cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Results Evaluation of Eliminating IDD in Wuhou District in Year 2005

Objective To know the preventive effect and the present prevalent situation of IDD in Wuhou dis- trict,Chengdu city.Methods 5 primary schools were selected by using random sampling methods;thyroid gland of pupils aged from 8 to 10 were examined by palpation;salt samples were evaluated according to GB/ T13025.7-1999;urinary iodine samples were evaluated by as-ce catalysis spectrophotometry;children and housewives were asked about IDD related knowledge.Results 639 thyriod gland of pupils were examined.The Results showed that the goitre rate was 5.26%;the median level of urinary iodine was 159.80μg/L,while the levels of urinary iodine above 100ug/L and below 50ug/L accounted for 70.24% and 11.90% respective- ly.The qualified rate of iodized salt was 95.67%,and the pass rate of test of IDD related knowledge was 90.00%.Conclusions All of the four indicators of eliminating the hazard of IDD reach the standard.
Lutein and Zeaxanthin Isomers in Eye Health and Disease

Current evidence suggests lutein and its isomers play important roles in ocular development in utero and throughout the life span, in vision performance in young and later adulthood, and in lowering risk for the development of common age-related eye diseases in older age. These xanthophyll (oxygen-containing) carotenoids are found in a wide variety of vegetables and fruits, and they are present in especially high concentrations in leafy green vegetables. Additionally, egg yolks and human milk appear to be bioavailable sources. The prevalence of lutein, zeaxanthin, and meso-zeaxanthin in supplements is increasing. Setting optimal and safe ranges of intake requires additional research, particularly in pregnant and lactating women. Accumulating evidence about variable interindividual response to dietary intake of these carotenoids, based on genetic or metabolic influences, suggests that there may be subgroups that benefit from higher levels of intake and/or alternate strategies to improve lutein and zeaxanthin status.
Full discretization revisited

In this chapter we give some estimates for the fully discrete method (using Galerkin semidiscretization is space and CQ in time) for the single layer potential representation of the Dirichlet problem. Our goal is to prove all the bounds using time-domain techniques instead of estimates in the Laplace domain. The contents of this chapter follow (on a different example and with slightly different results) what appears in the last section of [13]. The techniques of this chapter mimic the traditional analysis of low order discretization methods for the wave equation. The context where these tools are used is, nevertheless, quite different from what is commonly seen in the literature.
Conrad's middle period

Conrad is best known for the writings of his middle period, which ranges from approximately 1899 to 1911. This period was Conrad's most productive and has generally been seen as comprising his most artistically accomplished works. Certainly, he wrote his most frequently read and frequently studied works during this period. “ Youth ” and Two Other Stories “Youth” is one of Conrad's best short stories and is the first of four tales (“Youth,” “Heart of Darkness,” Lord Jim , and Chance ) in which Charlie Marlow serves as the chief narrator. The story is a frame narrative in which Marlow tells his tale to several listeners, one of whom records the tale, acting as frame narrator. Marlow tells his listeners about an experience he had some twenty years earlier. He had just joined the crew as second mate of the Judea , bound for Bankok with a cargo of coal. From the outset, the journey is beset with difficulties. They leave London for Newcastle to collect their cargo but encounter bad weather and arrive late. More delays occur, including the Judea being hit by another vessel. Finally, setting off some three months after leaving London, the Judea again encounters bad weather in the English Channel and begins leaking, forcing yet another delay of several months while they await repairs. After the repairs are completed, the Judea finally sets off for its original destination. The ship encounters no more problems until it gets near Java Head, when the crew discovers a fire in the cargo hold.
The personality traits of consensually supportive people

Abstract We investigated the personality traits of supportive providers, assessed as the consensus among observers. Each provider was rated by three perceivers who knew the provider well in a round robin design (16 groups of 4 apartment mates; N = 64). Perceivers rated providers on providers' supportiveness, a subjective judgment that a provider would assist in times of trouble. Perceivers also rated providers on five-factor personality traits. Consensually supportive providers were more agreeable, extroverted and emotionally stable. The link between provider supportiveness and agreeableness was sufficiently strong to suggest that supportiveness is an aspect of agreeableness. We also examined the aspects of personality and support that reflected unique relationships among apartment mates. Relationally supportive providers were seen as highly open to experience. Thus, the trait markers of supportiveness depended upon whether supportiveness was assessed as the consensus among observers or as a feature of relationships. Implications for integrating research on social support and structural models of personality were discussed.
Measuring Environmental Factors: Unique and Overlapping International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health Coverage of 5 Instruments.

