cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Functional role for cannabinoids in respiratory stability during sleep.

STUDY OBJECTIVES Serotonin, acting in the peripheral nervous system, can exacerbate sleep-related apnea, and systemically administered serotonin antagonists reduce sleep-disordered respiration in rats and bulldogs. Because cannabinoid receptor agonists are known to inhibit the excitatory effects of serotonin on nodose ganglion cells, we examined the effects of endogenous (oleamide) and exogenous (delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol; delta9THC) cannabimimetic agents on sleep-related apnea. DESIGN Sleep architecture, respiratory pattern, and apnea expression in rats were assessed by polysomnography. A repeated measures, within-subjects, fully nested crossover design was used in which each animal was recorded on exactly 12 occasions. PARTICIPANTS Eleven adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were instrumented for chronic polysomnography. INTERVENTIONS Animals were recorded following intraperitoneal injection of various doses of delta9THC, oleamide, and serotonin, alone and in combination. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS Our data show that delta9THC and oleamide each stabilized respiration during all sleep stages. With delta9THC, apnea index decreased by 42% (F=2.63; p=0.04) and 58% (F=2.68; p=0.04) in NREM and REM sleep, respectively. Oleamide produced equivalent apnea suppression. This observation suggests an important role for endocannabinoids in maintaining autonomic stability during sleep. Oleamide and delta9THC blocked serotonin-induced exacerbation of sleep apnea (p<0.05 for each), suggesting that inhibitory coupling between cannabinoids and serotonin receptors in the peripheral nervous system may act on apnea expression. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates potent suppression of sleep-related apnea by both exogenous and endogenous cannabinoids. These findings are of relevance to the pathogenesis and pharmacological treatment of sleep-related breathing disorders.
Atomic spherical orbitals - I. On the angular implications of the differential Overlap approximations

It was found that the use of conventional Slater type overlap, resonance and kinetic integrals are not compatible with the use of Differential Overlap approximations (DOA). We propose a new set of basis functions, Spherical Orbitals, (SO's) that relieve some of the shortcomings generated by the use of DOA's.
Detection of transient ischemic episodes by ambulatory ECG recordings.

Ambulatory ECG monitoring offers a means to document transient episodes of myocardial ischemia occurring during ordinary activities of daily living. Using this method, it is apparent that asymptomatic ischemic episodes are very common in many patients with coronary heart disease. These asymptomatic ischemic episodes occur at heart rates well below those necessary to evoke angina during exercise testing and are likely due to transient reduction of perfusion.
Metaphorical Models of Mastery: or, How to Learn to Do the Problems at the End of the Chapter of the Physics Textbook

Without question, one of the most important cluster of issues in recent philosophy of science has centered around the attack on the rigid positivist distinction between theory and observation or between a theoretical language and an observational language. Kuhn, Feyerabend, Hanson, Toulmin, and Polanyi are all names closely associated with one version or another of this attack.1 All have argued that observational categories are essentially theory-determined and there is no determinate observational base, or neutral observational language. Thus at least the positivist account of the objectivity of scientific knowledge would seem to be seriously threatened by the thesis of the theory-ladenness of observation. For without an independently accessible observational base against which to test scientific theories, wherein would objectivity consist?
Sulfur Compounds in Mustelids

Secondary chemicals, especially alkaloids and terpenes isolated from plants, have interested chemists for many decades, yet only comparatively recently have their important roles in ecology been realized. They are no longer incorrectly considered to be just metabolic by-products.1 Investigations of secondary compounds produced by mammals have a long history, but are not numerous in comparison to the studies of substances isolated from plants or even insects. Early studies on mammalian secretions were stimulated primarily by commercial concern with perfumes, whereas current research is motivated mostly by the great interest in chemical ecology, in particular by the influence these secretions acting as chemical signals have on animal behavior. Recent advances in the methodology of isolation and identification of small quantities of low molecular weight volatile compounds coincide with this growth of interest and have resulted in a dramatic increase in the number of mammalian secondary chemicals which have been identified. For the most part, mammalian secondary compounds are volatile and received by olfaction.2 Since the odors of low molecular weight divalent sulfur compounds are usually very intense and distinct to humans, and apparently to other mammals as well, it is not surprising that such compounds, many examples of which are found in plants, are also represented in mammalian secretions.3,4 Compound 1 was found in the vaginal secretion of the golden hamster5, 2 in the anal scent gland of the striped hyena6, and 3 and 4 in red fox urine.7
Using ontology alignment to dynamically chain web services

This statement of interest presents a brief rationale and description of issues for using ontology alignment as a key step in dynamically chaining together a sequence of web services.
Excitonic gain and laser emission from mixed-cation halide perovskite thin films

