cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Tiered Random Matching Markets: Rank Is Proportional to Popularity

We study the stable marriage problem in two-sided markets with randomly generated preferences. Agents on each side of the market are divided into a constant number of "soft" tiers, which capture agents' qualities. Specifically, every agent within a tier has the same public score, and agents on each side have preferences independently generated proportionally to the public scores of the other side. We compute the expected average rank which agents in each tier have for their partners in the man-optimal stable matching, and prove concentration results for the average rank in asymptotically large markets. Furthermore, despite having a significant effect on ranks, public scores do not strongly influence the probability of an agent matching to a given tier of the other side. This generalizes the results by Pittel [Pittel, 1989], which analyzed markets with uniform preferences. The results quantitatively demonstrate the effect of competition due to the heterogeneous attractiveness of agents in the market.
The Conservation of the Original X and Dosage Compensation in the Face of X-polysomy

From the variety of X-polysomic conditions described in man in recent years, one remarkable rule emerged: the number of sex chromatin bodies always equals the number of X-chromosomes present minus one. The dosage compensation mechanism which nullifies the genetic disparity between the male and the female also serves to minimize the detrimental consequences of X-polysomy. But when this rule is viewed against the broad background of knowledge of the whole infraclass Eutheria, it becomes just a small portion of the grand scheme of dosage compensation. In this chapter, it will be shown that the dosage compensation mechanism is universal to all the placental mammals in a qualitative as well as a quantitative sense in that the aim is to preserve only one original X in the functional state in each diploid somatic cell under all the normal and abnormal conditions.
Work in progress - department-specific mentoring network for women students in engineering

Enrollment and retention of undergraduate and graduate women students in Computer Science, Engineering, and Technology (CSET) remains a challenging issue despite recent efforts from many national engineering societies, industries and universities. Over the past decade, a number of successful mentoring programs have been developed, but most of these mentoring programs are college- or university-wide programs. One of the areas in which mentoring can be significantly improved is department-specific mentoring. A mentoring program was launched in fall 2004, in the Agricultural and Biological Engineering (ABE) Department at the University of Florida. Monthly meetings during the fall included women speakers with ABE expertise at different stages of their careers. During the spring semester, the meetings focused on undergraduate research opportunities in ABE and related fields. Feedback forms were obtained at each meeting. We discuss the outcomes from these meetings and the feedback forms, including initial accomplishments and challenges of the mentoring program
The Iowa Business Corporation Act’s Staggered Board Requirement for Public Corporations: A Hostile Takeover of Iowa Corporate Law?

In corporation law, a "staggered" board of directors is one that is divided into two or three groups, with directors in each group serving staggered multi-year terms. Proponents argue that staggered boards promote continuity, stability, and independence on the part of corporate leadership. Critics contend that staggered boards reduce director accountability, promote management entrenchment, and may reduce shareholder value. State legislatures have recently emerged as an important arena in the battle over staggered boards. In this arena, the trend is to require staggered boards for public corporations, whether shareholders want them or not. This paper explains that these new staggered board laws are designed to help local, public corporations resist unwanted takeover bids — an understandable goal for legislators who want to keep home-grown public corporations headquartered in their states. But as the paper also explains, the new laws come with a high pricetag: they circumvent traditional principles of corporate governance and shareholder primacy, and they may also mask conflicts of interest on the part of corporate managers who lobby for their passage.
Will moist convection be stronger in a warmer climate

[1] The intensity of moist convection is an important diagnostic of climate change not currently predicted by most climate models. We show that a simple estimate of the vertical velocity of convective updrafts in a global climate model reproduces observed land-ocean differences in convective intensity. Changes in convective intensity in a doubled CO2 simulation are small because the tropical lapse rate tends to follow a moist adiabatic profile. However, updrafts strengthen by ∼1 m s−1 with warming in the lightning-producing regions of continental convective storms, primarily due to an upward shift in the freezing level. For the western United States, drying in the warmer climate reduces the frequency of lightning-producing storms that initiate forest fires, but the strongest storms occur 26% more often. For the central-eastern United States, stronger updrafts combined with weaker wind shear suggest little change in severe storm occurrence with warming, but the most severe storms occur more often.
Septic pericarditis in a cat with pyometra.

