cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The effect of leg flexion angle on the mechanomyographic responses to isometric muscle actions.

The purpose of this investigation was to examine the effect of leg flexion angle on the relationship between mechanomyographic (MMG) amplitude and isometric torque production. Adult males (n = 9) performed isometric muscle actions of the leg extensors at 25, 50, 75, and 100 percent maximal voluntary contraction (%MVC) on a calibrated CYBEX 6000 dynamometer at 25, 50, and 75° below full extension. A piezoelectric MMG recording device was placed over the mid-portion of the rectus femoris. At 25° of leg flexion, the MMG amplitude increased to 100%MVC. At 50 and 75° of leg flexion, however, MMG amplitude increased to 75%MVC, and then did not change significantly (P > 0.05) between 75 and 100%MVC. These findings indicate that the MMG amplitude-isometric torque relationship is joint angle specific and may be the result of leg flexion angle differences in: (1) muscle stiffness, or (2) motor unit activation strategies.
THE RELATION OF FLUORESCENCE POLARIZATION VALUES TO LECITHIN SPHINGOMYELIN RATIOS (L/S) IN AMNIOTIC FLUID (AF)

Fluorescence polarization (FP) measures the microviscosity of phospholipid micelles. The technique has been evaluated in both artificial solutions and in AF and its usefulness in determining gestational age and lung maturity examined. We have shown that in lipid dispersions of known composition and in amniotic fluid the FP value correlates directly with the L/S ratio. Gestational age was studied in 97 serial samples from 19 isoimmunized pregnancies. There was a significant change in slope of FP values vs. gestational age occurring between 29 to 35 weeks (mean = 31.5 wks). In single samples from 120 pregnancies a significant correlation was also found between FP and L/S Thus FP values correlate well with both gestational age and lung maturity. The determination of fluorescent polarization is precise with a coefficient variation of 0.48%. It can be performed rapidly (45 min)and is technically easy. This physical method therefore offers a great advantage over the currently available chemical methods. (Supported by NHLI HL-14218)
Vortex Ring Thrusters for Maneuvering and Control of Underwater Robots

Abstract Inspired by the natural locomotion of squid and other cephalopod, a new type of thruster was designed which utilized pulsatile jet propulsion to generate controlling forces. The thrust production from this device was characterized in a static environment and seen to be well approximated by a simple fluid slug model. A virtual vehicle simulation was developed to test the thruster with unsteady driving signals. Within this environment using a simple proportional derivative feedback control algorithm, the thruster/controller was observed to provide sufficient control over the vehicle performing large scale maneuvers. However, compensation is required for accurate small scale maneuvers due to a thruster time delay which is unmodeled in the simple slug model. +
“Love Your Fellow as Yourself”: The Interpretation of Leviticus 19:17-18 in the Book of Jubilees

Leviticus 19:17-18 has long been noted as possessing a significant role within the book of Jubilees. This paper examines the references to these verses, both explicit and via phrases alluding to the ordinance. Two specific aspects of the law are alluded to in Jubilees: “You shall not hate your kinsfolk in your heart” (Lev 19:17a) and “Love your fellow as yourself” (Lev 19:18b). The author of Jubilees understands the first as relating to peaceful coexistence, the second to malicious intent, specifically the intent to murder. This exegesis is consistent throughout Jubilees, as attested by the usage of fixed terms and idioms depicting the observance/violation of the law across various literary units.
Medical liability reform. A conceptual framework.

IN THE past decade, proposals for the reform of medical liability law have proliferated. These proposals have in some cases merged with the movement for the general reform of tort law generated by the liability insurance crisis that struck broad areas of business and professional enterprise during 1985 and 1986. The result has been the development of a wide variety of approaches to liability reform. This is, therefore, a pivotal time in the history of medical liability reform; the debate over medical liability has now evolved beyond a focus on litigation technicalities and into a fundamental reexamination of basic options. Different medical liability reforms, of course, would have different implications for a broad range of public policy considerations: health care providers' incentives, the quality of care provided, whether to rely more or less on governmental regulation of health care, systems of medical discipline, and the compensation of patients. For example,
THE FATE OF SODIUM NITRITE IN BACON

Using 1 5 N-labelled sodium nitrite cured pork bellies, with and without the addition of sodium ascorbate, we have attempted to trace the reaction pathways of nitrite in bacon. The depletion of nitrite, originahy at 156 ppm, was followed during the processing operation. Subsequent experiments during the storage of the 1 5 N labelled, sliced, vacuum packaged bacon showed the further depletion of nitrite in both the lean and adipose tissue portions, the lower nitrite levels being found in the bacon to which ascorbate had been added. The formation and depletion of nitrate was also noted. Analysis of the protein and lipid portions showed incorporation of 1 5 N into both. Mass spectral measurements showed that between 73 and 87% of the added 1 5 N remained in the bacon lean portion. The adipose portion contained much less 1 5 N, equivalent to between 20–25% of that added. A hot water extract of both lean and adipose fractions showed the presence of 1 5 N greater than the 1 5 N due to nitrite and nitrate. One effect of the addition of ascorbate was to force 1 5 N into water soluble compounds. Examination of connective tissue protein isolated from the adipose tissue portion showed incorporation of 1 5 N equivalent to 6 ppm NaNO2 in bacon without ascorbate compared to 2.5 ppm for bacon with added ascorbate. 1 5 N data also showed incorporation of approximately 25% of the added nitrite into the muscle proteins of both bacons, and incorporation of 10% of the added nitrite into the lipid fraction of the adipose tissue.
Consumer Religiosity: Consequences for Consumer Activism in the United States

