cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A novel operant testing regimen for multi-construct cognitive characterization of a murine model of Alzheimer's amyloid-related behavioral impairment.

Abstract A common method for modeling pathological and behavioral aspects of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the transgenic mouse. While transgenic strains are often well characterized pathologically, behavioral studies of cognitive deficits often employ a limited set of aversively motivated, spatial learning and memory tests, under brief testing periods. Here we illustrate an alternative operant behavioral methodology to provide a comprehensive characterization under repetitive testing conditions, and with appetitive motivation. In this study, we employed the commonly used Tg2576 murine model of Alzheimer’s disease amyloid pathology, since it has been the subject of many previous behavioral studies. In these mice, we compared the learning of simple and complex, as well as spatial and non-spatial rules. The mice were assessed on a progressively more complex and interlocking battery of operant tasks, ranging from simple rule learning to delayed recall, as well as tests of motor and sensory ability. In general, as compared to wild type control mice, within-group variability was high in the Tg2576 mice, and deficits were most apparent in more complex discrimination tasks. Furthermore, a consistent decrease in the rate at which Tg2576 mice completed testing trials was observed, pointing to a potential motivation difference or speed–accuracy tradeoffs as a defining characteristic of this strain under these test conditions. Using sensitive adjusting retention interval procedures, it was also possible to isolate a difference in retention interval and separate it from non-mnemonic processes. Overall, these experiments demonstrate the utility of this novel operant approach for characterizing the cognitive deficits of transgenic murine models of dementia.
Abstract P1-03-01: Evidence for the Warburg effect in mammary atypia from high-risk African American women.

Background: Aggressive cancers are known to consume glucose avidly and produce lactic acid (rather than fully metabolize glucose via the Tricarboxylic Acid (TCA) cycle). This shift toward lactate production, even in the presence of adequate oxygen, is termed the Warburg effect. The Warburg effect is thought to be a late event in breast cancer, however, our studies in high-risk women provide evidence that the Warburg effect occurs during cancer initiation. This is an important observation as glucose-signaling can be readily targeted for breast cancer prevention with minimal toxicity. Here we investigated the role of the Warburg effect in breast cancer initiation in young high-risk women. Methods and Results: Similar to fluorodeoxyglucose, 2-(N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)amino)-2-deoxyglucose (2-NBDG) is a fluorescent glucose analog that can be used to track glucose uptake and glycolysis. 2-NBDG spectroscopy provides a means to track glucose metabolism in live mammary epithelial cells from high-risk women. We used 2-NBDG spectroscopy to measure glucose uptake in ER− breast cancer and live atypical mammary epithelial cells from high-risk premenopausal women. We observe that both triple-negative breast cancer and a subset of atypia exhibits accumulation of 2-NBDG. There is growing recognition that phosphoprotein signaling networks (rather than single genes) play a key role in breast cancer initiation and progression. Our team used Reverse Phase Proteomic Microarray (RPPM) profiling to test for activation of phosphoprotein signaling networks in atypical RPFNA cytology from high-risk premenopausal women in our cohort. RPFNA were obtained from two independent sets of 39 and 38 high-risk premenopausal women; 45% of these women were African American. The signaling network most highly expressed in precancerous cells contained activated signaling proteins associated with the Warburg effect (AKT/mTOR/PI3K), insulin signaling (pACC, IRS1) and epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) IL6/Stat3/vimentin. Conclusions: This is the first evidence that abnormal glucose uptake and the Warburg effect occurs during breast cancer initiation in high-risk premenopausal women. These studies demonstrate our ability to identify abnormal glucose and activated signaling networks associated with the Warbug effect in atypical mammary cells from high-risk women. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-03-01.
Bidirectional reflective boundary conditions and the analytical smoothing technique for the spherical harmonics method of radiative transfer

Abstract Two techniques are presented to improve the generality of the spherical harmonics solution. We first exploit the properties of the matrices encountered in the spherical harmonics method and develop a technique that handles bidirectionally reflective boundary conditions. To damp the undesirable oscillatory phenomenon in the spherical harmonics solution, an integral smoothing is usually applied. For the second technique, we present an analytical smoothing which requires little computation overhead and preserves the nice features of an analytical solution.
Safety of thrombolytic therapy with urokinase or recombinant tissue plasminogen activator for peripheral arterial occlusion: a comprehensive compilation of published work.