Objective To describe a unique cause of septic pericarditis in a cat and detail the successful case management strategy. Case summary A 6‐year‐old sexually intact female Ragdoll cat was evaluated for a 7‐day history of progressive lethargy, anorexia, and vaginal discharge. Thoracic radiographs revealed a markedly globoid cardiac silhouette and pleural effusion while the initial echocardiogram showed moderate volume pericardial effusion. Following pericardiocentesis, cytologic evaluation of the pericardial effusion revealed septic suppurative inflammation with intra‐ and extracellular Gram‐negative rod‐shaped bacteria. Abdominal ultrasound demonstrated a moderate amount of echogenic uterine fluid accumulation with a right‐sided uterine horn mass. After stabilization with pericardiocentesis, IV fluid therapy and IV antimicrobials, the cat underwent ovariohysterectomy and partial pericardiectomy. Histopathology confirmed a diagnosis of pyometra and septic pericarditis. Uterine and pericardial fluid bacterial culture yielded Escherichia coli with identical antimicrobial sensitivity spectrums. New or unique information provided Septic pericarditis is a rare cause of pericardial effusion in the cat. Previous reported cases have either suggested the cause to be secondary to transient bacteremia resulting from a local infection seeding the pericardium or for the cause to remain unknown. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first veterinary report of septic pericarditis resulting from hematogeneously spread bacteria originating from a urogenital infection. It is also the first report of successful surgical management of septic pericarditis in the cat.
The New Encyclopedia of Southern Culture, Volume 2: Geography

Reviewed Medium: book Year: 2006 Pages: 288 Publisher: University of North Carolina Press ISBN: 13-0-8078-3013-0 (hard cover). Prices: $39.95 USD(hard cover).
On the Brass-and Silver-Colored Forms of PtGa2

PtGa[sub 2] has previously been reported to exist as both a brass-colored, fluorite-structured phase and as a silver-colored alloy of unknown crystal structure. The crystal structure of the silver- colored form is reported here, along with a discussion of the stoichiometric factors responsible for the polymorphy of this phase. The silver- colored form belongs to the space group I4[SUB 1]/acd, with the lattice parameters a = 8.5544(4) and c = 21.574(17) Angstroms, and Z = 32. The structure consists of layers of Pt and Ga stacked along the c axis, in which two crystallographically different Pt and Ga atoms have similar environments involving eight and nine nearest neighbors, respectively. This structural arrangement may be the prototype for a family of ternary platinum metal-Group B-based phases. The present investigation also necessitates changes in the currently accepted Ga- Pt phase diagram. Stoichiometric PtGa[sub 2] undergoes a structural transformation upon cooling from a brass-colored fluorite structure to this silver-colored, tetragonal structure. However, the transformation is inhibited if the composition of the fluorite- structured phase is Ga-poor.
Thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb) methods - Strengths, pitfalls and clinical utility for monitoring TgAb-positive patients with differentiated thyroid cancer

Thyroglobulin autoantibodies (TgAb) are detected at diagnosis or during treatment in approximately 25% of patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). When present, TgAb interferes with thyroglobulin (Tg) measurement causing falsely low or undetectable Tg immunometric assay (IMA) values that can mask disease. Guidelines mandate that every Tg test have TgAb measured simultaneously and quantitatively by immunoassay and not a recovery test. The propensity and magnitude of TgAb–Tg interference relates to both Tg and TgAb concentrations and the class of Tg method used. Because the TgAb trend reflects changes in thyroid tissue mass, TgAb concentrations serve as a surrogate post-operative DTC tumor marker. A rising, or de novo appearance of TgAb may indicate recurrence, whereas a progressive decline suggests successful treatment. This review focuses on the technical limitations of current TgAb methods, characteristics of TgAb interference with different classes of Tg method, and the clinical value of monitoring TgAb trends as a surrogate DTC tumor marker.
Experimental analysis on the performance of lithium based batteries for road full electric and hybrid vehicles

Abstract This paper deals with an experimental evaluation regarding the real performance of lithium based energy storage systems for automotive applications. In particular real working operations of different lithium based storage system technologies, such as Li[NiCoMn]O 2 and LiFePO 4 batteries, are compared in this work from the point of view of their application in supplying full electric and hybrid vehicles, taking as a reference the well-known behavior of lead acid batteries. For this purpose, the experimental tests carried out in laboratory are firstly performed on single storage modules in stationary conditions. In this case the related results are obtained by means of a bidirectional cycle tester based on the IGBT technology, and consent to evaluate, compare and contrast charge/discharge characteristics and efficiency at constant values of current/voltage/power for each storage technology analyzed. Then, lithium battery packs are tested in supplying a 1.8 kW electric power train using a laboratory test bench, based on a 48 V DC bus and specifically configured to simulate working operations of electric vehicles on the road. For this other experimentation the test bench is equipped with an electric brake and acquisition/control system, able to represent in laboratory the real vehicle conditions and road characteristics on predefined driving cycles at different slopes. The obtained experimental results on both charge/discharge tests and driving cycles demonstrate the advantages of using lithium technologies, mainly in terms of their high efficiency, particularly at high current values. That represents a feasible solution to offer vehicle designers and users extended driving ranges and reduced recharging times.
A soft image representation approach by exploiting local neighborhood structure of self-organizing map (SOM)

