cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Syndromic analysis of computerized emergency department patients' chief complaints: an opportunity for bioterrorism and influenza surveillance.

Abstract Study objective: Emergency department computerized triage logs might be useful for automated ED surveillance and potentially for early identification of bioterrorism events. We describe a Web-based surveillance program and its feasibility for surveillance. Methods: A Web-based surveillance program that receives computerized chief complaint data daily from a large academic urban teaching hospital and performs syndromic analysis on these data was developed. On the basis of preset limits, the Web-based surveillance program sends an alert e-mail message when the syndromic analysis reveals an increase in the number of patients in predefined symptom groups. The feasibility of this system was tested by using historical data during an influenza outbreak (December 1999 to January 2000) and applying the anthrax symptom group. Results: The Web-based surveillance program identified the influenza outbreak in the first week. Conclusion: Computerized triage logs might be a feasible method for bioterrorism and influenza surveillance. The Web-based nature of the surveillance program creates the opportunity for other hospitals to contribute data, potentially resulting in an automated network of ED computerized triage log surveillance. [ Ann Emerg Med. 2003;41:447-452.]
Turnover of bis-diphosphoinositol tetrakisphosphate in a smooth muscle cell line is regulated by β2-adrenergic receptors through a cAMP-mediated, A-kinase-independent mechanism

Bis-diphosphoinositol tetrakisphosphate ([PP]2-InsP4 or 'InsP8') is a 'high-energy' inositol phosphate; we report that its metabolism is receptor-regulated in DDT1 MF-2 smooth muscle cells. This conclusion arose by pursuing the mechanism by which F- decreased cellular levels of [PP]2-InsP4 up to 70%. A similar effect was induced by elevating cyclic nucleotide levels, either with IBMX or by application of either Bt2cAMP (EC50 = 14.7 microM), Bt2cGMP (EC50 = 7.9 microM) or isoproterenol (EC50 = 0.4 nM). Isoproterenol (1 microM) decreased [PP]2-InsP4 levels 25% by 5 min, and 71% by 60 min. This novel, agonist-mediated regulation of [PP]2-InsP4 turnover was very specific; isoproterenol did not decrease the cellular levels of either inositol pentakisphosphate, inositol hexakisphosphate or other diphosphorylated inositol polyphosphates. Bradykinin, which activated phospholipase C, did not affect [PP]2-InsP4 levels. Regulation of [PP]2-InsP4 turnover by both isoproterenol and cell-permeant cyclic nucleotides was unaffected by inhibitors of protein kinases A and G. The effectiveness of the kinase inhibitors was confirmed by their ability to block phosphorylation of the cAMP response element-binding protein. Our results indicate a new signaling action of cAMP, and furnish an important focus for future research into the roles of diphosphorylated inositol phosphates in signal transduction.
Integración de la teoría y la práctica en educación de negocios / Integrating theory and practice in business education

The present exploratory essay discusses the link between theory and practice in Business education. Using academic articles as reading materials for both undergraduate and graduate students is recommended as a way to elucidate the direct connection between theory development in academia and practice in the business world. The essay concludes that the integration of theory and practice in Business education is not only necessary due to functional reasons but rather a necessity in order to foster the formation of ethical and well-rounded leaders.
Size effect tests of torsional failure of plain and reinforced concrete beams

The current design code formulae for the torsional failure of plain or longitudinally reinforced beams exhibit no size effect, i.e. the failure of geometrically similar beams of different sizes is supposed to occur at the same nominal stress. Experiments on reduced-scale beams were carried out, and the results confirm that there is a significant size effect, such that the nominal stress at failure decreases as the beam size increases. This is found for both plain and longitudinally reinforced beams. The results are consistent with the recently proposed Bažant's size-effect law. However, the scatter of the results and the scope, and range limitations prevent it from being concluded that the applicability of this law is proven.
Genetics and mapping of quantitative traits for nodule number, weight, and size in soybean ( Glycine max L.[Merr.])

Soybean research has found that nodule traits, especially nodule biomass, are associated with N2 fixation ability. Two genotypes, differing in nodule number per plant and individual nodule weight, KS4895 and Jackson, were mated to create 17 F3- and 80 F5-derived RILs. The population was mapped with 664 informative markers with an average distance of less than 20 cM between adjacent markers. Nodule traits were evaluated in 3-year field trials. Broad-sense heritability for nodule number (no. plant−1), individual nodule dry weight (mg nodule−1), individual nodule size (mm nodule−1), and total nodule dry weight (g plant−1) was 0.41, 0.42, 0.45, and 0.27, respectively. Nodule number was negatively correlated with individual nodule weight and size. Nodule number, individual nodule weight, and size are major components which likely contributed to increased total nodule weight per plant. Composite interval mapping (CIM) identified eight QTLs for nodule number with R2 values ranging from 0.14 to 0.20. Multiple interval mapping (MIM) identified two QTLs for nodule number, one of which was located close to the QTL identified with CIM. Six QTLs for individual nodule weight were detected with CIM, and one QTL was identified with MIM. For nodule size, CIM identified seven QTLs with R2 values ranging from 0.14 to 0.27. Five QTLs for total nodule weight were detected with CIM, one of which was located close to a QTL identified with MIM. These results document the first QTL information on nodule traits in soybean from field experiments utilizing a dense, complete linkage map.
Washing Away Postdecisional Dissonance