PURPOSE To report a comprehensive literature review focused on comparing the risk of complications with urokinase versus recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) for thrombolytic treatment of peripheral arterial occlusions. METHODS The English-language literature between 1985 and 2002 was searched for studies that used tissue-derived urokinase or rtPA in the treatment of peripheral arterial occlusions. Forty-eight studies (22 urokinase, 22 rtPA, and 4 that included both treatments) were identified, encompassing 2226 urokinase-treated patients and 1927 rtPA-treated patients. The safety of each thrombolytic agent was assessed based on the incidence of major hemorrhage, intracerebral hemorrhage, major limb amputation, transfusions, and mortality. RESULTS The review revealed a wide range of study protocols, patient conditions, ages of occlusions, dosages/delivery methods of lytic agents, and criteria for reporting complications. The incidence of major hemorrhage varied widely, but the overall rate was lower among urokinase-treated patients (6.2%) than for patients treated with rtPA (8.4%, p=0.007). The overall incidence of intracerebral hemorrhage was also significantly lower for urokinase (0.4% versus 1.1% for rtPA, p=0.020). The major amputation rate was similar for both treatments (urokinase 7.9%, rtPA 7.2%), but the mortality rate was significantly lower for urokinase (3.0% versus 5.6% for rtPA, p<0.001). The need for transfusions was less frequent with urokinase (11.1% versus 16.1%, p=0.002). CONCLUSIONS These results from a large body of published literature suggest that urokinase may be associated with a lower incidence of complications than rtPA in the treatment of peripheral arterial occlusions.
Detailed study of the phase transition in [Ni(H2O)6](NO3)2·(15-crown-5)·H2O and analysis in terms of mean-field theory

The transition between 190 and 200 K in [Ni(H2O)6](NO3)2·(15-crown-5)·H2O has been followed by determining the structure at 22 temperatures in the range 90–273 K. The structural change is a zone-boundary transition with a critical point at (½, 0, ½) in the Brillouin zone of the high-temperature phase; both phases have space-group symmetry P21 but the volume of the unit cell is halved when a crystal is heated through the transition. The only obvious disorder in the high-temperature phase is of the lattice water molecule, which occupies two sites; some disorder persists below the transition. The greatest changes in the structure below the transition are the rotations of one of the two 15-crown-5 molecules and of one of the two nitrate ions; above the transition the two molecules are related by symmetry as are the two ions. Below the transition these two rotation angles evolve linearly with one another, and can thus be associated with a single order parameter that describes the structural evolution. The evolution of the spontaneous strain arising from the transition does not, however, follow the same evolution as the structural order parameter. This observation indicates that the transition cannot be described in terms of a Landau-type expansion that is characterized by a single order parameter, perhaps because the potential-energy surface for this essentially molecular crystal is more complicated than for the inorganic and framework structures in which such simple behaviour is observed.
Antioxidant proteins TSA and PAG interact synergistically with Presenilin to modulate Notch signaling in Drosophila.

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathogenesis is characterized by senile plaques in the brain and evidence of oxidative damage. Oxidative stress may precede plaque formation in AD; however, the link between oxidative damage and plaque formation remains unknown. Presenilins are transmembrane proteins in which mutations lead to accelerated plaque formation and early-onset familial Alzheimer’s disease. Presenilins physically interact with two antioxidant enzymes thiol-specific antioxidant (TSA) and proliferation-associated gene (PAG) of the peroxiredoxin family. The functional consequences of these interactions are unclear. In the current study we expressed a presenilin transgene in Drosophila wing and sensory organ precursors of the fly. This caused phenotypes typical of Notch signaling loss-of-function mutations. We found that while expression of TSA or PAG alone produced no phenotype, co-expression of TSA and PAG with presenilin led to an enhanced Notch loss-of-function phenotype. This phenotype was more severe and more penetrant than that caused by the expression of Psn alone. In order to determine whether these phenotypes were indeed affecting Notch signaling, this experiment was performed in a genetic background carrying an activated Notch (Abruptex) allele. The phenotypes were almost completely rescued by this activated Notch allele. These results link peroxiredoxins with the in vivo function of Presenilin, which ultimately connects two key pathogenetic mechanisms in AD, namely, antioxidant activity and plaque formation, and raises the possibility of a role for peroxiredoxin family members in Alzheimer’s pathogenesis.
GPS/machine vision navigation system for aircraft

A Kalman filter based multiple sensor fusion method for determining the position of a general aviation aircraft with respect to the runway during night landing and takeoff is discussed. Known structure of the airport lights, video images acquired by an onboard video camera, position estimates from an onboard Global Positioning System (GPS), and data from an attitude indicator are integrated in a Kalman filtering algorithm. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed concept.
Isolate from the annelid, Reteterebella queenslandia (Australia), active against Ehrlich ascites tumor.

A fraction, isolated by dialysis and gel permeation chromatography from an aqueous ethanolic extract of the tentacles of Reteterebella queenslandia, controlled and cured Ehrlich ascites tumor in mice in microgram doses. It is effective by either intraperitoneal or subcutaneous injection.
The impact of nonnormality on full information maximum-likelihood estimation for structural equation models with missing data.

A Monte Carlo simulation examined full information maximum-likelihood estimation (FIML) in structural equation models with nonnormal indicator variables. The impacts of 4 independent variables were examined (missing data algorithm, missing data rate, sample size, and distribution shape) on 4 outcome measures (parameter estimate bias, parameter estimate efficiency, standard error coverage, and model rejection rates). Across missing completely at random and missing at random patterns, FIML parameter estimates involved less bias and were generally more efficient than those of ad hoc missing data techniques. However, similar to complete-data maximum-likelihood estimation in structural equation modeling, standard errors were negatively biased and model rejection rates were inflated. Simulation results suggest that recently developed correctives for missing data (e.g., rescaled statistics and the bootstrap) can mitigate problems that stem from nonnormal data.
Application of low field NMR T2 measurements to clathrate hydrates.

