cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Academic identity and race differences in educational aspirations

Abstract This paper extends the work of Burke and Hoelter (1988, Social Science Research 17, 29–47) by testing their thesis that some of the deficiencies in the widely used Wisconsin status aspirations-attainment model can be overcome by taking account of results from Identity Theory. Burke and Hoelter demonstrated that with a new model, respecified to include academic identity, many of the effects of background variables operated through academic identity. The result was that the new model worked not only for white males (as it always has) but also for black and white females (where it has not fared as well). The failure of the modified model to predict the educational aspirations for black males was attributed by Burke and Hoelter to differences in the meaning of continuing on to college for black males. The present paper offers a more direct test of this hypothesis and shows that the effect of academic identity on college plans is contingent upon the meaning of attending college for blacks and whites. The implications of this for both Identity Theory as well as the status attainment process are discussed.
AMOEBA force field parameterization of the azabenzenes

We present an extension of the AMOEBA force field to several common organic heterocycles, namely pyridine, pyrazine, pyrimidine, pyridazine, the three unique triazines, and the two unique tetrazines. Atomic multipoles for newly defined atom types were obtained from quantum chemical calculations on the isolated molecules. Atomic polarizability parameters are maintained at their standard AMOEBA values for corresponding atomic classes while standard van der Waals parameters are rescaled to reproduce CCSD(T) intermolecular interaction energies of selected dimer structures. In order to improve vibrational frequencies that are important both spectroscopically and for flexible dynamics, parameters for covalent terms, i.e., bond-stretching, angle-bending, and stretch-bend terms, were optimized and added to the existing AMOEBA force field. We validate our force field through comparison of molecular structural, vibrational, electrostatic, and energetic properties—including intermolecular interaction energies—to reliable quantum chemical data for the various systems of interest.
Duodenal penetration of an inferior vena cava filter: case report and literature review.

The insertion of inferior vena cava filters (IVCF) is a well-known therapy used in the prevention of pulmonary embolism (PE). The incidence of IVCF-related complications is low and complete caval penetration of a filter with adjacent organ injury has a reported incidence of 0–1%. We report the case of an 18-year-old male who sustained a spinal cord injury after a motor vehicle crash. The patient received a prophylactic IVCF and subsequently presented with right flank pain, postprandial nausea, and vomiting. His exam was benign and a computed tomography scan revealed extra-caval penetration of the filter with struts within the duodenal lumen and psoas muscle. The patient underwent an exploratory laparotomy with extraction of the filter, inferior vena cava venorrhaphy, and repair of the duodenal injury. This complication illustrates the potential morbidity of a common procedure and emphasizes the importance of investigating the IVCF as a possible source of abdominal pain.
Effects of nutrients and temperature on decomposition of Myriophyllum spicatum L. in a hard‐water eutrophic lake1

Temperature, phosphorus, and nitrogen were investigated as possible factors influencing decay of Myriophyllum spicatum shoots. In laboratory experiments, nitrogen enrichment significantly increased decay rates while phosphorus enrichment did not. Similar increases in decay rate per unit of added nitrogen occurred whether nitrogen was provided as nitrate or was present as additional tissue nitrogen. Exponential decay coefficients depended on temperature with a Q10 of about 3. Predictions of decay rates during litter bag experiments were based on laboratory responses of decay rate to temperature and initial nitrogen concentration of the shoots. Observed decay rates correlated closely with predictions, demonstrating the usefulness of temperature and shoot nitrogen content in explaining variations in decay rates in Lake Wingra. However, predictions underestimated decay rates. Possible explanations for the discrepancies include slow establishment of the detrital microflora, lower nitrogen availability, and absence of animals in the laboratory incubations.
Scaling of stimulus duration by pigeons

Pigeons were presented with a series of key-illumination time periods. During these periods two response keys were lit, one by white light and the other by red or green. White-key responses changed the color on the other key and green- and red-key responses intermittently produced food. Choice responses were reinforced at either of two intervals timed from the onset of the stimulus period. Food was scheduled for green responses during the shorter interval in some stimulus periods and food was scheduled for red-key responses at the longer interval during alternate stimulus periods. The temporal location of food in the stimulus periods was varied across conditions. Across conditions, the pigeons responded on the green key until the time at which green-key responses might be reinforced had passed; then, the probability of red-key responses increased as the time approached at which red-key responses might be reinforced. In all conditions, the pigeons, changed from green-key to red-key responses at the time that was an equal relative temporal distance from the two intervals where these responses were reinforced.
Gonzalo cataño. la introducción del pensamiento moderno en colombia. el caso de luis e. nieto arteta