After choosing between two alternatives, people perceive the chosen alternative as more attractive and the rejected alternative as less attractive. This postdecisional dissonance effect was eliminated by cleaning one’s hands. Going beyond prior purification effects in the moral domain, physical cleansing seems to more generally remove past concerns, resulting in a metaphorical “clean slate” effect.
Parameters of consultee satisfaction with inpatient academic psychiatric consultation services: a multicenter study.

Background Consultation-liaison psychiatrists commonly perceive consultee satisfaction as a useful global measure of consultation-liaison service performance. No tool exists to measure consultee satisfaction. A single-site study at Columbia University Medical Center elicited ratings of parameters importantly contributing to consultee satisfaction within consultation-liaison services. Objective The purpose of this study was to assess the generalizability of the rating of importance of these parameters in a larger, multicenter sample. Methods From October 2013 to January 2014, a confidential and voluntary Web-based survey was distributed to 133 physicians at 7 academic centers in the United States asking them to rate the importance of 16 performance parameters (identified in the previous single-site study) in determining consultee satisfaction. Results Overall, 87 recipients (65%) responded to the survey. Among all the 16 items, there was no significant difference between sites in ratings of item importance. Of the 16 parameters, 9 received a mean rating in the "important" to "very important" range. Three items, "completion of consultation within 24 hours of request," "understanding the core questions being asked," and "practical and helpful management suggestions for medical staff" were rated as the most important. Quickly managing behavioral problems, management suggestions for nursing staff, verbal communication of recommendations, providing diagnostic clarification, facilitating transfer to inpatient psychiatry, and providing follow-up consultation were other parameters that were highly valued by consultees. Conclusions We found good generalizability across academic medical centers for ratings of parameters important for consultee satisfaction with consultation-liaison services, which can provide the basis for a consultee satisfaction measurement tool.
Obtaining Sample Path Derivatives by Source Code Instrumentation

This paper describes a process for determining the value of the gradient of the real outputs of a program with respect to its real parameters. CalledGradient Instrumentation, it is a mechanical process of insertion into the program's source code. The resulting program yields the gradient without the re-execution of the program. The sample path derivatives of many discrete event dynamical system simulations can be found using Gradient Instrumentation, by treating them as deterministic programs. The technique can also be applied to continuous simulations. The subject of a patent, Gradient Instrumentation yields derivatives of any order.
Sorghum mitochondrial atp6: divergent amino extensions to a conserved core polypeptide.

Sorghum mitochondrialatp6 occurs as one copy in the line Tx398 and as two copies in IS1112C. In IS1112C a repeated sequence diverged within theatp6 open reading frames. The two open reading frames (1137 bp,atp6-1; 1002 bp,atp6-2) share an identical conserved region of 756 bp but are flanked 5′ by divergent extensions of 246 (atp6-1) or 381 bp (atp6-2). Tx398 carried onlyatp6-2. The breakpoint of the repeated sequence of the conserved core region corresponds to the amino acid sequence Ser-Pro-Leu-Asp, which is the amino terminus of the proteolytically processed yeast ATP6. The 5′ extensions ofatp6-1 andatp6-2 were similar to those of rice and maize, respectively. Each open reading is transcribed, however nuclear background influenced transcriptional patterns ofatp6-2 in IS1112C.
A Multidisciplinary Engineering Laboratory Course

The Colorado School of Mines (CSM) curriculum was recently modified by replacing laboratory courses in electrical circuits, fluid mechanics and stress analysis with a sequence of Multidisciplinary Engineering Laboratory courses (MEL I, II, and III). The MEL sequence prepares students for their professional careers by integrating discipline-specific components into systems and building subject-matter depth through a vertical sequence. The experiments move beyond basic theory verification by requiring students to practice higher level thinking. In addition, the systems experiments encourage students to reorganize knowledge and discover the connections among concepts in several courses. The MEL sequence helps students understand relationships among science, engineering science, and engineering design. The MEL experiments develop life-long learning skills by encouraging higher levels of thinking on the Perry scale and requiring students to use a variety of Kolb's learning styles. This paper describes the educational objectives and experiments for the MEL I course. The paper gives assessment results for MEL I and compares it with traditional laboratories.
CaMKII Activation in the Entorhinal Cortex Disrupts Previously Encoded Spatial Memory

