cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Widow Pratt’s Possessions: Individuality and Georgianization in Newport, Rhode Island

The widow and shopkeeper Elizabeth Pratt lived in Newport, Rhode Island, during the first half of the eighteenth century, as Newport grew from a minor port to a commercial and cultural center (Fig. 1). Pratt was one of many entrepreneurial traders in the town. During the 1720s and 1730s, her store of goods included finished clothing, accessories, at least 16 types of coarse and fine textiles, and comestibles such as chocolate, sugar, pepper, butter, and coffee. Pratt sometimes rented a shop for her goods. She also likely sold items from her small house on Spring Street. Pratt lived there from 1723 through at least 1739, probably through 1749. This small lot, now known as the “Wood Lot,” is part of the Wanton-Lyman-Hazard historic site, which is owned and maintained by the Newport Historical Society. The existence of Widow Pratt and her household was forgotten until recent archaeological excavations (Hodge, 2007).
Reconsolidation-Extinction Interactions in Fear Memory Attenuation: The Role of Inter-Trial Interval Variability.

Fear extinction typically results in the formation of a new inhibitory memory that suppresses the original conditioned response. Evidence also suggests that extinction training during a retrieval-induced labile period results in integration of the extinction memory into the original fear memory, rendering the fear memory less susceptible to reinstatement. Here we investigated the parameters by which the retrieval-extinction paradigm was most effective in memory updating. Specifically, we manipulated the inter-trial intervals between conditional stimulus (CS) presentations during extinction, examining how having interval lengths with different degrees of variability affected the strength of memory updating. We showed that randomizing the inter-trial interval of CS presentations during extinction led to less return of fear via reinstatement than extinction with a fixed inter-trial interval. Subjects who received variable inter-trial intervals during extinction also showed higher freezing during the inter-trial interval, indicating that the randomization of CS presentations led to a higher general reactivity during extinction, which may be one potential mechanism for memory updating.
Newer-Generation HSP90 Inhibitors Have Potent Activity Against Human Mantle Cell Lymphoma in Vitro and in Vivo

Abstract 1651 Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is associated with particularly poor outcome, with long-term survival achieved in less than 40% of patients. In addition to the characteristic t(11;14) that results in overexpression of cyclin D1, a variety of other molecular pathways are dysregulated in MCL. Cyclin D1 is a known client of heat shock protein 90 (HSP90), suggesting that inhibitors of HSP90 may destabilize cyclin D1 and have activity in this disease. Yet, first-generation HSP90 inhibitors such as 17-AAG generally lack potency in MCL cell lines. We assessed the pre-clinical activity of second- (NVP-AUY922, PU-H71) and third-generation (NVP-HSP990) HSP90 inhibitors, which have greater potency and superior in vivo pharmacokinetics, in the MCL cell lines Granta519, JeKo1, MAVER1, Rec1, and Z-138. To define the genetics of these lines, we utilized an exon-capture followed by next-generation sequencing approach to identify single nucleotide variants and insertions/deletions across the entire coding sequence of 197 genes known to be recurrently altered in lymphoid malignancies. Sequencing to a median depth of coverage∼400 recovered alterations previously described in MCL (e.g. in ATM, RB1, TP53, NOTCH1) as well as variants in genes that have not previously been associated with MCL (e.g. in MLL2, KDM6A, FLT3, IKZF3, JAK3, RFXAP). Dose response curves of these cell lines treated with structurally diverse HSP90 inhibitors showed 10–100-fold greater potency for NVP-AUY922 (IC50, 3–11 nM), NVP-HSP990 (IC50, 5–24 nM) and PU-H71 (IC50, 40–287 nM), compared with 17-AAG (IC50, 29–1503 nM). In vitro exposure of all lines to 50 nM AUY922 resulted in G0/G1 cell cycle arrest within 6–8 hrs followed by apoptosis within 24–72 hours. Immunoblotting after exposure to AUY922 demonstrated rapid reductions in HSP90 client proteins, including cyclin D1, CDK4 and AKT, in all lines as well as accumulation of HSP70 in all lines except REC1, which harbors an HSP70 locus deletion. Cell killing by AUY922 (based on Annexin V/PI flow cytometry, caspase 3/7 activation and PARP cleavage) varied between cell lines, with Granta519 being the most sensitive (>50% cell death after 24 hr exposure) and Rec1 being the least sensitive ( Disclosures: Weinstock:Novartis: Consultancy, Research Funding.
Efficient Mercury Capture Using Functionalized Porous Organic Polymer

The primary challenge in materials design and synthesis is achieving the balance between performance and economy for real-world application. This issue is addressed by creating a thiol functionalized porous organic polymer (POP) using simple free radical polymerization techniques to prepare a cost-effective material with a high density of chelating sites designed for mercury capture and therefore environmental remediation. The resulting POP is able to remove aqueous and airborne mercury with uptake capacities of 1216 and 630 mg g-1 , respectively. The material demonstrates rapid kinetics, capable of dropping the mercury concentration from 5 ppm to 1 ppb, lower than the US Environmental Protection Agency's drinking water limit (2 ppb), within 10 min. Furthermore, the material has the added benefits of recyclability, stability in a broad pH range, and selectivity for toxic metals. These results are attributed to the material's physical properties, which include hierarchical porosity, a high density of chelating sites, and the material's robustness, which improve the thiol availability to bind with mercury as determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray absorption fine structure studies. The work provides promising results for POPs as an economical material for multiple environmental remediation applications.
‘A Woman of Strange, Unfathomable Presence’: Ida Platt's Lived Experience of Race, Gender, and Law, 1863-1939