Este es un gran libro, no solo por el tamano y la envergadura de la investigacion involucrada, sino por su alcance intelectual. Gonzalo Catano sostiene que Luis Eduardo Nieto Arteta, quizas el pensador colombiano mas influyente de su epoca, fue emblematico en una generacion” de colombianos que introdujeron el pensamiento “moderno” en la vida nacional. Los terminos “generacion” y “moderno” son bastante escurridizos, y sus significados y sus limites son dificiles de precisar, pero el autor hace un buen trabajo defendiendo su uso en el capitulo inicial, sobre el metodo de su investigacion.
Low-noise operation in buried-channel MOSFET's

Noise measurements in buried-channel MOSFET's are presented on various operating conditions. A new noise source has been observed in the weak inversion regime of the MOSFET's. By avoiding this noise source and other known noise sources in buried-channel devices, a good noise performance of MOS analog circuits has been obtained.
Different Protein Tyrosine Kinases Are Required for B Cell Antigen Receptor–mediated Activation of Extracellular Signal–Regulated kinase, c-Jun NH2-terminal Kinase 1, and p38 Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase

B cell antigen receptor (BCR) cross-linking activates three distinct families of nonreceptor protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs): src-family kinases, Syk, and Btk; these PTKs are responsible for initiating downstream events. BCR cross-linking in the chicken DT40 B cell line also activates three distinct mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs): extracellular signal–regulated kinase (ERK)2, c-jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK)1, and p38 MAPK. To dissect the functional roles of these PTKs in MAPK signaling, activation of MAPKs was examined in various PTK-deficient DT40 cells. BCR-mediated activation of ERK2, although maintained in Lyn-deficient cells, was abolished in Syk-deficient cells and partially inhibited in Btk-deficient cells, indicating that BCR-mediated ERK2 activation requires Syk and that sustained ERK2 activation requires Btk. BCR-mediated JNK1 activation was maintained in Lyn-deficient cells but abolished in both Syk- and Btk-deficient cells, suggesting that JNK1 is activated via a Syk- and Btk-dependent pathway. Consistent with this, BCR-mediated JNK1 activation was dependent on intracellular calcium and phorbol myristate acetate–sensitive protein kinase Cs. In contrast, BCR-mediated p38 MAPK activation was detected in all three PTK-deficient cells, suggesting that no single PTK is essential. However, BCR-mediated p38 MAPK activation was abolished in Lyn/Syk double deficient cells, demonstrating that either Lyn or Syk alone may be sufficient to activate p38 MAPK. Our data show that BCR-mediated MAPK activation is regulated at the level of the PTKs.
Generation of <3 ps optical pulses by fibre compression of gain-switched InGaAsP DFB laser diode pulses

Generation of <3 ps full width at half maximum (FWHM) 1.3 mu m pulses by compressing the chirped output of a gain-switched distributed feedback laser diode (DFB-LD) with a fibre dispersive delay line is reported. Diode laser requirements for minimum pulse width and maximum pulse energy, as well as suppression of 'wings' on the optical pulse, are discussed.
Spatial and Spectral Resolution of A Germanium Strip Detector

Germanium strip detectors combine both the excellent energy resolution typical of germanium detectors and fine spatial resolution possible in a strip detector. They are applicable to sensitive, high spectral resolution γ-ray detectors using coded-aperture or Compton telescope techniques. Our first detector is in a planar geometry with orthogonal strips on the upper and lower detector surfaces, providing 9 mm spatial resolution. The detector has 5 strips on each surface and an active volume of 45 x 45 x 12 mm. Good spatial and energy resolution are demonstrated.
Coesite and Shocked Quartz Discovered in the Australasian and North American Microtektite Layers

