cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Automating social network models for tuberculosis contact investigation

Contact investigation to locate individuals at risk of acquiring tuberculosis can be an effective procedure, yet the resulting data can be unstandardized and difficult for disease investigators to synthesize when searching for transmission patterns. Social networks have been increasingly used to visualize these transmission patterns and to guide further contact investigation. Although off-the-shelf software exists to display networks, use of these tools requires technical knowledge, data manipulation, and database experience. In this dissertation, I hypothesize that software enabling interactive querying and visualization of networks will improve health workers' access to this data, and that contact investigation data are sufficiently standardized to utilize social network models. The utility of social network models for contact investigation is first shown though case studies in San Francisco in which manually-generated networks are used to describe the social structure underlying two distinct outbreaks in homeless shelter and daycare settings. The nature of household contacts is also explored, showing a possible relationship between housing density and incidence of tuberculosis. Having provisionally demonstrated the utility of these models, I developed the Outbreak Investigator, a user-friendly tool that uses graph layout algorithms to automatically produce interactive social network graphics based on natural language queries. The tool is designed to simplify adaptation to alternate database architectures, and the user interface uses pre-defined queries developed in consultation with infectious disease controllers. Formal evaluation of the software supports the primary hypothesis: users saved time performing common queries with Outbreak Investigator, and their overall satisfaction was improved over existing software. The standardization of contact investigation data is addressed with a nationwide survey of contact investigation forms, which are statistically analyzed to identify a core set of fields appropriate for social network models. The results points to a path of standardization and greater data consistency. This dissertation contributes to public health informatics by integrating social network modeling tools with under-utilized public health data, enabling widespread evaluation of a promising technique to improve outbreak management in tuberculosis and other diseases.
Switching between internally and externally focused attention in obsessive-compulsive disorder: Abnormal visual cortex activation and connectivity

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is characterized by excessive absorption with internally-generated distressing thoughts and urges, with difficulty incorporating external information running counter to their fears and concerns. In the present study, we experimentally probed this core feature of OCD through the use of a novel attention switching task that investigates transitions between internally focused (IF) and externally focused (EF) attentional states. Eighteen OCD patients and 18 controls imagined positive and negative personal event scenarios (IF state) or performed a color-word Stroop task (EF state). The IF/EF states were followed by a target detection (TD) task requiring responses to external stimuli. Compared to controls, OCD patients made significantly more errors and showed reduced activation of superior and inferior occipital cortex, thalamus, and putamen during TD following negative IF, with the inferior occipital hypoactivation being significantly greater for TD following negative IF compared to TD following the other conditions. Patients showed stronger functional connectivity between the inferior occipital region and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex. These findings point to an OCD-related impairment in the visual processing of external stimuli specifically when they follow a period of negative internal focus, and suggest that future treatments may wish to target the transition between attentional states.
A guarded circuit for the measurement of dielectric properties at radio frequencies

The present method employs the very commonplace phenomenon of timing a parallel combination of inductance and capacitance to resonance. In Fig. 1 a constant voltage E is applied to the L C tuning circuit and C is varied until the current I is a minimum. This residual current is a measure of the total loss of the tank circuit. This loss may be indicated by a figure in mhos conductance, that is the quotient of I/E. When a specimen C x is placed across condenser C and the circuit retuned a greater residual current results. The change in the setting of C is a measure of the specimen capacitance and the increase in mhos conductance is a measure of the specimen loss.
Findings and Impact of Early Imaging After Partial Nephrectomy.

Abstract Introduction: American Urological Association guidelines for surveillance of renal-cell carcinoma after partial nephrectomy recommend imaging within 3–12 months of surgery. Imaging followi...
Socialization and language self-adaptation in digital ecosystems

Socialization is an essential process for building any society in natural ecosystems. In recent years, effective socialization processes have been investigated also within digital ecosystems also in the perspective of common and self-adaptive languages that allowboth "biotic" (human) and "abiotic" (physical) entities to socialize. In this paper, we propose a socialization and language self-adaptation method for enabling effective communicative interaction amongdigital entities acting in a digital ecosystem. The proposed method relies on an adaptableand extensible grammatical formalism, named Digital Ecosystem Grammar (DEG), which allows digital entities, represented as a multi-agent system, to interpret the messages expressed by other entities by using interaction, learning and evolution actions.Moreover, a grammar learning algorithm is applied to provide the self-adaptation mechanisms that allow the digital environment to adapt the interaction languageaccording to new incoming messages.
Brachytherapy Improves Survival in Stage III Endometrial Cancer With Cervical Involvement.

