cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A measure of family functioning and its application

Abstract Most systematic measures describing families deal with structural aspects of the family unit. In contrast, this paper describes a measure of family functioning, intended to assess the strength of relationships and life style taken as a whole. The content of the index, its reliability and validity are described, and several applications are discussed.
Partitioning tracer method for the in situ measurement of DNAPL saturation: influence of heterogeneity and sampling method

The purpose of this work was to examine the effect of porous-media heterogeneity, nonuniform distribution of dense nonaqueous phase liquid (DNAPL), and sampling method on the performance of the partitioning tracer method for measuring DNAPL saturation in water-saturated subsurface systems. Experiments were conducted in an intermediate-scale flow cell that contained two discrete zones of trichloroethene (TCE) at residual saturation. One zone (zone 2) consisted of ∼10% saturation formed in the same sand as used for the flow-cell matrix. The other zone (zone 1) consisted of ∼10% saturation in a finer sand emplaced within the coarser matrix. Aqueous samples were collected using depth-specific sampling, using vertically integrated sampling, and at the extraction well. A dual-energy γ radiation system was used to measure TCE saturation before and after the tracer experiment, allowing the measurements obtained from the tracer experiment to be compared to a previously tested method. The saturations estimated using the data collected at point-sampling ports located downgradient of zones 1 and 2 were approximately 7% and 50% of the true values, respectively. The saturations estimated using the data obtained from the vertically integrated ports were 0% and 6% of the true values, respectively. Finally, the saturation estimated using the extraction-well data was 30% of the cell-wide averaged value. These results indicate that the presence of porous-media heterogeneity and a variable distribution of DNAPL saturation can lead to reduced accuracy of the partitioning tracer test. The reduced performance can be improved, in part, by using depth-specific sampling.
Non-Invasive Measurement of Cerebral Autoregulation of Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients with Diffuse Correlation/Wave Spectroscopy

The development of diffuse correlation/wave spectroscopy for non-invasive measurement of blood flow allowed measurement of cerebral autoregulation in acute ischemic stroke by comparing infarcted and healthy hemispheres.
Usefulness of palynomorph concentrations in distinguishing Paleogene depositional environments in Wyoming (U.S.A.)

Abstract Canonical variates analysis of palynomorph taxon concentrations in 50 samples from five Paleogene depositional facies (pond, crevasse splay, swamp, swamp margin, distal floodplain) in the Bighorn Basin, Wyoming (U.S.A.) separates the samples by facies. The major separation is based on taxa with higher concentrations in the pond and swamp than in other facies (e.g., Deltoidospora, Sparganiaceaepollenites , Taxodiaceae, Alnus ). Other separations are produced by low concentrations of Arecipites, Pandaniidites and Ulmipollenites in the crevasse splay and by Taxodiaceae, Sparganiaceaepollenites and Corylus low in the floodplain. Concentrations of particular taxa can therefore be useful indicators of particular depositional environments.
CMUT based chem/bio sensors

A ubiquitous, compact, low cost, and high sensitivity and selectivity sensor capable of analyzing chemical analytes in ambient air has potential applications in many areas: healthcare, food quality, liquid mixtures, and many others. More recently, such sensors are being discussed for integration with portable electronic devices like phones, tablets, computers, etc... Integrated in such systems, networks of sensors that communicate via wireless telecommunications can enable the monitoring of various analytes on national and international scales.
A framework for understanding fast-neutron induced defects in SiO 2 MOS structures

Neutron radiation damage in solids results from nuclear collisions and reactions that produce energetic recoil atoms. The recoiling atoms slow down in the host material through nuclear and electronic collisions. During a nuclear collision, energy is transferred to translatory motion of another atom, whereas during an electronic collision, energy is transferred to atomic electrons, leading to electronic excitation or ionization. Nuclear collisions may result in displacing additional host atoms from their lattice sites if the energy received by the host atom is greater than the displacement threshold energy. As neutrons pass through the thin thermally grown gate oxide of a MOSFET device, they produce both silicon and oxygen primary knock-on atoms (PKAs). These PKAs can produce significant displacement damage regions in the bulk oxide which become potential hole traps or mobile ionic charge traps similar to the condition at the SiO2/Si interface. It is also suspected that these PKAs may deposit part of their energies into plasmons, which will eventually decay to electron-hole pairs causing charge buildup at the interface, when the MOSFET device is in operation. Since the gate oxide region is susceptible to electronic effects, it is important to know the amount of damage from individual neutron interactions in the oxide layer. A key to a theoretical study is provided in this paper. Analytical and direct-simulation estimates are made of the neutron damage.
Robust late fusion with rank minimization

