cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear excitation by quantum interference in a Doppler-broadened rubidium atomic system

We analyze nonlinear excitation in a four-level atomic system that exhibits electromagnetically induced transparency induced by a strong coupling laser. We show that, at the line center of the atomic transition, the nondegenerate two-photon excitation in the dressed states can be enhanced by constructive quantum interference in two excitation paths while the linear absorption is inhibited by destructive quantum interference. We report an experimental study of the interference-enhanced two-photon absorption in a multilevel Λ-type rubidium atomic system and compare the measurements with the theoretical calculations.
Kim H-J, Fay MP, Feuer EJ, Midthune DN, ‘ Permutation tests for joinpoint regression with applications to cancer rates’. Statistics in Medicine 2000 19:335–351

The original article to which this Correction refers was published in Statistics in Medicine 2000; 19:335–351.
Crosslinking of discrete self-assembled collagen threads: Effects on mechanical strength and cell–matrix interactions

Bundles of threads extruded from type I collagen have been researched extensively as scaffolds to promote the repair and regeneration of torn tendons and ligaments. The success of these scaffolds has been limited by insufficient tissue ingrowth from the wound margin, which may be inhibited by the chemical or physical crosslinking treatment used to increase the mechanical properties and decrease the degradation rate of these scaffolds. Recently, self-assembled collagen threads extruded from solutions of type I collagen molecules were shown to possess ultimate tensile strengths and structural properties comparable to native tendon fibers; however the tissue response to these threads has yet to be determined. The goal of this study was to investigate the effects of various crosslinking techniques on the mechanical properties as well as the in vitro rate of new tissue ingrowth on these threads. Our findings indicate that the physical crosslinking techniques, dehydrothermal (DHT) or ultraviolet light (UV), most significantly improve the mechanical strengths of the threads, but most significantly decrease the rate of cell migration. In contrast, carbodiimide (EDC) crosslinking achieved sub-optimal strength generation, but demonstrated improved cell migration rates. Future studies will investigate the design of threads with surface biochemistries that maximize tissue ingrowth while maintaining the mechanical stability of the scaffold.
Adjoints of binary matroids

It is proved that a binary matroid has only binary adjoints if and only if it is either nonregular or graphic and has no K 4 or K 2,3 minor.
Realizing Huygens sources through spherical sheet impedances

An electrically small Huygens source realized as two concentric spherical sheet impedances is investigated. Closed-form expressions for the electric and magnetic polarizabilities, the directivity (D), and the fractional scattering bandwidth (FBW) are found. An impedance matched, electrically small antenna (ESA), of the same topology, is presented with a directivity of 7.6 dB. The antenna is simply fed with a coaxial cable.
For services, the play’s (still) the thing

A service is an interactive experience very similar to a theatrical performance complete with actors, props and costumes. And, this is a show that often demands proactive participation by the audience. These performances occur in a marketspace where managers must pay close attention to contextual cues to insure that the meanings they convey are consistent with the desired service persona. The process of engineering a captivating marketspace demands meticulous attention to the physical evidence consumers will encounter there, whether the service is offered offline or online. Although the delivery of service quality is necessary to prosper in today’s competitive market, it is not sufficient. The rewards of success will accrue to those managers who understand that people do not consume services for what they do, but rather for what they mean.
Degradation of SsrA-tagged proteins in streptococci

In prokaryotes, a conserved small RNA molecule, called tmRNA, rescues ribosomes from proteins that are abnormally truncated due to the presence of rare codons or degraded mRNA. During the rescue process, a peptide tag (SsrA) encoded by tmRNA is cotranslationally added to the truncated polypeptides, thereby targeting these proteins for proteolytic degradation. In Escherichia coli, ClpXP and ClpAP proteases primarily degrade SsrA-tagged proteins. Other proteases such as Lon and FtsH also participate in the degradation in E. coli. However, in Bacillus subtilis, ClpXP is the major protease that degrades the SsrA-tagged proteins. Degradation of SsrA-tagged protein in streptococci is not well understood except that ClpXP is responsible for the majority of the degradation. Here we show that in Streptococcus mutans, in addition to ClpXP, two other Clp complexes, ClpCP and ClpEP, are also involved in the degradation. We also found that ClpCP- and ClpEP-mediated proteolysis of SsrA-tagged substrates is induced by heat stress. As ClpCP and ClpEP proteins are highly conserved in streptococci, we predicted that ClpEP- and ClpCP-mediated degradation of SsrA-tagged proteins might be operational in other streptococci.
An estimate of space-time correlations

Laboratory measurements of the autocorrelation and space-time correlations for probe separations alined with the mean flow are used to test a hypothesis of Pielke and Panofsky (1970) which relates these measures by means of an empirical decay parameter taken from coherence data. The direct laboratory measurements of the space-time correlations are in good agreement with the functions estimated using the method of Pielke and Panofsky (1970). However, the decay parameters implied for the laboratory measurements are much smaller than those reported for atmospheric turbulence.
La, V, and Fe promotion of Rh/SiO2 for CO hydrogenation: Effect on adsorption and reaction

