cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Angel Sings the Blues: Josef von Sternberg’s The Blue Angel in Context

This essay reconsiders The Blue Angel (1930) not only in light of its 2001 restoration, but also in light of the following: the careers of Josef von Sternberg, Emil Jannings, and Marlene Dietrich; the 1905 novel by Heinrich Mann from which The Blue Angel was adapted; early sound cinema; and the cultural-historical circumstances out of which the film arose. In The Blue Angel, Dietrich, in particular, found the vehicle by which she could achieve global stardom, and Sternberg—a volatile man of mystery and contradiction, stubbornness and secretiveness, pride and even arrogance—for the first time found a subject on which he could focus his prodigious talent.
The impact of global health opportunities on residency selection.

An increasing number of medical trainees across specialties desire and expect Global Health (GH) experiences during training. It is useful for residency programs to know the impact that offering GH opportunities has on resident recruitment. The study objectives were to explore the importance of GH opportunities in residency selection among fourth-year medical students, examine the relationship between interest in GH and career plans, and describe students’ perspectives on prior GH experiences. The authors administered an electronic survey to all fourth-year medical students attending 12 different US institutions in February 2020. Data from the ten schools who were able to comply with the survey distribution methodology and with response rates above 25% were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Pearson’s correlation. A total of 707 fourth-year medical students from the included schools completed the survey out of 1554 possible students (46% response rate). One third of respondents ranked the presence of GH experiences in residency as moderately or very important and 26% felt that the presence of a formal GH curriculum was at least moderately important, with variation noted among specialties. After training, 65% of students envision practicing internationally in some capacity. A desire to care for underserved patients in their careers was significantly correlated with an interest in GH experiences during residency. The opportunity to be involved in GH experiences during training can be an important factor for many medical students when considering residency choice, and the availability of these opportunities may be a valuable recruitment tool. Students valuing GH opportunities during residency are more interested in working with underserved populations in their future careers.
Formation and re-formation of the architecture profession in China: Episodes, underlying aspects, and present needs

The formation and re-formation of the architecture profession in China largely conformed to three relatively distinct episodes. They were: the Republican and Nationalist period of early professional development, the first thirty years of the Communist regime under Mao Zedong, and the present period of gradual reform and opening up to the outside world that began under Deng Xiaoping. Each episode progressed from a radically different starting point from the preceding period, although through graduated steps of transition. Throughout, the interplay between the state and the profession was neither entirely one-way nor thoroughly controlling, except in a couple of instances when what might have been considered normal architectural production was suspended. Each episode of professional formation entailed a process of wholesale borrowing from a foreign source, but with either simultaneous or later tailoring to match prevalent indigenous conditions of practice. Often, there were strong ties between professional practice and architectural education, through which returning overseas-trained architects and academics became strong agents of change. Each episode of professional formation also took place against a backdrop of significant demand for urban reconstruction and building and was shaped accordingly. At present, it is difficult to say that the Chinese architecture profession has arrived in any fully autonomous and completely functioning sense, although considerable strides have been made during the past ten years. What remains are further reforms in architectural education, further restructuring of professional practice opportunities, and more transparency and accountability within the building industry of which professional activity is a part. Its also not clear, the way events are transpiring, that a self-regulatory, Western-style system of practice will necessarily materialize, in spite of a considerable amount of emulation.
Teacher Candidates’ Reflections on Responding to Errors: Exploring Their Vision and Goals

Responding to student errors is a complex practice that connects teachers’ vision and goals around students, mathematics, and teaching. We explore teacher candidates’ (TCs) reflections on responding to errors during rehearsals of whole-class discussion to gain insight into the vision and goals that might influence their thinking. We discuss five TCs’ assessment of their practice based on video-elicitation interviews to infer their vision around responding to errors and their associated goals for practice. In particular, we attend to how their vision and goals interact in shaping TCs’ reflections on practice. This work offers implications for considering TC development and support.
Pain-related disability and opioid use in a sample of young adults with current pain: The explanatory role of distress tolerance.

Objective: The current study examined the mediating role of distress tolerance on the association between pain-related disability and addiction to opioids, past-month opioid use, and risky opioid u...
Confronting the Three Apprenticeships

This is my chapter contribution to Jones, Lewis, & Reffitt, Towards Human Flourishing: Character, Practical Wisdom, and Professional Formation (Macon, Mercer Univ. Press, 2013). In it, and as the title says, I "confront" the "three apprentices" model of professional formation offered in the Carnegie Report and, most notably, by William M. Sullivan. Drawing upon the work of Michael Polanyi, I argue that the thinking this model encourages for the third apprenticeship is thinking that already occurs, and must already occur, in both of the previous ones. To think otherwise is to make the positivist's mistake of believing that there can be a clear distinction between fact and value, a mistake which makes a mockery of the very idea of a professional practice. Our current teaching is necessarily already holistic; it already and of necessarily "integrates" all learning withing the practice, although we seldom notice that it does, and the "first apprenticeship," in Sullivan's terms, always necessarily presupposes the second and the third -- it is, in fact, already teleologically driven in terms of the practice's ideal. Once this critique of the "three apprenticeships" is in place, it allows us to see that Sullivan's "citizenship" claim for the "third apprenticeship" is, in fact, just another failed attempt to avoid recognizing that the practice itself makes a moral claim upon us, an attempt which renders our practice morally incoherent. The chapter ends with a brief discussion of moral identities, returning to themes I have argued before.
Constraint-Based Random Search for Solving Spacecraft Downlink Scheduling Problems

