cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
THE EFFECTS OF CATHODE RAYS ON THE PROTEINS OF SERUM

The effects of cathode rays on the proteins of serum appear to be (1) denaturation of a large proportion of the albumin and globulin with the formation of products that are soluble at the pH of the serum; (2) the production of a tough and exceedingly insoluble substance on the window of the cell where most of the absorption of electrons occurs; (3) a slight hydrolytic cleavage of the protein molecule producing a small quantity of products having properties so near to those of the protein that they are precipitated by trichloracetic acid but are not removed by coagulation at the isoelectric point; (4) the production of a small amount of hydrolytic products not precipitated by trichloracetic acid; and (5) the formation of a small amount of ammonia, part of which at least is derived from the urea in the serum. It is interesting to note that these changes are such as would bring about exactly those effects on fibroblasts which were observed when cultures were grown in serum which had been subjected to cathode ray irradiation. The proteins of serum have a retarding effect on the growth of fibroblasts. We might, therefore, expect their removal by denaturation and coagulation to result in the slightly larger growth which was observed. The production of SH groups in the denatured protein molecule would also tend to have a beneficial effect, as has been observed in experiments with denatured albumin. A concentration of protein split products equal to that in the irradiated sera has been observed to produce cells of characteristic appearance, full of cytoplasmic granulations and possessing long, active pseudopods, such as those noted in colonies cultivated in serum which had been subjected to cathode rays.
PREVENTION OF BRONCHOPULMONARY DYSPLASIA (BPD) BY ADMINISTRATION SUPEROXDIE (SOD)

The effectiveness of bovine SOD in the prevention of BPD was evaluated in a prospective double blind controlled study of 45 neonates (m GA 28.7wks; m b.wt. 1154gms) with severe IRDS. All were ventilator dependent with FiO2 ≥ 0.7 at 24 hours of age. Either bovine SOD (0.25mg/kg) or placebo (saline) was administered SC q12h according to random selection until patients could be maintained in room air without ventilatory or CPAP support. Twenty-one patients (m GA 28.8wks; m b.wt. 1156gms) received SOD and 24 (m GA 28.5wks; m b.wt. 1153gms) received placebo. 14/21 SOD and 17/24 placebo patients survived (p=NS). SOD levels were detected in all treated cases. Mean peak values at 4 hrs. p dose ranged from 0.15ugm/ml (dose #1) to 0.45ugm/ml (dose #10). Among survivors evidence of BPD on xray (hyperaeration and/or atelectasis) was significantly less in SOD patients (3/14 vs 12/17; p < 0.02). Clinical signs of BPD (wheezing, pneumonia) were less in SOD patients (3/14 vs 12/17; p < 0.02). SOD patients required fewer days of CPAP (p < 0.03). There were no differences in days of O2, IPPB, incidence and severity of PDA and IVH. SOD administration was safe and well tolerated. SOD reduced the severity of BPD using clinical and radiologic criteria. This extends our earlier observations (SPR 407A, 1983) and suggests the need to investigate variation in dosage schedule, and combined treatment with other antioxidant agents.
Leaching of solutes and sloughing of potato tuber tissue

Thin slices of tissue from low (1.075–1.078 and high (1.092–1.094) specific gravity tubers were soaked in distilled water (100g/250ml) for 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6 hours. Following the soak periods, the soak water and remaining tissues were separated and analyzed. Analyses of the soak water included pH, electrical conductivity, total solids, K, P and citric acid. The tissue analyses included total ash, alkalinity of ash, Ca, Mg, total N and phytate P. Other tissue samples were soaked the same periods of time and used to evaluate the amount of sloughing that occurred during cooking. All constituents studied diffused into the water during the soak periods. The greatest loss from the slices occurred in the first 2 to 3 hours and were similar for both specific gravity groups. After 6 hours the average amounts of material in the soak water were: total solids — 23%, P — 68%, phytate P —55%, K — 71%, total ash — 62%, total nitrogen — 56%, Ca — 35% and Mg —50%. Citric acid diffused into the soak water during the first 3 hours and the amount in the water then decreased. This apparent change may be due to metabolism of the acid. The sloughing of tissue decreased with the length of the soak period. The decrease in sloughing was highly correlated (P<1 %) with the length of the soak period, increases in electrical conductivity of the soak water, and with the leaching of all constituents measured.
Catholicism, War and the Foundation of Francoism: The Juventud de Accion Popular in Spain, 1931-1939

Glossary & Abbreviations Introduction: 'Immense shame, physical repugnance': Responding to the Republic (The Spanish Right & the JAP After 1931) 'The youth of the new Spain': The Crusade to Save the Fatherland (The JAP until October 1934) 'An iron fist against the anti-Spain': Bringing in the New State (The JAP from October 1934 to December 1935) 'To win or to die': The General Elections (The JAP from December 1935 to February 1936) 'We'll become Nazis if we have to': The Ominous Spring (The JAP from February to July 1936) 'Selfless auxiliaries, enthusiastic servants': Joining the Rising (The JAP from July to December 1936) 'Militias of sacrifice': The Crusade for God, Spain & the New State (The JAP at war until April 1937) Conclusion: 'A magnificent harvest': The Destruction of Democracy in Spain (The JAP, the Right & Fascism from 1931 to 1937) Notes Bibliography Index.
Mammalian in vivo assays for aneuploidy in female germ cells