Abstract Objectives To describe the unique and overlapping content of the newly developed Environmental Factors Item Banks (EFIB) and 7 legacy environmental factor instruments, and to evaluate the EFIB's construct validity by examining associations with legacy instruments. Design Cross-sectional, observational cohort. Setting Community. Participants A sample of community-dwelling adults with stroke, spinal cord injury, and traumatic brain injury (N=568). Interventions None. Main Outcome Measures EFIB covering domains of the built and natural environment; systems, services, and policies; social environment; and access to information and technology; the Craig Hospital Inventory of Environmental Factors (CHIEF) short form; the Facilitators and Barriers Survey/Mobility (FABS/M) short form; the Home and Community Environment Instrument (HACE); the Measure of the Quality of the Environment (MQE) short form; and 3 of the Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System's (PROMIS) Quality of Social Support measures. Results The EFIB and legacy instruments assess most of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) environmental factors chapters, including chapter 1 (products and technology; 75 items corresponding to 11 codes), chapter 2 (natural environment and human-made changes; 31 items corresponding to 7 codes), chapter 3 (support and relationships; 74 items corresponding to 7 codes), chapter 4 (attitudes; 83 items corresponding to 8 codes), and chapter 5 (services, systems, and policies; 72 items corresponding to 16 codes). Construct validity is provided by moderate correlations between EFIB measures and the CHIEF, MQE barriers, HACE technology mobility, FABS/M community built features, and PROMIS item banks and by small correlations with other legacy instruments. Only 5 of the 66 legacy instrument correlation coefficients are moderate, suggesting they measure unique aspects of the environment, whereas all intra-EFIB correlations were at least moderate. Conclusions The EFIB measures provide a brief and focused assessment of ICF environmental factor chapters. The pattern of correlations with legacy instruments provides initial evidence of construct validity.
Clinical Utility and Development of Biomarkers in Invasive Aspergillosis

The diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis remains very difficult, and there are limited treatment options for the disease. Pre-clinical models have been used to evaluate the diagnosis and treatment of Aspergillus infection and to assess the pathogenicity and virulence of the organism. Extensive efforts in Aspergillus research have significantly expanded the genomic information about this microorganism. The standardization of animal models of invasive aspergillosis can be used to enhance the evaluation of genomic information about the organism to improve the diagnosis and treatment of invasive aspergillosis. One approach to this process has been the award of a contract by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases of the National Institutes of Health to establish and standardize animal models of invasive aspergillosis for the development of new diagnostic technologies for both pulmonary and disseminated Aspergillus infection. This work utilizes molecular approaches for the genetic manipulation of Aspergillus strains that can be tested in animal-model systems to establish new diagnostic targets and tools. Studies have evaluated the performance characteristics of assays for cell-wall antigens of Aspergillus including galactomannan and beta-D-glucan, as well as for DNA targets in the organism, through PCR. New targets, such as proteomic and genomic approaches, and novel detection methods, such as point-of-care lateral-flow devices, have also been evaluated. The goal of this paper is to provide a framework for evaluating genomic targets in animal models to improve the diagnosis and treatment of invasive aspergillosis toward ultimately improving the outcomes for patients with this frequently fatal infection.
Rapid visualization of macromolecular orientation by discrete frequency mid-infrared spectroscopic imaging

Infrared (IR) spectroscopic imaging has been used to measure the composition and orientation of polymeric systems for decades. IR microscopy can provide detailed views of microscopic regions, allowing the observation of both morphology and molecular properties of a sample, but involves a trade-off between the spatial extent and details of molecular content. Here we describe an approximately two orders of magnitude faster approach to measure the spherulitic structure and molecular orientation in large semi-crystalline polymer samples compared to extant Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopic imaging. This discrete frequency approach utilizes individual narrowband emission lines of a quantum cascade laser (QCL) source to spectrally image large areas rapidly. The inherent polarization of the laser beam is employed to measure orientation, enabling calculation of Hermans in-plane orientation function along with molecular chain angles distribution.
Emergence of social behavior deficit, blunted corticolimbic activity and adult depression-like behavior in a rodent model of maternal maltreatment

Disrupted social behavior is a core symptom of multiple psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders. Many of these disorders are exacerbated by adverse infant experiences, including maltreatment and abuse, which negatively affect amygdala development. Although a link between impaired social behavior, abnormal amygdala function and depressive-like behavior following early adversity has been demonstrated in humans and animal models, the developmental emergence of maltreatment-related social deficits and associated amygdala neural activity are unknown. We used a naturalistic rodent model of maternal maltreatment during a sensitive period, postnatal days 8-12 (PN8-12), which produces social behavior deficits that precede adolescent depressive-like behavior and amygdala dysfunction, to examine social behavior in infancy, periweaning and adolescence. Neural activity in response to the social behavior test was assessed via c-Fos immunohistochemistry at these ages. A separate group of animals was tested for adult depressive-like behavior in the forced swim test. Maltreatment spared infant (PN16-18) social behavior but disrupted periweaning (PN20-22) and adolescent (PN42-48) social behavior. Maltreated rats exhibited blunted neural activation in the amygdala and other areas implicated in social functioning, including the medial prefrontal cortex and nucleus accumbens, at these ages and increased adult depressive-like behavior. These findings may suggest corticolimbic involvement in the emergence of maltreatment-induced social deficits that are linked to adult depressive-like behavior, thereby highlighting potential targets for therapeutic intervention. Understanding how infant experiences influence social behavior and age-specific expression across development may provide insights into basic neural mechanisms of social behaviors and disease-relevant social dysfunction exacerbated by early-life stress.
Advances in Diagnostics and Therapeutic Techniques in Breeding Behavior Disorders in Stallions

