cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Information-Driven Sensor Path Planning by Approximate Cell Decomposition

A methodology is developed for planning the sensing strategy of a robotic sensor deployed for the purpose of classifying multiple fixed targets located in an obstacle-populated workspace. Existing path planning techniques are not directly applicable to robots whose primary objective is to gather sensor measurements using a bounded field of view (FOV). This paper develops a novel approximate cell-decomposition method in which obstacles, targets, sensor's platform, and FOV are represented as closed and bounded subsets of an Euclidean workspace. The method constructs a connectivity graph with observation cells that is pruned and transformed into a decision tree from which an optimal sensing strategy can be computed. The effectiveness of the optimal sensing strategies obtained by this methodology is demonstrated through a mine-hunting application. Numerical experiments show that these strategies outperform shortest path, complete coverage, random, and grid search strategies, and are applicable to nonoverpass capable robots that must avoid targets as well as obstacles.
Aerospace: Neutralizing charged-up spacecraft: Electrical charge gathered from space plasma can cause malfunctions or failure, but techniques for minimizing its effects are available

Electrical charge gathered from space plasma can cause malfunctions or failure, but techniques for minimizing its effects are available. This article concentrates on the effects of spacecraft charging on unmanned operations.
Payoff Matrices Pay Off at Hallmark

The “newsboy” model, expressed as a payoff matrix, enables inventory control managers to incorporate three important contingencies---demand uncertainty, salvage value, and shortage cost---in determining run size or purchase quantity. To use this model, managers had to learn to provide subjective probability distributions of demand as well as model formulation, model solution, and sensitivity analysis. Parallel analyses business as usual versus the model demonstrated higher profits for model-based decisions. In several product areas, model-based decisions are now business as usual.
The Comparative Morphology of Idiopathic Ankle Osteoarthritis

Background: Osteoarthritis is the most common joint disease and the leading cause of chronic disability in the U.S. However, symptomatic osteoarthritis at the ankle occurs nine times less frequently than at the knee and hip, even though the ankle experiences greater pressure and is the most commonly injured joint in the human body. This study sought to quantify the shape and coverage of the talar and tibial articular surfaces by comparing the three-dimensional morphology of the ankle in patients with ankle osteoarthritis and in those without arthritis, including a subset of different foot shapes. Methods: We created three-dimensional models of the joint surfaces of ankles with and without arthritis. We fit cylinders to the joint surfaces, and measured the radius of the tibial and talar articular surfaces, the tibial coverage angle of the talus, and the degree of joint skew. We hypothesized that these measurements would be different between those with and without ankle osteoarthritis and among foot types. We evaluated a total of 108 limbs. Results: The mean tibial and talar radii were significantly higher and the mean coverage angle was significantly lower in feet with ankle osteoarthritis than in all other foot categories. The mean coronal skew in limbs with ankle osteoarthritis was significantly higher than in the neutral and flatfoot groups. The high arched feet had several significantly different skew angles from other foot types. No significant differences in joint morphology measures between neutrally aligned feet and flatfeet were found. Conclusions: Ankles with osteoarthritis had larger tibial and talar radii, a smaller coverage angle, and larger skew angles than ankles without osteoarthritis. Together, these findings suggest a flatter ankle joint with less stability, depth, and containment and reduced articular constraint and support. Clinical Relevance: These findings offer an objective standard that supports the principle that ankle osteoarthritis pathology is related to loss of ankle joint containment.
Lattice-based Viterbi decoding techniques for speech translation

We describe a cardinal-synchronous Viterbi decoder for statistical phrase-based machine translation which can operate on general ASR lattices (as opposed to confusion networks). The decoder implements constrained source reordering on the input lattice and makes use of an outbound distortion model to score the possible reorderings. The phrase table, representing the decoding search space, is encoded as a weighted finite state acceptor which is determined and minimized. At a high level, the search proceeds by performing simultaneous transitions in two pairs of automata: (input lattice, phrase table FSM) and (phrase table FSM, target language model). An alternative decoding strategy that we explore is to break the search into two independent subproblems: first, we perform monotone lattice decoding and find the best foreign path through the ASR lattice and then, we decode this path with reordering using standard sentence-based SMT. We report experimental results on several testsets of a large scale Arabic-to-English speech translation task in the context of the global autonomous language exploitation (or GALE) DARPA project. The results indicate that, for monotone search, lattice-based decoding outperforms 1-best decoding whereas for search with reordering, only the second decoding strategy was found to be superior to 1-best decoding. In both cases, the improvements hold only for shallow lattices.
Phosphopeptide enrichment on functionalized polymer microspots for MALDI-MS analysis.

