cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Phase 2 trial of the topoisomerase II inhibitor, amrubicin, as second-line therapy in patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma.

The purpose of this investigator-initiated multicenter phase II study was to determine the activity of the third-generation synthetic anthracycline, amrubicin, administered as second-line therapy in patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma. Patients with progressive metastatic urothelial cancer despite first-line chemotherapy were eligible for enrollment. Amrubicin was initially administered at a dose of 40 mg/m2/day daily × 3 every 21 days, and the dose was subsequently reduced to 35 mg/m2/day daily × 3 every 21 days. Prophylactic granulocyte colony-stimulating factor was administered to all patients, and prophylactic antibiotics were administered to patients at high risk of febrile neutropenia. Treatment was administered for up to six cycles in the absence of intolerable toxicity or disease progression. The primary endpoint was the objective response rate. A total of 22 patients were enrolled. Among the first three patients enrolled, all developed grade 4 neutropenia and one patient died of neutropenic sepsis. The starting dose of amrubicin was subsequently reduced, there were no further episodes of febrile neutropenia, and only one patient required a subsequent dose reduction. The most common adverse events were hematologic; grade ≥3 neutropenia occurred in 27 %, and other grade ≥3 adverse events were uncommon. Partial responses were achieved in three patients [13.6, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 0–28 %), while stable disease was the best response in 12 patients (54.5, 95 % CI 33.7–75.3 %). The trial was closed prematurely due to a development decision by the funder. Amrubicin as second-line therapy in advanced urothelial carcinoma is associated with modest single-agent activity. While there remains a role for the introduction of novel cytotoxic agents in the management of metastatic urothelial cancer, optimal development of such therapies will likely require patient selection biomarkers.
Input current shaping and regulation of multiple outputs in a single isolated converter

Input current shaping and wide bandwidth regulation of multiple outputs is demonstrated in a single power stage. These isolated capacitive idling converters, when operated in discontinuous inductor current mode (DICM) on the primary side, perform the input current shaping automatically, i.e. without the input current feedback loop. Consequently, the high power factor performance is obtained without any penalty in complexity, cost and efficiency of the converter. Moreover, due to the internal energy storage and presence of one secondary-side active switch for each output, the capacitive idling converters provide full regulation and short-circuit protection of all outputs, and eliminate the need to cross isolation barrier in the feedback path. >
Sexual Behavior in Male Rats After Radiofrequency or Dopamine-Depleting Lesions in Nucleus Accumbens

Considerable neurochemical evidence links dopamine (DA) in nucleus accumbens (NAcc) to male sexual behavior. The present experiments were conducted to extend this information to the male's sexual response to remote stimuli from estrous female (noncontact erection; NCE). Male rats were tested for copulation and NCE after either 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) or radiofrequency (RF) lesions in NAcc). Males with an average 78% depletion of DA in NAcc had a lower incidence of NCE, longer latency to display NCE, and fewer erections. DA-depleted males also had less locomotor activity after injections of d-amphetamine, and reductions in apomorphine-induced yawning, but a normal incidence of penile erection. Males with RF lesions of the NAcc had longer NCE latencies. All males copulated to ejaculation after either 6-OHDA or RF lesions with little or no deficit, although the 6-OHDA-treated males had longer intromission latencies. The NCE deficit supports the hypothesized role of NAcc DA in arousal processes in responding to remote cues from estrous females. The minimal effect of lesions on copulation suggests that the presence of additional proximal stimulation during copulation may overcome the deficits induced by DA depletions or lesions in NAcc.
Differentiation in human chorionic villus cultures: hCG and hla expression

The present report describes methods to separate, culture, and study syncytio-cytotrophoblast and mesenchymal core of the first-trimester human chorionic villus. The cultured outer layer cells (syncytio-cytotrophoblast) are multinucleated, pleomorphic, and active in the formation of human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG). The mesenchymal core cells are more fibroblast-like in appearance, do not show multinucleation, and have less hCG in their culture media. Both cultured cell types express HLA (ABC) Class I histocompatibility antigens but not HLA (DR) Class II antigens. These and previous studies from this laboratory postulate different embryonic origins: (1) Syncytio-cytotrophoblast cultures of chorionic villus derive from differentiated trophoblast and preserve multinucleation as well as hCG hormone function. (2) Cells cultured from the chorionic villus core originate from extraembryonic mesenchyme. (3) Amniocytes (AF cells) cultured from amniotic fluid resemble the multipotential and early-stage trophoblast, retaining pleomorphism, multinucleation, and lacunae formation as well as production of hCG, progesterone, oestrogen, basement membrane glycoprotein, and Type IV collagen. These cell types cultured from the chorionic villus and amniotic fluid provide a means for in vitro study of specific embryonic cell lineages.
Downregulation of K+ Channel Genes Expression in Type I Diabetic Cardiomyopathy