Despite the suboptimal aspects of domestic breeding conditions compared with the natural conditions under which their reproductive behavior evolved, most domestic stallions can adapt to management and breeding programs. Most respond adequately or quickly learn to safely abide the restraint and direction of a human handler, and can adapt to changes in methods of breeding for semen collection. If not, the problems can range from inadequate or variable sexual interest and response to overenthusiastic or aggressive response beyond the ability of the handlers to safely direct and control. This article discusses veterinary evaluation as well as housing and handling strategies for addressing stallion breeding behavior problems.
Clinical outcome of adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia based on Philadelphia chromosome status and socioeconomic status.

7083 Background: Adult patients with Philadelphia chromosome positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph+ALL) often relapse with chemotherapy alone. Many undergo allogeneic stem cell transplant (allo...
Single shot nano-holography with compact soft x-ray laser

High resolution Fourier transform holograms with 5ps time resolution were obtained using a λ=18.9nm plasma based compact soft X-Ray laser.
Concussion in pediatric surgical patients scheduled for time-sensitive surgical procedures:

BackgroundEach year in the United States approximately three million individuals sustain sport or recreation-related concussion which may occur in the setting of orthopedic trauma requiring surgical intervention under general anesthesia. The effects of surgery and general anesthesia on brain recovery are currently unknown. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of recent sport concussion, recognized or not, in a preoperative, pediatric, surgical population.MethodsThe study involved administering a questionnaire to all eligible, consented patients in one of the following settings: Preoperative Clinic, Day Surgery Unit, Trauma Clinic, or inpatient floor. The questionnaire was designed to determine the occurrence and symptoms of a concussion. This study was conducted at an urban 395-bed comprehensive center for pediatric health, between May 2014 and April 2015. Inclusion criteria for study were age 5–21 years, presentation for surgical repair of orthopedic traumatic injury or nasal fract...
A cable-based series elastic actuator with conduit sensor for wearable exoskeletons

There is currently a scarcity of wearable robotic devices that can practically provide physical assistance in a range of real world activities. Soft wearable exoskeletons, or exosuits, have the potential to be more portable and less restrictive than their rigid counterparts. In this paper, we present the design of an actuation system that has been optimized for use in a soft exosuit for the human arm. The selected design comprises a DC motor and gearbox, a flexible cable conduit transmission, and a custom series elastic force sensor. Placed in series with the transmission conduit, the custom compliant force sensor consists of a translational steel compression spring with a pair of Hall effect sensors for measuring deflection. The custom sensor is validated as an accurate means of measuring cable tension, and it is shown that it can be used in feedback to control the cable tension with high bandwidth. The dynamic effect of the cable-conduit transmission on the force felt at the user interface is characterized by backdriving the system as it renders a range of virtual impedances to the user. We conclude with recommendations for the integration of such an actuation system into a full wearable exosuit.
Rising powers and international order: comparing Brazil and India’s strategies for admission to the great power club

The literature on rising powers has so far focused largely on individual country studies. The two books under review are important building blocks for a much-needed comparative analysis of their fo...
Extended Zinc AMBER Force Field (EZAFF)

An empirical approach based on the previously developed zinc AMBER force field (ZAFF) is proposed for the determination of the parameters for bonds and angles involving zinc. We call it the extended ZAFF (EZAFF) model because the original ZAFF model was only formulated for 4-coordinated systems, while EZAFF additionally can tackle 5- and 6-coordinated systems. Tests were carried out for 6 metalloproteins and 5 organometallic compounds with different coordination spheres. Results validated the reliability of the current model to handle a variety of zinc containing complexes. Meanwhile, benchmark calculations were performed to assess the performance of 3 bonded molecular mechanics models (EZAFF, Seminario, and Z-matrix models), 4 nonbonded parameter sets (the HFE, IOD, CM and 12-6-4 models) and 4 semiempirical quantum mechanical methods (AM1, PM3, PM6 and SCC-DFTB methods) for simulating zinc containing systems. The obtained results indicate that, even with their increased computational cost, the semiempiri...
A Qualitative Study of Latino Grandparents' Involvement in and Support for Grandchildren's Leisure Time Physical Activity.