On-plate enrichment of phosphopeptide digests followed by MALDI-MS is attractive for analyzing small quantities of phosphoproteins because it involves minimal sample handling and reduces sample loss. This work describes a method for modification of Si wafers, which serve as MALDI plates, with 250 µm-diameter microspots of phosphopeptide-binding polymer brushes enclosed by a hydrophobic poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) layer. Formation of the patterned surface occurs by heating a patterned PDMS stamp on a Si wafer, growing the polymer brushes from the Si exposed in the stamp pores, and removing the stamp to leave behind a residual layer of PDMS surrounding the brushes. Pinning and evaporation of a sample droplet on the microspot concentrate samples and enrich phosphopeptides through binding to the small area. After rinsing with acidic solution to remove unwanted peptides, a drop of matrix solution elutes the phosphopeptides and crystallizes only on the microspot. With β-casein and ovalbumin digests, the use of microspots rather than 2 mm-diameter polymer spots for phosphopeptide enrichment results in a 5-fold decrease in MALDI-MS detection limits and low-femtomole level sensitivity. Improved enrichment of phosphopeptides on the polymer microspots from samples that contain a 10-fold molar excess of peptides from a non-phosphorylated protein digest is also possible with the help of a sonication-assisted rinse. Thus, arrays of microspots are attractive for analyzing femtomole amounts of relatively pure protein, such as that obtained by immunoprecipitation.
The Black Body in Ecstasy: Reading Race, Reading Pornography, by Jennifer C. Nash

After some years of stagnation and struggle, it appears that over the past three years or so the field of porn studies has begun to develop into the field its practitioners had hoped it would becom...
Properties of metamorphic materials and device structures on GaAs substrates

In this work, the structural, optical, and electrical properties of metamorphic films are examined and compared to non-metamorphic films. Results for electrical and optical devices are presented. Finally the reliability of metamorphic HEMTs is examined.
The Effects of Apparatus Dead Space on PaCO2 in Patients Receiving Lung-Protective Ventilation

BACKGROUND: Lung-protective ventilation using tidal volume (VT) of 4–6 mL/kg (predicted body weight) reduces mortality (compared with traditional VT) in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome and acute lung injury. Standardized use of lower VT can result in respiratory acidosis and has raised new concerns about the appropriate configuration of the ventilator circuit, especially in regard to the dead space (VD) of the apparatus. We hypothesized that, with a patient receiving lung-protective ventilation, the removal of all apparatus dead space from the circuit would reduce PaCO2 and allow a reduction in minute ventilation. METHODS: All the studied patients met the American-European consensus-conference criteria for acute respiratory distress syndrome/acute lung injury, were receiving a lung-protective ventilation strategy, were > 18 years of age, and were hemodynamically stable. We prospectively tested 3 different ventilator-circuit configurations, in random sequence, for 15 min each: (1) standard hygroscopic heat-and-moisture exchanger (HME) with 15-cm flexible tubing, (2) 15-cm flexible tubing only, (3) no HME or flexible tubing. VT, respiratory rate, positive end-expiratory pressure, and fraction of inspired oxygen were maintained constant throughout the study, and exhaled CO2 was measured continuously. Physiologic dead space (VD/VT) was calculated using the Enghoff modification of the Bohr equation. RESULTS: Seven patients were studied. Removal of the HME from the circuit significantly decreased VD/VT (by approximately 6%) and PaCO2 (by approximately 5 mm Hg). Removal of both the HME and flexible tubing from the circuit reduced VD/VT by an additional 5%, and PaCO2 by an additional 6 mm Hg. With both circuit-configuration changes, minute ventilation fell from a mean of 11.51 L/min to 10.35 L/min, and pH increased from 7.30 to 7.38. Carbondioxide production did not change significantly. CONCLUSION: In patients receiving lower-VT ventilation, removing all the apparatus VD from the ventilator circuit reduces PaCO2 and increases pH, at a lower minute ventilation. This information will help guide ventilator-circuit configuration for patients receiving lungprotective ventilation.
Robust digital logic circuits in eukaryotic cells with CRISPR/dCas9 NOR gates

Natural genetic circuits enable cells to make sophisticated digital decisions. Building equally complex synthetic circuits in eukaryotes remains difficult, however, because commonly used genetic components leak transcriptionally, do not allow arbitrary interconnections, or do not have digital responses. Here, we designed a new dCas9-Mxi1 based NOR gate architecture in S. cerevisiae that allows arbitrary connectivity and large genetic circuits. Because we used the strong chromatin remodeler Mxi1, our system showed very little leak and exhibits a highly digital response. In particular, we built a combinatorial library of NOR gates that each directly convert guide RNA (gRNA) input signals into gRNA output signals, enabling NOR gates to be ″wired″ together. We constructed and characterized logic circuits with up to seven independent gRNAs, including repression cascades with up to seven layers. Modeling predicted that the NOR gates have Hill Coefficients of approximately 1.71±0.09, explaining the minimal signal degradation we observed in these deeply layered circuits. Our approach enables the construction of the largest, eukaryotic gene circuits to date and will form the basis for large, synthetic, decision making systems in living cells.
Sociotechnical risk assessment for water distribution system contamination threats

