cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Use of ALE and packet radio for HF networks

The paper includes a brief description of current ALE (automatic link establishment) and packet radio techniques. ALE integrates selective calling, automatic linking, and link quality analysis to provide reliable 'telephone-like' service for HF voice and data users. Standardization and federal acceptance have recently been accomplished through the release of MIL-STD-188-141A and FED-STD-1045. In contrast, packet radio has evolved from line-of-sight applications, and its use on HF links has been pioneered by the amateur radio community. The authors focus on the use of packet radio and MIL-STD-188-141A techniques in HF networks. Many of the shortcomings of existing fixed channel HF packet radio systems can be overcome by the use of the robust ALE waveform described in the MIL-STD. Receive scan and selective call are shown to be effective tools for contacting both individual and multiple network members. Design examples are given. Packet structures are described which will support higher level network functions, such as internetting, routing, and store-and-forward switching. The areas currently under consideration for standardization in the higher level FED-STD-104X documents are discussed. >
Immune response and the B blood group locus in chickens.

Chickens of three blood group genotypes, B1B 1, B1B2 and B1B19, were compared in their ability to produce antibodies. The B locus is the major histocompatibility locus in this species. Homozygous B 1 pullets had significantly higher adult mortality than did the B1 heterozygotes. In two separate experiments the B 1B1 females produced significantly fewer antibodies to Salmonella pullorum than did the B1 heterozygotes. Also the B1B1 pullets responded with lower antibody titers following immunization with ferritin, bovine serum albumin and parainfluenza-3 virus, although the differences were not significant. The results of this study suggest that an immune response gene is associated with the major histocompatibility locus in chickens, paralleling the H-2 locus and Ir genes in mice.
The Structure of Gauge and Gravitational Anomalies

It is shown how the form of the gauge and gravitational anomalies in quantum field theories may be derived from classical index theorems. The gravitational anomaly in both Einstein and Lorentz form is considered and their equivalence is exhibited. The formalism of gauge and gravitational theories is reviewed using the language of differential geometry, and notions from the theory of characteristic classes necessary for understanding the classical index theorems are introduced. The treatment of known topological results includes a pedagogical derivation of the Wess-Zumino effective Lagrangian in arbitrary even dimension. The relation between various forms of the anomaly present in the literature is also clarified.
Increased renal tubular sodium reabsorption during exercise-induced hypervolemia in humans

We tested the hypothesis that renal tubular Na(+) reabsorption increased during the first 24 h of exercise-induced plasma volume expansion. Renal function was assessed 1 day after no-exercise control (C) or intermittent cycle ergometer exercise (Ex, 85% of peak O(2) uptake) for 2 h before and 3 h after saline loading (12.5 ml/kg over 30 min) in seven subjects. Ex reduced renal blood flow (p-aminohippurate clearance) compared with C (0.83 +/- 0.12 vs. 1.49 +/- 0.24 l/min, P < 0.05) but did not influence glomerular filtration rates (97 +/- 10 ml/min, inulin clearance). Fractional tubular reabsorption of Na(+) in the proximal tubules was higher in Ex than in C (P < 0.05). Saline loading decreased fractional tubular reabsorption of Na(+) from 99.1 +/- 0.1 to 98.7 +/- 0.1% (P < 0.05) in C but not in Ex (99.3 +/- 0.1 to 99.4 +/- 0.1%). Saline loading reduced plasma renin activity and plasma arginine vasopressin levels in C and Ex, although the magnitude of decrease was greater in C (P < 0.05). These results indicate that, during the acute phase of exercise-induced plasma volume expansion, increased tubular Na(+) reabsorption is directed primarily to the proximal tubules and is associated with a decrease in renal blood flow. In addition, saline infusion caused a smaller reduction in fluid-regulating hormones in Ex. The attenuated volume-regulatory response acts to preserve distal tubular Na(+) reabsorption during saline infusion 24 h after exercise.
Juxtahepatic Venous Injuries: Emergency Measures, Definitive Control, and Atriocaval Shunts

The liver is one of the most frequently injured organs in abdominal trauma. The anterior location in the abdominal cavity and fragile parenchyma make this organ vulnerable to injury. Prior to World War II, the mortality from liver injuries that were diagnosed and operated on was very high. After World War II, a better working knowledge in the anatomy of the liver, popularized by Couinaud, and subsequent liver transplantation furthered our understanding of the liver and how to more safely operate. Even with these advances, until about twenty years ago, many liver injuries were still operated on with lethal outcomes. The operations were time consuming and prone to significant blood loss.
Can Help Seeking Be Tutored? Searching for the Secret Sauce of Metacognitive Tutoring