Background. Latino grandparents are often involved in rearing of grandchildren. However, their roles in promoting Latino children’s leisure time physical activity (LTPA) have been largely overlooke...
Errors in nanoparticle growth rates inferred from measurements in chemically reacting aerosol systems

Abstract. In systems in which aerosols are being formed by chemical transformations, individual particles grow due to the addition of molecular species. Efforts to improve our understanding of particle growth often focus on attempts to reconcile observed growth rates with values calculated from models. However, because it is typically not possible to measure the growth rates of individual particles in chemically reacting systems, they must be inferred from measurements of aerosol properties such as size distributions, particle number concentrations, etc. This work discusses errors in growth rates obtained using methods that are commonly employed for analyzing atmospheric data. We analyze “data” obtained by simulating the formation of aerosols in a system in which a single chemical species is formed at a constant rate, R . We show that the maximum overestimation error in measured growth rates occurs for collision-controlled nucleation in a single-component system in the absence of a preexisting aerosol, wall losses, evaporation or dilution, as this leads to the highest concentrations of nucleated particles. Those high concentrations lead to high coagulation rates that cause the nucleation mode to grow faster than would be caused by vapor condensation alone. We also show that preexisting particles, when coupled with evaporation, can significantly decrease the concentration of nucleated particles. This can lead to decreased discrepancies between measured growth rate and true growth rate by reducing coagulation among nucleated particles. However, as particle sink processes become stronger, measured growth rates can potentially be lower than true particle growth rates. We briefly discuss nucleation scenarios in which the observed growth rate approaches zero while the true growth rate does not.
SAWR dynamic strain sensor detection mechanism for high-temperature harsh-environment wireless applications

Abstract High-temperature harsh-environment dynamic strain sensors are needed in multiple contemporary industrial and defense monitoring and control applications, in particular in power plants, metal manufacturing, and aerospace industries. Surface acoustic wave resonator (SAWR) technology stands out as an ideal sensor platform due to attractive technological features such as: small size, capability of wireless operation, battery-free operation, and resilience to high-temperatures. The SAWR dynamic strain sensor detection mechanism discussed in this paper reveals that both frequency and magnitude of the dynamic strain signal can be directly measured. Moreover, in-phase and quadrature component analyses of the measured free-resonating SAWR signal exposed to the dynamic strain perturbation show that both frequency and amplitude modulation are present. The results confirm the appropriateness of the SAWR sensor to detect both the frequency and magnitude of dynamic strain, making this technology very attractive for dynamic strain sensor applications, including situations that require wireless operation in high-temperature harsh-environments.
Elementary Teachers' Pedagogical Content Knowledge for Teaching Structure and Properties of Matter

The Next Generation Science Standards call for changes in not only what is taught in elementary science but also how students engage in the learning experience to develop understanding of core disc...
Improving Community Survival Rates from Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest

Out of hospital cardiac arrest affects 350,000 Americans yearly and is associated with a high mortality rate. Improving survival rates in this population rests on the prompt and effective implementation of four key principles. These include 1) early recognition of cardiac arrest 2) early use of chest compressions 3) early defibrillation, which in turn emphasizes the importance of public access defibrillation programs and potential for drone technology to allow for early defibrillation in private or rural settings 4) early and aggressive post-arrest care including the consideration of therapeutic hypothermia, early coronary angiography +/- percutaneous coronary intervention and a hyper-invasive approach to out-of-hospital refractory cardiac arrest.
Radiotherapy for Cutaneous Angiosarcoma

Cutaneous angiosarcoma (AS) is a rare, aggressive malignancy with a poor prognosis. It usually arises on the scalp or face and is locally advanced at presentation. Patients are most often white, male, and elderly. A subset of patients present with multifocal disease and/or positive regional nodes. Another group of patients who may present with AS are patients treated with a partial mastectomy and radiotherapy (RT) for breast cancer. Although the optimal treatment is surgery followed by wide-field RT, the disease is sometimes so extensive at diagnosis that it is not completely resectable. Even after optimal local-regional treatment, there is a relatively high likelihood of a local recurrence at the margins of the RT fields. The probability of hematogenous dissemination is relatively high. Limited data suggest that chemotherapy may be useful for palliation with progression-free survival rates ranging from 1 to 5 months. Depending on primary site, the 5-year local-regional control rates are approximately 40–50 %, the 5-year distant metastasis-free survival rates range from 20 to 40 %, and the 5-year survival rates range from 10 to 30 %. AS arising on the scalp has the worst prognosis.
Electrocatalytic activity of high-entropy alloys toward oxygen evolution reaction

Due to the special crystal structures and electron configurations, high-entropy alloys (HEAs) are expected to have favorable activities for electrocatalytic reactions. In this paper, a set of oxygen evolution reaction (OER) criteria are applied for the HEA-based electrocatalyst design. Specifically, FeNiMnCrCu HEA is predicted to have a better OER performance than the baseline FeCoNiCrAI HEA. To demonstrate this design approach, both FeNiMnCrCu and FeCoNiCrAI samples are prepared and tested. Their crystal structures and electrocatalytic performance are examined. This paper demonstrates the potential of using finely tuned HEAs for OER applications.
Postpartum Adjustment: What Is Normal and What Is Not