When images are described with visual words based on vector quantization of low-level color, texture, and edge-related visual features of image regions, it is usually referred as "bag-of-visual words (BoVW)"-based presentation. Although it has proved to be effective for image representation similar to document representation in text retrieval, the hard image encoding approach based on one-to-one mapping of regions to visual words is not expressive enough to characterize the image contents with higher level semantics and prone to quantization error. Each word is considered independent of all the words in this model. However, it is found that the words are related and their similarity of occurrence in documents can reflect the underlying semantic relations between them. To consider this, a soft image representation scheme is proposed by spreading each region's membership values through a local fuzzy membership function in a neighborhood to all the words in a codebook generated by self-organizing map (SOM). The topology preserving property of the SOM map is exploited to generate a local membership function. A systematic evaluation of retrieval results of the proposed soft representation on two different image (natural photographic and medical) collections has shown significant improvement in precision at different recall levels when compared to different low-level and "BoVW"-based feature that consider only probability of occurrence (or presence/absence) of a word.
Genetic Variation for Anther Callus Inducibility in Crosses of Highly Culturable Winter Wheats

Heritability studies suggest that variation among genotypes for callus inducibility should respond to selection. The objective of this study was to determine if crosses among parents with high callus initiation frequencies would produce segregation from which genotypes with improved callus inducibility could be selected. The winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars‘Centurk 78’, ‘Norstar’ and ‘Norwin’ were chosen as parents, based on their high callus initiation frequencies and diverse parentage. F2 populations from crosses between each of these parents were evaluated for callus initiation frequencies and callus vigor as determined by growth rate and healthy appearance. Heterosis was detected for callus initiation in the‘Norwin’×‘Norstar’ cross and for callus vigor in all crosses. Broad sense heritability estimates of 0.25 and 0.37 for callus initiation in the ‘Centurk 78’×‘Norstar’ and ‘Norwin’×‘Norstar’ crosses, respectively, suggest this trait can be improved by selection. Heritability estimates for callus vigor were less promising, ranging from 0.11 to 0.24.
Crime and punishment in Ethiopia: A country profile

Ethiopia is a country with a long and tumultuous history. Centuries of political instability, civil unrest, and poverty have left their mark on the African nation. Over the past two decades the new Ethiopian government has propelled the nation in a progressive direction. While problems continue to plague the Ethiopian people, particularly political unrest, Ethiopia has made improvements related to law and justice well beyond most other African countries. This article profiles the country of Ethiopia and the components of its justice system. The ways in which different crimes and punishments are defined are discussed and each component of the justice system is described in both a historical and current context. As the reader will see, Ethiopia has taken great strides to conform to international standards. Although there is still improvement to be had, Ethiopia has certainly advanced itself as a country with much potential.
Generalized cranking model for collective nuclear motion

Abstract The Inglis cranking model is generalized to take into account effects of any velocity dependence present in the single-particle potential and the reaction of the pairing field to the collective motion. The generalized model is applied to translations, rotations and some special types of vibrations. Some of our results and our numerical calculations are obtained with a harmonic-oscillator single-particle potential. Unlike the inertia calculated with the Inglis cranking model, the inertia calculated with the generalized cranking model is independent of the effective mass and approaches the irrotational value in the limit of large pairing.
Modelling wear at intermittently slipping high speed interfaces

Abstract A literal multitude of mechanical devices have component parts which undergo intermittent slipping at high speed interfaces. This paper develops a methodology and associated algorithms to model the intermittent wearing process in such zones. This includes the handling of thermomechanically-chemically induced material degradation and its effects on the progressive wearing of the contacting surface. In this context the formulation and associated algorithms must be able to cope with the diversity of problem scales, i.e., macrokinetics and kinematics and local stress, strain, heat transfer, chemistry and material removal. Due to the intermittency of slipping, the model must cope with fluctuating energy transfer rates and the concomitant effects on the evolving history. For the purposes of demonstration, the model is applied to define tire wear induced during antilock braking system (ABS) controlled stops of aircraft. The generality of the overall scheme is such that a wide variety of problems can be handled, i.e., brake interfaces, clutches, gear pairs, machinery, friction welding, and so on.
Some effects of progressively lowering electromyographic levels with feedback procedures on the frequency of stuttered verbal behaviors

Abstract Feedback procedures were used to progressively decrease the EMG activity of three stutterers during connected speech tasks. Single subject experimental designs were used which allowed for procedural changes as dictated by each subject's performance. All three subjects demonstrated clinically significant decreases in disfluencies and generalization of the treatment effects for an oral reading task, while one of the subjects also showed this effect for a conversational speech task. The subjects' strategies for manipulating the feedback tone seemed to be related to reduction in many of the motoric and prosodic complexities of speech which may have been importantly related to enhancing and maintaining fluency.
Matrix metalloproteinase circulating levels, genetic polymorphisms, and susceptibility to acute myocardial infarction among patients with coronary artery disease