To investigate the role of the entorhinal cortex in memory at a molecular level, we developed transgenic mice in which transgene expression was inducible and limited to the superficial layers of the medial entorhinal cortex, pre- and parasubiculum. We found that expression of a constitutively active mutant form of CaMKII in these structures disrupted spatial memory formation. Immediate post-training activation of the transgene disrupted previously established memory while transgene activation 3 weeks following the training was ineffective. These results demonstrate that, similar to the hippocampus, the entorhinal cortex plays a time-limited role in spatial memory formation but is not a final cortical repository of long-term memory. Moreover, these results suggest that the indiscriminate activation of CaMKII is able to disrupt preexisting memories, possibly by altering the pattern of synaptic weight changes that are thought to form the basis of the memory trace.
3G11 expression in CD4+ T cell-mediated autoimmunity and immune tolerance

3G11 is a sialylated carbohydrate epitope of the disialoganglioside molecule expressed on mouse CD4+ T cells. Recent research showed that 3G11 expression is related to the modulation of T cell function, i.e., 3G11− T cells exhibit anergic/Treg characteristics and efficiently inhibit autoimmunity in the central nervous system. The relationship between 3G11 expression and immune tolerance is summarized in this literature review.
The impact of the 80 hour work week policy on surgical resident quality of life (QOL)

Abstract Introduction: The measured mental QOL of surgical residents has been previously shown to be similar to patients with chronic depression. Our objective was to determine the effect of the 80-hour work week policy (WWP) on resident QOL. Methods: The SF-36 QOL survey was administered to surgical residents before and one year after the institution of the 80-hour WWP. SF-36 component physical (PCS) and mental (MCS) summary scores were analyzed. Results were compared to age matched controls and patients with chronic diseases. ANOVA and Student’s t-test were used for Statistical analysis. Results: The mean hours worked per week significantly decreased one year after proactively instituting an 80-hour WWP (Pre = 89.6 ± 1.9 hours; Post = 73.5 ± 2.4 hours, p Demographic data Age 30.2 ± 0.7 yrs Gender 67% male 33% female Marital Status 45% single 52% married 3% divorced Conclusions: The institution of the 80-hour WWP significantly improved the MCS of our surgical residents without changing the PCS. Further studies are warranted to determine the impact on surgical training.
Poly(3-aminophenylboronic acid)-functionalized carbon nanotubes-based chemiresistive sensors for detection of sugars

The poly(aniline boronic acid) (PABA)-functionalized single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) non-enzymatic sensor was developed for the detection of saccharides. The work involved the electrochemical polymerization of 3-aminophenylboronic acid (3-APBA) in the presence of fluoride on the surface of SWNTs and their subsequent evaluation as chemiresistive sensors towards the detection of D-fructose and D-glucose. By varying the sensor's synthesis conditions by charge-controlled electropolymerization, the sensing performance was systematically optimized. Through electrical characterization in terms of change in resistance, cyclic voltammetry confirmed the electrochemical deposition of the PABA coating on the SWNTs. The optimized sensors showed sensing response over a wide dynamic range of concentrations and a limit of detection of 2.92 mM for D-fructose and 3.46 mM for D-glucose. The hybrid sensors could be regenerated on the basis of the reversible nature of the binding between PABA and 1,2- or 1,3-diols at lower values of pH.
Achieving Authority: Discursive Practices in Russian Girls' Pretend Play

In this article, I examine how Russian girls deploy bodily orientation combined with linguistic actions—such as permission and information requests, directives, role negotiation, and assistance appeals–to display their subordination to the authority of dominant peers in nonconflictual environments. The article is based on the micro-analysis of video-recorded, self-organized play and talk activities in a friendship group of girls, ages 6 to 9 years. The data were collected as part of a larger ethnographic study conducted in a mid-sized industrial town in Western Russia. I analyze contextual configurations coconstructed by participants deploying multiple semiotic fields including language, body, physical space, and objects occupying this space. Based on this analysis, I argue that in an environment where participants cannot invoke institutionally established roles, they treat common authoritative criteria as tools that can be actively and deliberately manipulated in interaction to establish an authoritative...
Liesegang rings in inhomogeneous media. Powdered glass

Abstract The formation of Liesegang rings has been studied in powdered glass suspended in gelatin. The diffusion velocity is shown to decrease with increasing glass concentration.
Side-scan sonar assessment of gray whale feeding in the bering sea.

