cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The emergence and evolution of infant externalizing behavior

In the present investigation, we examined the developmental viability of the externalizing behavior construct spanning the period from 8 to 24 months of age. A sample of 274 psychologically aggressive couples was recruited from hospital maternity wards and followed from childbirth through 24 months of age. Mothers and fathers completed questionnaire measures of infant physical aggression, defiance, activity level, and distress to limitations at 8, 15, and 24 months. The developmental viability of externalizing behavior at each age studied was suggested by several results. Physical aggression, defiance, activity level, and distress to limitations reflected the operation of a single underlying externalizing behavior factor. In some cases, these individual facets of externalizing behavior became more strongly associated with one another over time. The externalizing construct exhibited remarkable longitudinal stability, with the stability of physical aggression and defiance increasing with age. The externalizing behavior construct was concurrently and prospectively associated with several factors in its nomological network (e.g., interparental conflict and poor parental bond with the infant). Our findings suggest that externalizing behaviors coalesce into a psychologically meaningful construct by 8 months of infant life. Researchers who seek to chart the emergence of the externalizing behavior construct may now need to look to earlier months.
Effect of Atrial Fibrillation Ablation on Gastric Motility The Atrial Fibrillation Gut Study

Background— Collateral damage to the vagal nerve and the upper gastrointestinal (UGI) system during atrial fibrillation ablation has not been systematically evaluated. Methods and Results— We performed a prospective, observational study assessing the effect of atrial fibrillation ablation on the function of the vagus nerve/UGI system. All patients underwent esophageal manometry, gastric emptying study, and sham-feeding test (corresponding to esophageal, gastric, and small intestinal function evaluation, respectively) before ablation (baseline) and subsequently at 24 hours, 90 days, and 180 days after the procedure. In addition, UGI symptom assessment using the patient assessment of upper gastrointestinal disorders–symptom severity index (PAGI-SYM) questionnaire was performed at baseline and during each of the subsequent evaluations. Of the 27 patients enrolled in the study, 9 (33%) patients had abnormal UGI function at baseline; defined as at least one of the 3 abnormal tests. At 24 hours after the radiofrequency catheter ablation, 20 (74%) patients had at least 1 new abnormality on the UGI function tests ( P <0.001). New onset esophageal dysmotility, delayed gastric emptying time, and abnormal sham-feeding tests were observed in 13 (48%), 13 (48%), and 9 (33%) patients, respectively. Mean PAGI-SYM scores increased from 7.78±6.6 at baseline to 15.56±13.4 ( P =0.002) at 24 hours. New onset abnormalities persisted in 9 (33%) patients at 3 months and normalized in all patients at 6 months. Conclusions— Atrial fibrillation ablation results in functional impairment of the UGI system, including the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine. This impairment is transient and is probably mediated by the injury to the components of the vagal nerve. Clinical Trial Registration— URL: . Unique Identifier: [NCT01396356][1]. [1]: /lookup/external-ref?link_type=CLINTRIALGOV&access_num=NCT01396356&atom=%2Fcircae%2F8%2F3%2F531.atom
Biologic activities of the contact factors in vivo--potentiation of hypotension, inflammation, and fibrinolysis, and inhibition of cell adhesion, angiogenesis and thrombosis.

Three plasma proteins, namely, Factor XII (Hageman factor), prekallikrein (Fletcher factor), and high molecular weight kininogen (Williams-Fitzgerald-Flaujeac factor), have been shown to be required for the activation of the surface-mediated pathway, or “contact system.” In vitro, such as in the activated partial thromboplastin test or on exposure to artificial surfaces, factor XII (FXII) is autoactivated to factor XIIa, which cleaves plasma prekallikrein (PK) by limited proteolysis into the active enzyme, plasma kallikrein (Fig. 1). In contrast, in vivo, high molecular weight kininogen (HK) binds to the endothelial cell surface associated with PK in a noncovalent complex. PK is activated by an endothelial cell cysteine protease to kallikrein which cleaves prourokinase to urokinase and factor XII to factor XIIa (Fig. 2). Thus, on cells, PK activation initiates the contact system, while on artificial surfaces, FXII is the initiating molecule. HK is also the substrate of plasma kallikrein, which cleaves to yield kinin-free HK (HKa) and bradykinin (Fig. 1). Although the genetically determined deficiencies of FXII, PK, and HK display abnormal in vitro plasma coagulation, none of these deficiencies is associated with a hemorrhagic diathesis. However, Factor XII, PK and HK display a wide variety of important interactions with other plasma proteins. In vitro, activated factor XII activates factor XI, factor VII and the C1 component of the complement system. Plasma kallikrein activates prourokinase (Fig. 1), prorenin, and factor XII, and cleaves HK, releasing bradykinin. Each contact protein interacts with blood and vascular cells. Factor XII downregulates a monocyte Fc receptor, releases IL-1 and IL-6 from monocytes and macrophages, and stimulates neutrophils, Plasma kallikrein activates neutrophils and potentiates fibrinolysis on endothelial cells. HK inhibits adhesion of neutrophils to artificial surfaces, enhances cellular fibrinolysis, and inhibits thrombin-induced platelet activation. Knowledge of these biochemical and cellular reactions has led to an understanding of the role of contact proteins in inflammation, fibrinolysis, cell adhesion, platelet activation and angiogenesis, and an appreciation of their participation in various pathophysiologic conditions. The molecular biology, structure and biochemical properties of FXII, PK and HK have recently been comprehensively reviewed. This review will focus on their participation in vivo in pathophysiologic processes including hypotension, inflammation, fibrinolysis, cell adhesion, angiogenesis and thrombosis.
Eighty Years of Ramsey R (3, k )…and Counting!