Organic–inorganic halide perovskites have recently developed into a potential semiconductor coherent light emitter candidate beyond their promise in solar cell applications. However, despite the ample demonstrations of perovskite lasers, experimental results on the origin of optical gain in perovskites are still elusive. Here, we analyze the excitonic gain in the green from mixed-cation halide perovskites Cs0.17[CH(NH2)2]0.83PbBr3 (Cs0.17FA0.83PbBr3) by both low temperature absorption/emission spectroscopies and ultrafast pump–probe transient absorption experiments. The perovskite thin films show a robust excitonic feature up to room temperature, with estimated exciton binding energy E b =43.8 meV, which can be maintained under high electronic excitations that are required for lasers. By using a high-quality (Q=1350) vertical cavity consisting of sputtered dielectric HfO2/SiO2 distributed Bragg reflectors with perovskite optical gain medium embedded inside, we have demonstrated excitonic-gain-enabled optically pumped lasing, with improved threshold of 13.5±1.4 μJ/cm2 and device longevity lifetime >35 h (108 laser shots) at ambient environment under sustained pulsed optical excitations (3.493 eV, τpulse=0.34 ns, 1 kHz). Understanding and exploiting excitonic gain from perovskite thin film materials may help to further boost the performance of perovskite-based lasers.
Overview of the NLPCC 2018 Shared Task: Open Domain QA

We give the overview of the open domain QA shared task in the NLPCC 2018. In this year, we release three sub-tasks including Chinese knowledge-based question answering (KBQA) task, Chinese knowledge-based question generation (KBQG) task, and English knowledge-based question understanding (KBQU) task. The evaluation results of final submissions from participating teams will be presented in the experimental part.
THINKING BEYOND THE CLINIC: COMMUNITY-BASED INTERVENTIONS FOR DIVERSE OLDER ADULTS AND THEIR CAREGIVERS: Session 211

Abstract Demographic trends will increase the number of older adults and greatly increase the diversity of older adults in terms of ethnicity, gender, and disability associated with chronic mental illness and caregiving status. The unmet needs for depression and dementia care services are enormous while the mental health workforce shortage and access barriers remain persistent. A shift to focus on populations incentivizes thinking beyond clinical treatments and attending to the needs of diverse populations that are at-risk but do not engage in traditional services. Speakers in this symposium will discuss community-based interventions that provide dementia and depression care services for ethnically diverse older adults and their caregivers. The symposium will enable health care providers to understand the importance and effectiveness of non-clinical, non-pharmacological or non-professional interventions that impact health and utilization outcomes.
Vancomycin Prescribing and Therapeutic Drug Monitoring in Children With and Without Acute Kidney Injury After Cardiac Arrest

Acute kidney injury (AKI) commonly occurs after cardiac arrest. Those subsequently treated with vancomycin are at additional risk for drug-induced kidney injury. We aimed to determine whether opportunities exist for improved drug monitoring after cardiac arrest. This was a retrospective cohort study of children aged 30 days–17 years treated after cardiac arrest in an intensive care unit from January 2010 to September 2014 who received vancomycin within 24 h of arrest. Vancomycin dosing and monitoring were compared between those with and without AKI, with AKI defined as pRIFLE (pediatric risk, injury, failure, loss, end-stage renal disease) stage 2–3 AKI at day 5 using Schwartz formula-calculated estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Of 43 children, 16 (37%) had AKI at day 5. Age, arrest duration, median time to first vancomycin dose, and the number of doses before and time to first vancomycin concentration measurement were similar between groups. Children with AKI had higher initial vancomycin concentrations than those without AKI (median 16 vs. 7 mg/L; p = 0.003). A concentration was not measured before the second dose in 44% of children with AKI. Initial eGFR predicted day 5 AKI. In children with AKI, the initial eGFR was lower in those with than those without a concentration measurement before the second dose (29 mL/min/1.73 m2 [interquartile range (IQR) 23–47] vs. 52 [IQR 50–57]; p = 0.03) but well below normal in both. In children with AKI after cardiac arrest, decreased vancomycin clearance was evident early, and early monitoring was not performed universally in those with low initial eGFR. Earlier vancomycin therapeutic drug monitoring is indicated in this high-risk population.
CAR-T efficacy: is conditioning the key?

In this issue of Blood , Hirayama and colleagues report that a favorable cytokine profile induced by lymphodepletion is associated with durable remissions in patients with aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma treated with anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy. 1
Outcomes Following Blunt Traumatic Splenic Injury Treated with Conservative or Operative Management.

Introduction Laparotomy, embolization, and observation are described for blunt splenic injury management. This study evaluated outcomes of blunt splenic injury management based on baseline factors, splenic injury severity, and associated injuries. Methods A nine-year retrospective review was conducted of adult patients with blunt splenic injury. Collected data included demographics, injury characteristics, treatment modality, complications, and outcomes (mechanical ventilation, days on mechanical ventilation, intensive care unit [ICU] admission and length of stay, hospital length of stay, and in-hospital mortality). Categorical and continuous variables were analyzed using χ2 analysis and one-way analysis of variance for normally distributed variables and a non-parametric test of medians for variables that did not meet the assumption of normality, respectively. Results Splenic injury grade was similar between operative and embolization groups, but severe hemoperitoneum was more common in the operative group. Complications and mortality were highest in the operative group (50.7% and 26.3%, respectively) and lowest in the embolization group (5.3% and 2.6%, respectively). Operative patients required more advanced interventions (ICU admission, mechanical ventilation). There were no differences between those treated with proximal versus distal embolization. Observation carried a failure rate of 11.2%, with no failures of embolization. Conclusions Embolization patients had the lowest rates of complications and mortality, with comparable splenic injury grades to those treated operatively. Further prospective research is warranted to identify patients that may benefit from early embolization and avoidance of major abdominal surgery.
The association of Helicobacter pylori with pancreatic cancer.

