cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Adult credibility assessments of misinformed, deceptive and truthful children

This study compared how adults assess the credibility of children who either: (1) experienced a misleading suggestive interview, (2) were coached to lie or (3) experienced a non-misleading interview. Preschool children (N = 24) were interviewed about a game they had played. One third of them spontaneously reported the truth, one third lied in response to coaching and one third spontaneously reported misinformation from a prior misleading suggestive interview. One hundred and twenty-nine college students watched videotaped interviews of these children describing their alleged play activities and assessed their credibility. Children who had experienced misleading suggestive questioning were rated as less credible than those who were telling the truth and those who were lying. Adults could accurately detect truth-telling children above chance, whereas accuracy was below chance detecting both lying children and children who had been misinformed. Adults were most confident of their ratings of truth-telling children. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Language: en
Family- and sex-specific vocal traditions in a cooperatively breeding songbird

Although songbirds provide well–known examples of cultural transmission of vocalizations, little is known about this process in species that live in stable social groups. Here I describe complex vocal traditions in a cooperatively breeding songbird, the stripe–backed wren ( Campylorhynchus nuchalis ). Repertoires of stereotyped calls were recorded from individually marked males and females in cooperative family groups. Males in the same patriline, whether in the same group or in different groups, had call repertoires that were nearly identical. Females in the same matriline also had identical call repertoires; however, female calls never matched the calls of males in the same group or in any nearby groups. Unrelated birds almost never shared calls. Call repertoires are apparently learned preferentially from same–sex relatives within family groups, so that call traditions separately follow patrilines and matrilines. This unique pattern of transmission results in vocal cues that reflect both sex and kinship.
Kinematics and Dynamics Simulation of Key Components of Wind Turbine

In the article, blade element momentum theory is used for calculated aerodynamic load of blade under the different wind velocities. 3D model of key functional components such as blade, tower, hub and nacelle are modeled in Solidworks, the MNF files of blade and tower are gained in finite element analysis software after flexible processed, and the rigid-flexible multi-body dynamic model of the wind turbine’s key components is created in ADAMS. Through simulation of the model under constant rotate speed, kinematics and dynamics curves are got while the wind speed rise from 5m/s to 25m/s. This simulation can imitate vibration performance ideally. A feasible method is provided for the virtual prototype simulation of wind turbines.
A Parametrization of the Auction Design Space

Abstract We present an extensive breakdown of the auction design space that captures the essential similarities and differences of many auction mechanisms in a format more descriptive and useful than simple taxonomies. This parametrization serves as an organizational framework in which to classify work within the field and uncovers parameter combinations corresponding to novel mechanisms. The structured characterization of auction rules can be exploited for the modular design of configurable auction servers. It also facilitates the communication of auction rules to software agents, enabling the automation of flexible market-based negotiation. Journal of Economic Literature Classification Numbers: C70, D44.
Simulation of Injection Molding Using a Model with Delayed Fiber Orientation

Abstract Delay in fiber orientation evolution based on the Folgar-Tucker model with a slip parameter correction has been proposed as a simple alternative to improve predictions of fiber orientation in injection molded parts. Predictions based on this model and model parameters fitted to data from simple shear experiments were compared with experimentally determined fiber orientation in a center-gated disk. Three methods of fitting to simple shear data were assessed to obtain the isotropic diffusivity and the slip parameter. The model parameters and orientation data evaluated at the entry, lubrication and near-end-of fill regions in a center-gated disk for 30 wt.% short glass fiber-filled polybutylene terephtalate (PBT) were obtained from earlier efforts in our laboratory. Simulation results based on the Folgar-Tucker model with the slip correction using customarily assumed inlet orientation being random and experimentally measured at the gate disagreed with measured orientation values at certain positions...
Further data on the design of Eccles-Jordan flip-flops

The design of a prototype Eccles-Jordan flip-flop as used in large-scale digital computers is discussed, stressing the role of component variability. A graphical design technique is given, which should prove helpful in other switching circuit design problems using a large number of identical direct-coupled circuits.
Conflict and congruence in a combined DNA–morphology analysis of megachiropteran bat relationships (Mammalia: Chiroptera: Pteropodidae)

The phylogeny of megabats (Mammalia: Chiroptera: Megachiroptera) has been addressed only on molecular grounds, as little effort has previously been made to describe the impressive morphological variation of the group in terms of phylogenetically informative characters. Here we provide a morphological matrix of 236 characters from the integument, dentition, cranial and post-cranial skeleton, digestive apparatus and urogenital system. This data set covers most characters discussed previously in more restricted taxonomic contexts, as well a large number of new characters. Our aim was to generate a phylogenetic hypothesis for megabats based on a combined analysis of morphological characters and available gene sequence data from four mitochondrial and one nuclear loci. We used direct optimization under conventional equal costs, as well as under a cost ratio that maximizes homology when inapplicables (gaps) are present. Our results contradict the allegedly high level of conflict between the molecular and morphological partitions. We found that, although morphology alone recovered trees different and to some extent incompatible with those from previous molecular analyses, the combination of the two sources of evidence easily accommodated the morphological and molecular signals, yielding a resolved and relatively well-supported phylogeny of Megachiroptera that is in reasonable agreement with the current morphology-based taxonomy of the group. Overall congruence favored the maximization of homology by a narrow margin. In addition, partial analyses showed that implied weighting of morphology performed slightly better than equal weighting with respect to the combined analyses. © The Willi Hennig Society 2005.
FATIGUE BEHAVIOR OF A 2XXX SERIES ALUMINUM ALLOY REINFORCED WITH 15 VOL PCT SICP