Samples from the North American, Australasian, and Ivory Coast microtektite layers were examined for unmelted impact ejecta (>125 οm size). Coesite and shocked quartz, identified by X-ray diffraction, were found at all the sites where a well-defined North American microtektite layer had previously been documented. Coesite and shocked quartz were also foundin seven out of 33 cores from the Australasian strewn field; however, no coesite or shocked quartz was found associated with the Ivory Coast microtektite layer. Stishovite was also found at three of the Australasian sites. All of the Australasian cores containing coesite and shocked quartz were taken from within 2000 km of Indochina, which is believed by most to be the source area for the Australasian tektites and microtektites. Six of the seven cores have the highest concentrations of microtektites ever determined for Australasian microtektite- bearing cores. The seventh core did not contain any microtektites, which may be consistent with the hypothesis that the microtektites were deposited in a raylike pattern. The discovery of coesite and impact ejecta associated with both the North American and Australasian microtektite layers provides further support for the hypothesis of terrestrial impact origin of tektites.
Cosmology With Many Light Scalar Fields: Stochastic Inflation and Loop Corrections

We explore the consequences of the existence of a very large number of light scalar degrees of freedom in the early universe. We distinguish between participator and spectator fields. The former have a small mass, and can contribute to the inflationary dynamics; the latter are either strictly massless or have a negligible VEV. In $N$-flation and generic assisted inflation scenarios, inflation is a cooperative phenomenon driven by $N$ participator fields, none of which could drive inflation on its own. We review upper bounds on $N$, as a function of the inflationary Hubble scale $H$. We then consider stochastic and eternal inflation in models with $N$ participator fields showing that individual fields may evolve stochastically while the whole ensemble behaves deterministically, and that a wide range of eternal inflationary scenarios are possible in this regime. We then compute one-loop quantum corrections to the inflationary power spectrum. These are largest with $N$ spectator fields and a single participator field, and the resulting bound on $N$ is always weaker than those obtained in other ways. We find that loop corrections to the $N$-flation power spectrum do not scale with $N$, and thus place no upper bound on the number of participator fields. This result also implies that, at least to leading order, the theory behaves like a composite single scalar field. In order to perform this calculation, we address a number of issues associated with loop calculations in the Schwinger-Keldysh ``in-in'' formalism.
BASIC MECHANISMS OF DRUG ACTION.

Pharmacologists have long cherished the hope that it might be possible to discover and state in precise terms some general theory to explain the mode of action of various drugs at the cellular or subcellular level. As our understanding of molecular pharmacodynamics has increased, the possibility of achieving this goal has become more remote. At the present time it would even be hazardous to attempt to set forth general principles of drug action. It is the aim of this review to discuss some of the recent attempts to reveal the basic mechanisms of drug action. Of course, there is still a host of drugs whose mechanism of action is completely obscure, but there is less tendency today to blanket ignorance with meaningless terms. For example, the cryptic term ‘protoplasmic poison’ which so frequently appeared under the heading of ‘mechanism of action’ in leading textbooks of pharmacology until a few years ago, has now become obsolete.
Quantitative Determination of Free Hydroxyl Groups

The simplest procedure for the quantitative measurement of the number of free hydroxyl groups on a partially substituted polysaccharide molecule employs acetylation and measures the excess of acetic anhydride added to the unknown sample. The presence of perchloric acid catalyzes the reaction and leads to quantitative acetylation of the free hydroxyls in the investigated material at room temperature. After the esterification of the hydroxyl groups has been accomplished, the unused acetic anhydride will be hydrolyzed by adding water to the reaction mixture. The amount of unused acetic acid is determined by titration with standard base solution. The reaction takes place as follows: Open image in new window The procedure described here is based on the publication of Fritz and Schenk (1959). A micromodification has been described by Schenk and Santiago (1962).
Common Thread: The Impact of Mission on Ethical Business Culture. A Case Study

What is the impact of mission on ethical business culture? This question was analyzed through a qualitative case study of a large nonprofit organization in the human services industry with a solid history of ethical business practices and consistent use of a values-based decision-making model. This research explored ethical decision making, ethical business culture, and congruence between enacted and espoused institutional values. Institutional values were identified, and the following pair of research questions was examined: To what extent were incongruent values found between espoused and enacted values? To what extent did incongruent values impact the ethical business culture? Incongruent enacted values were present in the culture, but negative impact was diminished by a larger number of congruent enacted values. Additional findings revealed that an intense commitment to the mission by all employees was the common thread that wound throughout the organization’s ethical business culture and essentially abrogated the undesirable effects of incongruent and negative values.
Oversight, Maintenance and Repeal of Tax Breaks