This paper introduces a combinatorial optimisation problem called the Mars Express Memory Dumping Problem (Mex-Mdp), which arises in the European Space Agency programme Mars Express. The domain is characterized by complex constraints concerning bounded on-board memory capacities, limited communication windows over the downlink channels, deadlines and ready times imposed by the scientists using the spacecraft instruments. This paper lays out the problem and analyses its computational complexity showing that Mex-Mdp is NP-hard. Then the problem is modelled as a Constraint Satisfaction Problem and two different heuristic strategies for its solution are presented: a core greedy constraint-based procedure and an iterative sampling strategy based on random search. The algorithms are evaluated both against a benchmark set created on the basis of ESA documentation and a lower bound of the minimised objective function. Experimental results show the overall effectiveness of the approach.
Our World is Moving from Fragmentation to Integration

Our world today is more and more moving from fragmentation to integration becoming better unified and interactive in its economics, information sharing, travel, diplomacy, and in medical knowledge and instruments and the importance of health care and even in waging wars. There is more freedom for individuals to express themselves. It is by having a one world view that we will be able to make the best decisions. As more people express themselves, they need a way to make decisions together.Â Conflicts can be resolved rationally and peacefully if concessions can be traded off and by using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) which allows for the measurement of intangibles alongside tangibles better decisions can be made about the tradeoffs.http://dx.doi.org/10.13033/ijahp.v5i1.183
Developing and teaching IS97.2: personal productivity with information technology

It is common for university students either to have introductory skills in the basic desktop software packages or to obtain these skills by self-study modules or short courses. What students lack is an understanding of how to use desktop packages effectively to improve their productivity. This is the missing link in the curriculum. This tutorial describes one solution: the IS’97.2 course on Personal Productivity with Information Technology. An appendix presents a sample lesson used with this course.
Interaction of mtTFB and mtRNA Polymerase at Core Promoters for Transcription of Xenopus laevis mtDNA

Transcription of Xenopus laevis mitochondrial DNA requires mtRNA polymerase and a dissociable factor, xl-mtTFB, that is distinct from the HMG-box factor known as mtTFA. This paper presents the purification of mtTFB and characterizes its DNA binding properties. xl-mtTFB activity copurifies with a 40-kDa polypeptide on silver-stained protein gels. Activity can be recovered following elution of this 40-kDa polypeptide from an SDS-polyacrylamide gel. xl-mtTFB is capable of binding to DNA, but this binding is relatively nonspecific and is easily competed by heterologous DNA.
The Heartbreak of the Place: Space, Religion and Politics in Post-9/11 Mosque Controversies

In recent years, there have been a series of public controversies related to construction of Islamic worship spaces in the U.S. One of these controversies, surrounding a proposal for an Islamic community center in New York City known as Park51, dominated media coverage for several weeks in the summer of 2010 and is one of several high-profile mosque-building debates in the U.S. Another contentious debate occurred in the community of Temecula, Calif. These controversies represent the still-uncertain place Islam holds in the American public sphere. Using framing theory, this article considers the ways in which Islam is portrayed in news media content by political actors and the potential consequences of such framing. Language: en
The sequence and transcript heterogeneity of the yeast gene ALG1, an essential mannosyltransferase involved in N-glycosylation

The yeast gene ALG1 encodes a mannosyltransferase which participates in the formation of the lipid-linked precursor oligosaccharide for N-glycosylation by catalyzing the formation of dolichol pyrophosphate (Dol-PP)-GlcNAc2Man from GDP-Man and Dol-PP-Glc-NAc2. The DNA region including the ALG1 gene was sequenced and found to contain an open reading frame of 1347 bases. The predicted ALG1 protein contained 449 amino acids (51.9 kDa) with a hydrophobic region near the amino terminus, suggesting it was an integral membrane protein, and four potential sites for N-glycosylation. Disruption of the ALG1 open reading frame by insertion of the URA3 gene showed that the ALG1 gene was essential for viability. Northern analysis and transcript protection showed that the ALG1 gene was transcribed into two classes of messages which differed by about 100 bases at their 5' end and shared a common 3' end. In actively growing cells the short transcript predominated, but as growth slowed the long transcript was more prevalent. The short transcript was predicted to encode the ALG1 protein while the long transcript was predicted to encode a 74-amino acid protein of unknown function. Disruption of the 74-amino acid reading frame, which ended 42 bases upstream of the potential start codon for the ALG1 protein, showed it was not essential for viability.
Long-term Depression and Depotentiation