The fatigue behavior of a naturally aged powder metallurgy 2xxx series aluminum alloy (Alcoa MB85) and a composite made of this alloy with 15 vol pct SiCp, has been investigated. Fatigue lives were determined using load-controlled axial testing of unnotched cylindrical samples. The influence of mean stress was determined at stress ratios of −1, 0.1, and 0.7. Mean stress had a significant influence on fatigue life, and this influence was consistent with that normally observed in metals. At each stress ratio, the incorporation of SiC reinforcement led to an increase in fatigue life at low and intermediate stresses. When considered on a strain-life basis, however, the composite materials had a somewhat inferior resistance to fatigue. Fatigue cracks initiated from several different microstructural features or defect types, but fatigue life did not vary significantly with the specific initiation site. As the fatigue crack advanced away from the fatigue crack initiation site, increasing numbers of SiC particles were fractured, in agreement with crack-tip process zone models.
Estimation of image bias field with sparsity constraints

We propose a new scheme to estimate image bias field through introducing two sparsity constraints. One is that the bias-free image has concise representation with image gradients or coefficients of other image transformations. The other constraint is that model fit on the bias field should be as concise as possible. The new scheme enables adaptive specifications of the estimated bias field's smoothness, and results in extremely accurate solutions with more efficient optimization techniques, e.g. linear programming. These distinguish our approaches from many previous methods. Our techniques can be applied to intensity inhomogeneity correction of medical images, illumination and vignetting estimation of images captured by digital cameras.
Coronary artery injection technique : A quantitative in vivo investigation using modern catheters

To date, there have been no quantitative in vivo assessments of contrast volumes and injection rates using modern high flow catheters during coronary angiography. Contrast volumes (n = 554), injection durations (n = 563), and injection rates (n = 498) were collected during 88 cardiac catheterizations. With increasing cathetersize (6, 7, and 8 French), injection volume increased (P < 0.0001), duration decreased (P < 0.0001), and rate increased (P < 0.0001). Compared with injections into the right coronary artery, left coronary artery injections were larger (7.1 ± 0.1 cc vs. 4.8 ± 0.1 cc, p < 0.0001), longer (3.6 ± 0.05 sec vs 3.0 ± 0.07 sec, P < 0.0001) and faster (2.1 ± 0.04 cc/sec vs. 1.7 ± 0.06 cc/sec, P < 0.0001). Patients with a significant stenosis in the left main or proximal right coronary artery received less contrast (P < 0.0001) more slowly (P < 0.0001) over a similar duration of injection (P = NS). When collaterals arose from the injected artery, angiographers injected more contrast (P < 0.001) over a longer period (P < 0.0001) more slowly (P < 0.0001). Catheter size and the injected vessel's location and anatomy significantly affect coronary catheterization injection technique. Cathet. Cardiovasc. Diagn. 44:34-39, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Neuropeptide Y in the central nucleus of the amygdala suppresses dependence-induced increases in alcohol drinking.

Abstract The anxiolytic effects of neuropeptide Y (NPY) are mediated in part by the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA), a brain region involved in the regulation of alcohol-drinking behaviors. Centrally administered NPY suppresses alcohol drinking in subpopulations of rats vulnerable to the development of high alcohol-drinking behavior. The purpose of the current study was to determine the role of NPY in the CeA on elevated alcohol drinking produced by alcohol dependence. Adult male Wistar rats were trained to respond for 10% w/v alcohol in an operant situation with the use of a supersaccharin fading procedure. Following stabilization of responding, rats were divided into two groups matched for intake and given daily access to either alcohol-containing (9.2% v/v) liquid diet or an isocaloric control diet. Following extended access to the diet and reliable separation of operant responding between dependent and non-dependent rats during 6-h withdrawal tests, all rats were implanted bilaterally with cannulae aimed at the CeA. Rats were then infused with 4 NPY doses (0.0, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0 μg/0.5 μl aCSF) in a within-subjects Latin-square design during acute withdrawal and tested for operant alcohol responding 30 min later. Alcohol-dependent rats exhibited higher operant alcohol responding than non-dependent rats when infused with vehicle, but responding was similar in the two groups following infusion of all doses of NPY. These results indicate that NPY abolishes dependence-induced elevations in alcohol drinking and implicate the recruitment of limbic NPY systems in the motivational drive to consume alcohol following the transition to dependence.
A sequential view of neurotransmitter release