In this paper, we propose a rank minimization method to fuse the predicted confidence scores of multiple models, each of which is obtained based on a certain kind of feature. Specifically, we convert each confidence score vector obtained from one model into a pairwise relationship matrix, in which each entry characterizes the comparative relationship of scores of two test samples. Our hypothesis is that the relative score relations are consistent among component models up to certain sparse deviations, despite the large variations that may exist in the absolute values of the raw scores. Then we formulate the score fusion problem as seeking a shared rank-2 pairwise relationship matrix based on which each original score matrix from individual model can be decomposed into the common rank-2 matrix and sparse deviation errors. A robust score vector is then extracted to fit the recovered low rank score relation matrix. We formulate the problem as a nuclear norm and l 1 norm optimization objective function and employ the Augmented Lagrange Multiplier (ALM) method for the optimization. Our method is isotonic (i.e., scale invariant) to the numeric scales of the scores originated from different models. We experimentally show that the proposed method achieves significant performance gains on various tasks including object categorization and video event detection.
Immunogenicity of Vi capsular polysaccharide vaccine evaluated for three years in Korea

The immunogenicity of a single dose of Salmonella typhi(S.typhi) Vi capsular polysaccharide(CPS) vaccine was evaluated before, and at 1, 3, 12, and 36 months after vaccination. Eighty-five adults(20-28 years of age) and sixty-four children(8-16 years of age) received a single dose of 25 micrograms Vi CPS vaccine intramuscularly, and antibody titers to Vi CPS were measured by passive hemagglutination. Of 149 vaccinees, 138(92.6%) showed seroconversion at 1 month after vaccination, and then 138 out of 141(97.9%) did at 3 months. Of 137 vaccinees, 116(84.7%) maintained a persistent rise in Vi antibody titer 12 months after vaccination, and 55 out of 100(55.0%) had a 4-fold or greater rise at 36 months. No significant adverse reactions were observed. Booster injection may be needed 3-5 years after vaccination.
Time-domain violation of the optical Bloch equations for solids.

Recent studies of the failure of the optical Bloch equations (OBE) in describing optical saturation in a solid are extended to test another aspect of the OBE, namely the time dependence of free-induction decay (FID) predicted by the SWB theorem on optical transients [Schenzle, Wong, and Brewer, Phys. Rev. A 22, 635 (1980)]. This theorem states that, following an arbitrarily shaped excitation pulse of length T, the FID will vanish at time T following the end of the excitation pulse. Experiments with ruby violate SWB in that FID decay at least twice as long as the excitation pulse is observed. Numerical and analytical calculations using a Gauss-Markov model for the modified OBE show an extended FID decay, however, the theoretical decay shape does not agree with experiment. Thus as with earlier studies on saturation broadening, we find that the modified OBE provides only a qualitative description of radiation-atom interaction in a solid.
Some Diachronic Implications of Fluid Speech Communities

A S LINGUISTICS on the American scene is passing, at this very moment, through one of its most violent convulsions, there is every reason to expect that the long-endangered balance between the static and the dynamic approaches to language will in the end be restored. In their quest for a fairer hearing, students of evolutionary, especially of genetic, linguistics must remind themselves that, almost by definition, they have tended, to their own lasting detriment, to scatter their talents and energies on factual details devoid of broad implications. While the complexity of historical processes, by its nature, demands unremitting attention to minute intricacies, the recognition of major trends-mutually interwoven, hence, as a rule, difficult of strict isolation and direct inspection as they areseems no less imperative. There may be some point in drawing a line between, on the one hand, free-wheeling and adventurous glottodynamics, if we agree so to label the study of constants or even universals abstracted from concrete speech developments, and, on the other, straight historical linguistics, firmly tied to painstaking (if need be, downright pedestrian) philological inventories. Unavoidably, the former, if it is to be proffered in a persuasively realistic key, must feed on the accurate findings of the latter. The present considerations may seem and are, in fact, intended to be glottodynamic in essence and tone, but happen to rest on scrupulous sifting of diversified specimens of Romance material known for their comparative abundance and reliability.
Woe for the Working Classes

It is hard to find any evidence that tax increases reduce the work-effort of high-income earners, according to this economist. Meantime, traditional families in the lower-income half of our population have been faring badly for most of the past quarter century even without comparing them to the top fifth and especially to the top 5 percent who have done so well. The only good years the traditional family has had in the past twenty-five followed a tax increase in 1993. All those gains have been lost since the tax decrease in 2001.
Selection of Music Materials

The conscientious selection of music materials requires an understanding of the needs of the public being served at least as much as it requires subject competence on the part of the selector. Online and print resources are available to aid in the selection of music materials in all formats, the most important of which are books, scores, audio and video recordings. The usefulness of such tools is evaluated, distinguishing, where appropriate, between tools identifying core collections and those that aid in maintaining currency.
Violence, the State, and a Chinese Muslim Ritual Remembrance

This article discusses how contemporary Chinese Muslims in the city of Xi'an remember a massive conflict between Muslims and non-Muslims that devastated northwest China in the Tongzhi period (1862–74) of the Qing dynasty. Every year on the seventeenth day of the fifth lunar month, local Hui hold a series of mourning rituals for the Muslims who died at that time. They recount stories about these events during the ritual and in other settings. The author uses Bakhtin's concept of “social heteroglossia” to explore the discursive features of three accounts of the violence, arguing that Xi'an Hui memories of this past show the influence of state-sponsored ethnic policies, a religious model of Hui identity, and a less formally articulated collective sentiment (what Raymond Williams calls a “structure of feeling”) based on shared experience. The author discusses how these discourses are disseminated and which factors generate the “structure of feeling” that colors contemporary Muslim accounts of the Tongzhi period, and reflects on the consequences of Xi'an Hui internalization of the state's framework for ethnic identity.
Elastic Moduli of Refractory Spinels