Purpose To evaluate the survival benefit of adding vaginal brachytherapy (BT) to pelvic external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) in women with stage III endometrial cancer. Methods and Materials The National Cancer Data Base was used to identify patients with stage III endometrial cancer from 2004 to 2013. Only women who received adjuvant EBRT were analyzed. Women were grouped according to receipt of BT. Logistic regression modeling was used to identify predictors of receiving BT. Log–rank statistics were used to compare survival outcomes. Cox proportional hazards modeling was used to evaluate the effect of BT on survival. A propensity score–matched analysis was also conducted among women with cervical involvement. Results We evaluated 12,988 patients with stage III endometrial carcinoma, 39% of whom received EBRT plus BT. Women who received BT were more likely to have endocervical or cervical stromal involvement (odds ratios 2.03 and 1.77; P P P P =.84). For women with endocervical or cervical stromal invasion, the addition of BT significantly improved survival (log–rank P P =.01). Conclusions In this population of women with stage III endometrial cancer the addition of BT to EBRT was associated with an improvement in survival for women with endocervical or cervical stromal invasion.
Energy-Efficient and Improved Image Recognition with Conditional Deep Learning

Deep-learning neural networks have proven to be very successful for a wide range of recognition tasks across modern computing platforms. However, the computational requirements associated with such deep nets can be quite high, and hence their energy-efficient implementation is of great interest. Although, traditionally, the entire network is utilized for the recognition of all inputs, we observe that the classification difficulty varies widely across inputs in real-world datasets; only a small fraction of inputs requires the full computational effort of a network, while a large majority can be classified correctly with very low effort. In this article, we propose Conditional Deep Learning (CDL), where the convolutional layer features are used to identify the variability in the difficulty of input instances and conditionally activate the deeper layers of the network. We achieve this by cascading a linear network of output neurons for each convolutional layer and monitoring the output of the linear network to decide whether classification can be terminated at the current stage or not. The proposed methodology thus enables the network to dynamically adjust the computational effort depending on the difficulty of the input data while maintaining competitive classification accuracy. The overall energy benefits for MNIST/CIFAR10/Tiny ImageNet datasets with state-of-the-art deep-learning architectures are 1.84 × /2.83 × /4.02 × , respectively. We further employ the conditional approach to train deep-learning networks from scratch with integrated supervision from the additional output neurons appended at the intermediate convolutional layers. Our proposed integrated CDL training leads to an improvement in the gradient convergence behavior giving substantial error rate reduction on MNIST/CIFAR-10, resulting in improved classification over state-of-the-art baseline networks.
Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 as an Antifibrotic: Antagonism of Myofibroblast Differentiation and Suppression of Pro-Fibrotic Gene Expression

Fibrosis is a pathological condition that is characterized by the replacement of dead or damaged tissue with a nonfunctional, mechanically aberrant scar, and fibrotic pathologies account for nearly half of all deaths worldwide. The causes of fibrosis differ somewhat from tissue to tissue and pathology to pathology, but in general some of the cellular and molecular mechanisms remain constant regardless of the specific pathology in question. One of the common mechanisms underlying fibroses is the paradigm of the activated fibroblast, termed the "myofibroblast," a differentiated mesenchymal cell with demonstrated contractile activity and a high rate of collagen deposition. Fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2), one of the members of the mammalian fibroblast growth factor family, is a cytokine with demonstrated antifibrotic activity in non-human animal, human, and in vitro models. FGF2 is highly pleiotropic and its receptors are present on many different cell types throughout the body, lending a great deal of variety to the potential mechanisms of FGF2 effects on fibrosis. However, recent reports demonstrate that a substantial contribution to the antifibrotic effects of FGF2 comes from the inhibitory effects of FGF2 on connective tissue fibroblasts, activated myofibroblasts, and myofibroblast progenitors. FGF2 demonstrates effects antagonistic towards fibroblast activation and towards mesenchymal transition of potential myofibroblast-forming cells, as well as promotes a gene expression paradigm more reminiscent of regenerative healing, such as that which occurs in the fetal wound healing response, than fibrotic resolution. With a better understanding of the mechanisms by which FGF2 alters the wound healing cascade and results in a shift away from scar formation and towards functional tissue regeneration, we may be able to further address the critical need of therapy for varied fibrotic pathologies across myriad tissue types.
The torsion texture of copper

Pole figures are presented which describe the texture of OFHC copper and electrolytic, tough-pitch copper subjected to various amounts of torsional strain. The development of the torsion texture does not appear to be influenced by the principal normal strain history since all pole figures are symmetrical about directions parallel and perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the torsion specimen. An explanation of the mode of plastic flow in pure torsion has been suggested.
Active Learning Strategies for the Mathematics Classroom.

