cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Observation of Soliton-based Image Transmission Through Self-Defocusing Photonic Lattices

We demonstrate that self-defocusing photonic lattices support various shapes of soliton clusters (such as Y-shape and H-shape) which remain robust during propagation. We propose soliton-based image transmission through photonic structures induced in bulk materials.
Decreased expression of glucose transporter in muscle from insulin-resistant patients

We have observed that in vitro incubated human muscle fiber strips from obese patients with or without non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) have reduced insulin-stimulated glucose transport rates compared with nonobese control patients. To investigate if the decrease in glucose transport is associated with a depletion of glucose transport protein, we performed Western blot analysis of muscle samples from nonobese control, obese nondiabetic, and obese NIDDM patients to measure the levels of the muscle-adipose tissue glucose transporter (GLUT-4) protein. Glucose transporter protein was depressed by 23% in the obese nondiabetic and 18% in the obese NIDDM group. The results were essentially the same in the rectus abdominus and vastus lateralis muscles. These data suggest that the decreased glucose transport rate observed in muscle of these obese patients with or without NIDDM may be due, at least in part, to a decreased expression of the "insulin-sensitive" (GLUT-4) glucose transporter. This alteration may play a role in the insulin resistance seen in obesity and diabetes.
438 EFFECTS OF CONTINUOUS POSITIVE AIRWAY PRESSURE ON LIPID PROFILE, WAIST CIRCUMFERENCE, AND BODY MASS INDEX IN OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA.

Background Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Recent data suggest that OSA is independently associated with the cardiovascular risk factors that comprise metabolic syndrome. Continuous positive airway pressure treatment has been shown to affect multiple components, which have been associated with improved cardiovascular risk profile. No studies have been done that evaluated the effects of continuous positive airway pressure on the plasma lipid levels and waist circumference in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Methods Prospective observational study on consecutive patients referred to UCSF-Fresno Sleep Disorders Clinic and diagnosed with OSA by overnight polysomnographic evaluation and requiring CPAP treatment. The 12-hour fasting lipid level (total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides) was measured within 6 months before the CPAP treatment and at least 6 months after CPAP. Patients on lipid-lowering medications were included if the dose of the medication was not changed during the CPAP treatment. Presence of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, coronary artery disease, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference before and after CPAP treatment were recorded. Compliance with CPAP treatment (as daily use) was obtained during a telephone interview. Results A total of 268 patients have been enrolled in the study; 63 were excluded for incomplete data. The data collection was completed for 80 patients out of 205 who had at least 6 months of CPAP treatment. Thirty-seven patients were removed from final analysis due to changes in their lipid lowering medications. A remaining 43 patients were divided in two groups: 21 compliant with CPAP and 22 (51%) noncompliant with CPAP (control group). The demographics of the groups were similar. The proportion of patients with diabetes was 10% in the CPAP users group and 5% in the control group, with hypertension was 43% and 59%, and with coronary artery disease was 5% in both groups. The follow-up data revealed that compliant patients on CPAP had a nonsignificant decrease in BMI, waist circumference, and LDL and a nonsignificant increase in total cholesterol and triglycerides and a decrease in HDL when compared with controls. Age, sex, and ethnicity had no impact on lipid levels. Conclusions In the preliminary analysis of the data on 43 patients, the compliance with CPAP treatment recommendation was 49%. There is no significant and consistent association of CPAP and lipid levels or metabolic syndrome parameters in these patients at 6 months.
Evaluation of Pericardial Disease in AIDS by Echocardiography

Purpose To explore the sonogram characteristics of AIDS patients with pericardial disease.Materials and Methods Retrospectively analyzed the CDE images of 567 patients with suspected pericardial disease in our hospital,combining their clinical data.Results ① The sonogram of AIDS patients with pericardial disease appeared as pericardial effusion 567 cases,accounting for 100.0%,pericardial thickening 385 cases,accounting for 67.9%,the two often merger exists.② Etiological diagnosis:opportunistic infection 554 cases,accounting for 97.7%;cardiac pericardium infiltration by non-Hodgkin lymphoma and Kaposi's sarcoma 13 cases,accounting for 2.3%.③ 510 cases (89.9%) were clinical cured by antiinfection or chemotherapy.Conclusion Above CDE images characteristics of AIDS patients with pericardial disease can provide useful evidence to clinical diagnosis and treatment.
Automatic Control Application of EPKS System in Gasfield of Honeywell Company

Experion PKS knowledge system(EPK System) is an integrated comprehensive controlled system.It consists of high-function controller,advanced engineering configuration tool and open controlled network,so it′s the representative of the 4th generation of DCS system.This paper introduces the plan and design of EPKS system in a gasfield of Tarim,Xinjiang.
The analysis of the Suqian city drinking water quality monitoring results in 2012