Elastic moduli of spinel phases in the system Mg(Al, Cr, Fe)2O1 were determined from sonic analyses of porous, polycrystalline specimens prepared by hot-pressing. A special iterative least-squares technique (ILS) and standard curve-fitting techniques were used to obtain moduli at zero porosity by extrapolation. A minimal standard error of estimate was achieved in all cases by using an exponential form for the porosity dependence and the ILS technique. Moduli were checked for self-consistency. Extrapolated moduli for MgAl2O1 agreed well with respective moduli calculated from single-crystal elastic constants and Birch's law. Longitudinal and shear sound velocities decreased with increasing phase density in the solid-solution systems and systematics indicate that elastic moduli of arbitrary solid solutions can be estimated to lt; ± 10% from the phase density.
The Drazin inverse of a semilinear transformation and its matrix representation

ABSTRACT The Drazin inverse T” of a semilinear transformation T on @” is studied. A canonical form for the matrix As of Td is given, and some of its properties are derived. 1. INTRODUCTION If A is a square complex matrix, the Drazin [5] inverse Ad of A is the unique matrix solution to the equations Ap+‘X = At’, XAX = X, AX = XA for some p >, 0. The Drazin inverse has applications in the theory of finite Markov chains [4], the study of singular differential and difference equations [4], the investigation of CesaroNeumann iterations [7], cryptography [8-g], iterative methods in numerical analysis [14-151, quadratic dynamic program- ming [18], and others. It has also been used recently to show the equivalence of consimilarity and semiconsimihuity of complex matrices [2]. Given a square matrix A, there are actually two ways to proceed. We can uniquely induce a linear transformation A or on the other hand uniquely
Monte Carlo simulations in optical devices: some successes and some problems

We discuss the use of ensemble Monte Carlo techniques for the simulation of some opto-electronic devices. This approach has been reasonably successful for device simulation, and the Monte Carlo approach has worked very well for sub-picosecond time scales, but computational time becomes excessive for multi-picosecond simulations. Various nonlinear effects such as carrier-carrier scattering, non- equilibrium phonons, quantization in low-dimensional systems, and finite collision duration have all successfully been incorporated into the Monte Carlo method.
PULMONARY FUNCTION IN SHORT STATURE

We studied 18 children with short stature (sst) ages 7 to 19 years without lung diseases on 26 occasions. Four groups of sst, based on overall pulmonary function were identified. First, the primordial and genetic sst had pulmonary functions appropriate for their heights. Second, a case of constitutional sst, Noonan's syndrome, mixed gonadal dysgenesis and two cases each of mosaic Turner's and renal sst had increased static lung volumes (except in Noonan's, who had normal volumes), and moderate to marked increases in flow rates (PEF, MMEF, FEV1). Specific conductance, SGaw (normal 0.199±0.047) ranged from 0.225 (Noonan's) to 0.293 (constitutional). These findings suggest an exaggeration of nonisotropic patterns of alveolar and airway growth, altering the interdependence of mechanical forces in the lungs. Third, two cases of post-operative craniopharyngioma had decreased static lung volumes, flow rates and SGaw. In both cases DLCOsb values were lower than predicted. Fourth, four cases of idiopathic growth hormone deficiency had low static lung volumes and lower than predicted DLCOsb. The flow rates were within normal limits. Despite human growth hormone administration of 3 to 6 months' duration, there was no evidence of lung growth exceeding that of the height.
Soluble HLA antigens present in normal human serum.

HLA antigens have been detected in normal human serum by inhibition of monospecific HLA antisera in the complement-dependent cytotoxicity test. The antigens present in serum were the same as those found on the donor's lymphocytes. HLA-A9 was unique in that it was present in serum at inhibitory titers of 1:8 to 1:32 whereas the majority of A- and B-locus antigens were present at titers of 1:4 or less. Serum HLA-A9 antigens were found in the high density lipoprotein fraction with a molecular weight greater than 200,000. In the presence of detergent they have an apparent molecular weight of 86,000 which is reduced to 46,000 when treated with papain. These values are similar to those obtained for detergent-solubilized cellular HLA antigens.
Pollutant Loading Capacity for the Black River, Chehalis River System, Washington