Background & aims Infection with Helicobacter pylori (HP) affects 50% of the world. Previous studies have suggested an association between HP and pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PC). These association studies have been limited in their ability to identify the incidence and risk factors of PC among HP infected individuals and the impact of HP eradication on PC. Methods Retrospective cohort study within the Veterans Administration of 103,595 patients (median age 62.3; 92.0% male) with HP diagnosis based on pathology, stool antigen, urea breath test, or serum antibody between 1/1/1994-12/31/2018. Primary outcome was future PC diagnosis. A time to event with competing risk analysis was performed, evaluating patient demographics and history, method of HP diagnosis, and whether the patient received HP treatment. Secondary analysis of those treated evaluated whether confirmed eradication was associated with PC. Results The cumulative incidence of PC at 5 and 10 years was 0.37% and 0.54%, respectively. Patients who developed PC were older, male, reside in areas with higher poverty. Preceding diabetes and chronic pancreatitis were strongly associated with PC. Factors not associated with PC included receiving an eradication regimen, diagnosis of an active infection (versus prior exposure alone), and eradication of HP. Conclusions PC after HP is rare. Chronic pancreatitis is the main risk factor for PC. Active HP infection, treatment of HP infection, or eradication of HP are not associated with future PC. This study calls into question the association between PC and HP.
Pilot Evaluation of K-12 School Security Professionals Online Training: Understanding Trauma and Social–Emotional Learning

School resource officers and other school security professionals (SSPs) (e.g., security specialists, guardians, campus monitors) have become increasingly common in schools; however, most states do not require that these professionals receive training related to understanding trauma and how it may affect students’ behavior and how to promote social–emotional learning competencies among students. The current project evaluated an online professional development program for SSPs that provides education on two topics related to best practices in working with youth in K-12 school settings: trauma-informed care (TIC) and social–emotional learning. This study used a posttest-only design of 96 SSPs from a county in the southeastern United States. Participants self-selected into two trainings: Cohort 1 (immediate intervention, May 2019) or Cohort 2 (delayed intervention–control group, August 2019). A linear regression model indicated that Cohort 1 (immediate intervention) scored significantly higher on TIC knowledge (b = .36, p < .01) and competencies (b = .31, p < .01) than Cohort 2 (delayed intervention–control group). More studies are needed to assess how training for SSPs directly impacts school climate and school safety.
Cation Effect on Interfacial CO2 Concentration in the Electrochemical CO2 Reduction Reaction

The capacity of larger alkali metal cations to maintain the interfacial CO2 concentration by buffering the interfacial pH has been proposed to enhance the electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO...
Exhaustive probabilistic neural network for attribute selection and supervised seismic facies classification

AbstractMachine learning (ML) algorithms, such as principal component analysis, independent component analysis, self-organizing maps, and artificial neural networks, have been used by geoscientists...
Chemistry of ROS-mediated oxidation to the guanine base in DNA and its biological consequences.

Purpose One outcome of DNA damage from hydroxyl radical generated by ionizing radiation (IR) or by the Fenton reaction is oxidation of the nucleobases, especially guanine (G). While 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine (OG) is a commonly studied oxidized lesion, several others are formed in high abundance, including 5-carboxamido-5-formamido-2-iminohydantoin (2Ih), a prevalent product in in vitro chemistry that is challenging to study from cellular sources. In this short review, we have a goal of explaining new insights into hydroxyl radical-induced oxidation chemistry of G in DNA and comparing it to endogenous DNA damage, as well as commenting on the biological outcomes of DNA base damage. Conclusions Pathways of oxidation of G are discussed and a comparison is made between IR (hydroxyl radical chemistry) and endogenous oxidative stress that largely forms carbonate radical anion as a reactive intermediate. These pathways overlap with the formation of OG and 2Ih, but other guanine-derived lesions are more pathway specific. The biological consequences of guanine oxidation include both mutagenesis and epigenetics; a new mechanism of gene regulation via the base excision repair pathway is described for OG, whereas the impact of IR in forming guanine modifications may be to confound this process in addition to introduction of mutagenic sites.
Analysis of anterograde and retrograde fast pathway properties in patients with dual atrioventricular nodal pathways: observations regarding the pathophysiology of the Lown-Ganong-Levine syndrome.