Only a few years ago it was thought that a single Ca2+-dependent membrane binding protein might control regulated exocytosis, but it is now clear that the coordinated actions of a large number of proteins and lipids are required for the precise targeting, docking and fusion of vesicles to the plasma membrane. Thinking was focused in 1993 by the SNARE (soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion protein attachment protein receptor) hypothesis, which proposed that certain synaptic vesicle membrane proteins combined specifically with particular proteins in the synaptic membrane active zone to form a complex that interacted with synaptoplasmic proteins, ATP and calcium ions to fuse the vesicles with the presynaptic membrane. Much research that has followed has verified the basic predictions of the SNARE hypothesis. However, recent research indicates that SNARE proteins are more widely distributed in secretory systems and that the sequence in which the proteins function may not occur as was originally proposed. That has recently produced a period of deconstruction and reinterpretation of the SNARE hypothesis. Our present state of knowledge is briefly summarized in this review.
Infectious Complications in Patients With Left Ventricular Assist Device: Etiology and Outcomes in the Continuous-Flow Era

Background Continuous-flow left ventricular assist devices (LVAD) are increasingly being used in patients with end-stage heart failure and have largely replaced older generation pulsatile devices. While significant rates of infection have been reported in patients with pulsatile device support, incidence and outcomes of this complication for the continuous-flow device patients remain unknown. Methods Between June 2005 and August 2009, 81 patients were implanted with continuous-flow LVADs at Washington University School of Medicine either as bridge to transplantation or as destination therapy. Outcomes of this study included incidence of postimplantation infection, types of infection, microbiologic profile, and association of postimplantation infections with clinical endpoints. Results Forty-two patients (51.9%) had at least one type of infection on continuous-flow LVAD support with a mean follow-up period of 9.2 ± 9.2 months. Patients who had an infection on LVAD support had a significantly prolonged hospital stay (37.9 ± 32.0 versus 20.7 ± 23.0 days, p = 0.008) and a trend toward increased mortality (33.1% versus 18.7% at 2 years, respectively, log rank p = 0.102) compared with patients who did not. Subgroup analysis revealed that postimplantation sepsis was significantly associated with increased mortality in the continuous-flow LVAD cohort (61.9% versus 18.0% at 2 years, respectively, in septic and nonseptic patients, log rank p = 0.001). The majority of the sepsis cases occurred before hospital discharge, whereas most of the device related infections occurred after discharge. Resistant Staphylococcus and Pseudomonas species were the most common pathogens leading to device- and nondevice-related local infections. Development of driveline or pocket infection had no effect on survival in patients with continuous-flow assist device support ( p = 0.193). Conclusions Even though better clinical outcomes have been achieved with the newer generation continuous-flow devices, infection complications—in particular sepsis—are still a major risk for patients with continuous-flow LVAD implantation. Prevention strategies with aggressive medical and surgical management of infections may increase survival and decrease morbidity among continuous-flow LVAD patients.
Maculopathy Caused by Intra-arterially Administered Cisplatin and Intravenously Administered Carmustine

Eight patients with malignant gliomas were monitored with clinical examinations to study the effects of the combination of intravenous administration of carmustine and infraophthalmic intra-arterial administration of cisplatin on retinal and optic nerve function. Three patients developed a severe macular retinal pigment abnormality in the eye ipsilateral to the intra-arterial infusion. Electrophysiologic studies disclosed no evidence of a generalized disturbance in the photoreceptors, middle retinal layers, or retinal pigment epithelium. In contrast to previous studies involving patients whose visual loss was caused by vaso-occlusive lesions in the retina and optic nerve, our study involved patients with clinically significant maculopathy, that was not vascular in origin and that developed after treatment with carmustine and cisplatin. We suggest that the deficit may result from a localized retinal pigment disturbance in the macula.
Statistical study of the grid zone behavior in a shallow gas—solid fluidized bed using a mini-capacitance probe

Abstract The behavior of the grid zone in a shallow-air-sand fluidized bed was studied by means of a mini-capacitance probe coupled with the on-line correlation technique. Experiments were carried out in a bed with a diameter of 203 mm. The bed had a height of 50 mm and was operated at different air flow rates. A perforated “plexiglas” plate with a hole diameter of 1.59 mm and a thickness of 9.53 mm was used as the distributor. The technique has been found to be effective in determining locally or microscopically the jet penetration depth and the dead zone height. The phenomenon of jetting in a shallow gas—solid fluidized bed is described semi-quantitatively.
Avian cytosolic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase: evaluation of the role of cysteines in reaction chemistry.

