cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
DSM-IV Diagnosis in the Schools

Introduction. Part I: Diagnostic Issues and the Use of DSM-IV. Psychiatric Diagnosis: Issues for School Psychologists. An Overview of the DSM-IV Diagnostic System. Learning to Use DSM-IV. Part II: Guidelines for Evaluation of Presenting Problems. Disruptive Behavior Symptoms (Externalizing Problems). Emotional Symptoms (Internalizing Problems). Substance-Related Problems, Other "Addictive" Behaviors, and Harmful Environmental Effects. Highly Focused Symptom Patterns. Problems with Mental Ability, Learning, Communication, and Cognition. Highly Atypical Symptom Patterns: Pervasive Developmental Disorders and Psychoses. Personality Disorders. Additional Codes and Categories. Part III: The Application of DSM-IV in School Settings: Issues and Topics. Ethics and Professional Responsibility in Evaluation. The Case Record: Data and Supporting Documentation for Diagnosis. Seeking Reimbursement for Assessment and Diagnosis within School Settings. DSM-IV and the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act. Concerns about DSM-IV.
Ice characteristics and processes, and remote sensing of frozen rivers and lakes

This chapter is a broad overview of ice characteristics and processes on northern rivers and lakes in the time between initial ice formation in autumn and final melt-out in spring. Using primarily synthetic aperture radar (SAR: ERS-1, ERS-2, JERS-1, RADARSAT-1) images supplemented by aerial photographs, passive microwave and Landsat images, and examples from the literature, the aim is to illustrate the potential for remote sensing to contribute to a better knowledge and understanding of river ice and lake ice in the context of their role in northern hydrology and their value as sensitive indicators of northern environmental variability and change. The following seasonal ice characteristics and processes are described: (1) autumn freeze-up; (2) growth, thickening, and grounding; (3) fracturing and motion, including the effect on Mentasta Lake, Alaska, of the magnitude 7.9 earthquake of 3 November 2002; (4) aufeis; and (5) spring break-up. They are followed by a description of perennial ice characteristics, processes, and recent (1997-2002) change on lakes and epishelf lakes in northernmost Ellesmere Island, Nunavut, Canada. The merits of different current and future remote sensing instruments are briefly discussed. We conclude that, as the constellation of increasingly sophisticated spaceborne instruments grows, multisensor remote sensing of frozen rivers and lakes has the potential to contribute more to the study of the role of bodies of water in northern hydrology and of the effects of environmental variability and change on the ice and hydrological system.
A rapid aseptic scrub technique for nurseries of the newborn.

Abstract 1. 1. The results are presented of a study based on bacteriological data to determine the effect of a new soap substitute. 2. 2. This material, hexachlorophene and pHisoderm, is a safe agent for hand scrubbing. It appears to have a remarkable bacteriostatic action when used regularly. 3. 3. A rapid aseptic scrub technique employing this material for cleansing the hands is outlined for the use of personnel working in nurseries of the newborn.
Abstract 83: Comparison of surface-directed and classic androgen receptor antagonists

Background: The androgen receptor (AR) surface-directed antagonist MJC13 inhibits AR function and proliferation of prostate cancer (PC) cells and these effects are related to arrest of an AR/chaperone complex in the cytoplasm. Here, we compared activities of MJC13 and the classic AR antagonist flutamide. Method and Results: MJC13 and flutamide inhibit all dihydrotestosterone (DHT)-dependent genes in LNCaP PC cells and both compounds are equally effective. Control ChIP assays confirm that MJC13 inhibits AR binding to the prostate specific antigen (PSA) promoter more strongly than flutamide, consistent with different mechanisms of action. Examination of efficacy of MJC13 in conditions that reflect aspects of castrate resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) reveals that it inhibits a flutamide-dependent AR mutant (ART877A), but displays greatly restricted gene-specific activity in 22Rv1 cells that express a constitutively active truncated AR and is inactive against glucocorticoid receptor (GR), which can co-opt androgen-dependent signaling networks in CRPC. While flutamide inhibits AR interactions with the coactivator SRC2, it does not affect β-catenin binding. In contrast, MJC13 inhibits AR interactions with both coregulators and, unlike flutamide, strongly inhibits amplification of AR activity obtained with SRC2 and β-catenin. MJC13 also preferentially inhibits β-catenin-enhanced cell division in LNCaP cells relative to flutamide. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that a surface-directed antagonist can block AR activity in some conditions in which a classic antagonist fails and may display utility in some forms of CRPC. Citation Format: Ji Ho Suh, Arundhati Chattopadhyay, Douglas H. Sieglaff, Cheryl L. Storer, Marc B. Cox, Paul Webb. Comparison of surface-directed and classic androgen receptor antagonists. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 83. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-83
Fifteen-year results of breast-conserving surgery and definitive breast irradiation for the treatment of ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast.