Long-term depression and depotentiation are activity-dependent processes that weaken synapses. These processes are thought to work together with long-term potentiation to encode memory. Keywords: long-term potentiation; depotentiation; learning; metabotropic glutamate receptor; glutamate receptor
Performance of Denitrifying Stormwater Biofilters Under Intermittent Conditions

Abstract Denitrifying stormwater biofiltration systems that include submerged zones containing organic carbon sources can alleviate eutrophication by reducing nitrogen loadings from stormwater runoff. The objective of this research was to evaluate performance of denitrifying biofilters containing wood chip medium under varying dynamic loading rates and antecedent dry conditions (ADCs). Results showed that during ADCs, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations increased in pore water due to dissolution of the wood chip medium. During a storm event, nitrate (NO3−) removal was enhanced due to high pore water DOC concentrations and mixing of NO3− from the influent with pore water; however, as DOC was gradually flushed out of the biofilter, higher effluent NO3− concentrations were observed over time. At lower hydraulic loading rates, effluent NO3− concentrations were low due to sufficient hydraulic residence time for denitrification. For all storm events tested, an overall NO3− mass removal efficiency of 8...
Clinical chemistry education in the United States

Entrance into a clinical chemistry career in the US can be obtained through a variety of avenues, ranging from very formal to no formal training requirements. A frequent starting point is through a formal medical technology program at the baccalaureate level. Nonphysicians, interested in an advanced career, have also the option to choose their point of entrance through a formal graduate or postdoctoral program. The main source for obtaining a Master of Science or Doctoral degree with a major in the clinical laboratory sciences, is through Departments of Pathology. Physicians desiring to subspecialize in clinical chemistry can obtain some of the training through a residency program in Pathology. Clinical chemistry is an essential component of both the clinical pathology (CP) residency and the combined residencies in anatomic and clinical pathology (AP/CP). In addition, fellowships in clinical chemistry are available for graduates with doctorate degrees in the chemical and biological sciences as well as for physicians with laboratory experience.
The effect of high temperature interruptions during inductive period on the extent of flowering and on metabolic responses in olives (Olea europaea L.)

Abstract The effect of the duration of high temperature interruption and the timing of its occurrence during inductive period on the extent of inhibition of inflorescence production in ‘Arbequina’ olive trees was investigated. Trees kept under inductive conditions in different growth chambers were subjected to high daytime temperature (26 ± 1 °C) interruptions for 3, 6, and 12 days. There was no significant difference in the extent of flowering between trees given an uninterrupted induction period and the trees where inductive period was interrupted with high daytime temperatures for three days. Inflorescence production was significantly reduced by both 6 and 12 days high temperature interruptions. Number of flowers per inflorescence was significantly reduced only with 12 days high temperature interruption. Since there was no significant difference between the extent of inhibition of inflorescence by 6 and 12 days high temperature interruption, therefore, 6 days high temperature interruption was used in subsequent experiments to study the effect of timing of interruption. A six day interruption of high temperature produced significant reduction (more than 83%) in inflorescence production irrespective of the time of interruption (i.e., 40 or 50 days after the start of induction) or number of interruptions. None of these treatments had any significant effect on the number of flowers per inflorescence. Higher levels of free arginine were found in trees that had greatest number of inflorescences produced under inductive conditions without any high temperature interruption.
O-glycosylation modulates integrin and FGF signalling by influencing the secretion of basement membrane components

Extracellular microenvironments have crucial roles in modulating cell interactions during development. Here we discover that a conserved protein modification (O-glycosylation) influences extracellular matrix composition during mammalian organogenesis, affecting integrin signalling and fibroblast growth factor-mediated cell proliferation. Specifically, mice deficient for an enzyme (Galnt1) that adds sugars to proteins during early stages of organogenesis resulted in intracellular accumulation of major basement membrane proteins and endoplasmic reticulum stress, with resultant effects on fibroblast growth factor signalling, epithelial cell proliferation and organ growth. Exogenous addition of basement membrane components rescued fibroblast growth factor signalling and the growth defects in a β1-integrin-dependent manner. Our work demonstrates for the first time that O-glycosylation influences the composition of the extracellular matrix during mammalian organ development, influencing specific aspects of the endoplasmic reticulum stress response, cell signalling, cell proliferation and organ growth. Our work provides insight into the role of this conserved protein modification in both development and disease.
HEPATIC ULTRASONOGRAPHIC AND PATHOLOGIC FINDINGS IN DOGS WITH CANINE SURPERFICIAL NECROLYTIC DERMATITIS