In recent times, organizations have experienced consumer backlash as a result of decisions to support controversial causes. To date, little research has attempted to explain consumers’ negative response as a function of religion. This study addresses that gap in the literature and examines consumer religious commitment and Christian consumers’ conservative beliefs in the United States as motivating factors for consumer activist behavior and boycott participation. Findings from a national sample of 531 consumers suggest that consumers evaluate seller’s actions and form ethical judgments. These judgments are a major explanatory variable in consumers’ voice complaints, third-party complaint intentions, and boycott intentions.
A Surface-Based 3-D Dendritic Spine Detection Approach From Confocal Microscopy Images

Determining the relationship between the dendritic spine morphology and its functional properties is a fundamental challenge in neurobiology research. In particular, how to accurately and automatically analyse meaningful structural information from a large microscopy image data set is far away from being resolved. As pointed out in existing literature, one remaining challenge in spine detection and segmentation is how to automatically separate touching spines. In this paper, based on various global and local geometric features of the dendrite structure, we propose a novel approach to detect and segment neuronal spines, in particular, a breaking-down and stitching-up algorithm to accurately separate touching spines. Extensive performance comparisons show that our approach is more accurate and robust than two state-of-the-art spine detection and segmentation algorithms.
Evaluation of the Ability of Echocardiography to Measure Acute Alterations in Left Ventricular Volume

Measurement of acute serial changes in left ventricular volume is often desirable. Although left ventricular volumes estimated echocardiographically correlate well with results of angiographic methods, the sensitivity with which echocardiography can detect acute alterations in volume is unknown. Accordingly, the effect on transverse left ventricular dimension of interventions known to alter left ventricular volume (tilting and administration of nitroglycerin and phenylephrine) was studied in six normal subjects. Tilting significantly reduced end-diastolic dimension (from 48 ± 1.7 to 41.8 ± 1.5 mm, P < .01) and end-systolic dimension (from 32.2 ± 0.6 to 27.5 ± 0.8 mm, P < .001). Nitroglycerin also reduced end-diastolic dimension (from 44.8 ± 2.3 to 39.8 ± 2.1 mm, P < .02) and end-systolic dimension (from 30.2 ± 1.3 to 26.5 ± 1.2, P < .005). In contrast, phenylephrine increased end-diastolic dimension (from 42.3 ± 2.6 to 45.6 ± 2.6 mm, P < .025) but did not significantly alter end-systolic dimension (from 2...
Evaporative resistance and sustainable work under heat stress conditions for two cloth anticontamination ensembles

Abstract When a work scenario in protective clothing is a nominal two hours of work followed by a short break, the level of heat stress must be limited to conditions of thermal equilibrium. By comparing changes in maximum sustainable work rate in a fixed environment, differences due to different protective clothing ensembles can be determined. To illustrate this principle, two protective clothing ensembles were examined. The Basic Ensemble was a cotton blend coverall over gym shorts with hard hat, gloves and full face mask respirator. The Enhanced Ensemble added a light weight, surgical scrub suit under the coveralls, plus a hood worn under the hard hat. Five young, acclimated males were the test subjects. Environmental conditions were fixed at T db =32°C and T pwb =26°C. After a physiological steady state was established at a low rate of work, treadmill speed was increased by 0.04 m/s every 5 min. The trial continued until thermal equilibrium was clearly lost. A critical treadmill speed was noted at the point thermal equilibrium was lost for each ensemble and subject. The drop in treadmill speed from the basic to enhanced ensemble was 11%. Based on measured values of average skin temperature and metabolic rate at the critical work rate and estimated values of clothing insulation, the average evaporative resistances for the basic and enhanced ensembles were 0.018 and 0.026 kPa m 2 /W, respectively. Relevance to industry Protective clothing decisions are based on the need to reduce the risk of skin contact with chemical or physical hazards. Sometimes over-protection of the skin results in a hazard secondary to the skin, such as heat stress. With or without over-protection, protective clothing decisions may affect the level of heat stress and result in lower rates of sustainable work. This paper illustrates the affects of a relatively small change in protective clothing requirements on the ability to work in the heat.
Thermal Gradient Induced Current Recirculation on Load Change in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