During pregnancy and the postpartum, a woman’s body must make extraordinary physical, biochemical, and hormonal adjustments. These physiological changes occur in concert with profound psychological experiences as women make the transition to motherhood. Most women do not suffer from significant mental health issues after giving birth. Although 80 % of women experience the baby blues, these symptoms quickly resolve by 2 weeks postpartum and are not considered a serious problem that requires medical intervention. For other women, however, this transition is more emotionally and psychologically challenging and can be a period of more serious mood and anxiety symptoms. This chapter reviews postpartum depression and anxiety, including the phenomenology, risk factors, and treatment options. In particular obsessive-compulsive disorder and generalized anxiety disorder, often overlooked, but not uncommon conditions are reviewed in detail.
How accurately can we predict forced expiratory volume in one second after major pulmonary resection

Standard formulas for predicting postoperative forced expiratory volume in 1 second (po-FEV 1 ) do not consider bronchi obstructed by tumor or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, e.g., Formula 1 [ppo-FEV 1 = (pre-opFEV 1 ) x (# segments remaining)/(# of total segments)] whereas Formula 2 [ppo-FEV 1 = (pre-opFEV 1 ) x (# segments remaining)/(# of total unobstructed segments)] does. A retrospective chart review was conducted to determine accuracy of predicting po-FEV 1 , at a comprehensive cancer center. Predicted po-FEV 1 was calculated using different formulas and analyzed using regression analysis and Pearson correlation. We found good correlation between po-FEV 1 and predicted po-FEV 1 using Formulas 1 and 2. In patients with tumor airway obstruction or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, predictive accuracy decreased for both formulas. Prediction of FEV 1 in patients undergoing pulmonary resection was generally accurate, but major errors were observed in some cases; therefore, better predictive formulas are needed in patients with airway obstruction by tumor or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
The limits of leaning in: ambition, recruitment, and candidate training in comparative perspective

The conventional wisdom suggests that women have less political ambition than men. The notion that women can solve the problem of their political underrepresentation by just “leaning in” also infor...
A Hemizygous Deletion Within the PGK1 Gene in Males with PGK1 Deficiency.

Phosphoglycerate kinase-1 (PGK1) deficiency is a rare X-linked disorder caused by pathogenic variants in the PGK1 gene. Complete loss-of-function variants have not been reported in this gene, indicating that residual enzyme function is critical for viability in males. Therefore, copy number variants (CNVs) that include single exon or multiple exon deletions or duplications are generally not expected in individuals with PGK1 deficiency. Here we describe a 64-year-old male presenting with a family history (three additional affected males) and a personal history of childhood-onset metabolic myopathy that involves episodes of muscle pain, stiffness after activity, exercise intolerance, and myoglobinuria after exertion. Biochemical analysis on a muscle biopsy indicated significantly reduced activity (15% compared to normal) for phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK1), a glycolytic enzyme encoded by PGK1. A diagnosis of PGK1 deficiency was established by molecular analysis which detected an approximately 886 kb deletion involving the polyadenylation site in the 3′UTR of the PGK1 gene. RNA analysis showed significantly reduced PGK1 transcript levels (30% compared to normal). This is the first deletion reported in the PGK1 gene and is the first pathogenic variant involving the 3′UTR polyadenylation site of this gene. Our report emphasizes the role of 3′UTR variants in human disorders and underscores the need for exploring noncoding regions of disease-associated genes when seeking a molecular diagnosis.
Effects of stereotype content priming on fourth and fifth grade students’ gender-instrument associations and future role choice:

The purpose of this study was to collect consensual stereotypes about traditional and popular music instruments and roles and to measure the effects of stereotype content priming on gender-role ass...
Adolescent Access to Patient-Centered Medical Homes.

Objectives To analyze the distribution of patient-centered medical homes (PCMHs) among US adolescents, and to examine whether disparities exist among subgroups. Study design Data on adolescents ages 12-17 years (n = 34 601) from the 2011-2012 National Survey of Children's Health were used in this cross-sectional study to determine what proportion had access to a PCMH. Multivariable logistic regression was used to calculate the odds of having a PCMH, adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics and special health care needs. Comparisons were made to distribution of PCMH in 2007. Results Although most US adolescents had a usual source of care (91%), only about one-half (51%) had access to a PCMH. Disparities in the prevalence of PCMHs were seen by race/ethnicity, poverty, and having special health care needs. There were lower adjusted odds in having a PCMH for Hispanic (aOR, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.45-0.68) and black adolescents (aOR, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.46-0.66) compared with white adolescents. Those living below 4 times the poverty level had lower adjusted odds of PCMH access. Adolescents with 3-5 special health care needs had lower adjusted odds (aOR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.35-0.52) of having a PCMH compared with adolescents without any special health care needs. Other than receiving family centered care, every component of PCMH was slightly lower in 2011-2012 compared with 2007. Conclusions PCMH access was lower among minorities, those living in poverty, and those with multiple special health care needs. These disparities in PCMH access among these typically underserved groups call for further study and interventions that would make PCMHs more accessible to all adolescents.
Fuzzy Multicriteria Decision-Making Model for Time-Cost-Risk Trade-Off Optimization in Construction Projects