How frequently does an intriguing problem come up over lunchtime, only to have it solved the next morning? How many mathematical problems are seemingly intractable? Decades go by without a hint of progress. What a delight when a problem is worked on over many many years with progress occurring incrementally until it finally succumbs.
LOCALIZED OSTEITIS FIBROSA IN THE NEW-BORN AND CONGENITAL PSEUDARTHROSIS

Of these two cases of solitary localized bone lesions, which were either congenital or occurred in early postnatal life, one was a case of localized osteitis fibrosa of the proximal third of the tibia and the other was a typical congenital pseudarthrosis in the lower third of the tibia. Both cases resulted in fracture and non-union. Four similar cases have been reported in the literature. Three of these were described as cystic lesions. In the fourth case, there was no operative interference to demonstrate the presence or absence of cyst formation, and no fracture occurred. In Case 1, bowing of the tibia was noted, suggesting that this lesion may have stimulated longitudinal growth from the proximal tibial epiphysis so that the tibia became relatively longer than the fibula and bowed, due to lack of support on the lateral side where the defect in the bone was most extensive. Union was obtained, followed by normal function, through the use of full-thickness tibial bone grafts. Each of these cases adds support to the contention of Stierlin, von Beust, and Frangenheim that fibrous or cystic disease of the bone is the underlying cause of congenital pseudarthrosis.
Comparative response to premunization using attenuatedAnaplasma marginale, virulentA. Marginale andA. Centrale in different age groups

Premunizing infections using virulentAnaplasma marginale (VAM), attenuatedA. marginale (AAM) andA. centrale (AC) have been induced in46 mature cattle,33 intact calves, and38 splenectomized calves, for the purpose of comparing the relative response to these infections.
199 HYPERGLYCEMIA PREDICTS FAILURE IN PERCUTANEOUS INTERVENTION OF CORONARY CHRONIC TOTAL OCCLUSION.

Objective Hyperglycemia is known to be associated with increased morbidity and mortality in critically ill hospitalized patients. Although the presence of diabetes mellitus is associated with poor outcomes, we sought to determine the effect of periprocedural hyperglycemia on the success of percutaneous intervention (PCI) in coronary chronic total occlusions (CTO). Methods The study cohort included patients undergoing PCI to open CTO and symptoms of > 1 year9s duration. Fasting blood glucose levels were measured on the morning of the procedure day. Postprocedure success, contrast volume, and creatinine elevations were also recorded. Clinical events (death, myocardial infarction, repeat revascularization, and hospitalization for cardiac reasons) over 5 to 12 months of follow-up were recorded. Results Seventy-two patients, all men, mean age 64 ± 9 years, formed the study cohort. PCI was successful in 34 of 72 (47%) patients. Mean follow-up duration was 6 ± 2 months. Periprocedural glucose level was not a significant predictor for major cardiovascular adverse events (MACE) or a rise in creatinine (multivariate analysis controlling for contrast volume). However, fasting blood glucose was significantly lower in group with successful PCI (128 ± 36 vs 171 ± 52 mg/dL, p = .008). In multivariate analysis after controlling for presence of diabetes, contrast volume, and age, periprocedural hyperglycemia remained the only significant independent predictor of PCI outcome. Conclusions Periprocedural hyperglycemia is a powerful predictor of outcome for PCI in CTO of coronary arteries. Aggressive preprocedure glycemic control is likely to improve immediate success in opening CTOs.
Analysis of influence of outcrop height on overturning stability of dug foundations

In the case of mountain area and enhancing of conductor hanging height,The higher outcrop dug foundations more easily overturn and lost stability compared with the conventional foundation.The stability balance equation of dug foundation against overturning is established.Based on loading test results of different outcrop-height dug foundations in overturning moment and horizontal load conditions,the bearing characteristics and variation regularity of overturning rotation axis are analyzed.And combination of test results and theoretical research,studied the different outcrop height and embedded depth influence on overturning stability and horizontal bearing capacity of the dug foundation.The results show that the higher outcrop dug foundation is,the lower bearing capacity is.
High temperature superconducting cable initiated power transmission technology revolution