Water distribution systems (WDS) are vulnerable to contaminants, and systematic risk assessment can provide valuable information for assisting threat management. Contamination events are sociotechnical systems, in which the interactions among consumers and water infrastructure may generate unpredicted public health consequences. This research develops a sociotechnical risk assessment framework that simulates the dynamics of a contamination event by coupling an agent-based modeling (ABM) framework with Monte Carlo simulation (MCS), genetic algorithm (GA) optimization, and a multi-objective GA. The ABM framework couples WDS simulation with agents to represent consumers in a virtual city. MCS is applied to estimate the uncertainty in human exposure, based on probabilistic models of event attributes. A GA approach is used to identify critical contamination events by maximizing risk, and a multi-objective approach explores the trade-off between consequence and occurrence probabilities. Results that are obtained using the sociotechnical approach are compared with results obtained using a conventional engineering model. The sociotechnical approach removes assumptions that have been used in engineering analysis about the static, homogeneous, and stationary behaviors of consumers, and results demonstrate new insight about the impacts of these actions and interactions on the public health consequences of contamination events.
SY30-1SIX YEARS AFTER STOPPING THE PRESCRIPTION OF DISULFIRAM FOR ALCOHOL DEPENDANCE, IS IT STILL POPULAR AMONG CAREGIVERS?

A 2009 survey of the Geneva Division of Addictology healthcare team monitored their perception of the decision in 2007 to stop the prescription of Disulfiram for alcohol dependence. The decision was supported by the lack of evidence based efficacy studies. At that time the majority did not agree with the decision to stop Disulfiram and 75% still believed that Disulfiram was useful for some patients, despite the fact that most of the caregivers acknowledged that aversive treatment works mainly through psychological constraints and that this decision was based on EBM. In 2014 the same slightly modified questionnaire was submitted to the healthcare team to assess if after 6 years of practice changes the results were comparable. An online questionnaire of 15 questions ask the participants about their perception of Disufliram efficacy, the impact of stopping Disulfiram on their clinical practices and the pertinence of the decision. The results of this questionnaire will be discussed in the presentation.
Incidence of anemia in patients diagnosed with solid tumors receiving chemotherapy, 2010-2013.

Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate and characterize the risk of anemia during the course of chemotherapy among patients with five common types of solid tumors.
Developing tendency of electro-optical countering techniques

The developing tendency of the electro-optical countering systems are pointed out,which can practise the countermeasure with the multi-administrative levels to feature gaining the initiative by striking first in place of the passive defence.The current developing trends of the integrative technique and some developing programs of the partial techniques which are in demand on the electro-optical countermeasure are also described.
Identification of Penicillium marneffei in Children and Antifungal Susceptibility of Yeast form of Penicillium marneffei

Objective To identify the Penicillium marneffei(PM) pathogen isolated from the children and determine the antifungal susceptibilities of the yeast form of Penicillium marneffei by E-test method and guide to select suitable antifungal agents for clinic treatment.Methods The blood or bone marrow samples were examined directly and incubated at 25℃ and 37℃,respectively for culturing the fungal pathogens.The growth and colonial morphology of PM was inspected and the characteristics of PM smear were observed under microscope.According to the E-test method NCCLS M27-p document,the MICs of yeast form of the 6 Penicillium marneffei to the 5 antifungel agents(itraconazole,ketoconazole,5-fluorocytosine,fluconazole,amphotericin B) were determined.Results PM is a thermally dimorphic Penicillium.Under 25℃ it is mycelial form.Under 37℃ it is yeast form.The two forms have its typical colonial morphological characteristics.The spore is round or ellipsoidal or sausage-like.And the size is about 2～8 μm.In the Wright's staining,cell wall of PM is violet,distinct and continuous.There are transparent transverses septums in sausage-like spore.The MIC ranges of itraconazole,ketoconazole,5-fluorocytosine,fluconazole,amphotericin B on yeast form were determined as 0.002～0.016 μg/mL,0.012～0.125 μg/mL,0.032～0.380 μg/mL,1.500～6.000 μg/mL and 0.047～2.000 μg/mL,respectively.There were 1 stain resistant to ketoconazole and 5-fluorocytosine and 2 stains resistant to amphotericin B.Conclusion PM's typical colonial morphology and fungal spore in bone marrow and peripheral blood are important features for identification.The pathogen is more susceptibile to itraconazole than to the other 4 antifungal agents.
The effect of common pharmacologic agents on pulmonary antibacterial defenses: implications for the geriatric patient.