As is often the case in project scheduling, when the project duration is shortened to decrease total cost, the total float is lost resulting in added critical or nearly critical activities. This, in turn, results in decreasing the probability of completing the project on time and increases the risk of schedule delays. To solve this problem, this research developed a fuzzy multicriteria decision-making (FMCDM) model. The objective of this model is to help project managers improve their decisions regarding time-cost-risk trade-offs (TCRTO) in construction projects. In this model, an optimization algorithm based on fuzzy logic and analytic hierarchy process (AHP) has been used to analyze the time-cost-risk trade-off alternatives and select the best one based on selected criteria. The algorithm was implemented in the MATLAB software and applied to two case studies to verify and validate the presented model. The presented FMCDM model could help produce a more reliable schedule and mitigate the risk of projects running overbudget or behind schedule. Further, this model is a powerful decision-making instrument to help managers reduce uncertainties and improve the accuracy of time-cost-risk trade-offs. The presented FMCDM model employed fuzzy linguistic terms, which provide decision-makers with the opportunity to give their judgments as intervals comparing to fixed value judgments. In conclusion, the presented FMCDM model has high robustness, and it is an attractive alternative to the traditional methods to solve the time-cost-risk trade-off problem in construction.
The NRL 85 GHz quasioptical gyroklystron experiment

The quasioptical gyrotron (QOG) is under development at the Naval Research Laboratory as a tunable, high power source of millimeter-wave radiation[1]. The present experiment is configured as a gyroklystron where the electron beam is prebunched in an upstream open resonator using an 85 GHz, 1.5 kW extended interaction oscillator (EIO). The gyroklystron typically operates at a beam voltage of 70 kV and a current of 0-10 A. Recent experimental results include 19% electronic efficiency in a single mode at 100 kW output power in a highly overmoded resonator. EIO mode priming, depressed collector, and phase locking results have been obtained, as well as demonstration of a new technique called alpha priming.
11.2 A Fully Integrated Resonant Switched-Capacitor Converter with 85.5% Efficiency at 0.47W Using On-Chip Dual-Phase Merged-LC Resonator

Fully integrated power management is important for a variety of applications spanning performance and mobile computing, embedded systems, and communications. However, monolithic integration has been elusive due to the limitations of passive components - especially inductors, which scale poorly to small size and are difficult to integrate. Planar spiral inductors are attractive from an integration perspective, but tend to have low inductance and energy-storage capability, low quality factor in mid-MHz frequencies, and high skin, proximity, and substrate-loss effects [1-3]. Buck converters are not well suited to full integration due to tradeoffs between inductive energy storage and switching frequency. However, recently developed hybrid-resonant switched capacitor (SC) topologies may be promising when combined with spiral magnetics, e.g., [1], [4], as they leverage higher-density on-chip capacitors while reducing the size and energy storage requirements of inductors. Compared to pure SC approaches, they tune out the reactive impedance of capacitors to operate at lower frequencies, reducing bottom plate and charge-sharing losses. They also have capabilities for voltage regulation and light-load operating modes [3].
Rare dorsal thoracic arachnoid web mimics spinal cord herniation on imaging.

Background Dorsal arachnoid webs (DAWs) are rare clinical entities that can mimic other conditions on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Here, we present a case of DAW that was misdiagnosed on MR as a ventral cord herniation. Case description A 35-year-old female presented with a 1-year history of lower extremity weakness and numbness. The MRI of the thoracic spine showed ventral cord displacement with syringomyelia. The computed tomography myelogram demonstrated ventral cord herniation. Intraoperatively, the patient had a dorsal thoracic web in the absence of cord herniation. Within 8 postoperative weeks, the patient had improved, and the follow-up MI showed a significant reduction in the syrinx size. Conclusion On MR scans, DAWs may look like ventral cord herniation. However, the positive "scalpel sign" and syrinx, the absence of an arachnoid cyst on myelography, and the findings on cine MR help differentiate DAWs from ventral cord herniation.
Electrochemically scrambled nanocrystals are catalytically active for CO2-to-multicarbons