Abstract Low field (2 MHz) Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) proton spin–spin relaxation time (T2) distribution measurements were employed to investigate tetrahydrofuran (THF)—deuterium oxide (D2O) clathrate hydrate formation and dissociation processes. In particular, T2 distributions were obtained at the point of hydrate phase transition as a function of the co-existing solid/liquid ratios. Because T2 of the target molecules reflect the structural arrangements of the molecules surrounding them, T2 changes of THF in D2O during hydrate formation and dissociation should yield insights into the hydrate mechanisms on a molecular level. This work demonstrated that such T2 measurements could easily distinguish THF in the solid hydrate phase from THF in the coexisting liquid phase. To our knowledge, this is the first time that T2 of guest molecules in hydrate cages has been measured using this low frequency NMR T2 distribution technique. At this low frequency, results also proved that the technique can accurately capture the percentages of THF molecules residing in the solid and liquid phases and quantify the hydrate conversion progress. Therefore, an extension of this technique can be applied to measure hydrate kinetics. It was found that T2 of THF in the liquid phase changed as hydrate formation/dissociation progressed, implying that the presence of solid hydrate influenced the coexisting fluid structure. The rotational activation measured from the proton response of THF in the hydrate phase was 31 KJ/mole, which agreed with values reported in the literature.
What Is the Cost of Maintaining a Kidney in Upper-Tract Transitional-Cell Carcinoma? An Objective Analysis of Cost and Survival

Abstract Background and Purpose: For many years, the gold standard in upper urinary tract transitional-cell carcinoma (UT-TCC) management has been nephroureterectomy with excision of the bladder cuff. Advances in endourologic instrumentation have allowed urologists to manage this malignancy. The feasibility and success of conservative measures for UT-TCC have been widely published, but there has not been an objective cost analysis performed to date. Our goal was to examine the direct costs of renal-sparing conservative measures v nephroureterectomy and subsequent chronic kidney disease (CKD) or end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Secondary analysis includes a discussion of survival and quality-of-life issues for both treatment cohorts. Patients and Methods: Retrospective review of a cohort of patients treated at our institution with renal-sparing ureteroscopic management of UT-TCC who were followed for a minimum of 2 years. The costs per case were based on equipment, anesthesia, surgeon fees, pathologic evalu...
Amphetamine sensitization impairs cognition and reduces dopamine turnover in primate prefrontal cortex.

Background Amphetamine (AMPH) sensitization in monkeys produces long-lasting behavioral changes that model positive (hallucinatory-like behaviors) and negative (psychomotor depression) symptoms of schizophrenia. The extent to which this model produces the core deficit in schizophrenia—working memory impairment—is unknown. Methods Two groups of rhesus monkeys were sensitized to AMPH over 6 weeks. In one group, acquisition of cognitive tasks (delayed response, visual discrimination, delayed nonmatch-to-sample) was examined beginning 6+ months postsensitization. The second group was pretrained to stability on delayed response before sensitization. Regional postmortem concentrations of dopamine and its metabolites were examined in tissue from age-matched AMPH-naive and AMPH-sensitized monkeys using high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection (HPLC-ECD). Results The AMPH-sensitized monkeys were profoundly impaired in their ability to acquire cognitive tasks compared with AMPH-naive monkeys. Pretrained monkeys showed impaired delayed response performance for several months following sensitization. Analysis by HPLC revealed that AMPH sensitization significantly reduced dopamine turnover in prefrontal cortex and striatum. Conclusions Impairments in the acquisition and performance of spatial delayed response in association with reduced dopamine turnover in prefrontal cortex following AMPH sensitization provide further support for the relevance of this model to both the etiology and the treatment of cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia.
Transcription signatures encoded by ultraconserved genomic regions in human prostate cancer

Ultraconserved regions (UCR) are genomic segments of more than 200 base pairs that are evolutionarily conserved among mammalian species. They are thought to have functions as transcriptional enhancers and regulators of alternative splicing. Recently, it was shown that numerous RNAs are transcribed from these regions. These UCR-encoded transcripts (ucRNAs) were found to be expressed in a tissue- and disease-specific manner and may interfere with the function of other RNAs through RNA: RNA interactions. We hypothesized that ucRNAs have unidentified roles in the pathogenesis of human prostate cancer. In a pilot study, we examined ucRNA expression profiles in human prostate tumors. Using a custom microarray with 962 probesets representing sense and antisense sequences for the 481 human UCRs, we examined ucRNA expression in resected, fresh-frozen human prostate tissues (57 tumors, 7 non-cancerous prostate tissues) and in cultured prostate cancer cells treated with either epigenetic drugs (the hypomethylating agent, 5-Aza 2′deoxycytidine, and the histone deacetylase inhibitor, trichostatin A) or a synthetic androgen, R1881. Expression of selected ucRNAs was also assessed by qRT-PCR and NanoString®-based assays. Because ucRNAs may function as RNAs that target protein-coding genes through direct and inhibitory RNA: RNA interactions, computational analyses were applied to identify candidate ucRNA:mRNA binding pairs. We observed altered ucRNA expression in prostate cancer (e.g., uc.106+, uc.477+, uc.363 + A, uc.454 + A) and found that these ucRNAs were associated with cancer development, Gleason score, and extraprostatic extension after controlling for false discovery (false discovery rate < 5% for many of the transcripts). We also identified several ucRNAs that were responsive to treatment with either epigenetic drugs or androgen (R1881). For example, experiments with LNCaP human prostate cancer cells showed that uc.287+ is induced by R1881 (P < 0.05) whereas uc.283 + A was up-regulated following treatment with combined 5-Aza 2′deoxycytidine and trichostatin A (P < 0.05). Additional computational analyses predicted RNA loop-loop interactions of 302 different sense and antisense ucRNAs with 1058 different mRNAs, inferring possible functions of ucRNAs via direct interactions with mRNAs. This first study of ucRNA expression in human prostate cancer indicates an altered transcript expression in the disease.
The Effects of Preschool on Educationally Advantaged Children: First Phases of a Longitudinal Study.