This paper presents an evaluation of and offers recommendations for assays to detect chemically induced aneuploidy in mammalian female germ cells. 72 papers on female germ cell aneuploidy, published from 1970 to 1984, were reviewed. 28 papers were selected for critical evaluation; the other 44 papers were rejected according to pre-established criteria. Salient points emerging from the information reviewed allow an assessment of the current status of mammalian female germ cell tests for aneuploidy. The majority of data have been obtained by analyzing metaphase II mouse oocyte chromosomes following superovulation. Various classes of chemicals were administered usually around the time of ovulation. Dose-response relationships have not been obtained for the majority of chemicals evaluated. The method of data reporting and analysis usually was not conducive to comparisons among different studies. Few of the 16 chemicals studied can be regarded as negative for their ability to induce aneuploidy, whereas an even smaller number should be considered as positive. Certainly, a need exists to identify the chemicals and the dosages that could increase the incidence of aneuploidy in mammalian female germ cells. Obtaining such data definitely is feasible in cytogenetic laboratories. However, the mammalian female germ cell aneuploid assay should not be perceived as a rapid, inexpensive, routine procedure. The assay is capable of detecting aneuploidy following anaphase I when metaphase II oocytes are studied and following anaphases I and II when first-cleavage zygotes are studied.
Musically‐informed writing on the American songbook: four essential books

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to introduce librarians who are not necessarily music specialists to four books on a subset of American popular song literature (“the American songbook” or “standards”), all of which assume some degree of musical literacy on the reader's part. This assumption sets these books apart from most writing on the subject, and the paper suggest reasons why this is the case.Design/methodology/approach – The books are grouped into pairs. The first two books are by a single author whose previous scholarship may make his interest in the American songbook seem surprising. In the other pair the second book is both a continuation of the first and a response to it. In both pairs the earlier book breaks new ground.Findings – All four books should be regarded as essential parts of a library's music literature collection. The first book discussed is more technical than the others, but its pioneering status makes it a landmark.Originality/value – The author's research indicates that the...
Time-optimal rotation of a spin 1 2 : Application to the NV center spin in diamond

We study the applicability of the time-optimal bang-bang control designed for spin $\frac{1}{2}$ [Boscain and Mason, J. Math. Phys. 47, 062101 (2006)] to the rotation of the electron spin of a nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in diamond. The spin of the NV center is a three-level system, with two levels forming a relevant qubit subspace where the time-varying magnetic control field performs rotation, and the third level being idle. We find that the bang-bang control protocol decreases the rotation time by 20%--25% in comparison with the traditional oscillating sinusoidal driving. We also find that for most values of the bias field, the leakage to the idle level is very small, so that the NV center is a suitable testbed for experimental study of the time-optimal protocols. For some special values of the bias field, however, the unwanted leakage is greatly increased. We demonstrate that this is caused by the resonance with higher-order Fourier harmonics of the bang-bang driving field.
1H and 15N assignments and secondary structure of the Src SH3 domain

The 1H and 15N sequential assignments of the Src SH3 domain have been determined through a combination of 2D and 3D Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) methods. The secondary structure of the protein has been identified based on long-range NOE patterns. The SH3 domain of Src consists largely of six β-strands that form two anti-parallel β-sheets.
Predictors of bile leaks after T‐tube removal in orthotopic liver transplant recipients

Bile leaks after T-tube removal are a frequent cause of morbidity in orthotopic liver transplant recipients. The aim of this study was to determine factors that predict the development of these leaks in liver transplant recipients. Records of all patients who had undergone liver transplantation at the University of Washington Medical Center between January 1990 and September 1993 were reviewed. The following were excluded: patients with a Roux-en-Y anastomosis or inadvertent early T-tube removal and patients who died or underwent retransplantation before T-tube removal. All T-tube cholangiograms were reviewed blindly by two authors. Using logistic regression, several variables were assessed for possible association with bile leaks after T-tube removal; these included patient demographics, intraoperative variables, and clinical and cholangiographic variables related to T-tube removal. Of the 166 liver transplants performed in 150 patients, 99 transplants in 97 patients were evaluable for bile leak after T-tube removal. Thirty-three patients developed symptomatic bile leaks, and 21 underwent endoscopic or operative intervention for persistent symptoms. Only duct mural irregularities on the final cholangiogram were strongly associated with the development of a bile leak after T-tube removal (P = 0.001). In conclusion, bile leaks after T-tube removal occurred in one-third of patients undergoing orthotopic liver transplantation; the majority of these patients required some intervention. Duct mural irregularities were associated with bile leaks.
On Social Psychology and Obesity Research: A Final Note

Further evidence for the importance of continued social psychological research into the cause and consequences of human obesity is presented. This brief note also comments on Krantz's (1977) preceding paper on the social context of obesity and obesity research.
Morphine exerts testosterone-like effects in the hypothalamus of the castrated male rat