Why do some tax breaks survive periods of tax reform or budget-balancing while others are cut back or eliminated? This paper presents the first two in a series of qualitative case studies focusing on specific tax preferences that did or did not survive such legislative episodes. Examining the investment tax credit for capital equipment (repealed in the Tax Reform Act of 1986) and the research and experimentation tax credit (extended in the same legislation, I argue that tax breaks are eliminated when their policy justification is weak within the context of the specific legislative effort in question. The ITC was costly, poorly justified, and symbolic of an unfair tax system, while the R&E credit was consistent with legislators’ conceptions of appropriate policy goals. This study demonstrates that policy characteristics and context interact to shape the fate of enacted tax policies.
Does a Therapist’s World View Matter?

While past research indicates that mental health professionals are less religious than the public they serve, little is known about the implications of therapists’ world views for their practice. In this study, approximately 50 therapists completed surveys that assessed self-identification in relation to spirituality, religion, and/or world view; how relevant they considered their patients’ and their own world views; and responses to clinical vignettes involving issues arising in treatment. While a minority considered themselves religious, a majority indicated that they considered themselves moderately or very spiritual. When asked how they would respond to a series of clinical vignettes involving topics such as assisted suicide and encouraging the use of spiritual resources, responses varied significantly by world view. Respondents endorsed several factors limiting the integration of religion/spiritualities/world views into their clinical work. These data raise questions about how to further explore the clinical relevance of the therapist’s world view.
On synchronization in networks of coupled oscillators

We study the synchronization of coupled nonlinear oscillators over arbitrary undirected weighted networks. We give an explicit characterization of phase cohesion in these networks in terms of a parameter which we refer to as the coefficient of ergodicity of the coupled oscillator network. Also, we characterize an estimate of the region of attraction of the frequency synchronized solution of phase cohesive oscillators and show that the frequency synchronized equilibrium is exponentially stable. As an implication of these results, we show that almost no oscillators coupled in graphs with diameter greater than two is a phase cohesive system. This in turn implies that phase cohesion happens in networked oscillators only on small-world networks.
Combustion Properties of Silicon/Teflon/Viton and Aluminum/Teflon/Viton Composites

The combustion of aluminum-based nano energetic materials has received much attention in recent years. Silicon-based nano composites have not been studied so extensively, even though the predicted thermochemistry properties show promise and silicon reactives may have other advantages. Also, almost no attention has been given to silicon reactives using fluorinated oxidizers. A more complete body of experimental knowledge with respect to the combustion of nano silicon-based reactives with fluorinated oxidizers is needed to better understand the mechanisms of combustion, as well as to develop the possible applications. Combustion equilibrium calculations were performed on silicon and aluminum-based systems using polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE or Teflon) as the oxidizer. It was found that silicon and aluminum with fluorinated oxidizers have similar predicted equilibrium temperatures. Basic combustion properties were obtained using stoichiometries chosen based on the thermochemical equilibrium calculations for both aluminum and silicon. A range of stoichiometries were also tested for the silicon systems. Fluorel FC 2175 binder (chemically equivalent to Viton R ©) was added to prevent sample brittleness and allow for the characterization of burning rate of pressed pellets at various pressures. Instrumented tube burns were also performed in order to determine the loose powder burning rate. Silicon reactive loose powder burning rates were found to optimize at slightly fuel rich stoichiometries, similar to aluminum-based reactives. It was found that there exists different combustion modes for aluminum reactives in tube burns. Depending on ignition method, either a fast burning steady state burn would occur, or a slow burn which transitioned to the other mode at a later time. A strong link to pressure is likely key to the presence of these two combustion modes and the transition between them. Aluminum reactive peak pressures and burning rates were 9,000 PSI and 1,070 m/s, and silicon reactive peak pressure and average burning rate were 7660 PSI and 424 m/s. Reactive silicon pellets were also found to optimize at fuel-rich compositions and the burning rates were found to follow a power law dependence on pressure, however, this dependence (characterized by the power law exponent) was not significantly affected by stoichiometry, in contrast to magnesium/Teflon/viton (MTV) systems. Aluminum reactive pressed pellet burning rates were better fit by a second order polynomial. A comparison between silicon and aluminum-based reactive pellets show comparable burning rates for mixture ratios chosen at the calculated maximum temperature. Also, the burning rate did not increase continuously with added wt% fuel in the mixture as MTV systems are reported to do, but reached a peak and then declined, indicating more of a temperature dependence.
Ontogeny of hepatic bovine growth hormone receptors in cattle.