A unique, “honeycomb” pattern was found on ultrasonographic evaluation of the liver of 5 dogs with canine superficial necrolytic dermatitis (hepatocutaneous syndrome). This pattern consisted of variably-sized, hypoechoic regions measuring 0.5–1.5 cm in diameter surrounded by highly echogenic borders. Histologically, the hypoechoic regions corresponded to distinct regenerative nodules bounded by severely vacuolated (fat-laden) hepatocytes, numerous bile ductules, and a network of reticulin and fine collagen fibers representing remnants of collapsed hepatic lobules. While certain features of the architectural disruption were characteristic of cirrhosis, the lesion lacked the extensive fibrosis and reduced liver size usually associated with chronic cirrhosis. To our knowledge, this hepatic ultrasonographic pattern has only been seen with canine superficial necrolytic dermatitis. Therefore, it appears to be pathognomonic in a dog with questinable skin lesions. A liver biopsy is required to confirm the unique histopathologic features of the hepatopathy found in this syndrome.
On complexity of subset interconnection designs

Given a setX and subsetsX1,...,Xm, we consider the problem of finding a graphG with vertex setX and the minimum number of edges such that fori=1,...,m, the subgraphGi; induced byXi is connected. Suppose that for anyα pointsx1,...,xαe X, there are at mostβXi 's containing the set {x1,...,xα}. In the paper, we show that the problem is polynomial-time solvable for (α ⩽ 2,β ⩽ 2) and is NP-hard for (α⩾3,β=1), (α=l,β⩾6), and (α⩾2,β⩾3).
Nonlinear histogram binning for quantitative analysis of lung tissue fibrosis in high-resolution CT data

Diffuse lung diseases, such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), can be characterized and quantified by analysis of volumetric high resolution CT scans of the lungs. These data sets typically have dimensions of 512 x 512 x 400. It is too subjective and labor intensive for a radiologist to analyze each slice and quantify regional abnormalities manually. Thus, computer aided techniques are necessary, particularly texture analysis techniques which classify various lung tissue types. Second and higher order statistics which relate the spatial variation of the intensity values are good discriminatory features for various textures. The intensity values in lung CT scans range between [-1024, 1024]. Calculation of second order statistics on this range is too computationally intensive so the data is typically binned between 16 or 32 gray levels. There are more effective ways of binning the gray level range to improve classification. An optimal and very efficient way to nonlinearly bin the histogram is to use a dynamic programming algorithm. The objective of this paper is to show that nonlinear binning using dynamic programming is computationally efficient and improves the discriminatory power of the second and higher order statistics for more accurate quantification of diffuse lung disease.
HELIUM SEPARATION BY CELLULOSE ACETATE MEMBRANES

Abstract : The pure gas permeabilities of helium, nitrogen and methane were measured through a cellulose acetate membrane at pressures up to 70 atm. (Author)
The Impact of Diet on Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Individuals with Spinal Cord Injury

The prevalence of chronic disease has increased as individuals with spinal cord injuries (SCIs) experience longer survival. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of their morbidity and mortality. A necessary component of any CVD prevention is a healthy diet. This can be especially challenging for persons experiencing body composition changes, low resting metabolic rates, functional impairments, and barriers to healthy living; together these comprise an obesogenic environment. This monograph will discuss critical features of a healthy diet and dietary interventions providing risk reduction after SCI. If well designed and appropriately supported, diet can make a significant contribution to CVD prevention.
The Voluntary Exchange Theory of Public Economy

I. The voluntary exchange theory: exposition, 214 — II. Discussion: (1) the underlying assumptions, 218; (2) the nature of the pricing process implied, 221; (3) the voluntary exchange theory as a solution to the problem of justice in taxation, 226; (4) the neutrality condition as criterion for the conduct of the revenue-expenditure process, 228; summary of objections, 231 — III. The planning interpretation of public economy as an alternative approach, 232. — The planning decisions, 232. — The social value scale predetermined, 233. — The analysis of direct and indirect effects, 234.
Crossing the 50 Percent Population Rubicon: Can China Urbanize to Prosperity?

A U.S. geographer and noted authority on China's urbanization reacts to the historic change in the country's 2012 population (breaking the 50 percent urban threshold) by challenging the popular narrative that equates China's advancing urbanization with a forthcoming consumption boom fueled by a burgeoning middle class. Through a penetrating analysis of China's recent urban population and hukou statistics at both the national and local levels (and employing a hukou population series rarely utilized by Western specialists), the author argues that "rural migrant workers," a group popularly presumed to act as a major driver of China's consumption in coming decades, actually have played only a minor role in the process to date. Rather he demonstrates that much of the recent urban growth, including growth in the "nonagricultural population" (a group whose access to pension, health care, and other social security benefits best positions it to assume the role of a mass-consuming middle class), is due not to the g...
Effects of Optical Flow and Discrete Warnings on Deceleration Detection during Car Following

Tau specifies time-to-contact between a driver and a lead car, and is potentially useful to prevent rear-end collisions. However, studies suggest that time-to-contact judgments are based on multiple information sources and that effective information varies with distance. We focused on three questions: Does a driver's response to a lead car's deceleration occur when the car's optical size, expansion rate, or tau reaches a “critical” value? Does effective information differ for near and far lead cars? Is a driver's response affected by discrete warnings (brake lights and auditory warnings) that occur independently of optical flow information? Results suggested that responses were not based on a critical value of the optical parameters considered here, and were affected by discrete warnings. Further, effective information varied with the distance and deceleration rate of the lead car. Results were consistent with prior proposals that advanced brake warning systems and collision-avoidance warning systems can ...
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone increases the amount of surfactant in lung lavage from fetal rabbits.

Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone Increases the Amount of Surfactant in Lung Lavage from Fetal Rabbits
Vector optimization and generalized Lagrangian duality

In this paper, foundations of a new approach for solving vector optimization problems are introduced. Generalized Lagrangian duality, related for the first time with vector optimization, provides new scalarization techniques and allows for the generation of efficient solutions for problems which are not required to satisfy any convexity assumptions.
Relatively prime polynomial matrices: Algorithms

In this paper, the problem of obtaining a pair of relatively prime polynomial matrices from two given polynomial matrices is considered. A method to check relative primeness, in the form of a rank condition on a constant matrix, as well as an algorithm to obtain relatively polynomial matrices is developed.
Corporate governance and environmental performance and disclosures

Abstract In this study the relationships between good corporate governance practices and environmental performance and disclosure are examined. Firms that are among the major emitters of toxic emissions in the United States comprise the sample for the study. Pollution performance is measured using a methodology that includes both the toxicology of the emissions and the population density of the community. A corporate governance measure and a pollution disclosure evaluation that were previously presented in the accounting literature are utilized in the study to validate the main performance measure. The findings indicate that there is no relationship between good governance and good pollution performance. Additionally good governance is positively related to pollution disclosure while the correlation does not hold when governance was improved by SOX. The overall findings support legitimacy theory. This may indicate that the story about pollution performance is better than the actual outcome.
Urinary Potassium Excretion: Can It Predict the Onset of Hypertension?

See related article, pp 769–776 There are multiplicities of factors that have been proffered as physiological/dietary prompts for the new onset of hypertension. Such physiological factors generally center on changes in volume homeostasis, an excess of sympathetic nervous system activity, or either relative or absolute increases in various components of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system; however, population-based screening for changes in neurohumoral and volume-related factors associated with the new onset of hypertension is rarely done in clinical practice and for the most part, when attempted, has been sparingly predictive. Alternatively, at the individual patient level, the good clinician by virtue of an oftentimes thoughtfully applied algorithmic approach to treatment and simple neurohumoral testing can in a post hoc manner uncover the pathobiologic prompt to a newly developed hypertensive state. Dietary factors actively involved in the genesis of hypertension have, however, received much more play because large population-based studies can be more readily initiated and outcomes tracked in a more longitudinally revealing manner. Of the many dietary factors invoked as causal in new-onset hypertension, sodium, potassium, magnesium, and calcium have been most commonly advanced as potentially etiologic and worthy of study. The details of many of these dietary studies have oftentimes been methodologically convoluted in that they have commonly relied on estimates of nutrient excretion or either spot or 12-hour overnight urine collections of these same nutrient cations and thus have been subject to critique based on the implied nature of the …
2-ps Hard X-Ray Streak Camera Measurements at Sector 7 Beamline of the Advanced Photon Source

A hard X-ray streak camera capable of 2-ps time resolution is in operation at the Sector 7 beamline of the Advanced Photon Source. It is used for laser-pump, X-ray probe experiments using the Ti:Sapphire femtosecond laser system installed on the beamline. This streak camera, combined with standardized and prealigned experimental setups, can perform time-resolved liquid-phase absorption spectroscopy, reflectivity, and diffraction experiments.
Influence of the venom delivery system on intraoral prey transport in snakes

Abstract We compared intraoral prey transport in venomous snake species from four families (two atractaspidids, nine elapids, three colubrids, 44 viperids) with that in eight non-venomous colubrid species, most feeding on similar mammalian prey. The morphology of the venom delivery system suggests that intraoral prey transport performance should be slightly decreased in atractaspidids, unmodified in most elapids and venomous colubrids, and increased or unmodified in vipers, as compared to that in non-venomous colubrid snakes. Our measurements of relative intraoral prey transport performance show that differences among families do not match expectations based on morphology or past studies. Decreased performance in Atractaspis results from reduction and loss of teeth on the medial palatal elements and dentaries, but affects only early phases of ingestion. Although joint and bone features of elapids and colubrids are similar, intraoral prey transport performance is significantly lower in elapids than in colubrids. Predicted enhancement of intraoral prey transport performance in vipers as compared to colubrids was not borne out by measurements, presumably because palatopterygoid movement during intraoral prey transport is reduced in many viper species to limit fang erection. Absence of significant performance differences between colubrids and viperids might suggest that evolution of the viperid venom delivery system was subject to little selection pressure from intraoral prey transport. Another possibility is that there are trade-offs between intraoral prey transport and strike performance in vipers related to relative skull mass and jaw fragility. Immobilizing prey prior to intraoral transport places less demand on transport performance in vipers. In this model, the conservative kinesis and greater robustness of the colubrid palate has greater potential for transporting live prey with less risk of injury.
The medical-dental interface in preventive dentistry