Anterograde and retrograde fast pathway properties were analyzed in 160 patients with anterograde dual atrioventricular (A-V) nodal pathways, with or without A-V nodal reentrant tachycardia. A-H intervals (reflecting anterograde fast pathway conduction) ranged from 46 to 234 ms (mean ± standard deviation 91 ± 30). The longest atrial paced cycle lengths at which block occurred in the anterograde fast pathway ranged from 231 to 857 ms (435 ± 112). Regression analysis of these cycle lengths versus A-H intervals revealed a correlation coefficient (r) value of 0.41 (p < 0.01). Retrograde fast pathway conduction was present (at a ventricular paced cycle length slightly shorter than sinus rhythm) in 84 of 125 patients: 15 of 16 with an A-H interval of less than 60 ms, 44 of 58 with an interval of 60 to 90 ms, 20 of 41 with an interval of 91 to 130 ms and 5 of 10 with an A-H Interval of more than 130 ms (p < 0.01). Retrograde fast pathway conduction was intact at a cycle length of 375 ms in 41 of 124 patients: 11 of 16 with an A-H interval of less than 60 ms, 22 of 57 with an interval of 60 to 90 ms, 7 of 41 with an interval of 91 to 130 ms and 1 of 10 with an A-H interval of more than 130 ms (p <0.01). Sustained A-V nodal reentrant tachycardia could be induced in 51 of 160 patients, being induced in 7 of 17 with an A-H interval of less than 60 ms, 27 of 72 with an interval of 60 to 90 ms, 15 of 59 with an interval of 91 to 130 and 2 of 10 with an interval greater than 130 ms (p < 0.05). In conclusion, in patients with dual A-V nodal pathways, there are relations between the A-H interval and the ability of the fast pathway to sustain sequential anterograde conduction, and between the A-H interval and the ability of the fast pathway to sustain sequential retrograde conduction. Among patients with dual pathways, patients with a shorter A-H interval are more likely to have A-V nodal reentrant tachycardia, because these patients are more likely to have excellent retrograde fast pathway sequential conduction (a requirement for the occurrence of reentrant tachycardia).
Iterative Design and Evaluation of a Geographic Digital Library for University Students: A Case Study of the Alexandria Digital Earth Prototype (ADEPT)

We report on the first two years of a five-year project to design and evaluate the Alexandria Digital Earth ProtoType (ADEPT), a digital library of geo-referenced information resources, for use in undergraduate education. To date, we have established design principles, observed classroom activities, gathered baseline data from instructors and students, and evaluated early prototypes. While students and instructors are generally enthusiastic about ADEPT, they have concerns about the effort required and the effectiveness of computer-based technologies in the classroom. Instructors vary widely in their use of instructional materials and technologies, teaching styles, and areas of expertise. Results of our work are being incorporated in an iterative cycle of design and evaluation. The paper concludes by presenting research and evaluation methods, design principles, and requirements for educational applications of digital libraries.
Electromagnetic decay of {lambda}(1520)

The electromagnetic decay processes of excited hyperon states are a very sensitive probe of the structure of hyperons. We will argue that the recent measurements of electromagnetic decay rates indicate that the wave functions of the hyperon ground states should contain sizable components of excited quark states (configuration mixing). Flavor-SU(3) is a broken symmetry and it appears that the hyperon wave functions should preferably be written in a uds-basis, where only the light u and d-quarks are symmetrized, and not in the usual SU(6)-basis.
Receptor for AGE (RAGE) Expressed in Macrophages and Neurons Regulates Peripheral Nerve Repair after Injury (P1.279)

OBJECTIVE: To definitively establish the role(s) of macrophage and/or peripheral neuronal RAGE in nerve repair. BACKGROUND: Receptor for AGE (RAGE) and its ligands, amphoterin and S100/calgranulins, are upregulated in macrophages and axonal elements in injured sciatic nerve. Blockade of RAGE suppressed removal of myelin debris and significantly limited nerve fiber regeneration after sciatic nerve crush in C57BL/6J mice. DESIGN/METHODS: We developed transgenic (tg) mice expressing a form of RAGE in which the cytosolic domain is deleted, thereby imbuing a dominant negative (DN) functional effect in macrophages (MPs) (Macrophage Scavenger Receptor promoter; MSR) or in peripheral neurons (thy-1 promoter). Subsequent to establishing that RAGE expressed in peritoneal MPs or dorsal root ganglia neurons retrieved from tg mice displayed a DN effect upon engagement of ligand compared with littermate controls (c), tg and (c) mice were subjected to unilateral sciatic nerve crush. RESULTS: On day 7, compared with (c) mice, tg MSR DN RAGE mice displayed significantly decreased numbers of MPs in injured nerve tissue, in parallel with decreased expression of TNF-α and NGF antigens. On day 21, myelinated fiber density (MFD) was significantly decreased in tg vs (c) mice, 0.006±0.001 vs 0.013±0.001 per μm 2 resp.; p=0.004. Consistent with a distinct role for neuronal RAGE in mediating nerve regeneration, MFD was significantly decreased on day 21 after nerve crush in tg thy-1 DN RAGE vs (c) mice, 0.008±0.001 vs 0.011±0.001 per μm 2 , resp.; p=0.04. CONCLUSIONS: RAGE contributes critically to inflammatory/degenerative processes, as well as fiber regeneration after peripheral nerve injury Study Supported by: AG17490 Disclosure: Dr. Rong has nothing to disclose. Dr. Yan has nothing to disclose. Dr. Hays has nothing to disclose. Dr. Gooch has received personal compensation for activities with NeuralStem and Baxter Pharmaceuticals. Dr. Gooch has received research support from Baxter Pharmaceuticals. Dr. Schmidt has nothing to disclose.
Estrus and pregnancy rates following synchronization with chronolone intravaginal sponge or norgestomet ear implant in cycling ewes.