This paper considers recent model results examining the transient performance of three common solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) geometries (cross-flow, co-flow, and counter-flow) during load reduction events. Of particular note for large load decrease (e.g., shutdown) is the occurrence of reverse current over significant portions of the cell, starting from the moment of load loss up to the point where equilibrated conditions again provide positive current. This behavior results from the temperature gradients that exist in an SOFC stack. Also reported are test results from an experiment employing two separate button cells coupled together electrically (anode-to-anode and cathode-to-cathode) which are used to confirm the model predictions. The test results confirm the predictions of the model in that temperature gradients are a driver for current circulation within a cell. Also reported are test results of a button cell operated under reverse current to help begin to identify what effects such operation may have on fuel cell performance and durability.Copyright © 2006 by ASME
The 29Si(p, d)28Si and 30Si(p,t)28Si reactions and the mixing of 1p hole and 2p particle configurations in 28Si

Abstract Levels in 28 Si with excitation energies up to 12 MeV have been investigated with the 29 Si(p,d) 28 Si and 30 Si(p, t) 28 Si reactions at an incident energy of 35 MeV. Angular momenta and spectroscopic factors have been obtained from a DWBA analysis of the angular distributions. Spin and parity assignments of 2 − for the 9.76 MeV level and (1, 2) − for the 9.93 MeV level of 28 Si have been established. The usefulness of the 30 Si(p, t) 28 Si reaction as a spectroscopic tool appears to be limited since states with unnatural parity were excited with similar cross sections as most natural parity states. The emphasis lies on a discussion of the negative parity states. Considerable l = 1 spectroscopic strength was found at energies close to the expected position of 1p hole states. Arguments are brought forward in favour of a 1p assignment to the l = 1 transfer. A strong mixing of 1p hole and 2p particle configurations is concluded for the negative parity states of 28 Si.
Cloud cover variations over the United States: An influence of cosmic rays or solar variability?

To investigate whether galactic cosmic rays (GCR) may influence cloud cover variations, we analyze cloud cover anomalies from 1900–1987 over the United States. Results of spectral analyses reveal a statistically significant cloud cover signal at the period of 11 years; the coherence between cloud cover and solar variability proxy is 0.7 and statistically significant with 95% confidence. In addition, cloud data derived from the NCAR Climate System Model (CSM) forced with solar irradiance variations show a strong signal at 11 years that is not apparent in cloud data from runs with constant solar input. The cloud cover variations are in phase with the solar cycle and not the GCR. Our results suggest that cloud variabilities may be affected by a modulation of the atmospheric circulation resulting from variations of the solar-UV-ozone-induced heating of the atmosphere.
Free Fatty Acids and Pathogenesis of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Plasma free fatty acids (FFA) might mediate the insulin resistance and impaired glucose tolerance associated with central obesity. Central adipocytes are resistant to insulin, suggesting that FFA delivery to the liver via the portal vein is increased when visceral triglyceride (TG) stores are increased. Muscle insulin resistance might result from the 'Randle' mechanism, from downregulation of the insulin signaling pathway, and/or reduced access of insulin to skeletal muscle owing to changes in blood flow or insulin transport across capillary endothelium. TG storage within muscle might interfere with insulin action, but a causal relationship between myocellular lipid and glucose disposal remains to be demonstrated. Basal levels of FFA appear to be permissive for insulin secretion; however, elevated FFA have a minor effect on insulin secretion in vivo. In humans, prolonged hyperlipidemia engenders an insulin response matched to the degree of insulin resistance, leaving open the question of whether lipotoxicity of islet cells contributes to glucose intolerance and diabetes in humans. Elevated portal FFA might account for overproduction of liver glucose output with visceral adiposity. Additionally, portal FFA might reduce hepatic extraction of insulin, diminishing the necessity of increased beta-cell response to compensate for FFA-driven insulin resistance. Overall, effects of FFA can lead to several components of the insulin resistance syndrome and risk for diabetes. Reduction in FFA might be the appropriate therapy for these disorders.
The Effects of Chloride Implantation on Pit Initiation in Aluminum

High-purity aluminum samples were implanted with 35 keV Cl + then polarized in both Cl - -containing and Cl - -free electrolytes in order to ascertain corrosion behavior as a function of Cl - content in the oxide. Implant fluence between 5 × 10 15 and 2 X 10 16 Cl + cm -2 resulted in little or no localized attack. Implant fluences of 3 X 10 16 and 5 X 10 16 Cl + cm -2 resulted in significant pitting in a Cl - -free electrolyte with the severity scaling as a function of implant fluence. The low variability in the pitting behavior of the 5 X 10 16 Cl + cm -2 sample suggests that this implant dosage results in a critical Cl - concentration in the oxide for pit nucleation. The passive current density (i pass ) decreased with increasing implant fluence. A space-charge effect is proposed to account for this phenomenon, although effects from defect interactions and possible oxide thickening are still under consideration.
Thought Disorder in Childhood