Type I diabetic cardiomyopathy has consistently been shown to be associated with decrease of repolarising K(+) currents, but the mechanisms responsible for the decrease are not well defined. We investigated the streptozotocin (STZ) rat model of type I diabetes. We utilized RNase protection assay and Western blot analysis to investigate the message expression and protein density of key cardiac K(+) channel genes in the diabetic rat left ventricular (LV) myocytes. Our results show that message and protein density of Kv2.1, Kv4.2, and Kv4.3 are significantly decreased as early as 14 days following induction of type I diabetes in the rat. The results demonstrate, for the first time, that insulin-deficient type I diabetes is associated with early downregulation of the expression of key cardiac K(+) channel genes that could account for the depression of cardiac K(+) currents, I(to-f) and I(to-s). These represent the main electrophysiological abnormality in diabetic cardiomyopathy and is known to enhance the arrhythmogenecity of the diabetic heart. The findings also extend the extensive list of gene expression regulation by insulin.
Pressure broadening and shift in the millimeter-wave spectrum of formaldehyde

Abstract Helium, hydrogen, and self-broadening have been measured at room temperature for 12 lines of formaldehyde between 100 and 300 GHz. The self-broadening parameters ranged from 20 to 30 MHz/Torr, with typical accuracies of 0.5–0.8 MHz/Torr. For all measured lines the helium and hydrogen broadening parameters were 2.5 and 5.5 MHz/Torr, respectively, to within the experimental accuracy, typically 0.25 MHz/Torr. Pressure shifts of up to 2.5 MHz/Torr were observed in self-broadening, with estimated errors of 0.25–0.50 MHz/Torr. No significant lineshifts were seen in the foreign gas broadening measurements. The observed widths and shifts are compared with those calculated from three models of molecular collisions: Anderson's pressure broadening theory, a similar semiclassical theory of Rabitz and Gordon, and a hard-sphere, sudden approximation model of Thaddeus.
Spectral properties of exact random solutions to Burgers' equation for modified Thomas initial conditions

Abstract Random sawtooth Thomas [1] initial conditions can be specified on a fixed spatial mesh d or on a random one d n (with average mesh spacing 〈 d n 〉) termed modified Thomas initial conditions. Beyond the white-noise band common to both at small wave number k , the energy spectrum K(k, 0) for the modified Thomas has a smooth transition from a k −4 to a k −2 asymptote, whereas Thomas has pronounced ringing. For modified Thomas conditions, there is (i) a narrow band (small k ) white-noise spectrum E(k, t) = E 0 like that for Thomas conditions, (ii) a k −2 subrange of increasing bandwidth with increasing initial turbulence Reynolds' number Re0, and (iii) an exponential viscous cutoff at high wave numbers which decays more rapidly with decreasing Re0. The small time spectral transfer, T(k, t) , for modified Thomas conditions does not have a spike at k = 2π/〈d n 〉 , whereas it does for Thomas ones at k = 2π/d . The evolution of the energy and dissipation spectra and transfer and cumulative transfer spectra for modified Thomas conditions is otherwise similar in form to that for Thomas conditions for t > 1 .
Teacher perceptions about observation conferences: what do teachers think about their formative supervision in one US school district?

This study measured teachers' perceptions about the important elements of the pre- and post-observation conferences within one school district in a US state. Overall, respondents valued the post-observation conference more than the pre-observation conference and identified trusting relationships, constructive feedback, reflection and areas of improvement as important principal responsibilities. Teachers valued discussions about how students would be assessed in the pre-observation conference. In the post-observation conference, respondents perceived constructive feedback delivered by principals as most important. Initial contract teachers believed seven variables influenced their reflection on practice. Yet tenured teachers perceived two variables as influential on their reflection on practice.
Reflections on a Half-Century of Thinking in Science Education and Research: Implications from a Twelve-Year Longitudinal Study of Children’s Learning

Abstract In the past three decades, there have been enormous advances in our understanding of the nature of knowledge and the processes by which humans construct new knowledge. There is now general agreement that knowledge is a human creation, where new ideas are constructed by creative people on the basis of their existing concepts and theories and of a search for new patterns or regularities in events or objects they observe. The constructed nature of knowledge means also that knowledge in every domain continues to evolve over time. We see concepts as the fundamental building blocks of knowledge, and we define concepts as perceived regularities or patterns in events or objects, or records of events or objects, designated by a label, usually a word. There have been even greater advances in our understanding of human learning in the past three decades. These advances have focused on the importance of learners’ prior knowledge for the acquisition of new knowledge and on the need to sequence instruction to ...
Optical Computer Architectures: The Application of Optical Concepts to Next Generation Computers

BACKGROUND FOR OPTICAL COMPUTING. Basic Concepts in Optics. Fourier Optics. Devices for Opto-Electronic Interface. Optically Addressable Spatial Light Modulators. SUBSYSTEMS FOR OPTICAL COMPUTING. Optical Interconnections. Optical Memory. Optical Logic. Optical Logic Circuits. Optical Arithmetic Computation. Optical Matrix Computation. Algorithms for Numerical Computation. ARCHITECTURAL MODELS OF COMPUTATION. Optical Sequential Machines. Optical Dataflow Computers. Optical Cellular Automata. Optical Linear Neural Networks. Optical Nonlinear Neural Networks. Optical Autoassociative and Self Organizing Networks. Appendix. Bibliography. Index.
Pilot based channel estimation and transform domain analysis in broadband PLC for Smart Grid