A series of studies examined the binding characteristics and ontogeny of hepatic growth hormone binding sites in dairy bulls on d 2, 30, 180, and 365 of age. Binding of iodinated recombinant bovine growth hormone ([125I]rbGH) to liver membrane receptors was membrane protein-dependent. Receptors were considered growth hormone-specific, because physiological concentrations of bovine prolactin (bPRL) failed to displace [125I]rbGH from bovine hepatocyte membranes. Only 50% of [125I]rbGH was bound reversibly to hepatic microsomes. Addition of dithiothreitol (DTT) to the receptor-assay buffer increased the binding of [125I]rbGH to hepatic membranes in a time-dependent manner. Moderate concentrations of Ca++ and Mg++ in the receptor-assay buffer had no detectable effects on binding of [125I]rbGH to hepatic microsomes. In growing dairy bulls, specific binding of [125I]rbGH per milligram of membrane protein increased from 1.9 +/- 1.8% at d 2 to 14.1 +/- 1.8% at d 180 and then declined to 5.2 +/- 1.6% at d 365. Likewise, concentration of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I in serum was low during the 1st mo of age (d 2, 13.3 +/- 8.8 ng/ml; d 30, 9.7 +/- 8.8 ng/ml), but it became maximal at d 180 (151.0 +/- 8.8 ng/ml). Circulating concentrations of IGF-II increased linearly during the 1st yr of growth. Serum concentrations of GH, triiodothyronine, and thyroxine declined from 39.9 +/- 6.5, 2.7 +/- .2, and 75.4 +/- 4.6 ng/ml at d 2 to 16.5 +/- 6.5, 1.3 +/- .2, and 53.4 +/- 4.6 ng/ml at d 30, respectively, and remained low through 1 yr of age. Insulin concentration in serum did not change significantly with development. Results indicated that increasing concentrations of specific bGH receptors in the bovine liver may play a key role in regulating postnatal growth in cattle.
Effect of a Clinical Pharmacist–Managed Service on Blood Pressure in an Underserved Population With Resistant Hypertension

Background. Evidence indicates pharmacist-managed hypertension clinics are beneficial in reducing blood pressure (BP). There is currently no evidence evaluating the effect of pharmacist-managed resistant hypertension clinics in a medically underserved patient population. Objective. To determine the impact of a pharmacist-managed resistant hypertension service on BP in a medically underserved population. Methods. This was a prospective cohort study evaluating 12 medically underserved patients enrolled in a pharmacist-managed resistant hypertension service at the St Louis County Department of Health. BP was measured in clinic and at home. Follow-up occurred biweekly by phone and in clinic at least monthly while uncontrolled. This study was approved by the St Louis College of Pharmacy Institutional Review Board and St Louis County Department of Health director for clinical and research services. Primary outcome of change in home systolic BP and secondary outcomes of change in home diastolic BP and clinic sys...
What walking means to moms: Insights from a national sample to frame walking in compelling ways to low-income urban mothers

Abstract Population-wide initiatives aim to educate individuals about the benefits of walking, such as Step It Up! (United States), Walking for Health (England), and Canada Walks (Canada). Low-income women are a strategic group to target for walking communications because lower-income individuals and women have lower rates of physical activity than the general population and men. For messages to motivate mothers to walk, however, they need to frame walking in ways that makes walking sufficiently relevant and compelling. We investigated what walking means to low-income urban mothers as a first step toward identifying more compelling and motivating ways to frame and communicate about walking to them. Focus groups were conducted across seven different urban areas in the United States among low-income urban mothers (n=52) and transcribed. Grounded theory was used to code and analyze the data. This study identified salient beliefs, barriers, and life concerns that should be addressed when framing and branding walking to low-income urban mothers. Communications emphasizing dose-based recommendations (e.g., time, intensity) are irrelevant to mothers’ lives and also appear to be confusing as well as ineffective motivators. While some participants desired experiential benefits from walking, such as time with family, others sought instrumental benefits, such as losing weight. Regardless of the benefits desired, however, there was a general consensus that walking was a low daily priority. Thus, for messages to successfully promote walking, they need to imbue walking with a compelling meaning that makes walking relevant to mothers in ways that can help them achieve their daily needs and wants. In addition, future communications should address the potentially negative meanings and stress low-income mothers experience when walking is a compulsory form of transportation. These data offer insights into preliminary suggestions for framing walking to boost its daily relevance, desirability, and usefulness to low-income urban mothers.
Privacy Risk Analysis Based on System Control Structures: Adapting System-Theoretic Process Analysis for Privacy Engineering