The advantages of high temperature superconducting cable, which can increase transmission capacity, lower the line loss and transmission cost, promote the stabilization of power system operation, save energy and protect environment were elaborated, the idea that development superconducting power technology is a Hi-Tech reserve of power industry in the 21 century was expounded in the paper. In China, we should rely on our own efforts to develop it for achieving leap development based on the introducing, digesting, absorbing foreign advanced technology for the purpose of promoting the level of technology reserve, efficiency and ability of protecting environment.
Information Transmission based on FY Series Stationary Satellite

Based on description of satellite communication for distant-sea-water operation of PLA navy and in-depth study of FY-2,FY-4 series meteorologic stationary satellites and its structure,flow,capability of information transmission,a tentative idea of information transmission based on multiple channels of these satellites’ UHF special transmitter is proposed.And finally the feasibility is demonstrated from six aspects of information transmission equipment assembly,information transmission capability,communication coverage,information transmission security,electromagnetism compatibility,expansibility,and some relatively typical application scenes are given.All this is expected to raise the capacity of PLA navy information transmission.
Glycogenic acanthosis of the esophagus: a form of benign epithelial hyperplasia.

Knowledge of the nature, significance, and prevalence of esophageal mucosal plaques is limited. Five patients with glycogenic acanthosis are described. The typical endoscopic, morphological, and histological appearances are illustrated. This lesion is characterized by focal hyperplasia of epithelial cells containing abundant cytoplasmic glycogen. The etiology of glycogenic acanthosis is obscure. There is not a clear relationship to smoking, alcohol, hot liquids, or acid reflux. Most esophageal plaques probably represent glycogenic acanthosis. Our observations suggest that it is unrelated to leukoplakia. It is especially important to recognize the nature of the lesion, since it does not appear to have the malignant potential of leukoplakia.
The influence of maternal care and overprotection on youth adrenocortical stress response: a multiphase growth curve analysis.

AbstractWe examined the association between two dimensions of maternal parenting style (care and overprotection) and cortisol response to an acute laboratory-induced stressor in healthy youth. Forty-three participants completed the Parental Bonding Instrument and an adapted version of the Trier Social Stress Test-Child (TSST-C). Nine cortisol samples were collected to investigate heterogeneity in different phases of youth’s stress response. Multiphase growth-curve modeling was utilized to create latent factors corresponding to individual differences in cortisol during baseline, reactivity, and recovery to the TSST-C. Youth report of maternal overprotection was associated with lower baseline cortisol levels, and a slower cortisol decline during recovery, controlling for maternal care, puberty, and gender. No additive or interactive effects involving maternal care emerged. These findings suggest that maternal overprotection may exert a unique and important influence on youth’s stress response.
Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome and Methylphenidate

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome probably caused by methylphenidate (MPH) is reported in a 1-year-old female infant treated at the Institute of Neurological Sciences, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Japan.
Xml query evaluation

XML is now widely used and management of XML data has become important. To this end, there has been work on the native management of XML data in a database to utilize the different capabilities of such a system like transaction management and indexing structures. At the heart of such a native XML database is the query evaluator, which provides access methods specifically tailored for XML data manipulation. The design of efficient access methods is the topic of this thesis. The most frequently used operation in an XML database is called structural join. Almost all XML queries contain at least one structural join. The structural join returns matches to a pattern from an XML document. We introduce a new efficient family of algorithms to address this task. These algorithms use a stack data structure that exploits the hierarchy of XML in favor of performance. We then develop variants that permit the combination of other operators, including projection, set difference, and universal quantification, with the structural join operation for greater efficiency. An important value provided by XML is the seamless representation of text and structured data. Querying the text with regard to the structure yields fast and accurate results. However, standard database query paradigms are not suitable for querying text. We introduce the TIX algebra for this purpose, and develop new access methods capable of efficiently computing and combining scores associated with intermediate results. In such applications, one is typically interested in only a few results with the highest scores. We develop new access methods to find results that score within a margin of error from the actual top results. These new access methods out-perform getting actual top results by at least an order of magnitude.
Cytohistologic correlation of recurrent urothelial carcinoma detected in urinary diversion specimens.

BACKGROUND Urinary diversion specimens from patients who undergo radical cystectomy are often submitted for urine cytology to screen for recurrent urothelial carcinoma. The objective of the current study was to investigate the frequency and cytohistologic features of cancer recurrence in diversion urine specimens. METHODS A 10-year retrospective review of archival urinary diversion specimens was conducted. For abnormal cytology cases, cytology slides were reviewed, and their cytomorphology and available corresponding histopathology were documented. RESULTS In total, 679 diversion urine cytology specimens were identified, of which 39 specimens from 25 patients (5.7 %) had abnormal cytology diagnoses. Seven of 25 patients (28%) had postcystectomy surgical follow-up, and 5 of them manifested with local recurrence. Among the patients who had local recurrence, 3 (60%) developed lymph node and distant metastases and subsequently died. Sites of tumor recurrence included anastomoses in 4 of 5 patients and the penile urethra in 1 of 5 patients. The diversion urine cytology slides in patients who had carcinoma revealed scant, well preserved urothelial cells either alone or in clusters with high-grade features, including eccentrically located, enlarged, hyperchromatic nuclei; irregular nuclear borders; and high nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratios. CONCLUSIONS The current data demonstrate that abnormal cytology in urinary diversion specimens is rare but, when present, can help to detect recurrent urothelial carcinoma. Careful examination of these specimens is warranted to screen for features of high-grade urothelial carcinoma among a degenerated cellular and sometimes inflammatory background. Cancer Cytopathol 2017;125:120–127. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Location of lesion determines motor vs. cognitive consequences in patients with cerebellar stroke.