Abstract The pH dependence of avian cytosolic HMG-CoA synthase activity is fit by a titration curve with a pK = 8.6. The observation of optimal activity at alkaline pH and the insensitivity of pK to divalent cation concentration suggest that the pK reflects ionization of an amino-acid side chain (e.g., cysteinyl sulfhydryl) rather than substrate enolization. Upon reaction of 3-chloropropionyl-CoA with HMG-CoA synthase C129S, an enzyme variant lacking the sulfhydryl group normally targeted by this mechanism-based inhibitor, stoichiometric modification occurs. Amino-acid analysis indicates that cysteine is the principal target in C129S enzyme, demonstrating the presence of a second reactive cysteine within this enzyme. To test whether another cysteine functions in reaction chemistry, conserved cysteines were identified by sequence homology analysis. Five cysteine residues (C59, C69, C224, C232, C268), invariant in the nine sequences available for various eukaryotic HMG-CoA synthase isozymes, were individually replaced by alanine in a series of mutant enzymes. Kinetic analyses of the isolated mutant HMG-CoA synthases indicate that none of these is crucial to the chemistry that results in production of HMG-CoA. These results further distinguish the HMG-CoA synthase reaction from the related condensation of acyl-CoA substrates catalyzed by β-ketothiolase.
Transverse waveguide mode suppression for Pt-electrode SAW resonators on Quartz and LGS

SAW resonators on ST-X quartz and langasite (LGS) [0°, 144°, 24°] are currently being used for hydrogen fluoride (HF) vapor sensing and high-temperature sensing, respectively. For these applications, the use of Pt-based electrodes allows the resonators to withstand the targeted harsh environments. This work reveals that for Pt-electrode resonators with conventional short-circuit gratings on the aforementioned quartz and LGS orientations, acoustic energy leaks from the grating region to the bus bars, thus degrading the resonator response. To resolve this problem, this paper proposes and implements open-circuit gratings for resonators fabricated with these substrate/metal combinations. The open-circuit gratings guide the acoustic energy within the grating region, resulting in greater quality factors and reduced losses in the resonator response. In addition, scalar potential theory is utilized in this work to identify transverse waveguide modes in the responses of open-circuit grating resonators on quartz and LGS. A transverse waveguide mode dispersion relation was derived to extend the scalar potential theory to account for asymmetry in the slowness curve around the propagation direction. This is the case for several commonly used LGS orientations, in particular LGS [0°, 144°, 24°]. Finally, this work addresses spurious transverse mode mitigation by scaling both the transducer's grating aperture and electrode overlap width. Open circuit grating resonators with appropriately scaled transducer designs were fabricated and tested, resulting in a 71% increase in quality factor and a spurious mode rejection of over 26 dBc for Pt-electrode devices on ST-X quartz. This progress directly translates into better frequency resolution and increased dynamic range for HF vapor sensors and high-temperature SAW devices.
Field-ion microscope investigations of fine structures in as-quenched and tempered ferrous martensite

Abstract The fine structures in as-quenched and tempered martensite in an Fe-0.8% C-0.4% Mn steel was investigated with hydrogen-ion microscopy. Field-ion image characteristics and contrast features of these materials were examined. In the images of as-quenched martensite both twinned and untwinned regions were observed and crystallographic as well as morphological data on the transformation twins were obtained. Variation in microstructural features occurring during tempering were studied and a comparison was made between microstructure and hardness. The contribution of various hardening mechanisms was discussed for the peak-hardness in the first stage of tempering.
A decline in benthic foraminifera following the deepwater horizon event in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico.

Sediment cores were collected from three sites (1000–1200 m water depth) in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico from December 2010 to June 2011 to assess changes in benthic foraminiferal density related to the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) event (April-July 2010, 1500 m water depth). Short-lived radioisotope geochronologies (210Pb, 234Th), organic geochemical assessments, and redox metal concentrations were determined to relate changes in sediment accumulation rate, contamination, and redox conditions with benthic foraminiferal density. Cores collected in December 2010 indicated a decline in density (80–93%). This decline was characterized by a decrease in benthic foraminiferal density and benthic foraminiferal accumulation rate (BFAR) in the surface 10 mm relative to the down-core mean in all benthic foraminifera, including the dominant genera (Bulimina spp., Uvigerina spp., and Cibicidoides spp.). Cores collected in February 2011 documented a site-specific response. There was evidence of a recovery in the benthic foraminiferal density and BFAR at the site closest to the wellhead (45 NM, NE). However, the site farther afield (60 NM, NE) recorded a continued decline in benthic foraminiferal density and BFAR down to near-zero values. This decline in benthic foraminiferal density occurred simultaneously with abrupt increases in sedimentary accumulation rates, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentrations, and changes in redox conditions. Persistent reducing conditions (as many as 10 months after the event) in the surface of these core records were a possible cause of the decline. Another possible cause was the increase (2–3 times background) in PAH’s, which are known to cause benthic foraminifera mortality and inhibit reproduction. Records of benthic foraminiferal density coupled with short-lived radionuclide geochronology and organic geochemistry were effective in quantifying the benthic response and will continue to be a valuable tool in determining the long-term effects of the DWH event on a larger spatial scale.
Interleukin receptor-associated kinase-4 deficiency impairs Toll-like receptor-dependent innate antiviral immune responses.