Abstract This study is a continuation of the research reported recently that showed La and V doubly promoted Rh/SiO 2 catalysts to be active and selective for the synthesis of ethanol from syngas. In this work, the effect of Fe on Rh–La–V/SiO 2 was examined and the role of each individual promoter was further scrutinized. Several series of promoted Rh/SiO 2 catalysts were prepared by incipient wetness and characterized by BET, XRD, TEM, FTIR, TPR, and H 2 -TPD. The catalytic activity was tested using a fixed-bed differential reactor at 230 °C and 1.8 atm. It was found that the addition of 0.8 wt% Fe, 2.6 wt% La, and 1.5 wt% V to 1.5 wt% Rh/SiO 2 resulted in the highest selectivity to ethanol (34.6%) and a moderate activity compared to other promoted catalysts. The investigation based on the catalytic performance and other characterizations of Rh/SiO 2 promoted by different promoters suggests that the primary promoting effects of La, V, and Fe are different. The main effects of the addition of different promoters in this study appear to be increasing CO adsorption and insertion for La, decreasing CO adsorption but enhancing CO dissociation and chain growth for V, and decreasing CO adsorption but enhancing hydrogenation for Fe. The synergistic effects of the multiple promoters indicate that the key in catalyst design for ethanol synthesis from syngas is to optimize CO dissociation, hydrogenation, and CO insertion in a balanced way.
The binding of [3H] dolichol by plasma high density lipoproteins

Abstract Radioactive dolichol was rapidly taken up by a plasma protein fraction following the intravenous injection of detergent suspended [ 3 H] dolichol into rats. The half-life of labeled dolichol in the plasma was found to be approx. 13 h. Density gradient centrifugation or gel filtration of samples of human or rat plasma incubated with [ 3 H] dolichol suspensions also showed that the labeled material became associated with the same plasma protein fractions as in the in vivo studies. Evidence was obtained to indicate that dolichol is specifically associated with the high density lipoprotein fraction of plasma. The possible role of high density lipoproteins as a vehicle for dolichol transport and the problems involved in the binding of this long molecule are discussed.
Thermal residual strains and stresses in silicon carbide-fiber-reinforced silicon nitride composites

Abstract Neutron diffraction was used to measure thermal residual strains in SiC-fiberreinforced reaction-bonded silicon nitride composites as a function of volume fraction of fibers. The measured values are in agreement with those estimated by finite-element modeling. Due to the anisotropy of the thermal expansion coefficient of SiC, residual axial strain (stress) is tensile and residual transverse strain (stress) is compressive in the fibers. The variation in the measured residual axial strain in the matrix can be related to the density of the composite. In addition, neutron diffraction was used to study the effects of fiber coatings and processing on the thermal residual strains.
In vitro detection of fatty liver infiltration in protein-depleted rats using proton nuclear magnetic resonance

Abstract To determine if NMR techniques might be used to detect hepatic steatosis secondary to protein malnutrition, the T1 and T2 relaxation times of liver tissue from rats subjected to long-term protein malnutrition were measured in vitro. The liver tissue from rats fed a protein-deficient rat chow (PD) for 37 days (N = 9) was characterized by increased proportion of fat (P
Movement of a sub-population of the light harvesting complex (LHCII) from grana to stroma lamellae as a consequence of its phosphorylation

Abstract Phosphorylation in vitro of the light-harvesting chlorophyll a b protein complex associated with Photosystem II (LHCII) resulted in the lateral migration of a subpopulation of LHCII from the grana to the stroma lamellae. This movement was characterized by a decrease in the chlorophyll a b ratio and an increase in the 77 K fluorescence emission at 681 nm in the stroma lamellae following phosphorylation. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis indicated that the principal phosphoproteins under these conditions were polypeptides of 26–27 kDa. These polypeptides increased in relative amount in the stroma lamellae and decreased in the grana during phosphorylation. Pulse/chase experiments confirmed that the polypeptides were labelled in the grana and moved to the stroma lamellae in the subsequent chase period. A fraction at the phospho-LHCII, however, was unable to move and remained associated with the grana fraction. LHCII which moved out into the stroma lamellae effectively sensitized Photosystem I (PS I), since the ability to excite fluorescence emission at 735 nm (at 77 K) by chlorophyll b was increased following phosphorylation. These data support the ‘mobile antenna’ hypothesis proposed by Kyle, Staehelin and Arntzen (Arch. Biochem. Biophys. (1983) 222, 527–541) which states that the alterations in the excitation-energy distribution induced by LHCII phosphorylation are, in part, due to the change in absorptive cross-section of PS II and PS I, resulting specifically from the movement of LHCII antennae chlorophylls from the PS-II-enriched grana to the PS-I-enriched stroma lamellae.
Peer-to-peer streaming for networked consumer electronics [Peer-to-Peer Multimedia Streaming]

Applications such as multimedia communications and entertainment make media streaming a key feature for peer-to-peer (P2P) technology embedded in networked consumer electronics. In this article, we discuss some key issues that are relevant to enabling peer-to-peer streaming in networked consumer electronics and address possible technical solutions to the issues of interoperability, NAT/firewall traversal, and codec inflexibility. We also address how to improve overall system performance by introducing a notion of node coordinates into the discovery of services on a P2P network and confirm the effectiveness of our approach using simulation. We conclude with a discussion of our prototype CE-oriented P2P streaming system.
DNA synthesis inhibition and the induction of protein X in Escherichia coli.