Cerebellar lesions can cause motor deficits and/or the cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome (CCAS; Schmahmann's syndrome). We used voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping to test the hypothesis that the cerebellar motor syndrome results from anterior lobe damage whereas lesions in the posterolateral cerebellum produce the CCAS. Eighteen patients with isolated cerebellar stroke (13 males, 5 females; 20–66 years old) were evaluated using measures of ataxia and neurocognitive ability. Patients showed a wide range of motor and cognitive performance, from normal to severely impaired; individual deficits varied according to lesion location within the cerebellum. Patients with damage to cerebellar lobules III–VI had worse ataxia scores: as predicted, the cerebellar motor syndrome resulted from lesions involving the anterior cerebellum. Poorer performance on fine motor tasks was associated primarily with strokes affecting the anterior lobe extending into lobule VI, with right-handed finger tapping and peg-placement associated with damage to the right cerebellum, and left-handed finger tapping associated with left cerebellar damage. Patients with the CCAS in the absence of cerebellar motor syndrome had damage to posterior lobe regions, with lesions leading to significantly poorer scores on language (e.g. right Crus I and II extending through IX), spatial (bilateral Crus I, Crus II, and right lobule VIII), and executive function measures (lobules VII–VIII). These data reveal clinically significant functional regions underpinning movement and cognition in the cerebellum, with a broad anterior-posterior distinction. Motor and cognitive outcomes following cerebellar damage appear to reflect the disruption of different cerebro-cerebellar motor and cognitive loops.
Three or more preoperative injections is the most significant risk factor for revision surgery after operative treatment of lateral epicondylitis: an analysis of 3863 patients

Background This study was conducted to identify the rate of failure of operative treatment of lateral epicondylitis, defined as progression to ipsilateral revision surgery, and associated patient-specific risk factors for failure. Methods A national database was used to identify patients undergoing surgical treatment of lateral epicondylitis from 2005 to 2012. Patients undergoing concomitant procedures were excluded. Patients who then required subsequent ipsilateral extensor carpi radialis brevis debridement or release within 2 years were identified using similar methods. A multivariate binomial logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate patient-related risk factors for revision surgery. In addition, the number of preoperative injections (1, 2, or ≥3) in the ipsilateral elbow was identified and included in the regression analysis. Adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals were calculated for each risk factor. Results Of 3863 patients who underwent operative treatment of lateral epicondylitis, 58 (1.5%) required ipsilateral revision surgery. Risk factors for revision surgery included age P = .003), male gender (OR, 1.53; P = .017), morbid obesity (OR, 2.13; P = .002), tobacco use (OR, 1.87; P P = .009). Having ≥3 ipsilateral preoperative injections was the most significant risk factor (OR, 3.55; P P = .135) or 1 (OR, 1.15; P = .495) was not significant. Conclusions The incidence of failure requiring revision surgery for lateral epicondylitis in the studied population is low (1.5%). Risk factors for revision surgery include younger age, male gender, morbid obesity, tobacco use, and inflammatory arthritis. The most significant risk factor for revision surgery is having ≥3 ipsilateral preoperative injections.
Relationship Between Weightbearing Ankle Dorsiflexion Passive Range of Motion and Ankle Kinematics During Gait.

Background: Measurement of weightbearing ankle dorsiflexion (DF) passive range of motion (PROM) has been suggested as a way to estimate ankle kinematics during gait; however, no previous study has demonstrated the relationship between ankle DF during gait and ankle DF PROM with knee extension. We examine the relationship between maximum ankle DF during gait and nonweightbearing and weightbearing ankle DF PROM with knee extension. Methods: Forty physically active individuals (mean ± SD age, 21.63 ± 1.73 years) participated in this study. Ankle DF PROM with knee extension was measured in the nonweightbearing and weightbearing conditions; maximum ankle DF during gait was assessed using a three-dimensional motion analysis system. The relationship between each variable was calculated using the Pearson product moment correlation coefficient, and the difference in ankle DF PROM between the nonweightbearing and weightbearing conditions was analyzed using a paired t test. Results: The weightbearing measurement (r ...
Chromosomal abnormalities of high-grade mucinous tubular and spindle cell carcinoma of the kidney.