Abstract This study is concerned with the preschool and kindergarten phases of a ten-year longitudinal research project designed to investigate the immediate and long-term effects of preschool on educationally advantaged children. Preschool data dealing with IQ, social competency, and school readiness, as well as physical abilities and self-concept were collected on two waves of subjects. Wave I( N = 129) consisted of 87 experimental and 42 control subjects, and in Wave II( N = 85) there were 54 experimental and 31 control subjects. Follow-up data on school readiness and social competency data were obtained from Wave I subjects in kindergarten. Analysis of data indicated that social competency, was enhanced through preschool participation and although there were no significant group differences in kindergarten test results, substantial social competency gains were observed for both groups. Findings will have greater meaning as the longitudinal study continues.
Aminoglycosides Are Captured from both Periplasm and Cytoplasm by the AcrD Multidrug Efflux Transporter of Escherichia coli

To understand better the mechanisms of resistance-nodulation-division (RND)-type multidrug efflux pumps, we examined the Escherichia coli AcrD pump, whose typical substrates, aminoglycosides, are not expected to diffuse spontaneously across the lipid bilayer. The hexahistidine-tagged AcrD protein was purified and reconstituted into unilamellar proteoliposomes. Its activity was measured by the proton flux accompanying substrate transport. When the interior of the proteoliposomes was acidified, the addition of aminoglycosides to the external medium stimulated proton efflux and the intravesicular accumulation of radiolabeled gentamicin, suggesting that aminoglycosides can be captured and transported from the external medium in this system (corresponding to cytosol). This activity required the presence of AcrA within the proteoliposomes. Interestingly, the increase in proton efflux also occurred when aminoglycosides were present only in the intravesicular space. This result suggested that AcrD can also capture aminoglycosides from the periplasm to extrude them into the medium in intact cells, acting as a "periplasmic vacuum cleaner."
The Edge System: Ergonomic Design Using Graphic Evaluation

EDGE is a computer-based ergonomic workspace design system which integrates several models of operator performance with a common graphic interface. In addition to serving as a practical design syst...
THE DEHYDRATION TEMPERATURE OF PYROPHYLLITE AND SERICITE1

Pyrophyllite and sericite are sometimes closely associated in works and the clays derived from them. They contain similar amounts of chemically combined water, but the sericite gives up its water more readily than the pyrophyllite, and is completely dehydrated at a lower temperature.
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Nephron Sparing Options for the Management of Small Renal Masses

Purpose: A recent increase in the detection of contrast enhancing renal masses 4 cm or smaller suspicious for malignancy has led to the widespread use of nephron sparing options. Limited data exist to help clinicians decide which of these competing nephron sparing therapies is most appropriate. We performed a cost-effectiveness analysis to evaluate the relative clinical and economic merits of commonly available nephron sparing strategies for small renal masses.Materials and Methods: We developed a decision analytic Markov model estimating the costs and health outcomes of treating a healthy 65-year-old patient with an asymptomatic unilateral small renal mass using competing nephron sparing options of immediate intervention (ie open and laparoscopic partial nephrectomy as well as laparoscopic and percutaneous ablation), active surveillance with possible delayed intervention and nonsurgical management with observation. Benefits were measured in quality adjusted life-years. We used a societal perspective, lif...
Premature adult mortality from non-communicable diseases (NCD) in three middle-income countries: do NCD programmes matter?