In 1894, Ida Platt became the first African-American woman lawyer in Illinois. She was one of only five black women lawyers in the country and the only one able to maintain a law practice. Throughout her thirty-three year career, Platt served as head of her household, providing for her mother and sisters, without marrying or having children. She accomplished these feats by employing a fluid racial identity, passing as white in her professional life, and by avoiding the dominant gender roles that excluded women from the masculine legal profession. In 1927, at the age of sixty-four, Ida Platt retired, married Walter Burke, a white man, and moved to England. Twelve years later, Ida Burke died. As is the practice in England, there was no race designation on her death certificate. Platt’s choice to employ a fluid racial identity allowed her to pursue her career as a lawyer amidst a racist and sexist society that particularly discriminated against black women. She entered the law when Jim Crow was taking root, race lines were hardening, and elite, white, male lawyers were intensifying their opposition to women’s rise within the profession. Platt’s life and career offer insights into how law and the legal profession responded to the complexities of race and tender a new story of the lived experience of race as it intersects with gender. It suggests that Platt’s pragmatic strategy of changing her racial identity both contested and shaped the ways in which race, gender, and identity were constructed and represented in American society, as it exposed both the rigidity and permeability of these constructions.
Abstract 107: Quality Of Care In Heart Failure Patients Hospitalized For Any Cause

Background: Hospital quality performance measures for heart failure (HF) target patients with a principal discharge diagnosis of HF. However, patients with chronic HF are commonly admitted for other causes and are recommended treatments such as angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors for left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction. The purpose of this study was to assess the quality of care for HF patients who are hospitalized for all causes. Methods: We conducted a community-wide surveillance of hospitalized patients with acute or chronic HF as part of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study from 2005-2009. HF diagnosis was validated by chart abstraction and adjudication by physician committee. We assessed rates of compliance for two available Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) inpatient quality measures: LV function assessment and discharge prescription for an ACE inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) for patient with LV systolic dysfunction; rates were compared for HF patients with a principal ICD-9 discharge diagnosis of HF and those with another principal discharge diagnosis. Cox proportional hazard models were used to assess the association of quality measures with post-discharge mortality. Results: Of 4,345 hospitalizations of HF patients, 39.6% carried a principal discharge diagnosis of HF. Individuals with a principal discharge diagnosis of HF had higher rates of LV function assessment (89.1% versus 82.5%, p Conclusions: Compared to individuals hospitalized with a principal diagnosis of heart failure, heart failure patients hospitalized for other causes are less likely to receive aspects of guideline recommended care. Quality initiatives may improve care and outcomes by targeting hospitalizations with both a principal and secondary HF diagnosis.
Synaptic Ribbon Active Zones in Cone Photoreceptors Operate Independently from One Another

Cone photoreceptors depolarize in darkness to release glutamate-laden synaptic vesicles. Essential to release is the synaptic ribbon, a structure that helps organize active zones by clustering vesicles near proteins that mediate exocytosis, including voltage-gated Ca2+ channels. Cone terminals have many ribbon-style active zones at which second-order neurons receive input. We asked whether there are functionally significant differences in local Ca2+ influx among ribbons in individual cones. We combined confocal Ca2+ imaging to measure Ca2+ influx at individual ribbons and patch clamp recordings to record whole-cell ICa in salamander cones. We found that the voltage for half-maximal activation (V50) of whole cell ICa in cones averaged -38.1 mV ± 3.05 mV (standard deviation [SD]), close to the cone membrane potential in darkness of ca. -40 mV. Ca2+ signals at individual ribbons varied in amplitude from one another and showed greater variability in V50 values than whole-cell ICa, suggesting that Ca2+ signals can differ significantly among ribbons within cones. After accounting for potential sources of technical variability in measurements of Ca2+ signals and for contributions from cone-to-cone differences in ICa, we found that the variability in V50 values for ribbon Ca2+ signals within individual cones showed a SD of 2.5 mV. Simulating local differences in Ca2+ channel activity at two ribbons by shifting the V50 value of ICa by ±2.5 mV (1 SD) about the mean suggests that when the membrane depolarizes to -40 mV, two ribbons could experience differences in Ca2+ influx of >45%. Further evidence that local Ca2+ changes at ribbons can be regulated independently was obtained in experiments showing that activation of inhibitory feedback from horizontal cells (HCs) to cones in paired recordings changed both amplitude and V50 of Ca2+ signals at individual ribbons. By varying the strength of synaptic output, differences in voltage dependence and amplitude of Ca2+ signals at individual ribbons shape the information transmitted from cones to downstream neurons in vision.
A redescription of Pterygosoma aegyptiaca Mostafa (Acari: Prostigmata: Pterygosomatidae), a little known ectoparasitic mite of spiny-tailed lizards (Squamata: Agamidae), with new morphological data for the Pterygosomatidae