Introduction Mucinous tubular and spindle cell carcinoma (MTSC) of the kidney is a distinct entity characterized by bland tightly packed elongated tubules and spindle cells with low nucleolar grade in a basophilic mucinous stroma. Several case studies have reported MTSC with high grade features and have brought into question whether they represented MTSC or a variant of papillary renal cell carcinoma. Materials and methods We searched our pathology database and identified seven cases: six MTSC with high International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) nucleolar grade, and one MTSC with overall low nucleolar grade but extensive necrosis. DNA samples were extracted from paraffin blocks and analyzed using a SNP array platform. Results Six out of seven patients were female, with ages between 46 to 82 years. Tumour sizes range from 3 to 7.5 cm. One case showed involvement of renal sinus fat and a second case showed involvement of the perinephric fat. All cases shared common chromosomal abnormalities observed with the more typical MTSC, with monosomy of chromosomes 1,4,6,8,9,13,14,15 and 22. Trisomy of chromosomes 7, 17 and loss of Y chromosome were not observed in any of the cases. None of the patients showed evidence of recurrence or metastasis. Discussion The molecular analysis performed in this study support that MTSC of the kidney can have high nucleolar grade or extensive necrosis, and that they are not papillary renal cell carcinoma. We support modifying the definition of MTSC to include those with higher nucleolar grade. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Socioeconomic Status Mobility in the Modern World System: Growth and Allocation Effects

This research introduces a new measure of the socioeconomic status (SES) of countries to test assertions regarding a contemporary world-system in which mobility is scarce or altogether absent. Historical, country-level estimates of population size, income per capita, and educational attainment were used to construct a new time-series measure of SES for a constant panel of 74 countries and a larger, partially imputed panel of 149 countries. Correlation and contingency table analysis show that SES position in 2010 was highly dependent on 1880 position, though the degree of observed immobility is sensitive to the number of status categories and number of countries. The long-run trend has been toward greater mobility and a more open global stratification system that coincides with recent declines in between-nation income and education inequality. Although most high- and low-SES countries in 1880 were in the same category in 2010, countries in the middle of the 1880 global status hierarchy were exceptionally mobile over the ensuing 130 years. Population dynamics have played a fundamental role in structuring the global status hierarchy. Low population growth among high-SES countries, coupled with high population growth among low-SES countries, has contributed to substantial expansion and diversification of the high status club, which currently includes a large and growing number of non-western countries.
Autism Service Providers Report: Behavioral and Educational Interventions Used in Ethiopia.

ABSTRACTAutism has begun to attract both media and research attention across many developing countries. In Ethiopia, where there is limited attention to diagnostic processes and therapeutic interventions for children, the treatment for autism is widely misunderstood. This study examines the available behavioral and educational interventions currently implemented for children with autism in the Ethiopian capital of Addis Ababa, which is considered a progressive area of treatment in Africa. Survey data were collected from 80 helping professionals that included teachers, special needs educators, counselors, therapeutic care workers, and social workers. Results indicated that children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) who were enrolled in intervention programs received primarily (daily living) skill-based interventions delivered on an ad hoc basis rather than structured social, behavioral, and educational interventions. The children were underserved due to a dearth of available professionals, low number o...
Internet of Things: Solar array tracker

Due to economies of scale and advancement in silicon technologies, powerful computing platforms are ushering a new era in computing and connectivity. These platforms are sometimes categorized under the umbrella of Internet of Things (IoT). In this paper, one such platform is used to design and build an Internet of Things solar tracker. The solar tracker predicts the sun position for maximum power output, controls servos that move the cell, monitors the output of the solar cell, collects and processes raw data to infer information that can be sent to a remote station for further analysis. Similar solar trackers can be installed at solar farms to help in energy harvesting and management over a large geographical area. Solar trackers send processed information to a centralized location where further analysis provides energy utility companies with fine-grained energy harvesting and management capabilities; thus improving overall efficiency of energy generation and consumption.
The Impact of a Pediatric Shunt Surgery Checklist on Infection Rate at a Single Institution.

Background Shunt infections remain a significant challenge in pediatric neurosurgery. Numerous surgical checklists have been introduced to reduce infection rates. Objective To introduce an evidence-based shunt surgery checklist and its impact on our shunt infection rate. Methods Between January 1, 2008 and December 31, 2015, pediatric patients who underwent shunt surgery at our institution were indexed in a prospectively maintained database. All definitive shunt procedures were included. Shunt infection was defined according to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention's National Hospital Safety Network surveillance definition for surgical site infection. Clinical and procedural variables were abstracted per procedure. Infection data were compared for the 4 year before and 4 year after protocol implementation. Compliance was calculated from retrospective review of our checklists. Results Over the 8-year study period, 1813 procedures met inclusion criteria with a total of 37 shunt infections (2%). Prechecklist (2008-2011) infection rate was 3.03% (28/924) and decreased to 1.01% (9/889; P = .003) postchecklist (2012-2015), representing an absolute risk reduction of 2.02% and relative risk reduction of 66.6%. One shunt infection was prevented for every 50 times the checklist was used. Those patients who developed an infection after protocol implementation were younger (0.95 years vs 3.40 years (P = .027)), but there were no other clinical or procedural variables, including time to infection, that were significantly different between the cohorts. Average compliance rate among required checklist components was 97% (range 85%-100%). Conclusion Shunt surgery checklist implementation correlated with lower infection rates that persisted in the 4 years after implementation.
Aminolated and Thiolated PEG-Covered Gold Nanoparticles with High Stability and Antiaggregation for Lateral Flow Detection of Bisphenol A