ABSTRACT: The Black River, a tributary of the Chehalis River in western Washington State, has a history of widespread low dissolved oxygen (DO), anoxia in some locations, and fish kills. As part of a Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) study, environmental data were collected during two summer dry seasons and simulations were conducted with the WASP5 model to assess the effect of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), ammonia, and nutrient loads on DO in the Black River. DO levels were below the State water quality regulatory criterion of 8.0 mg/L in almost all locations during the study. The slow middle reach of the river showed stratified conditions, with anoxia in some of the deepest pools. Based on model simulations, DO was found to still fall below the 8.0 mg/L criterion in the entire mainstem under “natural” conditions, and eutrophication was identified as a potential problem in the middle reach. A TMDL was proposed for BOD and ammonia that would prevent significant degradation of DO in the Black River. To prevent eutrophic conditions in the Black River, a TMDL for total phosphorus was proposed that establishes a protective criterion of 0.05 mg/L for the middle river during the dry low-flow season.
Ecological Management of Agricultural Weeds

Preface 1. Weed management: a need for ecological approaches Matt Liebman 2. Weed life history: identifying vulnerabilities Charles L. Mohler 3. Knowledge, science and practice in ecological weed management: farmer-extensionist-scientist interactions Charles P. Staver 4. Mechanical management of weeds Charles L. Mohler 5. Weeds and the soil environment Matt Liebman and Charles L. Mohler 6. Enhancing the competitive ability of crops Charles L. Mohler 7. Crop diversification for weed management Matt Liebman and Charles P. Staver 8. Managing weeds with insects and pathogens Matt Liebman 9. Livestock grazing for weed management Charles P. Staver 10. Weed evolution and community structure Charles L. Mohler 11. Weed management: the broader context Charles L. Mohler, Matt Liebman and Charles P. Staver Taxonomic index Subject index.
Artificial prey as behavioral enrichment devices for felines

Abstract Three projects involving the use of artificial prey to enrich the environments of captive felines are described. The two earlier projects, briefly reviewed, were accomplished in relatively spacious environments housing tigers (Panthera tigris) and servals (Felis serval). They demonstrated that it was possible to generate species-appropriate behaviors, to improve evaluation of animals' physical well-being and to encourage safe exercise by using animated prey which the cats could directly “capture”. A recently completed project assessed the utility of running artificial prey through transparent tubes in more limited environments where it would not have been safe for the servals to leap long distances or to significant heights. Results of this procedure are presented in greater detail, and illustrate that even limited opportunities provided to felines in less than adequate environments are attractive to the animals. This recent serval project is being used to evaluate the ways in which behavioral enrichment procedures may be incorporated into plans for new feline exhibits in the San Francisco Zoo.
Physiological and histological changes in skeletal muscle following in vivo gene transfer by electroporation

Electroporation (EP) is used to transfect skeletal muscle fibers in vivo, but its effects on the structure and function of skeletal muscle tissue have not yet been documented in detail. We studied ...
Feeling a Door: to see if fire is on the other side

This paper considers door assemblies that separate a fire environment from a protected space. It analyzes three methods of “feeling a door” on the protected side that can assist in determining the existence of a direct fire threat on the other side. These methods are: 1) feeling the door surface to determine whether or not it is at an elevated temperature; 2) feeling, smelling and visual inspection of the door edges to determine possible smoke flows from an adjacent fire environment; and 3) feeling the door-knob to determine whether or not it is at an elevated temperature. It is determined that a practical and effective strategy can be developed which uses all three methods to establish the existence of a fire threat without direct exposure to the fire environment. Of all methods discussed, the most reliable single indicator involves touching the base of the door-knob.
The primary structure of rat ribosomal protein L21.

Abstract The covalent structure of rat ribosomal protein L21 was deduced from the sequence of nucleotides in a recombinant cDNA and confirmed from the NH 2 -terminal amino acid sequence of the protein. Ribosomal protein L21 contains 159 amino acids (the NH 2 -terminal methionine is removed after translation of the mRNA) and has a molecular weight of 18,322. Hybridization of the cDNA to digests of nuclear DNA suggests that there are 16–23 copies of the L21 gene. The mRNA for the protein is about 680 nucleotides in length.
Preparation and microstructure evolution of both freestanding and supported TiO2 thin films

Thin films of TiO2 were fabricated by spin-coating silicon wafers and cover glass with a titanium citrate complex precursor. The grain growth and phase development of both freestanding and supported films were studied using a combination of atomic force microscopy, x-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy. Freestanding films prepared at 400 °C possess only the anatase phase, while supported films treated under the same conditions formed a small amount of the rutile phase. After heat treatment at various temperatures, results indicated that porosity was introduced into the films when the grain size grew close to the film thickness. Grain growth studies show that the grain size of the freestanding film underwent a drastic increase during the transformation from anatase to rutile. The grain size of the supported films did not show an abrupt change upon heat treatment. The grain size of the freestanding films treated at 900 °C was approximately three times larger than that of the supported films.
Proinsulin Is Refractory to Protein Fibrillation TOPOLOGICAL PROTECTION OF A PRECURSOR PROTEIN FROM CROSS-β ASSEMBLY