The female of Pterygosoma aegyptiaca Mostafa, 1974 (Acariformes: Prostigmata: Pterygosomatidae) is redescribed. This species, previously known only from its type locality (Egypt) and type host ( Uromastyx sp.), is newly recorded from Sudan and from the ocellated spinytail, Uromastyx ocellata Lichtenstein. An unstriated area of idiosomal cuticle is proposed as a prodorsal shield, a character not previously attributed to the genus. Two pairs of idiosomal lyrifissures, ip and ih , are identified in Pterygosoma Peters, 1849, for the first time, as is a distal microseta (κ) on leg genu I. A dorsal structure observed near the base of the leg tarsi is considered to be a lyrifissure (= proprioceptor) and is newly recorded in the Pterygosomatidae. In the light of these new morphological observations and of character states described recently by other authors, amendments to the diagnosis and definition of adult Pterygosoma are proposed. Questions are raised about the conspecificity of presumed syntypes of P . persicum Hirst, 1917, and of specimens of P . tuberculata Jack, 1962a, identified by its author. The number of idiosomal lyrifissures present in Geckobiella diolii (Baker, 1998) (new combination for Hirstiella diolii by Paredes-Leon et al . (2012)) is corrected from four to two.
An Application of Enhanced Knowledge Models to Fuzzy Time Series

Knowledge is usually employed by domain experts to solve domain-specific problems. Huarng was the first to embed knowledge into forecasting fuzzy time series (2001). His model involved simple calculations and offers better prediction results once more supporting information has been supplied. On the other hand, Chen first proposed a high-order fuzzy time series model to overcome the drawback of existing fuzzy first-order forecasting models. Chen’s model involved limited computing and came with higher accuracy than some other models. For this reason, the study is focused on these two types of models. The first model proposed here, which is referred to as a weighted model, aims to overcome the deficiency of the Huarng’s model. Second, we propose another fuzzy time series model, called knowledge based high-order time series model, to deal with forecasting problems. This model aims to overcome the deficiency of the Chen’s model, which depends strongly on highest-order fuzzy time series to eliminate ambiguities at forecasting and requires a vast memory for data storage. Experimental study of enrollment of University Alabama and the forecasting of a future’s index show that the proposed models reflect fluctuations in fuzzy time series and provide forecast results that are more accurate than the ones obtained when using the to two referenced models.
Neurodegeneration and Aging of the Central Nervous System

Abstract As our understanding of the causes of aging and degeneration of the central nervous system grows, a clearer picture of the dynamic process evolves. An overwhelming body of scientific evidence indicates that neurodegeneration develops as a result of a lifetime of free radical cellular insults, triggered by excitatory amino acids. This basic process alters the functioning of neurons and neuroglial cells resulting in impaired energy production, loss of membrane fluidity, receptor decay, protein oxidation and DNA injury, both mitochondrial and nuclear. As the process evolves, the microglial immune system responds by attacking the altered membrane antigens. This autoimmune phase of the disorder terminates in eventual widespread neuronal death. This paper synthesizes what we know about these destructive processes, while offering insight into a new avenue of treatment involving phytochemicals and other nutrients.
Proximal Risk Factors for ACL Injury: Role of the Hip Joint and Musculature

This chapter summarizes the role of the hip for potentially injurious knee loading and noncontact ACL injuries. Anatomical factors of the hip and knee are discussed with regard to their interdependence during functional activities. The influence of hip mechanics on knee potentially injurious knee loading during functional tasks is described. The biomechanical factors of the hip joint that are associated with stiff landing and cutting strategies (that contribute to greater knee loading) are described. Neuromuscular and muscular contributions to altered hip mechanics leading to ACL injuries are considered.
LL-06 Provider perceptions on the management of lupus during pregnancy: barriers to improved care