The few lateral flow assays (LFAs) established for detecting the endocrine disrupting chemical bisphenol A (BPA) have employed citrate-stabilized gold nanoparticles (GNPs), which have inevitable limitations and instability issues. To address these limitations, a more stable and more sensitive biosensor is developed by designing strategies for modifying the surfaces of GNPs with polyethylene glycol and then testing their effectiveness and sensitivity toward BPA in an LFA. Without the application of any enhancement strategy, this modified BPA LFA can achieve a naked-eye limit of detection (LOD) of 0.8 ng mL-1 , which is 12.5 times better than the LOD of regular BPA LFAs, and a quantitative LOD of 0.472 ng mL-1 . This modified LFA has the potential to be applied to the detection of various antigens.
Evolutionary Science and Christian Belief in Progressive Era Political Economy: Adversaries or Allies?

Historians often make Christian belief and evolutionary science adversaries (as perhaps best exemplified by accounts of the 1925 Scopes trial), but Progressive Era American political economy allied Christian belief and evolutionary science. Leading progressive economists, notably the evangelicals attached to the Social Gospel movement, readily assimilated Darwinism to their religiously motivated project of economic reform. This essay argues that the progressive economists' merger of evolutionary science and Christian belief was made possible by the fact that the Social Gospel was itself already (in part) an accommodation to the implications of Darwinism, and that Progressive Era evolutionary science was protean, fragmented and plural, enabling intellectuals to enlist evolutionary science in support of diverse, even opposed positions in political economy.
Augmenting disjunctive temporal problems with finite-domain constraints

We present a general framework for augmenting instances of the Disjunctive Temporal Problem (DTP) with finite-domain constraints. In this new formalism, the bounds of the temporal constraints become conditional on the finite-domain assignment. This hybridization makes it possible to reason simultaneously about temporal relationships between events as well as their nontemporal properties. We provide a special case of this hybridization that allows reasoning about a limited form of spatial constraints; namely, the travel time induced by the locations of a set of activities. We develop a least-commitment algorithm for efficiently finding solutions to this combined constraint system and provide empirical results demonstrating the effectiveness of our approach.
Beyond the Standard Computational Method for Dielectronic Recombination of Atomic Ions

One of the first benefits from the development of heavy-ion storage-cooler rings1 for atomic and nuclear physics has been the high resolution mapping of the resonance structures associated with the dielectronic recombination (DR) of atomic ions. Much of this experimental data is of the highest quality and permits a detailed comparison with theoretical predictions based on computationally intensive solutions to the many-body and many-reaction-channel physics problem underlying dielectronic recombination. Theory and experiment have now been compared for H-like ions2,3, He-like ions4–8, Li-like ions5,9,10, Be-like ions11, and B-like ions11. For the most part the agreement between theory and the high resolution measurements has been quite good. The object of this short paper is to give the reader an idea of the physics included and the range of applicability of the so far successful standard computational method. We further speculate on various physical effects not included in the method which may be important in explaining remaining discrepancies and in guiding future experimental developments.
Transitions and Proof and Proving at Tertiary Level

This chapter discusses implications of the requirement that students become autonomous in understanding and constructing rigorous proofs when they transition to tertiary level mathematics. As they struggle with this requirement, students encounter various difficulties including: the proper use of logic; the necessity to employ formal definitions; the need for a repertoire of examples, counterexamples, and nonexamples; the requirement for a deep understanding of the concepts and theorems involved; the need for strategic knowledge of which theorems are important, and the importance of being able to read and check arguments for correctness. Beyond conveying proofs linearly in lectures, university teachers can employ generic proofs or structured proofs. Additional ways to teach include: transition-to-proof courses, communities of practice, the Moore Method, the co-construction of proofs, and the method of scientific debate. Resources developed to help university mathematics teachers include videos, DVDs, and written materials.
Suppression of Electrochemically Driven Phase Transitions in Nanostructured MoS2 Pseudocapacitors Probed Using Operando X-ray Diffraction.