the effectiveness of non-communicable disease (NCD) programmes. Since 1970, three neighbouring middle-income countries—Argentina, Chile and Uruguay— have undergone health sector reforms and reorganized their NCD programmes. In this paper, we explore whether data on premature adult mortality can be used to gauge the effectiveness of these programmes. Methods We describe NCD programmes and examine mortality trends for the years 1970–2005 among adults aged 15–59 years. We contrast mortality trends from all-NCD to mortality trends from NCD that are avoidable through timely and effective medical care. The assumption is that if NCD programmes exert no effect, then all-NCD mortality and avoidable-NCD mortality will follow the same trend and avoidable-NCD mortality will not change at a faster pace. We used joinpoint regression analysis to describe the pace of change, measured as the geometric weighted average of the annual percentage change (AAPC). Results Since the 1980s, all three countries have implemented NCD programmes delivered through health care, but only after the year 2000 did these countries begin to scale-up population-based NCD prevention programmes. In Argentina, all-NCD mortality is declining at a faster pace than avoidable-NCD mortality, while the contrary is occurring in Chile. In Uruguay, all-NCD mortality is declining at a faster pace than avoidable-NCD mortality among males, whereas among females, all-NCD mortality has stagnated while avoidable-NCD mortality continues to decline. Conclusion NCD interventions through health care have likely contributed to the reduction of premature NCD mortality in Chile and among women in Uruguay. In Argentina and among men in Uruguay, factors outside the health sector seem to have had a greater impact. This approach could be used in other countries to assess the effect of NCD interventions and raise key questions on programme effectiveness.
Tunable line spectral estimators based on state-covariance subspace analysis

Subspace methods for spectral analysis can be adapted to the case where state covariance of a linear filter replaces the traditional Toeplitz matrix formed out of a partial autocorrelation sequence of a time series. This observation forms the basis of a new framework for spectral analysis. The goal of this paper is to quantify potential advantages in working with state-covariance data instead of the autocorrelation sequence. To this end, we identify tradeoffs between resolution and robustness in spectral estimates and how these are affected by the filter dynamics. The approach leads to a novel tunable high-resolution frequency estimator
Emergence of nonvaccine serotypes following introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine: cause and effect?

Since the 7valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) was first introduced in the United States in 2000, there has been great interest in understanding its clinical and public health impact. Early reports after the introduction of PCV7 revealed striking reductions in the incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) throughout the United States, not only among the population targeted for vaccination, but also among persons too young or too old to receive the vaccine [1-3]. These changes were so dramatic that long-standing disparities in the incidence of IPD among certain racial and ethnic groups were substantially reduced [4, 5]. The incidence of more-common manifestations of pneumococcal disease, such as otitis media [6] and hospitalizations for pneumonia [7], has also decreased, providing evidence of a much broader public health impact. Epidemiological studies have shown the vaccine to
Uncoupling PR Gene Expression from NPR1 and Bacterial Resistance: Characterization of the Dominant Arabidopsis cpr6-1 Mutant

In Arabidopsis, NPR1 mediates the salicylic acid (SA)-induced expression of pathogenesis-related (PR) genes and systemic acquired resistance (SAR). Here, we report the identification of another component, CPR 6, that may function with NPR1 in regulating PR gene expression. The dominant CPR 6-1 mutant expresses the SA/NPR1-regulated PR genes (PR-1, BGL 2, and PR-5) and displays enhanced resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv maculicola ES4326 and Peronospora parasitica Noco2 in the absence of SAR induction. cpr 6-1-induced PR gene expression is not suppressed in the cpr 6-1 npr1-1 double mutant but is suppressed when SA is removed by salicylate hydroxylase. Thus, constitutive PR gene expression in cpr 6-1 requires SA but not NPR1. In addition, resistance to P. s. maculicola ES4326 is suppressed in the cpr 6-1 npr1-1 double mutant, despite expression of PR-1, BGL 2, and PR-5. Resistance to P. s. maculicola ES4326 must therefore be accomplished through unidentified antibacterial gene products that are regulated through NPR1. These results show that CPR 6 is an important regulator of multiple signal transduction pathways involved in plant defense.
Effects of Pulmonary Artery Ligation on Pulmonary Surfactant and Pressure-Volume Characteristics of Dog Lung

The effects of pulmonary artery ligation upon pulmonary surfactant and upon the pressure-volume characteristics of the canine lung were studied. Four hours after ligation of one pulmonary artery the two lungs had similar deflation pressure-volume curves and extracts from these lungs had similar surface tension. Two weeks after ligation, the lungs with a ligated PA differed from the contralateral lungs in having a smaller fraction of total volume retained at each pressure during deflation, and extracts with a higher minimal surface tension, and a lower surfactant activity index. Low but significant correlations were observed between the fractional volume at 15 cm H2O transpulmonary pressure and the minimal surface tension of the lung extracts (Wilhelmy balance), between the fractional volume of 15 cm H2O transpulmonary pressure and the surfactant activity index, and between the surfactant activity index and the lung stability index. These data suggest a close relationship between altered surface forces and the pressure-volume characteristics of the lung after pulmonary artery ligation.
Effect of inadequate cardiac output reserve on exercise tolerance in patients with moderate mitral stenosis

Twenty-nine patients with moderate mitral stenosis and 29 age-matched normal controls underwent symptom-limited upright bicycle exercise testing with simultaneous hemodynamic monitoring. Exercise tolerance in the mitral stenosis group was found to be limited by inadequate cardiac output reserve and not by resting mitral valve area or exercise pulmonary capillary wedge pressure.
Auswirkungen des RFID-Einsatzes in der Praxis