ABSTRACT Objective This paper delineates the evolution of the concept of thought disorder and presents a developmental/neurobehavioral theory of the main components of formal thought disorder in childhood-onset schizophrenia. Method A review of past and recent clinical, cognitive, and linguistic studies of thought disorder in childhood-onset schizophrenia presents the main features and changes in the thought disorder concept. Results The review emphasizes that, in the past, this term was used to describe a variety of clinical manifestations in a heterogenous group of children because of the lack of distinction between childhood schizophrenia and infantile autism. The studies that have been conducted during the past 15 years, however, have demonstrated well-defined clinical components of thought disorder and their cognitive/information processing, linguistic/pragmatic, and biological correlates. Conclusions A functional conceptualization of formal thought disorder in childhood-onset schizophrenia is presented in light of the theoretical and clinical implications of the reviewed studies.
Growth Parameters of Fully Crystallized YIG, Bi:YIG, and Ce:YIG Films With High Faraday Rotations

We report on the growth of thin films of yttrium iron garnet (YIG) on dielectric substrates. Such films have historically been challenging to grow due to either cracking or incomplete crystallization of the films. We have established the proper growth parameters by tuning seed layer thickness to an optimum of 45 nm. These films were then used as seed layers for growth of films of Bi:YIG and Ce:YIG. Bi:YIG films show a Faraday rotation of 1700 °/cm, and Ce:YIG films show a Faraday rotation of 3700 °/cm.
Scattering properties of a model bicontinuous structure with a well defined length scale.

Cahn's scheme for simulating the morphology of isotropic spinodal decomposition is adapted to a mathematical model of bicontinuous partitioning of space by interfacial pairs that may be useful for problems of microdispersed and microporous systems distinguished by a morphology with a well defined length scale, including surfactant films in microemulsions and coatings in porous media. Real-space and scattering properties are analyzed, and qualitatively the model accounts for the principal features of recent contrast variation small-angle neutron-scattering experiments on Winsor III type microemulsions.
High-throughput pesticide residue quantitative analysis achieved by tandem mass spectrometry with automated flow injection.

The use of automated flow injection with MS/MS detection for fast quantitation of agrochemicals in food and water samples was demonstrated in this study. Active ingredients from the sulfonylurea he...
Selection criteria for commercially available software in construction accounting

Abstract Construction companies have been trying in recent years to computerize their accounting activities. Potential users are faced with the difficult task of locating and selecting the software that best suits their particular needs. There is a multitude of software packages available on the market and yet potential users are in the dark as to what their needs are, what these packages have to offer, and which package best fits their requirements. Evaluation criteria that can be considered by construction companies in such a selection process are reviewed. A list of popular packages on the US market is also given, classified by their respective characteristics.
Conversion electron surface imaging

Abstract A method of imaging the Mossbauer absorption over the surface of a sample based on counting conversion electrons emitted from the surface following resonant absorption of gamma radiation is described. This Conversion Electron Surface Imaging (CESI) method is somewhat analogous to Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), particularly chemical shift imaging, and similar tomographic reconstruction techniques are involved in extracting the image. The theory behind the technique and a prototype device is described, as well as the results of proof-of-principle experiments which demonstrate the function of the device. Eventually this same prototype device will be part of a system to determine the spatial variation of the Mossbauer spectrum over the surface of a sample. Applications include imaging of variations of surface properties of steels and other iron containing alloys, as well as other surfaces over which 57 Fe has been deposited.
Multilayered linear dispersion codes for flat fading multiple-input multiple-output channels

The authors investigate the design of linear dispersion (LD) codes, aiming at flexible encoding schemes that allow various rate-performance tradeoffs under a common coding structure. First, the capacity of LD codes is studied. It is shown that the maximum attainable multiplexing gain of a linear dispersion code is the number of symbols per channel use of the code (i.e. coding rate in symbols). In addition, conditions on the construction of linear dispersion matrices for various multiplexing gains are established. A general multilayered linear dispersion coding scheme that allows various multiplexing gains is then proposed. In the proposed scheme, coding rate can be adapted by employing different numbers of dispersion matrices. Furthermore, phase shifting among input symbols is applied to optimise the error performance without loss of multiplexing gain. The construction of dispersion matrices and the optimisation of the phase shifts together constitute a structured approach for the design of linear dispersion codes. Simulation results demonstrate that the new codes outperform conventional LD codes at various data rates.
Signal detection in a lumpy background: effects of providing more information to the human than just raw data

In this paper we present a modification to the standard two- alternative forced-choice (2AFC) experiment in an attempt to help the human detect signals by providing redundant information. We call the old experiment 2AFC_RAW, and the new experiment, 2AFC_FILTER. In the 2AFC_FILTER experiment, we provide the observer with the pair of raw data images (as in 2AFC_RAW) plus filtered versions of the raw data. The thought behind this modification is that the human might benefit from generic pre-processing of the data into multiple images, each extracting different information. We defined two different 2AFC_FILTER experiments, each using Laguerre-Gauss functions as the filters. The difference between the two was their defining Gaussian envelope. We tested human performance given a variety of image classes with the 2AFC_RAW and the two 2AFC_FILTER experiments. The same raw data were used in each. We found that there was a significant human performance increase from the 2AFC_RAW to the 2AFC_FILTER experiment. It was also seen that the choice of the filters made a difference. Specifically, human performance was better when the Gaussian envelope of the Laguerre-Gauss functions matched the signal.
Stimulation of extracellular polysaccharide synthesis in oat protoplasts by the host-specific phytotoxin victorin.