Pseudocapacitors with nondiffusion-limited charge storage mechanisms allow for fast kinetics that exceed conventional battery materials. It has been demonstrated that nanostructuring conventional battery materials can induce pseudocapacitive behavior. In our previous study, we found that assemblies of metallic 1T MoS2 nanocrystals show faster charge storage compared to the bulk material. Quantitative electrochemistry demonstrated that the current response is capacitive. In this work, we perform a series of operando X-ray diffraction studies upon electrochemical cycling to show that the high capacitive response of metallic 1T MoS2 nanocrystals is due to suppression of the standard first-order phase transition. In bulk MoS2, a phase transition between 1T and triclinic phases (LixMoS2) is observed during lithiation and delithiation in both the galvanostatic traces (as distinctive plateaus) and the X-ray diffraction patterns with the appearance of the additional peaks. MoS2 nanocrystal assemblies, on the othe...
Feasibility and Effectiveness of a Mnemonic Approach to Teach Residents How to Assess Goals of Care

Background: Shared decision making is a collaborative process that allows patients, or their surrogates, and clinicians to make health care decisions together. There is an imperative to teach young physicians early in their training the importance of engaging in a shared decision-making process to define overall goals of care (GOC). The PERSON mnemonic proposes a structured format that allows providers to evaluate GOC across the spectrum of serious illnesses, outside of breaking bad news or end-of-life planning. Objectives: This study evaluated the utility of the PERSON mnemonic in training residents to have GOC with their patients, and investigated if these skills translated to the bedside with real patient encounters. Methods: First-year residents were divided into groups to participate in an in-depth education session. A pre-/postbaseline survey was administered immediately after the education intervention and approximately seven months later to assess retention and utility. Results: Thirty first-year residents were eligible for this study; 30 attended the educational sessions and completed the immediate baseline pre-/postsurvey and the seven-month follow-up survey, resulting in 100% retention rate throughout study. Residents found sustained utility in the mnemonic. It was significantly successful in increasing the knowledge and confidence level in exploring GOC. Patient-centered outcomes could not be analyzed due to low response rates and limited granularity of hospital-level data. Conclusion: The PERSON mnemonic is a feasible and useful format for teaching residents how to have a GOC discussion.
Impact of 3D effects on the characteristics of a multi-monochromatic x-ray imager

The multi-monochromatic x-ray imager instrument records arrays of time-gated spectrally resolved images of inertial confinement fusion targets. In the past, the image characteristics and spectral resolution of the instrument were estimated using a paraxial approximation and ignoring the substrate thickness of the pinhole array (PHA). In this work, we remove these two approximations to derive new analytic approximations and test them using a 3D ray tracing model. We show that variations in spatial resolution and transmission through the PHA are realized once the two approximations are removed simultaneously. A combination of the variation in pinhole transmission and solid angle gives rise to an image brightness modulation within the detector area. We also find a limit on the spectral resolution caused by an effective 2D dispersion from the multi-layered mirror and a spectral broadening related to spatial resolution. These findings enable better data processing and synthetic data for testing, and give further knowledge of the instrument’s characteristics and limitations.
[Mapping and cloning of GAD1-2 for long awn using CSSLs in rice (Oryza sativa L.)]

Rice is an important food crop in the world. The awn may protect rice seeds from being cut by birds, which is important in rice domestication, survival and diffusion. However, the characteristic of awn is gradually washed out during rice domestication and artificial selection. Mapping and cloning of rice awn genes is the basis of studying the genetic mechanism of awn domestication. In this study, 146 chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) derived from DongNanHui 810/ZhangPu wild rice with DongNanHui 810 as the recurrent parent were used to analyze the quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling the long awn of rice. The results showed that four CSSLs contained one QTL for the long awn. Using substitution mapping, the GAD1-2 gene was mapped between two markers (Ind8-10 and RM4936) on chromosome 8, with a genetic distance of about 4.75 Mb. Using the dominant individuals of segregating populations, the GAD1-2 gene was eventually located between two Indel markers, with a physical distance of about 27 kb, which contained only two candidate genes Os08g0485500 and Os08g0485400. Sequencing analysis showed that Os08g0485500 was the candidate gene of GAD1-2. Further analysis showed that there were six bases missing in the conservative ORF region, resulting in the absence of serine and cysteine that led to the long awn of the four CSSLs. The GAD1 gene was also cloned in this position, suggesting that GAD1-2 and GAD1 were allelic. This study laid a foundation for further understanding of the genetic regulation mechanism and genetic evolution of the awn gene in rice.
Las niñas mortíferas: pensamiento fantástico y animalidad en la poesía de Marosa di Giorgio y de Blanca Andreu

En las escrituras poeticas de la uruguaya Marosa di Giorgio (1932–2004) y la espanola Blanca Andreu (1959), la voz lirica dominante es la de una nina ‘mortifera’, que tiende a lo tanatico. En este ...
sureLDA: A Multi-Disease Automated Phenotyping Method for the Electronic Health Record

