcomes c...
Renewal processes on partially ordered sets

Let G = (V, ≥) be a partially ordered set such that V is countable, there exists a minimum element a ∈ V, and {u ∈ V : u ≥ v} is finite for each v ∈ V. Suppose that {Xv : v ≠ a} is a collection of independent, identically distributed, nonnegative random variables. We think of Xv as the time required to perform a job associated with v, but the job at v cannot begin until all jobs at u ≥ v are finished. The natural random variables associated with this model are the time when all jobs in a given subset of V are completed, and the set of completed jobs at a given time. These variables are studied in terms of the structure of G, and several stochastic comparison results are obtained. The common model for sequential broadcasting in trees is a special case, and in this context, we study the broadcast center of a tree.
Written representation of topics and the production of query terms

The set of different terms used to search a directory for information on a given topic varies considerably from one searcher to another. If the topic is represented by a written text, the characteristics of the text are among the variables which influence the formulation of search terms. The results of an experiment simulating a library catalog search indicated that a relation exists between the lexical content load of the text, used to define the search topic, and the number of query terms generated by a group of experimental subjects (college students). No connection was found between the content load of the text and the commonality of query term choices. Some of the properties of “popular” as opposed to “unique,” query terms were examined. Only short terms enjoyed a high level of popularity. The repeated appearance of a term in the text favored the selection of that term by a large number of searchers.
Cable-Stayed Bridges: Case Study for Ambient Vibration-Based Cable Tension Estimation

A cable-stayed bridge recently constructed by the Ohio Department of Transportation incorporates measures put forth by a Federal Highway Administration study to mitigate stay motion. In following recent trends, the stays at this bridge are built without the use of grout for the purposes of inspection and, if necessary, replacement. Several experiments were performed to determine the viability of using traditional vibration techniques, which assume an integral sheath, to estimate cable tension with this new configuration.
The relationship between food insecurity and obesity in rural childbearing women.

ABSTRACT: Context:While food insecurity and obesity have been shown to be positively associated in women, little is known about the direction of the causal relationship between these 2 constructs. Purpose: To clarify the direction of the causal relationship between food insecurity and obesity. Methods: Chi-square and logistic regression analysis of data from a cohort of 622 healthy childbearing women living in a 10-county rural area of upstate New York and followed from early pregnancy until 2 years postpartum. Findings: Obesity in early pregnancy was associated with increased risk of food insecurity at 2 years postpartum. Initial food insecurity was not associated with increased risk of obesity at 2 years postpartum. Women who were both obese and food insecure in early pregnancy were at greatest risk of major weight gain over the pregnancy and postpartum period. Conclusions: Obesity appears to lead to food insecurity rather than the converse. Obesity combined with food insecurity present the greatest risk for major weight gain in this sample of childbearing women.
Effects of ultraviolet light on thymidine incorporation and DNA chain elongation in photoreactivable insect cells

An insect cell line, IAL-PID2, was exposed to UV and analyzed for its ability to incorporate [3H]-thymidine and to elongate replicon-sized DNA fragments. After exposure to 5 or 10 J/m2 UV, the cells exhibited a rapid and prolonged depression in the rate of thymidine incorporation. Photoreactivation reduced this depression but did not entirely reverse it. For exposures of 5 J/m2 or above, full recovery did not occur until 18 h after exposure. The blockage of fork progression after UV exposure was fluence-dependent, with replication segments after exposure to 20 J/m2 being shorter than those observed after exposure to 10 J/m2. Immediately after exposure to either 10 or 20 J/m2, photoreactivation reversed blockage of fork progression, indicating that the (5-6) cyclobutyl pyrimidine dimer is responsible for blockage. This also indicates that blockage of fork progression may not be the only factor responsible for the prolonged depression seen in thymidine incorporation. Three hours after exposure to either 10 or 20 J/m2, replication segments were still significantly shorter than control segments. Photoreactivation completely reversed blockage after exposure to 10 J/m2, but did not completely reverse blockage after exposure to 20 J/m2, indicating that at such fluences, other lesions may play a role in UV-induced blockage of fork progression.
Coupling between the in-plane and lateral tape dynamics in high capacity linear tape transport systems