Background Engagement of all known Toll-like receptors (TLRs) causes the production of inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, whereas in humans, engagement of TLRs 3, 7, 8, and 9 also induces type I IFNs. IRAK-4 is a critical effector in signaling by TLRs and the IL-1 receptor, which share homology in their intracellular domain and recruit IRAK-4 via the adaptor myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88). Patients with IRAK-4 deficiency are susceptible to invasive bacterial infections but have so far not been reported to be susceptible to viral infection. Blood cells from these patients are impaired in their ability to make TNF-α in response to activation by TLRs. A recent report has described concomitant impairment of type I IFN production after activation of TLRs 7, 8, and 9, but not TLR3. Objectives We sought to evaluate the role of IRAK-4 in TLR-induced production of the type I IFN, IFN-α, in humans. Methods We examined TLR-induced production of TNF-α and IFN-α in PBMCs from an IRAK-4–deficient patient, his heterozygous carrier parents, and normal controls. Results TNF-α production in response to TLR agonists was severely impaired in the patient. IFN-α production induced by TLR7, TLR8, and TLR9, as well as TLR3 agonists, was low or absent. Conclusions IRAK-4 plays an important role in the production of type I IFN, as well as TNF-α, induced by all TLRs, including TLR3. Clinical implications IRAK-4 may play a broader role in human innate antiviral immunity than previously appreciated.
Guest editors' introduction: challenges in designing fault-tolerant routing in networks

+I INRE arc several means nf intercomiecting the compoT nents of a computer system. Components can be connccted through direct or indirect connections. In a direct network, channels directly connect each processor. Neighboring nodes communicate with each other by scnding messages across the channcls. In an indirect network, processors are cnnnccted through switches and/or buses. Depending on how components are connected, we have bus-based networks, router-based networks, switcli-bascd networks, and cluster-based (hybrid of the other thrce networks) nctworks. Nctworks can also be classified bascd on topologies, which cau be either replnr or irregulnr. Anothcr classification is based on applications-there are local arca networks (LANs), networks of workstations (NOWs), multiprocessors, and mobilc networks. In a computer network, the efficiency of a routing process is critical to the system performance. A routing process deals with moving data between processors in a given network. When a routing process involves oiic source and onc destination, it is called unicnst or poirit-lopoint communication. When such a proccss involves more than one source and/or one destination, it is called a collective comrnlrnicntion process. Examples of collective communication include iirulticnst (one-to-many, one source and many destinations), brundcnst (one-to-all), and gossip (all-to-all).
There is more consensus in Egalitarian parliaments

This paper describes the design and implementation of Egalitarian Paxos (EPaxos), a new distributed consensus algorithm based on Paxos. EPaxos achieves three goals: (1) optimal commit latency in the wide-area when tolerating one and two failures, under realistic conditions; (2) uniform load balancing across all replicas (thus achieving high throughput); and (3) graceful performance degradation when replicas are slow or crash.Egalitarian Paxos is to our knowledge the first protocol to achieve the previously stated goals efficiently---that is, requiring only a simple majority of replicas to be non-faulty, using a number of messages linear in the number of replicas to choose a command, and committing commands after just one communication round (one round trip) in the common case or after at most two rounds in any case. We prove Egalitarian Paxos's properties theoretically and demonstrate its advantages empirically through an implementation running on Amazon EC2.
Fluorogenic Peptides Containing Only α-Amino Acids

Abstract Fluorogenic substrates for endopeptidases are often prepared by attaching fluorophores and quenchers to opposite ends of the peptide substrates. Here, we describe a new approach by incorporating tryptophan and p-nitrophenylalanine into peptides to give fluorogenic substrates composed entirely of α-amino acids. Two advantages are apparent: (1) They can be prepared on a peptide synthesizer; no synthetic expertise is required. (2) Both ends of these peptides are free; other residues can be attached to increase their solubilities or to label them with affinity ligands. We tested the applicability of this new approach by developing a continuous assay for renin, a protease with unusually stringent substrate specificity. The fact that new fluorogenic peptides exhibited similar kinetic properties as those of known renin substrates suggests that this new method should be generally applicable to other proteases.
Environmental sustainability in the third‐party logistics (3PL) industry

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to document the extent to which large third‐party logistics (3PL) companies have committed themselves to environmental sustainability goals. It also aims to examine the sustainability initiatives undertaken by those companies and the impact of those initiatives on the 3PL and their customers. Finally, the research seeks to examine the impact of the global recession of 2008‐2009 not only on the commitment of the 3PL to their sustainability goals but also on how the recession impacted 3PL customer interest in such goals.Design/methodology/approach – The data upon which this paper is based was generated in two annual surveys of the chief executive officers of 40 large 3PL companies operating in North America, Europe, and the Asia‐Pacific region. These surveys were conducted in 2008 and 2009 and were part of a long‐term series of annual surveys that began in 1994.Findings – The findings indicate that nearly all of the companies involved in the surveys have made substanti...
Predicted properties of CO monolayers on graphite