The host-specific phytotoxin victorin (HV-toxin) stimulates mesophyll protoplasts of susceptible but not of resistant oat (Avena sativa L.) to produce an amorphous, ethanol-insoluble extracellular material which stains with Calcofluor white and aniline blue. Over a 24-h period incorporation of [14C]glucose into ethanol-insoluble products is maximally stimulated by 60 pg victorin/ml, whereas at 6 ng/ml initial rates of incorporation are higher but the protoplasts collapse. The extracellular material produced in response to victorin is solubilized by cold 4.4 N NaOH and by commercial laminarinase and pectinase. Incorporation of [14C]glucose into cellulose (material resistant to Updegraff's acetic-nitric acid reagent) is stimulated as much as incorporation into other wall polysaccharides, but cellulose constitutes less than 15% of the total victorin-stimulated incorporation. Synthesis of ethanol-insoluble material that can be digested by pronase, i.e. protein, is inhibited by victorin above 60 pg victorin/ml. Formation of extracellular polysaccharide is stimulated at concentrations of victorin which cause almost complete inhibition of protein synthesis, indicating that de-novo protein synthesis is not involved. Preincubation of protoplasts with inhibitors of RNA or protein synthesis prevents both extracellular polysaccharide synthesis and cell death in response to victorin. Although previous studies have indicated a link between calcium and the action of victorin, several compounds which interact with calcium do not influence this response to victorin.
Optical Time Domain Reflectometry For Local Strain Measurements

In recent years Optical Time Domain Reflectometry (OTDR) and, more generally, optical time delay methods, have been applied to measure optical fiber strain and elongation. These techniques have been recognized as having significant potential in the area of non-destructive testing and analysis of structures. However, limitations such as the lack of local strain monitoring capabilities and poor spatial resolution have kept OTDR based fiber optic sensors from becoming more popular in the Non-Destructive Evaluation (NDE) industry. Significant advances and improvements regarding these two main limitations have been achieved. Extremely fast OTDR systems which are capable of launching optical pulses with Full Width Half Maxima (FWHM) on the order of 100 ps and temporal stabilities of less than 2 ps have recently made spatial resolutions in the sub-millimeter range possible. Furthermore, techniques have been developed which allow quasi-distributed local strain sensing using a single optical fiber. Such systems rely on the physical segmentation of the fiber through the use of partially reflective air-gap splices which provide marker reflections. The positions in time of these reflections are individually monitored to obtain local strain measurements. In this report we present an analysis of such systems, and discuss experimental results obtained using a picosecond resolution OTDR. It is shown that it is possible to measure strain locally with a resolution on the order of 0.0001 m/m with a gage length as small as a few centimeters. A discussion on how to further improve upon the performance by taking advantage of reentrant fiber loop technology is also given.© (1990) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Fragrance material review on linalyl cinnamate.

A toxicologic and dermatologic review of linalyl cinnamate when used as a fragrance ingredient is presented.
Volume transition and internal structures of small poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) microgels

Monodispersed poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) nanoparticles, with hydrodynamic radius less than 50 nm at room temperature, have been synthesized in the presence of a large amount of emulsifiers. These microgel particles undergo a swollen- collapsed volume transition in an aqueous solution when the temperature is raised to around 34 °C. The volume transition and structure changes of the microgel particles as a function of temperature are probed using laser light scattering and small angle neutron scattering (SANS) with the objective of determining the small particle internal structure and particle-particle interactions. Apart from random fluctuations in the crosslinker density below the transition temperature, we find that, within the resolution of the experiments, these particles have a uniform radial crosslinker density on either side of the transition temperature. This result is in contrast to previous reports on the heterogeneous structures of larger PNIPAM microgel particles, but in good agreement with recent reports based on computer simulations of smaller micro- gels. The particle interactions change across the transition temperature. At tempera- tures below the transition, the interactions are described by a repulsive interaction far larger than that expected for a hard sphere contact potential. Above the volume transition temperature, the potential is best described by a small, attractive interac- tion. Comparison of the osmotic second virial coefficient from static laser light scatter- ing at low concentrations with similar values determined from SANS at 250-time greater concentration suggests a strong concentration dependence of the interaction potential. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 43: 849 - 860, 2005
Predicting rapid DUI recidivism using the Driver Risk Inventory on a state-wide sample of Floridian DUI offenders.