Side-scan sonar was used to map and measure feeding pits of the California gray whale over 22,000 square kilometers of the northeastern Bering Sea floor. The distribution of pits, feeding whales, ampeliscid amphipods (whale prey), and a fine-sand substrate bearing the amphipods were all closely correlated. The central Chirikov Basin and nearshore areas of Saint Lawrence Island supply at least 6.5 percent of the total gray whale food resource in summer. While feeding, the whales resuspend at least 1.2 x 108 cubic meters of sediment annually; this significantly affects the geology and biology of the region.
A Case Series of Women With Postpartum-Onset Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Background: There is emerging evidence that postpartum women are at risk for the development or worsening of obsessive-compulsive disorder. The purpose of this study was to provide data regarding the demographics, phenomenology, associated psychiatric comorbidity, family history, and response to open treatment with fluvoxamine in subjects with postpartum-onset obsessive-compulsive disorder. Method: Seven consecutive subjects were recruited from an outpatient obstetrical practice and by advertisement. Subjects completed the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV, the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale, and a semistructured interview for family history, demographic data, and clinical features. Three of the 7 subjects participated in a 12-week, open-label trial of fluvoxamine treatment of postpartum-onset DSM-IV obsessive-compulsive disorder. Results: The women described a mean age at onset of 28 years, and 4 subjects had a chronic course. Six subjects reported onset after the birth of their first child, and the mean time to onset was 3.7 weeks postpartum. All subjects experienced both obsessions and compulsions and reported aggressive obsessions that involved their children. None of the subjects acted on their obsessions to harm the children, but 5 reported dysfunctional mother-child behavior. All 7 subjects met criteria for at least 1 comorbid psychiatric disorder, with a mood disorder the most common. Family histories were notable for high rates of mood disorders and psychoactive substance use disorders in first-degree relatives. Two of the 3 subjects who entered the open-label trial of fluvoxamine experienced a positive response, defined as a 30% or greater decrease in the total score of the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale. Conclusion: Obsessive-compulsive disorder may present in the postpartum period and become chronic. Symptoms of the disorder may adversely affect the mother-child relationship, and it is important to assess for obsessions and compulsions in postpartum women who present with anxiety and/or depression. Fluvoxamine may be effective in reducing the symptoms of postpartum-onset obsessive-compulsive disorder. Controlled studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Political Economics of U.S. Food and Nutrition Policy: Discussion

The Davis paper succinctly points up an important facet of domestic feeding programs, namely, the relationships between income level and nutrient intake. Domestic food policy is designed under the assumption that such a relationship exists. However, a review of the literature reveals that this relationship is not a strong one and that it does not necessarily exist among all groups in our society. Essentially, income is not a good discriminator of undernutrition in our society. Let us examine the income-nutrient intake relationship in greater detail. The relationship between food expenditures and income in our society is not strong. We recently estimated an income elasticity of .17 using the 1977-78 household food consumption survey. Nutrients are essentially quantities of food, although measured in a different way. There should be less relationship in terms of a smaller elasticity between quantity consumed and income than that between expenditures and income. For many commodities, the income elasticity for quantities consumed would be near zero. Likewise, one would expect a near zero relationship between the intake of many nutrients and income. The varied food policies and income supplements now in existence across the United States help explain why some samples show a significant relationship between nutrients and income while others do not. AFDC payments in the southeastern United States are well below those in other areas of the country. AFDC payments provide an income floor for low income families with children. In areas where this floor is low, one would expect a significant relationship between nutrient intake and income. In other areas where the
Pediatric case report of quetiapine overdose and QTc prolongation.

Background. Consideration of the risk of QTc interval prolongation associated with atypical antipsychotic administration is mounting, as this can lead to sudden cardiac death.Methods. This is a case report of a 14-year-old boy with a history of major depressive disorder with psychotic features, post-traumatic stress disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, and polysubstance abuse who ingested 1900 mg of quetiapine.Results. One and one half hours after ingestion, the QTc interval lengthened from 453 msec to 618 msec on the printout (manual calculation was 444 msec to 500 msec, respectively). On the baseline EKG, the QTc interval was 411 msec (manual calculation of 416 msec).Conclusion. This report presents an association between higher doses of quetiapine, resulting in higher serum levels and QTc interval prolongation. Also, this report demonstrates the importance of manually calculating the QTc interval to ensure accuracy of the measurement. A review of the literature revealed two case reports and a study...
Multisubstrate adduct inhibitors of glycinamide ribonucleotide transformylase : synthetic and enzyme-assembled

Abstract β-TGDDF, the displacement product of 2-thioacetamide ribonucleotide and N-10-(bromoacetyl)-5,8-dideazafolate, is a potent, slow, tight-binding, multisubstrate adduct inhibitor (MAI) of glycinamide ribonucleotide transformylase (GAR TFase: E.C. 2.1.2.2.). The mechanism of inhibition by this MAI and its derivatives are reported. In addition, a related series of MAIs formed from the interaction of glycinamide ribonucleotide (GAR) or its carbocyclic analog (carbo-β-GAR) and N-10-(bromoacetyl)-5,8-dideazafol with GAR TFase have been discovered and characterized. These latter enzyme assembled inhibitors represent a novel route to the inhibition of GAR TFase.
Learning Complex and Ambiguous Style

A distinctive house style allows consumers to reliably identify an organization's products: It can be a source of differentiation and competitive advantage. House style must be open-ended--- complex, and ambiguous---to allow both distinctiveness and innovation. Complex and ambiguous style is difficult to articulate and codify, and thus hard to teach and learn: It can be an operational liability. Based on interview and observational data from high-end avant garde culinary groups in Europe and North America, I describe complex and ambiguous house style and document how members in these groups teach and learn style using rapid-cycle group evaluations of prototypes combined with exemplar-based, outcome-focused feedback norms. I then propose a mechanism---learning through successive approximations---for transmitting complex and ambiguous content in organizations. These findings likely generalize to small innovation organizations in industries producing goods or services which consumers can evaluate only throug...
Design of ultra-broadband on-glass antenna with a 250 Ω system impedance for automobiles