Abstract Including teeth and supporting structures and oral tissues in the physical examination provides an opportunity for physicians to play an important role in preventive dentistry. Recommendations should include plaque control, fluoride supplementation, reduced sugar intake and dietary counseling. Examination for precancerous and cancerous lesions as well as oral manifestations of systemic diseases is part of physician responsibility. Measurement of salivary flow rate and salivary composition furnishes useful indicators in a variety of salivary gland and systemic diseases that affect salivary gland function. Physicians treating dentists should be aware of problems that may arise from occupational hazards; these include hearing loss from high noise levels, mercury intoxication (amalgam fillings), and hepatitis B. Hepatitis B transmission by the dentist should also be of concern.
Science, politics, and the national welfare

Originally presented as an address before the recent National Electronics Conference in Chicago, this article considers one viewpoint in the current controversy over the question of government support of scientific research. The author takes his stand on the side of federal promotion of science, provided the policy to be pursued is both scientifically and politically acceptable. Undoubtedly, some readers will take issue with him. Truly, here is food for serious thought, and potential for extended debate.
Differential Effects of Short-Chain Fatty Acids on Head and Neck Squamous Carcinoma Cells

Objectives/Hypothesis Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a major cause of mortality. Despite advances in therapeutic modalities, recurrences and second primaries are commonly observed. Biological agents that can suppress growth of tumors that are otherwise difficult to treat are greatly needed. The present study examined the effects of short-chain fatty acids on HNSCC cell lines. Study Design The effects of short-chain fatty acids on HNSCC cells was examined using tissue culture and immunoblotting techniques. Methods The effects of four short-chain fatty acids, arginine butyrate, α-methyl hydrocinnamic acid, 2,2-dimethylbutyrate, and α-lipoic acid, were evaluated on four HNSCC cell lines (FaDu, SCC9, SCC25, and Detroit-562). Proliferation assays were performed by means of spectrophotometric techniques. Histone deacetylase activity was assessed by identifying the amount of acetylated histone H4. Involucrin expression was determined to assess cellular differentiation. Results Inhibition of cellular proliferation was determined after 5 days of incubation with increasing doses with short-chain fatty acids. Arginine butyrate and α-lipoic acid were most effective in suppressing growth. Arginine butyrate demonstrated strong histone deacetylase inhibition in FaDu cells, while not inducing cellular differentiation. The short-chain fatty acid α-lipoic acid demonstrated weak histone deacetylase inhibition but was the only short-chain fatty acid that induced involucrin expression in at least two of the cell lines. Histone deacetylase inhibitory activity or induction of involucrin expression correlated with suppression of cell growth. Conclusions Short-chain fatty acids have variable effects on HNSCC cells. Arginine butyrate and α-lipoic acid are the most effective in suppressing growth and appear to do so through different biochemical mechanisms. These compounds warrant further research as chemotherapeutic or chemopreventive agents in HNSCC.
The role of offset control in anxious responding: An experimental test using repeated administrations of 20% carbon dioxide-enriched air *

The present investigation attempted to clarify whether a lack of control affects self-reported anxiety and physiological reactivity during eight administrations of 20% carbon dioxide (CO 2 )-enriched air. Thirty individuals who reported high levels of suffocation fear were randomly assigned to a condition that either permitted or did not permit control over the offset of CO 2 gas inhalation. In contrast to participants with control, participants without control reported significantly more self-reported anxiety and intense panic experiences. Although 20% CO 2 -enriched air reliably evoked physiological arousal for both groups, no significant between-group differences for peripheral indices of somatic reactivity were observed. We discuss the implications of these findings for understanding how control over aversive environmental stimuli mediates anxious responding in panic disorder.
Tissue factor pathway inhibitor, vascular risk factors and subclinical atherosclerosis: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis

Background Tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) is an endothelial membrane-associated anticoagulant protein. Higher circulating levels might reflect endothelial damage.
Neurofibromatosis type 2