In this work, we investigate pilot based channel estimation for broadband (BB) power line communications (PLC). First, we explore incline-type pilot arrangement compared to block-type and comb-type arrangements to reduce interpolation error. We utilize least squares (LS) and linear minimum mean square error (LMMSE) estimators with linear or cubic interpolation to evaluate the performance of different pilot arrangements. Next, we propose a transform domain (TD) approach to cope with the changes in the channel estimates in the presence of power line impulsive noise. We demonstrate that the effect of a change in the channel response and impulsive noise are different in the TD. Our results indicate that incline-type pilot arrangement can be useful to reduce interpolation error for BB PLC channels, and the TD approach can help clearly identify the changes in the channel estimates due to changes in the channel response or the power line impulsive noise.
Unsteady wave structure near separation in a Mach 5 compression rampinteraction

Fluctuating wall-pressure measurements have been made under the unsteady separation shock and the separated shear layer in a Mach 5 compression ramp-induced turbulent interaction. The freestream unit Reynolds number was 49.6x10 6 m -1 and the turbulent boundary layer developed on the tunnel floor under approximately adiabatic wall-temperature conditions. Conditional sampling and «variable-window» ensemble-averaging techniques have been used to determine ensemble-averaged pressure distributions for different separation shock-wave positions.
Goodness of Fit Tests for Proportional Hazards Regression Models

We present a test of goodness of fit for the proportional hazard regression model. The test is based on a score statistic for testing against local mixture alternatives. Contrary to the findings of several other authors, we detect a significant lack of fit in Freireich's leukemia data.
THE ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION OF HYDROGEN AND CARBON IN THE CARBONACEOUS CHONDRITES

Abstract A number of carbonaceous chondrites have been analyzed for hydrogen and carbon content and for the isotopic composition of these elements. Two types of these meteorites are found, the one containing about 10% of water and 2% of carbon and the other about 1% of water and 0.3–0.8% of carbon. The isotopic compositions of these elements in both groups are not much different from terrestrial sources. Four stones show a deuterium content definitely outside the range of terrestrial values; this fact and a series of experiments showed that the extracted hydrogen was truly meteoritic. Thus for the first time an experimental value for the isotopic composition of the hydrogen of an extraterrestrial material has been obtained. It appears that no large isotopic fractionation of the hydrogen isotopes has occurred in the planetary system; therefore, the terrestrial deuterium abundance is probably well representative of the primeval cosmic abundance. Three groups of chondrites are apparent on the basis of carbon results; they correspond to progressively higher values for total carbon and C13 content. The results are discussed in the light of present theories on the formation of the planetary system and on the origin of meteorites.
Fouling of ultrafiltration membranes: lateral migration and the particle trajectory model

Abstract Lateral migration theory is used both to explain the “flux-paradox” problem for colloidal suspensions and as part of the standard filtration theory for calculating permeation flux as a function of time. Particle trajectory analysis is used to model the physics of colloidal fouling in tangential flow ultrafiltration. A method is also suggested on how to incorporate trajectory analysis into the standard filtration theory. The theoretical results are compared with experiments from the literature and from the authors' laboratory.
Infrared behavior of the Reggeon field theory for the Pomeron

The infrared structure of Reggeon field theory is investigated using renormalization-group methods. The infrared fixed point where only the ${\ensuremath{\phi}}^{3}$ interaction is nontrivial is shown to be stable with respect to all higher-order interactions within the context of perturbation theory both at $D=2$ and in the $\ensuremath{\epsilon}$ expansion. This may imply that the asymptotic behavior of the total cross section is model independent.
For Liberty and Equality: The Life and Times of the Declaration of Independence

This book examines the Declaration of Independence as the ideological foundation of the United States from the document's drafting in 1776 through the civil rights era of the 1960s. According to Ts...
Protein–Protein Docking with Backbone Flexibility

Computational protein-protein docking methods currently can create models with atomic accuracy for protein complexes provided that the conformational changes upon association are restricted to the side chains. However, it remains very challenging to account for backbone conformational changes during docking, and most current methods inherently keep monomer backbones rigid for algorithmic simplicity and computational efficiency. Here we present a reformulation of the Rosetta docking method that incorporates explicit backbone flexibility in protein-protein docking. The new method is based on a "fold-tree" representation of the molecular system, which seamlessly integrates internal torsional degrees of freedom and rigid-body degrees of freedom. Problems with internal flexible regions ranging from one or more loops or hinge regions to all of one or both partners can be readily treated using appropriately constructed fold trees. The explicit treatment of backbone flexibility improves both sampling in the vicinity of the native docked conformation and the energetic discrimination between near-native and incorrect models.
Leftward ribosome frameshifting at a hungry codon.