Abstract Lateral tape motion (LTM) is defined as the lateral deviation of the tape from its prescribed strain-free state path. The effects of tape, roller, guide or reel imperfections on the LTM are reasonably well understood. Yet, the effects of disturbances in the longitudinal (in-plane) direction, which can couple into LTM, have not been well described. Longitudinal tape vibrations can be due to, but not limited to a) tension dynamics due to servo control of the tape reels, and/or tension impulses due to the unwinding of tape layers that experience sticking. The problem is further complicated due to the uncertainty of the tape length on the downstream side, as a result of the “floating layers” in the take-up reel. In this work, the equations of motion of the longitudinal and lateral tape motion are derived from first principles. The coupling due to non-linear longitudinal strain is considered. The equations of motion are solved by using the finite element method, and an explicit time integration algorithm. The entire tape path is modeled directly, where the interaction of the tape with the recording head and the guides are represented as concentrated forces, and moments. The effects of disturbances, typical for a tape transport system, on the coupling or lack there off are investigated.
A Comparative Analysis of Chinese and Japanese Company and Brand Icons

The current study evaluates company and brand icons and investigates their similarities and differences across two cultures: Chinese and Japanese. A systematic analysis of icons was conducted using the normative criteria for effective brand mark design found in the marketing literature. Results show that compared with Japanese icons, Chinese icons are more likely to contain letter marks, have pictorial elements representative of benefits, have conceptual similarity with the company/brand name, be balanced, be more complex, and be less likely to be abstract.
Perbrominated closo-dodecacarborane anion, 1-HCB11Br11-, as an ion exchanger in cation-selective chemical sensors

The 2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12-undecabromocarborane anion, 1-HCB11Br11- (UBC-) has been evaluated for its suitability as an ion exchanger in solvent polymeric membrane electrodes and bulk optodes. Experiments comparing the chemical stability of the perhalogenated carborane anion to that of the best lipophilic tetraphenylborate, 3,5-[bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]borate (TFPB-), demonstrated that in the presence of 0.2 M acetic acid TFPB- was completely lost within 6 h, while the concentration of UBC- decreased by less than 10% in the same time period. Thin-film bulk optodes containing BME-44 as potassium-selective ionophore, ETH 5294 as chromoionophore, and UBC- as ionic sites exhibited a K+ response similar to analogous optodes containing TFPB-, with comparable selectivities over Na+ and Ca2+. Potentiometric measurements evaluating the selectivity behavior of UBC- in both ionophore-free and ionophore-containing electrodes were performed. Ionophore-free PVC membranes containing UBC- as ion exchanger and either...
Glucose-induced ion secretion in rat jejunum: a mucosal reflex that requires integration by the myenteric plexus.

Abstract We tested the hypothesis that the mucosa of rat jejunum is stimulated by intraluminal d -glucose, resulting in nerve-mediated ion secretion. We examined the d -glucose-induced secretory response in two ways. First, we measured the unidirectional fluxes of sodium and chloride ions, in vivo, during perfusion of segments of jejunum with solution that contained either d -glucose or mannitol. Second, we measured the net rate of absorption of d -glucose from sodium-free solution; this parameter is related to the rate of sodium ion secretion. We used the above two approaches in conjunction with techniques for destroying specific subsets of the intestinal nerves. Thus, we evaluated the subset of intestinal nerves that integrates the secretory response of the mucosa to d -glucose. Jejunal segments perfused with d -glucose solution exhibited significantly greater rates of sodium and chloride ion secretion than did segments perfused with mannitol. Intestinal segments in which the myenteric nerve plexus had been destroyed exhibited a significantly lower rate of sodium ion secretion in the presence of d -glucose than was seen in fully innervated segments. A role for the myenteric nerves in d -glucose-induced ion secretion was also indicated by experiments that involved absorption of d -glucose from sodium-free solution. It was concluded that exposure of the mucosa of rat jejunum to glucose increases the rate of secretion of both sodium and chloride ions. The myenteric nerve plexus is apparently involved in the integration of this mucosal reflex.
Coupling of glucose response element from L-type pyruvate kinase and G6Pase promoter enhances glucose responsive activity in hepatoma cells