Previous research has indicated that endogenous opioids participate in the regulation of activity in the hypothalamic-pituitary-luteinizing hormone (LH) axis and mediate the negative feedback control exerted by testosterone. If this assumption is correct, then two predictions can be made. First, the effects of testosterone should be competitively inhibited by narcotic antagonists; and, second, opiates should mimic the acute and chronic effects of testosterone in the castrated male rat. The results of the present investigations support both of these predictions. We found that naloxone competitively antagonized the depressive effects of testosterone on serum LH in the castrated rat and, conversely, that testosterone competitively antagonized the LH-releasing properties of naloxone. In addition, morphine and testosterone both depressed serum LH levels in a dose-dependent fashion in the acutely castrated animal. Moreover, morphine was just as effective as testosterone in reversing the castration-induced fall in hypothalamic-LH-releasing hormone (LH-RH), which occurs in the chronically castrated male rat. On the other hand, morphine failed to reverse the long-term changes in pituitary LH content and increase in serum LH, which is consistent with prior observations that morphine affects only the hypothalamic aspect of the hypothalamic-pituitary-LH axis in the male rat. These results, thus, support the concept that an as yet unidentified opioid-containing neuronal system regulates activity in the hypothalamic-pituitary-LH axis and mediates the effects of testosterone on this axis.
Doing business with dragons of different breeds: some important differences between China and Japan

Warns against expecting the Japanese and Chinese to behave similarly, despite common features of their national cultures and geographical proximity. Points out that China follows Confucian‐based business ethics based on connections, mutual trust and under the table dealings, whereas Japan subscribes to Shinto‐based business ethics, depending on perfection, product superiority, obligation, personal honesty and self‐sacrifice. Provides a brief historical overview of each country’s cultural and political dynamics, then draws attention to some of the important differences between China and Japan – China preferring a command culture, pragmatism, centred on the family and using punishment as a means of ensuring conformity, whereas Japan prefers a consensus culture, sentimentality, has a strong sense of nationhood and relies on praise to achieve required performance. Suggests that western businesses keep this in mind if they are to conduct business successfully in either or both of these two countries.
Destuction and reconstruction: A Strategy for the war‐damaged areas of Iran

This paper outlines the maln elements of a comprehenslve, self-reliant territorial reconstrouction strategy for the wardamaged areas of Iran by drawing from existing experinece including that of the Islamic Republic. After documenting that extent and type of damage, and argument is presented in favor of urgent action and the need for planning. The relatinship beteeen the reconstruction strategy and national goals is particularly emphasled. National independence, defense and integration should guide the entire reconstruction process. Expanding defensive capacity of the border regions, territorial equalization of development, creation of an articulated system of reginal goverments, reduction of dependency on oil revenues, and adaption of a two-tier technology policy are identified as major factor in achieving these goals. comprehensivenss and self-rellance are shown to be characteristics of planning for reconstruction for war destructions in contries where planning was applied, Similarly, reconstruction needs other types of organizations, particularly popular and co-ordinating ones. Reconstruction requlres among other things that existing and potential resourecs be identified and it is argued that these must be moblilzed befor they can be utillized. Different resources are mobiliz3ed differently. Various methods of mobilization are identified for mobilizing human, material and financial resoucrs.
Stimulus specificity of electrodermal recovery time: an examination and reinterpretation of the evidence.

Two experiments were designed to test the hypothesis that skin conductance response recovery time can be (a) independent of other electodermal measures and (b) responsive in particular stimulus manipulations when other measures of electrodermal activity are not Experiment I employed a reaction time task. The results indicated that recovery time discriminated between the warning and execution signals only when the number of responses in the intertrial interval and preparatory interval differed. For those subjects who responded only to the signals, the recovery lime was strongly correlated with the time since the previous response. In Experiment II each subject was presented three different stimulus conditions (mirror tracing, rest, and pressor). The recovery time did not discriminate between the stimulus conditions differently than other electrodermal measures. The results of these experiments suggest that the recovery time primarily reflects the amount of previous responding and is not independent of other electrodermal measures.
Early postpartum discharge.

In recent years, the widespread practice of early postpartum discharge has sparked a nationwide debate about the safety and cost effectiveness of shortened maternity stays. Patients, physicians, insurance companies, and legislators have all offered opinions on this subject. New state and federal
Axonal transport of macromolecules I. Protein migration in the central nervous system