Abstract The structure and orientations of CO monolayers deposited on graphite are calculated using a pattern recognition optimization of the energy. The results were found to depend importantly on assumptions made concerning the applicability of various substrate mediated interactions that have been proposed, and on the nature of CO-CO interaction itself. Despite these uncertainties, the calculations clearly show that the low density structures are herringbone with the molecules tilting slightly out of the substrate plane. Although the registered herringbone is energetically more favorable at ϱ/ϱ0 = 1, where ϱ0 is the density at registry, than the unregistered herringbone, its thermodynamic stability depends on the magnitude of the substrate mediated interactions incorporated into the calculations. With increasing density a minimum in the energy occurs at ϱ/ϱ 0 ⋍ 1.12 . The equilibrium structure for all densities ϱ/ϱ0 ≳ 1.12 is a four sublattice pinwheel arrangement that is thermodynamically stable. Thus, these results are generally in agreement with experiment. Contrary to experiment, however, is the prediction of orientational ordering with respect to the two dissimilar ends of the molecules, and reasons for this difference are presented. Properties of small clusters of N molecules deposited on graphite, 1 ≤ N ≤ 6, are also calculated. They register on the substrate which supports evidence that registered islands of CO form in the region 0≤ϱ/ϱ0≤1.
Sensory aspects of the control of orientation to prey by the waterstrider, Gerris remigis

1. Sensory aspects of the control of orientation to surface ripples have been examined in the waterstrider. The angular component of the motor response of tethered animals is highly correlated with the angular deviation of a target from the longitudinal body axis (Fig. 1). 2. Amputation of three unilateral legs just proximal to the tibio-tarsal joint blocks normal orientation. Most turns by these preparations are directed toward the intact side irrespective of target position (Fig. 3). Amputations at more distal points on the legs have no observable effect (Fig. 2). 3. Orientation does not depend on a full complement of receptors since responses normally correlated with target deviation do occur when the target is ipsilateral to the intact receptors of a unilaterally amputated preparation (negative target deviations, Fig. 3). 4. A series of ablation experiments suggests that the system may function by determining the receptor nearest the source of ripples since a number of fairly accurate predictions can be made by assuming this is the case (Figs. 5, 6, 7, 9). 5. Each receptor has a negative influence on the torque elicited by an ipsilateral and more posterior receptor.
Severe Aortic Regurgitation Secondary to Antisynthetase Syndrome

A 47-year-old woman with hypertension and a history of antisynthetase syndrome (ASS) diagnosed in 2002 (positive anti-PL-7 antibodies) and on long-term immunosuppressive therapy was admitted to the hospital in 2008 for worsening chest pain, shortness of breath, hypoxemia, and diffuse muscle weakness. Plain chest radiograph showed bilateral lower-lobe infiltrates and computed tomography confirmed bilateral patchy infiltrates consistent with interstitial lung disease. After being treated aggressively with high-dose immunosuppressive therapy, the patient improved and was discharged home. She was subsequently readmitted a few days later with progressive dyspnea. A transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) showed moderate to severe aortic regurgitation (Figure 1A; online-only Data Supplement Movie IA and IB) that was not present in a prior TTE performed 4 months before admission (requested to screen for left ventricular hypertrophy; patient was asymptomatic at that time; Figure 1B and online-only Data Supplement Movie IIA and IIB). During the next 4 weeks, …
Neural network applications in consumer behavior

Abstract This article introduces the concepts and terminology of artificial neural networks. The approach is demonstrated on data that represent a domain of interest to the consumer psychologist. ANNs are mathematical models that are commonly used in business applications to model relationships between variables. A key strength of ANNs is their flexibility, i.e. their ability to easily accommodate linear and non-linear relationships without any a priori functional form specification. They can easily be used to study topics of interest to consumer psychologists such as persuasion, influence, segmentation etc and can offer distinct advantages over traditional statistical techniques such as ANOVA and regression. We demonstrate the application of ANNs in three different areas: regression, non-linear principal component analysis and classification.
The RNA-binding motif 45 (RBM45) protein accumulates in inclusion bodies in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration with TDP-43 inclusions (FTLD-TDP) patients