PURPOSETo determine the 15-year outcome for women with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS, intraductal carcinoma) of the breast treated with breast-conserving surgery followed by definitive breast irradiation.PATIENTS AND METHODSAn analysis was performed of 270 intraductal breast carcinomas in 268 women from 10 institutions in Europe and the United States. In all patients, breast-conserving surgery included complete gross excision of the primary tumor followed by definitive breast irradiation. When performed, pathologic axillary lymph node staging was node-negative (n=86). The median follow-up time was 10.3 years (range, 0.9 to 26.8).RESULTSThe 15-year actuarial overall survival rate was 87%, and the 15-year actuarial cause-specific survival rate was 96%. The 15-year actuarial rate of freedom from distant metastases was 96%. There were 45 local recurrences in the treated breast, and the 15-year actuarial rate of local failure was 19%. The median time to local failure was 5.2 years (range, 1.4 to 16.8). A numb...
A plethora of micro-optical systems

There are many applications for micro-optics. Perhaps the most exciting use of micro-optics is in fiber optical communication systems, getting the light signals in and out of the fibers. Other possible uses include data processing, chemical sensing, and spectroscopic applications. In this talk we will describe (mu) ChemLab, the Polychromator, a new spectroscopic gas identification device, a fiberoptic status monitor, and a deep X-ray lithographic technique for fabricating micro-optical systems.© (2001) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Supercontinuum lidar applications for measurements of atmospheric constituents

Recent advances in the field of supercontinuum lasers have provided a unique opportunity for developing lidar instruments that cover a wide spectral range. These instruments permit many simultaneous measurements of differential absorption spectra (DIAL and DAS techniques) to determine species density. Application of MODTRAN TM 5 and other simulation software has allowed us to design and validate the findings of supercontinuum lidar systems developed at Penn State Lidar Laboratory. The multiple line differential absorption concepts have been demonstrated with various system topologies for a host of atmospheric windows in the visible to near infrared regions. During the past three years, we have developed and demonstrated several systems that are capable of measuring concentrations of various atmospheric constituents at background or elevated levels through long path absorption by transmitting only milliwatts of optical power. Our most recent supercontinuum lidar system utilizes a nanosecond supercontinuum laser fiber optically coupled to a transceiver system for remote sensing of atmospheric species concentrations. Due to the flexibility of the design, the operational prototype is currently being used to demonstrate the capability for accurately measuring real world open path atmospheric concentrations across the Penn State campus. The purpose of this study is to develop the technology and to demonstrate the capability for accurately measuring species concentrations without the complexities and uncertainties inherent in hyper-spectral remote sensing using the sun as a source, or the limitations and errors associated with using pairs of laser lines for DIAL measurements of each species. Initial simulations and measurements using this approach are presented.
Checking for plagiarism, duplicate publication, and text recycling

I applaud The Lancet’s plan to use a service to determine whether a submitted paper has been plagiarised from another author or is a duplicate of a previously or simultaneously published paper by the same author (Jan 22, p 281). Having said this, I do not agree with the editors on the issue of “selfplagiarism”. I have published several scientific books, more than 80 chapters, and over 430 original articles, and I firmly believe that we authors have three responsibilities to our readers: (1) to provide scientifically valid inform ation, (2) to provide the newest information possible, and (3) to provide prose that is not copied from another author’s work. On the other hand, if I publish an original paper in a journal and am then asked to provide a review article on the same subject for another journal or book, I should have the right to use my original words and sentences verbatim as long as the subject matter remains valid and up-todate and as long as I reference any and all previous work from which the sentences and paragraphs have been taken. In my opinion, neither the publisher nor the reader is entitled to a reworking of the prose. Thus, in many settings, “text recycling” is neither inappropriate nor evidence of misconduct.
Magnitude of colonization and sepsis by group B streptococci in newborn infants

Infants admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit at Tampa General Hospital, Tampa, Florida, were cultured for group B streptococci (GBS). Culture swabs were quantified for GBS to determine the magnitude of colonization in infected infants. Thirty-seven (17%) of the 217 infants cultured were positive for GBS. Six of these colonized infants developed sepsis, with blood cultures positive for GBS. Septic infants generally were colonized by large numbers of GBS (105 bacteria/culture swab) at two or more external skin sites, in comparison to aseptic infants, who were lightly colonized with GBS. The data suggest a possible correlation between magnitude of colonization by GBS at external skin sites and development of GBS sepsis in newborn infants.
Assemblages and the Multitude: Deleuze, Hardt, Negri, and the Postmodern Left

The article enters a heated debate about the ideals and organization of the postmodern left. Hardt and Negri, two key figures in this debate, claim that their concept of the multitude — a revolutionary, proletarian body that organizes singularities — integrates the insights of Deleuze and Lenin. I argue, however, that Deleuze anticipated and resisted a Leninist appropriation of his political theory. This essay challenges the widely accepted assumption that Hardt and Negri carry forth Deleuze’s legacy. At the same time, the essay advocates Deleuze’s concept of left assemblages — protean political bodies working for freedom and equality — as a valuable but underappreciated contribution to the liberal-democratic tradition.
Placenta previa: a 22-year analysis.