Abstract Previous experiments have shown that limitation for certain aminoacyl-tRNA species results in phenotypic suppression of a subset of frameshift mutant alleles, including members in both the (+) and (−) incorrect reading frames. Here, we demonstrate that such phenotypic suppression can occur through a ribosome reading frame shift at a hungry AAG codon calling for lysyl-tRNA in short supply. Direct amino acid sequence analysis of the product and DNA sequence manipulation of the gene demonstrate that the ribosome frameshift occurs through a movement of one base to the left, so as to decode the triplet overlapping the hungry codon from the left or 5′ side, followed by continued normal translation in the new, shifted reading frame.
EXTRUSION OF NUCLEOLI FROM PRONUCLEI OF THE RAT

Electron microscope observations of osmium tetroxide-fixed rat eggs indicate that small nucleoli are extruded from pronuclei in a sharply demarcated time period after sperm penetration. Approximately 4½ hours after sperm penetration, fine fibrous material aggregated in distinct loci along the inner surface of the nuclear envelope and condensed into small, dense bodies. The term tertiary nucleolus or extrusion body is used to designate the forming bodies. The small tertiary nucleoli form distinct protrusions from the pronuclei during the following developmental period and finally bud off into the cytoplasm, carrying with them a small portion of the double nuclear envelope. The extrusion bodies can be observed only in the vicinity of the pronuclei and have not been seen near the cell membrane. The fate of the tertiary nucleoli is not known; apparently they transform or disappear after they have passed into the cytoplasm. Eleven hours after sperm penetration, tertiary nucleoli are not present near the nuclear membrane and the extrusion activity has apparently ceased. Large and small nucleoli react similarly to cytochemical reagents: they are Feulgen negative; they are positive to the Millon, Sakaguchi, brom-phenol blue, and PAS reactions. Azure B stain combined with nuclease extraction indicates the presence of small amounts of RNA in the nucleoli.
The art and science of transmyocardial laser revascularization.

If Jackson Pollack is the artist, then the recent study in JACC by Saririan and Eisenberg on myocardial laser revascularization is indeed state of the art. The investigators [(1)][1]are to be commended for attempting to clarify the work that has been done with this technique, but unfortunately the
Impacts of exotic spider spillover on resident arthropod communities in a natural habitat

1. The spillover of exotic predators from managed ecosystems into natural habitats may exacerbate the biodiversity losses caused by land-use intensification. 2. In the present study, the impacts of the exotic wandering spider Cheiracanthium mildei L. Koch in an oak woodland ecosystem adjacent to an intensively-managed agricultural system were examined. 3. Abundance and species richness of resident spiders and insects in oak branches were reduced in the presence of C. mildei. Contrary to expectations, C. mildei did not disproportionately affect other wandering spider species, but appeared to impact spiders from all tested functional groups. Numbers of herbivorous and predatory insects were also lower in the presence of C. mildei. 4. Although the apparent effects of this spider extend to multiple trophic levels in oak woodland, its voracity and relatively large size may ultimately strengthen herbivore suppression in the vineyard–oak woodland landscape.
Lead poisoning and brain cell function.

Exposure to excessive amounts of inorganic lead during the toddler years may produce lasting adverse effects upon brain function. Maximal ingestion of lead occurs at an age when major changes are o...
An extension of Bale's labor displacement cost estimates

Abstract Bale (1976) failed to extend his labor displacement cost estimates to the more interesting question of whether these costs outweigh gains from trade liberalization. This note addresses that question by applying Bale's estimates to Magee's (1972) study of the welfare effects of U.S. trade restrictions. Our results indicate that gains far outweigh costs of tariff removal on imports directly competing with U.S. production.
East meets east: foreign relations between India and Poland during the Cold War

This article discusses the objectives, influences, interests and outcomes of foreign relations between India and Poland from the time when India gained independence in 1947 up until the collapse of communism in Eastern Europe in 1989. While Indo–Polish interactions and conversations can be traced back to a distant past, the actual contours of their official relationship were determined by the omnipresent communist ideology in Eastern Europe, India’s non-alignment and the complexities and intricacies of foreign relations between India, America and the Soviet Union during the Cold War. Extensive research with voluminous publications already exist and inform on the various issues related to communism in Eastern Europe, India’s non-alignment and India’s foreign relations with America and the Soviet Union during the Cold War. However, the existing scholarship on India’s foreign relations with the individual members of the Soviet hegemonic eastern bloc is rudimentary, and that on Indo–Polish bilateral relations...
Studies on the Capacitance of Nickel Oxide Films: Effect of Heating Temperature and Electrolyte Concentration

Nickel oxide films were prepared by electrochemically precipitating the hydroxide and heating it in air to form the oxide. The resulting oxide films behave as a capacitor. The capacitance of the oxide depends on the heating temperature, showing a maximum at 300°C. The mechanism of charge storage was studied by measuring the capacitance and surface area as a function of heating temperature, and the capacitance in different electrolytes and potential windows. The charge‐storage mechanism is believed to be a surface redox reaction involving adsorbed hydroxyl ions. © 2000 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
CUDA Implementation of a Navier-Stokes Solver on Multi-GPU Desktop Platforms for Incompressible Flows

