cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Antenna temperature for a scanning microwave radiometer

Expressions for the antenna temperature are derived for a scanning Earth-viewing satellite-borne microwave radiometer. The result is in the form of an integral that includes the antenna gain function and brightness temperature. A composite emissivity term appears in the brightness temperature equation that contains the horizontal and vertical components of surface emissivity weighted by their respective antenna gains. Analysis is performed to obtain the antenna temperature components corresponding to the emission of horizontally and vertically polarized radiation. Calculations are performed showing the effects of beam width and scan angle on the two components of antenna temperature for a linearly polarized antenna. Effects resulting from antenna cross polarization are also analyzed.
The impact of Mt Mazama tephra deposition on forest vegetation in the Central Cascades, Oregon, USA

The eruption of Mt Mazama, c. 7630 yr BP, was the largest North American volcanic event during the Holocene. High-resolution pollen and charcoal analyses were used to examine the impact of Mt Mazama tephra on forest vegetation and possible synergistic interactions with fire activity in the Central Oregon Cascade Range. We selected four small watersheds on a longitudinal transect north of Mt Mazama and recovered lake sediment that spanned the period of tephra deposition. Our sediment records had between 14 and 50 cm of tephra deposited, and we analyzed the sediment at centimeter resolution before and after the deposition horizon in each sediment record. Our analysis shows that nonarboreal pollen percentages and accumulation rates were depressed after Mazama tephra deposition. Recovery to pre-tephra deposition rates occurred after approximately 50–100 years. Arboreal pollen percentage and accumulation rates were less severely impacted, suggesting that the Mazama tephra deposition disrupted understory communities more significantly than overstory species, and that forest communities returned to their pre-tephra-deposition conditions after approximately 50–100 years. Fire events in conjunction with the Mazama tephra occurred in two of the four sites, suggesting that tephra deposition did not create conditions that precipitated a fire event in a consistent way. This research reinforces the notion that disturbance events may have cumulative effects on forest vegetation, but that the impacts of disturbance events need to be felt by similar constituents of the forest ecosystem to be truly additive.
How Learning Styles Impact E-Learning: A Case Comparative Study of Undergraduate Students Who Excelled, Passed, or Failed an Online Course in Scientific/Technical Writing.

Online classes appear increasingly popular, making it critical in each discipline to study the advantages and disadvantages of learning online. Following up on anecdotal impressions that scientific/technical writing students appeared to do either better or worse in an online course than an offline equivalent (unpublished data), it was decided to study the impact of learning style and experience in using the Internet on grades. The 60 students who participated in an online course on scientific/technical writing were emailed post-course evaluations which included questions on learning styles. Of these, 37 (62%) returned the evaluations, revealing a clear and significant pattern of results. While the groups did not differ in hours spent studying online, or in total hours spent online, students who excelled in online learning reported spending significantly more hours per week online for work, and less hours online contacting families/friends than students who passed or students who failed. Students who excel...
Chemotherapy for Thyroid Cancer

Chemotherapy has been used as a single modality treatment or as part of combined modality therapy in metastatic or locally advanced thyroid cancer when other conventional treatments (e.g., surgery and radiation therapy) have failed. Cytotoxic chemotherapy is predominantly employed in anaplastic carcinomas and may be used in the 20% of differentiated (papillary, follicular, and mixed) thyroid carcinomas that do not concentrate iodine. Although chemotherapy may induce a tumor response and provide palliation of troublesome symptoms, no established evidence shows it prolongs survival. Numerous reports on the use of chemotherapy in a variety of thyroid cancers have been published, but only a few controlled clinical trials compare the efficacy of different drug regimens. Generally, the response to chemotherapy is modest, but some investigators have stated that patients who respond to the first chemotherapeutic agent are more likely to respond to a second agent when relapse occurs (1).
Continuum Plasticity in Relation to Microscale Deformation Mechanisms

In principle, constitutive laws for continuum plasticity are derivable from quantitative descriptions of deformation mechanisms, such as dislocation motion, operative on the microscale. The present paper reviews progress on rigorous approaches to this micro-macro transition problem. First, a general thermodynamic framework is established by which the macroscopic plastic strain tensor is related to corresponding structural rearrangements, such as slip, taking place locally on the microscale of a heterogeneous sample of material (e.g., a polycrystal).
High arsenic (As) concentrations in the shallow groundwaters of southern Louisiana: Evidence of microbial controls on As mobilization from sediments

Abstract Study region The Mississippi Delta in southern Louisiana, United States. Study focus The probable role that microbial respiration plays in As release from the shallow aquifer sediments. New hydrological insights for the region Shallow groundwaters in southern Louisiana have been reported to contain elevated As concentrations, whereas mechanisms responsible for As release from sediments have rarely been studied in this region. Microbial respiration is generally considered the main mechanism controlling As release in reducing anoxic aquifers such as the shallow aquifers in southern Louisiana and those of the Bengal basin. This study investigates the role microbial respiration plays in As release from shallow aquifer sediments in southern Louisiana through sediment incubation experiments and porewater analysis. Arsenic concentrations were the lowest in the sterilized control experiments, slightly higher in the un-amended experiments, and the highest in the experiments amended with acetate, and especially those amended with both acetate and AQDS (9,10-anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonic acid). Although Fe and Mn generally decreased at the beginning of all the experiments, they did follow a similar trend to As after the decrease. Porewater analysis showed that As and Fe concentrations were generally positively correlated and were higher in the coarse-grained sediments than in the fine-grained sediments. Results of the investigation are consistent with microbial respiration playing a key role in As release from the shallow aquifers sediments in southern Louisiana.