[Objective]To understand the condition of the Suqian city drinking water hygiene,Discuss the city strategy to improve the quality of drinking water. [Methods]To analyze the monitoring results of city drinking water quality in 2012. [Results]The total testing city drinking water of 172 water samples,141 were qualified,percent of pass 82. 0% Among of them,the municipal water supply water sample pass rate is 86. 0% %,the secondary water supply water pass rate is 66. 7%. Main unqualified project is free residual chlorine and total number of colonies. [Conclusion]The water quality of the Suqian city drinking water is a general level. The disqualification of free residual chlorine and total number of colonies is a major health problem. It is necessary to strengthen the cleaning and disinfection of the secondary water supply,carry out secondary chlorine.
Contact-less indoor activity analysis using first-reflection echolocation

This paper presents an ultrasound echolocation-based approach for human activity recognition in indoor settings. The key novelty of the proposed approach is to perform activity analysis using distance estimated through “first-reflection echolocation”. The distance to the nearest obstructing object is computed using the first reflected ultrasound signal. All subsequent reflected signal components from other distant objects are ignored. This leads to an extremely simple signal (i.e., time-series distance data) analysis approach with very low computational complexity. Especially so, when compared with the existing approaches in literature in which full reflected signal analysis, often with Doppler Shift computation, is performed for activity classification. It is demonstrated that for the goal of isolating workplace sedentary behavior, the proposed approach can differentiate between sitting, standing, and walking (i.e., in-office pacing) with more than 80% accuracy. This was validated with different classifiers applied on data collected from multiple subjects in multiple sessions. Recorded video was used as the ground-truth for training the classifiers.
AC105 Increases Extracellular Magnesium Delivery and Reduces Excitotoxic Glutamate Exposure within Injured Spinal Cords in Rats

Abstract Magnesium (Mg2+) homeostasis is impaired following spinal cord injury (SCI) and the loss of extracellular Mg2+ contributes to secondary injury by various mechanisms, including glutamate neurotoxicity. The neuroprotective effects of high dose Mg2+ supplementation have been reported in many animal models. Recent studies found that lower Mg2+ doses also improved neurologic outcomes when Mg2+ was formulated with polyethylene glycol (PEG), suggesting that a PEG/ Mg2+ formulation might increase Mg2+ delivery to the injured spinal cord, compared with that of MgSO4 alone. Here, we assessed spinal extracellular Mg2+ and glutamate levels following SCI in rats using microdialysis. Basal levels of extracellular Mg2+ (∼0.5 mM) were significantly reduced to 0.15 mM in the core and 0.12 mM in the rostral peri-lesion area after SCI. A single intravenous infusion of saline or of MgSO4 at 192 μmoL/kg did not significantly change extracellular Mg2+ concentrations. However, a single infusion of AC105 (a MgCl2 in PEG...
Biologically inspired optofluidic lasers via chlorophylls

The first demonstration of chlorophyll lasers with two lasing bands was achieved by using an optofluidic ring-resonator. Our work revealed the mechanism and unique characteristics of chlorophyll lasers which leads to novel biocompatible laser applications.
A Quasi-Experimental Evaluation of the Impact of Public Assistance on Prisoner Recidivism

The Welfare Act of 1996 banned welfare and food stamp eligibility for felony drug offenders and gave states the ability to modify their use of the law. Today, many states are revisiting their use of this ban, searching for ways to decrease the size of their prison populations; however, there are no empirical assessments of how this ban has affected prison populations and recidivism among drug offenders. Moreover, there are no causal investigations whatsoever to demonstrate whether welfare or food stamp benefits impact recidivism at all. This paper provides the first empirical examination of the causal relationship between recidivism and welfare and food stamp benefits Using a survival-based estimation, we estimated the impact of benefits on the recidivism of drug-offending populations using data from the National Corrections Reporting Program. We modeled this impact using a difference-in-difference estimator within a regression discontinuity framework. Results of this analysis are conclusive; we find no evidence that drug offending populations as a group were adversely or positively impacted by the ban overall. Results apply to both male and female populations and are robust to several sensitivity tests. Results also suggest the possibility that impacts significantly vary over time-at-risk, despite a zero net effect. Overall, we show that the initial passage of the drug felony ban had no measurable large-scale impacts on recidivism among male or female drug offenders. We conclude that the state initiatives to remove or modify the ban, regardless of whether they improve lives of individual offenders, will likely have no appreciable impact on prison systems.
Mitochondrial health maintenance in axons

Neurons are post-mitotic cells that must function throughout the life of an organism. The high energetic requirements and Ca2+ spikes of synaptic transmission place a burden on neuronal mitochondria. The removal of older mitochondria and the replenishment of the functional mitochondrial pool in axons with freshly synthesized components are therefore important parts of neuronal maintenance. Although the mechanism of mitochondrial protein import and dynamics is studied in great detail, the length of neurons poses additional challenges to those processes. In this mini-review, I briefly cover the basics of mitochondrial biogenesis and proceed to explain the interdependence of mitochondrial transport and mitochondrial health. I then extrapolate recent findings in yeast and mammalian cultured cells to neurons, making a case for axonal translation as a contributor to mitochondrial biogenesis in neurons.
RUSH!: Targeted Time-limited Coupons via Purchase Forecasts