In our on-going endeavor to teach students better help-seeking skills we designed a three-pronged Help-Seeking Support Environment that includes (a) classroom instruction (b) a Self-Assessment Tutor, to help students evaluate their own need for help, and (c) an updated version of the Help Tutor, which provides feedback with respect to students' help-seeking behavior, as they solve problems with the help of an ITS. In doing so, we attempt to offer a comprehensive help-seeking suite to support the knowledge, skills, and dispositions students need in order to become more effective help seekers. In a classroom evaluation, we found that the Help-Seeking Support Environment was successful in improving students' declarative help-seeking knowledge, but did not improve students' learning at the domain level or their help-seeking behavior in a paper-and-pencil environment. We raise a number of hypotheses in an attempt to explain these results. We question the current focus of metacognitive tutoring, and suggest ways to reexamine the role of help facilities and of metacognitive tutoring within ITSs.
Merleau-Ponty and Sartre in Response to Cognitive Studies of Facial Imitation

I examine the phenomenological philosophies of Merleau-Ponty and Sartre as possible responses to contemporary studies of interpersonal relatedness in cognitive science, especially the experimental studies of infant's imitating simple facial gestures of adults. I discuss the implications and the challenges raised by the experimental studies to the dominant phenomenological accounts of intersubjectivity, but also envision how phenomenology may help to interpret the findings about infantile imitation in ways that favor the embodied perceptual connectedness between the self and the other, without recourse to the inner private mind postulate endorsed by the theory of mind and shared by the experimental researchers of imitation.
A GaAs HBT 5.8 GHz OFDM transmitter MMIC chip set

This paper presents a GaAs/AlGaAs HBT transmitter MMIC chip set consisting of a power amplifier, a mixer and a voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) for 5.8 GHz OFDM applications. The performance of the transmitter in an OFDM system is investigated by means of envelope co-simulation of the circuit in an OFDM transmitter simulation platform that conforms to the IEEE 802.11a wireless LAN standard. To the best of our knowledge, this research represents the first reported implementation of an OFDM transmitter in GaAs HBT technology.
Geometric analysis of surface resonance conditions in reflection high energy electron diffraction

A three-dimensional analysis in reciprocal space is used to analyse reflection high energy electron diffraction (RHEED) patterns. Particular emphasis is placed on investigating the surface resonance phenomenon, the resonance conditions, and the diffraction mechanisms. The surface resonance regions defined by the resonance beam threshold conditions are related to the limits for the specular reflection spot in the diffraction pattern. The introduction of an Ewald sphere of varying radius is shown to be useful in understanding the surface phenomenon. Simulations based on the geometric theory, taking account of the surface refraction effect, describe very well the RHEED pattern geometry from the (111) surface of a platinum single crystal.
Prediction and prevention of transplant-related mortality from pulmonary causes after total body irradiation and allogeneic stem cell transplantation.

Abstract Between July 1997 and August 2004, 146 consecutive patients with hematologic malignancies received a T cell-depleted peripheral blood stem cell transplant from an HLA-identical sibling by using total body irradiation (TBI) and cyclophosphamide conditioning regimens. Eighty-five patients received 13.6 Gy of TBI with no lung shielding, and 61 received lung shielding (total lung dose, 6–12 Gy). Ninety-four patients (65.5%) had standard-risk disease; the remainder had more advanced disease or unfavorable diagnoses. Of the 21 transplant-related deaths, 14 were from pulmonary causes (10 idiopathic pulmonary syndromes and 4 from infection) that occurred at a median of 90 days (range, 23–238 days) after transplantation. Independent risk factors for pulmonary transplant-related mortality (PTRM) were pretransplantation diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide (relative risk, 5.7 for diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide
What Is Literacy for? A Critical Perspective

Last year I was a Visiting Lecturer in the Aboriginal Studies Program at Armidale C.A.E. Before lectures began, I was invited by the College to a dinner honoring recently graduated Aboriginal students. At that dinner a number of graduates were introduced and invited to comment about their experiences in tertiary education. As each graduate spoke, it became apparent that many had shared similar experiences. For instance, many confided that they were initially very apprehensive about enrolling in formal schooling. Their apprehension was due to a sense of self-doubt as to whether they were willing to make the necessary sacrifices, as well as to a shared premonition that, as one student commented, “for most Aboriginal people, going through formal schooling is like taking a journey into the unknown.”
Legitimacy in the Securities Industry: The Role of Merit Regulation

State regulators utilize merit review to protect investors, issuers, and the marketplace by focusing on the substantive quality of securities offerings. In this article, the author addresses the evolution of the dual regulatory system and the resulting roles of the state and federal securities laws. The author responds to criticism that the state and federal schemes are duplicative, not complementary, by explaining the differing scopes and philosophies of state and federal securities laws. Expanding on the role of state regulators, the author elaborates on the importance of their accommodation of local interests at the state level in preserving cooperative federalism. Further, he recognizes the need for overlap in a dual regulatory system, due to shifts in regulatory intensity at both levels and to the evolving regulatory atmosphere. Because of a trend in federal deregulation and a corresponding intensified reliance on state regulators, the author dispels the duplicative coverage argument. The author also questions the argument that capital formation is impeded by merit regulation, providing evidence that states with reputations for strict merit regulation have not experienced adverse effects on capital formation. Although he recognizes the utility of the merit regulation debate, the author concludes by acknowledging the positive effects of state merit review: protective regulation and the promotion of capital formation.
Enhancing Uranium Uptake by Amidoxime Adsorbent in Seawater: An Investigation for Optimum Alkaline Conditioning Parameters