To date, top-down efforts to evolve and structure privacy engineering knowledge have tended to reflect common systems engineering/development life cycle activities. A different approach suggests a particular need for technical analytical methods. To help address this need, this paper proposes to adapt for privacy engineering an existing technique, System-Theoretic Process Analysis (STPA), developed for safety engineering. The foundations of STPA are discussed, its security extension, STPA-Sec, is described, and modifications to STPA-Sec are proposed to produce STPA-Priv. STPA-Priv is then applied to a simple illustrative example.
Genome Sequences of Gordonia Phages Bowser and Schwabeltier

ABSTRACT Gordonia phages Bowser and Schwabeltier are newly isolated phages infecting Gordonia terrae 3612. Bowser and Schwabeltier have similar siphoviral morphologies and their genomes are related to each other, but not to other phages. Their lysis cassettes are atypically situated among virion tail genes, and Bowser encodes two tyrosine integrases.
Adolescents’ beliefs about harm, wrongness, and school policies as predictors of sexual and gender-based harassment.

This study investigated the relationship among adolescents’ (n = 621) reports of perpetrating sexual and gender-based harassment and their beliefs about whether these behaviors cause harm, are wrong, or are prohibited by school policies. Results evidenced that beliefs about wrongness and harm were r
Transition of Care for Patients with Diabetes

Background Diabetes is a common chronic condition among adults that can complicate the transition from the hospital to the community. Hospital readmission is an important contributor to total medical expenditures and is an emerging indicator of quality of care. Failure to acknowledge diabetes transition of care is associated with increased emergency department visits and 30-day readmissions. Methods Literature review of transition of care models, sample tools and processes are presented. Updated guidelines and recommendations aiming to identify and address risk factors for readmission of patients with diabetes are provided. Results Increased attention has been given to different aspects of diabetes care in regards to discharge planning. This includes early initiation of a discharge plan identifying readmission risk factors at time of admission. In addition, involvement of patients, families, care givers, health care providers and institutions to establish transitional care. Utilization of hospital resources includes medication reconciliation, diabetes education, care coordination, discharge planning, follow up appointments and post discharge care. Conclusion Addressing transition of care is not a choice but an important quality of care marker. The transition of care determines where patients with diabetes will follow up and how payers will remunerate hospitals for management of diabetes during hospitalization, discharge planning process and readmission rates. Different transition of care models have been identified, utilized and evaluated. However, more research needs to be done to establish standardized transitional care guidelines specific to this population.
LISA detections of massive black hole inspirals: Parameter extraction errors due to inaccurate template waveforms

The planned Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) is expected to detect the inspiral and merger of massive black hole binaries (MBHBs) at $z\ensuremath{\lesssim}5$ with signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) of hundreds to thousands. Because of these high SNRs, and because these SNRs accrete over periods of weeks to months, it should be possible to extract the physical parameters of these systems with high accuracy; for instance, for a $\ensuremath{\sim}{10}^{6}{M}_{\ensuremath{\bigodot}}$ MBHBs at $z=1$ it should be possible to determine the two masses to $\ensuremath{\sim}0.1%$ and the sky location to $\ensuremath{\sim}1\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}$. However, those are just the errors due to noise: there will be additional ``theoretical'' errors due to inaccuracies in our best model waveforms, which are still only approximate. The goal of this paper is to estimate the typical magnitude of these theoretical errors. We develop mathematical tools for this purpose, and apply them to a somewhat simplified version of the MBHB problem, in which we consider just the inspiral part of the waveform and neglect spin-induced precession, eccentricity, and PN amplitude corrections. For this simplified version, we estimate that theoretical uncertainties in sky position will typically be $\ensuremath{\sim}1\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}$, i.e., comparable to the statistical uncertainty. For the mass and spin parameters, our results suggest that while theoretical errors will be rather small absolutely, they could still dominate over statistical errors (by roughly an order of magnitude) for the strongest sources. The tools developed here should be useful for estimating the magnitude of theoretical errors in many other problems in gravitational-wave astronomy.
Admission Blood Glucose Predicts High Hematoma Volume in Intracerebral Hemorrhage (P05.229)