The design of a very simple, ultra-broadband, on-glass antenna for automobiles is described. A 250 Ω impedance system is proposed and a loop-based antenna structure with tuning arms is optimised by a genetic algorithm. The measured results on a prototype antenna show an average VSWR of 1.61 in the UHF and L bands.
Electron microscopic findings on mauthner cell cap dendrites in rainbow trout

Abstract Electron microscopic investigations were made on the cap dendrites within the Mauthner cell axon cap of the trout. The surface of the cap dendrites is covered nearly completely by synapses of four morphologically different types, chemical synapses containing round or elongated vesicles, as well as mixed synapses containing round or elongated vesicles. The myelinated axons forming these synapses frequently produce bulbs before entering the axon cap. They make contact with the cap dendrites in a different manner: end terminals or en passant -synapses exhibiting one or more synapses occur. Sometimes collaterals of the myelinated axons are seen. Because of the complex structure of their synaptic contacts the cap dendrites should consequently be regarded as a further prominent feature not only of the axon cap but also of the whole Mauthner cell. It seems likely that even the cap dendrites are one of the target elements of ipsilaterally-functioning PHP neurons and collaterals of contralateral vestibular inter-neurons.
Laser photoablation of experimental post‐infarction ventricular tachycardia guided by three dimensional activation mapping

Background and Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of epicardially delivered laser energy to ablate induced ventricular tachycardia in a post-infarction canine model. Study Design/Materials and Methods: In 13 canines, the left anterior wall myocardial infarction was created. Five days later, 240 plunged electrodes were inserted into the heart. Three-dimensional ventricular activation sequences were analyzed on line by a computerized mapping system. Results: Sixteen sustained monomorphic ventricular tachycardias were reproducibly induced in 10 canines. Epicardially contacted Nd:YAG laser irradiated the areas of the final pathway in macro-reentrant activation and the impulse origin in focal excitation. Linear photocoagulation lesions (11-16 x 50-72 mm) were created. Seven macro-reentrant circuits and six of nine focal origins were eliminated (success rate 81%). Pathology showed that laser photocoagulation involved all surviving subepicardial and intramural fibers. Conclusion: Epicardially delivered laser energy in conjunction with electrical activation mapping has a high probability of ablating post-infarction ventricular tachycardia.
Aging in mice reduces the ability to sustain sleep/wake states.

One of the most significant problems facing older individuals is difficulty staying asleep at night and awake during the day. Understanding the mechanisms by which the regulation of sleep/wake goes awry with age is a critical step in identifying novel therapeutic strategies to improve quality of life for the elderly. We measured wake, non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and rapid-eye movement (REM) sleep in young (2–4 months-old) and aged (22–24 months-old) C57BL6/NIA mice. We used both conventional measures (i.e., bout number and bout duration) and an innovative spike-and-slab statistical approach to characterize age-related fragmentation of sleep/wake. The short (spike) and long (slab) components of the spike-and-slab mixture model capture the distribution of bouts for each behavioral state in mice. Using this novel analytical approach, we found that aged animals are less able to sustain long episodes of wakefulness or NREM sleep. Additionally, spectral analysis of EEG recordings revealed that aging slows theta peak frequency, a correlate of arousal. These combined analyses provide a window into the mechanisms underlying the destabilization of long periods of sleep and wake and reduced vigilance that develop with aging.
Resonance in nonlinear discrete systems with nonlinear constraints

In this paper we consider resonant systems of non-linear difference equations subject to nonlinear constraints. The approach used is that of the Alternative Method (Lyapunov-Schmidt Procedure) and results are obtained for the existence of solutions and for their qualitative behavior. These results are extensions of those of Halanay [6] who considered periodic boundary conditions and those of Rodriguez [18] who considered the case of linear homogeneous constraints.
EFFICIENT MULTIPLE COHORT DESIGNS FOR CLINICAL TRIALS WITH REPEATED MEASURES

Most clinical trials with repeated measures use a traditional complete design: every subject is scheduled to be evaluated at each time point ("visit" or "evaluation occa­ sion "). Recent advances in mixed model statistical methods make it practical to create more efficient, intentionally incomplete longitudinal designs (IILDs). An IILD schedules some subjects to skip some evaluation occasions. A group of subjects with the same schedule is a cohort; an IILD has multiple cohorts. For example, an IILD for a clinical trial with five postbaseline visits might have three cohorts: Cohort I subjects would be scheduled for all five visits, Cohort 2 subjects for visits one, three, and five, and Cohort 3 subjects for visits one and five. An IILD is determined by the number of subjects assigned to each of the three cohorts. A traditional design would place all subjects in Cohort 1. Under reasonable conditions, more than 400 IILDs have greater power and less cost than the traditional design for comparing three treat­ ments.
Theory of rolling: Solution of the Coulomb problem