A high-surface-area polyethylene-fiber adsorbent (AF160-2) has been developed at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory by radiation-induced graft polymerization of acrylonitrile and itaconic acid. The grafted nitriles were converted to amidoxime groups by treating with hydroxylamine. The amidoximated adsorbents were then conditioned with potassium hydroxide (KOH) by varying different reaction parameters such as KOH concentration (0.2, 0.44, and 0.6 M), duration (1, 2, and 3 h), and temperature (60, 70, and 80 °C). Adsorbent screening was then performed with simulated seawater solutions containing sodium chloride and sodium bicarbonate, at concentrations found in seawater, and uranium nitrate at a uranium concentration of ∼7–8 ppm and pH 8. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and solid-state NMR analyses indicated that a fraction of amidoxime groups was hydrolyzed to carboxylate during KOH conditioning. The uranium adsorption capacity in the simulated seawater screening solution gradually increased with co...
Modeling the distributed effects of forest thinning on the long-term water balance and streamflow extremes for a semi-arid basin in the southwestern US

Abstract. To achieve water resource sustainability in the water-limited southwestern US, it is critical to understand the potential effects of proposed forest thinning on the hydrology of semi-arid basins, where disturbances to headwater catchments can cause significant changes in the local water balance components and basinwise streamflows. In Arizona, the Four Forest Restoration Initiative (4FRI) is being developed with the goal of restoring 2.4 million acres of ponderosa pine along the Mogollon Rim. Using the physically based, spatially distributed triangulated irregular network (TIN)-based Real-time Integrated Basin Simulator (tRIBS) model, we examine the potential impacts of the 4FRI on the hydrology of Tonto Creek, a basin in the Verde–Tonto–Salt (VTS) system, which provides much of the water supply for the Phoenix metropolitan area. Long-term (20-year) simulations indicate that forest removal can trigger significant shifts in the spatiotemporal patterns of various hydrological components, causing increases in net radiation, surface temperature, wind speed, soil evaporation, groundwater recharge and runoff, at the expense of reductions in interception and shading, transpiration, vadose zone moisture and snow water equivalent, with south-facing slopes being more susceptible to enhanced atmospheric losses. The net effect will likely be increases in mean and maximum streamflow, particularly during El Nino events and the winter months, and chiefly for those scenarios in which soil hydraulic conductivity has been significantly reduced due to thinning operations. In this particular climate, forest thinning can lead to net loss of surface water storage by vegetation and snowpack, increasing the vulnerability of ecosystems and populations to larger and more frequent hydrologic extreme conditions on these semi-arid systems.
Aristocracy or Meritocracy? Office-holding Patterns in Late Medieval English Nunneries

The system by which medieval nuns and monks administered their monastic households has long been known to historians. Headed by a prioress, prior, abbess, or abbot, a group of officers executed the daily running of a monastery’s internal affairs by what is called the obedientiary system. But our evidence about the heads of the houses, their monastic officers, and their incumbent duties comes almost exclusively from the numerous accounts and studies of male houses. Knowledge about the officers and administration of female convents has been inferred largely from what we know about the male monasteries, and from a lone description of the officers and their duties found among the records of the convent of Barking Abbey.
A comparison of "real" vs. "ideal" self with a self-actualization inventory.

(1969). A Comparison of “Real” Vs. “Ideal” Self with a Self-Actualization Inventory. The Journal of Psychology: Vol. 72, No. 2, pp. 159-164.
The Herpesvirus Proteases as Targets for Antiviral Chemotherapy

Viruses of the family Herpesviridae are responsible for a diverse set of human diseases. The available treatments are largely ineffective, with the exception of a few drugs for treatment of herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections. For several members of this DNA virus family, advances have been made recently in the biochemistry and structural biology of the essential viral protease, revealing common features that may be possible to exploit in the development of a new class of anti-herpesvirus agents. The herpesvirus proteases have been identified as belonging to a unique class of serine protease, with a Ser-His-His catalytic triad. A new, single domain protein fold has been determined by X-ray crystallography for the proteases of at least three different herpesviruses. Also unique for serine proteases, dimerization has been shown to be required for activity of the cytomegalovirus and HSV proteases. The dimerization requirement seriously impacts methods needed for productive, functional analysis and inhibitor discovery. The conserved functional and catalytic properties of the herpesvirus proteases lead to common considerations for this group of proteases in the early phases of inhibitor discovery. In general, classical serine protease inhibitors that react with active site residues do not readily inactivate the herpesvirus proteases. There has been progress however, with activated carbonyls that exploit the selective nucleophilicity of the active site serine. In addition, screening of chemical libraries has yielded novel structures as starting points for drug development. Recent crystal structures of the herpesvirus proteases now allow more direct interpretation of ligand structure-activity relationships. This review first describes basic functional aspects of herpesvirus protease biology and enzymology. Then we discuss inhibitors identified to date and the prospects for their future development.
Alkali Metal and H2O Dynamics at the Smectite/Water Interface