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of admission blood glucose on hematoma volume in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). BACKGROUND: Admission blood glucose (BG) is a predictor of poor outcome in patients with ICH. We tested the hypothesis that this may be due to an effect on hematoma volume (presumably from transient endothelial dysfunction). DESIGN/METHODS: Records of patients with primary ICH from a community hospital and two teaching hospitals over 36 months were reviewed. Traumatic and subarachnoid hemorrhages were excluded. Patient demographics, history of diabetes, BG and modified rankin scale (mRS) at discharge were calculated. An mRS of 0- 2 was defined as good outcome and 3-6 was considered a poor outcome. Hematoma volume was calculated on the admission CT by using the formula of ABC/2. RESULTS: The analysis included 168 patients (mean age 62±13 years;51.8% males). Of the patients, 23.8% had a prior history of diabetes and 33.9% presented with an admission BG>140 mg/dl. The mean ICH volume among patients with BG>140 mg/dl was 65±76.3 cm3 vs. 21.6±27.9 cm3 in those with BG 140 mg/dl, 84.5% had a bad outcome compared to 63.6 % among those with BG 140 mg/dl were three times more likely to have a poor outcome at discharge (OR 3.1;CI 1.4–6.9). Upon correcting for hematoma volume, admission blood glucose no longer correlated with discharge outcome (p=0.3), suggesting that the effect of high BG on outcome may be due to increased hematoma volumes. CONCLUSIONS: Acute elevation of blood glucose rather than a history of diabetes predicts higher hematoma volumes in ICH. Transient endothelial dysfunction needs to be evaluated as a potential mechanism mediating this association. Further analysis to study whether blood glucose control prevents hematoma expansion is warranted. Disclosure: Dr. Kubiak has nothing to disclose. Dr. Mohamed has nothing to disclose. Dr. Bhattacharya has nothing to disclose.
Assessing Faculty and Student Interpretations of AACP Survey Items with Cognitive Interviewing

Objective. To use cognitive interviewing techniques to determine faculty and student interpretation of a subset of items from the AACP faculty and graduating student surveys. Methods. Students and faculty were interviewed individually in a private room. The interviewer asked each respondent for his/her interpretation of 15 randomly selected items from the graduating student survey or 20 items from the faculty survey. Results. While many items were interpreted consistently by respondents, the researchers identified several items that were either difficult to interpret or produced differing interpretations. Conclusion. Several interpretational inconsistencies and ambiguities were discovered that could compromise the usefulness of certain survey items.
Abstract 39: The Macula Densa PGE2 Activates Adult Renal CD44+ Mesenchymal Stromal Cell (MSC) Migration and Differentiation to Renin Producing cells via EP4 Receptor and Wnt Canonical Signaling

Background: We have previously shown that CD44+ MSCs exist in the adult kidney and that under chronic sodium deprivation these cells migrate to the juxtaglomerular (JG) area and differentiate to new renin expressing cells. The mechanisms mediating these biological processes remain elusive. Renin expression and release by JG cells is initiated at the Macula densa (MD) primarily by the release of PGE2. Interestingly, renal MSC expresses the PGE2 receptor EP4. Here, we hypothesized that MD-derived PGE2 acting via the EP4 is responsible for the migration of renal MSCs and their differentiation to renin expressing cells. Methods: MSCs were isolated by FACS from the kidney of C57BL/6 adult mice and co-cultured in a transwell system with the MD cell line MMDD1 at normal or low NaCl medium. For the in vivo study, wild type and EP4 knockout mice were fed a low salt diet and given furosemide to induce JG hyperplasia. Renin, CD44 and B-catenin stabilization were detected by immunochemistry staining and Western blot analysis. Results: Low salt stimulation of MMDD1 cells significantly increased MSC migration in transwell assays (P Conclusion: The MD/ PGE2/ EP4 axis plays a key role in the activation of MSCs and their differentiation to renin producing cells. This process could potentially be an important physiologic mechanism of maintaining blood pressure under conditions of sodium deprivation.
Controllable and uncontrollable stress differentially impact pathogenicity and survival in a mouse model of viral encephalitis