A theory of rolling of round bodies in the normal mode with adhesion conditions satisfied on the entire contact area is proposed. This theory refines the classical Coulomb's theory of rolling in which the rolling moment is directly proportional to the pressing force (e.g., the weight of the rolling body). The rolling moment of cylinders is found to be directly proportional to the pressing force raised to a power of 3/2, and the rolling moment of balls and tori is proportional to the pressing force raised to a power of 4/3. It is shown that the normal mode of uniform rolling can only be provided for a certain ratio of the elastic constants of the materials of the round body and the base forming an ideal pair. The Coulomb problem is solved for the cases of rolling of an elastic cylinder over an elastic half-space, of an elastic ball over an elastic half-space, of an elastic torus over an elastic half-space, and of a cylinder and ball over a tightly stretched membrane. The rolling law is derived for such cases. The rolling friction coefficients, the rolling moment, and the rolling friction force are calculated.
The 1993 symposium on psychoanalytic education revisited.

When Judy Kaplan, on behalf of the Psychoanalytic Review, asked me to revisit and report my current views on the Symposium on Psychoanalytic Education that Jack Arlow and I conducted fifteen years ago, my first reaction was sadness that Jack is no longer here to conduct the same symposium once more with its five discussants. What an interesting symposium this would have made. My second feeling was an astonishment at how very much my thinking has changed during that interval. A brief recapitulation is required. Arlow directed his discussion primarily toward achieving a reworking of our attitude toward Freud’s work, primarily the case histories. He argued that they should be assigned to the history of psychoanalysis and not taught as a model of how the analyst should aim to work. Arlow coined the term “apostolic” for that period where the leading analysts had all known Freud as a mentor. He asked us to enter with him into the postapostolic age. In my presentation I addressed myself primarily to the question of how the current diversity of psychoanalytic schools should be taught without sharpening the emphasis on the diver-
3D Simulation Study of Cell-Cell Interference in Advanced NAND Flash Memory

A new Technology CAD (TCAD) methodology has been applied to accurately extract cell-cell interference. The new method uses a "DeltaVt ratio" model instead of the conventional "capacitance ratio" model. The new method will be introduced and validated by recent experimental data. The predictions of the cell-cell interference on sub-40 nm floating gate (FG) cells and charge trapped flash (CTF) cells will be discussed. Finally, the implications and challenges of Multilevel Cell (MLC) applications will be made.
A Novel Spike Distance

The discrimination between two spike trains is a fundamental problem for both experimentalists and the nervous system itself. We introduce a measure for the distance between two spike trains. The distance has a time constant as a parameter. Depending on this parameter, the distance interpolates between a coincidence detector and a rate difference counter. The dependence of the distance on noise is studied with an integrate-and-fire model. For an intermediate range of the time constants, the distance depends linearly on the noise. This property can be used to determine the intrinsic noise of a neuron.
Ultrasonic analysis of precision-engineered acoustically active lipospheres produced by microfluidic

The development of a “magic bullet” that could carry therapeutic dose of drug to a target organ or tumor with high specificity is the ideal goal of targeted drug delivery. Acoustically active drug carriers must possess a layer with drug-carrying capacity, similar to a liposome, yet at the same time, they must have a core with significantly different density and compressibility than the surrounding media - such as a gas. Factors such as consistent response to acoustic pulses and consistent loading per particle are important characteristics for reliable delivery. Here, we utilize microfluidic technology to precision engineer acoustically-active drug delivery vehicles. Microfluidic multi-layer flow focusing enables production of acoustically active lipospheres (AALs) with nearly identical diameter. We perform ultrasonic interrogation of these multi layer vehicles as they are produced to determine their acoustic activity and diameter consistency. Acoustic response from lipospheres was measured to be on the same order of magnitude as responses from thin-wall lipid shelled contrast agents, indicating the oil layer did not produce notable damping effects on the acoustic scattering. We hypothesize that based on nearly identical echo signatures, that it will be easier to optimize ultrasound radiation-force mediated concentration and acoustically-mediated drug release to affect all AALs similarly.
Negative photoresponse in modulation doped field effect transistors (MODFET's): theory and experiment

A model for the mechanism of negative photoresponse, namely, the decrease of drain current under illumination, in AlGaAs-GaAs MODFET's is presented. Also, a comprehensive experimental study discussing the dependence of this phenomena on gate and drain to source bias voltages and optical power, as well as a comparison with devices that show the usual positive photoresponse, are reported. The negative photoresponse is attributed to trapping of photogenerated carriers in the GaAs buffer layer, causing a change in the potential profile and consequent reduction in the number of carriers in the 2-DEG channel. The above theory is supported by numerical solution of Poisson's and electron continuity equation, using the finite-elements method. Finally, the implications of the negative photoresponse on the high-speed photodetection properties of MODFET's devices are discussed. >
English Language Proficiency and Academic Performance of Undergraduate International Students