Active learning involves students engaging with course content beyond lecture: through writing, applets, simulations, games, and more (Prince, 2004). As mathematics is often viewed as a subject are...
Habitat Use of the Piñon Mouse (Peromyscus truei) in the Toiyabe Range, Central Nevada

Pinon-juniper woodland is expanding across much of western North America. In the Great Basin, woodland expansion has encroached on native shrublands, threatening species that have close associations with the sagebrush ecosystem. Pinon-juniper woodlands also harbor great biodiversity, and the response of woodland specialists to expansion has been less well studied than that of shrubland specialists. Here, we use occupancy and abundance modeling, accounting for imperfect detection, to assess habitat use of a woodland specialist, the pinon mouse (Peromyscus truei). Our study occurred in the Toiyabe Range of central Nevada, an area P. truei is thought to have recently colonized. Understanding habitat use at an expanding range margin can have important implications for dispersal-mediated woodland expansion. Peromyscus truei was documented in a wide range of conditions, including nonwoodland and woodland habitats, across the latitudinal and elevational extent of the mountain range. Occupancy models suggest that P. truei occurrences are most associated with the presence of pinon pine. For abundance, our global model was the best supported, indicating that no one environmental factor or set of factors considered were found to structure abundance. Chi-square tests indicate that use of woodland versus nonwoodland habitats by P. truei is not structured by age or sex. Although P. truei was found in a range of habitat types, we cannot conclude whether it is more appropriate to characterize this species as a habitat generalist, or whether postcolonization abiotic and biotic filtering is not yet complete. Research on woodland specialists at expanding local and landscape-scale range margins provides a unique opportunity to study how habitat selection and ecological filtering impact community assembly under environmental change.
Quantum Chemical and Statistical Rate Theory Studies of the Vinyl Hydroperoxides Formed in trans-2-Butene and 2,3-Dimethyl-2-butene Ozonolysis

The vinyl hydroperoxide (VHP), the major isomerization product of the syn-alkyl Criegee intermediate (CI) formed in alkene ozonolysis, is a direct precursor of hydroxyl radical (OH), the most important oxidant in the troposphere. While simulations of CI reactivity have usually assumed the VHP to be a prompt and quantitative source of OH, recent quantum chemical studies have revealed subtleties in VHP reactivity such as a barrier to peroxy bond homolysis and a possible rearrangement to a hydroxycarbonyl. In this work, we use M06-L, Weizmann-1 Brueckner Doubles, and equation-of-motion spin-flip coupled-cluster theories to calculate a comprehensive reaction mechanism for the syn and anti conformers of the parent VHP formed in trans-2-butene ozonolysis and the 1-methyl VHP formed in 2,3-dimethyl-2-butene ozonolysis. We predict that for the parent VHP the anti homolysis transition structure (TS) is 3 kcal mol–1 lower in energy than the syn TS, but for the 1-methyl system, the syn TS is 2 kcal mol–1 lower in en...
Validity of Measures Assessing Oral Health Beliefs of American Indian Parents.

This aimed to validate measures of constructs included in an extended Health Belief Model (EHBM) addressing oral health beliefs among American Indian (AI) parents. Questionnaire data were collected as part of a randomized controlled trial (n = 1016) aimed at reducing childhood caries. Participants were AI parents with a preschool-age child enrolled in the Navajo Nation Head Start program. Questionnaire items addressed five EHBM constructs: perceived susceptibility, severity, barriers, benefits, and parental self-efficacy. Subscales representing each construct underwent reliability and validity testing. Internal consistency reliability of each subscale was evaluated using Cronbach’s alpha. Convergent validity was assessed using linear regression to evaluate the association of each EHBM subscale with oral health-related measures. Internal consistency reliability was high for self-efficacy (α = 0.83) and perceived benefits (α = 0.83) compared to remaining EHBM subscales (α 0.05). Parents with increased self-efficacy had greater behavioral adherence (p < 0.0001), whereas lower behavioral adherence was associated with parents who reported higher perceived barriers (p < 0.0001). Better pediatric oral health outcomes were associated with higher levels of self-efficacy (p < 0.0001) and lower levels of perceived severity (p = 0.02) and barriers (p = 0.05). Results support the value of questionnaire items addressing the EHBM subscales, which functioned in a manner consistent with the EHBM theoretical framework in AI participants.
How to close classic bladder exstrophy: Are subspecialty training and technique important?