Exp. Brain Res. 13, 127-134 (1971) ©by Springer-Verlag 1971 Axonal Transport of Macromolecules I. Protein Migration in the Central Nervous System STEPHEN c. BONDY Division of Neurology, University of Colorado Medical Center, Denver (USA) Received January 8, 1971 Summary. The avian visual system has been used to study the transport of proteins and their precursors along the optic tract. Various labeled compounds were injected into a single eye of new hatched chicks. The radioactivity of com- ponents in the optic lobe that was contralateral to, and innervated by, the injected eye was compared to radioactivity in the ipsilateral lobe, not innervated by the treated eye. Proteins migrating from the ganglion cells of the retina to the optic tectum seemed to be relatively stable and may be rich in praline and glycine. Microtubular protein migrated at a rate similar to nonmicrotubule soluble protein, and slower than particulate protein. With the exception of y-aminobutyric acid, transport of free amino acids occurred to only a minor extent. Following monocu- lar injection of tritiated fucose, a rapid asymmetry in the specific activities of protein from contralateral and ipsilateral lobes, was established. Thus the more rapidly migrating proteins may be attached to glycosidic residues. The carbohy- drate moeity of these glycoproteins is attached in the nerve cell body, prior to their axonal transport to the optic tectum. There was no evidence for transneuronal transfer of protein as in no cai;e was a differential in specific activity observed in labeled protein from paired cerebral hemispheres. Key Words: Axon flow - nerve Protein migration - Avain visual system - Optic Introduction The movement of materials along neuronal axons was first established by Weiss and Hiscoe (1948) and has since been well documented. More recently interest has focused especially on the axonal transport of proteins (Karlson and Sjostrand, 1968; McEwen and Grafstein, 1968; Kidwai and Ochs, 1969). A convenient model for such studies is the avian visual system where the optic nerves are totally decussated (Cowan, Adamson and Powell, 1961). Each optic tract of the bird supplies solely the contralateral optic lobe. Thus, after injection of radioactive precursor into a single eye, isotopically labeled compounds may migrate to the contralateral lobe. Any radioactivity appearing within the ipsi- lateral optic lobe must be due to blood-borne or diffused radioactive materials. Increased specific activity of the contralateral optic lobe over the paired ipsilateral lobe within a single animal must be attributed to a specific migratory process. (Taylor and Weiss, 1965; Elam and Agranoff, 1970). The ipsilateral lobe thus 9 Exp. Brain Res. Vol. 13
The Expression of P-Glycoprotein in Canine Lymphoma and Its Association with Multidrug Resistance

Canine lymphoma is a spontaneous, naturally occurring disease that is a model for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in humans. Chemotherapy with antineoplastics results in a high rate of remission; however, relapse and clinical drug resistance are usually seen within 8-10 months. The P-glycoprotein product of the mdr gene is thought to function as an ATP-driven membrane drug efflux pump and appears to play an important role in tumor cell resistance. To assess the role of mdr gene products in drug resistance in canine lymphoma, membrane preparations of lymphoma cells from 31 dogs with high- or intermediate-grade lymphoma were subjected to Western blotting for detection of P-glycoprotein. In this study, one of 30 samples taken from dogs prior to receiving chemotherapy expressed detectable levels of P-glycoprotein. P-glycoprotein was also detected in biopsy samples from 3 of 8 dogs that had become resistant to chemotherapy. This pattern of expression is similar to that in human non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. These studies suggest that canine lymphoma is a useful model for studying multidrug resistance.
A Review of Parent Training in Child Interventions: Applications to Cognitive–Behavioral Therapy for Children with High-Functioning Autism

The number of individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) diagnoses is increasing rapidly, indicating a need for multi-faceted interventions. The addition of a parent training component to cognitive–behavioral therapy (CBT) has been effectively used to treat a variety of psychological disorders in children to support generalization of skills and to reduce the burden of intensive therapy by using parents as co-therapists. We review these treatments as applied to childhood anxiety, oppositional/conduct, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity problems, as well as ASD-specific treatments that combine CBT with a parent component. The Stress and Anger Management Program, a 9-week emotion regulation treatment for school-aged children with high-functioning ASD, is described here as one example of a group CBT intervention that includes parent training.
A New Classification Scheme for Spinal Vascular Abnormalities based on Angiographic Features

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE To determine the interobserver reliability of a newly proposed classification scheme for angiographic classification of spinal vascular malformations including arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) and arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). METHOD A study was performed done in which 1–2 representative angiographic images of 26 spinal AVFs and/or AVMs were independently classified by five fellows in the ACGME accredited Endovascular Surgical Neuroradiology (ESN) program and two external interventionalists in the absence of any other clinical or imaging data. From these observations the interobserver reliability for each category and the overall scheme were determined in terms of the median weighted kappa statistic. RESULTS The overall interobserver reliability for the new classification scheme was a Kappa of 0.53 (Z= 21.3, P= <.0001) among the seven raters. The Kappa for individual grades was as follows: grade I (k= 0.66), grade II (k= 0.50), grade III (k= 0.44), and grade IV (k= 0.58). Three or more raters agreed on 100% of the cases. The interobserver reliability was high among the two practicing interventionalist raters (k= 0.55, 95% confidence interval 0.3–0.8). The interobserver reliability remained high among junior ESN fellows (k= 0.65). CONCLUSION The new classification scheme provided satisfactory reliability even in the hands of less experienced observers. The scheme can be used with minimal training and other concurrent data and can be relied upon to provide consistent results.
Phenotypic Variation and Systemic Cancer in the FAMMM Syndrome