Abstract Objective: Our purpose was to identify what anesthetic method is safer for women with a placenta previa. Study Design: We retrospectively reviewed all women with placenta previa who underwent cesarean delivery during the period January 1, 1976–December 31, 1997 at Northwestern Memorial Hospital. Results: Of 93,384 deliveries, placenta previa was found in 514 women. Identifiable trends with time included an increasing incidence of placenta previa ( r = 0.54, P r = 0.54, P r = 0.45, P r = 0.84, P Conclusions: In women with placenta previa, general anesthesia increased intraoperative blood loss and the need for blood transfusion. Regional anesthesia appears to be a safe alternative. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 1999;180:1432-7.)
A Factor Analysis of Student Personality Traits

Student traits measured by a rating scale were analyzed to study student personalities as instructors see them. Particular emphasis was placed upon isolating some of the factors of pers onality which can be measured with this scale. Instructors at Purdue University were asked to rate undergrad uate students on six traits Directions given the instructors spec ified that they rate only the students whom they knew well, and on only the traits which they judged themselves qualified to rate. Also included in the directions given to the raters were defin itions of the six traits, as follows:
The speed of sound in DNA

We have used Brillouin scattering to determine the speed of sound in (and hence longitudinal modulus of) A- and B-DNA fibers. The speed of sound is very sensitive to the degree of hydration of the fibers, and measurements have to be made at laser powers below 5 mW to avoid local heating and dehydration. Under those conditions, we obtain sound speed perpendicular to the fiber axis of about 2.2 and 1.9 km/s in A- and B-DNA fibers, respectively. A-DNA fibers show a small anisotropy with sound speeds along the fiber axis higher by up to 10% B-DNA fibers appear to be isotropic.
Cultural considerations in teachers’ perceptions of student classroom behavior and achievement

Abstract This study examines teachers’ perceptions of classroom motivation and achievement among students displaying culture-based classroom behaviors. Sixty-two elementary school teachers read scenarios of hypothetical students who behaviorally manifested themes purported to be consistent with a European/mainstream cultural ethos (competition, individualism) or Afrocultural ethos (communalism, verve). Teachers then rated students’ motivation and achievement as if they were in their classrooms. Motivation and achievement ratings were significantly higher for students displaying competitive and individualistic classroom behaviors than communal or vervistic behaviors. These findings suggest that the value teachers assign to academic success should not be understood in the absence of cultural considerations.
The Adequacy of Linear Models in Tread Life Testing

This paper examines the assumption of linearity in the application of regression techniques to tread wear data. Data from several sources provide evidence that tread wear is only approximately linear. Linear models appear to be adequate after a sufficient break-in period whose length depends on the nature of the test. When linear models are used to compare the tread life potential of a test tire to that of a control tire, both tires must have had the same testing exposure or else the rate of wear may be overestimated.
Threshold values for the Botsbali: A field study of occupational heat

A Botsbali (BB) and an electronic instrument for measuring wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT) were used to measure the climatic conditions of 30 different work stations in two industrial plants. Measurements were taken twice daily over a 1-year period for a total of 13489 observations. The field study substantiated several desirable features of the BB relating to its size, ruggedness and ease of use. A major advantage concerns the ability to locate the BB near the worker and thus obtain an accurate evaluation of the working environment. During the course of data collection it was observed that rapid water loss which required frequent refilling represented the main disadvantage of the BB. The relationship in degrees Celsius between the BB and WBGT was found with a very high correlation coefficient (R — 0-956) to be WBGT=1·01BB + 2·6. Permissible heat exposure threshold limit values (TLV) in Botsbali units which are equivalent to the TLV recommended by ACGIH (1973) have been developed.
Analysis and design of a variable position minimum pressure blank-holder system for axisymmetric deep drawing

Abstract This investigation deals with the analysis and design of a variable position blank-holder system for the widely used process of deep-drawing. This method consists of using a cam to control the blank-holder motion via a simple hydraulic system. The analysis of this blank-holder leads to the design of the required cam profile and includes a parameter sensitivity study to determine the effect of small changes in operating parameters such as the material R-value and the initial blank thickness. Experimental results relative to flange thickening are presented and compared to the theoretical values and they show good agreement. A design chart for the required cam profile is given and its use is demonstrated through a design example. This system will result in less energy required per part, greater tool life, less production downtime, and greater draw ratios. This blank-holder system can easily be adapted to presses in present use.
Heteroauxin Production by Efficient and Inefficient Strains of Rhizobia