Summary Introduction Successful primary closure is one of the main factors for achieving continence in a classic bladder exstrophy (CBE) patient. Even with contemporary management, patients still have failed primary closures. We sought to understand the role of training, surgical technique, and their impacts on outcomes of CBE closure. Materials and methods A retrospective cohort study from the largest single-institution database of primary and re-closure CBE patients in the world was performed. Failed closure was defined as developing bladder outlet obstruction, wound dehiscence, bladder prolapse, or any need for a re-closure operation. Patient demographics and surgical factors were abstracted and analyzed. Multivariable analysis was performed to test for associations with successful exstrophy closure. Results Data from 722 patients were analyzed. On bivariate analysis, successful closure was associated with gestational age at presentation, time of closure, location of closure, credential of surgeon performing the closure, closure type, concomitant osteotomy, and type of immobilization. Multivariable analysis, adjusting for patient comorbidity and location of closure, demonstrated increased odds of failure for closure by pediatric surgeon compared with pediatric urologist (OR 4.32, 95% CI 1.98–9.43; p = 0.0002), closure by unknown credentialed surgeon (OR 1.86, 95% CI 1.15–2.99; p = 0.011), Complete Primary Repair of Exstrophy (CPRE) closure compared with Modern Staged Repair of Exstrophy (OR 2.05, 95% CI 1.29–2.99; p = 0.0024), and unknown closure type (OR 4.81, 95% CI 2.94–7.86; p Table ). Discussion Many factors associated with failure on bivariate analysis can be explained by these patients presenting to a center of excellence or the selection bias of this cohort stemming from a single center database that have been previously published. However, the finding on adjusted multivariable logistic regression analysis that closure by a pediatric surgeon is associated with higher odds of failure is novel. The additional finding that CPRE closure is associated with failure is most likely secondary to these patients being referred to our institution after having been closed with CPRE which falsely increases its impact on closure failure. Nevertheless, as a center with a large exstrophy volume, this study draws from a cohort that is larger than any other. Conclusion Classic bladder exstrophy closure should be performed at a center with pediatric urologists to ensure the best chance of a successful primary closure. Table . Multivariable logistic regression analysis. Outcome: failure Unadjusted odds ratio (95% CI) p-value Adjusted odds ratio (95% CI)∗ p-value Credentials of surgeon performing closure Pediatric urologist Reference Adult urologist 3.50 (1.43–8.59) 0.0062 1.89 (0.70–5.10) 0.21 Pediatric surgeon 7.59 (3.77–15.29) 4.32 (1.98–9.43) 0.0002 Unknown 1.85 (1.32–2.61) 0.0004 1.86 (1.15–2.99) 0.011 Closure type MSRE Reference CPRE 2.83 (1.91–4.21) 2.05 (1.29–3.26) 0.0024 Unknown 6.06 (4.06–9.06) 4.81 (2.94–7.86)
Backwash and Spread: Trade Networks in a Space of Agents who Learn by Doing

In the earlier chapters of this book we have seen that dichotomous growth can occur in the absence of trade. Backwash effects of trade are not necessary to account for dichotomous development: local imitative learning is constructively sufficient. The question then becomes: will trade mitigate or exacerbate this tendency toward dichotomization in growth? In the last chapter, as a preliminary step, we constructed and simulated a baseline model of trade with space represented by a cellular automaton. In this chapter we address the issue directly and report simulations that combine the learning by doing growth model of Chapters 6 and 7 with the trade network model of Chapter 9, to determine whether trade modifies the earlier results. Will we continue to see dichotomization in models with trade, or will the “spread effects” of trade be sufficient to eliminate the dichotomization? If so, we might be forced to dismiss the local learning hypothesis as an explanation of dichotomous growth, on the grounds that it is not applicable to the “real world” in which trade is a factor. On the other hand, will the “backwash effect” make the tendency toward dichotomization even greater? In principle, the ‘backwash effect“ of trade could be a rival to the local learning hypothesis in explaining dichotomization in growth. Thus, if the introduction of trade were to increase the dichotomization a great deal, we might be forced to reconsider the possibility that real-world dichotomization is attributable to the backwash effects of trade rather than to local learning.
Instrumentalist Policymaking: Policy Criteria in a Transactional Context

(1995). Instrumentalist Policymaking: Policy Criteria in a Transactional Context. Journal of Economic Issues: Vol. 29, No. 2, pp. 360-384.
Blocking for Multi-Stage Resource Sharing

The previous chapter dealt with sharing a single stage of resources such as the capacity of a transmission link Communication in a network involves sharing multiple stages of resources. Blocking occurs when allocation fails in one of the stages. We shall compute the probability of blocking in these networks. In particular, product form solutions apply for networks with unique path routing, whereas assumptions of independence are needed for approximating blocking probability for networks with alternative path routing.
An Evaluation of SDN and NFV Support for Parallel, Alternative Protocol Stack Operations

Virtualization on top of high-performance servers has enabled the virtualization of network functions like caching, deep packet inspection. Such Network Function Virtualization (NFV) is used to dynamically adapt to changes in network traffic and application popularity. In this paper, we demonstrate how the combination of Software Defined Networking (SDN) and NFV can support the parallel operation of different Internet architectures on top of the same physical hardware. We introduce our architecture for this approach and evaluate it through a live video streaming application in an actual testbed setup, using CloudLab. We use two vastly different protocol stacks, namely TCP/IP and NDN to demonstrate the capability of our approach. The evaluation of our approach shows that it introduces a new level of flexibility when it comes to operation of different Internet architectures on top of the same physical network.
Hybrid CPU/GPU clustering in shared memory on the billion point scale