Type 1 diabetes results from the autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β-cells, which leads to severe insulin deficiency. Insulin gene therapy provides an attractive approach to cure diabetes. The critical factor for insulin gene therapy in surrogate cells is to select an appropriate site for insulin expression and a tissue-specific promoter that is responsive to both physiological glucose and insulin concentrations. A novel chimeric promoter, (GIRE)n-G6Pase, consisting of a 1.6 kb glucose 6-phosphatase (G6Pase) promoter and a segment of the regulatory element derived from the L-type pyruvate kinase (L-PK) promoter, was designed to provide strong and tight control of insulin expression in liver. One or three copies of GIRE were linked to the G6Pase promoter, which showed a stronger promoter activity than the G6Pase promoter alone. The chimeric promoter was inhibited by insulin in a dosage-dependent manner and activated by glucose, two features essential for glucose metabolism. The promoter activity is conserved between species and highly specific for liver cells. The construction of a chimeric promoter with stronger and more sensitive responsive activity to glucose and insulin in liver cells could further advance studies in insulin gene therapy.
Temporal covariation of soluble interleukin-2 receptor levels, daily stress, and disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis

Objective. To examine synchronous changes in soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) levels, daily indicators of emotional stress, joint inflammation, and reported pain in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods. Fourteen patients were studied on each of 6 occasions, 2 weeks apart. Measures included daily ratings of mood disturbance, undesirable events, and joint pain; clinical examination of joint swelling; and serum assays of sIL-2R. Pooled within-person correlations among these variables were calculated. Results. Consistent with the results of previous research, joint inflammation covaried directly with sIL-2R levels. Changes in mood disturbance were unrelated to changes in joint inflammation, but increases in mood disturbance were linked with decreases in sIL-2R levels and increases in reported joint pain. Conclusion. These findings provide preliminary evidence that psychoimmune processes may be implicated in short-term changes in RA disease activity.
The effects of exposure temperature on 2219 AlCu alloy surfaces immersed in natural seawater

Abstract Deposits which form on 2219 AlCu alloy surfaces during exposure to natural seawater as a function of temperature have been investigated by surface and thin film techniques. Formation of aluminium oxide is favoured at T = 30°C; salt at T = 60°C; magnesium oxide at T = 100°C. Smaller concentrations of other chlorides and sulfates are also observed. Effects due to X-ray sampling depth and electron-stimulated desorption complicate the identification of surface compounds.
Sex differences in amphetamine-elicited rotational behavior and the lateralization of striatal dopamine in rats

Sex differences are described in both a lateralized behavior (amphetamine-elicited rotation) and in the lateralization of striatal dopamine (DA) content. Amphetamine (AMPH) elicited significantly more partial turns, total rotations and lateralized (net) rotations in female, than in male rats. The two sexes also differed in their pattern of net rotations over time. In females, but not males, the striatum containing higher DA levels after amphetamine was consistently found to be contralateral to the dominant direction of rotation observed in the first 5 min interval after AMPH. No relationship was found between rotational behavior and medial frontal cortex DA or norepinephrine. The results are discussed in reference to cerebral lateralization in humans, and to possible sex differences in the modulatory effects of gonadal steroid hormones on striatal function.
Presence of a spermatogenic-specific promoter in the rat growth hormone-releasing hormone gene