IT has been suggested by Thimann1, Link, Wilcox and Link2, and Link3 that β-indole-acetic acid (heteroauxin) is the agent partially or entirely responsible for the formation of nodules on the roots of leguminous plants. Thimann1 advances the hypothesis that the root nodule bacteria convert tryptophane into heteroauxin, (a) by stimulating elongation of a lateral root and (b) by arresting root elongation through continued auxin production, resulting in the formation of a nodule. If this condition exists, there may be differences in the rate of formation and in total amounts of heteroauxin derived from tryptophane, between efficient and inefficient strains of Rhizobia. (Efficient: Rhizobia which infect the host plant and benefit the latter by the symbiosis; inefficient: Rhizobia which infect the host plant but fail to aid in fixing atmospheric nitrogen.) Nodules produced by efficient strains are generally characterized as being large and usually located on the crown of the tap-root, indicating early invasion, while inefficient strains produce very small nodules which are distributed over the secondary root system, indicative of relatively late invasion.
Optical Error Sensitivities of Immersion Lithography

The imaging of an immersion lithography system has different sensitivities to optical errors such as reticle non-flatness, image plane deviation and laser bandwidth when compared to traditional dry imaging systems. The immersion sensitivities mentioned above are further amplified when higher fluid index is used. The resultant effect of these enhanced sensitivities leads to degraded focal plane flatness centering on wafers and may also lead to larger ACLV and machine to machine CD matching errors than expected. In this paper, we demonstrate the increased sensitivity factors both mathematically and experimentally. We perform a detailed error component analysis to single out an immersion related factor and its impact to CD control. For this purpose we independently quantify the reticle non-flatness directly on the mask. We also identify possible compensation solutions, such as reticle shape correction, improved focal plane setup methodology and the incorporation of focus blur into an OPC model, in order to alleviate an adverse effect of immersion on ACLV and CD stability over time and over different tool sets.
A randomized controlled pilot study of acupuncture for postmenopausal hot flashes: effect on nocturnal hot flashes and sleep quality.

Objective To assess the effectiveness of acupuncture on postmenopausal nocturnal hot flashes and sleep. Design Prospective randomized placebo-controlled study. Setting Stanford University School of Medicine and private acupuncture offices. Intervention(s) Active or placebo acupuncture was administered for nine sessions over seven weeks. Main Outcome Measure(s) Severity and frequency of nocturnal hot flashes from daily diaries and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Patient(s) Twenty-nine postmenopausal women experiencing at least seven moderate to severe hot flashes daily, with E 2 Result(s) Nocturnal hot-flash severity significantly decreased in the active acupuncture group (28%) compared with the placebo group (6%), P =.017. The frequency of nocturnal hot flashes also decreased in the active group (47%, P =.001), though it was not significantly different from the placebo group (24%, P =.170; effect size=0.65). Treatment did not differentially influence sleep; however, correlations between improvements in PSQI and reductions in nocturnal hot flash severity and frequency were significant ( P Conclusion(s) Acupuncture significantly reduced the severity of nocturnal hot flashes compared with placebo. Given the strength of correlations between improvements in sleep and reductions in nocturnal hot flashes, further exploration is merited.
Extrinsic calibration of a vision sensor mounted on a robot

A vision sensor mounted on a robot to detect surrounding objects is discussed. Its mounting position and orientation must be identified, resulting in an extrinsic calibration problem. The author presents three classes of extrinsic calibration procedures. All use closed-form solutions. The class A calibration procedure requires a reference object at a recalibrated location. The class B calibration procedure takes advantage of robot mobility. It requires a reference frame, but not precalibration. The class C procedure, by taking full advantage of both robot mobility and dexterity, requires no reference object but the simplest one-a visible point. In simulation studies, the class A, B, and C calibration procedures have produced estimates successfully converging to true extrinsic parameter values. Results of field experiments carried out for class B and C calibration procedures are presented. For comparison, two existing B-type calibration methods have also been tested with real data. >
Interleukin-1, TNFα and their naturally occurring antagonists in sepsis

Recent evidence has demonstrated that specific inhibitors of the proinfiammatory cytokines, IL-1 and TNFα, circulate in the blood of healthy individuals and concentrations of these inhibitors are elev
Use of a functionalized introducer sheath and bioimpedance spectroscopy for real-time detection of vascular access complications.