Molecular-scale dynamic processes involving ions and water at smectite–water interfaces play crucial roles in issues such as contaminant transport, reactivity of geochemical systems, and carbon sequestration, yet little is known about the specific manner in which interfacial ion and water dynamics influence one another, particularly at temperatures below 0 °C. In this work, we discuss the effects of the charge-balancing cation on the structure and dynamics of alkali metals and H2O at the mineral–water interfaces of alkali metal–smectite pastes over a broad range of temperatures. New variable-temperature 2H and 23Na NMR spectroscopic data for a Na–hectorite paste presented here in combination with the results from our previous studies of Cs– and K–hectorite pastes reveal a common anisotropic mechanism of 2H motion for 2H2O restricted by proximity to a surface or cation between −50 and −20 °C. This motion is well modeled by combined fast-limit C2 librations about the 2H2O molecular dipole moment and fast-li...
Reduced Testosterone During Puberty Results in a Midspermiogenic Lesion

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine the role of testosterone, as reflected in the testicular interstitial fluid, in the completion of the first wave of spermatogenesis and to further elu...
Epidemiologic characteristics of a Mycoplasma pneumonia outbreak in a primary school

To identify and describe the epidemiological characteristics of an outbreak of Mycoplasma pneumoniae(MP)infection in an school.Throat swabs and blood samples were collected from the patients.MP DNA and antibody(MPAb) were quantitatively determined.Twenty one MP infection cases were reported.The attack rate was 31.91%(15/47),and the family secondary attack rate was 33.33%(6/18).The throat swabs from the patients were positive for MP by PCR detection,the MP-Ab was 41.50 ±6.93 in the patients and 35.11 ± 1.41 in the unaffected in the same class,showing no significant difference(t = 2.03,P = 0.48).MP infection was the main cause of this outbreak.The index case was not isolated promptly,which suggested that It is essential to take early isolation measure to prevent the spread of infection.
Spectral studies on the interaction of dichloromethane with hemoglobin.

In spectrophotometric studies of hemoglobin solutions dichloromethane caused a decrease in the affinity and the cooperativity of oxygen binding. The maximum effects observed were at a dichloromethane partial pressure of 50 torr with no significant effects below 25 torr. At 50 torr dichloromethane oxygen affinity was decreased 50% and Hill n values, used as a measure of cooperativity, decreased from 2.95 to 2.07. Dichloromethane affected the binding of carbon monoxide to hemoglobin in solution as described by changes in Haldane " M" values, a measure of the relative affinities of carbon monoxide and oxygen. Carbon monoxide binding was decreased by dichloromethane partial pressures as low as 0.03 torr. Maximum effects, involving a change in M from 257 to 143, occurred at 5 torr dichloromethane, a concentration that did not affect oxygen binding to hemoglobin. Changes in the proton NMR spectrum for hemoglobin solutions in the presence of dichloromethane were compared to the results of the oxygen and carbon monoxide binding studies and to information on the binding sites for dichloromethane determined by X-ray crystallography. The contact shifted resonance attributed to the β-heme was shifted approximately 1-2 ppm downfield in the presence of 100 torn dichloromethane. The upfield ring-current shifted resonance at +6.54 ppm, which has contributions from both the α- and β-E11 valine, was split into two peaks. Changes were also observed in the aromatic and methyl regions of the spectrum, suggestive of conformational changes in the protein with dichloromethane.
Association between low birth weight and increased adrenocortical function in neonatal pigs

This study examined differences in adrenocortical function between low- and high-birth-weight female neonatal pigs. Pigs born to unilaterally hysterectomized, ovariectomized sows were grouped by birth weight; "small" were 1.2 kg. Pigs were cross-fostered such that each sow had six to eight pigs that were either small or large. At 3 or 7 d of age a blood sample was obtained by venipuncture, pigs were killed, and adrenocortical cells were isolated. Adrenal weights (milligrams/kilogram BW) in small pigs were 46% greater (P = .001) than those in large pigs at both ages. Compared with those in large pigs, plasma cortisol concentrations were 70% greater (P = .006) in small pigs at 3 d and 199% greater at 7 d of age. Sensitivity of adrenocortical cell response to ACTH was enhanced at both ages in small pigs (P = .001). Corticosteroid binding globulin (CBG) binding capacity in small pigs was 75% greater (P = .03) than that in large pigs at 3 d and 26% greater at 7 d of age. Significant negative correlations existed between birth weight and relative adrenal weight, plasma cortisol, slopes of in vitro adrenocortical cell response curves to ACTH, and CBG binding capacity, irrespective of birth weight group classification. Such data indicate an association between adrenal function during early neonatal life and birth weight in female pigs. The current study does not indicate whether increased adrenal function causes or merely reflects conditions associated with low birth weight. However, we hypothesize that increased adrenal function is initiated prenatally and causes some instances of low birth weight.
Acid-Base Disturbances Associated with the Use of Diuretics