Graphics processor units (GPU) that are traditionally designed for graphics rendering have emerged as massively-parallel "co-processors" to the central processing unit (CPU). Small-footprint desktop supercomputers with hundreds of cores that can deliver teraflops peak performance at the price of conventional workstations have been realized. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation capability with rapid computational turnaround time has the potential to transform engineer ing analysis and design optimization procedures. We describe the implementation of a Navier-Stokes solver for incompressible fluid flow using desktop platforms equipped with multi-GPUs. Specifically, NVIDIA’s Compute Unified Device Architecture (CUDA) programming model is used to implement the discretized form of the governing equations. The pr ojection algorithm to solve the incompressible fluid flow equations is divided into distinct CUDA kernels, and a unique implementation that exploits the memory hierarchy of the CUDA programming model is suggested. Using a quad-GPU platform, we observe two orders of magnitude speedup relative to a serial CPU implementation. Our result s demonstrate that multi-GPU desktops can serve as a cost-effective small-footprint paral lel computing platform to accelerate CFD simulations substantially.
Ovarian cancer stem cells and inflammation

Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths in women in the United States and the leading cause of gynecologic cancer deaths. The major limiting factor in the treatment of ovarian cancer is recurrence and chemoresistance. Individuals who succumb to advanced-stage ovarian cancer inevitably become refractory to chemotherapy, resulting in disease progression and death. The source of recurrence and lack of response to chemotherapy is unknown. The focus of this review is to evaluate the question of recurrence and chemoresistance based on the concept of the cancer stem cells and inflammation.
The TMJ pain-dysfunction syndrome: heterogeneity of the patient population

Many variables determine how a person acquires a TMJ problem, how he reacts to it, and how he responds to therapy. Although clinical symptoms may be similar among TMJ patients, it is necessary to subdivide the total patient population in accordance with those variables. Only in this way can a meaningful diagnosis and a rational approach to therapy be provided for each individual patient.
Burkitt's lymphoma with bilateral cavernous sinus and mediastinal involvement in a child

We report a 12-year-old boy who presented with incomplete right ophthalmoplegia, exophthalmos and headache. Initial CT and MRI revealed a mass in the right cavernous sinus. During tumour work-up, CT identified additional tumour within the mediastinum. Biopsy of the mediastinal lesion identified Burkitt's lymphoma. We report on this case because radiologists and clinicians should be alerted to identify sites of primary Burkitt's lymphoma outside of the central nervous system if clinical symptoms indicate, or imaging shows, CNS lesions. Primary CNS involvement in Burkitt's lymphoma is rare.
Subcellular localization of IRS-1 in IGF-I-mediated chondrogenic proliferation, differentiation and hypertrophy of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells

Bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSC) can differentiate into chondrocytes. Understanding the mechanisms and growth factors that control the MSC stemness is critical to fully implement their therapeutic use in cartilage diseases. The activated type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-IR), interacting with the insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), can induce cancer cell proliferation and transformation. In cancer or transformed cells, IRS-1 has been shown to localize in the cytoplasm where it activates the canonical Akt pathway, as well as in the nucleus where it binds to nuclear proteins. We have previously demonstrated that IGF-I has distinct time-dependent effect on primary BM-MSC chondrogenic pellets: initially (2-day culture), IGF-I induces proliferation; subsequently, IGF-I promotes chondrocytic differentiation (7-day culture). In the present study, by using MSC from the BM of IRS-1(- / - ) mice we show that IRS-1 mediates almost 50% of the IGF-I mitogenic response and the MAPK-MEK/ERK signalling accounts for the other 50%. After stimulation with IGF-I, we found that in 2-day old human and mouse derived BM-MSC pellets, IRS-1 (total and phosphorylated) is nuclearly localized and that proliferation prevails over differentiation. The IGF-I mitogenic effect is Akt-independent. In 7-day MSC pellets, IGF-I stimulates the chondrogenic differentiation of MSC into chondrocytes, pre-hypertrophic and hypertrophic chondrocytes and IRS-1 accumulates in the cytoplasm. IGF-I-dependent differentiation is exclusively Akt-dependent. Our data indicate that in the physiologically relevant model of primary cultured MSC, IGF-I induces a temporally regulated nuclear or cytoplasmic localization of IRS-1 that correlate with the transition from proliferation to chondrogenic differentiation.
The Influence of Visitors' Awareness of World Heritage Listings: A Case Study of Huangshan, Xidi and Hongcun in Southern Anhui, China

This research used Huangshan, Xidi and Hongcun in southern Anhui (China) as a case to study the impact of World Heritage List (WHL) status on international visitors. The study categorised all the visitors into two types – WHL aware and WHL unaware – based on awareness levels of the World Heritage status of the destination. The two groups were compared in terms of visit purposes, socio-demographics and other characteristics. The results showed that the World Heritage List status did have an impact on travellers' visit decisions. Additionally, the World Heritage List status proved to be related to tourists' visit purposes, activity patterns and socio-demographic characteristics. However, the World Heritage List status will be a more influential tool for destinations when marketers place emphasis on the underlying cultural contents of sites and make the cultural elements accessible and interpretable for international visitors.
On Conformity with Judgments of a Majority or an Authority