SUMMARY Clinical and laboratory observations have raised the possibility that common pharmacologic agents disrupt lung host defense and predispose to bacterial infection of the lower respiratory tract. Epidemiologic data suggest that the potential for an impairment in pulmonary antibacterial mechanisms is greatest among individuals of advanced age. However, lung antimicrobial systems are extremely complex, and patients with pulmonary infections characteristically have a variety of predisposing conditions. Thus, it remains very difficult to assess the relative impact of drug-related derangements on lung antimicrobial systems. Indeed, it is likely that multiple intrinsic and extrinsic factors contribute to the evolution of most bacterial pneumonias. Thus, while medications may not represent major risk factors, they may act in an additive or synergistic manner with other predisposing conditions, such as age-associated changes in immunologic activity and underlying disease, to enhance susceptibility to infectious illnesses of the lung. Clearly, substantial clinical and laboratory study will be required in order to define the role that common pharmacologic agents play in predisposing to bacterial infection of the lower respiratory tract.
Automated manufacturing and processing of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites: An additive review of contemporary and modern techniques for advanced materials manufacturing

Abstract High throughput automated techniques are nowadays playing a key role in polymer composite manufacturing in a number of industries such as automotive and aerospace. There is a need to produce high volume parts efficiently. Automated manufacturing methods such as automated tape layup and automated fiber placement can produce composite parts efficiently, and with the advent of additive manufacturing the complexity of these components are increasing. This paper will review contemporary composite manufacturing methods filament winding, automated tape layup, and automated fiber placement, and the newer automation techniques of robotic pick-and-place and continuous tow shearing. It also addresses recent advances in composite additive manufacturing using vat photopolymerization, binder jetting, material extrusion, sheet lamination and powder bed fusion. Methods, materials and testing results of the manufactured components will be discussed.
A connection between Hadamard matrices, oriented hypergraphs and signed graphs

Abstract Matrices associated to oriented hypergraphs produce a connection between signed graphs and Hadamard matrices. The existence of a family of signed graphs that are switching equivalent to − K n and whose adjacency matrices sum to the zero matrix is shown to be equivalent to the existence of a Hadamard matrix. This equivalent problem is used to make explicit signed graph constructions which specialize to known Hadamard constructions.
Study of the Localized Nature of Top of the Line Corrosion in Sweet Environment

The phenomena of interest in this study are related to the transportation of gas containing condensable liquids and, more precisely, the corrosion issues that occur when significant heat exchange i...
Minimum Time and Energy Control for the Operation Temperature of a Novel Electro-Mechanical Actuator

Abstract In this work we will present modelling and optimal control of a prototype electro-mechanical actuator. The actuator consists of a shape memory alloy which contracts when electrically charged and returns to its original lejngth repetitively. To reduce the power consumption of the device we obtained a dynamical model for the temperature distribution and found the optimal electrical energy which minimizes the weighted cost of energy and time. Simulation results indicated that the minimum energy is 1.2% of the energy spend on previous experiments.
Neurohormonal targets in the treatment of pediatric heart failure

Abstract The history of the clinical approach to heart failure has been notable for a series of evolving conceptual paradigms, each in an effort to explain the clinical syndrome that presents. With the recent emphasis on a neurohormonal model of heart failure, we have seen the development of new therapeutic options that target biologically active molecules to preserve myocardial function. Sacubitril-valsartan, a combined angiotensin-neprilysin inhibitor shows the greatest clinical promise, while there is less evidence to support the use of recombinant relaxin-2 or vasopressin antagonists. This article will review the history of posited mechanisms of heart failure and the impact on treatment, novel therapeutic options with neurohormonal targets, and the challenges of developing therapies for the pediatric heart failure population.
Sensitivity analysis of decision making under dependent uncertainties using copulas

Many important decision and risk analysis problems are complicated by dependencies between input variables. In such cases, standard one-variable-at-a-time sensitivity analysis methods are typically eschewed in favor of fully probabilistic, or n-way, analysis techniques which simultaneously vary all n input variables and capture their interdependencies. Unfortunately, much of the intuition provided by one-way sensitivity analysis may not be available in fully probabilistic methods because it is difficult or impossible to isolate the marginal effects of the individual variables. In this paper, we present a dependence-adjusted approach for identifying and analyzing the impact of the input variables in a model through the use of probabilistic sensitivity analysis based on copulas. This approach provides insights about the influence of the input variables and the dependence relationships between the input variables. One contribution of this approach is that it facilitates assessment of the relative marginal influence of variables for the purpose of determining which variables should be modeled in applications where computational efficiency is a concern, such as in decision tree analysis of large-scale problems. In addition, we also investigate the sensitivity of a model to the magnitude of correlations in the inputs.
Small Hands, Nasty Women, and Bad Hombres: Hegemonic Masculinity and Humor in the 2016 Presidential Election:

Given that the president is thought to be the national representative, presidential campaigns often reflect the efforts to define a national identity and collective values. Political humor provides...
Resolving some therapeutic impasses by disclosing countertransference.