Abstract Background This project examined the ability of the popular DUI/DWI offender assessment instrument, the Driver Risk Inventory ( DRI; Behavior Data Systems, Ltd., 1985 ), to identify short-term DUI recidivists in a sample of Floridian DUI offenders who were charged with DUI between January 1st, 2008 and December 31st, 2009. The DRI provides a number of behavioral risk scales, DSM-IV substance abuse and dependence classifications, as well as measurement of demographic and criminal history characteristics. Methods Cox proportional hazards models were used to identify the demographic, criminal history, and behavioral characteristics most closely associated with the risk of rapid DUI recidivism. Follow-up analyses including ROC curves were used to further examine the ability of the DRI to identify short-term DUI recidivists. Results In the final model controlling for all variables, the DRI driver risk scale was the single strongest predictor of rapid DUI recidivism. The DSM-IV substance abuse and dependence classifications were also significant predictors of DUI recidivism. A number of the DRI risk scales and the DSM-IV classifications exhibited significant predictive validity and exhibited sensitivity in identifying recidivists similar to other popular DUI offender assessment instruments. Conclusions The DRI provides useful identification of DUI recidivists in a sample able to capture only the most rapid DUI recidivists. The results of this research warrant further examination of the DRI's ability to identify DUI recidivists using longer intervals of time between DUI arrests.
AXIOMS FOR LEXICOGRAPHIC PREFERENCES

This paper characterizes lexicographic preferences on a product set using axioms which avoid direct reference to the hierarchical importance ordering of the sets in the product. It is closely related to the paper by Plott, Little and Parks [8] whose Axiom 6 is similar to our Axiom 3 which isolates the non-compensatory nature of lexicographic preferences, and whose Theorem 1 foreshadows the main theorem below. Our starting point is identified by the following axiom.
The epidemiology of major depression and ethnicity in the United States

Abstract Objectives To determine the prevalence, age of onset, severity, associated disability, and treatment of major depression among United States ethnic groups, national survey data were analyzed. Methods National probability samples of US household residents aged 18-years and older ( n = 14,710) participated. The main outcomes were past-year and lifetime major depression (World Mental Health Composite International Diagnostic Interview). Major depression prevalence estimates, age of onset, severity, associated disability, and disaggregated treatment use (pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy) and treatment guideline concordant use were examined by ethnicity. Results The prevalence of major depression was higher among US-born ethnic groups compared to foreign-born groups, but not among older adults. African Americans and Mexicans had significantly higher depression chronicity and significantly lower depression care use and guideline concordant use than Whites. Discussion We provide concise and detailed guidance for better understanding the distribution of major depression and related mental healthcare inequalities and related morbidity. Inequalities in depression care primarily affecting Mexican Americans and African Americans may relate to excesses in major depression disease burden.
Effects of Pet and/or People Visits on Nursing Home Residents:

A previous study by the author supported the recently popular idea that live pet-visits increased desirable behaviors in nursing home residents such as smiling and alertness, but it also suggested that people-visits may be even more effective. The purpose of the present study was therefore to compare the effects of different visiting programs (people-alone, people-plus-pets, pets-alone and no visit) on the behaviors of nursing home residents (proximity, talking, smiling, ambulation, alertness). All three visiting programs of people-alone, people-plus-pets, and pets-alone increased the behaviors of smiling and alertness in comparison to control conditions in the nursing home lounge. Close proximity to the person-alone visitor was, however, associated with the greatest number of positive resident behaviors. Future research is suggested to examine the characteristics that make effective pet and person visitors for nursing home residents.
The significance of bioelectric potentials

Abstract A complete, operational system is proposed to exist in living organisms which controls such basic functions as growth, healing and biological cycles. The system is described in anatomical detail. It functions as a data transmission system in an analog fashion using varying levels of d.c. as its signal. The system interlocks physically with the nervous system and is postulated to be its percursor. There are two electrochemical links of great significance in the operation of the system. One is between the d.c. system and the nervous system; the other is between the d.c. system and all body cells. The concept explains all of the diverse effects reported for the biological effects of applied electrical currents including: electrical anesthesia, electrical growth control and electro-acupuncture. It also furnishes a testable hypothesis for predicting other effects that might be of clinical significance.
Modern sediment supply to the lower delta plain of the Ganges-Brahmaputra River in Bangladesh

Vibracores and auger samples collected from the lower (tidal) delta plain of the Ganges-Brahmaputra River in Bangladesh were examined to determine whether the area is a significant sink for riverine sediments. Measurements of 137Cs activity and radiocarbon in the sediments indicate sediment accumulation is taking place on decadal and millennial time scales at rates reaching 1.1 cm/year. The sediment of the lower delta plain is primarily derived from an offshore source after having originally been supplied by the Ganges-Brahmaputra river system, carried westward by prevailing currents and advected inland by monsoonal coastal setup and cyclonic events.
H2 and CO chemisorption on polycrystalline titanium studied by flash desorption mass spectrometry