Many applications require clustering data using an unsupervised approach. One such clustering algorithm is Dbscan, which is inherently sequential, thus limiting parallelization opportunities. Consequently, several recent works have proposed novel shared- and distributed-memory approaches for scaling Dbscan. We propose BPS-HDbscan, a shared-memory CPU/GPU approach that clusters on the billion-point scale. The major pillars of BPS-HDbscan are as follows: (i) distance calculation avoidance in dense data regions; (ii) efficient merging of subclusters; (iii) obviating limited GPU memory capacity by both batching the result set and partitioning the input dataset; and, (iv) computing data partitions in parallel, which effectively exploits both CPU and GPU resources. BPS-HDbscan is highly efficient, and to our knowledge, is the first shared-memory Dbscan algorithm to cluster on the billion point scale.
The hydrogen isotopic compositions of sedimentary mid-chain n-alkanes record ecological change at a Portuguese paleowetland

Abstract The origin of mid-chain (C23 and C25) and C27 n-alkanes in sedimentary archives can be ambiguous. In coastal Portugal, a peat deposit representing a mid-Holocene paleowetland (PRC-South) that was initially dominated by Sphagnum presents an ideal setting for assessing methods of mid-chain n-alkane source elucidation. In particular, we examine a comprehensive record of the difference in δD between mid-chain (δDmid) and C29 n-alkanes (ΔDmid-C29) in relation to n-alkane molecular distributions and compound-specific δ13C values in order to improve interpretations of paleoenvironmental change and evaluate the reliability of δDmid values for hydrologic reconstructions. Mid-chain n-alkane production remains significant at PRC-South after a substantial Sphagnum decline, yet an increase in ΔDmid-C29 values indicates a primarily terrestrial origin of mid-chain n-alkanes in the upper 50 cm of the deposit. This progression towards more positive ΔDmid-C29 values coincides with a relative increase in n-C27 abundance and potentially represents the replacement of Sphagnum moss by tree species that produce abundant mid-chain n-alkanes, such as Betula, Quercus, or Fagus spp. According to our analysis, ΔDmid-C29 displays promise as a tool for mid-chain n-alkane source attribution in Sphagnum paleoenvironments, but interspecies variability of hydrogen isotope fractionation in Sphagnum mosses and terrestrial vegetation could critically hinder its application. Our use of ΔDmid-C29 at PRC-South ultimately exemplifies the importance of accounting for vegetation composition when qualitatively or quantitatively interpreting sedimentary δDn-alkane values, particularly in Sphagnum wetlands.
Leveraging a Recessive Narrative to Transform Joe Paterno’s Image: Media Sensebreaking, Sensemaking, and Sensegiving During Scandal

Image is an important individual and organizational resource. In the modern era, image is vulnerable to rapid transformation because the media, a powerful social arbiter, exerts a strong influence ...
Bilingual children who stutter: Convergence, gaps and directions for research.

Abstract Purpose The aim of this systematic review is to examine the early interactions between bilingualism and stuttering to synthesize knowledge that could inform diagnosis and treatment for bilingual children who stutter. Method Scopus, Science Direct, PubMed, ERIC Ebsco, and Google Scholar were searched with no limits placed on the year of publication. Search terms consisted of: (“stuttering” [MeSH] OR “stutter”) AND (“child” [MeSH] OR “children”) AND (“multilingualism” [MeSH] OR “bilingualism”). Inclusion criteria were children who stutter, bilinguals who stutter, empirical research articles, and published in peer review journals. Exclusion criteria were studies that reported on only adults, only monolinguals, or were not published in English. Results A total of 50 articles met the criteria. There was convergence with monolingual studies reporting sexually dimorphic and familial trends in the prevalence of stuttering and rates of recovery. Findings surrounding language proficiency, cross-linguistic stuttering severity, and development were ambivalent. Results point to the difficulty in identifying stuttering in bilingual children, and the need for culturally competent research and interpretations. Conclusion Current findings offer a fragmented view of bilingual development and echoes a recurring theme, i.e., the current understanding of bilingualism and stuttering is limited and more research is warranted.
Impact of Ethical Information Resources on Counselor Education Students.

A convenience sample of 263 counselor education students from six CACREP-accredited programs evaluated 16 boundary crossing scenarios in the context of four ethical information interventions. Revie...
Geologic Map Instruction: A Critical Approach

Historical geologic map collections are useful tools for librarians to demonstrate the unique construction of knowledge within the academy. A collaboration between the library and faculty in a gene...
Management of 760-g Extremely Premature Infant With Dextro-Transposition of the Great Arteries

Extremely low birth weight neonates with complex congenital heart disease have increased mortality risk. Multi-organ dysfunction, pulmonary disease, fluctuating pulmonary vascular resistance, and complex cardiovascular anatomy create a challenge for effective management. We present the case of a 760-g neonate with dextro-transposition of the great arteries, ventricular septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus, and single coronary artery with proximal intramural segment of the right coronary artery branch. We describe features of preoperative care, surgical intervention, and postoperative course that enabled this infant to survive.
Correlating capacity fade with film resistance loss in fast charging of lithium-ion battery