Time-limited promotions that exploit consumers' sense of urgency to boost sales account for billions of dollars in consumer spending each year. However, it is challenging to discover the right timing and duration of a promotion to increase its chances of being redeemed. In this work, we consider the problem of delivering time-limited discount coupons, where we partner with a large national bank functioning as a commission-based third-party coupon provider. Specifically, we use large-scale anonymized transaction records to model consumer spending and forecast future purchases, based on which we generate data-driven, personalized coupons. Our proposed model RUSH! (1) predicts {both the time and category} of the next event; (2) captures correlations between purchases in different categories (such as shopping triggering dining purchases); (3) incorporates temporal dynamics of purchase behavior (such as increased spending on weekends); (4) is composed of additive factors that are easily interpretable; and finally (5) scales linearly to millions of transactions. We design a cost-benefit framework that facilitates systematic evaluation in terms of our application, and show that RUSH! provides higher expected value than various baselines that do not jointly model time and category information.
Impact of acute postoperative limb ischemia after cardiac and thoracic aortic surgery

Abstract Objective Acute limb ischemia (ALI) is the cause of significant morbidity and mortality. Although ALI after cardiac surgery is associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality, there are no robust, controlled analyses of the risk factors and outcomes of ALI in this setting. We aimed to identify risk factors for and to delineate outcomes after ALI in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Methods We performed a retrospective review of prospectively collected data on patients undergoing cardiac surgery at our institution between 2002 and 2012. Results Between 2002 and 2012, there were 11,343 patients who underwent major open cardiac surgery, with 156 cases of ALI for an incidence of 1.4%. In a multivariable model, significant risk factors for ALI included body surface area (odds ratio [OR], 0.41; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.18-0.92), current smoking status (OR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.3-3.7), peripheral arterial disease (OR, 2.5; 95% CI, 1.6-3.7), nonelective operative status (OR, 1.9-5.0; 95% CI, 1.2-19.7), use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (OR, 5.6; 95% CI, 2.5-11.6) or intra-aortic balloon pump (OR, 4.7; 95% CI, 2.9-7.5), and valve operation (OR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.1-4.0). There were 105 (67%) patients who developed ALI who required an operation, and 27 (17%) required an amputation on the index admission. ALI was associated with a significant reduction in long-term survival (hazard ratio, 3.72; 95% CI, 2.97-4.65; P Conclusions ALI is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, and it is also associated with reduced long-term survival. Those patients with the risk factors described require extra vigilance to limit the risk of ALI and should be managed in accordance with the patient's overall clinical condition and goals of care.
Preliminary results of an anteverting triple periacetabular osteotomy for the treatment of hip instability in Down syndrome.

Abstract Purpose To investigate the outcomes of an anteverting triple periacetabular osteotomy for the treatment of hip instability in skeletally immature patients with Down syndrome. Methods We evaluated 16 patients (21 hips) with Down syndrome and hip instability who underwent an anteverting triple periacetabular osteotomy between 2007 and 2016. There were nine females and seven males with an average age of 7.4 years SD 2.0. We assessed the level of hip pain, gait ability and clinical stability at a minimum of one year after surgery. Radiographic evaluation included pre- and postoperative lateral centre-edge angle (LCEA), Tonnis acetabular angle and extrusion index. Result After an average follow-up of 4.1 years SD 2.6, 20 of 21 hips (95%) remained clinically stable. In all, 12 of 16 (75%) patients had a full gait without a major limp, but three patients (19%) had a persistent limp. Of the 21 procedures, one hip (5%) was considered a failure due to persistent instability. There was a mean increase of 18...
Fatigue crack growth anisotropy, texture and residual stress in austenitic steel made by wire and arc additive manufacturing

Abstract Wire based additive manufacturing of metals is a novel and cost-effective method for the production of large-scale metallic parts in a wide range of engineering applications. While these methods display excellent tensile properties, relatively little is known of the microstructure-to-property relationships of wire-based additively manufactured stainless steel builds as they relate to fatigue and fracture behavior. Stainless steel alloy 304L walls were fabricated using wire and arc additive manufacturing and subjected to mechanical tests to characterize location and orientation dependant properties and microstructural features affecting crack growth. Fatigue crack growth rate analysis in the high cycle fatigue regime was undertaken on horizontally- and vertically-oriented single-edge notch bend specimens extracted at several positions from the wall. The R ratio was 0.1 and the test frequency was 10 Hz. Paris Law behavior similar to that observed wrought steel alloys has been achieved with vertical orientations showing the greatest crack growth resistance. In conjunction with mechanical testing, scanning electron microscopy and electron backscatter detection were used to assess microstructural effects on crack growth within the build.
Barriers to the Success of Affirmative Consent Initiatives: An Application of the Social Ecological Model