AbstractInternal bleeding complications (IBCs) occurring at vascular access sites are associated with worsening patient outcomes and increased costs. This study assessed the IBC detection capabilities of a bioimpedance spectroscopy (BS) monitoring system that uses a novel functionalized introducer sheath. The device was tested in three large animal models of a clinical IBC. A 120-mL perivascular saline injection after sheath insertion, a slow continuous perivascular saline injection of 2.6 mL min−1 of saline and a vessel-puncture model were tested. In each case, a significant change in normalized impedance was detected compared to the controls. This study provides evidence that a functionalized vascular access sheath using BS can detect an intraprocedural vascular access IBC. Clinical use of the device could help guide patient care by directly detecting vascular access complications early, thereby preventing unnecessary diagnostic scans to rule out the presence of IBCs.
The morphology and crystallography of ferrous lath martensite. Studies of Fe-20%Ni-5%Mn—I. Optical microscopy

Abstract Austenitic Fe-Ni-Mn alloys near the composition Fe-20Ni~5Mn (wt.%) transform isothermally with C-curve behavior to martensite having a lath morphology. This martensite appears to be the same as that formed in low-carbon steels. Using the appropriate alloy composition, heat treatment and reaction temperature, controlled amounts of martensite ranging from a few isolated laths to packets of laths can be produced. Detailed studies of these extremes have been made and lead to the following conclusions. Typical lath dimensions are 0.3 × 2.8 × 100 microns, the habit plane of the laths is ~ 4.5° from A and the long direction of the laths is near 〈110〉A. There are 24 lath variants. Adjacent laths in a ‘packet’ are usually parallel and have the same variant of the habit plane and orientation relationship, thus making it difficult to detect lath-lath impingement boundaries. The lath density in a packet is on the order of 1010/cm3, implying a very high nucleation density. The morphology of incompletely developed packets suggests that each martensite lath is independently nucleated, as opposed to a ‘side-by-side’ nucleation process. Other reports follow, concerned with a transmission electron microscopy analysis of lath martensite and the martensite shape strain, accommodation effects and related topological features.
Investment Banking and Analyst Objectivity: Evidence from Analysts Affiliated with Mergers and Acquisitions Advisors

We find evidence that conflicts of interest arising from mergers and acquisitions (M&A) relations influence analysts' recommendations, corroborating regulators' and practitioners' suspicions in a setting, i.e., M&A relations, not previously examined in research on analyst conflicts. In addition, the M&A context allows us to disentangle the conflict of interest effect from selection bias. We find that analysts affiliated with acquirer advisors upgrade acquirer stocks around M&A deals, even around all-cash deals, in which selection bias is unlikely. Also consistent with conflict of interest but not selection bias, target-affiliated analysts publish optimistic reports about acquirers after, but not before, the exchange ratio of an all-stock deal is set.
Expression and localization of acetylcholinesterase at the neuromuscular junction.

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) was the first identified synaptic component, characterized by its catalytic affinity for choline esters, and for a long time provided the conceptual scaffold for studies of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ). AChE was the first protein localized to the NMJ, in the 1930s, and its local expression shown to be regulated by the motoneuron in 1937. By the late 1940s a histochemical procedure was developed to visualize the enzyme at synapses, opening up a new era in the study of synaptic structure and function. This enzyme was also the first synaptic component to be purified, quantified, and later crystalized for structural and functional studies. Thus, historically, AChE has played a pivotal role in our understanding of NMJ development and function.
Flux measurement with conditional sampling

Abstract A method is proposed to measure scalar fluxes using conditional sampling. Only the mean concentrations of updraft and downdraft samples, the standard deviation of the vertical velocity, and a coefficient of proportionality, b, need to be known. The method has been simulated from existing time series of the vertical wind component, temperature, and humidity in the surface layer. It is found that b has an almost constant value of 0.6 for both scalars and over a wide stability range. This result encourages application to other scalars and suggests that the method may be used beyond the atmospheric surface layer in the lower part of the planetary boundary layer.
Using action research to support academic program improvement

This chapter describes how an action research framework facilitates using evaluation and assessment results to improve programs and demonstrate institutional effectiveness.
Your Personal GPS [Career Advisor: Experiences from the Real World]

As you prepare to enter the engineering profession, you can take advantage of unexpected opportunities and enjoy an incredible journey by managing your career. This is accomplished by applying engineering tools to develop and use a dynamic career plan. Your career starts when you enter your freshman year at an engineering college or sometimes even before. Early career decisions include selecting a specific type of engineering and then choosing elective courses that will complement your area of interest. Your educational experience will be maximized by starting your career plan now. To establish a successful career plan, each part of the planning process should relate to the overall objectives of your personal life. It starts with the development of your personal and professional visions and, includes a strategy of goals and skill needs, an action plan, implementation of the action plan, and documentation and evaluation of results.
Thermodynamic characterization of affinity maturation: the D1.3 antibody and a higher-affinity mutant.