Neurofibromatosis type 2 is an autosomal-dominant multiple neoplasia syndrome that results from mutations in the NF2 tumour suppressor gene located on chromosome 22q. It has a frequency of one in 25 000 livebirths and nearly 100% penetrance by 60 years of age. Half of patients inherit a germline mutation from an affected parent and the remainder acquire a de novo mutation for neurofibromatosis type 2. Patients develop nervous system tumours (schwannomas, meningiomas, ependymomas, astrocytomas, and neurofibromas), peripheral neuropathy, ophthalmological lesions (cataracts, epiretinal membranes, and retinal hamartomas), and cutaneous lesions (skin tumours). Optimum treatment is multidisciplinary because of the complexities associated with management of the multiple, progressive, and protean lesions associated with the disorder. We review the molecular pathogenesis, genetics, clinical findings, and management strategies for neurofibromatosis type 2.
Does Hypothalamic Inflammation Cause Obesity

Obesity-induced inflammation causes cellular resistance to both insulin and leptin. In this issue, Bruning and colleagues (Kleinridders et al., 2009) add to growing evidence that this response occurs in the hypothalamus, as well as in peripheral tissues, which helps to explain how high-fat feeding induces a gradual increase in defended body weight.
Sugar inhibition of oral Fusobacterium nucleatum haemagglutination and cell binding.

Abstract Using a microtitre haemagglutination (HA) test, human and sheep red blood cells (RBC) were inhibited from HA in the presence of F. nucleatum whole cells and sonicated preparations by the addition of sugars containing d -galactose and by N- acetyl - d - rmgalactosamine . A variety of other monosaccharides, disaccharides and structural analogues of d -galactose showed no inhibitory activity. No differences in sugar inhibition occurred with O−, AB+, A+ and B− human RBC as well as with sheep cells. Storage of F. nucleatum whole cells at 4 °C and changes in pH had little effect on HA and inhibition of HA with d -galactose. Sugar inhibition was dependent upon the F. nucleatum concentration, suggesting a binding-site interaction. Plant lectins bound to RBC sites and decreased binding of the sonicated HA preparation to the cells. d -galactose inhibited HA-preparation adsorption to buccal epithelial cells.
A scan-line hidden surface removal procedure for constructive solid geometry

This paper presents a new methodology for resolving visible surface images of solid models derived from Boolean combinations of volumetric building blocks. The algorithm introduced here is an extension of well-established scan-line hidden surface removal procedures, and it integrates knowledge of a Boolean construction tree in the surface resolution process. Several hidden surface coherence properties are discussed in terms of their possible exploitation in the intricate solid model visualization process. While many of the earlier coherence techniques depend on a polygon environment in which surfaces and volumes do not intersect, the Boolean process can not afford that luxury because it is inherently required to handle intersecting volumes and surfaces. Initial tests indicate that substantial performance improvements over previous methods can be achieved with the algorithm described in this paper, and that these improvements increase as model complexity increases.An underlying philosophy of a dual solid modeling system is proposed in this paper. It suggests that two solid modelers are necessary to successfully satisfy both analytical precision requirements and user interface visualization requirements. The visual solid modeling task addressed in this paper provides greatly improved response capabilities, as compared to other systems, by striving to optimize the constructive solid model (CSG) solid model computations specifically for display purposes.
Anesthesia for vascular trauma in interventional neuroradiology

T raumatic vascular injury is caused by either penetrating or blunt trauma, with 5% to 10% of the injuries occurring in the head and neck region. Evolution of materials, catheter systems, and technical skill in interventional neuroradiology (INR) have changed the management strategies of complicated vessel lesions. Minimally invasive techniques are now available for lesions that were previously only amenabte for open surgical techniques. Delivery of anesthesia is challenging in this novel remote environment. The future of INR is dependent on the ability of the anesthetist to be able to deliver anesthesia for vascular trauma in any remote environment. For centuries, the major cause of death on the battlefield was hemorrhage from vascular trauma. During the Balkan wars of 1911 and 1912, Lieutenant Soubbotitch successfully repaired both arteries and veins in combat casualties] First Lieutenant of the medical corps, Geza de Takats (1892 to 1985) visited Belgrade State Hospital while Dr. Soubbotitch conducted surgery. The vascular techniques learned during this visit aided First Lieutenant Takats in becoming one of the early pioneers to develop strategies in battlefield vascular surgery in an effort to control hemorrhage. 2 Throughout World War I and World War II, the primary method for controlling hemorrhage was vascular ligation. For the treatment of combat casualties during World War II, Dr. Harris Shumacker refined vascular surgery and developed repair and reconstruction techniques for false aneurysm and arterial venous fistula surgery. 2 Following World War II, the advent of blood salvaging and transfusion systems permitted greater ability to stabilize combat soldiers and perform surgery. Further refinement of vascular surgical techniques were demonstrated by surgeons during the Korean war) For the first time, repair and reconstruction of arteries were performed in mobile medical hospitals. In 1966, Drs. Carl Hughes, Frank Spencer and Norman Rich developed the Vietnam Vascular Registry for the purpose of documenting and studying the management of vascular trauma affecting both arteries and veins. 4 Present-day vascular trauma treatment is founded in the principles of management acquired by military surgeons during the Korean and Vietnam wars. 5 This led to the advent of the Emergency Medical Services System Act of 1973. The passage and activation of this act is one of the most important factors in developing a comprehensive emergency medical system. 6 The goal of the trauma system is to provide prehospital treatment including a sophisticated communication network, rapid evacuation, and triage. Intrahospital treatment includes an experienced trauma care team with adequate facilities to care for the injured patient. These endeavors have achieved an admirable decrease in morbidity and mortality associated with trauma, including vascular trauma. 7
Error Forgetting of Bregman Iteration