Background More than half of pregnancies in women with systemic lupus erythematosus (lupus) result in adverse outcomes for both mother and fetus. As demonstrated in the PROMISSE study, pregnancies managed by experts can have outcomes similar to the general population. However, many women with lupus do not receive this level of care and suffer complications at higher rates. We sought to identify aspects of current community rheumatologic care that could be improved to decrease the frequency of poor outcomes. Methods Focus groups with clinical rheumatologists were held at state rheumatology conferences in North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and Northern California. The interview guide was based on the PRECEDE/PROCEED framework, seeking factors that predisposed, reinforced, and enabled physician practice patterns. Focus groups were recorded, transcribed, and coded to identify the elements of this framework. A group of women with lupus on their reproductive journey contributed to our understanding of the dilemmas and care provided. Results Medically ill-timed pregnancies and medication non-adherence during pregnancy were identified by the rheumatologists as the 2 key dilemmas in care. We identified several communication gaps as a key modifiable barrier to optimal management: 1) the approach to physician/patient communication was often ill-suited to the sensitive discussion about pregnancy planning; 2) the communication of treatment plans was often hampered by gaps in knowledge and confidence in data, encouraging non-adherence among nervous patients; and 3) local rheumatologists and OB/GYN frequently did not communicate, leading to varying treatment plans and confusion for patients. The key predisposing factors that impaired care included gaps in knowledge and skills in discussing pregnancy planning and management, as well as clinic time for repeated discussions. Reinforcing factors that influenced care included local treatment factors and concerns over legal consequences. Factors that could enable improved care included access to an expert or guidelines, clinical reminders, and patient handouts. Conclusions Our goal is to ensure that all women with lupus across the country receive expert-level care for pregnancy planning and management by elevating the care received from community rheumatologists. This study demonstrated the importance of communication skills, knowledge, and cohesive plans between community physicians in reaching this goal. We are currently developing HOP-STEP (Healthy Outcomes for Pregnancies in SLE Through Educating Providers and Patients), a multifaceted implementation project to enable women with lupus and their rheumatologists to have honest and accurate conversations about pregnancy planning and management. Acknowledgements The Duke Autoimmunity in Pregnancy Patient Advisors and Collaborators contributed to this abstract.
Simulation Results of a Linear Format CFA using a Modulated Cathode

Current crossed-field amplifiers (CFAs) use a uniformly distributed electron source, and in this work, the effects of using a spatially and temporally controlled electron source are simulated and studied. Using the PIC simulation VSim, a linear format CFA built at Northeastern University (NU) in 1991 was modeled. The NU CFA operated at 150 MHz, with 10 W of RF input power, and typically 150 mA of injected beam current. The electrically short device (6 slow wave wavelengths long) achieved 6 dB of gain. The Vsim model was validated against the experimental results. To increase the effectiveness of a distributed cathode, an electrically longer version (9 wavelengths) was simulated and compared with the injected beam configuration. A new electron injection method was developed using a divergence-free region to model the distributed cathode computationally efficiently, where the emitted electron energy can be controlled separately from the sole potential. Static electron emission profiles showed no improvement over the injected beam model but it was found that the temporal modulation could improve the small-signal-gain from 13 dB for an unmodulated source to 25 dB with an injected current of 150 mA and 0.1 W of RF drive power. Because of the additional RF drive power required by the GFEA, this improvement is only likely to be observed for higher power devices $( \gt 10$ kW). For larger RF drive powers, the improvements to gain become much smaller, but the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) using the modulated cathode was consistently at least 15 dB higher than the SNR of the unmodulated cathode. It is proposed here that improvements to maximum power in higher power devices are likely, due to the inherent modelocking mechanism of the modulated cathode, but this still needs to be confirmed.
Abdominal Compartment Syndrome and the Open Abdomen

Abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS), defined as the presence of intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH) and associated end-organ dysfunction, is a relatively common clinical entity encountered during the management of critically ill surgical patients. The significant derangements in both anatomy and physiology expressed in severely injured or ill surgical patients place them at an increased risk for IAH. Unrecognized IAH and ACS can rapidly progress to fulminant organ failure and death, and recognition of the physiologic manifestations of this process, along with relatively newly developed methods of dealing with complex abdominal wounds, has led to remarkable advances in the care of the most critically ill surgical patients. The incidence of ACS has decreased in recent years due to a number of different reasons, including prompt recognition and invasive and minimally invasive intervention, along with the practice of leaving the abdomen open after exploration. Leaving abdominal wounds open as a management strategy for either treating or avoiding IAH and ACS has been associated with decreased mortality when applied appropriately. However, open abdominal wounds themselves present innate challenges in the care of these complex surgical patients, and effective management often requires the clinician to integrate dynamic changes in both physiology and anatomy simultaneously to achieve optimal outcomes. This chapter will review the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of ACS in the emergency general surgery patient as well as management of the open abdomen.
Oral History Collections. Web portal created and maintained by the Brooklyn Historical Society, www.brooklynhistory.org/library/oralhistory.

It has been said that one in seven Americans can trace their roots back to Brooklyn. Today, with more than 2.6 million citizens from an estimated 150 countries, Brooklyn is New York City’s largest,...
Impact of Composting Food Waste with Green Waste on Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Compost Windrows

Windrow composting of green waste as an alternative to green waste disposal in landfills requires an understanding of the impacts on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and the development of effective and efficient management strategies to reduce these emissions. The addition of food waste to green waste compost operations is becoming more common, but its effect on GHG emissions is less understood. As more food waste diversion occurs as a result of recent implementation of climate smart policies in California, more information is needed to address the sustainability of composting different combinations of waste types. We monitored GHG emissions from compost windrows comprised of green waste alone and a green/food waste mixture (green waste : food waste = 9:1, by wet weight) at the University of California, Davis Student Farm in 2016 using a modified, open, flow-through chamber technique. When comparing total emissions of nitrous oxide (N₂O) and methane (CH₄), the green/food waste mixture produced 110 kg CO₂ eq./ton DM (dry matter, std error = 12.2), which were slightly lower than emissions produced by the green waste alone (152 kg CO₂ eq./ton DM, std error = 15.9). Methane was a large contributor to global warming potential (GWP) of both composting treatments, suggesting that management practices that optimize porosity and air flow in compost piles are promising in reducing emissions from both green waste and green/food waste mixtures.
High-Cadence Cycling Promotes Sustained Improvement in Bradykinesia, Rigidity, and Mobility in Individuals with Mild-Moderate Parkinson's Disease.