RNA-binding protein pathology now represents one of the best characterized pathologic features of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration patients with TDP-43 or FUS pathology (FTLD-TDP and FTLD-FUS). Using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, we identified altered levels of the RNA-binding motif 45 (RBM45) protein in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of ALS patients. This protein contains sequence similarities to TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) and fused-in-sarcoma (FUS) that are contained in cytoplasmic inclusions of ALS and FTLD-TDP or FTLD-FUS patients. To further characterize RBM45, we first verified the presence of RBM45 in CSF and spinal cord tissue extracts of ALS patients by immunoblot. We next used immunohistochemistry to examine the subcellular distribution of RBM45 and observed in a punctate staining pattern within nuclei of neurons and glia in the brain and spinal cord. We also detected RBM45 cytoplasmic inclusions in 91 % of ALS, 100 % of FTLD-TDP and 75 % of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) cases. The most extensive RBM45 pathology was observed in patients that harbor the C9ORF72 hexanucleotide repeat expansion. These RBM45 inclusions were observed in spinal cord motor neurons, glia and neurons of the dentate gyrus. By confocal microscopy, RBM45 co-localizes with ubiquitin and TDP-43 in inclusion bodies. In neurons containing RBM45 cytoplasmic inclusions we often detected the protein in a punctate pattern within the nucleus that lacked either TDP-43 or ubiquitin. We identified RBM45 using a proteomic screen of CSF from ALS and control subjects for candidate biomarkers, and link this RNA-binding protein to inclusion pathology in ALS, FTLD-TDP and AD.
Biostratigraphy of Graptolite-Bearing Beds of Upper Ordovician Maquoketa Formation of Northeastern Iowa: ABSTRACT

A graptolite fauna comprised of 3 species is present in the lower Elgin Member of the Maquoketa Formation. Although this fauna has been reported previously, revision and reevaluation of the taxonomy are proposed. The following taxa merit discussion and revision: "Diplograptus peosta" (Hall) belongs to the species group Orthograptus truncatus Lapworth. Its geographically and chronologically restricted occurrence dictates a subspecific designation. Climacograptus putillus (Hall) is a species which is very similar to C. mississippiensis Ruedemann. The 2 species differ with regard to the origin of the median septum; however, other strong affinities should be considered in a revision of both species. An unnamed subspecies of Orthograptus quadrimucronatus exhibits affinities wi h 2 subspecies from eastern North America. Its small size and restricted occurrence separate it as a distinct subspecies. The stratigraphic and geographic distribution of graptoloid species within the Maquoketa Formation suggests that 2 graptolite zones exist and the graptoloid species are provincial within both zones. Individually the graptoloid species of the Maquoketa Formation are similar to species reported to be late Caradocian, early Ashgillian, Edenian, Maysvillian, and Richmondian in age. Comparison of the Maquoketa graptolites with faunas of eastern and western North America suggests a discrepancy in previous correlations between the Richmond Stage and the Dicellograptus complanatus zone of western Texas. The graptolite fauna as a whole is correlated with the faunas of the Haymeadow Creek Member of northern Michigan as well as the upper Utica Formation of New York and Canada. End_of_Article - Last_Page 626------------
Motor synergies: feedback and error compensation within and between trials

The aim of the current study was to examine the influence of visual feedback on compensatory variations in force within and between trials. In Experiment 1, the task was to maintain a constant force of 5 N for 15 s using both index fingers. In Experiment 2, the task was to produce discrete force pulses such that the peak value of the sum of the two finger forces was 5 N. In both experiments, there were three conditions that manipulated the amount of visual feedback of the force trace. Results showed that the within-trial correlations between the finger forces increased when feedback was degraded, indicating that the two fingers were increasingly constrained toward acting as a single unit. Similarly, between-trial correlations showed that the amount of error compensation decreased when feedback was removed, indicating that participants produced a smaller set of goal equivalent solutions. It appears that feedback has a dual role in coordination-removing the constraints on the degrees of freedom within trials, and facilitating the utilization of redundancy between trials. The distinction between these two classes of variation is central to understanding the redundancy problem in motor control.
The Mechanism of Semibullvalene Bromination

A mechanism for semibullvalene bromination is proposed based on quantum chemical calculations. This mechanism involves concerted bromine addition and cyclopropane ring-opening to form an allylic cation, without the intermediacy of a bromonium or a cyclopropylcarbinyl cation. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Noise in mixers, oscillators, samplers, and logic an introduction to cyclostationary noise

The proliferation of wireless and mobile products has dramatically increased the number and variety of low power, high performance electronic systems being designed. Noise is an important limiting factor in these systems. The noise generated is often cyclostationary. This type of noise cannot be predicted using SPICE, nor is it well handled by traditional test equipment such as spectrum analyzers or noise figure meters, but it is available from the new RF simulators. The origins and characteristics of cyclostationary noise are described in a way that allows designers to understand the impact of cyclostationarity on their circuits. In particular, cyclostationary noise in time-varying systems (mixers), sampling systems (switched filters and sample/holds), thresholding systems (logic circuitry), and autonomous systems (oscillators) is discussed.
An Analog VLSI Stimulation and Recording System for Extracelluar Interfacing

This paper presents an analog VLSI system for extracellular interfacing to in vitro neural cultures on multielectrode arrays (MEAs). The design offers significant advantages: scalability to large numbers of electrodes, experimental flexibility in stimulation patterns, and suppression of stimulus artifacts. The paper includes experimental data demonstrating the performance of the recording system. Through the use of artifact suppression circuitry, the system reduces the duration of stimulus artifacts to < 2 ms. This reduction is effective for the stimulation electrode as well as neighboring electrodes
Does Religiousness Increase with Age? Age Changes and Generational Differences Over 35 Years