A GH-releasing hormone (GHRH) messenger RNA (mRNA) has been identified in hypothalamus, placenta, and testicular germ cells. The GHRH mRNA produced by spermatogenic cells is approximately 1700 nucleotides in length, whereas GHRH transcripts in hypothalamus and placenta are 750 nucleotides. To correlate the structure of testicular GHRH mRNA with cell type-specific expression, we determined its sequence. A GHRH clone isolated from a rat testicular complementary DNA library was found to be identical in the coding sequence to hypothalamic GHRH. Rapid amplification of complementary DNA ends analysis of the 5'-end of germ cell GHRH mRNA and comparison with the genomic sequence revealed that GHRH transcription in testis initiates approximately 700 basepairs 5' to transcription initiation in placenta and 10.7 kilobasepairs 5' to that in hypothalamus. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis of germ cell RNA using primers from testicular exons 1 and 4 demonstrated that part of the placental exon 1 ...
Flow Distribution on the Tube Side of a High Temperature Heat Exchanger and Chemical Decomposer

Numerical simulations of a high temperature shell and tube heat exchanger and chemical decomposer (thereafter — heat exchanger) with straight tube configuration have been performed using Fluent 6.2.16 code to examine flow distribution on the tube side. The heat exchanger can be a part of sulfur iodine thermochemical water splitting cycle which is one of the most studied cycles for hydrogen production. Uniformity of the flow distribution in the heat exchanger is very critical because the flow maldistribution among the tube or shell sides can result in decreasing of chemical decomposition and increasing of pumping power. In the current study the flow rate uniformity in the heat exchanger tubes has been investigated. Simulations of the straight tube configuration, tube configuration with baffle plate arrangement and with pebble bed region inside the tubes were performed to examine flow distribution on the tube side. It was found the flow maldistribution along the tube direction is very serious with the simple tube configuration. An improvement of the header configuration has been done by introducing a baffle plate in to the header section. With the introduction of the baffle plate, there was a noticeable decrease in the flow maldistribution in the tubes. Uniformity of flow was also investigated with catalytic bed inside the tubes. A significant decrease in flow maldistribution was observed with this arrangement. But if the catalytic bed zone is created on the shell side, then the improved header configuration with a baffle plate is best suitable to avoid flow maldistribution.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
P-95: Fresnel Lenses in Rear Projection Displays

A plastic Fresnel lens positioned just before the diffusion screen in a projection system can provide significantly superior corner illumination, enhancing overall display luminance uniformity. Fresnel lenses are also used within the light engine to collimate light through the LCD panel and focus light through the projection lens. Disadvantages include the added cost of the lenses, ghosting, printout of the Fresnel rings and moire patterns. Birefringence is important to control in polarization-sensitive applications. Without reduction of ghosting artifacts, Fresnel lenses will have limited application in text-based RP systems. Ghosting is described in some detail including how it is caused, quantified and reduced. Efforts to reduce cost and birefringence will also be discussed.
Transport and optical properties of graphiteMF6 compounds prepared from nitronium salts

Abstract The action of nitronium salts NO 2 + X − (X − ≡ PF 6 − , SbF 6 − ) dissolved in dry nitromethane (CH 3 NO 2 ) with graphite leads to the formation of graphite salts of ideal composition C 23n + X − (CH 3 NO 2 ) 1.7 . Since these compounds possess high electrical conductivities, they were characterized by the following in situ measurements: metallic reflectance spectra, basal plane conductivity and its temperature dependence, and X-ray diffraction. The properties related to the above measurements present differences according as the compounds are more or less “charged”. Anomalies in resistivity versus temperature are ascribed in part to the freezing of solvent molecules.
Ultraviolet-Induced Grafting of Alkenes to TiO2 Surfaces: Controlling Multilayer Formation

Photochemical grafting of alkenes has emerged as a versatile way to form functionalized surfaces and enables multistep surface chemistry on a range of substrates. However, the self-terminating nature of the reaction remains poorly understood. Here, we use X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to explore multilayer formation during photochemical grafting of functional alkenes on single-crystal rutile (110) TiO2 surfaces. We demonstrate that simple alkenes such as 1-hexene stop at 1 monolayer, but alkenes with an additional alcohol group easily form multilayers. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and XPS studies show that the multilayers are highly conformal and that the alcohol groups remain chemically accessible even within multilayer films. Small amounts of water enhance multilayer formation by facilitating formation of •OH or other radical species that initiate oligomerization processes, while oxygen has little effect. We show that the multilayer formation can be reduced or eliminated by using small amounts...