ABSTRACTIn response to evidence that one in five college women are sexually assaulted, institutions of higher education have started adopting affirmative consent policies. Affirmative consent must be voluntarily and explicitly communicated—verbally or nonverbally. A recently published article highlighted barriers to the success of affirmative consent initiatives at the intrapersonal level. To extend this discussion, we identified barriers at each level of the Social Ecological Model. In our commentary, we discuss social determinants that are particularly relevant for campus sexual assault. There are elements in young people's micro-, meso-, exo-, and macrosystems that hinder their adoption of affirmative consent practices. We focus on gender as an aspect of the macrosystem that is a formidable barrier to the success of affirmative consent initiatives, influencing each of the other levels. Finally, we discuss how sexuality education might begin to address the social determinants of sexual assault.
Could Use of Soft Surfaces Augment Onset of Nucleate Boiling

ABSTRACTThis work uses elementary theoretical arguments to estimate whether softening of the surface could be used, along with surface texture and chemistry, to control superheat required for onset of nucleate boiling. For an ideal, smooth surface a mild decrease of the required superheat is predicted. In turn, an approximate closed-form model of vapor trapping and bubble seeding from soft surface with conical cavities shows linear dependence between the required superheat and the substrate’s shear modulus. Based on these results, considerations involved in implementing soft coatings for boiling applications and relevant outstanding fundamental questions are also briefly discussed.
A Scanning Electron Microscopic View of Sporulation in Azolla mexicana Presl

The Azolla-Anabaena symbioses are widely recognized as a potentially important alternative nitrogen source for lowland rice. The realization of their full potential remains contingent, however, upon overcoming a variety of physio-ecological and managerial limitations. While ecotype selection programs, the development of improved managerial schemes and the design of specialized machinery all hold promise for improving Azolla utilization, the key to future maximal utilization would seem to lie in understanding the process and control of sporulation and subsequent life cycle development through the haploid gametophyte stage back to the sporophyte. The ability to control the life cycle will facilitate the development of breeding programs and spore inoculants. Few studies have been conducted on the basic reproductive biology of Azolla and to date the factors controlling sporulation remain unknown. As part of an ongoing research program aimed at improving our understanding of the sporulation process and identifying its controlling factors, we have further examined the morphology of sporulation in Azolla mexicana. The result is an improved pictorial record and general confirmation of structures described in earlier literature from other species. Through microdissection sequences the distinctive features within mega- and microsporocarps have been studied and micrographed. We have confirmed the presence of Anabaena in both megasporocarps and microsporocarps. In mixed sporocarp cultures we have followed the dehiscence of the proximal megasporocarp wall to reveal the perispore, rupture of microsporangia which releases the massulae, and attachment of massulae ro the megasporocarp by entaglement of the barbed glochidia in thread-like protuberances in the perispore. These cultures have yielded sporophytes. Their emergence and release from the megasporocarp apparatus have been documented pictorially. Taxonomically. our A. mexicana cannot be distinguished readily from A. caroliniana using the derails of perispore architecture reported in the literature for the latter species.
Abstract TMP100: Safety & Accuracy of Superselective Wada Testing Prior to Brain Arteriovenous Malformation Embolization: A Single Center Experience

Introduction: Brain arteriovenous malformations (bAVMs) are sometimes embolized in preparation for surgical resection or radiosurgery. In some cases, super-selective Wada testing (SSWT) can help de...
Multiple complex soliton solutions for the integrable KdV, fifth-order Lax, modified KdV, Burgers, and Sharma–Tasso–Olver equations

Abstract We show that completely integrable equations give multiple complex soliton solutions in addition to multiple real real soliton solutions. We exhibit complex categories of the simplified Hirota’s method to confirm these new findings. To demonstrate the power of the new complex forms, we test it on integrable KdV, fifth-order Lax, modified KdV, fifth-order modified KdV, Burgers, and Sharma–Tasso–Olver equations.
A Unified Metric

A new operation which can act on the combined tensor products of the tangent and the cotangent spaces at a point of a differentiable manifold is presented. It is demonstrated that, under the operation, when a self-product of a unit tensor acts on a pair of vectors, the Clifford structure arises without matrices. In conjunction with a unit tensor, the new operation is also shown to naturally transform vectors to forms. The new product is associative when applied to unit tensors but not generally otherwise.
“If I Don’t Fight for It, I Have Nothing”: Supporting Students Who Experience Homelessness While Enrolled in Higher Education