Insulin is susceptible to fibrillation, a misfolding process leading to well ordered cross-β assembly. Protection from fibrillation in β cells is provided by sequestration of the susceptible monomer within zinc hexamers. We demonstrate that proinsulin is refractory to fibrillation under conditions that promote the rapid fibrillation of zinc-free insulin. Proinsulin fibrils, as probed by Raman microscopy, are nonetheless similar in structure to insulin fibrils. The connecting peptide, although not well ordered in native proinsulin, participates in a fibril-specific β-sheet. Native insulin and proinsulin exhibit similar free energies of unfolding as inferred from guanidine denaturation studies: relative amyloidogenicities are thus not correlated with global stability. Strikingly, the susceptibility of proinsulin to fibrillation is increased by scission of the connecting peptide at single sites. We thus propose that the connecting peptide constrains a large scale conformational change in the misfolded protein. A tethering mechanism is proposed based on a model of an insulin protofilament derived from electron-microscopic image reconstruction. The proposed relationship between cross-β assembly and protein topology is supported by studies of single-chain analogs (mini-proinsulin and insulin-like growth factor I) in which foreshortened connecting peptides further retard fibrillation. In addition to its classic function to facilitate disulfide pairing, the connecting peptide may protect β cells from toxic protein misfolding in the endoplasmic reticulum.
3-dimensional visualization of pose determination: application to SPECT imaging (Proceedings Only)

Pose determination of 3-D objects is a topic of active research, particularly in the are of medical imaging. The determination of the pose or orientation of a 3-D object in a 3-D dataset can be viewed as a two-fold problem: (1) the determination of the orientation of the object; and (2) the visualization of the object along with the determined orientation of the object. An attempt has been made to compute and visualize the orientation of left ventricle (LV) of the heart from SPECT data. A semi-automatic technique to first filter the acquired SPECT data and then compute the 3-D orientation of the LV is under development. Volume visualization techniques have been employed to better visualize and comprehend the structure and orientation of the LV.© (1992) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Regulation of immunity at tissue sites of inflammation.

The acquisition and execution of CD4 effector function are tightly regulated and spatially compartmentalized. In the lymph node (LN), naive CD4+ T cells acquire specialized functions by means of expression of distinct cytokines and acquire distinct homing properties. Therefore, both the function and subsequent localization of effector cells appears to be predetermined during differentiation in the LN. Our studies with the protozoa Leishmania major suggest that this centrally (LN) generated effector repertoire can be further edited at the infected tissue site. Cytokine production in the inflamed tissue can be modulated at a number of levels including chemokine-driven differential recruitment of effector cells, the provision of signals for effector cell function and suppression by regulatory T cells (Tregs). The concept that tissue resident pathogens may subvert the centrally generated cytokine repertoire has important therapeutic implications. Novel therapies that focus on manipulating the local infection site to encourage appropriate recruitment or activation of effectors may be particularly beneficial.
Good and Bad Times for Treating Cigarette Smoking in Drug Treatment

Most substance abuse treatment facilities do not routinely treat cigarette smoking even though most of their clients smoke and many will die from tobacco-related illness. This study is a secondary analysis of a national survey of the prevalence and type of tobacco treatment services available in methadone maintenance treatment. It presents qualitative and quantitative information on provider attitudes regarding tobacco treatment in drug treatment. One clinic leader (either a medical director, head nurse, or clinic director) from all 697 U.S. facilities was invited to participate in the study. Most (38%) clinic leaders thought the best time to treat patients for nicotine dependence was whenever the patient wanted treatment. One in four clinic leaders reported they or one of their staff had advised patients to delay quitting smoking cigarettes. Fewer (14%) believed that patients in some way benefited from cigarette smoking; these benefits included managing mood disturbances (calming, reducing anxiety, depression, stress, anger) and substituting for illicit drug abuse. This suggests that some providers might rely on cigarettes in lieu of psychotherapy or prescription medications to address patients' mood disorders such as depression, anger, and anxiety. One tactic for disseminating tobacco treatment in drug treatment might involve identifying the purported benefits of tobacco and training providers in alternative methods for delivering these benefits.
An exploratory look at hand strength and hand size among preschoolers

The purpose of this study was to develop an initial understanding about grip strength, pinch strength and hand size in normally developing 3-, 4-, and 5-year-old children. This study also investigated whether there were relationships among lowing variables: hand strength, hand size, age, and gender. A Jamar dynamometer was used to measure grip strength, and a Jamar pinch gauge was used to measure lateral pinch strength. The study population consisted of 81 preschool children from culturally an economically diverse communities in New York City. Hand strength and hand size were found to increase with each age level. The 5-year-olds were strongest in grip and pinch ability and had larger hands than the 3-year-olds and 4-year-olds. There was no statistically significant difference observed between the boys and the girls or the preferred hand in terms of hand strength.
670D TEACHING PEDIATRIC LIFE SUPPORT: A DEMONSTRATION