(1961). On Conformity with Judgments of a Majority or an Authority. The Journal of Social Psychology: Vol. 53, No. 2, pp. 303-316.
Intraosseous mandibular cyst with sebaceous differentiation

Abstract A case of a mandibular cyst with sebaceous glands in the lining is presented to emphasize the role of epithelial-mesenchymal interactions in developing oral tissues. An argument is given against referring to these cases as “dermoid cysts.” The relationship of these cases with odontogenic keratocysts is also briefly discussed.
Life stress, negative mood states, and antibodies to heat shock protein 70 in endometrial cancer

Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), an intracellular chaperone “stress protein,” has been identified in the extracellular milieu, where it may exert regulatory effects upon monocytes. HSPs are overexpressed in many cancers and implicated in tumorigenesis. Few studies have examined the relationship between psychosocial factors and HSP levels, particularly in cancer. The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship between negative psychosocial states (life events stress and negative mood states) and serum concentration of HSP70 antibodies among women with endometrial cancer, the fourth most common cancer among women in the United States. Thirty-six women scheduled to undergo surgery for suspected endometrial adenocarcinoma underwent a psychosocial assessment and peripheral venous blood draw. Life events stress was assessed using an abbreviated version of the Life Experiences Survey; negative mood states were assessed using abbreviated versions of the Structured Interview Guide for the Hamilton Anxiety and Depression Scales and the Profile of Mood States. HSP70 antibody levels were regressed sequentially on life events stress and negative mood variables while controlling for body mass index (BMI) and cancer stage. Results revealed that greater HSP70 antibody concentrations were associated with greater impact of recent negative life events (p = .04), anxious symptomatology (p = .007), depressive symptomatology (p = .03), and total mood disturbance (p = .001) after controlling for BMI and cancer stage. While based on a modest sample size, these preliminary results suggest that larger-scale research exploring the relationships among psychosocial factors and HSP70 in cancer patients may be warranted.
Experimentally produced self-repugnant behavior as a function of hypnosis and waking suggestion: a pilot study.

Abstract Seven female volunteers who had scored above nine on the SHSS, Form C (Weitzenhoffer & Hilgard, 1962), were randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups (hypnosis, posthypnotic suggestion, and waking suggestion). Subjects in all three groups were asked to make a verbal homosexual approach to a female they had not previously met. Only the two waking-suggestion subjects carried out the instructions. The results suggest that hypnosis may be less effective than waking-suggestion in eliciting a self-repugnant response when attitudinal and motivational variables are maximized.
The chemostress effect and wear

Abstract A theory of chemomechanical interaction is developed to explain on a quantitative basis several disparate phenomena in the field of tribology. The most important new quantity in this theory is the variation in the Gibbs chemical potential with mechanical stress, a quantity formulated and calculated explicity using statistical thermodynamics and many-body theory. We call this quantity “the chemostress coefficient” and the related effect “the chemostress effect”. The theory gives the basis for the quantitative explanation of stress corrosion crackling, pitting corrosion, fretting corrosion, the Rebinder effect and enhanced chemical activity on crystal surfaces. In particular, it suggests methods of arresting corrosion by controlling the charge distribution of electrolytes near the surface under consideration and explains observed correlations between the zero of the ξ potential, microhardness and drilling rates. The connection of the chemostress effect to the running-in process in tribology will be discussed. In addition, this theory brings out the connection between the Rebinder effect and wear.
Approximate re structures from experimental rotational constants and ab initio force fields

Abstract Vibration–rotation constants calculated from MP2/6-31G(d) ab initio quadratic and cubic force fields were used together with ground state rotational constants to derive approximate r e structures for asymmetric rotor molecules with four to 10 atoms. The good agreement with published r e (COCl 2 ) and r m ρ (COCl 2 , HCOOH) structures suggests that vibration–rotation constants from low level small basis set ab initio calculations may be sufficiently accurate to derive approximate equilibrium structures for larger molecules. Results are also presented for HCOCl, FCOCl, CF 2 NCl, CF 2 NH, CH 3 CH 2 PH 2 , CH 3 OCOCl and CH 3 OCOCN. Problems encountered during the r 0 / r s structure determinations persisted to some extent for the r e structures of the last two molecules in the list. Problems were less severe or nonexistent for the r e structures of the other molecules studied.
A hybrid controller for autonomous vehicle lane changing with epsilon dragging