College and university students who are homeless are a population not well known inside or outside of higher education environments. These students have complex experiences as they progress toward graduation, and they are often undetected and unsupported in college environments. Social workers on and off campus can seek to support students in higher education. Social workers employed on college campuses have many opportunities to inform staff, faculty, and administrators about this largely hidden population. Specifically, linkages between students and existing support services are needed. Further, social workers employed on campus can take part in the development, implementation, and evaluation of services and support to mitigate and eliminate barriers to accessing existing supports. Outside of higher education environments, housing and support services delivered by community-based agencies provide students with critical resources, such as housing, case management, employment and academic services, and social supports. However, students also need support to navigate higher education and social services. This chapter will explore how social workers can and do support students attending colleges or universities while homeless.
A randomized incremental primal-dual method for decentralized consensus optimization

We consider a class of convex decentralized consensus optimization problems over connected multi-agent networks. Each agent in the network holds its local objective function privately, and can only...
‘Keeping Them Down’: Neurotoxic Pesticides, Race, and Disabling Biopolitics

Chlorpyrifos, the most widely used insecticide in the US, has gained great notoriety as a contested chemical substance after the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency refused to ban it in 2017. Arguing that scientific studies support their observations and suspicions that agricultural pesticides subtly produce neurological and cognitive harm, concerned groups continue to demand US regulatory agencies to ban this chemical. Their narratives demonstrate how the maintenance of unequal racial and capitalist orders across generational time is tied to small chemical exposures permitted by state regulatory agencies during critical temporalities in the life course. This essay shows the importance of including local perspectives in research that seeks to understand how concerns for the mass neurological and cognitive disabling emerge from lived experiences entangled in histories of racism, exploitation, and neglect. Interweaving feminist science and technology studies, queer theory, and critical disability studies, this analysis contributes to the limited scholarship on cognitive disabling in contexts of environmental injustice through exposure to industrially produced chemicals.
Social Class Competence Stereotypes Are Amplified by Socially Signaled Economic Inequality

A number of psychological theories suggest that increased economic inequality may lead to greater social class stereotyping. However, all existing evidence for this claim is correlational. Across three experiments (one exploratory and two confirmatory, N = 2,286), we observed that exposure to socially signaled inequality-operationalized in terms of variation in perceived incomes among groups of target individuals-amplified the endorsement of one key social class stereotype: the perception that higher income individuals are more competent. When judged amid greater inequality, the same high-income targets were perceived as more competent and the same low-income targets were perceived as less competent, compared with when judged amid greater equality. By contrast, we found no consistent effect of exposure to inequality on stereotypes regarding warmth and relatively weak class-based stereotyping on the warmth dimension in general. We discuss implications of these findings for theories regarding the effects of economic inequality.
Drug-eluting stents: dual antiplatelet therapy for every survivor?

No recent pharmaceutical or medical device has generated as much ongoing and expanding attention as drug-eluting stents (DES). In fact there has been an explosion of published reports on the topic within cardiology, medical, surgical and subspecialty journals. The device industry has repeatedly sent their own summaries of information directly to physicians, while mainstream media has kept the consumer and Wall Street appraised of safety concerns, often with sensational headlines. The Food and Drug Administration has also taken notice by convening a meeting on DES in late 2006. What have we learned through all this dissemination of data? Article p 745 The introduction of DES was greeted with intense enthusiasm in a “perfect storm” sort of way. Device representatives were eager to promote this new product that could dramatically reduce restenosis.1 Patients expected to be treated with this new and “better” technology. Lastly, cardiologists had a potent new tool at their disposal that they increasingly incorporated into practice until it became the default revascularization device instead of bare-metal stents in many parts of the world. This quick and widespread adoption in DES resulted in its frequent use in relatively untested and off-label indications. At the Cleveland Clinic, the use of DES mirrored the community and many interventional practices throughout the world, where the penetration of this device peaked at >90%. While DES use was increasing, McFadden and colleagues sounded an alarm with the publication of a report on 4 patients who experienced late stent thrombosis.2 Although this could have been a chance finding, DES were systematically shown to confer an increased risk of late thrombosis relative to bare-metal stents.3 This safety issue has been confirmed by several independent analyses with patient-level data from the pivotal randomized trials.1,4,5 Stent thrombosis is uncommon, although when it occurs it …
Body Composition Changes with Long-term Pegvisomant Therapy of Acromegaly.

Context In active acromegaly, the lipolytic and insulin antagonistic effects of growth hormone (GH) excess alter adipose tissue (AT) deposition, reduce body fat, and increase insulin resistance. This pattern reverses with surgical therapy. Pegvisomant treats acromegaly by blocking GH receptor (GHR) signal transduction and lowering insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) levels. The long-term effects of GHR antagonist treatment of acromegaly on body composition have not been studied. Methods We prospectively studied 21 patients with active acromegaly who were starting pegvisomant. Body composition was examined by whole body magnetic resonance imaging, proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of liver and muscle and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, and endocrine and metabolic markers were measured before and serially during 1.0 to 13.4 years of pegvisomant therapy. The data of patients with acromegaly were compared with predicted and to matched controls. Results Mass of visceral AT (VAT) increased to a peak of 187% (1.56-229%) (P < .001) and subcutaneous AT (SAT) to 109% (-17% to 57%) (P = .04) of baseline. These remained persistently and stably increased, but did not differ from predicted during long-term pegvisomant therapy. Intrahepatic lipid rose from 1.75% to 3.04 % (P = .04). Although lean tissue mass decreased significantly, skeletal muscle (SM) did not change. IGF-1 levels normalized, and homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance and HbA1C were lowered. Conclusion Long-term pegvisomant therapy is accompanied by increases in VAT and SAT mass that do not differ from predicted, stable SM mass and improvements in glucose metabolism. Long-term pegvisomant therapy does not produce a GH deficiency-like pattern of body composition change.
Political Removal and the Plebiscitary President: An Essay on Seila Law LLC v. Consumer Financial Protection Board