Publisher Summary One of the metabolic complications associated with the use of diuretics is disturbance in acid–base balance. Loop and thiazide diuretics are associated with the development of metabolic alkalosis. Given the widespread use of these particular agents, it is of no surprise that diuretic therapy is the most common cause of metabolic alkalosis encountered in clinical medicine. The carbonic anhydrase inhibitors and the potassium sparing diuretics are both associated with the development of metabolic acidosis. The mechanism by which acidosis develops differs in these two classes of drugs. To realize the means by which acid–base disturbances occur in association with diuretic therapy, a brief overview of the renal regulation of acid–base balance is provided in this chapter. The thiazide diuretics can also be complicated by the development of metabolic alkalosis. The mechanisms by which the thiazide diuretics lead to alkalosis are identical to those involved with loop diuretics. The degree of alkalosis tends to be less severe, since the physiologic changes induced by these agents are much less in magnitude than those induced by loop diuretics.
Property and wealth

If you should see a flock of pigeons in a field of corn; and if (instead of each picking where and what it liked, taking just as much as it wanted, and no more) you should see ninety-nine of them gathering all they got, into a heap; reserving nothing for themselves, but the chaff and the refuse; keeping this heap for one, and that the weakest, perhaps worst, pigeon of the flock; sitting round, and looking on, all the winter, whilst this one was devouring, throwing about, and wasting it; and if a pigeon more hardy or hungry than the rest, touched a grain of the hoard, all the others instantly flying upon it, and tearing it to pieces; if you should see this, you would see nothing more than what is every day practised and established among men. Among men, you see the ninety-and-nine toiling and scraping together a heap of superfluities for one (and this one too, oftentimes the feeblest and worst of the whole set …); getting nothing for themselves all the while, but a little of the coarsest of the provision, which their own industry produces; looking quietly on, while they see the fruits of all their labour spent or spoiled; and if one of the number take or touch a particle of the hoard, the others joining against him, and hanging him for the theft. These words were written in 1785. Over 200 years later, Paley's challenging analogy has lost little of its force.
The Media and Control in the Future

Paper presented as a part of BFSA Symposium, Society of the Future: A behavioral approach. Association for Behavior Analysis, Dearborn, Michigan, May 25, 1980.
Structural entailment and semantic natural kinds

Is there a principled difference between entailments in natural language that are valid solely in virtue of their form or structure and those that are not? This paper advances an affirmative answer to this question, one that takes as its starting point Gareth Evans’s suggestion that semantic theory aims to carve reality at the joints by uncovering the semantic natural kinds of the language. I sketch an Evans-inspired account of semantic kinds and show how it supports a principled account of structural entailment. I illustrate the account by application to a case study involving the entailment properties of adverbs; this involves developing a novel proposal about the semantics for adverbs like ‘quickly’ and ‘slowly’. In the course of the discussion I explore some implications of the account for the place of model-theoretic tools in natural language semantics.
MALDI MS Guided Liquid Microjunction Extraction for Capillary Electrophoresis–Electrospray Ionization MS Analysis of Single Pancreatic Islet Cells

The ability to characterize chemical heterogeneity in biological structures is essential to understanding cellular-level function in both healthy and diseased states, but these variations remain difficult to assess using a single analytical technique. While mass spectrometry (MS) provides sufficient sensitivity to measure many analytes from volume-limited samples, each type of mass spectrometric analysis uncovers only a portion of the complete chemical profile of a single cell. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) MS and capillary electrophoresis electrospray ionization (CE-ESI)-MS are complementary analytical platforms frequently utilized for single-cell analysis. Optically guided MALDI MS provides a high-throughput assessment of lipid and peptide content for large populations of cells, but is typically nonquantitative and fails to detect many low-mass metabolites because of MALDI matrix interferences. CE-ESI-MS allows quantitative measurements of cellular metabolites and increased analyte coverage, but has lower throughput because the electrophoretic separation is relatively slow. In this work, the figures of merit for each technique are combined via an off-line method that interfaces the two MS systems with a custom liquid microjunction surface sampling probe. The probe is mounted on an xyz translational stage, providing 90.6 ± 0.6% analyte removal efficiency with a spatial targeting accuracy of 42.8 ± 2.3 μm. The analyte extraction footprint is an elliptical area with a major diameter of 422 ± 21 μm and minor diameter of 335 ± 27 μm. To validate the approach, single rat pancreatic islet cells were rapidly analyzed with optically guided MALDI MS to classify each cell into established cell types by their peptide content. After MALDI MS analysis, a majority of the analyte remains for follow-up measurements to extend the overall chemical coverage. Optically guided MALDI MS was used to identify individual pancreatic islet α and β cells, which were then targeted for liquid microjunction extraction. Extracts from single α and β cells were analyzed with CE-ESI-MS to obtain qualitative information on metabolites, including amino acids. Matching the molecular masses and relative migration times of the extracted analytes and related standards allowed identification of several amino acids. Interestingly, dopamine was consistently detected in both cell types. The results demonstrate the successful interface of optical microscopy-guided MALDI MS and CE-ESI-MS for sequential chemical profiling of individual, mammalian cells.
Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation

Allogeneic stem cell transplantation in malignant diseases has evolved as a treatment option for patients with otherwise incurable diseases. The principle of this treatment is a significant tumor reduction by pretransplant chemotherapy or irradiation and immunological consolidation by various effector cells of the adaptive as well as of the innate immune system. The role of Graft versus Host disease (GvHD) and the concomitant Graft versus Tumor (GvT) effects is discussed and therapeutic approaches exploiting alloreactive T cell responses and ways to separate GvHD from GvT are shown. Antitumor response mechanisms that are also induced by alloreactive Natural Killer (NK) cells and γδ + T-cells belonging to the innate immune system are described. The innate donor-derived immune system might significantly contribute to the anti-tumor effects of allogeneic transplantation and the selection of donors will extend beyond classical high resolution typing of HLA alleles and finding the best matched HLA identical donor. The Killer Inhibitory Immunoglobuline-like Receptor (KIR) system is almost as polymorphic but independent from the HLA system and allows the selection of the optimal donor for certain malignant diseases. Especially in haploidentical transplantion, the KIR system plays an important role and new donor selection strategies might also apply in the future for the treatment of refractory solid tumors.
Spectrophotometric determination of ferric, ferrous, and total iron in drugs by reaction with alpha, alpha'-dipyridyl

The drug sample is dissolved in 0.2N HCl to yield a final concentration of 30 mug Fe/ml, an aliquot is reacted with alpha,alpha-dipyridyl, and the pH is adjusted with an acetate buffer. For Fe(II), the color intensity is measured at 523 nm. For total iron, ascorbic acid is added to a separate aliquot of the sample solution, reducing all the iron present to Fe(II), which is then reacted with alpha,alpha'-dipyridyl, diluted to volume, and read at 523 nm. The Fe(III) content is determined by subtracing Fe(II) from total iron. This method is applicable to iron-containing drugs and drug dosage forms.
Social Justice Training in Action: A Counseling Psychologist's Role in a Police-Mental Health Collaborative Serving Disadvantaged Youth

Training programs in counseling psychology have endeavored to integrate social justice into their curricula and prepare their graduates to be agents of change in their communities (Goodman et al., 2004). However, there is too often a disconnect between social justice theory and training and how these principles are actualized in the community (Beer, Spanierman, Greene, and Todd, 2012). Using a case study of a counseling psychologist’s role in developing and administering Safety Net, a police-mental health collaborative to reduce youth contact with the juvenile justice system, this paper provides an example of a counseling psychologist engaged in a community collaboration and systems advocacy (Lewis, Arnold, House and Toporek, 2002) as integrated parts of his roles as therapist, consultant, and advocate. The authors present the case as an iterative, step-by-step process which can serve as a practical example for professionals and trainees working to translate theory into practice.
Factors associated with adverse outcomes from cardiovascular events in the kidney transplant population: an analysis of national discharge data, hospital characteristics, and process measures

Kidney transplant (KT) patients presenting with cardiovascular (CVD) events are being managed increasingly in non-transplant facilities. We aimed to identify drivers of mortality and costs, including transplant hospital status. Data from the 2009–2011 Nationwide Inpatient Sample, the American Hospital Association, and Hospital Compare were used to evaluate post-KT patients hospitalized for MI, CHF, stroke, cardiac arrest, dysrhythmia, and malignant hypertension. We used generalized estimating equations to identify clinical, structural, and process factors associated with risk-adjusted mortality and high cost hospitalization (HCH). Data on 7803 admissions were abstracted from 275 hospitals. Transplant hospitals had lower crude mortality (3.0% vs. 3.8%, p = 0.06), and higher un-adjusted total episodic costs (Median $33,271 vs. $28,022, p < 0.0001). After risk-adjusting for clinical, structural, and process factors, mortality predictors included: age, CVD burden, CV destination hospital, diagnostic cardiac catheterization without intervention (all, p < 0.001). Female sex, race, documented co-morbidities, and hospital teaching status were protective (all, p < 0.05). Transplant and non-transplant hospitals had similar risk-adjusted mortality. HCH was associated with: age, CVD burden, CV procedures, and staffing patterns. Hospitalizations at transplant facilities had 37% lower risk-adjusted odds of HCH. Cardiovascular process measures were not associated with adverse outcomes. KT patients presenting with CVD events had similar risk-adjusted mortality at transplant and non-transplant hospitals, but high cost care was less likely in transplant hospitals. Transplant hospitals may provide better value in cardiovascular care for transplant patients. These data have significant implications for patients, transplant and non-transplant providers, and payers.
The Helicobacter pylori Cag Type IV Secretion System

Colonization of the human stomach with Helicobacter pylori strains containing the cag pathogenicity island is a risk factor for development of gastric cancer. The cag pathogenicity island contains genes encoding a secreted effector protein (CagA) and components of a type IV secretion system (Cag T4SS). The molecular architecture of the H. pylori Cag T4SS is substantially more complex than that of prototype T4SSs in other bacterial species. In this review, we discuss recent discoveries pertaining to the structure and function of the Cag T4SS and its role in gastric cancer pathogenesis.
Biopics of Women