We examine aging patterns and generational trends in religion using 35 years of survey data from 420 four-generation families and in-depth interviews with a subset of 25 families. Results indicate the importance of three time-related effects on religiosity: individual aging and religious development over the life course; cohort influences; and effects of historical trends in religion. Results indicate an overall aging effect with an upward drift in religious intensity and strength of beliefs over the adult lifespan, though religious attendance remains generally stable over adulthood until it drops in late life. Growth curves show that the oldest generations (G1 and G2) display a “retirement surge” in religiosity. Trajectories of change for G3s and G4s reflect both lifecycle and cohort effects. Qualitative analysis provides insight concerning the generational differences identified in the survey, suggesting two trends: (1) from older- to later-born age groups, spirituality becomes increasingly decoupled from religion; (2) conceptualizations of the divine show a shift from a God who is primarily transcendent (“out there”) for the G1s to one that is more imminent and personal in the G4s.
Effect of Increased Heat Processing and Particle Size on Phosphorus Bioavailability in Corn Distillers Dried Grains with Solubles

Previous studies have reported that increased heat processing and feeding larger particle size ingredients may increase the bioavailability of phytate P in some feedstuffs. Therefore, one chick experiment was conducted to determine the effect of various increased heat processing treatments on bioavailability of P in corn distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS), and 2 chick experiments were conducted to determine the effect of particle size on bioavailability of P in DDGS. In addition, one precision-fed cecectomized rooster assay was conducted to evaluate the effects of increased heating on amino acid digestibility. For the chick experiments, a P-deficient cornstarch-dextrose-soybean meal basal diet containing 0.10% nonphytate P was supplemented with 0.0, 0.05, or 0.10% P from KH(2)PO(4) or 1 of 2 levels of DDGS. Diets were fed from 8 to 22 d of age, and P bioavailability relative to the P in KH(2)PO(4) was estimated using the standard curve or slope-ratio methods with tibia ash as the response variable. Increased heating of DDGS by autoclaving at 124 kPa and 121 degrees C for 60 to 80 min or by heating in a drying oven at 121 degrees C for 60 min significantly increased relative P bioavailability in DDGS (from 70 to as high as 91%) in several treatments. Amino acid digestibility, however, was greatly reduced by increased heating in most cases, particularly for Lys. Relative bioavailability of P was not significantly affected by DDGS particle sizes ranging from 542 to 837 microm. Our results indicated that increased heating of DDGS increased bioavailability of P but decreased digestibility of amino acids, particularly Lys, and that bioavailability of P was not affected by particle size.
In Situ Measurement of Soil Heat Flux with the Gradient Method

The use of soil heat flux as a critical component of the surface energy balance is routine; however, its accurate quantification is not. The direct measurement of soil heat flux is generally accomplished with soil heat flux plates. However, the presence of heat flux plates causes perturbations in heat and fluid flow in the soil that may give rise to measurement errors. We describe here the direct measurement of soil heat flux with the gradient technique using a tri-needle instrument, where soil heat flux is the product of the soil thermal conductivity measured by transient heating of the center needle and the soil temperature gradient measured between the outer needles. Soil heat fluxes measured this way were compared with those obtained from commercially available soil heat flux plates. Laboratory trials revealed good precision and accuracy (error generally <5%) in measurements of thermal conductivity and soil heat flux with the heated needle technique in a medium-textured sand, but exposed occasional errors in the accurate determination of thermal conductivity arising from poor sensor-soil thermal contact in a coarser medium. Extended field data in a finer-textured soil showed good agreement among needle sensors and heat flux plates, and surprisingly did not reveal errors associated with fluid blockage by the heat flux plates. Our results indicate that the measurement of soil heat flux with the gradient technique with needle sensors is a viable alternative to heat flux plates, and may improve absolute accuracy of this measurement.
Increased number of activated T cells in lymphocyte subsets of maltreated children: data from a pilot study.

article i nfo Objective: Maltreatment in childhood has been related to enduring changes in the immune system of adults, such as increased cell-mediated immune response. Purpose: Due to the lack of data in children, this study examined lymphocyte subset numbers and distribution during youth. Methods: In 27 cases of 42 healthy but maltreated children, fully participating at follow-up 1-3 years after the intervention of child protection team, and 19 cases of previously matched controls, analysis of blood samples by fluorescent activated cell sorter was consented. Results: With regard to age references, total lymphocyte counts were aberrant in maltreated children but not in controls. When compared to controls, the percentages and absolute numbers of activated (HLA-DR+) CD4+helper and CD8+cytotoxic T cells were significantly higher in maltreated children. Conclusions: According to the typical distribution of HLA-DR+cells we assumed an increased stimulated cell-mediated immune function in maltreated children.