Objective The aim of this study was to assess systematic differences between patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI) and patients with stable angina in matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) circulating levels and genetic polymorphisms. Methods We identified adults in a large integrated health care delivery system whose initial clinical presentation of coronary disease was either an acute MI or stable exertional angina. A total of 909 patients with acute MI, 466 patients with stable angina, and 1023 healthy older control subjects were genotyped. Serum levels of pro-MMP1, MMP2, MMP3, MMP9, and MMP10 were measured in 199 randomly selected patients from each group. Results At a median of 15 weeks after initial clinical presentation, higher circulating levels of MMP2 and MMP9 were independently associated with acute MI after statistical adjustment for conventional risk factors, hs-CRP levels, and cardiac medications. By contrast, none of the polymorphisms in MMP1 , MMP2 , MMP3 , MMP9 , or MMP10 was significantly associated with either acute MI compared with angina, or with coronary disease compared with controls. Conclusions Circulating levels of MMP2 and MMP9 are independently associated with development of an acute MI rather than stable angina as the initial clinical presentation of coronary artery disease.
Summarizing archived discussions: a beginning

This paper describes an approach to digesting threads of archived discussion lists by clustering messages into approximate topical groups, and then extracting shorter overviews, and longer summaries for each group.
EFFECTS OF ETHNICITY, SEX, AND AGE ON MMPI PROFILES

Planned comparisons of Mexican-American and Anglo-American profiles were made to probe previous inconsistent findings regarding source of scale differences. While cultural and socioeconomic factors have been demonstrated to affect this inventory, variables of ethnicity, sex, and age and their interactions have not been thoroughly assessed, due to variations in methodology, populations, and sample sizes. The applicability of MMPI to the Mexican-American population was also questioned. Variables of ethnicity, sex, and age, allowed to vary and function as independent measures through multiple analyses of variance, proved to be potent sources of variance. Cultural factors seem related to elevations for the Mexican-Americans on the Lie and Frequency scales. Effects attributable to sex alone occurred on the Hypochondriasis, Masculinity-Femininity, and Mania scales. Elevations on the Hypochondriasis, Psychopathic Deviate, and Paranoia scales were linked to effects of age. Elevations for Mexican-American women on...
An empirical investigation of the properties of a new goodness-of-fit test

We investigate the power properties of a new goodness-nf-fit test proposed by rontz (1980). This new test is compared with the (The squared test and the Kolmogoma Smirnov (K-S) test for normality when the samples come from (i) the family of asymmetric stable distributions, (ii) mixtures of normal distributions, and (iii) the Pearson family. The general conclusion is that the new test performs better than the Chi squared and the K-S test when the parent distribution is heavy-tailed. If the hypothesized distribution differs from the true distribution in location only, the new test does not do as well as the other two.
Molecular cloning and sequencing of a human hepatitis delta (δ) virus RNA

Human hepatitis delta (delta) virus (HDV) is a form of defective virus, which infects humans only in the presence of a co-infecting hepatitis B virus (HBV). HDV superinfection in a chronic HBV carrier often results in severe chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis, whereas acute HDV and HBV co-infection is frequently associated with fulminant hepatitis. HDV consists of a 36-nm particle, which contains an envelope with HBV surface antigen, and a nucleocapsid containing the hepatitis delta-antigen (HDAg) and an RNA genome of 1.75 kilobases (kb). Recently, the genomic RNA from an HDV serially passaged in chimpanzees has been cloned and sequenced in a study which showed that the HDV RNA is a single-stranded circular molecule with properties similar to those of viroid or virusoid. However, it is not known whether serial passages in chimpanzees had altered the properties of human HDV. Here we report the cloning and sequencing of an HDV RNA isolated directly from a patient with acute delta-hepatitis. The sequence showed considerable divergence (11%) from that of the chimpanzee-adapted HDV. Five open reading frames (ORFs) of more than 100 amino acids in both genomic and anti-genomic sense were found. The largest ORF in antigenomic sense, which can code for 214 amino acids, may correspond to the HDAg.
Neurologic evaluation of dysphagia

Unexplained dysphagia is often caused by unrecognized neurologic disease. A previous article (Buchholz 1987) discussed the many neurologic diseases that may cause dysphagia. This article reviews a neurologist's approach to dysphagia of possible neurologic origin. As with most medical problems, a careful history provides more information about dysphagia than any other data-gathering technique. Therefore, history-taking is discussed first, followed by review of pertinent aspects of the general and neurologic examinations and ancillary testing.
Crossfile Searching with QPAT-US Using WordBasic Macro Tools