Trajectory control for an autonomous ground vehicle typically utilizes the error from the desired path or trajectory (i.e., crosstrack error) to produce velocity and steering commands. If an obstacle is in the path, previous techniques have synthesized a new trajectory that avoids the obstacles, and the vehicle directly follows this new path. This approach has drawbacks at high velocity, because the synthesized trajectory must satisfy the stability criteria of the vehicle. This paper introduces a technique which we call epsilon dragging. The approach modifies the existing trajectory by some value e in order to avoid an obstacle at high speeds, while preserving the original trajectory as the desired path. Epsilon dragging is performed by inducing an additional error to the crosstrack error of the vehicle; this induced error can be bounded in order to stay within the velocity/turnrate profile that governs safe behavior at high speeds. The paper provides a method to construct epsilon such that a vehicle can avoid an obstacle at high speeds without the need to verify the trajectory's curvature before it is synthesized. The technique is demonstrated in completing a lane-change maneuver at different velocities, and verifying that the velocity/turnrate profiles are not exceeded.
5-Cyanotryptophan as an Infrared Probe of Local Hydration Status of Proteins

The nitrile (C≡N) stretching vibration is sensitive to environment, making nitrile-derivatized amino acids an increasingly utilized tool to study various biological processes. Herein, we show that the bandwidth of the C≡N stretching vibration of 5-cyanotryptophan is particularly sensitive to water, rendering it an attractive infrared probe of local hydration status. We confirm the utility of this probe in biological applications by using it to examine how the hydration status of individual tryptophan sidechains of an antimicrobial peptide, indolicidin, changes upon peptide binding to model membranes. Furthermore, we show that p-cyanophenylalanine and 5-cyanotryptophan constitute a useful fluorescence energy transfer pair.
Raman Spectra of Polycrystalline Solids; Application to the Pb Ti 1 − x Zr x O 3 System

It is shown that Raman scattering from polycrystalline piezoelectric solids contains all of the essential features of Raman single-crystal spectra even when the crystal spectrum is quite anisotropic. As an illustration of the Raman powder technique, the ceramic ferroelectric-antiferroelectric system PbTi${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$-PbZr${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ has been investigated and the "soft" $E(\mathrm{TO})$ optical phonon modes measured in the tetragonal ferroelectric region.
Virtual borders, data aliens, and bare bodies: Culture, securitization, and the biometric state

Abstract This article analyzes the reconfiguration of state power into new immaterial forms such as virtual and biometric borders, and the impact of this reconfiguration in the cultural representation of migrant subjects and transborder communities. It attempts to respond to, and to elucidate what happens when security mutates from an abstract notion to a series of practices that become part of the nationstate's dominant discourse. In the first section, it offers a panoramic vision of virtual borders and its explanatory mechanisms linked to security and biometrics. Drawing from what Muller (2008) calls the ‘dispositif of security,’ it then discusses some interconnections between the biometric state, the culture of securitization and the growing perception that borders are becoming quasi‐permanent states of exception. The third part establishes connecting lines between visual securitization images and other recent representations of the biometric border in popular film and narrative using a detailed discus...
Integrability of a globally coupled oscillator array.

We show that a dynamical system of N phase oscillators with global cosine coupling is completely integrable. In particular, we prove that the N-dimensional phase space is foliated by invariant two-dimensional tori, for all N\ensuremath{\ge}3. Explicit expressions are given for the constants of motion, and for the solitary waves that occur in the continuum limit. Our analysis elucidates the origin of the remarkable phase space structure detected in recent numerical studies of globally coupled arrays of Josephson junctions, lasers, and Ginzburg-Landau oscillators.
Adjuvant activity of non-ionic block copolymers. IV. Effect of molecular weight and formulation on titre and isotype of antibody

The adjuvant activity of block copolymers varies with the lengths of the chains of polyoxypropylene (POP) and polyoxyethylene (POE). This project evaluated the adjuvant activity of new copolymers with long polyoxypropylene chains in mice immunized with TNP-hen egg albumin in 2% squalone-in-water emulsions. Two of the new copolymers, L141 and L180.5, not only stimulated higher antibody titres to TNP than older preparations, but also induced a higher percentage of the IgG2 isotypes. The smaller older copolymers, L101 and L121, induced higher absolute levels of IgG3 antibody and relative increases in IgG1. Incorporation of immunomodulators (cell wall skeletons, monophosphoryl lipid A or threonyl muramyl dipeptide) increased mean IgG titres but also increased variability of responsiveness among individuals.
Democracy and Troubled Autonomy: Sectarian Politics and Civil Society in Japan

Civil society organizations (CSOs) exist in overlapping fields of influence, often within contentious relationships. Although the autonomy of a CSO is generally considered critical, currently available conceptualizations of civil society tend to focus on its relation to the state and minimize the role of political parties and social movement organizations. Drawing on the case study of the Women's Democratic Club (WDC), a women's organization in Japan established in the period immediately after World War II, this article examines the ways in which CSOs' embeddedness in their socio-political contexts problematizes organizational autonomy. As a non-partisan organization with democratic values, the WDC promoted egalitarianism and embraced heterogeneous membership within the organization. However, its embeddedness in the political left and its members’ divided and conflicting loyalties challenged its autonomy as an organization. This article seeks to contribute to the inclusion of non-governmental organization...
Tuning Multidomain Hemodynamic Simulations to Match Physiological Measurements