Abstract Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of a 3-mg ear implant of norgestomet, left in situ for 10 days, in conjunction with a single injection of 1.5 mg norgestomet and 0.5 mg estradiol valerate (EV) for controlling fertile estrus in the ewe. This treatment regime was compared with a 20-mg cronolone impregnated, intravaginal sponge left in situ for 14 days (Experiment 1) and a modification of the cronolone-sponge-treatment to include a single injection of 1.5 mg norgestomet and 0.5 mg EV (Experiment 2). The percentage of ewes synchronized was not significantly affected by progestin treatment (Experiment 1-cronolone pessary alone, 96%; norgestomet implant and injection of norgestomet and EV, 92%; Experiment 2-cronolone pessary + injection of norgestomet and EV, 84%; Norgestomet implant + injection of norgestomet and EV, 96%). In Experiment 1, the first service pregnancy rate (pregnant of ewes mated) of 80% for cronolone-treated ewes was significantly higher than the 59% observed in norgestomet-treated ewes (P
Synthesis, characterization and biodistribution of neutral and lipid-soluble 99mTc-PAT-HM and 99mTc-TMR for brain imaging.

Two new ligand systems for complexation with 99mTc were prepared. The two analogs of bisaminoethanethiol (BAT): N,N'-bis(2-methyl-2-mercaptopropyl)-2,2-dimethylpropylenediamin e (PAT-HM) and N,N'-bis[2-(2-ethyl-1-mercaptopropyl)] ethylenediamine (TMR), form neutral and lipid soluble complexes with 99mTc that readily penetrate the blood-brain barrier following i.v. injection into rats. Although the 99mTc chelates do not display the prolonged brain retention required for use in single photon emission computed tomographic imaging studies, the fact that each ligand forms a neutral and lipid-soluble complex of high chemical stability when coordinated with 99mTc warrants further investigation to increase the site- and organ-specificity of these agents.
Modeling of supercritical vaporization, mixing, and combustion processes in liquid-fueled propulsion systems

This paper addresses the physiochemical mechanisms involved in transcritical and supercritical vaporization, mixing, and combustion processes in contemporary liquid-fueled propulsion and power-generation systems. Fundamental investigation into these phenomena poses an array of challenges due to the obstacles in conducting experimental measurements and numerical simulations at scales sufficient to resolve the underlying processes. In addition to all of the classical problems for multiphase chemically reacting flows, a unique set of problems arises from the introduction of thermodynamic nonidealities and transport anomalies. The situation becomes even more complex with increasing pressure because of an inherent increase in the flow Reynolds number and difficulties that arise when fluid states approach the critical mixing condition. The paper attempts to provide an overview of recent advances in theoretical modeling and numerical simulation of this subject. A variety of liquid propellants, including hydrocarbon and cryogenic fluids, under both steady and oscillatory conditions, are treated systematically. Emphasis is placed on the development of a hierarchical approach and its associated difficulties. Results from representative studies are presented to lend insight into the intricate nature of the problem.
Rescue of Reapproximated Flexor Profundus Tendons in Vitro Following Segmental Irradiation

Segments of rabbit flexor profundus tendon were transected at their zone II midpoints. Before reapproximation, proximal and/or distal segment halves received 10,000 rads of x-radiation. Four treatment groups were examined with light and electron microscopy after 2, 4, and 8 weeks in culture: group XX had proximal and distal tendon halves irradiated, group PX had only distal tendon halves irradiated, group XD had only proximal tendon halves irradiated, and group PD served as nonirradiated control tendons. After 2 weeks, the epitenons of all nonirradiated segments had proliferated to become several cell layers thick with migratory-type cells. By 4 weeks these cells in groups PX and XD crossed the repair site and invaded the opposing irradiated segments in a previously undescribed pattern. By 8 weeks, bridging and remodeling of the repair site were evident in groups PX and XD, yet not to the extent noted in the nonirradiated control group PD. No histologically evident difference in mechanism or completeness of healing was observed between groups PX and XD, and no comparable proliferation, bridging, or remodeling was observed in the completely irradiated group XX. These observations allowed for conclusions to be drawn regarding regional involvement during intrinsic tendon healing and confirmed the pluripotency of poorly differentiated epitenocytes.
A distributed approach for multi-constrained path selection and routing optimization

Multi-constrained path (MCP) selection, in which the key objective is to search for feasible paths satisfying multiple routing constraints simultaneously, is known to be an NP-Complete problem. Multi-constrained path optimization (MCPO) is different from MCP mainly in that, the feasible paths selected should also be optimal with regard to an optimization metric, which makes path computation in MCPO even harder.We propose a fully distributed multi-constrained path optimization routing (MPOR) protocol that solves the general k-constrained path selection and routing optimization problems. MPOR computes paths using distance vectors exchanged only amongst neighboring nodes and does not require the maintenance of global network state about the topology or resources; supports hop-by-hop, connectionless routing of data packets, and implements constrained path optimization by distributively constructing an x-optimal path set (i.e., the shortest, the second shortest and up to the xth shortest path in terms of the optimization metric) for each destination at each node. Simulations show that MPOR has satisfactory routing success ratios for multi-constrained path selection, and performs consistently with varying number of constraints. For constrained path optimization, MPOR has high probabilities of finding feasible paths that are also optimal or near-optimal for the given optimization metric.
Experiment of Chaotic Vibration of Loosely Supported Tube Rows in Cross-Flow