Familial atypical multiple mole melanoma (FAMMM) syndrome, a cancer-associated genodermatosis, is a dominantly inherited heterogeneous disorder with variable expressivity of both its cutaneous and cancer phenotypes. By using a verified historical review technique of cancer documentation (idout patient health records, pathology reports/slides, autopsy reports/slides, and death certificates) of all anatomic sites in all members of a modified nuclear pedigree (first-degree relatives plus maternal and paternal grandparents, aunts, and uncles) over several generations, we showed that the FAMMM syndrome is similar to the majority of autosomal dominant inherited cancer-associated genodermatoses and has excessive risk for cancer of multiple anatomic sites. With respect to the FAMMM syndrome, these cancers involved the breast, respiratory tract, gastrointestinal system, the eye (intraocular melanoma), and the lymphatic system. These FAMMM pedigrees showed some of the following distinctive characteristics of hereditary cancer: 1) integral patterns of cancer within and between pedigrees; 2) early age of onset of cancer; 3) prolonged survival of some pedigree members with cancer; and 4) an excess of multiple primary melanomas and cancers of variable anatomic sites. The presence of these features indicates that these cancers of variable anatomic sites may be etiologically associated with the FAMMM syndrome. Heterogeneity should be investigated in FAMMM pedigrees with attention to consistent differences in size and distribution of atypical lesions, age at cancer onset, and pattern of tumor occurrences. The occurrence of FAMMM pedigrees in the general population or among pedigrees of probands with atypical nevi is not known. The occurrence of systemic cancers in these FAMMM pedigrees requires the development of cancer surveillance programs that are specifically modified to the particular cancer pattern of each pedigree.
Synthesis and Characterization of an Iron(IV) Ketimide Complex

Addition of 4 equiv of LiN═CtBu2 to FeCl2 in Et2O/THF results in the formation of [Li(THF)]2[Fe(N═CtBu2)4] (1). Oxidation of 1 with 0.5 equiv of I2 in Et2O/DME yields [Li(DME)][Fe(N═CtBu2)4] (2) in moderate yield. Both 1 and 2 are high spin and exhibit tetrahedral geometries in the solid state. Oxidation of 1 with 1 equiv of I2 in Et2O yields Fe(N═CtBu2)4 (3) in good yield. Surprisingly, complex 3 exhibits a diamagnetic ground state and a nearly square planar geometry about the Fe center.
Steroid hormone receptors and disease: breast cancer.

Breast cancer remains the leading cause of cancer mortality in women. 90000 new cases are diagnosed annually and 30000 deaths occur annually from breast cancer. The use of cytoplasmic estrogen receptor (ER) to aid in the selection of suitable patients with advanced breast cancer for endocrine therapy is described. A study with 145 breast cancer patients showed that irrespective of age nodal status size of the tumor or location of the tumor in the breast patients with ER- tumors recurred earlier than ER+ patients. Certain trials with adjuvant chemotherapy showed a delay in recurrence only in premenopausal women. It is concluded that women with ER- tumors would be most responsive to chemotherapy. Thus it is concluded that ER status rather than menopausal status is most significant for classification of the virulence of the breast cancer. The response rate to endocrime therapy is positively associated with the level of ER in the tumor. Therefore patients with low ER values are ideal candidates for chemotherapy since endocrine therapy will not be effective. Studies are now being conducted with progesterone receptors (PgR) and breast cancer. Patients with both PgR and ER present in the tumor will have the highest response rates to endocrine therapy. It is not known at this time whether PgR is a separate indicator of therapy responsiveness or whether it merely performs the same informative function as ER. Further research is necessary.
Evaluating anisotropic properties in the porcine temporomandibular joint disc using nanoindentation.

The objective of this study was to determine the viscoelastic properties present within the intermediate zone of the porcine temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disc using nanoindentation. A 50-μm conospherical indenter tip using a displacement-controlled ramp function with a 600 nm/s loading and unloading rate, a 3000-nm peak displacement with a holding period of 30 s was used to indent the samples. Experimental load-relaxation tests were performed on the TMJ disc to determine the response in three different directions; the mediolateral, anteroposterior, and articular surface directions. The experimental data were analyzed using a generalized Maxwell model to obtain values for short- and long-time relaxation modulus and of material time constants. The short time relaxation modulus E I values were 180.92, 64.99, and 487.77 kPa for testing done on the articular surface, mediolateral, and anteroposterior directions, respectively. Corresponding values for the long-time relaxation modulus E ∞ were 45.9, 14.97, and 133.5 kPa. The method confirmed anisotropy present within the central intermediate zone of the porcine TMJ disc due to the directional orientation of the collagen fibers.
Silicon single photon imaging detectors

Single-photon imaging detectors promise the ultimate in sensitivity by eliminating read noise. These devices could provide extraordinary benefits for photon-starved applications, e.g., imaging exoplanets, fast wavefront sensing, and probing the human body through transluminescence. Recent implementations are often in the form of sparse arrays that have less-than-unity fill factor. For imaging, fill factor is typically enhanced by using microlenses, at the expense of photometric and spatial information loss near the edges and corners of the pixels. Other challenges include afterpulsing and the potential for photon self-retriggering. Both effects produce spurious signal that can degrade the signal-to-noise ratio. This paper reviews development and potential application of single-photon-counting detectors, including highlights of initiatives in the Center for Detectors at the Rochester Institute of Technology and MIT Lincoln Laboratory. Current projects include single-photon-counting imaging detectors for the Thirty Meter Telescope, a future NASA terrestrial exoplanet mission, and imaging LIDAR detectors for planetary and Earth science space missions.
Quality control of HIV cultures in a clinical retrovirology laboratory