Promotion of C-C bonds is one of the key fundamental questions in the field of CO2 electroreduction. Much progress has occurred in developing bulk-derived Cu-based electrodes for CO2-to-multicarbons (CO2-to-C2+), especially in the widely studied class of high-surface-area "oxide-derived" copper. However, fundamental understanding into the structural characteristics responsible for efficient C-C formation is restricted by the intrinsic activity of these catalysts often being comparable to polycrystalline copper foil. By closely probing a Cu nanoparticle (NP) ensemble catalyst active for CO2-to-C2+, we show that bias-induced rapid fusion or "electrochemical scrambling" of Cu NPs creates disordered structures intrinsically active for low overpotential C2+ formation, exhibiting around sevenfold enhancement in C2+ turnover over crystalline Cu. Integrating ex situ, passivated ex situ, and in situ analyses reveals that the scrambled state exhibits several structural signatures: a distinct transition to single-crystal Cu2O cubes upon air exposure, low crystallinity upon passivation, and high mobility under bias. These findings suggest that disordered copper structures facilitate C-C bond formation from CO2 and that electrochemical nanocrystal scrambling is an avenue toward creating such catalysts.
Racial Disparities in the Utilization of Novel Agents for Frontline Treatment of Multiple Myeloma.

Abstract Background Treatment with novel agents has become the standard of care for newly diagnosed multiple myeloma, but members of racial and ethnic minority groups receive these agents at a lower rate than their peers. Researchers have largely attributed this finding to the higher costs of these drugs in respect to traditional chemotherapies, but data supporting this hypothesis are lacking. We compared the relative bortezomib and lenalidomide utilization in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma, hypothesizing that the disparity between white and African American patients would be greater for lenalidomide as a result of its higher overall and out-of-pocket costs. Methods We reviewed the utilization patterns of bortezomib and lenalidomide using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)-Medicare linked database. Results Bortezomib utilization was 31% less likely for African Americans compared to whites. There was no statistically significant difference in lenalidomide utilization when other factors were controlled. Conclusion Our findings do not support the hypothesis that higher respective costs are the cause of the racial disparities in novel agent utilization for myeloma treatment. We postulate that travel or logistical issues, structural barriers in the medical system, and preferences and biases among patients and providers may also be involved in the observed treatment disparities.
Rural to urban migration, crime, and sentencing disparities in Guangdong, China

Abstract China has experienced massive internal migration in the past three decades. The rapidly growing urban population, especially the rural to urban migrant population, is the primary social concern on public health and social stability that China is facing in recent decades. The researcher utilized judicial decisions from the Intermediate Level Courts in Guangzhou, Guangdong province, China, to examine the characteristics of rural migrant offenders, and to explore the relationship between rural migration, sentencing disparity, and crime. The current study shows that rural migrant offenders are predominantly undereducated and underemployed at the time of offenses. They committed street crimes (e.g., robbery and aggravated assault), and received a relatively harsher fixed-term sentence for the same type of offense compared to urban offenders. The ultimate goal of the current research aims to explore how socio-economic inequalities and informal social control mechanisms are related to social disadvantages, particularly crime.
Graphene-Metal-Organic Framework Composite Sulfur Electrodes for Li-S Batteries with High Volumetric Capacity.

In an age of rapid acceleration toward next-generation energy storage technologies, lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries offer the desirable combination of low weight and high specific energy. Metal–org...
Correlated Mixed Membership Modeling for Somatic Mutations

Recent studies of cancer somatic mutation profiles seek to identify mutations for targeted therapy in personalized medicine. Analysis of profiles, however, is not trivial, as each profile is heterogeneous and there are multiple confounding factors that influence the cause-and-effect relationships between cancer genes such as cancer (sub)type, biological processes, total number of mutations, and non-linear mutation interactions. Moreover, cancer is biologically redundant, i.e., distinct mutations can result in the alteration of similar biological processes, so it is important to identify all possible combinatorial sets of mutations for effective patient treatment. To model this phenomena, we propose the correlated zero-inflated negative binomial process to infer the inherent structure of somatic mutation profiles through latent representations. This stochastic process takes into account different, yet correlated, co-occurring mutations using profile-specific negative binomial dispersion parameters that are mixed with a correlated beta-Bernoulli process and a probability parameter to model profile heterogeneity. These model parameters are inferred by iterative optimization via amortized and stochastic variational inference using the Pan Cancer dataset from The Cancer Genomic Archive (TCGA). By examining the the latent space, we identify biologically relevant correlations between somatic mutations.
ConcurrentHull: A Fast Parallel Computing Approach to the Convex Hull Problem

The convex hull problem has practical applications in mesh generation, file searching, cluster analysis, collision detection, image processing, statistics, etc. In this paper, we present a novel pruning-based approach for finding the convex hull set for 2D and 3D datasets using parallel algorithms. This approach, which is a combination of pruning, divide and conquer, and parallel computing, is flexible to be employed in a distributed computing environment. We propose the algorithm for both CPU and GPU (CUDA) computation models. The results show that ConcurrentHull has a performance gain as the input data size increases. Providing an independently dividable approach, our algorithm has the benefit of handling huge datasets as opposed to other approaches presented in this paper which failed to manage the same datasets.
Advanced adenomas may be a red flag for hereditary cancer syndromes.