Abstract Fast charging of lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries makes it susceptible to lithium plating. In this study, we report the correlation between capacity loss and cell impedance changes in the battery due to lithium electrodeposition. Li-ion pouch cells with nickel-manganese-cobalt cathode and graphite anode were charged at rates varying from 0.5C to 6C. The cell voltage evolution immediately after charging was monitored to identify the C-rates that result in lithium plating. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was used to monitor the cell impedance evolution. The impedance of battery cells at C-rates lower than 1C and no lithium plating showed minimal changes from their baseline values in the period immediately after charging. However, the impedance of battery cells undergoing lithium plating and C-rates higher than 3C showed a substantial reduction immediately after charging, with recovery back to baseline values after 30 min of relaxation. These observations suggest that lithium plating causes damage to the solid electrolyte interface (SEI) layer on the anode particles during the charging period, followed by the reformation of the SEI during the relaxation period. The measured capacity loss has a linear correlation with observed impedance change. The linear relationship suggests that impedance monitoring may be used for prognostication of the state-of-health of Li-ion batteries.
"EXTREME ULTRAVIOLET WAVES" ARE WAVES: FIRST QUADRATURE OBSERVATIONS OF AN EXTREME ULTRAVIOLET WAVE FROM STEREO

The nature of coronal mass ejection (CME)-associated low corona propagating disturbances, "extreme ultraviolet (EUV) waves," has been controversial since their discovery by EIT on SOHO. The low-cadence, single-viewpoint EUV images and the lack of simultaneous inner corona white-light observations have hindered the resolution of the debate on whether they are true waves or just projections of the expanding CME. The operation of the twin EUV imagers and inner corona coronagraphs aboard STEREO has improved the situation dramatically. During early 2009, the STEREO Ahead (STA) and Behind (STB) spacecrafts observed the Sun in quadrature having a ≈90° angular separation. An EUV wave and CME erupted from active region 11012, on February 13, when the region was exactly at the limb for STA and hence at disk center for STB. The STEREO observations capture the development of a CME and its accompanying EUV wave not only with high cadence but also in quadrature. The resulting unprecedented data set allowed us to separate the CME structures from the EUV wave signatures and to determine without doubt the true nature of the wave. It is a fast-mode MHD wave after all.
Bayern Brauerei (Abridged)

A recently hired marketing executive has been incentivized to grow sales and exploit a newly opened market. The tasks for the student are to evaluate the liberal credit and inventory support the company is extending to its distributors, and consider what information and metrics might be used to evaluate the risk and potential returns from these policies. Excerpt UVA-F-1744 May 12, 2020 Bayern Brauerei (Abridged) Bayern Brauerei (Bayern), a German beer company, located in a village near Munich, was a privately held company owned by the Ober family for 12 generations. Its modern equipment was capable of producing 70million liters of beer per year. About 20% of Bayern's sales in the previous year were to customers in the newly opened East Germany. Those markets had been developed when August Ober hired Max Leiter, a sales and marketing manager who had adopted an aggressive strategy to penetrate the eastern part of Germany following the country's reunification. Ober expressed enthusiasm with Leiter's performance: I wanted to enter the eastern Lander (territories) because it had traditionally been a good market for our beer before the partition in 1949. Returning to East Germany was, for me, reclaiming a lost market. . . .
¡No me duele cuando me deprimo!: An Examination of Ethnic Differences in Depression Symptoms Among Latinx and Non-Latinx Primary Care Patients

The research on ethnic differences in prevalence rates of depression is mixed. Additionally, culture has been hypothesized to impact symptom manifestation. The purpose of this study was to examine prevalence rates of depression among Spanish-speaking Latinx and non-Latinx White (NLW) primary care patients and explore ethnic differences in how depression symptoms manifest. Participants were 240 primary care patients who completed a demographic questionnaire and the Beck Depression-Inventory-2 (BDI-II). Latinx primary care patients had lower prevalence rates of depressive symptoms and less severe depressive symptoms than NLW primary care patients. Holding total BDI-II score constant, Latinxs also endorse pessimism, past failures, feelings of being punished, agitation, and problems with sleeping less than their NLW counterparts. This study adds support to research that indicates that Latinxs have lower rates of depression than NLWs and suggests that Latinxs are not more likely to endorse somatic complaints.
Prospective Possibilism