Abstract The synthesis of protein X (Inouye & Pardee, 1970) is switched on by the inhibition of DNA synthesis. This induction of protein X is controlled at transcription, since it can be blocked by either chloramphenicol or rifampicin. Approximately 90% of the total protein X in the cell is found in the cytoplasm and 10% in the membrane. After one generation of growth in the absence of DNA synthesis, protein X is 3 to 4% of the total cell protein. The rate of synthesis of protein X showed a gradual increase over about 25 min to a maximal rate following inhibition of DNA synthesis by nalidixic acid (40 μg/ml). Thymine starvation of an auxotroph or transfer of a dnaB mutant to its restrictive temperature resulted in different kinetics of induction of protein X, suggesting that induction is an indirect consequence of DNA synthesis inhibition. In synchronous cultures, protein X was induced by nalidixic acid only when DNA replication was in progress. Moreover, a dnaA initiation mutant at the restrictive temperature could not be induced to synthesize protein X after DNA replication was completed. DNA degradation is involved in the induction of protein X as shown by its induction in a recC− mutant by the antibiotic bleomycin which degrades DNA, but not by nalidixic acid. Thus, a stalled replication fork and subsequent DNA degradation are required for the induction of protein X by nalidixic acid or thymine starvation. Protein X has affinity for single-stranded DNA specifically, when Mg2+ is present. We suggest that production of protein X is part of a feedback loop that limits DNA degradation and allows DNA repair.
Non‐cognitivism and Wishful Thinking

Evaluation de l'argument non-cognitiviste du mal qui consiste a justifier rationnellement le rejet moral du mensonge. Examinant les attitudes non-cognitives qui constituent les premisses de l'argument, ainsi que la valeur de l'implication qui permet de conclure a la croyance introspective, l'A. montre que les changements d'etat cognitif ne remettent pas en question les raisons de croire, d'une part, et refute la these non-cognitiviste au nom du principe de charite, d'autre part.
Corticothalamic connections of the superior temporal sulcus in rhesus monkeys.

The corticothalamic connections of the superior temporal sulcus (STS) were studied by means of the autoradiographic technique. The results indicate that corticothalamic connections of the STS in general reciprocate thalamocortical connections. The cortex of the upper bank of the STS-multimodal areas TPO and PGa-projects to four major thalamic targets: the pulvinar complex, the mediodorsal nucleus, the limitanssuprageniculate nucleus, as well as intralaminar nuclei. Within the pulvinar complex, the main projections of the upper bank of the STS are directed to the medial pulvinar (PM) nucleus. Rostral upper bank regions tend to project caudally and medially within the PM nucleus, caudal upper bank regions, more laterally and ventrally. The mid-portion of the upper bank tends to occupy the central sector of the PM nucleus. There are also relatively minor projections from upper bank regions to the lateral pulvinar (PL) and oral pulvinar (PO) nuclei. In contrast to the upper bank, the projections from the lower bank are directed primarily to the pulvinar complex, with only minor projections to intralaminar nuclei. The rostral portion of the lower bank projects mainly to caudal and medial regions of the PM nucleus, whereas the caudal lower bank projects predominantly to the lateral PM nucleus, and also to the PL, PO, and inferior pulvinar (PI) nuclei. The mid-portion of the lower bank projects mainly to central and lateral portions of the PM nucleus, and also to the PI and PL nuclei. The rostral depth of the STS projects mainly to the PM nucleus, with only minor connections to the PO, PI, and PL nuclei. The midportion of multimodal area TPO of the upper bank, areas TPO2 and TPO3, projects preferentially to the central sector of the PM nucleus. It is possible that this STS-thalamic connectivity has a role in behavior that is dependent upon more than one sensory modality.
An inverse estimation scheme to measure steady-state tool–chip interface temperatures using an infrared camera

Abstract A new technique is developed to estimate the average steady-state chip–tool interface temperature during turning. An infrared (IR) video camera attached on the carriage of the lathe measures the transient cooling behavior on the rake surface of an insert after the feed motion is halted. This allows the zero heat flux boundary condition, where the transient Laplace heat conduction problem can be solved numerically to obtain the temporal and spatial temperature distribution. With the experimentally determined transient temperature distribution, the one-dimensional ellipsoidal model is used to estimate the average steady-state chip–tool interface temperature during machining. The results on turning gray cast iron (GCI) and AISI 1045 steels with various coated and uncoated K313 carbide inserts are presented.
Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y pancreatic cyst-jejunostomy.