Abstract The culture of primary HIV isolates requires fresh phytohemagglutinin (PHA) stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from seronegative donors. The variation inherent in donor cells, obtained from many different individuals, might affect the likelihood of virus isolation. We developed a quality control (QC) procedure which could determine quantitatively the susceptibility of random donor cells to HIV infection. The QC reagents consisted of cells and supernatants infected with a syncytium-inducing clinical isolate of HIV. Six 5-fold dilutions of QC cells (starting at 1000 cells) and supernatant (starting at a 1:200 dilution) were cultured in parallel with 1 × 10 6 2–3-day-old PHA stimulated donor cells. After 7 or 14 days the resulting culture supernatant was tested for syncytia formation with MT-2 cells. A total of 127 sequential donors were tested over an 11 month period. All but one donor PBMC preparation was capable of being infected by the QC reagents (and this particular donor was permissive for several other primary isolates). The standard variation observed among all cultures was about one 5-fold dilution. The coefficient of variation ranged from 10.7 to 17.3%. These results suggest that the mononuclear cells from most, if not all, individuals are permissive for HIV to approximately the same level. Other quality control measures used in the laboratory are described.
The effect of eating out on quality of diet in premenopausal women.

Abstract Objective To compare the intake of women who report varying levels of frequency of consuming food at commercial facilities outside the home. Design A 1-week descriptive study of dietary intake in women. Subjects completed daily diet records that included information regarding the source of the food eaten at each meal or snack. The sample was divided on the basis of the number of meals each subject reported obtaining from a commercial establishment outside the home. Of the 129 subjects, 56% (n=72) reported eating out 5 times or less during the week of recording (Low Eating Out group) and the remainder (n=57) reported eating out between 6 and 13 times (High Eating Out group). Subjects/setting One hundred twenty-nine premenopausal women were recruited via community advertising for an investigation of health habits. This study was conducted in a midsouthern US city. Statistical analyses performed Results were analyzed using independent sample t tests and χ 2 tests. Results Mean intake was compared for the groups. The High Eating Out group was found to be consuming significantly more total energy (2,057kcal vs 1,769kcal; P =.002), fat (79.5g vs 60.6 g; P P =.043) and marginally more carbohydrate (261.5g vs 234.6g; P =.055) and protein (71.5g vs 65.4g; P =.066). Total fiber or calcium intake did not differ between the groups. Conclusions Our study demonstrates that women who report eating out a greater number of times per week report more total energy intake as well as higher fat and sodium intakes. However, the High Eating Out group did not consume significantly more fiber or calcium in the extra energy consumed. J Am Diet Assoc. 1999;99:442-444 .
A Fast Butterfly Algorithm for the Hyperbolic Radon Transform

We introduce a fast butterfly algorithm for the hyperbolic Radon transform commonly used in seismic data processing. For two-dimensional data, the algorithm runs in complexity O(N2 logN), where N is representative of the number of points in either dimension of data space or model space. Using a series of examples, we show that the proposed algorithm is significantly more efficient than conventional integration.
Vasodilator therapy of cardiac failure: (first of two parts).

(First of Two Parts)* THE symptoms of cardiac failure are related to some combination of circulatory congestion (often referred to as "backward failure") and low cardiac output ("forward failure"). In simple pump-function terms these symptoms indicate that the heart is performing on a depressed Frank-Starling curve relating stroke volume (or cardiac output or stroke work) to ventricular diastolic filling (pressure or volume) (Fig. 1). Therapy for cardiac failure has traditionally involved the administration of an inotropic drug to increase the contractile force of the heart and the administration of a diuretic to increase the renal excretion of salt and water. . . .
JunB as a downstream mediator of PTHrP actions in cementoblasts