Objective: A major bottleneck hindering utilization of electronic health record (EHR) data for translational research is the lack of precise phenotype labels. Chart review as well as rule-based and supervised phenotyping approaches require laborious expert input, hampering applicability to studies that require many phenotypes to be defined and labeled de novo. Though ICD codes are often used as surrogates for true labels in this setting, these sometimes suffer from poor specificity. We propose a fully automated topic modeling algorithm to simultaneously annotate multiple phenotypes. Methods: sureLDA is a label-free multidimensional phenotyping method. It first uses the PheNorm algorithm to initialize probabilities based on two surrogate features for each target phenotype, and then leverages these probabilities to constrain the Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) topic model to generate phenotype-specific topics. Finally, it combines phenotype-feature counts with surrogates via clustering ensemble to yield final phenotype probabilities. Results: sureLDA achieves reliably high accuracy and precision across a range of simulated and real-world phenotypes. Its performance is robust to phenotype prevalence and relative informativeness of surogate versus non-surrogate features. It also exhibits powerful feature selection properties. Discussion: sureLDA combines attractive properties of PheNorm and LDA to achieve high accuracy and precision robust to diverse phenotype characteristics. It offers particular improvement for phenotypes insufficiently captured by a few surrogate features. Moreover, sureLDAs feature selection ability enables it to handle high feature dimensions and produce interpretable computational phenotypes. Conclusion: sureLDA is well suited toward large-scale EHR phenotyping for highly multi-phenotype applications such as PheWAS.
Conditional antagonism in co-cultures of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans: An intersection of ethanol and phosphate signaling distilled from dual-seq transcriptomics

Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans are opportunistic pathogens whose interactions involve the secreted products ethanol and phenazines. Here, we describe the role of ethanol in mixed-species co-cultures by dual-seq analyses. P. aeruginosa and C. albicans transcriptomes were assessed after growth in mono-culture or co-culture with either ethanol-producing C. albicans or a C. albicans mutant lacking the primary ethanol dehydrogenase, Adh1. Analysis of the RNA-Seq data using KEGG pathway enrichment and eADAGE methods revealed several P. aeruginosa responses to C. albicans-produced ethanol including the induction of a non-canonical low-phosphate response regulated by PhoB. C. albicans wild type, but not C. albicans adh1Δ/Δ, induces P. aeruginosa production of 5-methyl-phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (5-MPCA), which forms a red derivative within fungal cells and exhibits antifungal activity. Here, we show that C. albicans adh1Δ/Δ no longer activates P. aeruginosa PhoB and PhoB-regulated phosphatase activity, that exogenous ethanol complements this defect, and that ethanol is sufficient to activate PhoB in single-species P. aeruginosa cultures at permissive phosphate levels. The intersection of ethanol and phosphate in co-culture is inversely reflected in C. albicans; C. albicans adh1Δ/Δ had increased expression of genes regulated by Pho4, the C. albicans transcription factor that responds to low phosphate, and Pho4-dependent phosphatase activity. Together, these results show that C. albicans-produced ethanol stimulates P. aeruginosa PhoB activity and 5-MPCA-mediated antagonism, and that both responses are dependent on local phosphate concentrations. Further, our data suggest that phosphate scavenging by one species improves phosphate access for the other, thus highlighting the complex dynamics at play in microbial communities.
Mixed-Valent Copper Chalcogenides: Tuning Structures and Electronic Properties Using Multiple Anions

A series of mixed-anion copper chalcogenides have been prepared using solid-state methods including ACu4.2TeS2 (A = K, Rb, Cs), which adopt the KCu4S3 structure type. The mixed-anion motif has an e...
Diagnostic utility of (18)f-fluciclovine positron emission tomography (FACBC) in biochemically recurrent (BCR) prostate cancer (PCa) based on prior primary treatment modality for localized disease and the impact of FACBC findings on treatment selection.

34Background: Management of BCR PCa requires accurate assessment of location and extent of recurrent disease. FACBC has been shown to be a sensitive modality for detection and localization of recur...
DANGER! NO HIKING! Risky hiking decisions, framing of normative warning messages, and self-exempting beliefs

Abstract Natural resource managers are often dismayed that visitors disobey warning signs, which can contribute to accidents and injuries. This study examined whether normative content within signs as well as internal beliefs of the hiker predicted responses to warning messages. College students (N = 198) with recent hiking experience read four hypothetical risky hiking scenarios (e.g., getting too close to a cliff edge or bison) and were shown warning signs that varied norm type (injunctive versus descriptive) and framing (positive versus negative). Participants rated likelihood to hike and get hurt, and responded to scales measuring self-exempting beliefs and risk attitudes. Signs with descriptive norms and negative framing were most effective. Self-exempting beliefs were better predictors of likelihood to hike and get hurt ratings than risk attitudes. Results suggest that visitor safety might be enhanced by framing warning messages to include descriptive normative information and to target self-exempting beliefs.
School-Based Behavioral Health Service Use and Expenditures for Children With Autism and Children With Other Disorders

Objective:This study compared use of and associated expenditures for Medicaid-reimbursed school-based and out-of-school services for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and those with other psychiatric disorders.Methods:Philadelphia County Medicaid claims were used to identify children ages five to 17 who received behavioral health services through Medicaid any time between October 2008 and September 2009 (N=24,271). Children were categorized into four diagnostic groups: autism spectrum disorder (ASD), conduct disorder or oppositional defiant disorder (conduct-ODD), attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and other psychiatric disorders. Logistic regression analysis compared use of in-school and out-of-school behavioral health services between children with ASD and children with other psychiatric disorders. Generalized linear models with gamma distribution were used to estimate differences in Medicaid expenditures for in-school and out-of-school services and total Medicaid expenditures f...