Introduction. Exercise has been shown to be an important adjunct therapy to medication in Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, the optimal type, frequency, and intensity of exercise or physiotherapy are still being debated. An important part of understanding the optimal frequency is to examine how acute bouts of exercise affect motor function and mobility in this population. The purpose of this study is to assess if six bouts of high-cadence cycling improves motor function and mobility in individuals with PD. Methods. Sixteen subjects with mild-moderate idiopathic PD were randomized into either a high-cadence cycling or a control (stretching) group. High-cadence cycling was completed on a custom motorized recumbent bicycle at a high cadence between 75 and 85 rpm. Cycling and stretching sessions were separated by 1 day of rest and took place over a 15-day period. Motor function and mobility were assessed after every cycling/stretching bout using the UPDRS Motor III scale, Kinesia ONE, and Timed up and Go (TUG). Results. Six bouts of high-cadence cycling improved UPDRS scores (2.5 pts, ), hand movement amplitude ( ), rapid alternating hand movement speed ( ), gait ( ), and TUG time (1.17 s, ) from baseline testing to end of treatment. The control group showed no improvements. Conclusions. These findings suggest that they are both acute and sustained improvements in motor function and mobility after high-cadence cycling. Future research should examine how exercise type, frequency, and intensity can be optimized for each individual.
Living in Gang-Controlled Neighborhoods: Impacts on Electoral and Nonelectoral Participation in El Salvador

Gangs’ territorial control affects the lives of residents in thousands of neighborhoods across Latin America, particularly in northern Central American countries. I argue that gang dominance constrains the ability of neighborhood residents to mobilize politically and consequently resist gang violence through institutionalized channels. Living in gang-controlled neighborhoods results in fewer incentives and opportunities to make political elites accountable for one’s personal safety. Even residents who have already experienced crime firsthand are discouraged from turning to politics as a strategy to change the status quo. My theoretical insights identify mechanisms through which gangs’ neighborhood control affects nonelectoral and electoral participation. To test my hypotheses, I rely on census and public opinion data collected in seventy-one neighborhoods in El Salvador. This article offers the first systematic statistical analysis of the effect of gangs’ territorial control on political participation in the Latin American context. The findings suggest that living under gang rule undermines residents’ right to engage freely in politics in nuanced ways. Resumen El control territorial de pandillas afecta a residentes en miles de barrios en toda America Latina, particularmente en paises en el area norte de Centroamerica. El control territorial limita la movilizacion politica, y por lo tanto la posibilidad de resistir la violencia criminal utilizando mecanismos institucionalizados. Vivir en un barrio controlado limita la probabilidad que los ciudadanos demanden mejoras a su seguridad personal. Aun quien ha sido victima del crimen, no tiene el incentivo de involucrarse en politica para tratar de cambiar el statu quo. Se identifican mecanismos por medio de los cuales el control territorial afecta la participacion electoral y no electoral. Se utilizan datos de opinion publica y de censo en setenta y un barrios en El Salvador. Por lo que se ofrece el primer analisis estadistico sistematico del efecto que tiene el control territorial por pandillas sobre la participacion politica en el contexto latinoamericano. Los resultados sugieren que el vivir bajo el dominio de pandillas socava el derecho ciudadano de involucrarse libremente en politica.
Rationale for and Design of the Study of Early Enteral Dextrose in Sepsis: A Pilot Placebo-Controlled Randomized Clinical Trial

Background Sepsis is characterized by life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection and affects over 1 million Americans annually. Loss of glycemic control in sepsis is associated with increased morbidity and mortality, and novel approaches are needed to promote euglycemia and improve outcomes in sepsis. Recent studies from our laboratory demonstrate that early low-level enteral dextrose infusion in septic mice attenuates the systemic inflammatory response and improves glycemic control by inducing intestine-derived incretin hormone secretion. Aim The aim of the Study of Early Enteral Dextrose in Sepsis (SEEDS) is to test the effect of a 24-hour enteral dextrose infusion in critically ill septic patients as a therapeutic agent to decrease systemic inflammation and promote euglycemia. Methods SEEDS is a single-center, double-blind, randomized, controlled trial that will enroll 60 septic patients admitted to the intensive care units at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Health System in Pittsburgh. Participants will be randomized 1:1 to receive enteral dextrose (n = 30) or water (placebo, n = 30) infusion for 24 hours. The primary outcome is the circulating interleukin-6 level measured after the 24-hour infusion compared between dextrose and placebo groups. Secondary outcomes include postinfusion circulating insulin, incretin, and other proinflammatory cytokine levels, as well as incidence of hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia during the infusion period. Discussion This trial will characterize the effects of early enteral dextrose on endogenous endocrine pathways and the systemic inflammatory response in sepsis. The results of this trial will inform future larger interventional studies of early enteral nutrients in critically ill patients with sepsis.
Interactive Communication with Unknown Noise Rate