In recent years, considerable progress has been made in creating more realistic models of the cardiovascular system, often based on patient-specific anatomic data, whereas comparatively little progress has been made on incorporating measured physiological data. We have developed a method to systematically adjust the parameters of three-element windkessel outlet boundary conditions of three-dimensional blood flow models such that desired features of pressure and flow waveforms are achieved. This tuning method was formulated as the solution of a nonlinear system of equations and employed a quasi-Newton method that was informed by a reduced-order model. The three-dimensional hemodynamic models were solved using a stabilized finite-element method incorporating deformable vessel walls. The tuning method was applied to an idealized common carotid artery, an idealized iliac arterial bifurcation, and a patient-specific abdominal aorta. The objectives for the abdominal aortic model were values of the maximum and minimum of the pressure waveform, an indicator of the pressure waveform’s shape, and the mean, amplitude, and diastolic mean of the flow waveform for an infrarenal measurement plane. The hemodynamic models were automatically generated and tuned by custom software with minimal user input. This approach enables efficient development of cardiovascular models for applications including detailed evaluation of cardiovascular mechanics, simulation-based design of medical devices, and patient-specific treatment planning.
A Hybrid Parallelizable Algorithm for Computer Simulation of Rigid Body Molecular Dynamics

Molecular dynamics is effective for a nano-scale phenomenon analysis. This paper presents a hybrid parallelizable algorithm for the computer simulation of the motion behavior of molecular chain and open-tree structure on parallel computing system. The algorithm is developed from an approach of rigid body dynamics, in which interbody constraints are exposed so that a system of largely independent multibody subchains is formed. The increased parallelism is obtainable through bringing interbody constraints to evidence and the explicit determination of the associated constraint forces combined with a sequential O(n) procedure. Each subchain then is assigned to a processor for parallel computing. The algorithm offers a sequential O(n) performance if there is only one processor available. The algorithm has O(log2 n) computational efficiency if there are as many processors available as number for molecular bodies. For most common scenario, the algorithm will give a computational complexity between O(n) and O(log2 n) if number of available processor is less than number of molecular bodies.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
Ocular rosacea in childhood.

Abstract Purpose To describe the clinical characteristics and treatment response of ocular rosacea in the pediatric population. Design Retrospective case series. Methods The clinic charts of consecutive pediatric cases of ocular rosacea were evaluated over a 34-month period. Minimal diagnostic inclusion criteria were the presence of posterior eyelid inflammation including meibomian gland inspissation and lid margin telangiectasis, in conjunction with conjunctival injection or episcleritis. Results Six patients ranged from 3 to 12 years of age at presentation. All shared a long history of ocular irritation and photophobia. Five patients (83%) were female and had bilateral involvement. Eyelid telangiectases and meibomian gland disease were present in all cases. Three patients (50%) had sterile corneal ulcers. Only two patients (33%) had cutaneous involvement at the time of diagnosis. All patients experienced significant improvement with a combination of oral antibiotics (doxycycline or erythromycin), with or without topical antibiotics (erythromycin or bacitracin) or topical steroids (fluorometholone). Conclusion Ocular rosacea in children may be misdiagnosed as viral or bacterial infections. Unlike in adults, associated cutaneous changes are uncommon. Most disease is bilateral, although involvement may be asymmetric. Response to conventional treatment is excellent, although long-term treatment may be necessary to prevent relapses.
Organic Vapor Passivation of Silicon at Room Temperature

A simple, inexpensive, efficient, and scalable method to create air-stable organic surface passivation layers on silicon using a vapor-phase treatment is demonstrated. A variant of initiated chemical vapor deposition is used to synthesize a thin film that acts as both a passivation layer and an antireflective coating. The lowest surface recombination velocity reported to date is achieved and maintained during prolonged exposure to air.
The role of hydrogen in the growth of amorphous hydrogenated carbon

Abstract We have investigated the role of hydrogen atoms, ions, and molecules in the growth of amorphous hydrogenated carbon by plasma chemical vapor deposition. By varying the ratio of CH 4 to H 2 in the feedstock, we varied the concentration of hydrogen atoms, ions, and molecules in the plasma. We observed that with increasing hydrogen concentrations in the plasma, the film growth rate decreases, the hydrogen concentration in the grown film decreases, and the optical bandgap decreases. We interpret these results in term of increased hydrogen etching of the carbon-hydrogen bonds that terminate the growing graphite-like crystallites. This leads to larger graphite-like crystallites, lower hydrogen concentrations in the growing film, and consequently, smaller optical bandgaps.
Early Solar System aqueous activity: Sr isotope evidence from the Orgueil CI meteorite.

The Sr isotopic composition and Rb-87/Sr-86 ratio have been measured in carbonates and sulfate separated from the Orgueil meteorite in order to determine the time when liquid water may have acted on the parent body. Both of the studied phases probably precipitated from aqueous solution. The results show that carbonate deposition occurred contemporaneously with parent body formation or shortly after it, probably within 100 Myr. On the other hand, at least some of the calcium sulfate seems to have been formed recently.