QPAT-US, Questel−Orbit's database of U.S. Patents (1974−present) accessible via the Internet, is a powerful and cost-effective tool for full-text searching. In our searching group, it has also largely replaced CD-ROMs as the preferred means of browsing U.S. Patents. However, the resource provides poor help in crossfile searching efforts. Tools and techniques have been developed, using Microsoft Word and WordBasic Macros, to ease export of search results from QPAT-US to other online databases (e.g., Derwent's World Patents Index) and to ease import of U.S. patent numbers from other online databases to permit browsing the full text of the patent. Examples of use and source code for these tools are provided.
Reliability and validity of the compliance belief scales among patients with heart failure

Abstract Background: Lack of medication and dietary compliance leads to troublesome symptoms and hospitalization in patients with heart failure. Compliance behaviors are influenced by beliefs about the behavior. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Beliefs about Medication Compliance Scale (BMCS) and the Beliefs about Dietary Compliance Scale (BDCS) among patients with heart failure. Theoretical Framework: This study’s theoretical framework is the Health Belief Model. Methods: A convenience sample of 234 patients with heart failure completed the BMCS and the BDCS. Patients completed the scales at baseline by face-to-face interviews and at 8 and 52 weeks after baseline by telephone interview. Results: Construct validity of the scales was supported by confirmatory factor analysis. Both the BMCS and the BDCS had benefits and barriers scales with clear factor loadings. The internal consistency reliability estimates of the scales ranged from.63 to.88, with the BMCS having some estimates lower than.70. The test-retest reliability estimates ranged from.07 to.57. The intraclass correlation coefficient estimates were higher between the 8-week and 52-week scores for all scales. Possible reasons for the varying estimates are discussed. Conclusions: The BMCS and the BDCS have documented reliability and validity. Future work should be directed at evaluating the responsiveness of the scales to changing patient conditions and testing interventions to improve medication and dietary compliance through changing beliefs. (Heart Lung ® 2001;30:177-85.)
Anisotropic design of a multilayered biological exoskeleton

National Science Foundation (U.S.) (MIT Center for Materials Science and Engineering (DMR-0819762))
The viscosity of argon-helium mixtures

Synopsis The paper describes the details and results of a precise, absolute determination of the viscosity of argon-helium mixtures at 20°C and at 30°C, both from 1 to 50 atm pressure. The accuracy of the measurements is estimated to be ± 0.2% at worst, but the relative values with respect to the pure gases are thought to be precise to ± 0.04. It is found that the excess viscosity of all mixtures is a unique function of density, p, certainly to order p, and approximately, but with an error comparable to that of the determination, also to order p2.
Climatic change, refugia, and biodiversity: where do we go from here? An editorial comment

Climate change in the coming century will affect biodiversity at many biological levels, ranging from ecosystems to genes. Forecasting the effects of these changes, especially in the context of which species will be restricted to refugia and/or prone to extinction, is taking on increasing importance. Enhanced integration of phylogeography with phylochronology, paleontological and geological data, and climate science (especially taking into account scales of climate change other than orbitally-induced glacial–interglacial cycles) is needed to more fully appreciate the genetic effects of past climate changes, and to help predict future fates of species.
A natural calibration source for determining germanium detector efficiencies

In many applications of gamma-ray spectroscopy one is faced with the task of efficiency determinations for large and/or unusually shaped samples. We propose an efficiency calibration technique that takes advantage of the well-understood decays of the long-lived naturally occurring radioisotopes, 176Lu, 138La and 40K. Mixtures of known amounts of chemical compounds like Lu2O3, LuCl3, La2O3, La(NO3)3, K2SO4 and KCl provide efficiency values for six gamma lines ranging from 88 to 1461 keV. We present results of this procedure in different samples.
Modulation of Surface Barrier in AlGaN/GaN Heterostructures

Large modulation of the surface barrier height in AlGaN/GaN heterostructures has been observed under different perturbations. Exposure to UV illumination results in large reduction of the surface barrier height. This is caused by the screening of the built-in electric field in the AlGaN barrier layer by the photogenerated carriers, lowering the surface barrier height. After the UV illumination is switched off, the reduced surface barrier returns very slowly to the equilibrium value. The recovery transient is modeled by thermionic emission of electrons from the quantum well, which recombine with the holes trapped at the surface. On the other hand, after applying high negative bias on the gate and positive bias on the drain of a transistor, large increase in surface barrier is observed near the gate. Such an increase in surface barrier reduces the 2DEG at the interface. It is proposed that under high bias stress, electrons tunnel from the gate and get trapped at the surface states near the gate increasing the barrier height.
Immune Tolerance in Calomys callosus infected with Machupo Virus