Alice and Bob want to run a protocol over an noisy channel, where a certain number of bits are flipped adversarially. Several results take a protocol requiring L bits of noise-free communication and make it robust over such a channel. In a recent breakthrough result, Haeupler described an algorithm that sends a number of bits that is conjectured to be near optimal in such a model. However, his algorithm critically requires a priori knowledge of the number of bits that will be flipped by the adversary. We describe an algorithm requiring no such knowledge. If an adversary flips T bits, our algorithm sends $$L + O\left T+\sqrt{LT+L}\log LT+L\right $$ bits in expectation and succeeds with high probability in L. It does so without any a priori knowledge of T. Assuming a conjectured lower bound by Haeupler, ourresult is optimal up to logarithmic factors. Our algorithm critically relies on the assumption of a private channel. We show that privacy is necessary when the amount of noise is unknown.
The Use of the Semi-sterile Technique for Closed Reduction and Percutaneous Pinning (crpp) of Upper Extremity Fractures in Pediatric Patients

Purpose Closed reduction and percutaneous pinning (CRPP) is traditionally performed following full surgical prep and draping, which can be inefficient and wasteful of materials. The semi-sterile technique has been shown to have no difference in infection or complication rates when utilized for pediatric supracondylar humerus fractures. The purpose of this study was to establish the use of the semi-sterile technique for CRPP procedures of all pediatric upper extremity fractures. …
Body composition and neuromotor development in the year after NICU discharge in premature infants

Author(s): Cooper, Dan M; Girolami, Gay L; Kepes, Brenda; Stehli, Annamarie; Lucas, Candice Taylor; Haddad, Fadia; Zalidvar, Frank; Dror, Nitzan; Ahmad, Irfan; Soliman, Antoine; Radom-Aizik, Shlomit | Abstract: BackgroundHypothesis: neuromotor development correlates to body composition over the first year of life in prematurely born infants and can be influenced by enhancing motor activity.MethodsForty-six female and 53 male infants [27 ± 1.8 (sd) weeks] randomized to comparison or exercise group (caregiver provided 15-20 min daily of developmentally appropriate motor activities) completed the year-long study. Body composition [lean body and fat mass (LBM, FM)], growth/inflammation predictive biomarkers, and Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS) were assessed.ResultsAIMS at 1 year correlated with LBM (r = 0.32, p l 0.001) in the whole cohort. However, there was no effect of the intervention. LBM increased by ~3685 g (p l 0.001)); insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) was correlated with LBM (r = 0.36, p = 0.002). IL-1RA (an inflammatory biomarker) decreased (-75%, p l 0.0125). LBM and bone mineral density were significantly lower and IGF-1 higher in the females at 1 year.ConclusionsWe found an association between neuromotor development and LBM suggesting that motor activity may influence LBM. Our particular intervention was ineffective. Whether activities provided largely by caregivers to enhance motor activity in prematurely born infants can affect the interrelated (1) balance of growth and inflammation mediators, (2) neuromotor development, (3) sexual dimorphism, and/or (4) body composition early in life remains unknown.
Mitigation of Covid-19 infection in substance use disorder residential settings

Managing infection control of the Corona virus disease (Covid-19) could be very challenging for substance use disorder (SUD) residential treatment programs. The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) is...
Intensity of End-of-Life Care in a Cohort of Commercially Insured Women With Metastatic Breast Cancer in the United States.

PURPOSE:There is limited evidence on the intensity of end-of-life (EOL) care for women < 65 years old, who account for about 40% of breast cancer deaths in the United States. Using established indi...
Abstract IA19: Dietary Control of Stem Cells in Physiology and Disease

Organismal diet has a profound impact on tissue homeostasis and health in mammals. Adult stem cells mediate many aspects of tissue adaptation by balancing self-renewal and differentiation divisions to alter tissue composition in response to the environment. Because somatic stem cells may respond to organismal physiology to orchestrate tissue remodeling and some cancers are understood to arise from transformed stem cells, these findings raise the possibility that organismal diet, stem cell function, and cancer initiation are interconnected. Here I will present work from my group that describes our emerging view of how diet, metabolites and nutrient-sensing pathways instruct mammalian intestinal stem cell fate in homeostasis, adaptation to diet and diseases such as cancer. Citation Format: Omer H. Yilmaz. Dietary Control of Stem Cells in Physiology and Disease [abstract]. In: Abstracts: AACR Special Virtual Conference on Epigenetics and Metabolism; October 15-16, 2020; 2020 Oct 15-16. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(23 Suppl):Abstract nr IA19.
MicroRNA-200c restoration reveals a cytokine profile to enhance M1 macrophage polarization in breast cancer