This essay analyzes the Supreme Court’s recent decision in Seila Law LLC v. Consumer Financial Protection Board (CFPB), which held, in essence, that the President has a constitutional right to remove the CFPB Director for political reasons. As many anticipated, the Supreme Court declared its allegiance to the unitary executive theory in this case. This essay, however, shows that the Court did not ultimately rely on that theory to justify its invalidation of for-cause removal protection for the CFPB Director. Instead, the Court articulated a plebiscitary presidency theory, in which the voters choose policies by electing a President, who then implements them by manipulating the leadership of government agencies. The Court justifies this distinctively modern theory by as necessary to “liberty” as understood by today’s conservative politicians and the Lochner-era Court — freedom from excessive government regulation. This essay shows that the Court failed to adequately analyze the issue before it — whether a President should have a constitutional right of removal based on political considerations. It argues that the Court’s approach instead of serving liberty potentially undermines the rule of law and even democracy. In particular, concentrating all of the policy-making and enforcement authority delegated to the executive branch over many decades in the President alone largely collapses the separation of power. It therefore recommends construing Seila Law narrowly, at a minimum.
Abstract SS1-09: Medicaid expansion associated with earlier stage and improved reconstruction rates in low income breast cancer patients

Introduction: Substantial delays in time to initiation of treatment (TTT) following diagnosis of breast cancer (BC) can inflict a toll on quality of life and can decrease cancer-specific survival. Among low-income, non-elderly Ohio women having newly-diagnosed breast cancer with local or regional spread, we examined TTT and other measures where income-related disparities have been documented, comparing 2011-2013 (pre-Medicaid-expansion) vs. 2014-2016 (post-expansion). Our primary hypothesis was that TTT would decrease following 2014 Medicaid expansion.Methods: Using data from the Northeast Ohio Cancer Assessment and Surveillance Engine (NEO-CASE), a multilevel data infrastructure linking Ohio cancer registry data with community data, we identified 30-64 year-old women with new diagnosis of invasive, non-metastatic BC who were uninsured or on Medicaid when diagnosed. TTT was defined as days from diagnosis to first BC treatment with any modality. We excluded women with TTT=0 (likely coding error). The main exposure was pre- or post-Medicaid expansion period defined as 2011-2013 or 2014-2016, respectively. We examined additional key demographic and treatment variables before and after expansion and in multivariate analysis of TTT. We used a previously-described probability-weighting approach based on neighborhood median income to approximate excluding women with incomes above 138% of Federal Poverty Level. As a control analysis, we compared pre- and post-expansion TTT among privately insured women, probability weighted to select for higher income individuals.Results: Our study population included 1177 and 1143 women diagnosed with BC pre- and post-expansion, respectively. Demographic characteristics were similar, though mean age increased by 1.2 years (p Citation Format: Johnie Rose, Weichuan Dong, Uriel Kim, Samilia Obeng-Gyasi, Siran Koroukian. Medicaid expansion associated with earlier stage and improved reconstruction rates in low income breast cancer patients [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2020 San Antonio Breast Cancer Virtual Symposium; 2020 Dec 8-11; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(4 Suppl):Abstract nr SS1-09.
Reachability Analysis for Neural Network Aircraft Collision Avoidance Systems

Sequential decision-making problems can be modeled as Markov decision processes and solved with value iteration to produce a table of values. However, the numeric table can be too large to deploy i...
Impact of a Pharmacy-Led Fall Prevention Program for Institutionalized Older People.

Objective To evaluate the impact of pharmacy interventions on recurrence of falls in older people. Design Prospective case-crossover study. Setting LECOM Health Nursing and Rehabilitation (LNR) and Senior Living Center (SLC) and Millcreek Community Hospital older adult behavioral health and inpatient rehabilitation units (IRU). Participants Twenty and 15 residents of the SLC and LNR, respectively, and 5 and 2 patients of the older adult behavioral health unit and IRU, respectively, experienced a fall during the 8-week study period. Interventions Medication reviews were conducted by a pharmacist assessing for fall risk-increasing drugs (FRIDs). Adverse effects, drug interactions, and nonpharmacologic causes were evaluated, and recommendations were made to reduce future fall risk. Main outcome measures Recommendation acceptance rate, FRID use, and incidence of recurrent falls. Results Eighty percent of fall risk-reduction recommendations were accepted and implemented by the medical team. The mean number of potential FRIDs prescribed per participant was reduced from 3.71 to 3.38. There was a 12.4% reduction in recurrent falls after pharmacy intervention (P = 0.0336; odds ratio [95% confidence interval] = 1.783 [1.045-3.112]). Conclusion Pharmacist interventions for older people who experience a fall were associated with a high acceptance rate by health care providers, a reduction in FRID use, and decreased rate of recurrent falls.
Several faces of refractory coeliac disease type 2.