Die funf in diesem Kapitel dargestellten Fallstudien bewerten Nutzeneffekte und Kosten des RFID-Einsatzes anhand verschiedener Anwendungen. Dabei handelt es sich um Einzelbeispiele, die jeweils unterschiedliche Einsatzbedingungen und RFID-Losungen aufzeigen. Die in den Projekten dargestellten Prozessauswirkungen fundieren die im Erklarungsmodell postulierten Auswirkungen von RFID (s. Kapitel 4). Da sich die Fallstudien nicht auf den aktuellen Stand der RFID-Systeme beschranken, sondern auch zukunftige Ausbauplane entsprechend des Diffusionsmodells (s. Abschnitt 4.3) beschreiben, ist eine Ableitung von Effekten zweiter und dritter Ordnung moglich. Der folgende Abschnitt beschreibt die Kriterien zur Auswahl der Fallstudien und den fur die anschliesende Aufbereitung verwendeten Strukturierungsrahmen. Nach der Einzeldarstellung der Fallstudien folgen eine zusammenfassende Analyse der identifizierten Effekte erster, zweiter und dritter Ordnung sowie die Einordnung der Anwendungen in das Diffusionsmodell (vgl. Abschnitt 4.3). Abschliesend leitet dieses Kapitel aus den Erfahrungen, die Unternehmen im Rahmen der untersuchten RFID-Projekte gesammelt haben, durch Generalisierung kritische Erfolgsfaktoren ab.
Face Needs, Intragroup Status, and Women’s Reactions to Socially Aggressive Face Threats

Socially aggressive face threats (SAFTs) are messages that threaten one's identity or positive face. Given the potential negative consequences of being a recipient of such behavior, the role of positive face needs, intragroup status, and the face-threatening nature of social aggression in predicting correlates of negative affect experienced as a result of being a target of SAFTs, including the face threat of the response, forgiveness, and well-being was investigated. On the basis of the survey responses from 199 college-aged women, findings indicated that targets' positive face needs and intragroup status are directly and indirectly associated with forgiveness and overall well-being. Implications for these findings in relation to theorizing about face and intragroup identity, as well as limitations and suggestions for future research were provided.
Community Child‐psychiatry in the United States: the Past Decade

SUMMARY A survey is presented of the progress, problems and prospects of community child-psychiatry in the United States. Special attention is given to the key issues of service, consultation, para-professional work and training. RESUME Psychiatrie infantile en communaute aux Etats-Unis: etude de la decade passee Une revue du progres, des problemes persistants et des projets pour la psychiatrie d'enfants en communaute aux Etats-Unis est presentee. Une attention toute speciale est accordee aux aspects cles de service, consultation, de travail para-professionnel et d'apprentissage. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Gruppenkinderpsychiatrie in den Vereinigten Staaten: ein Uberblick uber die vergangenen zehn Jahre Es wird ein Uberblick uber den Fortschritt, die Probleme und die noch vorhandenen Moglichkeiten der Gruppenkinderpsychiatrie in den Vereinigten Staaten gegeben. Der Schwerpunkt liegt auf den wichtigsten Ergebnissen der Betreuung, Beratung, paraprofessionalen Arbeit und dem Training. RESUMEN Psiquiatria infantil comunitaria en los E.E.U.U.: la ultima decada Se presenta una vision de conjunto de los progresos, problemas y previsiones para la psiquiatria comunitaria infantil en los Estados Unidas. Se da especial atencion a los puntos clave de: servicio, consulta, trabajo para-profesional y entrenamiento.
Non-linear theory of unstable plane Poiseuille flow

A theoretical study of plane Poiseuille flow is made using the full non-linear Navier-Stokes equations. The mathematical technique employed is to use a Fourier decomposition in the streamwise spatial variable, a Galerkin expansion in the lateral variable and numerical integration with respect to time. By retaining the non-linear terms, the limit cycle oscillations of an unstable (in a linear sense) flow are obtained. A brief investigation of the possibility of instability due to large (non-linear) disturbances is also made. The results are negative for the cases examined. Comparisons with results previously obtained by others from linear theory illustrate the accuracy and efficacy of the method.
Effects of the Delta Opioid Receptor Agonist SNC80 on Pain-Related Depression of Intracranial Self-Stimulation (ICSS) in Rats

Abstract The delta opioid receptor agonist SNC80 produces both antinociceptive and antidepressant effects in rodents. This profile suggests that SNC80 may also reverse prodepressant effects of pain. Accordingly, this study compared SNC80 effects in complementary assays of pain-stimulated and pain-depressed behavior in rats. Intraperitoneal injection of dilute acid served as an acute noxious visceral stimulus in rats to stimulate abdominal stretching (a pain-stimulated behavior) or depress intracranial self-stimulation of the medial forebrain bundle (ICSS; a pain-depressed behavior). When administered once per week to minimize acute tolerance, SNC80 (1–10 mg/kg IP) decreased acid-stimulated stretching but had little effect on acid-induced depression of ICSS. More frequent SNC80 administration produced tolerance to SNC80 effects on acid-stimulated stretching, but unmasked antinociception in the assay of acid-depressed ICSS. SNC80 did not facilitate ICSS in the absence of pain, and effects of SNC80 were not duplicated by ARM390, a reputed delta agonist congener of SNC80 that does not internalize delta receptors. These findings support continued consideration of delta agonists as candidate analgesics to treat prodepressant effects of pain and illustrate the potential for diametrically opposite effects of drug treatments on preclinical measures of pain-stimulated and pain-depressed behavior. Perspective The delta opioid agonist SNC80 blocked pain-related depression of intracranial self-stimulation in rats, suggesting that delta agonists may be useful to treat prodepressant effects of pain. Repeated SNC80 produced tolerance to SNC80 antinociception in a conventional assay of pain-stimulated behavior but unmasked SNC80 antinociception in an assay of pain-depressed behavior.
Identification of Proteins in Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) Particles: the HCMV Proteome