Clinical social workers have been shifting their conceptualization of countertransference from the traditional classical modal of a one-person psychology nearer to a two-person psychology, thereby moving the ideal of the blank screen model to one of participant observation. With a two-person psychology now more in vogue, clinical social workers feel much more inclined to share some of their countertransference responses with their patients. Where there is limited consensus is embodied in the question: “Under what circumstances is countertransference disclosure most helpful to our patients?” This paper is an attempt to demonstrate through case vignettes how countertransference disclosure can resolve certain types of therapeutic impasses.
Odia Hindu Ways of Thinking

This chapter portrays the cultural world of the temple town of Bhubaneswar. It presents indigenous discourse about “the good life,” the good death, and rebirth. It discusses indigenous understandings of various Hindu concepts like mana (mind/heart), bhagya (fate), karma, and lalato lekha (destiny as written on the forehead) and the connections between the last three. In addition, it focuses attention on Hindu definitions of the human body, in particular, the maternal body. It also describes in some detail the dietary and daily practices of the Odia Hindus who live in this neighborhood.
Statistical Graphics in Clinical Oncology

Oncology clinical trials are often complex leading to years of research and generation of vast amounts of data. Statistical graphics play an invaluable role in transforming these multifaceted data into crisp and simplified visuals that assist researchers to quickly and accurately study the results, detect data trends and patterns, and suggest hypotheses. In other words, “Excellence in statistical graphics consists of complex ideas communicated with clarity, precision, and efficiency.” The focus of this chapter is to provide a sampling of useful statistical graphics routinely used in clinical oncology research and their utility in communicating information clearly and more efficiently than solely reviewing tables of numerical output. The graphics presented are commonly used during trial design planning, interim analyses, and final analyses of clinical efficacy data.
Perceptions of the Summer Food Environment in a Rural Appalachian Mississippi Community by Youth (P04-153-19)

To explore the perceptions of the youth regarding the summer food environment in a rural Appalachian Mississippi community using photovoice methodology. A 4-week summer food education program was implemented in an economically-distressed community in a rural Appalachian Mississippi community. The program included STEM education with a food-based curriculum and provision of lunch to youth participating in the summer reading program in a public library. Eleven youth, 13 to 18 years were recruited, and 5 (45%) students completed the study. Participants received an introduction to photovoice, a disposable camera, a log book, a handout of photography tips, and photo release forms. Participants also took part in a focus group to engage in dialogue about the meaning of their pictures and to record their perceptions, opinions, attitudes, and experiences about the local food environment. The naturalized approach was utilized to transcribe the focus group meeting, followed by color coding and assigning pseudonyms. Transcripts were coded using NVivo 11 and analyzed for key themes. Firstly, transcripts were coded independently, then themes were generated using a collaborative approach. Data were analyzed using grounded theory, including the open-coding method (Initial coding), followed by in-vivo coding and focused coding. Analysis of photographs, log books, and focus group data revealed 7 themes related to a healthier summer food environment, including: 1) improved availability of and access to a healthier, affordable food supply; 2) improved availability and access to charitable food organizations; 3) implementation of child feeding programs when school is not in session; 4) development of a community kitchen; 5) improved communication about the food assistance programs; 6) encouragement of home and community gardening; and 7) improved employment opportunities and work ethic. These results present insights by youth into the unique challenges of this community and facilitation of a healthier food environment. Engagement of youth in the development of a summer feeding program is warranted as an initial step to improving the food environment for youth. NIH SEPA; UM Foundation Food and Nutrition Security Support Fund (Donor: Monsanto).
Querying Patients With Cancer About Sexual Health and Sexual and Gender Minority Status: A Qualitative Study of Health-Care Providers.

Background:Although national organizations advocate that health-care providers ask patients about sexual health and sexual and gender minority status—to learn, for example, about side effects of tr...
Resident training experience with robotic assisted transabdominal preperitoneal inguinal hernia repair.

Abstract Background General surgery is the fastest growing field in the adoption of robotic assisted laparoscopic surgery. Here, we present the results of one institution’s experience in training surgical residents in robotic assisted transabdominal preperitoneal inguinal hernia repairs. Methods Data were prospectively collected on patients undergoing robotic assisted laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair with residents. Data points included patient age, gender, complications, hernia difficulty, resident technical competency as measured by GEARS, Zwisch scores, operative time, and the number of robotic console cases reported by residents as primary surgeon. Results Residents who performed >30 robotic cases had significantly higher mean modified GEARS scores (p ≤ .002). Residents who completed 10 or fewer robotic cases achieved significantly lower mean modified GEARS and Zwisch scores than those who completed 11 or more (p Conclusions Resident competency and autonomy improve with increasing total robotic case load. Attending surgeons grant more autonomy to residents with higher competency scores.
White matter pathology is shared across multiple psychiatric brain disorders: Is abnormal diffusivity a transdiagnostic biomarker for psychopathology?