There has been considerable debate regarding the relative merits of two theses about moral obligation known as actualism and possibilism. Both theses seek to give expression to the general idea that one ought to do the best one can. According to actualism, one’s obligations turn on what would happen if one chose some course of action, whereas, according to possibilism, they turn on what could happen (i.e., what one could make happen) if one chose some course of action. There are two strands to the debate: the substantive verdicts that the two theses render in particular cases, and the accounts that they yield of the conceptual structure of moral obligation. Possibilism is conceptually appealing, whereas actualism is not, but the latter may seem to render superior substantive verdicts. In this paper, it is argued that, by turning from the objectivist’s emphasis on what is actually best to the prospectivist’s emphasis on what one’s evidence indicates is best, possibilists can provide an account of moral obligation that is both conceptually and substantively attractive.
Transactional Approaches to Controlling Administrative Capacity

Continuing with an overview of federal administrative history, this chapter shows how political concerns over the modern administrative state, with all its requisite capacities, led to new reforms being passed that gradually diminished administrative capacity over time. In this era after the presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt, presidents increasingly embraced such transactional reforms to ensure greater short-term control over federal administration at the expense of long-term capacity. The deinstitutionalization of congressional control and greater partisan influence over the administrative state had begun. The approach taken by these reforms, when considered in their totality, helped influence the current state of federal administrative capacity and set in motion some of the dysfunctions observed during the presidency of Donald Trump.
The Rules of the (Belt and) Road: How Lawyers Participate in China's Outbound Investment and Infrastructure Initiatives

This article provides a bottom-up view of China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) though an empirical examination of how and why domestic lawyers are engaged in BRI investment and infrastructure projects. Drawing on an original dataset of biographical information of, and eleven semi-structured interviews with, lawyers identified by the state as “BRI and Cross-Border Legal Experts,” I examine these lawyers’ demographic characteristics, the knowledge they rely upon in their work, and their motivations. I find that China’s BRI lawyers work and speak in ways similar to cross-border lawyers from countries like the United States. At the same time, these state-adjacent professionals acknowledge the state’s heavy involvement in crafting the environment surrounding their work. Although these politics do not necessarily affect the technical aspects of their practice, many keep close tabs on BRI policies, some are involved in policy reform efforts, and most express pride in what a successful BRI might mean for China’s future. In addition to contributing to sociolegal scholarship interested in the legal profession’s role in (re-)crafting dominant global scripts, I suggest that the day-to-day work of legal professionals serves as a barometer of the intentions and successes of Chinese state policy. For now, my portrait of China’s BRI lawyers suggests that they largely adhere to the existing script’s understanding of norms and best practices, and see their work as complementary to the existing system rather than subversive. Nonetheless, I urge continued focus on BRI lawyers and the other on-the-ground actors that make China’s foreign policy a reality.
Fragments of an Early Thirteenth-Century St. Peter Window from the Cathedral of Rouen

This article introduces three fragments from a stained-glass cycle of the life of St. Peter, once part of the nave aisle glazing of the cathedral of Rouen. Although the evidence they offer is diminished by their partial preservation, when these panels are associated with a previously recognized panel depicting St. Peter in the Glencairn Museum, a narrative cycle can be documented and firmer conclusions can be drawn concerning stylistic relationships among the "Belles Verrieres" of the Rouen nave aisle. The examination of these fragments from technical and physical--as well as stylistic--standpoints confirms an assessment of the early thirteenth-century stained-glass workshop at the cathedral as a collective enterprise which united the work of several distinguishable artists.
The Effect of Increased Intracellular Calcium on the Localization of the Catabolic Subunit of Telomerase, hTERT, in HeLa Cells

In cancer cells, telomeres are constantly repaired by telomerase allowing them to avoid reaching a critical length where the cell becomes senescent. Overtime, aerobic respiration in the mitochondria can create an increase in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) that causes telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT), the catabolic subunit of telomerase, to exit the nucleus. Without hTERT in the nucleus, telomerase cannot function to repair telomere ends, inducing senescence. One effect of increased ROS production is the activation of calcium channels leading to an increase in intracellular calcium. We attempted to mimic this ROS induced increase in intracellular calcium levels by administering 0.5uM of Thapsigargin to HeLa cells in order to determine if an increase in calcium levels alone would be sufficient to cause hTERT to exit the nucleus. Immunofluorescene was used to visualize fluorescent intensities of hTERT in the nucleus after administration of the drug in conjunction with visualization of Ran as an indicator of functional nuclear transport. We predicted thapsigargin would disrupt nuclear transport and cause hTERT to exit the nucleus. Image J software was used to compare nuclear fluorescence intensities between treated and control cells. Our results indicated that administration of thapsigargin caused a significant decrease in nuclear levels of hTERT in conjunction with decreased nuclear levels of Ran. Our findings could provide a potential method to induce cellular senescence in cancer cells by inducing mislocalization of hTERT and Ran.
Examining Practice, Structural, and Interpretive Dimensions of Technology Assemblages: The Case of Social Technology Use by Knowledge Workers

This paper theorizes on the sociotechnical dynamics and underlying dimensions of technology assemblages that emerge from the use of social technologies in organizations. This theorization reflects more precisely the information ecology around knowledge workers, which is more technologically diversified than suggested by prior studies. To that end, this work differs from the few studies of social technologies and many studies of ICT in organizations by focusing on more than one technology and by considering social technologies as an assemblage. In order to advance current theorizing about technology assemblages, this works draws on data from a study of knowledge workers’ use of social technologies for knowledge sharing and presents three complementary analytic lenses: Practice, Structural, and Interpretive. Integrating the three lenses, allows us to holistically capture the disparate dimensions of social technology assemblages enacted by knowledge workers.
Where is the Discovery in Literature-Based Discovery?