The role of AP-1 family members in the action of PTHrP was examined in cementoblasts. PTHrP increased mRNA and protein levels of all Fos members, but only one Jun member (JunB) was increased. Overexpression of JunB in cementoblasts mimicked actions of PTHrP to support osteoclastogenesis and inhibit cementoblast differentiation, suggesting that the actions of PTHrP on mesenchymal cells operate through JunB. Introduction: Cementoblasts are mesenchymal cells that share phenotypic features with osteoblasts in vitro; however, unlike osteoblasts, cementoblasts rarely support osteoclastogenesis in vivo. The osteoblast-mediated support of osteoclastogenesis involves PTH-induced reduction in osteoprotegerin (OPG) expression. PTH acts on osteoblastic cells through specific signaling pathways and transcription factors such as activator protein 1 (AP-1). The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of PTH-related protein (PTHrP) on AP-1 transcription factors in cementoblasts and the role of JunB in the actions of PTHrP. Materials and Methods: Cementoblastic cells were treated with PTHrP and evaluated for mRNA and protein levels of AP-1 family members. Stable transfectants of OCCM cells overexpressing JunB were evaluated for OPG production, ability to support osteoclastogenesis, and measures of proliferation and differentiation. Results: PTHrP treatment in vitro resulted in a time-dependent upregulation of mRNA and proteins for the Fos family members, but only JunB of the Jun family. OPG mRNA and protein levels were reduced by PTHrP in OCCM and were lower in JunB overexpressing cells than controls. In co-culture experiments, TRACP+ cells were increased with RANKL treatment in JunB overexpressing cells compared with controls. Cementoblast differentiation was reduced with overexpression of JunB as measured by a decrease in mineralized nodule formation and gene expression for bone sialoprotein and osterix. Measures of proliferation including cell number and cyclin D1 levels were increased in JunB overexpressing clones. In vivo, cementoblast implants exhibited a cementoblastoid nature with copious mineral-like matrix, whereas JunB-overexpressing implants were densely cellular with little mineralized matrix. Conclusions: JunB was the only Jun family member increased by PTHrP, and its overexpression showed similar patterns of gene expression and OPG production as PTHrP treatment of controls. These data suggest that JunB may be a key mediator of PTHrP actions in cementoblasts.
Optimizing the customized residency plan.

Residents and residency program directors (RPDs) understand that the goal of the residency year is to earn a residency certificate through achievement of established goals and objectives. The customized residency plan provides a map for the resident and RPD to follow throughout the course of the residency year, helping to keep everyone on track to accomplish the established goals and objectives of the program. It also provides information that allows preceptors to take the individual resident’s plan into consideration when customizing a learning experience. This article will focus on the process for developing a customized residency plan and implementing it over the course of the residency year.
Abstract 3281: Functional characterization of a fusion angioinhibitor molecule “Combostatin”

Proceedings: AACR 102nd Annual Meeting 2011‐‐ Apr 2‐6, 2011; Orlando, FL Angiogenesis, a process of new blood vessel formation is observed during pathological and physiological conditions, can be controlled by circulating endogenous angioinhibitory molecules derived from non-collagenous domains of type IV and type XVIII collagen. In the present study we developed a fusion protein (Combostatin) from functional domains of three known endogenous angioinhibitors [α1(IV)NC1 (arresten), α3(IV)NC1 (tumstatin) and type XVIII collagen (endostatin)] using recombinant DNA technology and expressed using Baculovirus expression system. We then tested the angioinhibitory functions of Combostatin in-vitro using cellular proliferation, invasion, migration and tube formation assays. Combostatin was found to inhibit endothelial cell proliferation and invasion in a dose dependent manner, similar to its parent molecules. Interestingly, inhibition of endothelial migration and tube formation by Combostatin was significantly higher compared to its parent molecules. In addition Combostatin binds to different cell surface integrins and inhibits multiple signaling pathways. Taken together, our studies identify that Combostatin is a more potent angioinhibitor molecule compared to its parent molecules. Our results support earlier studies that showed multiple angioinhibitors which are promising candidates with clinical importance compared to single inhibitor molecules. Further pre-clinical validation of Combostatin is essential to characterize its use in the treatment of vascular diseases including cancer, diabetic retinopathy etc. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3281. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3281
Software copyright and role models

Our words, ideas, and behavior profoundly influence our children and students to do good and not so good when using technology.
Correlates of negative attitudes toward homosexuals in heterosexual college students

Negative attitudes toward homosexuals were assessed in 103 heterosexual college students. On the average, 17% of the sample agreed or strongly agreed with each of 40 negative statements about homosexuals. Cronbach's alpha and a principal components analysis indicated that the attitude scale was unidimensional. Methodological improvements were made in the assessment of the correlates of negative attitudes toward homosexuals. Such attitudes were inversely related to age, academic performance, and the use of principled moral reasoning. They were positively related to traditional attitudes toward men, women, and the equality of men and women. Compared to females, males' attitudes toward homosexuals were more negative, and their attitudes toward men, women, and the equality of men and women were more traditional. However, the correlates of negative attitudes toward homosexuals were similar for males and for females. It was concluded that negative attitudes toward homosexuals are part of a larger belief system regarding conventional social order.
Kinetic isotope effects and tunneling in CH bond activation of ethylene and ethylidyne on Pt(111)

The importance of tunneling in the dehydrogenation of ethylene on Pt(111) was assessed with temperature programmed reaction spectroscopy. Rate constants for hydrogen (deuterium) evolution during the formation and decomposition of ethylidyne were quantified, and the kinetic isotope effects measured. At low ethylene coverage hydrogen is evolved in a desorption-limited step near 340 K. At higher coverage a first-order process gives rise to ethylidyne formation near 300 K with rate constants of 3 × 1016 exp(− 22.4(kcal/mol)/RT) s−1 and 2 × 1016 exp(−23.0(kcal/mol)/RT) s−1 for C2H4 and C2D4, respectively, yielding a normal kinetic isotope effect of 4.0 at 300 K. The rate constants for rate-limiting C-H(D) bond activation in CCH3 and CCD3 are 2.9 × 1016 exp(−37.3(kcal/mol)/RT) s−1 and 1 × 1016 exp(−37.8(kcal/mol)/RT) s−1, respectively, giving a kinetic isotope effect of 3.1 at 300 K. All of the criteria normally applied to judge the importance of tunneling indicate that tunneling is unimportant for these reactions.
Demonstration of a liquid-crystal adaptive alignment tweeker for high-speed infrared band fiber-fed free-space systems