Enteropathy-associated t-cell lymphoma (EATL) is a rightly feared complication of coeliac disease (CeD) often presenting as the first manifestation of CeD or a complication of preexisting refractory coeliac disease type 2 (RCD2).1 Cording et al in Gut have provided in exquisite detail the molecular landscape of RCD2 and the resultant EATL.2 It provides not so much of a road map to guide us, but rather a sketch of what has gone wrong in this severe complication of CeD. The sequence of CeD leading to RCD2 and finally to EATL provides a rare opportunity for so much confusion. Is RCD2 a chronic inflammatory disease? Most certainly yes. Is it a lymphoma? Perhaps not yet? Thanks to this paper and another recent paper we have a clearer picture of the genotoxic somatic aberrations that occur in and cause expansion and spread of these rare lineage cells.3 Short of the often-lethal lymphoma, RCD2 itself produces substantial morbidity and even mortality.4 Intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELS) can be quite cytotoxic causing significant damage to the epithelium that has persisted despite a gluten-free diet. These aberrant IELS drive the destructive nature of the disease and its cytotoxicity. The face of RCD2 for the gastroenterologist: gastroenterologists looking after these patients are often faced with an ill patient who has very advanced malnutrition as well as a propensity to infection.5 This face of CeD requires the clinician to confirm preexisting CeD, then detect and treat concurrent conditions such as small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, microscopic colitis, motility changes, lactose or other maldigestive problems. Vigorous management of nutritional deficiencies including protection of bone health is crucial.5 Often, gastroenterologists will institute an anti-inflammatory approach to the disease on the basis that it has produced chronic inflammation. In the author’s experience, the early and …
Zooarchaeology of Mission Santa Clara de Asìs: Bone Fragmentation, Stew Production, and Commensality

Through the analysis of faunal remains from refuse features associated with the Native Californian living quarters at Mission Santa Clara de Asis, the article examines Indigenous diet within this colonial mission settlement. In Alta California, Native Californians from differing sociolinguistic groups were relocated to Spanish missions, creating an ever shifting pluralistic society. Within these mission settlements, Native Californians were tasked with maintaining the vast agricultural fields for which they received ingredients for two Spanish-style meals, atole and pozole. This study examines the diet of Native Californian families living within Mission Santa Clara, specifically focusing on the breakage patterns of cattle bones and the communal preparation, cooking, and consumption of these daily meals. These results illustrate change and continuity of foodway practices, expanding our understanding of mission political economies and Native Californian persistence within this colonial system.
Landscape and Alienation in the Late Nineteenth Century

At the end of the nineteenth century, artists working on the periphery of Europe began producing neoromantic landscape paintings. I call them neoromantic because their spiritual content and poignant imagery recall the static, emotive images of northern German Romantic painters like Caspar David Friedrich or Carl Gustav Cams. Like Friedrich and Carus, they subordinate mimesis to emotion — to the expression of personal feelings and the intimation of a universal cosmic order.
Multivariate Statistics and Mathematical Modeling

Publisher Summary The ability to understand multivariate statistics and mathematical modeling procedures and to use them effectively is an essential skill that scholars and practitioners in the sciences and humanities must master. Today multivariate statistics and mathematical modeling procedures are applied regularly to problems arising in the physical sciences, biological sciences, social sciences, and humanities. This chapter introduces five topics in roughly the order users encounter them in the data analysis process. It begins with a discussion on aspects of the critical, but often overlooked process of preparing data for analysis. Then it considers some preliminary steps needed to begin the interpretation of data prior to starting formal statistical analysis. Next, it discusses some of the factors to consider in selecting the best statistical technique to accomplish research objective. However, in selecting a statistical technique, it is essential that users take into account any properties of the data that may limit the applicability of the alternative statistical procedures. The chapter concludes with a discussion of critical issues to consider in interpreting the results of statistical analyses.
Alcohol and the Pancreas

Alcoholic pancreatitis may be one of the most serious adverse consequences of alcohol abuse. Its diagnosis, as it has for many years, depends primarily on clinical acumen in interpreting properly the symptoms and signs of abdominal distress, buttressed by elevated pancreatic enzymes (amylase and lipase). More recently, the use of computerized tomography (CT) in selected situations has been both of confirmatory and prognostic value. Severity of abnormality by CT correlates reasonably well with a variety of clinical-laboratory clusters (APACHE system, Ranson’s criteria, etc.) and aids in therapy.
Privilege, Gender, and the Fourteenth Amendment: Reclaiming Equal Protection of the Laws