Abstract Background Neuroimaging methods have become important techniques for exploring the neurobiology of neuropsychiatric disorders before and after treatment. Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI), has emerged as a propitious tool for the detection of neurological pathology in a variety of psychiatric syndromes. DTI measures the dispersion of water molecules, giving insight into white matter (WM) integrity. We conducted a selective review of the literature to determine WM pathology across major psychiatric brain disorders, as measured by DTI. Methods An online search was conducted to identify systematic reviews and metaanalysis published from January 2010 to September 2019 that assessed the WM integrity in several neuropsychiatric disorders. We examined the WM pathologies in different brain regions to detect patterns that may be common among those disorders. Results Studies in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, borderline personality, post-traumatic stress disorder, and Alzheimer’s disease all demonstrate decreased diffusivity as measured by fractional anisotropy (FA). Interestingly, pediatric OCD was reported to have an opposite pattern of diffusivity compared to adult OCD, with an increase instead of a decrease. A common location for WM pathology in all disorders was found within the commissural fibers of the corpus callosum (CC). Nonetheless, the heterogeneity of these disorders is highlighted, as patients present with different locations for WM pathology. Conclusions Our selective review suggests that many neuropsychiatric disorders have underlying WM pathology on DTI, specifically a decrease in diffusivity. Measuring WM pathology using DTI is emerging as a useful tool for identifying individuals with various psychopathologies and may lead to early diagnosis and treatment. Finally, the mechanisms by which WM pathology may contributes to the generation of psychiatric signs and symptoms requires further investigation.
Determination of the JP10 + OH → Product Reaction Rate with Measured Fuel Concentrations in Shock Tube Experiments.

The overall reaction rate for JP10+OH→products was measured directly via laser absorption of OH in shock tube experiments from 931-1308 K and 0.94-1.44 atm. The JP10 concentration of test gas mixtu...
Toward a BlackQueerEducator politic and praxis

In this paper, the author argues that Black queer educators have a unique opportunity to point out ways they have been caught in the crosshairs of structural oppression. In light of this, the autho...
Predictors of the need for tracheostomy in the neonatal intensive care unit

Abstract Objectives Many infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) require prolonged periods of respiratory support. Microlaryngoscopy and bronchoscopy (MLB) is performed to evaluate for airway pathology and facilitate decision-making regarding further airway interventions or tracheostomy. The objectives of this study are to describe the operative findings of MLB performed on infants in the NICU and determine which pre-operative characteristics or operative findings are predictive of the need for tracheostomy. Methods The medical records of preterm inpatients in the NICU at a single tertiary care hospital who underwent MLB between January 1, 2013 and January 7, 2016 were reviewed. Baseline and demographic characteristics and intra-operative findings were compared between patients who underwent tracheostomy and those who were successfully weaned from respiratory support. Results Seventy-three preterm patients underwent MLB for respiratory failure, of whom 41 (56.2%) underwent tracheostomy. Patients who underwent tracheostomy had lower mean gestational age (27.4 vs. 30.5 weeks), higher prevalence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (73.2% vs. 37.5%), lower mean birth weight (1.1 kg vs. 1.6 kg), and a greater number of extubation events (5.2 vs. 3.0) than those who weaned from respiratory support. Abnormal MLB findings were common in both groups, though no single MLB finding differed significantly between groups. Conclusions Preterm infants in the NICU with gestational age ≤30 weeks, birth weight
Abstract A46: A novel patient-derived approach for preclinical evaluation of predictive imaging biomarkers in early lung cancer

Background: Lung cancer is the number one cause of cancer-related death, and lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most frequent type. Lung screening with computed tomography has allowed detection of early nodules that need diagnostic definition. We have identified the sodium-dependent glucose transporter 2 (SGLT2) as a novel diagnostic and therapeutic target that may aid the identification and the treatment of early LUAD. However, a limitation of these studies is the lack of experimental models of early cancer. Patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) are a reliable tool of translational oncology. However, the establishment of PDXs from early-stage, low-grade LUAD is characterized by low efficiency and extremely long experimental times. To study the predictive value of SGLT2 activity in early LUAD, we have established an alternative model based on a double culture system: 1) implantation of tumor tissue on the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of the chicken egg (in ovo system), which can be imaged only 1 week after the patient surgery; 2) growth of tumor spheroids in 3D in vitro culture, to test response to treatments. Methods: Each PDX of LUAD is divided in two specimens: one for in ovo growth in the CAM assay and one for the 3D culture as tumor spheroids. The CAM xenografts are imaged with two different tracers to characterize glucose uptake: [18F] fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG), to measure GLUT activity, and 4-[18F] fluorodeoxyglucose (Me4FDG), to assess sodium-dependent glucose transport (SGLT). The PD-tumor spheroids are cultured in 96-well plates and used for treatment with SGLT2 inhibitors as well as other drugs. Results: PET imaging of LUADs with FDG and Me4FDG revealed the presence of both glucose transporters, GLUT1 and SGLT2. Treatment of the tumor spheroids with SGLT2 inhibitors reduced cell viability and caused integrity loss in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion: The CAM xenograft model is a useful model for implanting PD tumor fragments and studying glucose metabolism in ovo by PET imaging with very short experimental times. Tumor fragments connect to the chicken embryo vasculature within 3-5 days, so that PD material can be analyzed soon after surgery. The Me4FDG uptake in the CAM system predicts the treatment response of tumor spheroids cultured in vitro from the same PD samples. Citation Format: Eva J. Koziolek, Desiree Martin, Jie Liu, Jorge R. Barrio, W. Dean Wallace, David B. Shackelford, Jane Yanagawa, Steven Dubinett, Claudio Scafoglio. A novel patient-derived approach for preclinical evaluation of predictive imaging biomarkers in early lung cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on the Evolving Landscape of Cancer Modeling; 2020 Mar 2-5; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(11 Suppl):Abstract nr A46.
Advocacy and Social Justice Within and On Behalf of the LGBTGEQIAP + Community