A tube array supported by baffle plates in cross-flow may be subjected to fluidelastic instability in the tube-support-plate-inactive mode. An experimental study is presented to characterize the tube motion. Three series of tests were performed to measure tube displacements as a function of flow velocity for differing clearances. The motion was examined by root-mean-square values of tube displacements, power spectral densities, phase planes, Poincare maps, and Lyapunov exponents. The experimental data agree reasonably well with an analytical model based on the unsteady flow theory.
Incidence of spinal injuries in migratory Yellowstone cutthroat trout captured at electric and waterfall-velocity weirs

The South Fork Snake River (Idaho, USA) supports a native Yellowstone cutthroat trout (YCT) population Oncorhynchus clarkii bouvieri (Richardson) threatened by non-native rainbow trout O. mykiss (Walbaum). Electric weirs prevent rainbow trout passage into YCT spawning tributaries but may cause spinal injuries. YCT captured at electric weirs on Palisades and Pine Creeks and a control waterfall-velocity weir on Burns Creek were X-rayed in 2012 and 2013 to estimate spinal injury rates. Electrical pulse frequency was increased from 2012 to 2013 at the Palisades (from 11.5 to 20 Hz) and Pine weirs (13–20 Hz), and spinal injury rates were found to increase from 11.3 to 21.3% at Palisades and from 6.5 to 14.7% at Pine, while Burns injury rates remained constant (4.5% in 2012 and 6.0% in 2013), suggesting the electric weirs caused spinal injuries in YCT. Lower pulse frequencies may minimise YCT spinal injury but still prevent rainbow trout from accessing YCT spawning tributaries.
Ontogenetic differences in conditioning to context and CS as a function of context saliency and CS-US interval

A series of experiments examined ontogenetically the effects of context saliency and CS-US interval on the learning of CS-US and context-US associations. Although adult rats generally showed an inverse relationship between CS and context learning that depended upon CS-US interval and context saliency, the opposite relationship held for preweanlings. Consistent with many contemporary learning theories, adult rats expressed CS-context competition in learning about the US. Preweanlings, on the other hand, exhibited potentiated responding to either the context or the CS as a result of strong learning about the other element. These results suggest that adult and infant rats process information in a qualitatively different manner.
Practical acceleration for computing the HITS ExpertRank vectors

A meaningful rank as well as efficient methods for computing such a rank are necessary in many areas of applications. Major methodologies for ranking often exploit principal eigenvectors. Kleinberg's HITS model is one of such methodologies. The standard approach for computing the HITS rank is the power method. Unlike the PageRank calculations where many acceleration schemes have been proposed, relatively few works on accelerating HITS rank calculation exist. This is mainly because the power method often works quite well in the HITS setting. However, there are cases where the power method is ineffective, moreover, a systematic acceleration over the power method is desirable even when the power method works well. We propose a practical acceleration scheme for HITS rank calculations based on the filtered power method by adaptive Chebyshev polynomials. For cases where the gap-ratio is below 0.85 for which the power method works well, our scheme is about twice faster than the power method. For cases where gap-ratio is unfavorable for the power method, our scheme can provide significant speedup. When the ranking problems are of very large scale, even a single matrix-vector product can be expensive, for which accelerations are highly necessary. The scheme we propose is desirable in that it provides consistent reduction in number of matrix-vector products as well as CPU time over the power method, with little memory overhead.
Altered Trafficking of Lysosomal Proteins in Hermansky-Pudlak Syndrome Due to Mutations in the β3A Subunit of the AP-3 Adaptor

Summary a component of an organellar coat involved in protein sorting. Hermansky-Pudlaksyndrome(HPS)isageneticdisor- Our studies concern the Hermansky-Pudlak syn-der characterized by defective lysosome-related or- drome (HPS), an autosomal recessive disorder charac- ganelles. Here, we report the identification of two HPS terizedby oculocutaneousalbinismand plateletstorage patients with mutations in the b 3A subunit of the het- pool deficiency (Hermansky and Pudlak, 1959). These erotetrameric AP-3 complex. The patients’ fibroblasts abnormalities arise from defects in specialized cyto- exhibit drastically reduced levels of AP-3 due to en- plasmic organelles, namely melanosomes and platelet- hanced degradation of mutant b 3A. The AP-3 de- dense granules. Over time, some HPS patients develop ficiency results in increased surface expression of pulmonary fibrosis and granulomatous colitis, presum- the lysosomal membrane proteins CD63, lamp-1, and ably due to accumulation of undegraded materials in
Assessment of ABT-263 activity across a cancer cell line collection leads to a potent combination therapy for small-cell lung cancer