This chapter addresses the core of literature-based discovery (LBD), namely, what is discovery and how is the generation of discovery confirmed. The chapter starts with definitions of discovery and innovation, especially in the LBD context, and then proceeds to describe radical discovery and LBD. It then describes the vetting necessary to confirm the presence of discovery. Finally, the chapter concludes with a few examples where use of more comprehensive vetting techniques would have been prudent before discovery was reported. The LBD focus is on open discovery systems (start with a problem, discover a solution, or vice versa) exclusively.
Analyzing feedback: Properly simulating the open loop

Relative stability in a feedback system is usually characterized by its phase margin, a quantity obtained from the system 'open loop gain'. This terminology, while appropriate for ideal systems, is misleading when applied to real systems where loading and feedforward effects are lost if the loop is simply opened. This paper presents a new and complete method for finding the fully loaded loop gain for a feedback system using the driving point impedance/signal flow graph methodology. An analytical solution is presented first and then used to define properly loaded coupled circuits for computer simulation. The resulting analysis is exact limited only by the device models and CAD package.
Vision-based fusion system for smart airbag applications

We describe a vision system for intelligent automotive airbag systems which can adapt airbag deployment according to the nature and position of the occupant, thereby reducing the risks for occupants who are in infant seats in the front passenger seat and all occupants who are too close to the airbag. Our system utilizes a stereo camera to extract multiple feature sets from the same video stream. A unique feature of our system is the fusion module which is trained to optimally combine the results of multiple classifiers to decide when to enable airbag deployment. We have successfully demonstrated this system operating in a test vehicle at real-time rates (20 updates/sec) with high accuracies (>98%) for a large variety of situations and lighting conditions.
Broadband nonmagnetic non-reciprocity in time-varying transmission lines (TVTLs)

Non-reciprocity in passive components is traditionally achieved with magnetic material such as ferrite. Such components are often bulky and narrowband. Another drawback of magnetic components is that they are not compatible with the current integrated circuit (IC) technology. On the other hand, active nonreciprocal components using transistors suffer from poor noise performance and power handling capability.
Production and interferon-γ-mediated regulation of complement component C2 and factors B and D by the astroglioma cell line U105-MG

In this paper, we demonstrate the synthesis of the complement component C2 and factors B and D by the human astroglioma cell line U105-MG. All three components were structurally and antigenically similar to their serum counterparts, as determined by biosynthetic labelling studies or Western blot analysis. Northern blot analysis demonstrated that the mRNAs of all three components had the same apparent sizes as the equivalent mRNAs from hepatocyte and monocyte cell lines. Interestingly, U105-MG cells produce two C2 transcripts with sizes of approximately 2.8 and 2.3 kb. Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) enhanced the expression of C2 and factor B mRNA and protein in a dose- and time-dependent fashion, while factor D expression was refractory to IFN-gamma. IFN-gamma appeared to predominantly enhance the expression of the large (2.8 kb) C2 transcript. Kinetic studies demonstrated peak C2 and factor B expression in 48 h in response to IFN-gamma, similar to the acute-phase response of factor B in serum. These data are the first to demonstrate the synthesis of C2 and factor D by astroglioma cells. Combined with previous reports documenting the synthesis of C3 by astrocytes, our data suggest that endogenous synthesis of complement proteins, and particularly of alternative pathway activation components (C3, factors B and D), may play an important role in host defence in the central nervous system.
Projective Testing with Asian Clients

This chapter reviews the existing, albeit often significantly dated, assessment literature on utilization of the Rorschach Inkblot Method and story-telling assessment tasks, such as the Thematic Apperception Test, with Asians and Asian-Americans. A small but substantive literature illustrates norms and differences when using the Rorschach with Asians inside as well as outside the USA (international data). Consistent findings with the Rorschach when utilized with Asians and Asian-Americans include shorter protocols with greater numbers of form responses, greater evidence of emotional constriction and less expressiveness compared to US and international norms. Research with story-telling tasks indicates greater need for affiliation and achievement for Asians and Asian-Americans when compared to other ethnic minority groups. The chapter ends with clinical recommendations for the assessor who wishes to utilize projective, performance-based measures with Asians or Asian-Americans as part of an assessment battery.