Training in Basic and Advanced Life Support (BLS and ALS) is now mandated by the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Hospitals for hospital physicians. However, the standard courses contain little information relevant to pediatric patients. A module was developed for teaching pediatric life support (PLS) stressing points unique to the age group and pediatric training. A lecture and slide presentation of anatomy and physiology underscored differences in resuscitation techniques from those used in adults. A method was presented for organization of personnel and assignment of tasks as a function of the number and capabilities of available resuscitators. Emergency drugs were discussed in relation to common etiologies of cardiorespiratory arrests in children. Demonstration stations used mannikins, actual equipment and radiographs to show airway adjuncts, intubation, central line placement, and resuscitation techniques in neonates, infants and children. Specific equipment requirements and problems due to variable patient size were illustrated. A mock cardiorespiratory arrest required participants to synthesize theory and practice, and served as an evaluation process. The PLS module was perceived as an excellent learning experience. The mock arrest was seen as a valuable “rehearsal” for the real event. Performance at subsequent resuscitations was felt to be more organized and effective. We believe this PLS module provides a needed addition to physician training and continuing medical education and recommend its inclusion in standard BLS and ALS courses.
Loss of Androgen Receptor Transcriptional Activity at the G1/S Transition

Androgens are essential for the differentiation, growth, and maintenance of male-specific organs. The effects of androgens in cells are mediated by the androgen receptor (AR), a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily of transcription factors. Recently, transient transfection studies have shown that overexpression of cell cycle regulatory proteins affects the transcriptional activity of the AR. In this report, we characterize the transcriptional activity of endogenous AR through the cell cycle. We demonstrate that in G0, AR enhances transcription from an integrated steroid-responsive mouse mammary tumor virus promoter and also from an integrated androgen-specific probasin promoter. This activity is strongly reduced or abolished at the G1/S boundary. In S phase, the receptor regains activity, indicating that there is a transient regulatory event that inactivates the AR at the G1/S transition. This regulation is specific for the AR, since the related glucocorticoid receptor is transcriptionally active at the G1/S boundary. Not all of the effects of androgens are blocked, however, since androgens retain the ability to increase AR protein levels. The transcriptional inactivity of the AR at the G1/S junction coincides with a decrease in AR protein level, although activity can be partly rescued without an increase in receptor. Inhibition of histone deacetylases brings about this partial restoration of AR activity at the G1/S boundary, demonstrating the involvement of acetylation pathways in the cell cycle regulation of AR transcriptional activity. Finally, a model is proposed that explains the inactivity of the AR at the G1/S transition by integrating receptor levels, the action of cell cycle regulators, and the contribution of histone acetyltransferase-containing coactivators.
Polarization switching of crystal structure in the nonphotochemical light-induced nucleation of supersaturated aqueous glycine solutions

By switching between linear and circular polarization in the irradiation of supersaturated solutions of the amino acid glycine in water with intense nanosecond pulses of near-infrared laser light, we have obtained the gamma and alpha phases, respectively, through nonphotochemical light-induced nucleation (NPLIN). This is the first report of light polarization controlling crystal structure. The intensity dependence of NPLIN in aqueous urea is also reported.
Inhibition of in vitro lymphocyte proliferation by ovine placenta-conditioned culture medium.

Abstract Conditioned culture media of ovine placental tissues or fetal skeletal muscle collected at Days 60, 100 and 140 of pregnancy were tested for their ability to inhibit in vitro lymphocyte proliferation. All conditioned cultures contained low-molecular-weight factors which suppressed [ 3 H]Tdr uptake by PHA-stimulated sheep lymphocytes. Non-dialyzable, inhibitory molecules were released only by placental tissues, with the greatest activity occurring for fetal cotyledonary placenta at Days 100 and 140 of gestation. Dialyzed conditioned culture medium of Day 100 cotyledonary placenta suppressed lymphocyte proliferation stimulated by PHA, PWM and MLR, but had no effect on ConA-stimulated cultures. Inhibitory actions were effective only during the first 24 h of lymphocyte activation and were abrogated with exogenous IL-2. Size-fractionation by gel filtration chromatography of the conditioned medium resolved the inhibitory activity into a peak of molecular weight > 4 × 10 6 Da and another peak with estimated molecular weight range of 46–162 kDa. Inhibitory action of the high molecular weight fraction was destroyed by sodium periodate oxidation whereas the lower molecular weight peak was sensitive to pronase. Presence of these immunosuppressive factors at the maternal-conceptus interface may contribute to down-regulation of local immune functions in the uterus and survival of the allogeneic conceptus.
Microstructural characterization of thick YBa2Cu3O7−δ films on improved rolling-assisted biaxially textured substrates

The microstructural changes associated with the reduced dependence of critical current density (Jc) versus thickness of thick, epitaxial YBa2Cu3O7–δ (YBCO) films on rolling-assisted biaxially textured substrates (RABiTS) were investigated. Pulsed laser deposited YBCO films varying in thickness from 1.0 to 6.4 ?m on RABiTS with an architecture of Ni–3 at.% W/Y2O3/yttrium-stabilized-zirconia/CeO2/YBCO were prepared for cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy studies. Dramatic improvements in physical properties and microstructural quality were observed resulting from the use of Ni–3 at.% W substrates, which provided a sharper texture over earlier Ni substrates, and replacement of CeO2 with Y2O3 as the seed layer within the buffers. The YBCO films showed exceptional orientation up to 6.4 μm thickness, with no misoriented grains or dead layers observed and only limited reaction between the YBCO and CeO2 cap layer. The high quality of the films was also attributed in part to the formation of a tungsten oxide layer forming at the top of the Ni–3% W substrate, limiting the growth of deleterious NiO into the conductor.
Structures of the Typing Antigens of Atypical Mycobacteria: A Brief Review of Present Knowledge