We have used flash desorption mass spectroscopy to study the adsorption and desorption of H2 and CO from clean titanium at room temperature. CO flash desorption occurs predominantly from a low temperature state whose binding energy is 20.3 kcal/mole. H2 flash desorption is complex. Only one peak is observed; it is broader than flash desorption spectra normally corresponding to first or second order kinetics. The shift in the peak temperature to lower values with increasing coverage has been analysed using the isothermal desorption rate technique. The apparent order of H2 desorption is 1.5 and is independent of temperature from 888 to 1077 K. The activation energy is 21 kcal/mole. These results will be discussed in terms of absorption of H2 into titanium and thermal decomposition of a titanium hydride compound.
Peptide-induced suppression of collagen-induced arthritis in HLA-DR1 transgenic mice.

Objective To identify peptides capable of altering the immune response to type II collagen (CII) in the context of HLA-DR. Methods Immunizing mice transgenic for the human HLA-DRB1*0101 immune response gene with CII elicits an arthritis (collagen-induced arthritis [CIA]) that resembles rheumatoid arthritis. We have previously identified an immunodominant determinant of CII, CII (263-270), recognized by T cells in the context of DR1. To produce synthetic peptides with the potential of disrupting the DR1-restricted immune response, synthetic analog peptides were developed that contain site-directed substitutions in critical positions. These peptides were used to treat CIA in DR1 transgenic mice. Results An analog peptide, CII (256-276, N(263), D(266)), that inhibited T cell responses in vitro, was identified. When DR1 mice were coimmunized with CII and CII (256-276, N(263), D(266)), the incidence and severity of arthritis were greatly reduced, as was the antibody response to CII. Moreover, CII (256-276, N(263), D(266)) was effective in down-regulating the immune responses to CII and arthritis, even when administered 2 weeks following immunization with CII. Spleen and lymph node cells from CII-immunized mice cultured with CII (256-276, N(263), D(266)) in vitro produced increased amounts of interleukin-4 (IL-4) compared with cells cultured with the wild-type peptide, CII (256-276). Furthermore, CII (256-276, N(263), D(266)) was incapable of preventing arthritis in DR1 IL-4(-/-) mice (genetically deficient in IL-4). Conclusion These data establish that CII (256-276, N(263), D(266)) is a potent suppressor of the DR-mediated immune response to CII. Its effect is mediated, at least in part, by IL-4. These experiments represent the first description of an analog peptide of CII recognized by T cells in the context of a human major histocompatibility complex molecule that can suppress autoimmune arthritis.
Functional Interaction between JC Virus Late Regulatory Agnoprotein and Cellular Y-Box Binding Transcription Factor, YB-1

Human polyomavirus JC virus (JCV) is a causative agent of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy which results from lytic infection of glial cells. Although significant progress has been made in understanding the regulation of JCV gene transcription, the mechanism(s) underlying the viral lytic cycle remains largely unknown. We recently reported that the JCV late auxiliary Agnoprotein may have a regulatory role in JCV gene transcription and replication. Here, we investigated its regulatory function in viral gene transcription through its physical and functional interaction with YB-1, a cellular transcription factor which contributes to JCV gene expression in glial cells. Time course studies revealed that Agnoprotein is first detected at day 3 postinfection and that its level increased during the late stage of the infection cycle. Agnoprotein is mainly localized to the cytoplasmic compartment of the infected cell, with high concentrations found in the perinuclear region. While the position of Agnoprotein throughout the infection cycle remained relatively unaltered, the subcellular distribution of YB-1 between the cytoplasm and nucleus changed. Results from coimmunoprecipitation and glutathione S-transferase pull-down experiments revealed that Agnoprotein physically interacts with YB-1 and that the amino-terminal region of Agnoprotein, between residues 1 and 36, is critical for this association. Further investigation of this interaction by functional assays demonstrated that Agnoprotein negatively regulates YB-1-mediated gene transcription and that the region corresponding to residues 1 to 36 of Agnoprotein is important for the observed regulatory event. Taken together, these data demonstrate that the interaction of the viral late regulatory Agnoprotein and cellular Y-box binding factor YB-1 modulates transcriptional activity of JCV promoters.
Censorship: Who Needs It? How the Conventional Wisdom Restricts Information's Free Flow

L'A. montre comment, au-dela de la censure directe et officielle ou de l'autocensure apparente, la circulation des informations dans la societe peut etre restreinte ou empechee par les acteurs sociaux de facon quasi-inconsciente. Centrant son analyse sur le discours public qui tend a donner une image negative de la securite sociale aux Etats-Unis et qui favorise des politiques sociales conservatrices ou neo-liberales, il suggere que la diffusion d'une opinion conventionnelle (conventional wisdom, J.K. Galbraith), notamment a travers les medias, empeche le public de comprendre effectivement la realite. Cette opinion conventionnelle - des idees acceptables (et familieres) diffusees dans la societe - est notamment generee par les groupes d'interet et les mediateurs divers qui constituent les sources d'information publique, manipulant les medias et diffusant l'ideologie officielle par des campagnes de propagande largement financees.
Clinical Importance of the Interaction of Phenytoin and Isoniazid: A Report from the Boston Collaborative Drug Surveillance Program