The American Counseling Association’s ACA Code of Ethics (2014) makes clear that advocacy and social justice are to be integral elements of practice for professional counselors. LGBTGEQIAP + people...
Opportunities for Single-Cell Sequencing Technologies and Data Science

This Special Issue on "Single-cell Data Science" aims to highlight recent advances in the area of single-cell sequencing technologies and data analytics [...].
COVID-19: A novel mask design to protect health care workers and prevent aerosolization from patients

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic dramatically impacted the health care system. It necessitated extensive use ofpersonal protective equipment (PPE) by health care workers which rapidly became in short supply. We previously describeda novel negative airway pressure respirator and a cadaveric model to evaluate the escape of aerosolized particles. We nowpresent a novel personal protective mask that can be made out of components readily available at most hospitals in timesof shortage. Methods: A prototype mask (N-99) was designed by connecting an in-line anesthesia circuit HEPA N-99 filter to a standardAmbu mask. The mask is fixed to the user's face using adjustable rubber straps. To demonstrate the protective efficacy, themask was fit tested on 10 healthy participants using standard sugar hood technique ([ Fig. 1 ]). Our recently publishedcadaveric model was used to assess the escape of particles from the novel mask. Our model utilizes white colored smoke tosimulate the SARS-CoV-2 virus and a high-definition camera to capture the smoke particles on a black background. The N-99 mask, with and without the filter, was compared with no mask, a standard surgical mask, and a commercially availableN-95 mask. Results: The hood fit test was successful in every volunteer demonstrating good fit and protection. All the participants alsodescribed the N-99 mask as more comfortable, than a traditional N-95. The cadaveric model revealed that the novel N-99mask was able to block 98% ([ Fig. 2 ]) of the particles whereas the other masks were less effective ([ Fig. 3 ]). Discussion: We present a novel N-99 mask made with readily available hospital supplies. Based upon our cadaveric model,the N-99 mask seems more effective at filtering submicron particles better than a standard N-95 mask. The N-99 maskcould also be applied to a patient suspected of being infected to prevent virus spreading while other measures are put inplace. Future directions include refining the design to further increase the comfort and adapt the filter to our previouslydescribed NAPR mask.
Author response for Cold War Assemblages: decolonisation to digital roundtable

As I read the rigorous and thought-provoking reviews of my book from Bhekizizwe Peterson, Uhuru Phalafala, Christopher Ouma, and Grace A. Musila, I find myself fixated on certain phrases and terms ...
Proteomic Pattern Analysis Using Neural Networks

Protein profiling of biologic samples by techniques such as surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization (SELDI) or matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) yields massive amounts of data that require use of automated techniques to detect expression patterns. This paper suggests a neural network based classification and clustering technique for the analysis of proteomic data on serum samples collected from human subjects exposed to diesel exhaust fumes (DEF). Data were collected on samples from 93 subjects exposed to DEF. Proteomic patterns were analyzed using Neuralware Predict software obtained from Neuralware Inc. The cascade correlation algorithm was used as the classification algorithm and self-organizing maps (SOM) was used as the clustering algorithm. The protein peaks were identified using the Ciphergen Software. The most discriminating peaks were identified by applying a student t-test and using the p-value as the criterion for discrimination. The classification and clustering algorithms were applied to the two data sets. The use of a neural network program for analysis of proteomic patterns from serum samples obtained from human subjects exposed to DEF or not exposed to DEF showed excellent discrimination. Such an approach has potential to play an important role in determining deleterious effects of occupational exposures and discovery of biomarkers.
Technology Fountainheads: The Management Challenge of R&D Consortia

Sematech's success consortium foundation - the influence of vision, mission and leadership the politics of R&D planning consortium strategy technology transfer as marketing R&D consortia in Japan and Europe in theory.
Carrier Detection of Urea Cycle Disorders

Published reports100,102,108 indicate that the degree of success attained in the treatment of infants with urea cycle disorders has not been completely satisfactory. Some new approaches in dietary management, using a combination of arginine, benzoate, and phenylacetate may be useful,67,72,76 but more studies are required. In many instances, clinical problems reflect delays in biochemical diagnosis. Families at risk need to be identified and the genotype of the fetus should be established as soon as feasible after conception, so that appropriate management can be provided during pregnancy and after delivery. Availability of effective methods for carrier detection is a critical component of this process. With any metabolic disorder, a number of factors should be considered for carrier detection. These include: (1) frequency of occurrence of affected patients in the available population, (2) mode of inheritance, (3) cost-benefit ratio, (4) soundness of the methodology used, and (5) feasibility of prenatal diagnosis. Interestingly, the Tay-Sachs prevention program with the major objective of carrier identification is the only accepted program that has been widely discussed and evaluated.109 The frequency of occurrence of each of the five urea cycle enzyme disorders is uncertain, but ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC) deficiency, the only sex-linked disorder, is considered to be the most common. Not only the hemizygotes, but also many of the heterozygotes of OTC deficiency are clinically affected. The frequency of argininosuccinic aciduria has been estimated to be 1 in 60,000, based on results of a newborn screening program carried out in Massachusetts.110 Carrier identification of urea cycle disorders in the general population is not practical because of cost considerations, but it should be applied to members of affected families.
Counseling Adult Women Survivors of Childhood Sexual Abuse: Benefits of a Wellness Approach