BH3 mimetics such as ABT-263 induce apoptosis in a subset of cancer models. However, these drugs have shown limited clinical efficacy as single agents in small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) and other solid tumor malignancies, and rational combination strategies remain underexplored. To develop a novel therapeutic approach, we examined the efficacy of ABT-263 across >500 cancer cell lines, including 311 for which we had matched expression data for select genes. We found that high expression of the proapoptotic gene Bcl2-interacting mediator of cell death (BIM) predicts sensitivity to ABT-263. In particular, SCLC cell lines possessed greater BIM transcript levels than most other solid tumors and are among the most sensitive to ABT-263. However, a subset of relatively resistant SCLC cell lines has concomitant high expression of the antiapoptotic myeloid cell leukemia 1 (MCL-1). Whereas ABT-263 released BIM from complexes with BCL-2 and BCL-XL, high expression of MCL-1 sequestered BIM released from BCL-2 and BCL-XL, thereby abrogating apoptosis. We found that SCLCs were sensitized to ABT-263 via TORC1/2 inhibition, which led to reduced MCL-1 protein levels, thereby facilitating BIM-mediated apoptosis. AZD8055 and ABT-263 together induced marked apoptosis in vitro, as well as tumor regressions in multiple SCLC xenograft models. In a Tp53; Rb1 deletion genetically engineered mouse model of SCLC, the combination of ABT-263 and AZD8055 significantly repressed tumor growth and induced tumor regressions compared with either drug alone. Furthermore, in a SCLC patient-derived xenograft model that was resistant to ABT-263 alone, the addition of AZD8055 induced potent tumor regression. Therefore, addition of a TORC1/2 inhibitor offers a therapeutic strategy to markedly improve ABT-263 activity in SCLC.
Coding for parallel execution of hardware-in-the-loop millimeter-wave scene generation models on multicore SIMD processor architectures

Rendering of point scatterer based radar scenes for millimeter wave (mmW) seeker tests in real-time hardware-in-the-loop (HWIL) scene generation requires efficient algorithms and vector-friendly computer architectures for complex signal synthesis. New processor technology from Intel implements an extended 256-bit vector SIMD instruction set (AVX, AVX2) in a multi-core CPU design providing peak execution rates of hundreds of GigaFLOPS (GFLOPS) on one chip. Real world mmW scene generation code can approach peak SIMD execution rates only after careful algorithm and source code design. An effective software design will maintain high computing intensity emphasizing register-to-register SIMD arithmetic operations over data movement between CPU caches or off-chip memories. Engineers at the U.S. Army Aviation and Missile Research, Development and Engineering Center (AMRDEC) applied two basic parallel coding methods to assess new 256-bit SIMD multi-core architectures for mmW scene generation in HWIL. These include use of POSIX threads built on vector library functions and more portable, highlevel parallel code based on compiler technology (e.g. OpenMP pragmas and SIMD autovectorization). Since CPU technology is rapidly advancing toward high processor core counts and TeraFLOPS peak SIMD execution rates, it is imperative that coding methods be identified which produce efficient and maintainable parallel code. This paper describes the algorithms used in point scatterer target model rendering, the parallelization of those algorithms, and the execution performance achieved on an AVX multi-core machine using the two basic parallel coding methods. The paper concludes with estimates for scale-up performance on upcoming multi-core technology.
The phylogeny and ontogeny of humeral torsion

In a series of specimens extending from fossil material through recent vertebrates including man there occurs a gradual phylogenetic increase in the degree of humeral torsion. A further (ontogenetic) torsion is superimposed upon the phylogenetic one in man which increases from birth until the proximal epiphysial cartilage of the humerus disappears and bony fusion occurs. There is a distinct correlation between the calculated strength of humeral rotator muscles inserting above and below the proximal epiphysis; this suggests that they provide the forces involved in the production of humeral torsion. It is shown that ontogenetic or secondary torsion occurs proximally and not along the shaft of the bone. Differences in the degree of humeral torsion in either sex of adult Whites and Negroes are given and discussed.
Analysis of RNA from brush cytology detects changes in B2M, CYP1B1 and KRT17 levels with OSCC in tobacco users

RNA expression analysis of oral keratinocytes can be used to detect early oral cancer, but a limitation is the inability to obtain high quality RNA from oral tissue without using biopsies. While oral cytology cell samples can be obtained from patients in a minimally invasive manner, they have not been validated for quantitative analysis of RNA expression. Earlier we showed RNA from brush cytology of hamster Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) demonstrated differential expression of B2M and CYP1B1 using real time RT-PCR in a dibenz[a,I]pyrene, tobacco carcinogen, induced model of this disease. Here we show reproducibility of this approach to measuring gene expression in humans. Cytology brush samples from 12 tobacco and betel related OSCC and 17 nonmalignant oral lesions revealed B2M mRNA was enriched in tumor samples while CYP1B1 mRNA was reduced, similar to what was seen in the model system. Additionally, we showed that KRT17 mRNA, a gene linked to OSCC in another brush cytology study, was also enriched in OSCC versus nonmalignant lesions, again supporting the promise of using RNA from brush oral cytology to reproducibly monitor oral gene expression.
Lead concentration and isotopic composition in five peridotite inclusions of probable mantle origin

Abstract The lead content of five whole-rock peridotite inclusions (four lherzolites and one harzburgite) in alkali basalt ranges from 82 to 570 ppb (parts per billion). Approximately 30–60 ppb of this amount can be accounted for by analyzed major silicate minerals (olivine ≤ 10 ppb; enstatite 5–28 ppb; chrome diopside ∼400 ppb). Through a series of acid leaching experiments, the remainder of the lead is shown to be quite labile and to reside in either glassy or microcrystalline veinlets or accessory mineral phases, such as apatite and mica. The lead isotopic composition of the peridotites ( 206 Pb/ 204 Pb= 18.01–18.90; 207 Pb/ 204 Pb= 15.52–15.61; 208 Pb/ 204 Pb= 37.80–38.86) lies within the range of values defined by many modern volcanic rocks and, in particular, is essentially coextensive with the abyssal tholeiite field. In all but one instance, isotopic differences were found between the peridotite and its host alkali basalt. Two of the peridotites clearly demonstrated internal isotopic heterogeneity between leachable and residual fractions that could not simply be due to contamination by the host basalt. However, there is no evidence that these ultramafic rocks form some layer in the mantle with isotopic characteristics fundamentally different from those of the magma sources of volcanic rocks.
Analyticity Properties of Helicity Amplitudes and Construction of Kinematical Singularity-Free Amplitudes for Any Spin