This book is an accessible overview of biographical fiction films of women and is structured around four of the most popular subjects of female biopics: queens and political figures; entertainers; writers; and subjects of current affairs. While the biopic is commonly accepted as a deeply conservative cinematic form that represents glorification of the past and of the self-made individual, a number of biopics of women challenge all of these characterizations. They show the genre to be much more complicated and challenging to regressive ideas than has been proposed, and open to different formats and thematic possibilities. Providing an overview of key subgenres complemented by analyses of key texts that illustrate major aspects of each category, Biopics of Women examines the development of biographical films in each area and the images of successful women they project in order to investigate the issues involved in women’s representation in the genre as a whole. This is a lively and readable text for students and scholars in Gender and Film, Gender and Media, and Women’s Studies.
Phase I study of TRC102 in combination with cisplatin and pemetrexed in patients with advanced solid tumors/Phase II study of TRC102 with pemetrexed in patients with mesothelioma refractory to pemetrexed and cisplatin or carboplatin.

9055Background: Treatment options remain limited in malignant pleural mesothelioma refractory to pemetrexed +/- platinum. TRC102 (methoxyamine hydrochloride) is a novel biochemical inhibitor of the...
Criminogenic Risk, Criminogenic Need, Collective Efficacy, and Juvenile Delinquency:

Juvenile delinquency is influenced by reciprocal relationships between micro-level and macro-level factors. The risk, need, and responsivity (RNR) model, and collective efficacy theory are two comm...
Exit and voice: the paradox of cross-border politics in Mexico: by Lauren Duquette-Rury, Los Angeles, University of California Press, 2019, 286 pp., $34.95 (paperback), ISBN 9780520321960

Exit and Voice narrates a remarkably detailed and well-conceived study that explains how Mexicans abroad can affect the economic and political fortunes of those who stayed behind – not always in th...
Minimally Invasive Techniques for Management of Urachal Anomalies and Posterior Bladder Pathology

The chapter examines how advancements of minimally invasive and especially robotic surgery in pediatric urology have improved our ability to treat urachal anomalies and posterior bladder lesions. It is important to understand how these processes present and their natural history as this will affect how these lesions are managed, including surgical approach. If a minimally invasive approach is a viable option then the surgeon must be facile with all aspects of the operation including positioning of the patient, placement of ports, and instruments to be used. Equally important, the surgeon must be prepared to manage any complication that arises.
The Influence of Robot Verbal Support on Human Team Members: Encouraging Outgroup Contributions and Suppressing Ingroup Supportive Behavior

As teams of people increasingly incorporate robot members, it is essential to consider how a robot's actions may influence the team's social dynamics and interactions. In this work, we investigated the effects of verbal support from a robot (e.g., "good idea Salim," "yeah") on human team members' interactions related to psychological safety and inclusion. We conducted a between-subjects experiment (N = 39 groups, 117 participants) where the robot team member either (A) gave verbal support or (B) did not give verbal support to the human team members of a human-robot team comprised of 2 human ingroup members, 1 human outgroup member, and 1 robot. We found that targeted support from the robot (e.g., "good idea George") had a positive effect on outgroup members, who increased their verbal participation after receiving targeted support from the robot. When comparing groups that did and did not have verbal support from the robot, we found that outgroup members received fewer verbal backchannels from ingroup members if their group had robot verbal support. These results suggest that verbal support from a robot may have some direct benefits to outgroup members but may also reduce the obligation ingroup members feel to support the verbal contributions of outgroup members.
Response to 'Order Flows and Financial Investor Impacts in Commodity Futures Markets'

Financial institutions that issue commodity-linked notes hedge their liabilities by buying commodity futures. Henderson, Pearson and Wang (2015) show that these futures trades impact commodity futures prices and interpret this as evidence that uninformed financial flows into the commodity markets impact commodity prices. Ready and Ready (2019) criticize the analysis and conclusions in Henderson, Pearson and Wang (2015) and instead conclude that there is no evidence that the uninformed financial flows of CLN hedging trades impact commodity prices. This note explains why the analysis, criticisms, and conclusions in Ready and Ready (2019) are incorrect.
Evolution of the Flight Telerobotic Servicer

The Flight Telerobotic Servicer (FTS) is a two-armed manipulator which will be used to build and maintain Space Station Freedom. One of the goals of the project is to be able to upgrade the capabilities of the FTS by incorporating new technology. To achieve this goal, the FTS is using the NASA/NIST Standard Reference Model for Telerobot Control System Architecture (NASREM) for its functional architecture. While using NASREM helps integrate new technology into the system, the decisions concerning the precise technology needing development must be addressed. In this paper, an approach to the technological evolution of the FTS will be explored. The approach begins with detailed scripts of representative FTS activities. These scripts are analyzed to determine the generic or common actions performed by the FTS. Then, technological alternatives are described in terms of a decision tree format.
Imparting protective properties to Lyocell via finishing treatments