Background: The surgical management of pancreatic pseudocysts can be established through a variety of techniques. Internal drainage has consistently proven to be the treatment of choice for both acute and chronic pancreatic pseudocysts. With the growing popularity of minimally invasive surgery and improvements in surgical technique, laparoscopic internal drainage procedures for pancreatic pseudocysts are being attempted. While most authors have focused on laparoscopic cyst-gastrostomies, few have written about laparoscopic cyst-jejunostomies. Methods: In this article, we report our experience with eight laparoscopic Roux-en-Y cyst-jejunostomies. Of the eight patients, six had alcoholic pancreatitis, and two had gallstone pancreatitis. There were five men and three women with a mean age of 48 (range 35–71 years). Results: The mean operative time was 150 min, with a range of 100–215 min. We report a mean EBL of 78 cc, a minor complication rate of 20%, and no major complications or mortalities. Conclusions: These data compare favorably with both open and laparoscopic internal drainage procedures. Laparoscopic cyst-jejunostomy offers a feasible alternative in the minimally invasive management of pancreatic pseudocyst.
Hettangian Asteriidae (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) from southern Germany: taxonomy, phylogeny and life habits

Germanasterias amplipapularia andHystrixasterias hettangiurnus are new genera and species of Asteriidae (Asteroidea: Forcipulatida) described from the Hettangian (lowest Jurassic) of southern Germany. They are among the oldest known relatively complete asteroids assignable to surviving families, yet they are remarkably similar to certain living species. Modern asteriids are efficient predators of sessile and slow-moving stoutly-armored mullusks, however much asteriid morphology is suggested to have originated with suspension-feeding habits. The lineage leading to the modern Forcipulatacea might have separated from that of the remainder of the modern asteroids as early as the Carboniferous.
Hippocampal lesion effects on conditioned taste aversion and pituitary-adrenal activity in rats

Abstract A series of experiments examined the effects of hippocampal lesions on conditioned taste aversion (CTA) and pituitary-adrenal activity. Experiment 1 examined recovery from a conditioned taste aversion under conditions of free extinction. Hippocampal and unoperated rats recovered from the aversion at the same rate. Further, this experiment showed that the suppression in drinking in both groups produced by lithium chloride (LiCl) injection was a conditioned taste aversion (was dependent upon the contingent pairing of the taste stimulus with LiCl) and not enhanced neophobia. In Experiment 2 there were no behavioral effects of the lesion in a forced extinction CTA paradigm. In addition, hippocampal lesions failed to alter pituitary-adrenal responsiveness to LiCl. In the same experiment, pituitary-adrenal responsiveness of hippocampectomized rats, when re-exposed to the taste paired earlier with LiCl, was altered. Hippocampal lesions eliminated the elevation in corticosterone shown by unoperated control and neocortical-lesioned rats. The third experiment replicated this finding showing again that hippocampal-lesioned rats failed to show the forced extinction elevation in corticosterone when re-exposed to the aversive taste (Experiment 3). These data were integrated with other reports of behavioral and pituitary-adrenal alterations in hippocampal-lesioned rats.
Targeted combined aerosol chemotherapy in dogs and radiologic toxicity grading.

Abstract Background: We investigated whether combination chemotherapy, targeted with the AeroProbe® Intracorporeal Nebulizing Catheter (INC), could be safely administered, and developed a radiologic grading scheme to monitor subclinical effects on the lungs. Methods: In anesthetized and mechanically ventilated healthy dogs (n = 3), we introduced the INC via a flexible bronchoscope into the right caudal lung lobe and administered escalating dosages of gemcitabine (1, 2, 3, or 6 mg/kg) followed by cisplatin (10 mg/m2). Treatments were performed every 2 weeks for 4 treatments and dogs were monitored weekly with physical examination, biochemical tests, and thoracic radiographs. Dogs were sacrificed 2 weeks after the final treatment and tissues examined histologically. A radiologic grading scheme was developed to monitor subclinical pulmonary toxicity. Results: No significant side effects occurred in any dog. All dogs developed focal pneumonitis radiographically, and chronic, severe pneumonia with fibrosis his...
Vowel recognition threshold as a function of temporal segmentations.

Vowels were segmented into 15 different temporal segments taken from the middle of the vowel and ranging from 4 to 60 msecs, then presented to 6 subjects with normal hearing. The mean temporal-segm...
Production of renewable gasoline from aqueous phase hydrogenation of lignin pyrolysis oil

Abstract The hydrogenation of biomass pyrolysis oils to upgraded biofuels, especially the aliphatic compounds with a low boiling range has attracted significant research attention. However, compared with the water soluble phase of pyrolysis oils, the water insoluble parts are relatively difficult to upgrade due to the complex high molecular weight aromatic structures. To solve this problem, a two step hydrogenation of water insoluble pyrolysis oil (heavy oil) produced from pyrolysis of pine wood ethanol organosolv lignin (EOL) at 600 °C for 30 min was examined. Ru/C was used as the catalyst and water was used as the dispersant for the heavy oil and hydrogenation products. The carbon conversion yields for the first and second step hydrogenation are 35% and 33% (overall molar% of carbon content in the heavy oil), respectively. The products of first step of hydrogenation are primarily aromatic molecules which are produced from the hydrolytic cleavage of ether bond and methoxy groups in the heavy oils. Further hydrogenation was shown to covert the insoluble heavy oils (weight average molecular weight is 265 g/mol) to the aliphatic alcohols and other aliphatic components which could be used as renewable gasoline. As far as we know, this is the first reported effort to upgrade water insoluble parts of lignin pyrolysis oil to the total aliphatic components by aqueous phase hydrogenation.
Cutting temperature in rotary ultrasonic machining of titanium: experimental study using novel Fabry-Perot fibre optic sensors