16–25% of colorectal cancers (CRCs) diagnosed under age 50 are associated with hereditary cancer syndromes. Advanced adenomas are considered precursors to CRC. Although polyp removal prevents cancer, polypectomy does not change underlying genetic risk. Patients with isolated advanced polyps do not currently qualify for genetic testing unless they have a personal or family history of cancer. Describe the prevalence of hereditary cancer syndromes among patients with advanced colorectal polyps. We performed a single center retrospective review from 2015 to 2019 of patients who underwent germline genetic testing with indication for testing listed as colorectal polyp. We excluded patients with a personal history of CRC and those with ≥10 cumulative polyps. We collected patient demographics, polyp characteristics, family history data and genetic testing results from the medical record. Discrete variables were reported as frequency and percentages and continuous variables reported as mean with range. A total of 42 patients underwent genetic testing due to a personal history of advanced adenoma. 17% of patients met current genetic testing criteria. All patients underwent multi-gene panel testing. Two patients (4.8%) had a germline pathogenic mutation (one in MLH1 and one in CHEK2). The patient with an MLH1 mutation met current criteria for genetic testing (PREMM5 score 5.8), however the patient with the CHEK2 mutation did not. Both mutation carriers had a personal history of synchronous or metachronous advanced adenomas. 38% had a variant of uncertain significance. 5% of patients with advanced adenomas in our retrospective series had a pathogenic germline mutation in a cancer predisposition gene. Though the patient with a pathogenic mutation in MLH1 met current clinical criteria for genetic testing, this was not recognized prior to referral; he was referred based on a personal history of advanced adenoma. Advanced polyps may be a red flag to identify patients who are at risk for hereditary cancer syndromes.
From Product to Process: The Rhetoric of Sustainability and Evolving Management Practice:

Business adopted a terminology of sustainability to defend, then justify, and finally explain practices that acknowledged resource limitations as inherent in the business environment. Tracing the r...
“We Need to Do Better by Kids”: Changing Routines in U.S. Schools in Response to COVID-19 School Closures

In March 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic forced schools across the United States to close their buildings and educational professionals transitioned to working from home. This paper explores how K-12 p...
Gentlemen, Bourgeois, and Revolutionaries: Political Change and Cultural Persistence among the Spanish Dominant Groups, 1750–1850

Part I. Careers, Business and Fortunes: 1. Introduction 2. Merchants 3. Bankers 4. Bureaucrats and professionals 5. Politicians Part II. The Museum of Families: Strategies of Reproduction: 6. Habitus, solidarity and authority 7. Kinship, friendship and patronage 8. Conclusion: rethinking the Spanish Revolution.
Capacities and Natures

There are many arguments for denying capacities entitative status, but as they stand they are insufficient. On the one hand, there is the “stimulus-response” model for capacities.1 The logical form of a capacity proposition is, on this model, a modal conditional proposition; its antecedent expresses an operation in certain circumstances and its consequent expresses a realization of the putative capacity. Unless the conditional is explicitly modal, it cannot be relied upon to support a counterfactual conditional. But a capacity proposition does support some associated counterfactual conditional. The modality must be that of necessity.
Parent-child relationships between food insecurity and eating behaviors

Objective: Anecdotal evidence suggests that parents protect their children from food insecurity and its effects, but few studies have concurrently assessed food insecurity among youth and parents. ...
Chasing the Wind: Regulating Air Pollution in the Common Law State

The Federal Clean Air Act of 1970 is widely seen as a revolutionary legal response to the failures of the earlier common law regime, which had governed air pollution in the United States for more than a century. Noga Morag-Levine challenges this view, highlighting striking continuities between the assumptions governing current air pollution regulation in the United States and the principles that had guided the earlier nuisance regime. Most importantly, this continuity is evident in the centrality of risk-based standards within contemporary American air pollution regulatory policy. Under the European approach, by contrast, the feasibility-based technology standard is the regulatory instrument of choice. Through historical analysis of the evolution of Anglo-American air pollution law and contemporary case studies of localized pollution disputes, Chasing the Wind argues for an overhaul in U.S. air pollution policy. This reform, following the European model, would forgo the unrealizable promise of complete, perfectly tailored protection - a hallmark of both nuisance law and the Clean Air Act - in favor of incremental, across-the-board pollution reductions. The author argues that prevailing critiques of technology standards as inefficient and undemocratic instruments of "command and control" fit with a longstanding pattern of American suspicion of civil law modeled interventions. This distrust, she concludes, has impeded the development of environmental regulation that would be less adversarial in process and more equitable in outcome.