Understanding the structural and dynamic determinants of binding free energy in the antigen–antibody bond is of great interest. Much work has focused on selective mutations in order to locate key interaction residues, but this generally results in reduced affinity. The present work instead examines a higher-affinity mutant to characterize the thermodynamic pathway of the affinity maturation process. We have compared the antigen binding energetics of scFv D1.3, an anti-hen egg lysozyme single chain antibody, with a higher-affinity mutant (Hawkins, R. E., Russell, S. J., Baier, M. and Winter, G. (1993). J. Mol. Biol.234, 958–964). The mutant has fivefold higher affinity for lysozyme but nearly the same enthalpy and heat capacity change upon binding, as measured by isothermal titration calorimetry. Thus, much of the binding free energy difference can be attributed to entropic effects. Fluorescence quenching with acrylamide indicates that this more favorable entropy change may result from a more flexible mutant–lysozyme complex and thus be a configurational entropy effect. Copyright © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rotated partial distance search for faster vector quantization encoding

Partial distance search (PDS) is a method of reducing the amount of computation required for vector quantization encoding. The method is simple and general enough to be incorporated into many fast encoding algorithms. This paper describes a simple improvement to PDS based on principal components analysis (PCA), which rotates the codebook without altering the interpoint distances. Like PDS, this new method can be used to improve many fast encoding algorithms. The algorithm decreases the decoding time of PDS by as much as 44%, and decreases the decoding time of k-d trees by as much as 66% on common vector quantization benchmarks.
An Experimental Study of Baroclinic Annulus Waves at Large Taylor Number

Abstract A detailed survey of the temperature structure of the upper symmetric, regular wave, and irregular regimes in a differentially heated rotating annulus is presented. The results were obtained in a large gap width, b − a = 15.28 cm, where a and b are the radii of the inner and outer walls of the annulus respectively, using a 4 × 4 grid of fine wire thermocouples. The principal results are: The value of Θ = gdΔρ/[ρΩ(b−a)], where g is the acceleration of gravity, d the depth of the fluid, Δρ the density difference corresponding to an impressed temperature difference of Δρ, ρ the mean density of the fluid and Ω the rotation rate of the annulus, at the transition between the symmetric and regular wave regimes, is 3.7 for values of the Taylor number T = [4Ω(b − c)4/β][(b − a)/d] between 2.7 × 107 < T < 9.8 × 107, where v is the mean coefficient of kinematic viscosity of the fluid. The vertical temperature difference within the fluid is almost independent of the rotation rate and flow regime, having a...
Autoimmune hepatitis type 1: safety and efficacy of prolonged medical therapy.

: Studies on the long-term outcome of immunosuppression in patients with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) type 1 are limited. Aim: To assess the efficacy and safety of prolonged medical therapy for up to four decades in a cohort of patients with AIH. Methods: Forty-two patients were followed long term in the Yale Liver Clinics who met the criteria of ‘definite autoimmune hepatitis’ as defined by the International Autoimmune Hepatitis Group. Records were reviewed for the dosage of immunosuppression, rate of relapse, steroid side effects, current status of liver function tests and evidence for cirrhosis and its complications. Results: Mean follow-up was 16 years and ranged from 7 to 43 years. The median follow-up was 13.5 years. Steroid withdrawal resulted in a mean of 1.78 relapses/patient (range, 0–8). All but six patients responded well to prednisone and azathioprine and alanine aminotransferases were completely normal in 29 (81%) at last exam. Five patients have discontinued medication. Steroid side effects have been minimal (weight gain in eight, osteoporosis in three) except for one patient who recovered successfully from cryptococcal meningitis and another with aseptic necrosis of the hip. Progression to cirrhosis occurred in 54% with evidence of esophageal varices in 37% but none developed hepatocellular carcinoma. Only one patient has received a liver transplant, while five others are currently listed because of symptoms of ascites, encephalopathy or bleeding from esophageal varices. Conclusions: AIH can be managed effectively over three to four decades with low-dose immunosuppression resulting in essentially normal lifestyles and minimal side effects. Liver transplantation with an increased risk of rejection and graft failure in this group can be avoided for long periods in most of these patients.
Nonlinear features of equatorial baroclinic Rossby waves detected in Topex altimeter observations

Using a recently proposed technique for statistical analysis of non-gridded satellite altimeter data, regime of long equatorially-trapped baroclinic Rossby waves is studied. One-dimensional spatial and spatiotemporal autocorrelation functions of sea surface height (SSH) variations yield a broad spectrum of baroclinic Rossby waves and permit determination of their propagation speed. The 1-d wavenumber spectrum of zonal variations is given by a power-law k -2 on scales from about 10 3 km to 10 4 km. We demonstrate that the observed wave regime exhibits features of soliton turbulence developing in the long baroclinic Rossby waves. However, being limited to second statistical moments, the present analysis does not allow us to rule out a possibility of weak wave turbulence.
Adaptive multisource streaming in heterogeneous peer-to-peer networks

This paper presents design and evaluation of an adaptive streaming mechanism from multiple senders to a single receiver in Peer-to-Peer (P2P) networks, called P2P Adaptive Layered Streaming, or PALS . PALS is a receiver-driven mechanism. It enables a receiver peer to orchestrate quality adaptive streaming of a single, layer encoded video stream from multiple congestion controlled senders, and is able to support a spectrum of non-interactive streaming applications. The primary challenge in design of a multi-source streaming mechanism is that available bandwidth from each peer is not known a priori, and could significantly change during a session. In PALS , the receiver periodically performs quality adaptation based on aggregate bandwidth from all senders to determine (i) overall quality (i.e. number of layers) that can be collectively delivered from all senders, and more importantly (ii) specific subset of packets that should be delivered by each sender in order to gracefully cope with any sudden change in its bandwidth. Our detailed simulation-based evaluations illustrate that PALS can effectively cope with several angles of dynamics in the system including: bandwidth variations, peer participation, and partially available content at different peers. We also demonstrate the importance of coordination among senders and examine key design tradeoffs for the PALS mechanism.© (2005) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Students' production of narrative and AAE features during an emergent literacy task.