Many immune suppressive mechanisms utilized by triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) are regulated by oncogenic epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). How TNBC EMT impacts innate immune cells is not fully understood. To determine how TNBC suppresses antitumor macrophages, we used microRNA-200c (miR-200c), a powerful repressor of EMT, to drive mesenchymal-like mouse mammary carcinoma and human TNBC cells toward a more epithelial state. MiR-200c restoration significantly decreased growth of mouse mammary carcinoma Met-1 cells in culture and in vivo. Cytokine profiling of Met-1 and human BT549 cells revealed that miR-200c upregulated cytokines, such as granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), promoted M1 antitumor macrophage polarization. Cytokines upregulated by miR-200c correlated with an epithelial gene signature and M1 macrophage polarization in BC patients and predicted a more favorable overall survival for TNBC patients. Our findings demonstrate that immunogenic cytokines (e.g., GM-CSF) are suppressed in aggressive TNBC, warranting further investigation of cytokine-based therapies to limit disease recurrence.
Effect of cathode on crosstalk in Si-based lithium-ion cells

Crosstalk between the cathode and the anode in Li-ion batteries has a great impact on performance, safety and cycle lifetime. However, a systematic investigation of crosstalk behavior in silicon (Si)-based cells with various cathode materials has not been reported. We investigated the crosstalk behavior of a Si anode coupled with one of the following cathodes—LiCoO2 (LCO), LiNi0.5Mn0.3Co0.2 (NMC532), and LiFePO4 (LFP)—in a full cell. For each electrochemical couple, we compared electrolyte decomposition products, solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) chemistry, and degradation mechanisms during cycling. From a very early stage of cycling, each couple showed different crosstalk behavior; different electrolyte decomposition products and SEI chemistry on the Si anodes were seen. Specifically, the formation and growth mechanism of Si SEI differ depending on cathode materials. For the LFP system, the Si SEI rich in LiF and inorganic species, which is stable and robust. It forms at an early stage of cycle. As a result, mechanical failure of the Si electrode and Li loss are well suppressed in the LFP system, resulting in stable cycle life.
Bioprocess Engineering (Biotechnology)

New Biotechnology Growth of the Fermentation Industries Growth of the Antibiotic/Pharmaceutical Industry Growth of the Amino Acid/Acidulant Fermentation Industry Growth of the Biopharmaceutical Industry Growth of Industrial Enzymes The Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Impacts of Biotechnology on Drug Discovery and Biology Bioprocess Engineering and Economics Bioseparations and Bioprocess Engineering Keywords: bioprocess engineering; new biotechnology
A new method for the determination of the kinetics of Tg

Abstract Differential scanning calorimetry has been found useful in studying the kinetics of the Tg. The method commonly used involves annealing the polymer at temperatures below Tg for various periods of time and then measuring the enthalpy change in going from the glassy to the liquid state as a function of annealing time and temperature. However, annealing below Tg is a slow process, and therefore the quantity of research that can be done by this method is limited. Moreover, the above method measures primarily the kinetics of the annealing process. We are also interested in the kinetics of the transition from the glass to the liquid state. We have developed a DSC method to measure the kinetics of the transition of a polymer from the glassy to the liquid state. It involves quickly heating the polymer from below the glass transition to slightly above it and measuring the change in enthalpy with time as the polymer goes from the glass to the liquid. The method depends on subtracting out, by use of a compu...
The Influence of Group Cohesiveness on Some Changes Induced by Flexitime: A Quasi-Experiment

This article examines the introduction offlexitime in a high-technology organization. In this study, the authors employed a quasi-experimental design that uses both an experimental and a control gr...
Epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori infection

Helicobacter pylori infection is now recognised as a worldwide problem. It is the most common cause of chronic gastritis, and is strongly linked to peptic ulcer disease and gastric cancer. While the infection is usually acquired in childhood, there is typically a long period of latency with disease manifestations not appearing until adulthood. Gastric cancer does not usually manifest until old age. The infection has a high morbidity rate, but a low mortality rate and is curable with antibiotic therapy.
Snapshot hyperspectral retinal camera with the Image Mapping Spectrometer (IMS)

We present a snapshot hyperspectral retinal camera with the Image Mapping Spectrometer (IMS) for eye imaging applications. The resulting system is capable of simultaneously acquiring 48 spectral channel images in the range 470 nm–650 nm with frame rate at 5.2 fps. The spatial sampling of each measured spectral scene is 350 × 350 pixels. The advantages of this snapshot device are elimination of the eye motion artifacts and pixel misregistration problems in traditional scanning-based hyperspectral retinal cameras, and real-time imaging of oxygen saturation dynamics with sub-second temporal resolution. The spectral imaging performance is demonstrated in a human retinal imaging experiment in vivo. The absorption spectral signatures of oxy-hemoglobin and macular pigments were successfully acquired by using this device.
Inferring spatial correlation of hydraulic conductivity from sediment cores and outcrops