MACHUPO virus, the aetiological agent of Bolivian haemorrhagic fever, is an ether-sensitive RNA virus immunologically classified as a member of the Tacaribe group of “arboviruses”1–3. Repeated isolation of this virus from the cricetine rodent Calomys callosus4, the demonstration of chronic virus infection with persistent viruria in this animal5, and the inability to recover virus from a large number of arthropods associated with C. callosus6, led to serious doubt that biological transmission by arthropods was an important mechanism in the natural maintenance of Machupo virus. To facilitate inquiry into this problem, a laboratory colony of C. callosus was established7. We report here preliminary work on the dynamics of experimental infection which demonstrates that Machupo virus regularly induces immune tolerance in Calomys infants and in a portion of animals infected as adults.
The enthalpy of nickel(II) fluoride above 25 °C

Abstract The gate assembly of our earlier drop calorimeter has been improved to give more reliable results. Calibration with α-alumina gave an average uncertainty of 0.3 per cent between 25 and 1400 °C. The equation derived for nickel(II) fluoride, NiF2 for 298.15 K
CLARIFYING THE CONCEPTUAL DEFINITIONS OF GOAL ORIENTATION DIMENSIONS: COMPETENCE, CONTROL, AND EVALUATION

The current study examined relationships between goal orientation dimensions and other individual difference constructs in order to clarify the conceptual definition of goal orientation. Results from a sample of university students (N = 228) revealed that learning goal orientation is related to constructs addressing competence (need for achievement, intrinsic motivation, and private self‐consciousness) and to constructs addressing control (locus of control and dominance). Additionally, results indicated that performance goal orientation is related to constructs addressing individuals' desire for favorable evaluations (social desirability and public self‐consciousness). Finally, we proposed that self‐esteem addresses issues relating to both competence and desire for favorable evaluations, and results revealed support for predicted relationships with learning and performance goal orientation dimensions. Our clarification of the goal orientation construct provides a framework to guide future research.
Effect of high intensity interval training on 2,3-diphosphoglycerate at rest and after maximal exercise.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of intense interval training on erythrocyte 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) levels at rest and after maximal exercise. Eight normal men, mean ± SE=24.2±4.3 years, trained 4 days·week−1 for a period of 8 weeks. Each training session consisted of eight maximal 30-s rides on a cycle ergometer, with 4 min active rest between rides. Prior to and after training the subjects performed a maximal 45-s ride on an isokinetic cycle ergometer at 90 rev·min−1 and a graded leg exercise test (GLET) to exhaustion on a cycle ergometer. Blood samples were obtained from an antecubital vein before, during and after the GLET only. Training elicited significant increases in the amount of work done during the 45-s ride (P 0.05), at exhaustion (Pre=12.0±0.8; Post=11.2±0.8 Μmol·g−1 Hb;P>0.05) or during 30 min of recovery from the GLET. Additionally, acute exercise (pre-training GLET) did not effect any change in 2,3-DPG at exhaustion or during recovery from exercise compared to resting values. The higher\(\dot V_{{\text{O}}_{\text{2}} }\) max and total recovery\(\dot V_{{\text{O}}_{\text{2}} }\) values observed after training appear to be unrelated to 2,3-DPG levels. Under the present conditions, the role, if any, of 2,3-DPG in enhancing tissue oxygenation during increased metabolic demand remains obscure.
Time, place, and the lifeworlds of feminist geographers: the US in the 1970s

The 1970s, the decade in which Susan Hanson took up an academic appointment in American geography, was a period of marked growth in women's representation and political activism in the discipline and of the emergence of feminist research and teaching. Susan's career illustrates the changes in consciousness, resiliency in the face of setbacks, and creativity of the times. Inspired by the women's movement, and exemplifying collegiality, women geographers identified masculine biases in scholarship and professional practices, initiated research and teaching on women and gender, and worked to enter the leadership of the Association of American geographers. Their efforts were the genesis of the feminism in the profession that has since flourished in the United States. It is fitting that Susan Hanson's leadership and contributions in this arena are widely recognized and honored.
Simulation-based analysis of keyword auctions

Keyword auctions account for an enormous proportion of revenue for the major search engines. Consequently, substantial literature analyzing alternative auction designs has sprouted in recent years. We contribute to this growing literature by engaging in a simulation-based analysis of strategic interactions in keyword auctions which are difficult to analyze in closed form. In this letter we provide an overview of two specific efforts in this direction. The first effort presents analysis of the dynamic bidding strategies, while the second effort is performed in a static context, but involves a close analysis of several classes of Bayesian bidding strategies. Both these efforts attempt to bridge the gap between the mostly theoretical literature to date and real auctions.
Effects of Extracellular Calcium on fASIC1 Currents