The study on English proficiency and academic performance of graduate international students at the State University of New York at Albany (SUNYA) reported in Richard Light, Ming Xu, and Jonathan Mossop's recent article in the TESOL Quarterly (Vol. 21, No. 2, June 1987) is very interesting in its comprehensiveness and the nature of its findings. Readers may be interested in comparing a similar study that we recently undertook with undergraduates. This more limited study yielded results remarkably similar to those of Light, Xu, and Mossop; however, our interpretation of the data was different because of the lower language proficiency of the undergraduate students. Our examination of the relationship between language proficiency and academic success of undergraduate international students was part of a self-study, following TESOL guidelines, of the nonintensive, developmental ESL courses and international student services at the University of Wisconsin-Green Bay (UWGB). We were interested in the consistency of the relationship between the minimum TOEFL score of 500, required for undergraduate admission, and academic success, as measured by grade point average (GPA). Unlike the SUNYA study, which included only first-semester graduate students, our study included all international students (N = 196) enrolled as undergraduates at UWGB during the spring 1986 semester. Transcripts and records in the office of International Student Services provided TOEFL scores and GPAs, as well as information on course load, number of credits earned, nationality, and academic major. In addition, we conducted case studies of ESL students at the lower end of the language proficiency range and in their first semester of undergraduate study. The mean TOEFL score for undergraduates admitted to UWGB was 537 (SD = 51), which was much higher than the mean score of the TOEFL reference group (M = 506, SD = 66) for students applying for admission to undergraduate school (Educational Testing Service, 1985). A similar difference in mean TOEFL scores was found between graduate students at SUNYA and applicants for
Low-frequency EEG correlates of fMRI in the resting state.

Recently, researchers have taken interest in simultaneously recording electroencephalography (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to explore the relationship between the blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signal and underlying neuronal activity[1]. Many studies investigate BOLD signal relationship to high-pass (> 1 Hz) filtered EEG data, but little work on has been done on slow (< 1Hz) cortical potential correlates of fMRI because low frequency EEG data are commonly discarded as drift artifacts[1]. Nevertheless, much slower (< 0.1 Hz) components of the fMRI signal are used to establish functional resting state networks (RSNs) within the brain[2]. In this study, five subjects underwent simultaneous recording of EEG and fMRI in a resting state, lying quietly with eyes open. Two ten minute scans were acquired per subject over the entire brain (TR=2 seconds, TE=30 milliseconds, 64x64 voxels, 33 slices). After standard functional connectivity preprocessing[3], the BOLD signals were band-pass filtered between 0.01 – 0.08 Hz. EEG data were obtained from a 64-channel electrode montage in a standard International 10-10 System configuration. Each signal was then filtered between 0.01 – 0.08 Hz and de-noised of scanner and ballistocardiographic artifacts. Channels were clustered using k-means and each cluster’s signal was calculated in order to be regressed from its respective electrodes. All EEG data were resampled to 0.5 Hz for comparison with functional data. Pearson correlation was then computed between pairs of individual EEG electrodes. Two electrode channels (AF3 and PO8) were chosen to be cross-correlated with BOLD signals at various time shifts between -10 – 20 seconds, due to their consistent presence in anticorrelated clusters from the paired EEG clustering. This was performed both with and without EEG cluster signal removal, the former allowing better visualization of correlation results. Finally, all subjects’ electrode-specific EEG-fMRI correlations were averaged together and two maps of correlation were produced (Figure ​(Figure1).1). These maps were corrected for multiple comparisons using a false discovery rate of 0.05, assuming a normal distribution of correlation values. The relationship between BOLD signals and slow cortical potentials can be observed over the sensorimotor cortex for both AF3 and PO8, demonstrating a correlation between EEG and a known RSN[2]. The time delays in correlation may also be related to previously observed BOLD signal propagations[3]. Figure 1 fMRI to EEG correlation for two electrodes. Slice number and time shift are shown on the abscissa and ordinate, respectively. Approximate electrode location is indicated by a white circle in the upper left slice. Arrows point to areas of significant correlation. ...
Resveratrol prevents antibody-induced apoptotic death of retinal cells through upregulation of Sirt1 and Ku70