Six (27 percent) of 22 hospitalized medical patients who received phenytoin and isoniazid concurrently for at least five days experienced toxic effects on the central nervous system (CNS). In contrast, only 30 (3 percent) of 1,093 patients who received phenytoin without isoniazid had toxic effects on the CNS. Thus, the risk of toxic effects from therapy with phenytoin is greatly increased among patients concurrently receiving isoniazid, probably because of isoniazid-induced impairment of the clearance of phenytoin. Schedules of dosage for phenytoin should be appropriately adjusted to compensate for this clinically important interaction of drugs.
Determination of molecular orientation in molecular monolayers by second-harmonic generation

A detailed comparison is given of several theoretical expressions commonly used in the determination of the molecular orientation in monolayers by reflection second-harmonic-generation measurements. The experimental data obtained from the Langmuir films of a hemicyanine dye are used to demonstrate that the deduced molecular-orientation angle depends sensitively on the linear dielectric constants of the monolayer. It is also pointed out that an unambiguous determination of the nonlinear susceptibilities of a monolayer by reflection second-harmonic generation requires measurements that use at least three different polarization combinations.
Towards hybrid online on-demand querying of realtime data with stateful complex event processing

Emerging Big Data applications in areas like ecommerce and energy industry require both online and on-demand queries to be performed over vast and fast data arriving as streams. These present novel challenges to Big Data management systems. Complex Event Processing (CEP) is recognized as a high performance online query scheme which in particular deals with the velocity aspect of the 3-V's of Big Data. However, traditional CEP systems do not consider data variety and lack the capability to embed ad hoc queries over the volume of data streams. In this paper, we propose H2O, a stateful complex event processing framework, to support hybrid online and on-demand queries over realtime data. We propose a semantically enriched event and query model to address data variety. A formal query algebra is developed to precisely capture the stateful and containment semantics of online and on-demand queries. We describe techniques to achieve the interactive query processing over realtime data featured by efficient online querying, dynamic stream data persistence and on-demand access. The system architecture is presented and the current implementation status reported.
Connectedness of PPI network neighborhoods identifies regulatory hub proteins

Motivation: With the growing availability of high-throughput protein–protein interaction (PPI) data, it has become possible to consider how a protein's local or global network characteristics predict its function. Results: We introduce a graph-theoretic approach that identifies key regulatory proteins in an organism by analyzing proteins' local PPI network structure. We apply the method to the yeast genome and describe several properties of the resulting set of regulatory hubs. Finally, we demonstrate how the identified hubs and putative target gene sets can be used to identify causative, functional regulators of differential gene expression linked to human disease. Availability: Code is available at http://bcb.cs.tufts.edu/hubcomps. Contact:fox.andrew.d@gmail.com; slonim@cs.tufts.edu Supplementary information:Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
The Ratio, Transmissivity/Storativity from Electric Analog Values of Streamflow

Relatively little work has been done using streamflow data as a means of estimating hydrologic parameters such as transmissivity and storativity. An approach to this problem utilizing the physical insight offered by electric analog modeling techniques has been developed with streamflow data from two small drainage basins in northwest Virginia. Streamflow modeling has produced regional estimates of the ratio of transmissivity to storativity, and results from each region indicate this ratio to be larger than expected. This discrepancy is resolved by assuming that the drainage basins contain only a small percentage of permeable rock, and this assumption suggests a further use of the model to estimate the percent of permeable rock in a watershed. The analog approach presented here shows potential for further development using digital computer methods.
The role of mitochondrial bioenergetics and reactive oxygen species in coronary collateral growth

Coronary collateral growth is a process involving coordination between growth factors expressed in response to ischemia and mechanical forces. Underlying this response is proliferation of vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cells, resulting in an enlargement in the caliber of arterial-arterial anastomoses, i.e., a collateral vessel, sometimes as much as an order of magnitude. An integral element of this cell proliferation is the process known as phenotypic switching in which cells of a particular phenotype, e.g., contractile vascular smooth muscle, must change their phenotype to proliferate. Phenotypic switching requires that protein synthesis occurs and different kinase signaling pathways become activated, necessitating energy to make the switch. Moreover, kinases, using ATP to phosphorylate their targets, have an energy requirement themselves. Mitochondria play a key role in the energy production that enables phenotypic switching, but under conditions where mitochondrial energy production is constrained, e.g., mitochondrial oxidative stress, this switch is impaired. In addition, we discuss the potential importance of uncoupling proteins as modulators of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production and bioenergetics, as well as the role of AMP kinase as an energy sensor upstream of mammalian target of rapamycin, the master regulator of protein synthesis.