Titanium has a wide variety of applications, particularly in the aerospace industry. However, because of its low thermal conductivity and high strength, machining of titanium is very difficult. The heat generated in machining can dramatically shorten the tool life. Rotary ultrasonic machining (RUM) is a non-traditional machining process, and has been used to machine various difficult-to-machine materials. Investigations have been reported regarding effects of machining variables (including ultrasonic power, tool rotation speed, and feedrate) on several output variables in RUM, such as cutting force, torque, surface roughness, edge chipping, material removal rate, and tool wear. However, there have been few studies on cutting temperatures in RUM. This paper presents an experimental study on cutting temperature in RUM of titanium. It is the first study to utilise fibre optic temperature sensors to measure the cutting temperature in RUM. The results revealed effects of machining variables on cutting temperature in RUM, and demonstrated that Fabry-Perot (FP) fibre optic sensors offer more accurate localised measurement of temperature in RUM than thermocouples.
Contribution of Epithelial Plasticity to Renal Transplantation–Associated Fibrosis

Every year in the United States, 5000 renal transplant recipients start or restart dialysis because of the unusual propensity of these allografts to develop interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy (IF/TA). Although IF/TA often follows one or more identifiable events, our capacity to specifically treat, prevent, or even detect IF/TA at an early stage is poor. These limitations are largely related to our lack of adequate tools to assess graft failure over time. Data accumulated over the past 5 years have demonstrated that tubular epithelial cells may react to certain fibrogenic stimuli to engage in the process of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). In this review, we highlight the current view of EMT with a focus on both its role in the context of renal transplantation and the potential for utilizing markers of EMT to identify patients undergoing early IF/TA.
The para substituent of S-3-(phenoxy)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-N-(4-nitro-3- trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-propionamides is a major structural determinant of in vivo disposition and activity of selective androgen receptor modulators

Selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs) have many potential therapeutic applications, including male hypogonadism, osteoporosis, muscle-wasting diseases, sexual libido, and contraception. A series of S -3-(phenoxy)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl- N -(4-nitro-3-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-propionamides bearing a four-halogen substituent in the B-ring that displayed in vivo activity were identified in our previous study. Interestingly, in vivo pharmacological activity was not correlated with in vitro androgen receptor (AR) binding affinity. In this study, analysis of the area under the concentration-time curve-response relationship demonstrated that the discrepancy between in vitro and in vivo pharmacological activity of these halogen-substituted SARMs was due to differences in systemic exposure rather than intrinsic pharmacological activity. Studies also suggested that two simple criteria (i.e., K i para -position of the A- and B-aromatic rings. The S -3-(4-Nitrophenoxy) and S -3-(4-cyanophenoxy) 2-hydroxy-2-methyl- N -(4-nitro-3-trifluromethylphenyl) propionamides (S-19 and S-20, respectively) and S -3-(4-nitrophenoxy) and S -3-(4-cyanophenoxy) 2-hydroxy-2-methyl- N -(4-cyano-3-trifluromethylphenyl) propionamides (S-21 and S-22, respectively) demonstrated high AR binding affinity, with K i values ranging from 2.0 to 3.8 nM. Pharmacokinetic studies of selected compounds showed that the in vivo clearance of S-22 was the slowest followed sequentially by S-20, S-21, and S-19. The dose-response relationships for S-22 showed that S-22 exerted efficacious and selective activity in anabolic tissues at dose rates as low as 0.03 mg/day, indicative of the high potency of this compound in anabolic tissue (relative potency 4.41) and its potential for clinical use in androgen deficiency-related disorders.
Sensor/ROIC Integration using Oxide Bonding

We explore the Ziptronix Direct Bond Interconnect technology for the integration of sensors and readout integrated circuits (ROICs) for high energy physics. The technology utilizes an oxide bond to form a robust mechanical connection between layers which serves to assist with the formation of metallic interlayer connections. We report on testing results of sample sensors bonded to ROICs and thinned to 100 microns.
The effects of increasing biodegradable polymer resin use on the U.S. economy