The overall structures of the typing antigens from serovars in the Mycobacterium avium-Mycobacterium intracellulare-Mycobacterium scrofulaceum complex have been elucidated. They are polar versions of the well-known C mycosides and have the general structure: [Formula: see text]. The lipopeptidyl-O-(3, 4-di-O-Me-Rha) "core" is common to all serovars; however, the oligosaccharide moiety is different. Detailed analyses of the oligosaccharides from selected serovars show that they contain four sugars at most. The same internal disaccharide residue [L-rhamnopyranosyl (alpha 1 leads to 2) 6-deoxytalose] is present in all oligosaccharides, whereas the outer one or two sugar residues are unique and apparently provide the distinctive features required for serological specificity.
Linked elbow replacement: a salvage procedure for distal humeral nonunion.

ABSTRACT FROM THE ORIGINAL ARTICLE BACKGROUND: Nonunion is a challenging and not uncommon complication of distal humeral fractures. Our long-term experience with linked semiconstrained total elbow arthroplasty as a salvage procedure for patients with distal humeral nonunion not amenable to internal fixation was investigated. METHODS: Ninety-one consecutive patients (ninety-two elbows) underwent total elbow arthroplasty for the treatment of a distal humeral nonunion, and the results were reviewed at a mean of 6.5 years postoperatively. Patients' charts and anteroposterior and lateral radiographs made prior to and immediately after the joint replacement and at the time of the latest follow-up were reviewed to identify intraoperative and postoperative complications, and radiographic evidence of loosening or bushing wear. The outcome measures consisted of prosthetic survival, with implant removal as the end point for failure, and the Mayo Elbow Performance Score (MEPS). RESULTS: At the time of the most recent follow-up, joint stability had been initially restored in all patients, including nine who had had a grossly flailed elbow. Sixty-seven (74%) of the patients had no pain or mild pain at the time of the latest follow-up, whereas seventy-nine patients (87%) had had moderate or severe pain prior to the surgery. While 85% (seventy-seven) of the ninety-one patients rated the outcome as better or much better, twenty patients (22%) had a fair or poor MEPS. A total of forty-four complications occurred in forty elbows, and there were thirty-two reoperations, twenty-three of which involved implant revision or removal. Factors that increased the risk of implant failure were a patient age of less than sixty-five years, two or more prior surgical procedures, and a history of infection. The rate of prosthetic survival without removal or revision for any reason was 96% at two years, 82% at five years, and 65% at both ten and fifteen years. CONCLUSIONS: Linked semiconstrained total elbow arthroplasty is a salvage procedure that can provide pain relief and restore motion and function in patients with a distal humeral nonunion that is not amenable to internal fixation. Substantial risk factors for failure include an age of less than sixty-five years, multiple previous surgical procedures, and any history of infection. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence. ORIGINAL ABSTRACT CITATION: “Linked Elbow Replacement: A Salvage Procedure for Distal Humeral Nonunion” (2008;90:1939-50).
A psychometric analysis of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule for Children-Parent Version in a school sample.

The current study was the 1st to examine the psychometric properties of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule for Children–Parent Version (PANAS-C-P) using a large school-based sample of children and adolescents ages 8 to 18 (N 606). Confirmatory factor analysis supported a 2-factor (correlated) model of positive affect (PA) and negative affect (NA). The PANAS-C-P scale scores also demonstrated acceptable internal consistency and convergent and divergent validity. The PANAS-C-P PA and NA scale scores also related to measures of anxiety and depression in a manner consistent with the tripartite model. Scale means and standard deviations were reported by grade and sex to provide normative data for the PANAS-C-P scales. Results from the present study provide initial support for the PANAS-C-P as a parent-reported perspective of youth PA and NA among school-based youths.
Disruption of Astrocytic Glutamine Turnover by Manganese Is Mediated by the Protein Kinase C Pathway

Manganese (Mn) is a trace element essential for normal human development and is required for the proper functioning of a variety of physiological processes. Chronic exposure to Mn can cause manganism, a neurodegenerative disorder resembling idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD). Mn(II) neurotoxicity is characterized by astrocytic impairment both in the expression and activity of glutamine (Gln) transporters. Because protein kinase C (PKC) activation leads to the downregulation of a number of neurotransmitter transporters and Mn(II) increases PKC activity, we hypothesized that the PKC signaling pathway contributes to the Mn(II)-mediated disruption of Gln turnover. Our results have shown that Mn exposure increases the phosphorylation of both the PKCα and PKCδ isoforms. PKC activity was also shown to be increased in response to Mn(II) treatment. Corroborating our earlier observations, Mn(II) also caused a decrease in Gln uptake. This effect was blocked by PKC inhibitors. Notably, PKC activation caused a decrease in Gln uptake mediated by systems ASC and N, but had no effect on the activities of systems A and L. Exposure to α-phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate significantly decreased SNAT3 (system N) and ASCT2 (system ASC) protein levels. Additionally, a co-immunoprecipitation study demonstrated the association of SNAT3 and ASCT2 with the PKCδ isoform, and Western blotting revealed the Mn(II)-mediated activation of PKCδ by proteolytic cleavage. PKC activation was also found to increase SNAT3 and ubiquitin ligase Nedd4-2 binding and to induce hyperubiquitination. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that the Mn(II)-induced dysregulation of Gln homeostasis in astrocytes involves PKCδ signaling accompanied by an increase in ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis.
Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair of an Aberrant Right Subclavian Artery: Technique and Long-Term Outcome