The analyticity properties of helicity amplitudes for binary reactions of particles with arbitrary spins are studied using the following three properties: (i) the analyticity properties of scattering amplitudes, assuming these are correctly predicted by perturbation theory; (ii) the crossing relations of helicity amplitudes near $s=0$; (iii) the threshold behavior of partial-wave amplitudes. Making use of these properties, kinematical singularity-free amplitudes for any spin are constructed by modifying helicity amplitudes. MacDowell reciprocity is generalized to arbitrary spin. Helicity amplitudes are proved to satisfy the Froissart limit at the high-energy limit.
Pion-induced monopole transitions

The importance of imposing the orthogonality condition between the initial and final state wave functions for a correct description of the direct contribution to the monopole cross section is demonstrated in the context of a study of $^{28}\mathrm{Si}(\ensuremath{\pi},{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{'}})$. Two step effects, previously found important for the $^{12}\mathrm{C}$ monopole excitation, are less important in this reaction. Very general estimates of two-step contributions are derived. These indicate that multistep effects will be small in medium energy monopole excitations away from forward angles.
Hybrid information privacy system: integration of chaotic neural network and RSA coding

Electronic mails are adopted worldwide; most are easily hacked by hackers. In this paper, we purposed a free, fast and convenient hybrid privacy system to protect email communication. The privacy system is implemented by combining private security RSA algorithm with specific chaos neural network encryption process. The receiver can decrypt received email as long as it can reproduce the specified chaos neural network series, so called spatial-temporal keys. The chaotic typing and initial seed value of chaos neural network series, encrypted by the RSA algorithm, can reproduce spatial-temporal keys. The encrypted chaotic typing and initial seed value are hidden in watermark mixed nonlinearly with message media, wrapped with convolution error correction codes for wireless 3rd generation cellular phones. The message media can be an arbitrary image. The pattern noise has to be considered during transmission and it could affect/change the spatial-temporal keys. Since any change/modification on chaotic typing or initial seed value of chaos neural network series is not acceptable, the RSA codec system must be robust and fault-tolerant via wireless channel. The robust and fault-tolerant properties of chaos neural networks (CNN) were proved by a field theory of Associative Memory by Szu in 1997. The 1-D chaos generating nodes from the logistic map having arbitrarily negative slope a = p/q generating the N-shaped sigmoid was given first by Szu in 1992. In this paper, we simulated the robust and fault-tolerance properties of CNN under additive noise and pattern noise. We also implement a private version of RSA coding and chaos encryption process on messages.
Insulation levels governed by lightning arresters

INSULATION levels for transformers and circuit breakers for high voltages, to be economical, should be selected so that basic impulse insulation levels are as low as are feasible. Presently recognized basic insulation levels are too conservative for the grounded-neutral higher voltage systems. Available levels should be of such values that the user can select a level that is practical and economical for his system. If wide gaps exist between available levels, the user may find it to his economic advantage to depart from standards.
Modeling the winter‐spring transition of first‐year ice in the western Weddell Sea

A new halodynamic scheme is coupled with the Los Alamos sea ice model to simulate western Weddell Sea ice during the winter-spring transition. One-dimensional temperature and salinity profiles are consistent with the warming and melt stages exhibited in first-year ice cores from the 2004 Ice Station POLarstern (ISPOL) expedition. Results are highly sensitive to snowfall. Simulations which use reanalysis precipitation data do not retain a snow cover beyond mid-December, and the warming transition occurs too rapidly. Model performance is greatly improved by prescribing a snowfall rate based on reported snow thicknesses. During ice growth prior to ISPOL, simulations indicate a period of thick snow and upper ice salinity enrichment. Gravity drainage model parameters impact the simulation immediately, while effects from the flushing parameter (snow porosity at the ice top) appear as the freeboard becomes negative. Simulations using a snow porosity of 0.3, consistent with that of wet snow, agree with salinity observations. The model does not include lateral sources of sea-water flooding, but vertical transport processes account for the high upper-ice salinities observed in ice cores at the start of the expedition. As the ice warms, a fresh upper-ice layer forms, and the high salinity layer migrates downward. This pattern is consistent with the early spring development stages of high-porosity layers observed in Antarctic sea ice that are associated with rich biological production. Future extensions of the model may be valuable in Antarctic ice-biogeochemical applications.
Detection of Cow Milk in Goat Milk by Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis

Abstract Pasteurized goat milk was adulterated with increasing proportions of cow milk and submitted to polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. A frontal band, missing from the pattern of genuine goat milk and possessing the same electrophoretic mobility as bovine α s1 -casein, was expressed. The area of this zone was directly proportional to the amount of cow milk added to the goat milk.