The analysis in this paper examines the effects of the substitution of cornstarch-based biodegradable polymer resins for petroleum-based plastic materials and resins on the U.S. economy. The analytical approach used in the study consists of a computable general equilibrium model composed of 14 producing sectors, 14 consuming sectors, six household categories classified by income and a government. The results suggest that, for a $1.00 per pound of resin subsidy, the substitution of cornstarch-based biodegradable polymer resins for petroleum-based plastic materials and resins will result in an increase in output by all producing sectors of 0.067% or about $542 million, a rise in the consumption of goods and services by about 0.003% or $110 million, a rise in total utility by 0.004% or $168 million and a net increase in government expenditures of 0.047% or $369 million. The agricultural sectors would be affected. For example, with a subsidy to promote the substitution of cornstarch-based biodegradable polymer resins for petroleum-based plastic materials and resins, output in the program crops sector (primarily corn) will expand (by about $431 million), output in the livestock sector will increase (by about $27 million), and output in the all-other agriculture commodities sector will be increased (by about $19 million). When a larger subsidy of $3.50 per pound for the production of cornstarch-based biodegradable polymer resins is considered, the effects are comparable to the $1.00 per pound subsidy case. The differences between the impacts of the two subsidies are primarily with regard to the order of magnitude of the changes in the equilibrium values of the prices and quantities.
Exploring Recombinant Flavonoid Biosynthesis in Metabolically Engineered Escherichia coli

Flavonoids are important plant-specific secondary metabolites synthesized from 4-coumaroyl coenzyme A (CoA), derived from the general phenylpropanoid pathway, and three malonyl-CoAs. The synthesis involves a plant type III polyketide synthase, chalcone synthase. We report the cloning and coexpression in Escherichia coli of phenylalanine ammonia lyase, cinnamate-4-hydroxylase, 4-coumarate:CoA ligase, and chalcone synthase from the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Simultaneous expression of all four genes resulted in a blockage after the first enzymatic step caused by the presence of nonfunctional cinnamate-4-hydroxylase. To overcome this problem we fed exogenous 4-coumaric acid to induced cultures. We observed high-level production of the flavanone naringenin as a result. We were also able to produce phloretin by feeding cultures with 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid. Feeding with ferulic or caffeic acid did not yield the corresponding flavanones. We have also cloned and partially characterized a new tyrosine ammonia lyase from Rhodobacter sphaeroides. Tyrosine ammonia lyase was substituted for phenylalanine ammonia lyase and cinnamate-4-hydroxylase in our E. coli clones and three different growth media were tested. After 48 h induction, high-level production (20.8 mg L(-1)) of naringenin in metabolically engineered E. coli was observed for the first time.
Wine market prices and investment under uncertainty: an econometric model for Bordeaux Crus Classes

This paper describes an econometric assessment of wine market prices for 21 of the Crus Classes châteaux in the Bordeaux region of France. The model developed in the analysis attempt to define the relationship between factors that influence wine quality and those that influence wine prices. Characteristics of the models are: (1) climate influences on grape composition (acid and sugar levels), (2) grape composition influences on market prices, (3) subjective quality evaluations (Parker-points) on market prices, and (4) the effects of age of the wine on market prices. The results indicate that composition levels of Merlot-dominated wines are more climate sensitive than those from Cabernet Sauvignon-dominated wines. Overall, warm, dry summers result in high sugar and low acid levels at harvest which in turn lead to higher quality wines. Wine market price sensitivity to Parker-point ratings indicates that properties with high Cabernet Sauvignon-dominated wines are highly dependent on the external ratings while Merlot-dominated wines have a decreased rating sensitivity. Smaller properties tend to gain over proportionally from high ratings indicating great jumps in price from year to year. Additionally, châteaux that have experienced high ratings for past vintages exhibit great sensitivity to point steps in ratings for current vintages. Aging has a positive effect on Bordeaux wine pricing. This is due to the increasing maturity as well as the increasing absolute scarcity. Absolute scarcity of product is expressed by the size of the property, with small properties producing less per vintage and therefore having less in the market. Additionally, Merlot-dominated wines exhibit more maturing potential and profit more from aging than Cabernet Sauvignon-dominated wines. Average per château real annual profit ranges from 1 to 10%. High levels of grape ripeness, absolute scarcity, and smaller properties that are dominated by Merlot in their blend lead to the highest profits. Forecasts for a vintage not yet on the market indicates that 1995 is better than 1994 for both Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot-dominated wines, but that 1996 and 1997 are not as good as 1995, especially for Merlot-dominated wines. © 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Oceanwide gravity anomalies from GEOS-3, Seasat and Geosat altimeter data

Three kinds of satellite altimeter data have been combined, along with 5 x 5 arcmin bathymetric data, to calculate a 0.125 deg ocean wide gridded set of 2.3 x 10 exp 6 free-air gravity anomalies. The procedure used was least squares collocation that yields the predicted anomaly and standard deviation. The value of including the bathymetric data was shown in a test around the Dowd Seamount where the root mean square (rms) difference between ship gravity measurements decreased from +/- 40 mgal to +/- 20 mgal when the bathymetry was included. Comparisons between the predicted anomalies and ship gravity data is described in three cases. In the Banda Sea the rms differences were +/- 20 mgal for two lines. In the South Atlantic rms differences over lines of 2000 km in length were +/- 7 mgal. For cruise data in the Antarctica region the discrepancies were +/- 12 mgal. Comparisons of anomalies derived from the Geosat geodetic mission data by Marks and McAdoo (1992) with ship dta gave differences of +/- 6 mgal showing the value of the much denser Geosat geodetic mission altimeter data.
Habituation and rehabituation of the monkey's orienting reflex as a function of stimulus variability