Purpose This study examined child production of narrative features and of African American English (AAE) during a wordless storybook oral narrative task. Method Participants were 30 AAE-speaking Af...
Social Accounts and Planning for Changes in Urban Housing Markets

A conception of the housing market as a lagged, dynamic matching process is presented as an alternative to the conventional microeconomic formulation. Various components of changes in occupancy patterns are identified, in a general multidimensional accounting framework, as a means for the structuring of observations of household and dwelling-unit characteristics of urban populations. Parameters for several stochastic models of housing-market phenomena are derived from the account-based representation. Finally, potential planning applications of these accounting frameworks are explored together with conditions for their adoption.
Modeling and comparing change using spatiotemporal helixes

Spatiotemporal helixes are a novel way to model spatiotemporal change. They represent both the movement of an object, as it is expressed by the trajectory of its center, and the changes of its outline. Accordingly they are highly suitable to communicate the evolution of phenomena as they are captured e.g. in sequences of imagery. In this paper we present the spatiotemporal helix model and introduce spatiotemporal similarity metrics for the comparison of helixes. These metrics allow us to compare the behavior of different objects over time, and express the degree of their similarity. To demonstrate the application of our models and metrics we present experimental results.
Operations of the ATS-6 ion engine and plasma bridge neutralizer at geosynchronous altitude

The ion engine on ATS-6 has been operated in daylight and eclipse. The effect on particle fluxes to the spacecraft was monitored. This data provides information on the potential of the spacecraft with respect to the ambient plasma and the local electric fields caused by the charge distribution on the spacecraft. Operation of the ion engine and/or the neutralizer clamps the spacecraft within a few volts of the ambient plasma potential. Operation of only the neutralizer tends to reduce the differential charge on the satellite, whereas operation of the ion engine reduces it below the sensitivity limit of the detectors.
Why Libertarians Should Reject Full Private Property Rights

Contre la revendication actuelle des liberaux en faveur de l'extension de la liberte individuelle au droit prive, l'A. demontre l'incompatibilite entre les notions de propriete de soi et de droit a la propriete privee, d'une part, et refute l'argument liberal fonde sur l'idee du droit d'agir dans le monde selon ses propres choix, d'autre part.
Modification of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) production by the Na+-dependent HCO3− cotransport in lipopolysaccharide-activated human monocytes

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) is produced and secreted from monocytes in response to activation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The role of Na+ and HCO3- in the production of TNF-alpha by monocytes was investigated; it was observed that replacement of Na+ in the culture medium with sucrose or choline chloride inhibited TNF-alpha production completely. The addition of Na+ to Na(+)-free culture medium restored TNF-alpha production with an EC50 value of 35 mmol/l. The amiloride analog 5-(N-ethyl-N-isopropyl)amiloride (EIPA), an inhibitor of the Na+/H+ antiporter, inhibited TNF-alpha production with an EC50 of 3.3 microM. Without HCO3- in the culture medium TNF-alpha production was inhibited by 92%. Total protein synthesis was inhibited by 85% in the absence of Na+ but did not change in the absence of bicarbonate in the culture medium. Intracellular pH (pHi) which increased from 6.90 in control monocyte to 7.40 in response to activation with LPS was abrogated to pHi of 6.95 in the absence of Na+ but did not change in the absence of HCO3- in the culture medium. In the presence of 100 microM phloretin or DIDS the pHi of activated monocyte was reduced to control value, TNF-alpha production was inhibited completely and total protein synthesis was inhibited by 61%. These data suggest that (1) TNF-alpha production, as other proteins, is dependent on the pHi of monocytes,and (2) TNF-alpha production, in contrast to total protein, is modulated by Na(+)-dependent HCO3-.
On the geometry of the adjoint representation of a Chevalley group

Abstract We prove that the adjoint module of a Chevalley group (not of type C l ) has a presentation by long root subalgebras, subject to certain relations determined by the minimal parabolic subgroups.
Thug Realism: Inhabiting Fantasy in Urban Tanzania