Today, thanks to the fiber telecommunications industry, high-performance digital fiber optic components such as infrared (at both 1310 and 1550 nm) high-speed (e.g., several gigabits per second) fiber optic transmitter and receiver modules are commercially available.
High Energy Gamma Ray Satellite Experiment

In order to locate possible discrete sources of high energy cosmic rays as well as to gain information related to cosmic ray origins, a detector of 100 to 1000 Mev gamma rays was constructed for inclusion in the NASA Orbiting Solar Observatory, Satellite S-17. Both direction and energy are determined by a Cerenkov coincidence arrangement together with a total absorption lead glass Cerenkov counter. Solid state pulsed light sources will be used to provide calibration during flight.
Phase I-II Study of Bendamustine in Patients With Acute Leukemia and High Risk Myelodysplastic Syndrome

Abstract Background Alkylating agents have shown activity in leukemia. Bendamustine, an active alkylating agent in lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia, was given in a fractionated twice daily schedule for 4 days to patients with acute leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) to define the dose-limiting toxicities (DLT) and maximum tolerated dose (MTD). Patients and Methods Adults with refractory acute leukemia or high-risk MDS were treated with bendamustine at a starting dose of 50 mg/m 2 IV over 1-2 hours twice daily for 4 days. Dose escalations were by 25 mg/m 2 in the 1st 3 levels. The study used the 3 + 3 design. Results A total of 25 patients were treated. Their median age was 57 years; the median salvage number was 3. Grade 2 creatinine elevations were observed in 1 of 6 patients at the 50 mg/m 2 dose, in 2 of 13 patients at the 75 mg/m 2 dose, and in 3 of 6 patients at the 100 mg/m 2 dose. This was considered significant, even though DLT was not reached. One patient achieved marrow complete remission. Significant reductions of marrow blasts (50% or more) were observed in 6 of 25 patients (24%). Conclusion Bendamustine fractionated dose level of 100 mg/m 2 IV twice daily for 4 days (800 mg/m 2 per course) was associated with Grade 2 renal toxicity. The proposed phase II schedule is 75 mg/m 2 IV twice daily for 4 days. Future studies should evaluate this schedule in less heavily treated patients.
The Anderson intramolecular potential-energy function—I. Application to SO2, NO2 and O3

Abstract Anderson has recently proposed a very simple anharmonic potential-energy function which appears to model successfully the general quartic force field of linear triatomic molecules. This potential function may be extended to bent triatomics and eventually to larger molecules. In the form appropriate for symmetric bent triatomics the potential energy contains two adjustable parameters and these have been determined for SO2, NO2 and O3 by least-squares adjustment to the spectroscopic data. The force fields so determined have been examined and compared with previous estimates of the force fields of these molecules.
Losartan reduced stroke and new onset diabetes more than atenolol in essential hypertension with signs of left ventricular hypertrophy.

(2002) Lancet 359, 995; Dahlof B, Devereux RB, Kjeldsen SE, et al. . Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction in hypertension study (LIFE): a randomised trial against atenolol. . Mar 23; . : . –1003 . [OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2][PubMed][3][Web of Science][4] QUESTION: In patients with essential hypertension and signs of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), is losartan based treatment more effective than atenolol based treatment? Randomised (unclear allocation concealment), blinded (patients and monitoring committee), controlled trial with ≥4 years of follow up. Multicentre trial in Europe and the US. 9222 patients 55–80 years of age (mean age 67 y, 54% women) with hypertension (sitting blood pressure [BP] of 160–200 mm Hg systolic, 95–115 mm Hg diastolic, or both after 1–2 wks of placebo) and electrocardiographic signs of LVH. Exclusion criteria included secondary hypertension; myocardial infarction (MI) or stroke within the previous 6 months; angina pectoris requiring treatment with β blockers or calcium antagonists; and heart failure or left ventricular ejection fraction ≤40%. Follow up was 99%. Patients … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DLancet%26rft.stitle%253DLancet%26rft.aulast%253DDahl%25C3%25B6f%26rft.auinit1%253DB.%26rft.volume%253D359%26rft.issue%253D9311%26rft.spage%253D995%26rft.epage%253D1003%26rft.atitle%253DCardiovascular%2Bmorbidity%2Band%2Bmortality%2Bin%2Bthe%2BLosartan%2BIntervention%2BFor%2BEndpoint%2Breduction%2Bin%2Bhypertension%2Bstudy%2B%2528LIFE%2529%253A%2Ba%2Brandomised%2Btrial%2Bagainst%2Batenolol.%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1016%252FS0140-6736%252802%252908089-3%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F11937178%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1016/S0140-6736(02)08089-3&link_type=DOI [3]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=11937178&link_type=MED&atom=%2Febnurs%2F5%2F4%2F112.atom [4]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=000174585800005&link_type=ISI