Fourteen Cebus albifrons monkeys were divided into two groups, one receiving an unchanging pure tone and the other a pure tone that varied in frequency from trial to trial. Following habituation of the skin conductance response, both groups were switched to a new tone for rehabituation. The monkeys needed significantly fewer trials to reach rehabituation than were needed in habituation, but the groups did not differ in this respect. Response magnitudes and reciprocals of response latency reduced significantly from habituation to rehabituation, but these effects also did not differ between groups. The group that received an unchanging pure tone showed significant reduction in response magnitude from the first to the second trials of habituation and rehabituation, but this reduction did not occur in the group that received frequency variability. It was concluded that the monkey’s skin conductance response to pure tones habituates in a manner similar to that of the human, but that the retardation of habituation produced by stimulus variability in humans was not as strongly manifested in the monkey.
Two-Stage Fleet Assignment Model Considering Stochastic Passenger Demands

An airline's fleet typically contains multiple aircraft families, each having a specific cockpit design and crew requirement. Each aircraft family contains multiple aircraft types having different capacities. Given a flight schedule network, the fleet assignment model is concerned with assigning aircraft to flight legs to maximize profits with respect to captured itinerary-based demand. However, because of related yield management and crew-scheduling regulations, in particular, this decision needs to be made well in advance of departures when market demand is still highly uncertain, although subsequently at a later stage, reassignments of aircraft types within a given family can be made when demand forecasts improve, while preserving crew schedules. In this paper, we propose a two-stage stochastic mixed-integer programming approach in which the first stage makes only higher-level family-assignment decisions, while the second stage performs subsequent family-based type-level assignments according to forecasted market demand realizations. By considering demand uncertainty up-front at the initial fleeting stage, we inject additional flexibility in the process that offers more judicious opportunities for later revisions. We conduct a polyhedral analysis of the proposed model and develop suitable solution approaches. Results of some numerical experiments are presented to exhibit the efficacy of using the stochastic model as opposed to the traditional deterministic model that considers only expected demand, and to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed algorithms as compared with solving the model using its deterministic equivalent.
Simplified and effective motor control based on muscle synergies to exploit musculoskeletal dynamics

The basic hypothesis of producing a range of behaviors using a small set of motor commands has been proposed in various forms to explain motor behaviors ranging from basic reflexes to complex voluntary movements. Yet many fundamental questions regarding this long-standing hypothesis remain unanswered. Indeed, given the prominent nonlinearities and high dimensionality inherent in the control of biological limbs, the basic feasibility of a low-dimensional controller and an underlying principle for its creation has remained elusive. We propose a principle for the design of such a controller, that it endeavors to control the natural dynamics of the limb, taking into account the nature of the task being performed. Using this principle, we obtained a low-dimensional model of the hindlimb and a set of muscle synergies to command it. We demonstrate that this set of synergies was capable of producing effective control, establishing the viability of this muscle synergy hypothesis. Finally, by combining the low-dimensional model and the muscle synergies we were able to build a relatively simple controller whose overall performance was close to that of the system's full-dimensional nonlinear controller. Taken together, the results of this study establish that a low-dimensional controller is capable of simplifying control without degrading performance.
Test hole for earthquake research planned

A 2-km deep, vertical test hole will be drilled near the site of the planned San Andreas Fault Zone Observatory at Depth (SAFOD), ∼−1.6 km southwest of the San Andreas fault near Parkfield, California. The project is planned for late spring/early summer 2002
Unmet need for disability-related health care services and employment status among adults with disabilities in the Massachusetts Medicaid program

Abstract Background The employment rate among adults with disabilities is significantly lower than that among adults without disabilities. Ensuring access to rehabilitative and other health care services may help to address health-related barriers to employment for working-age people with disabilities. This study examined the relationship of unmet need for 6 disability-related health care services to current employment status among working-age adults with disabilities enrolled in the Massachusetts Medicaid (MassHealth Standard) program. Methods Study participants included 436 MassHealth Standard members aged 19 to 64 who responded to the 2005/2006 MassHealth Employment and Disability Survey. Variables included members’ demographic characteristics; Medicaid health plan and Medicare enrollment; members’ self-report of potentially disabling conditions and current health status; access to health care as well as need and unmet need for 6 specific disability-related health care services (medications, mental health services, substance abuse services, medical supplies, durable medical equipment, personal assistance services); and current employment status. Results Fifteen percent of members reported currently working. Logistic regression analysis showed that (controlling for demographics, disability, health status, and other factors) members with greater unmet need were significantly less likely to be working (odds ratio = 0.58; 95% confidence interval = 0.33 to 0.99). Members’ experience of unmet need was significantly greater for physical health services (supplies, durable medical equipment, personal assistance services) than for behavioral health services (mental health and substance abuse services) or medications. Working members generally rated services as important to work. Approximately 10% to 22% of nonworking members thought they would be able to work if needs were met. Conclusions Meeting unmet needs for disability-related health care services may result in modest increases in employment among certain working-age adults with disabilities enrolled in the Massachusetts Medicaid program.
Contextualism and the character of developmental psychology in the 1970s