The United States Supreme Court's failure to understand the relationship between individuals and groups in its equal protection jurisprudence has resulted in jurisprudence that makes no sense. The Court's inability to recognize the forms of bias associated with group membership has hampered the realization of the equal protection ideal. Analyzing the Court's gender equality decisions, the author proposes another path in equal protection jurisprudence that would analyze systemic privilege, recognizing the structures of subordination and domination. Examining equal protection through a privilege lens would clarify the interrelation of individuals to groups, provide an avenue for addressing biases, and sidestep the intent requirement currently mandated in cases alleging discrimination. A privilege analysis would ensure that the vision of democratic participation, central to the meaning of the Equal Protection Clause, could become a reality.
High Performance Digital Video Servers: Storage and Retrieval of Compressed Scalable Video

Abstract Developments in the fields of computing, computer networks and digital video compression technology have led to the emergence of unprecedented forms of video communications. In the future, it is envisioned that users will be able to connect to a massive number of distributed video servers, from which users will be able to select and receive high quality video and audio. High performance video servers will store a large number of compressed digital videos and allow multiple concurrent clients to connect and retrieve a video from the collection of videos. High performance video servers must provide guaranteed quality of service for each video stream that is being supported. The video server has to retrieve multiple video streams from the storage system and transmit the video data into the computer network. There has been a great deal of research and devel- opment in the past few years on the various issues related to high performance video servers. In this chapter, we provide an overview and snapshot of some of the main research areas that have been worked on recently. We critically evaluate and summarize the main research results. In particular, we focus on the interrelated issues of digital video compression, storage and retrieval for video servers.
Rekindling the Multicultural History of the American Art Therapy Association, Inc.

(2005). Rekindling the Multicultural History of the American Art Therapy Association, Inc. Art Therapy: Vol. 22, Introduction to the Special Viewpoints Series, pp. 184-188.
The self-evolving logic of financial claim prices

In this paper, we use Genetic Programming, an optimization technique based on the principles of natural selection, to price financial contingent claims. Compared to the traditional arbitrage-based approach, this technique is useful when the underlying asset dynamics are unknown or when the pricing equations are too complicated to solve analytically. Comparing to other established data-driven option pricing techniques such as neural networks, implied binomial trees, etc., genetic programming has the advantage of not restricting the structure of the pricing formulas. In addition, because it is very easy to incorporate existing analytical pricing formulas into the evolutionary process, genetic programming can be applied in combination with existing pricing methods. In this paper, we show that genetic programming can recover Black-Sholes formula from a simulated data sample of fairly small size. The application to S&P 500 futures options also show promising results.
Purpose of the Symposium

Broadly stated, the purpose of this symposium is to facilitate the free exchange of scientific information about the upper atmosphere. This conforms to one of the prime objectives of the American Meteorological Society—the “development and dissemination of knowledge of meteorology in all its phases and applications.” A wealth of scientific experience has proven that such exchanges inspire new findings, generate new concepts, and refresh and stimulate the seekers of new knowledge and those who apply such knowledge in the service of society.
P2X2 Receptor Mediates Stimulation of Parasensory Cation Absorption by Cochlear Outer Sulcus Cells and Vestibular Transitional Cells

Cochlear outer sulcus cells (OSC) and vestibular transitional cells (VTC) are part of the parasensory epithelium in the inner ear and are located in homologous positions between the sensory hair cells and the cation secretory epithelial cells in the cochlea and the vestibular labyrinth. OSC are known to sustain a reabsorptive transepithelial current and to contain an immunoreactivity for P2X(2) purinergic receptors. This study addresses whether OSC and VTC share functional similarities and extends this hypothesis to the question of whether both cell types contain functional P2X(2) receptors. The current density (I(sc)) was recorded with the vibrating probe technique and was found to be similar in VTC and OSC. Both gadolinium and flufenamic acid reduced I(sc) in VTC, as reported previously for OSC. I(sc) was stimulated by extracellular ATP but not by selective agonists of P2Y receptors. Purinergic receptor agonists increased I(sc) with a potency order of ATP > 2'- and 3'-O-(4-benzoyl-benzoyl)adenosine 5'-triphosphate alpha,beta-methyleneadenosine 5'-triphosphate in both OSC and VTC. In the presence of suramin (100 micrometer) or gadolinium (100 micrometer), the responses of ATP were inhibited significantly in both OSC and VTC. This pharmacological profile is consistent with that of the P2X(2) receptor. These results demonstrate that VTC participate in vestibular parasensory cation absorption and that both OSC and VTC regulate their parasensory cation flux via P2X(2) receptors, which would regulate the endolymphatic concentration of the current-carrying ion species in auditory and vestibular transduction.