Adult women survivors of childhood sexual abuse may face numerous lifelong challenges. Recommended therapeutic interventions for survivors assume that the process of reliving and exploring the abuse experience leads to psychological healing. Yet such therapeutic approaches may be traumatizing for both client and counselor and seem to be somewhat limited in affecting change in the numerous areas of concern of many survivors. Strength-based wellness counseling interventions may help survivors develop coping skills to enhance both overall quality of life and everyday functioning across multiple domains, while also providing a healthy foundation from which to explore and reframe their abuse experiences. A case example demonstrates this approach.
Probing Europa's third dimension

Jupiter9s moons are heated by tidal forces induced by its huge gravitational field. The results can be spectacular, as with Io9s highly active volcanic behavior. Europa, a moon farther away and heated less, may support a water ocean larger than those on Earth. In his Perspective, Chapman discusses recent efforts to understand Europa9s surface by studying the impact craters that have been observed there. The appearance of many craters could be explained if the surface ice layer were 10 to 15 kilometers thick, according to recent computer simulations.
Group Recommendation System for Facebook

Online social networking has become a part of our everyday lives, and one of the popular online social network (SN) sites on the Internet is Facebook, where users communicate with their friends, join to groups, create groups, play games, and make friends around the world. Also, the vast number of groups are created for different causes and beliefs. However, overwhelming number of groups in one category causes difficulties for users to select a right group to join. To solve this problem, we introduce group recommendation system (GRS) using combination of hierarchical clustering technique and decision tree. We believe that Facebook SN groups can be identified based on their members' profiles. Number of experiment results showed that GRS can make 73% accurate recommendation.
Location of the gene for theta antigen in the mouse III. The position of Thy-1 relative to Lap-1 and Mpi-1

The position of the Thy-1 (theta cell surface antigen) locus on chromosome 9 of the mouse was determined relative to the biochemical markers Lap-1 (leucine arylaminopeptidase) and Mpi-1 (mannosephosphate isomerase). Four-point backcrosses using both male and female heterozygotes showed that the order of these loci is Lap-1--Thy-1--Mpi-1. By observing the segregation of alleles at the Mod-1 (cytoplasmic malic enzyme) locus, which is known to lie distal to these three markers, it was possible to show that Lap-1 is at the centromeric end of this gene group. The overall map for this portion of chromosome 9 as determined by these crosses is: Lap-1--5--Thy-1--7--Mpi-1--14--Mod-1.
Pseudoplatelets in acute myeloid leukemia.

![Figure][1] A 19-year-old man presented with fever and gum pain for 2 weeks. Physical examination revealed pallor, gingival hyperplasia, and cervical and axillary lymphadenopathy. Automated blood count demonstrated 115 × 103/mm3 white blood cells, 10.7 g/dL of hemoglobin, hematocrit 31.5%,
THE EFFECTS OF SEVERAL ALCOHOLS ON THE PROPERTIES OF THE SQUID GIANT AXON.

The effects of several alcohols on the resting potential, action potential, and voltage-clamp currents of the squid giant axon have been measured. All the alcohols employed are similar in that they depress maximum sodium conductance much more than maximum potassium conductance. Octyl alcohol differs from the others (C2 through C5) in that it has less tendency to depolarize the axon. Depolarization is always accompanied by a decrease of gK near the resting potential, such that the ratio gK/gleak is decreased. Steady-state inactivation of the sodium ion current is unaffected by alcohols, as is membrane capacity. Resting membrane conductance is usually decreased by alcohols. The findings are discussed in relation to work on monomolecular films.
Design rules for improving predictability of on-chip antenna characteristics in the presence of other metal structures

The impact of on-chip metal interference structures, such as a power grid, local clock trees and data lines, on on-chip antenna performance has been investigated. A power grid significantly changes the input impedance and the phase of S/sub 12/ for an antenna pair, and reduces |S/sub 12/|. However, the addition of extra metal structures in the presence of a power grid has a much attenuated impact on the antenna characteristics. The reduction in |S/sub 12/| can be traded for increased predictability of antenna performance. Exploiting this observation, a set of design rules for increasing the predictability of on-chip antenna characteristics is proposed.
The Land of Prehistory: A Critical History of American Archaeology

The Land of Prehistory:. Critical History of American Archaeology. Alice Beck Kehoe. New York: Routledge, 1998. 288 pp.