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), a member of the herpesvirus family, is a large complex enveloped virus composed of both viral and cellular gene products. While the sequence of the HCMV genome has been known for over a decade, the full set of viral and cellular proteins that compose the HCMV virion are unknown. To approach this problem we have utilized gel-free two-dimensional capillary liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance MS to identify and determine the relative abundances of viral and cellular proteins in purified HCMV AD169 virions and dense bodies. Analysis of the proteins from purified HCMV virion preparations has indicated that the particle contains significantly more viral proteins than previously known. In this study, we identified 71 HCMV-encoded proteins that included 12 proteins encoded by known viral open reading frames (ORFs) previously not associated with virions and 12 proteins from novel viral ORFs. Analysis of the relative abundance of HCMV proteins indicated that the predominant virion protein was the pp65 tegument protein and that gM rather than gB was the most abundant glycoprotein. We have also identified over 70 host cellular proteins in HCMV virions, which include cellular structural proteins, enzymes, and chaperones. In addition, analysis of HCMV dense bodies indicated that these viral particles are composed of 29 viral proteins with a reduced quantity of cellular proteins in comparison to HCMV virions. This study provides the first comprehensive quantitative analysis of the viral and cellular proteins that compose infectious particles of a large complex virus.
O2 delivery at VO2max and oxidative capacity in muscles of standardbred horses.

The purpose of this study was to describe the relationships between 16 physiological, biochemical, and morphological variables presumed to relate to the oxidative capacity in quadriceps muscles or ...
An Inconvenient Truth: Arbitrary Distinctions Between Organizational, Mechanical Turk, and Other Convenience Samples

Sampling strategy has critical implications for the validity of a researcher’s conclusions. Despite this, sampling is frequently neglected in research methods textbooks, during the research design process, and in the reporting of our journals. The lack of guidance on this issue often leads reviewers and journal editors to rely on simple rules of thumb, myth, and tradition for judgments about sampling, which promotes the unnecessary and counterproductive characterization of sampling strategies as universally “good” or “bad.” Such oversimpli fiation, especially by journal editors and reviewers, slows the progress of the social sciences by considering legitimate data sources to be categorically unacceptable. Instead, we argue that sampling is better understood in methodological terms of range restriction and omitted variables bias. This considered approach has far-reaching implications because in industrial– organizational (I-O) psychology, as in most social sciences, virtually all of the samples are convenience samples. Organizational samples are not gold standard research sources; instead, they are merely a specific type of convenience sample with their own positive and negative implications for validity. This fact does not condemn the science of I-O psychology but does highlight the need for more careful consideration of how and when a finding may generalize based on the particular mix of validityrelated affordances provided by each sample source that might be used to investigate a particular research question. We call for researchers to explore such considerations cautiously and explicitly both in the publication and in the review of research.
The Value of 'Useless' Bosses

According to conventional wisdom, a middle manager is useless to a principal that has enough time, attention, and technical expertise to oversee all organizational activities. This paper argues that such a principal can benefit from a manager's services, and that her optimal choice of manager may be one whose vision differs from hers. The reason is that a principal can strengthen a worker's incentives to acquire information for a decision by delegating control to a "biased" manager. Since cursory observation erroneously suggests that the manager is useless, the analysis helps to reconcile middle management's prevalence with its widespread lamentation.
Hydrodynamics and sediment suspension in shallow tidal channels intersecting a tidal flat

Abstract A field study was conducted on a tidal flat intersected by small tidal channels (depth
The Governance of Public Pensions An Institutional Framework

Prior studies of public pensions emphasize the effect of the political economy on the performance of pension systems. We argue that this approach overlooks important institutional features of pensi...
A STUDY ON OPERATED CASES OF DIVERTICULITIS OF THE LARGE INTESTINE

A series of 23 cases of diverticulitis of the large intestine operated on at the institution in a recent one decade were subjected to a clinical study. Their mean age was 57.5 years (range; 8 to 89). There were 13 men and 10 women, without significant difference. Affected sites were the right side of the colon in 12 patients and left side of the colon in 11 patients. Preoperative diagnoses included generalized peritonitis in 10 patients and appendicitis in seven patients. Emergency operation was performed in 16 out of these 22 patients. Except two patients who underwent appendectomy with drainage, resection of the intestine more than local excision was performed in 21 patients. Of these 21 patients, one-step approach was employed in 18 patients. Postoperative course was uneventful in 16 out of these 18 patients. However, the remaining two patients with generalized peritonitis due to left colonic deverticulitis who were associated with shock preoperatively had postoperative complications that demanded artificial colostomy and the resultant two-step or three-step operation. Five patients who were associated with shock before surgery had poor prognoses; all five patients experienced postoperative complications and two patients of them died. It is thought that, in patients with diverticulitis of the large intestine who lack in factors suggestive of poor prognosis such as preoperative shock condition, operation on an one-step approach is safely performed, but one-step approach should be avoided for patients with such risk factors, for whom two-or three-step approach is recommended.
Abstract 3601: Excess weight gain accelerates 1-methyl-1-nitrosourea (MNU)-induced mammary carcinogenesis in ovary-intact Sprague Dawley (Levin) rats fed 31.8% dietary calories from fat.