Spatial variation of hydraulic conductivity is often assumed to follow patterns of sediment texture. This study examines whether sediment texture observed in cores and outcrops can be used to infer spatial correlation of hydraulic conductivity. The measures of spatial correlation that we consider, correlation length and Hurst coefficient, are commonly used for interpolating conductivity at unmeasured locations and making stochastic estimates of dispersivity. Results indicate that, when comparing hydraulic conductivity values derived from sediment texture to those measured by pumping tests, horizontal correlation lengths are approximately the same but vertical correlation does not correspond well. The results also suggest that sediment information may be useful for setting spatial limits to scaling behavior that is assumed with fractal interpretation of hydraulic conductivity variability.
Electronic and phonon properties of six crystalline phases of Pu metal

In the light actinides Th to Np, and in the low-temperature {alpha} phase of Pu, the 5f electrons are itinerant, while in the five higher-temperature phases of Pu, and in the heavy actinides from Am on, the 5f electrons are localized to varying degrees. To understand the physics of 5f localization is a current problem in electronic-structure theory. The kind of experimental data that can help in solving this problem is not available. In this paper, thermodynamic data for Pu metal are analyzed to extract the quantities important for electronic-structure theory. For each of the six crystal phases, the following quantities are evaluated: (a) the static lattice potential, which is the ground-state energy of electronic-structure calculations, (b) central moments of the phonon distribution, which can be compared to any theoretical calculation of phonon frequencies, and (c) a measure of combined anharmonic and electronic excitation contributions to entropy, which contains information on the electronic density of states. Though at present we are not able to separate anharmonic and electronic excitation effects, the last named quantity will help to do so in the future. {copyright} {ital 1998} {ital The American Physical Society}
On the large deviations for Engel's, Sylvester's series and Cantor's products

In this paper, we study the large deviations for Engel's series, Sylvester's series and Cantor's products from number theory.
Characterization of Gene Expression in Resting and Activated Mast Cells

To characterize gene expression in activated mast cells more comprehensively than heretofore, we surveyed the changes in genetic transcripts by the method of serial analysis of gene expression in the RBL-2H3 line of rat mast cells before and after they were stimulated through their receptors with high affinity for immunoglobulin E (FceRI). A total of 40,759 transcripts derived from 11,300 genes were analyzed. Among the diverse genes that had not been previously associated with mast cells and that were constitutively expressed were those for the cytokine macrophage migration inhibitory factor neurohormone receptors such as growth hormone- releasing factor and melatonin and components of the exocytotic machinery. In addition, several dozen transcripts were differentially expressed in response to antigen-induced clustering of the FceRI. Included among these were the genes for preprorelaxin, mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 3, and the dual specificity protein phosphatase, rVH6. Significantly, the majority of genes differentially expressed in this well-studied model of mast cell activation have not been identified before this analysis.
Depolarization of surface-enhanced fluorescence: an approach to fluorescence polarization assays.

Localized surface plasmons of metallic particles of subwavelength sizes strongly modify the spectral properties of nearby fluorophores. The enhanced radiative decay rate leads to high fluorescence efficiencies and decreased fluorescence lifetimes. In this report we show that metal-enhanced fluorescence generated by the presence of the silver islands on the glass substrate displays high depolarization. Intensities, lifetimes, and emission anisotropies of several fluorophore protein conjugates have been studied in the absence and presence of metallic nanostructures. Despite highly decreased lifetimes of about 10-fold and immobilization of conjugates on the solid substrate, the observed emission anisotropies for all fluorophores on the metal-enhanced substrate decreased 300−500% compared to that in solution. This observation implies a new generation of fluorescence polarization immunoassays with broad applications because of no restrictions to the lifetime of the probe and the size of labeled biomolecules. T...
Ankle dislocation without fracture in a young athlete

This is a case report of a 34-year-old male who sustained an ankle dislocation injury without any associated fractures to the foot, ankle, or leg while playing basketball. After an extensive review of the literature, it was found that this type of injury without any associated fractures is an extremely rare occurrence. A case report and a review of the literature are presented in this paper.
In response to: Fu M.R., McDaniel R.W. & Rhodes V.A. (2007) Measuring symptom occurrence and symptom distress: development of the Symptom Distress Index. Journal of Advanced Nursing 59, 623-634.

We applaud the careful development and psychometric testing of the Symptom Distress Index (SDI) by Fu et al. (2007). The SDI is a very nice addition to the collection of instruments researchers can use to measure various aspects of individuals’ experiences of symptoms. We are, however, concerned that the researchers did not acknowledge the Symptom Experience Scale (SES), developed by Samarel et al. (1996) to measure symptoms experienced by women being treated for breast cancer. The SES measures the frequency and intensity of eight symptoms or unpleasant body sensations, as well as the distress associated with the symptoms or sensations. The symptoms and sensations included in the SES are nausea, pain, appetite disturbance, sleep disturbance, fatigue, changes in bowel patterns, concentration disturbances, and changes in appearance. The SES has been used in several studies, including investigations of the effects of social support and education interventions for women with breast cancer (Samarel et al. 2002, Coleman et al. 2005), and has been adapted for men with prostate cancer (Scura et al. 2004). Given that both the SDI and the SES are derivatives of McCorkle and Young’s (1978) widely used Symptom Distress Scale, we would be surprised to learn that the researchers did not find the SES relevant to their work.