Declin des modeles organicistes et mecanistes au profit du contextualisme en psychologie du developpement et en psychologie sociale au cours des annees 1970
Metastable ion studies of various C3H6 radical cations

Metastable abundance ratios have been measured involving four decomposition reactions of C3H6 radical cations formed from a variety of precursors. The ratios are quite similar in accord with extensive isomerization to a propene structure prior to fragmentation. Small, yet constant differences are observed for those C3H6 ions which have been shown to be formed as cyclic ions by ion cyclotron resonance studies. The differences are interpreted to reflect internal energy variations, which result because the initially formed ions have two different structures. The abundance ratios are shown to depend on ionizing energy, repeller voltage and accelerating voltage, but are independent of the degrees-of-freedom in the precursor as well as the number of steps necessary to produce the [C3H6]+· Despite small variations in metastable ratios, the classification of various [C3H6]+· ions can be achieved under a variety of conditions which affect the internal energy of the decomposing ions.
Una lectura crítica de la crítica al modelo de Thirlwall

El modelo de Thirlwall, basado en la ley del mismo nombre, es uno de los modelos mas utilizados para discutir el crecimiento entre autores heterodoxos, que ponen enfasis en el lado de la demanda como propulsora del desarrollo. Clavijo y Ros (2015) han producido una interesante y significativa critica del modelo de Thirlwall que expone varias limitaciones del modelo original, y proponen una reinterpretacion de los resultados empiricos a la luz de su propio modelo. Aunque la discusion de Clavijo y Ros se concentra en los aspectos teoricos y los resultados econometricos de la Ley de Thirlwall, es evidente que hay una preocupacion con las estrategias de desarrollo que resultan de modelos de crecimiento liderados por las exportaciones. Podria verse ahi, aunque de modo discreto, una critica a las estrategias de desarrollo basadas en las exportaciones, y en el contraste entre la experiencia asiatica y latinoamericana...
Stimulus-specific combinatorial functionality of neuronal c-fos enhancers

The c-fos gene is induced by a broad range of stimuli and is commonly used as a reliable marker for neural activity. The authors demonstrate that the combinatorial activation of multiple enhancers surrounding the c-fos gene is a critical mechanism of ensuring robust c-fos gene induction in response to various stimuli.
System Entity Structure List

This chapter lists statements for creating and manipulating System Entity Structures in the MS4 Modeling Environment™. The statements relate to using the constrained natural language for defining such structures including their component entities, aspects, couplings, specializations, and variables.
Toward a Post-Sex Disclosures Model Exploring the Associations Among Orgasm, Self-Disclosure, and Relationship Satisfaction

This study investigates communication during the post-sex time interval (PSTI) and extends previous work on communication after sexual activity by testing a post-sex disclosures model (PSDM) using structural equation modeling (SEM). Two-hundred six individuals completed surveys after sexual activity regarding their communication behaviors during the PSTI. The results revealed that individuals who orgasmed assessed greater benefits/fewer risks to disclosing after sexual activity, and orgasm was indirectly associated with positive relational disclosures through risk-benefit assessments. However, positive relational disclosures after sexual activity were not predictive of relationship satisfaction. Rather, perceiving greater benefits/fewer risks to disclosing was associated with increased relationship satisfaction, and orgasm was indirectly related to relationship satisfaction through risk-benefit assessments. Together, these findings suggest that fundamental communication and relational processes occur afte...
Abstract 13844: Quantitative Analysis of Pericardial Inflammation with Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging (CMR) Predicts Outcome in Patients with Constrictive Pericarditis

Introduction: Patients with constrictive pericarditis and intense pericardial inflammation may be more likely to respond to anti-inflammatories. We hypothesized that a quantitative assessment of pericardial inflammation with CMR would better discriminate which patients would improve with medical therapy. Methods: Consecutive symptomatic patients on anti-inflammatory therapy with echo and clinical evidence of constriction and CMR studies between January 2009 and September 2013 were included. The primary outcome was clinical resolution, defined as asymptomatic without pericardiectomy at follow-up. Inflammation was calculated as the volume of pericardium and epicardial fat on LGE that was 6 standard deviations above the signal intensity of normal myocardium. Nominal logistic regression was used to calculate the area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC). Results: Our cohort had 39 patients (56.1 ± 14.0 years) with a median follow-up of 348 days (IQR 134,597). NYHA Class was 2 (IQR 2,3), and 22 patients had chest pain. All patients had a diastolic septal bounce and either a >15% expiratory increase in early mitral inflow (n=26) or a medial e’ velocity ≤9 cm/s (n=27). Decreased age (51.8 v. 60.7 years, p = 0.02), increased NYHA class (3 v. 2, p = 0.02), chest pain (68.2% v. 31.8%, p =0.02), increased ESR (33 v. 11, p=0.01), increased LGE pericardial thickness (5 v. 4 mm, p = 0.04), and increased pericardial LGE volume (82 v. 35 mL, p Conclusions: In patients with constrictive pericarditis, a quantitative assessment of pericardial LGE predicts clinical resolution and has incremental prognostic value when added to clinical factors and ESR.