Fish ASIC1 (fASIC1) cloned from Opsanus tau, unlike the rat ASICs, requires Ca 2 + in the extracellular preconditioning solution (pH 7.4) to be activated. Here we show that fASICl is interacting with Ca 2 + in the same way as mammalian ASICs: extracellular Ca 2 + is increasing the proportion of channels available for activation by stabilizing the closed state of the channel; in the activation process Ca 2 + is released; H + compete for the binding site of Ca 2 + making the gating mechanism both Ca 2 + and H + dependent; H + stabilizes the desensitized state; Ca 2 + blocks the fASICl channel; and the affinity of the block is also modulated by H + . The "Ca 2 + activation requirement" of fASIC 1 reflects its greater affinity for steady-state desensitization by H + compared to mammalian ASIC1.
Approximating the permanent of graphs with large factors

Let G=(U, V, E) be a bipartite graph with |U|=|V|=n. The factor size of G, f, is the maximum number of edge disjoint perfect matchings in G. We characterize the complexity of counting the number of perfect matchings in classes of graphs parameterized by factor size. We describe the simple algorithm, which is an approximation algorithm for the permanent that is a natural simplification of the algorithm suggested by Broder (1986) and analyzed by Jerrum and Sinclair (1988a, b). Compared to the algorithm by Jerrum and Sinclair (1988a, b), the simple algorithm achieves a polynomial speed up in the running time to compute the permanent. A combinatorial lemma is used to prove that the simple algorithm runs in time nO(n/f). Thus: (1) for all constants α>0, the simple algorithm runs in polynomial time for graphs with factor size at least αn; (2) for some constant c, the simple algorithm is the fastest known approximation for graphs with factor size at least c log n. (Compare with the approximation algorithms described in Karmarkar (1988).) We prove the following complementary hardness results. For functions f such that 3⩽f(n)⩽n−3, the exact counting problem for f(n)-regular bipartite graphs is #P-complete. For and e>0, for any function f such that 3⩽f(n)⩽n1−e, approximate counting for f(n)-regular bipartite graphs is as hard as approximate counting for all bipartite graphs. An announcement of these results appears in Dagum (1988).
Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci in Lampsilis abrupta (Bivalvia: Unionidae) and cross-species amplification within the genus

We have documented the first microsatellites isolated from a unionid and demonstrated that these markers can be useful for surveys of neutral genetic variation in several Lampsilis species. We describe the isolation and characterization of 15 polymorphic microsatellite DNA loci for the endangered unionid Lampsilis abrupta. Among individuals from five collections, allelic diversity ranged from six to 17 alleles and averaged 10.4 alleles per locus. Individual heterozygosity was observed to range from 20.0% to 86.7% and averaged 46.9%. Cross-species amplification was investigated in nine additional Lampsilis species. A high level of flanking sequence similarity was inferred as 13 of 15 loci amplified in at least seven species.
The Role of GM1 Ganglioside in Regulating Excitatory Opioid Effectsa

Our studies with cultured cells have provided new insight into the particular role of GM1 in regulating excitatory opioid responses. GM1 is significantly elevated in chronic opioid-treated cells via Gs/adenylyl cyclase activation. Such GM1 elevation promotes coupling of opioid receptor with Gs, resulting in attenuation of inhibitory opioid effects and induction of a sustained excitatory response. Application of exogenous GM1, but not other gangliosides, induces excitatory opioid responses not only in neurons and neuroblastoma cells that bear intrinsic opioid receptors but also in nonneuronal cells that are transfected with delta-opioid receptor. The latter system provides evidence that allosteric binding of GM1 changes receptor conformation from a Gi-coupled to a Gs-coupled mode. This is supported by preliminary experiments with a mutated delta-opioid receptor.
Encapsulation of solid particles by the concentrated emulsion polymerization method

Abstract The encapsulation of submicron sizes of alumina and fumed silica particles in crosslinked polyacrylamide is described. In a first step, a colloidal dispersion was prepared by dispersing the solid particles in an aqueous monomer (acrylamide) solution containing a water-soluble dispersant, a crosslinking agent, and a suitable initiator. In the second step, a concentrated emulsion was prepared at room temperature by dispersing the above colloidal system in decane containing a suitable surfactant, the volume fraction of the continuous phase being about 0.1. Upon heating at 40°C, polymerization of the dispersed phase of the gel-like emulsion obtained took place, thus encapsulating the solid particles in capsules with a polyhedral shape. Electron microscopy revealed that the solid particles were covered by polymer, and that the sizes of the capsules were around 4–5 μm for alumina and 1.0–1.5 μm for silica.
Prospects for developing a molecular cure for thalassemia.