This short article analyzes an interesting property of the Bregman iterative procedure, which is equivalent to the augmented Lagrangian method, for minimizing a convex piece-wise linear function J(x) subject to linear constraints Ax=b. The procedure obtains its solution by solving a sequence of unconstrained subproblems of minimizing $J(x)+\frac{1}{2}\|Ax-b^{k}\|_{2}^{2}$ , where b k is iteratively updated. In practice, the subproblem at each iteration is solved at a relatively low accuracy. Let w k denote the error introduced by early stopping a subproblem solver at iteration k. We show that if all w k are sufficiently small so that Bregman iteration enters the optimal face, then while on the optimal face, Bregman iteration enjoys an interesting error-forgetting property: the distance between the current point $\bar{x}^{k}$ and the optimal solution set X ? is bounded by ?w k+1?w k ?, independent of the previous errors w k?1,w k?2,?,w 1. This property partially explains why the Bregman iterative procedure works well for sparse optimization and, in particular, for ? 1-minimization. The error-forgetting property is unique to J(x) that is a piece-wise linear function (also known as a polyhedral function), and the results of this article appear to be new to the literature of the augmented Lagrangian method.
Bit error rate in multipath wireless channels with several specular paths

A recursive and computationally efficient new formula for bit error rate (BER) in multipath channels with several specular components is derived. Using Jensen's inequality, it is shown that one specular component, Rice fading, provides the lowest possible BER. Using Lagrange multipliers to solve a constrained optimisation problem, it is further shown that, for two specular components, BER is maximum when the two components have equal strengths. BERs for three and four specular paths are studied and compared numerically. The results show the impact of the number of specular paths on BER, as well as the smallest and largest BERs.
Identification of severe and extensive coronary artery disease by automatic measurement of transient ischemic dilation of the left ventricle in dual-isotope myocardial perfusion SPECT

AbstractObjectives. This study sought to assess whether a transient ischemic dilation ratio, determined from automatically derived stress and rest left ventricular volumes during stress technetium-...
Predicting Adolescent Autonomy from Parents: Relationship Connectedness and Restrictiveness

This study examined the extent to which adolescents' behavioral autonomy was predicted by several aspects of the parent-youth relationship that are encompassed by the general constructs connectedness and restrictiveness. Both of these general relationship constructs are composed of more specific social-psychological predictors consisting of parental behaviors, parent-adolescent authority dimensions, and indicators of family ties. A total of 657 adolescents (mean age = 16.3 years) and 753 parents responded to self-report questionnaires. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses were used to test the hypotheses from both the adolescents' and parents' perspectives in separate models. Many of the predictions were confirmed, indicating that adolescent behavioral autonomy often develops within contexts of relationship connectedness, such as continuing parent-youth authority and supportiveness. Moreover, as expected, youthful autonomous behavior was inhibited by such aspects of relationship restrictiveness as punitive behavior and the perceived coercive abilities of parents
The Effect of Transglutaminase Crosslinking on the Rheological Characteristics of Heated Peanut Flour Dispersions

Peanut flour (PF) is a high-protein ingredient prepared after the partial extraction of oil from roasted peanut seed. Microbial transglutaminase (TGase) catalyzes protein crosslinking via acyl-transfer reactions, resulting in the modification of functional properties such as viscosity, gelation, solubility, and water holding capacity. This work was conducted to observe changes in rheological properties of PF dispersions in the presence and the absence of TGase and amidated pectin (AP). Dispersions were characterized across a range of conditions, including controlled heating and cooling rates under both large- and small-strain deformations. Gelation occurred at temperatures above 78 degrees C using PF dispersions treated with TGase compared to untreated dispersions devoid of the enzyme (about 68 degrees C). The addition of AP (0.5%) resulted in a general increase in viscoelasticity for all dispersions. AP addition also minimized the shift in gel point temperature caused by TGase polymerization reactions. High-molecular-weight polymers were formed in TGase-treated PF dispersions in both the presence and the absence of AP; however, polymer formation was more rapid in PF dispersions without AP. Ortho-phthaldialdehyde assays indicated about 40% protein coupling in PF dispersions treated with TGase compared to about 20% in those containing both AP and TGase. Collectively, these data suggest potential applications of TGase-treated PF dispersions, both in the presence and the absence of AP, for use in peanut-base food products, including protein bars, shakes, and value-added baked goods.