Lyocell fabric was analysed for its protective properties against UV radiation and disease-causing microbes. Unfinished lyocell fabric afforded no protection against UV radiation and also possessed no antimicrobial activity against the two microbes investigated in this study. To improve its protective properties, lyocell was finished with a UV absorber. To enhance its antimicrobial properties, lyocell was treated with an antimicrobial agent. It was experimentally determined that an optimum UV absorber concentration of 2% of the weight of the fabric was sufficient to improve the UV properties of lyocell fabric to an excellent degree. The optimum antimicrobial concentration for excellent antimicrobial activity was found to be 0.5% of the weight of the fabric. Subsequently, lyocell fabric was finished with the optimum amount of UV absorber and antimicrobial agent in a combined multi-functional bath. The data showed that the UV protection of lyocell fabric was not negatively affected when a multi-functional bath was employed. Similarly, the antimicrobial efficiency was not reduced by multi-functional finishing treatment. Further, the finishing treatments, whether applied singly or in a multi-functional bath, were durable to laundering and to light exposure.
High single mode operation from hybrid ion implanted/selectively oxidized VCSELs

The modal discrimination can be augmented by creating a central region of gain surrounded by a region of optical loss. We report single mode output of more than 5 mW for 850 nm VCSELs fabricated using a hybrid ion implantation and selective oxidation device structure designed to achieve this end.
Public distribution of food in India: Coverage, targeting and leakages

Abstract This article analyses recent evidence underlying concerns related to the coverage and performance of the Indian Public Distribution System. The broad conclusions are that leakages into the free market are a serious problem, as is the weak targeting in the programme. Contrary to popular perception, though, rural coverage, given the parameters under which the programme operates, is roughly comparable to urban coverage. For the future, greater attention to state poverty levels in determining central foodgrain allocations, loosening of regulations surrounding the use of ration cards, greater use of inferior grain varieties and a reduction in the number of commodities handled by the system are suggested to reduce costs, intensify targeting and improve general efficiency levels.
Educational attainment is associated with atrial fibrillation symptom severity.

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF), the most common arrhythmia encountered in clinical practice, is often managed with a rhythm control strategy. Despite the emphasis on symptom relief as the motivation for a rhythm controlling strategy in AF, it remains unclear what factors affect the patient's experienced severity of AF symptoms. We hypothesize that demographic variables may affect AF symptom severity as many AF symptoms (palpitations, dyspnea, fatigue) are nonspecific and may require particular patient insight. Methods: We assessed demographic variables, cardiac and noncardiac comorbidities, AF burden, and AF-specific self-reported symptom severity in a cohort of 300 outpatients with AF presenting to outpatient electrophysiology clinics. Results: In unadjusted analyses, decreased educational attainment, unemployed working status, and non-Caucasian race were associated with worsened AF symptom severity. After adjusting for potential confounders, the association of decreased educational attainment with worsened AF symptom severity persisted. Conclusions: Possible links between these demographic features and AF symptom severity are socioeconomic status and health literacy. Further study into the relationship between educational attainment and AF symptom severity is warranted. (PACE 2012; 35:1090–1096)
Diethyl(1,1,2,3,3,3-hexafluoropropyl)amine†

[309-88-6] C7H11F6N (MW 223.16) (conversion of the hydroxy group of alcohols to the fluoro group; preparation of 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropionate esters and other fluorine-containing carbonyl compounds) Alternate Names: PPDA; Ishikawa reagent. Physical Data: bp 56–57 °C/58 mmHg, 51 °C/40 mmHg. Solubility: sol diethyl ether. Analysis of Reagent Purity: 19F NMR (see Takaoka et al.).2 Preparative Methods: diethyl(1,1,2,3,3,3-hexafluoropropyl)amine, commonly called the perfluoropropene–diethylamine adduct (PPDA) or the Ishikawa reagent, is readily prepared in yields of 72–89% by reaction of hexafluoropropene (F-propene) with diethylamine in diethyl ether solution (eq 1).2, 3 The reaction is conducted in a glass pressure vessel cooled to −70 °C and liquefied F-propene is added to the amine–ether solution. The mixture is brought to rt overnight and worked up. The resulting product is a 3∶1 molar mixture of the fluoroalkylamine and the (E)-fluoroenamine (established by 19F NMR), bp 56–57 °C/58 mmHg. When prepared by bubbling F-propene into Et2NH–Et2O at 0–5 °C, the reagent with molar ratio 1∶1, bp 51 °C/40 mmHg, is obtained.3 The reagent may be used directly, without distillation. (1) Handling, Storage, and Precautions: after distillation, the oil may be stored in a tightly stoppered vessel at or below rt. Only a slight discoloration is observed after six months. The reagent should be handled in a fume hood.
Mass Transport by Brownian Flows

We consider the motion of a mass distribution in a random velocity field which is “δ-correlated” in time but which has arbitrary spatial correlations. We discuss the rigorous formulation of this problem in terms of Brownian flows and stochastic calculus. We use numerical simulations to illustrate the effect of the flow on the mass. We present results concerning the evolution of the mass distribution and, in particular, the long-time asymptotics of the center of mass and relative dispersion.