The delineation of the thalassemia syndromes started in the late 1950s with the distinction of alpha and beta thalassemias and the initial studies that pointed out to the considerable genetic heterogeneity of these disorders. Molecular investigations, however, had to wait for the development of recombinant DNA and molecular cloning techniques in the 1970s. The thalassemias were the first human disorders to be delineated at the DNA level and indeed, by the mid 1980s their molecular pathology had been determined. Investigators in this field always hoped that the molecular understanding of thalassemias would provide clues for the development of molecular therapies and perhaps cures. This hypothesis, however, was proven wrong; no clues for therapies have come from the molecular analysis of the large number of thalassemia mutations that have so far been characterized. Hopes for a molecular cure are now resting on the development of gene therapy. Special for beta thalassemia and the other beta chain hemoglobinopathies is a form of therapy that has been
Reduced interaction matrix for doubly-excited configurations and the correlation energy by a partitioning method

Abstract Analyses of the correlation energy of an N -electron system by Nesbet and Lowdin are extended to obtain a reduced interaction matrix for doubly-excited configurations and an exact expression for correlation energy; the latter is separable in a basis diagonalizing this matrix.
A Robust High-Throughput Assay for Thermodynamic Correctors of the Predominant Molecular Defect Causing Cystic Fibrosis

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a chronic lethal genetic disease, which is caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene. F508del - deletion of a single phenylalanine residue at position 508 - is the most common lethal mutation found in CF patients. Fully synthesized F508del-CFTR is rapidly degraded in the endoplasmic reticulum due to F508del-induced misfolding, preventing proper transport of the protein to the epithelial cell membrane. In previous work, we have demonstrated that F508del facilitates partial unfolding and consequent aggregation of the first nucleotide-binding domain in human CFTR (hNBD1). This F508del-faciliated aggregation is likely a key contributor in F508del-CF pathogenesis. These findings established a foundation to develop a new high-throughput biophysical screen to identify compounds that directly bind to the hNBD1 domain to prevent the F508del-hNBD1 aggregation in vitro and thereby stabilize F508del-CFTR in vivo. We used computational protein engineering to construct an equivalently stable hNBD1 variant that reacts with a visible fluorophore exclusively at a single labeling site. Fluorescence self-quenching of this labeled domain upon unfolding/aggregation provides a robust assay for stabilizing compounds, and this assay gives a Z-factor 0.8 in high-throughput screening. We will describe thermodynamic and structural studies on compounds identified using this screen as well as progress in implementing an equivalent screen in models of full-length human CFTR. Our results demonstrate that thermodynamic stabilization of a protein via interaction of a small molecule at a site remote from a mutation can indirectly correct a genetic defect.
IP multicast for mobile hosts

We present alternative designs for efficiently supporting multicast for mobile hosts on the Internet. Methods for separately supporting multicasting and mobility along with their possible interactions are briefly described, and then various solutions to the combined problem are explored. We examine three different multicast delivery mechanisms and compare them based on their efficiency and impact on host protocol software. We describe proposals for integrating multicasting and mobility in the Internet architecture. We first present IP extensions for host mobility and other extensions for multicasting. We then examine local multicasting mechanisms, focusing on a group membership protocol that is optimized for wireless point-to-point links. Next, we examine the problems of sending and receiving multicast datagrams in a wide area network. For multicast reception, we describe three alternative proposals and compare them by examining both their applicability and their performance, as well as possible tradeoffs among the two.
Three-dimensional Fourier optics: the linear scalar transfer function

There is a formal similarity between one- and two-dimensional canonical operators. This observation immediately extends two-dimensional Fourier optics to nonorthogonal systems. Every relation in two-dimensional Fourier optics implies another relation for three-dimensional Fourier optics. In particular, the two-dimensional linear scalar transfer function of Nazarathy and Goodman [ J. Opt. Soc. Am. A3, 523 ( 1986)] is immediately generalized to three dimensions.
High-Resolution Visualization and Compositional Analysis of Polymers with Atomic Force Microscopy

Application of atomic force microscopy (AFM) to polymers includes visualization of single macromolecules, studies of lamellar and micro-phase morphologies, and compositional imaging of heterogeneous materials using phase contrast. The essential issues of high-resolution imaging, compositional mapping polymers, and AFM-based nanoindentation will be outlined. Recent developments in multi-frequency AFM impact local studies of nanomechanical and electric properties, the recording of force curves in oscillatory AFM modes, and single-pass Kelvin force microscopy (KFM) and dC/dZ measurements. The latest applications of KFM and dC/dZ mapping to heterogeneous polymers with polar components will be presented.
RECYCLED CONTENT SIGN BLANKS

This paper documents a study of the feasibility of using sign blanks constructed of reclaimed materials in roadside applications instead of conventional high-grade plywood and aluminum. Various types of recycled materials were solicited from commercial manufacturers and subjected to an array of laboratory tests and numerical simulations. Materials tested include high-density polyethylene, polycarbonate, polyvinyl chloride, and calcium carbonate. Properties and performance of a total of seven recycled materials that were tested in flexure, uniaxial tension, creep, free vibration, and exposure to ultraviolet radiation are discussed.