To determine whether resveratrol, a natural plant-derived drug, has protective effects against antibody-induced apoptosis of retinal cells in vitro and to provide insights on the mechanism of resveratrol protection. E1A.NR3 retinal cells pretreated with 40 μM resveratrol were grown in the presence of anti-recoverin (Rec-1), anti-enolase (Enol-1) antibodies, and normal purified immunoglobulins. When the cells were exposed to resveratrol before treatment with Enol-1 or Rec-1 antibodies, 30–55% more cells survived compared to the resveratrol-untreated cells. Western blotting showed a reduction in proapoptotic protein Bax in the cytoplasm and mitochondria of resveratrol-treated cells. Resveratrol-pretreated cells also showed a significant decrease in intracellular calcium and an inhibition of caspase-3 activity as compared to the untreated cells. Sirt1 expression was greatly reduced in the cells grown in the presence of Rec-1 and Enol-1, but it increased about five times in the resveratrol-pretreated cells. Immunocytochemistry revealed that Sirt1 expression in the cytoplasm and nucleus was colocalized with Ku70 expression in resveratrol-treated cells, suggesting possible interaction with each other in the cell. The pattern of the Ku70 cellular localization also overlapped with the Bax cellular localization in treated and untreated cells. In vitro protection of retinal cells from apoptosis by resveratrol occurred through multiple early molecular events, such as reduction of intracellular calcium levels, down-regulation of Bax, up-regulation of Sirt1 and Ku70 activities, and inhibition of caspase-3 activity. These findings will help designing future in vivo and pre-clinical treatments for autoimmune retinopathies.
Effects of Mechanical Deformation on the Photo-Degradation of Acrylic-Melamine Coatings

The effects of bending deformations on the photodegradation of cured films of the systems: n-butyl acrylate, styrene or methyl methacrylate, hydroxyethyl acrylate, and melamine coated on aluminum mirror substrate have been studied using several experimental methods. The key characterization method was reflectance absorption Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to measure the various chemical changes in the polymer caused by UV and moisture exposure. This method was used both for flat (undeformed coating) substrate and for substrates with cured coatings subsequently bent to different radii of curvature to impose different levels of stress on the coatings during exposure. The results showed a pronounced enhancement of degradation with increasing surface stress. The actual imposed stress is limited by the degradation-induced formation of microcracks and crazes. The results are interpreted in terms of dilational voiding under the imposed stress which increases oxygen accessibility, plus the effects of stress, per se, on the oxidation mechanism and its micro-reversibility.
Physically-inspired haptic rendering

Extending the frontier of visual computing, real-time physically-based interactions and haptic (touch-enabled) rendering have the potential to increase the quality of man-machine communication. By accommodating the sense of touch and introducing realistic modeling of physical elements, haptic interfaces provide an attractive augmentation to visual display and enhance the level of immersion in a virtual environment. One of the major research challenges in haptics is to display intricate interaction between two 3D objects of high geometric complexity at the desired force update rates.
Free Banking Laws and Barriers to Entry in Banking, 1838–1860

The thesis that free banking laws lowered barriers to entry in the U.S. banking industry is tested by examining entry of firms and output of banking services before and after the institution of free banking. The output of banking services and the number of banks remained the same or declined after the institution of free banking, in all states with viable free banking laws except New York. In light of this evidence, the belief that free banking in the antebellum United States increased competition and efficiency of the banking industry by lowering barriers to entry must be reconsidered.
School Choice or Schools’ Choice? Managing in an Era of Accountability

Drawing on a year and a half of ethnographic research in three New York City small high schools, this study examines the role of the school in managing school choice and asks what social processes are associated with principals’ disparate approaches. Although district policy did not allow principals to select students based on their performance, two of the three schools in this study circumvented these rules to recruit and retain a population that would meet local accountability targets. This article brings together sensemaking and social network theories to offer a theoretical account of schools’ management of choice in an era of accountability. In doing so, the author demonstrates that principals’ sensemaking about the accountability and choice systems occurred within the interorganizational networks in which they were embedded and was strongly conditioned by their own professional biographies and worldviews. Principals’ networks offered access to resources that could be activated to make sense of the a...
A 1A, 20MHz/100MHz dual-inductor 4-output buck converter with fully-integrated bond-wire-based output filters for ripple reduction

A Dual-Frequency Dual-Inductor Multiple-Output (DF-DIMO) buck converter is presented. The 2-phase input stage is switching at 20 MHz and employs two 200-nH inductors, while the output stage is switching at 100 MHz and generates 4, 250-mA outputs. The output capacitors are all fully integrated, and additional bond-wire-based filters are employed at each output for voltage ripple reduction. The proposed design is implemented in standard 65-nm CMOS technology. It achieves less than 40-mV voltage ripple, 0.5-V/60-ns Dynamic Voltage Scaling (DVS), and settling time of less than 80 ns for a 125-mA load step; all with no observable cross regulation transients.
Variation in Kangaroo Rats (Genus Dipodomys) of the Heermanni Group in Baja California, Mexico

Variation in skin and skeletal measurements of kangaroo rats (genus Dipodomys) was evaluated using 265 specimens from 11 localities in Baja California, Mexico. Cluster analyses were utilized to verify field identification at the two localities where D. gravipes and D. agilis were sympatric and to examine each of the other nine collecting sites for possible sympatric forms. Sexual dimorphism occurred in two external, three skull, and nine postcranial measurements. Males were significantly larger than females in all of these characteristics. Significant interOTU variation occurred in 41 of the 42 characters analyzed. Using correlation analyses the 19 least correlated characters were selected from the original 42. Dipodomys gravipes was readily separable from the other taxa. The data indicate that there are only two species of kangaroo rats ( D. agilis and D. gravipes ) of the heermanni group in Baja California.