One of the more compelling developments in contemporary sociocultural anthropology is its increasing attention to "the imagination." From the most spectacular fantasies to the most mundane reveries, imagining the world as it is and as it might be seems to be a rapidly expanding form of activity. Such imaginative acts are now held to be relevant-indeed necessary-not only to such predictable endeavors as consumption and leisure but to fields as diverse as the construction of civil society (Comaroff and Comaroff 1999a), the production of biomedical knowledge (Martin 1998), and nuclear proliferation (Gusterson 1999). This move towards all things imagined has further been characterized by an important kind of reflexivity, as exploring the complexities of "imagined communities" requires the exercise of the "ethnographic imagination." Indeed, even a cursory review of current ethnographic observations might lead us to conclude that nothing is now unimaginable. In this article I will examine the imaginative implications of contemporary Tanzanian economy and society for a select, but by no means peripheral, group of young men living and working, mostly in barbershops, but also in other "informal" businesses in the city of Arusha, one of the largest cities in Tanzania. The expansion of this informal sector in urban Tanzania and the diverse modes of imagining that characterize it are clearly emergent under conditions of what has been described as "globalization," and it is the intersection of these rubrics-"the imaginary" and "the global"-that I intend to explore. I would suggest as a point of theoretical departure that the analytical coupling of the imagination to processes of globalization has often obscured the ways that imaginative acts are in fact materially grounded in social activities. While calls for "localization" and attention to "lived experience" have been legion, too often the act of imagining is unmoored from the specific forms, times, and places through which persons project their possible lives. Thus, it is possible for Abu-Lughod to insist that viewers of Egyptian soap opera are "part of the same cultural worlds we inhabit-worlds of mass media, consumption, and dispersed communities of the imagination" (Abu-Lughod 1997:128). Surely the forms of global connectivity exemplified by soap opera establish, or at
Enhanced Transport and Transistor Performance with Oxide Seeded High-κ Gate Dielectrics on Wafer-Scale Epitaxial Graphene

We explore the effect of high-κ dielectric seed layer and overlayer on carrier transport in epitaxial graphene. We introduce a novel seeding technique for depositing dielectrics by atomic layer dep...
1994 Special Issue: Diffusion-enhancement bilayer: Realizing long-range apparent motion and spatiotemporal grouping in a neural architecture

Spatiotemporal grouping phenomena are examined in the context of static and time-varying stimuli. Dynamics that exhibit static feature grouping on multiple scales as a function of time, and long-range apparent motion between time-varying visual, auditory, tactile, and multimodal inputs, are developed for a diffusion-enhancement bilayer network. The architecture consists of a diffusion layer and a contrast-enhancement layer coupled by feedforward and feedback connections; time-varying input is provided by a separate feature extracting layer. The model is cast as an analog circuit that is realizable in large VLSI technology, the parameters of which are selected to satisfy a psychophysical database of the following long-range apparent motion phenomena: gamma motion of a single light; smooth motion between two lights; reverse motion; split and merge among three lights; Ternus motion among multiple lights; and peripheral motion. The relation between motion on a uniform network (i.e., cortex) and inputs to a nonuniform sampling array (i.e., retina) are discussed in the context of a logarithmic scaling of visual space. A new interpretation of short-range and long-range visual motion systems is introduced.
Cognitive pharmacy services at a pediatric nephrology and hypertension clinic.

Purpose: Pediatric patients require special attention from pediatric pharmacists. This is particularly true for pediatric patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) as the number of their medications and the complexity of their treatment increase with disease progression. However, there is paucity of information describing pediatric cognitive pharmacy services in this setting. The objective of this study is to identify the potential roles of a clinical pharmacist as a provider in a pediatric nephrology and hypertension clinic. Methods: Pediatric patients (≤18 years of age) who chronically took at least one medication were consecutively enrolled at the University of North Carolina (UNC) Pediatric Nephrology and Hypertension Clinic from 1 August 2007 to 15 April 2008. Demographic information and the interventions performed during the clinic visit by a clinical pharmacist were examined. Results: Three hundred and seventy-four visits made in 283 participants were evaluated. The mean (SD) number of cognitive p...
Differences in cancer-risk-related behaviors in Latino and Anglo adults.

Abstract Methods . Latino ( n = 358) and Anglo ( n = 113) adults living in the San Diego area were surveyed on nutrition, smoking, and cancer screening behaviors. The Latino respondents were dichotomized into a low (L-Latino) or high (H-Latino) acculturation group according to a median split of an acculturation index. Results . After controlling for age, years of education, gender, marital status, and income, significant cross-cultural differences were found in saturated fat/cholesterol avoidance, and fiber and high calorie food consumption. L-Latino respondents had the lowest degree of saturated fat/cholesterol avoidance, followed by H-Latinos and Anglos. A pattern of decreasing consumption with increasing acculturation was observed for fiber and high calorie foods. Significant differences were found among women in the prevalence of Pap smear exams, with L-Latinas having the lowest prevalence of ever and in the past year having had a Pap smear, followed by H-Latinas and Anglos. A similar significant pattern was observed among women 50 years of age or older with respect to the prevalence of ever having had a mammogram.