Though population data for breast cancer indicate that adult weight gain is associated with increased risk in postmenopausal women, the generally accepted lack of effect of obesity on premenopausal breast cancer risk has recently been challenged (Cecchini et al Cancer Prev Res; 5(4); 583-92, 2012). In that publication from the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP), BMI >30 was significantly associated with increased risk of invasive breast cancer in high-risk premenopausal women (HR= 1.70). As the effects of excess weight gain on breast carcinogenesis in women prior to menopause remain poorly understood, the Levin strains of outbred Sprague Dawley rats that are dietary obesity sensitive (DS) or resistant (DR) were used to investigate this issue. The Levin rats, which are available from Taconic Farms, were selectively outbred for >20 generations for resistance (DR) or susceptibility (DS) to weight gain when fed a purified diet of similar fat content as the typical diet consumed by women in the United States (31.8% fat by kcal). DS rats gain more weight than DR rats and develop metabolic syndrome after several weeks, including dyslipidemia and insulin resistance. Ovary-intact DS (n=101) and DR (n=103) rats were injected with 50 mg/kg of 1-methyl-1-nitrosourea (MNU) at 21-24 days of age, and began ad libitum feeding of the purified diet the following day. The experiment was terminated 9 weeks post-carcinogen at which point DS rats were approximately 17% heavier than their DR counterparts (220.3 ± 22.1 g vs. 187.9 ± 14.6 g, p Supported by PHS grant CA52626 from the National Cancer Institute. Citation Format: Shawna B. Matthews, John N. McGinley, Zongjian Zhu, Weiqin Jiang, Elizabeth Neil, Angie Neil, Henry J. Thompson. Excess weight gain accelerates 1-methyl-1-nitrosourea (MNU)-induced mammary carcinogenesis in ovary-intact Sprague Dawley (Levin) rats fed 31.8% dietary calories from fat. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3601. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3601
Model -based Autonomous Coordination of Distributed Spacecraft Formations

The deployment of multip le, identical spacecraft to achieve a single coordinated objective offers many attractive features including large virtual sensing apertures, temporally correlated in -situ sampling, and high level mission redundancy. While fundamentally enabled by advance ments in low power electronics and component miniaturization, successful deployment of such systems will ultimately depend on the ability to provide high levels of individual and coordinated autonomy such that the spacecraft formation can be programmed and monitored as a single entity. Recent developments in reactive model -based programming offer a step towards achieving such levels of system autonomy. Model -based programming differs fundamentally from procedural specification of system actions in that co ntrol commands are synthesized at runtime by a continuous process of high level state estimation and reactive planning, using explicit logic models of spacecraft hardware and software components coupled with high level control strategy specifications. Thi s paper will describe current research in model -based programming for autonomous coordination of spacecraft formations
Establishing Benchmarks for Resuscitation of Traumatic Circulatory Arrest: Success-to-Rescue and Survival among 1,708 Patients.

Background Attempts are made with emergency department thoracotomy (EDT) to salvage trauma patients who present to the hospital in extremis. The EDT allows for relief of cardiac tamponade, internal cardiac massage, and proximal hemorrhage control. Minimally invasive techniques, such as endovascular hemorrhage control (EHC) are available, but their noninferiority to EDT remains unproven. Before adopting EHC, it is important to evaluate the current outcomes of EDT. We hypothesized that EDT survival has improved during the last 4 decades, and outcomes stratified by pre-hospital CPR and injury patterns will provide benchmarks for success-to-rescue and survival outcomes for patients in extremis. Study Design Consecutive trauma patients undergoing EDT from 1975 to 2014 were prospectively observed as part of quality improvement. Predicted probabilities of survival were adjusted for pre-hospital CPR, mechanism of injury, injury pattern, patient demographics, and time period of EDT using logistic regression. Success-to-rescue was defined as return of spontaneous circulation with blood pressure permissive for transfer to the operating room. Results There were 1,708 EDTs included, with an overall 419 (24%) success-to-rescue patients and 106 survivors (6%), and 1,394 (79%) of these patients had pre-hospital CPR and 900 (54%) had penetrating wounds. The most common injury patterns were chest (29%), multisystem with head (27%), and multisystem without head (21%). Penetrating injury was associated with higher survival than blunt trauma (9% vs 3% p Conclusions Outcomes of EDT have improved over the past 40 years. In the last 5 years, STR was 35% and overall survival was 14%. These prospective observational data provide benchmarks to define the role of EHC as an alternative approach for patients arriving in extremis.