Background: Aberrant right subclavian artery (ARSA) is the most common congenital arch anomaly, which can be complicated by aneursymal dilation at its ostium. We describe a successful repair of an ARSA with a three-stage operative procedure using a left carotid to subclavian bypass, coiling of the ARSA, and thoracic endovascular aortic repair with long-term clinical and radiographic follow-up. (J Card Surg 2010;25:390-393)
Time course of DNA adduct formation in peripheral blood granulocytes and lymphocytes after drinking alcohol.

Alcohol consumption is an established risk factor for cancers of the head and neck, colorectum, liver and female breast. Acetaldehyde, the primary metabolite of ethanol, is suspected to play a major role in alcohol-related carcinogenesis. Acetaldehyde binds to DNA resulting in formation of adducts. DNA adducts are involved in mutagenesis and carcinogenesis. N 2-Ethylidenedeoxyguanosine (N 2-ethylidene-dGuo) is the major adduct formed in this reaction. Studies have shown an association between alcohol drinking and levels of this DNA adduct, suggesting its potential use as a biomarker for studying alcohol-related carcinogenesis. However, there are no reports on the kinetics of formation and repair of N 2-ethylidene-dGuo after alcohol consumption. Therefore, we investigated levels of N 2-ethylidene-dGuo in DNA from human peripheral blood cells at several time points after consumption of increasing doses of alcohol. Ten healthy non-smokers were recruited and asked to abstain from alcohol consumption except for the study doses. The subjects were given measured doses of alcohol once a week for 3 weeks, targeting increasing blood alcohol levels. Blood was collected at several time points before and after each dose, DNA was isolated from granulocytes and lymphocytes and N 2-ethylidene-dGuo was quantified as its NaBH3CN reduction product N 2-ethyldeoxyguanosine by liquid chromatography–electrospray ionisation–tandem mass spectrometry. Significant increases in N 2-ethylidene-dGuo were observed after all doses and in both cell types. However, there was substantial intraindividual variability, indicating that there are other important sources of this adduct in peripheral blood DNA. Further studies are needed to better understand the origins of N 2-ethylidene-dGuo in blood cells, the exposures it reflects, and thus its potential use as a marker of alcohol’s genotoxic effects.
Microwave-induced plasma atomic absorption spectrometry with solution nebulization and desolvation-condensation

Electrical discharge (plasma)-based analytical instruments are commercially available. These include the inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer (ICP-AES), the ICP-mass spectrometer (MS), the gas chromatograph/microwave-induced plasma (MIP) AES, the glow-discharge MS, the direct-current plasma AES, and the ICP atomic fluorescence spectrometer (ICP-AFS). High-temperature inert-gas plasmas are believed to be excellent sources for excitation spectrometry—namely, atomic emission, and ionization for mass spectrometry. The success of ICP-AFS, however, indicates that there also is an abundance of ground-state species for sensitive monitoring. The ICP-AFS technique offers parts-perbillion detection limits.
The DIAN digital I simulation program

Although DIAN can be used for almost any type of simula tion problem, it has been used most where it had a particu lar advantage over other available methods of solution. Thus, it has been used to transfer an analog problem to a digital computer when the problem grew too large for the existing facilities, where a large number of transport delays or where long transport delays were involved, and when the simulation problem was very large.The DIAN flowsheet is almost the same as an analog computer flowsheet, the coding of the input cards is straightforward, and except for a boundary value problem, no compilation is necessary. Iterative solutions of boundary value problems can be solved using DIAN and several problems can be handled sequentially in a multifile run. The use of DDA-type integrators permits flexibility in non linear function generation and output format may be var ied since the format is supplied as input information with each problem.
An Analysis of the Pricing of Traits in the U.S. Corn Seed Market

We investigate the pricing of traits in the U.S. corn seed market under imperfect competition. In a multiproduct context, we examine how substitution/complementarity relationships among products can affect pricing. This is used to motivate generalizations of the Herfindahl-Hirschman index capturing cross-market effects of imperfect competition on pricing. The model is applied to pricing of U.S. conventional and biotech seeds from 2000 to 2007. We reject the standard component pricing in biotech traits in favor of subadditive bundle pricing. The econometric estimates show how changes in market structure (as measured by both own- and cross-Herfindahl indexes) affect U.S. corn seed prices.