Intranasal instillation of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) into mice given controllable stress (modeled by escapable foot shock, ES) resulted in enhanced pathogenicity and decreased survival relative to infected mice given uncontrollable stress (modeled by inescapable foot shock, IS) and non-shocked control mice. Survival likely reflected differential cytokine gene expression that may have been regulated by miR146a, a predicted stress-responsive upstream regulator. Controllability also enhanced the accumulation of brain T resident memory cells that persisted long after viral clearance. The unexpected facilitatory effect of ES on antiviral neuroimmune responses and pathogenicity may arise from differential immunoactivating and immunosuppressive effects of uncontrollable and controllable stress.
Anti-Müllerian hormone as a biomarker for acute testicular degeneration caused by toxic insults to stallion testes.

Abstract Recently, anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) was validated as a reliable marker of testicular damage caused by various chemotherapy drugs in humans and in mice. In horses, the reference values of AMH concentrations in normal stallions, during different seasons of a year, have been recently reported. However, this hormone was not evaluated in subfertile or infertile stallions with testicular damage. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the effects of experimentally induced testicular degeneration on the concentration of AMH in stallions. Severe but transient testicular degeneration was induced in six Miniature horse stallions, in two, separate experiments (three stallions in each experiment), by the administration of a single dose of the contraceptive compound RTI-4587-073(l). Six different stallions served as controls (three stallions in each experiment). Treated and control stallions were switched between the experiments. Concentrations of AMH were determined in 78 samples of blood plasma collected during the first experiment and in 24 samples collected during the second experiment. Furthermore, the expression of AMH in 30 samples of testicular parenchyma, collected from these stallions during the second experiment, was also evaluated, using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and objectively analyzed using computerized methods. During the first experiment, the concentrations of AMH in blood increased significantly in treated stallions (P
Suplementação excessiva com ácido fólico durante a gravidez e desenvolvimento de asma na infância: uma revisão baseada na evidência

Objective: Maternal supplementation with folic acid has a positive effect on the prevention of neural tube defects. The relationship between high-dose supplementation of folic acid (5mg) and the development of asthma in children is controversial. The aim of this review is to appraise the evidence on the association between the supplementation with high doses of folic acid during pregnancy and the risk of developing asthma in childhood. Data sources: National Guideline Clearinghouse, Canadian Medical Association Practice Guidelines, Cochrane Library, DARE, Bandolier, PubMed and Index of Portuguese Medical Journals. Review method: We searched meta-analyses, systematic reviews, original studies and clinical guidelines published between July/2006 and July/2016 in Portuguese, English, Spanish and French languages, using the MeSH terms: ‘Folic Acid’, ‘Asthma’ and ‘Pregnancy’. The Strength of Recommendation Taxonomy (SORT) scale of the American of Family Physicians was used to assign evidence levels and strength of recommendation grades. Results: Five studies were selected from a total of 29 articles found, including two meta-analyses and three original studies. Results from meta-analyses do not support an association between periconceptional folic acid supplementation and increased risk of developing childhood asthma. However, none of the studies included in the meta-analyses stratified the results according to the dose of folic acid used during pregnancy and risk of asthma. On the other hand, original studies suggest that supplementation with high doses of folic acid during pregnancy may increase the risk of developing asthma in childhood. Conclusions: Evidence on the association between folic acid supplementation during pregnancy and the risk of developing asthma during childhood is controversial. Studies showing results stratified according to the dose of folic acid reveal that high doses (>800mg) are associated with an increased risk of developing childhood asthma (SORT B).
Structural Barriers to Inclusion in a Latino Immigrant New Destination: Exploring the Adaptive Strategies of Social Service Organizations in South Carolina

A growing number of Latino immigrants are settling in immigrant new destinations with restrictive anti-immigrant policies. Poverty and legal status create obstacles to social and economic inclusion in these places. Theoretically, local social service providers are in a structural position to ameliorate these obstacles, but the localized nature of service delivery in the USA requires that immigrants physically travel to access these supports. A growing literature on new destinations has begun to identify barriers to inclusion in immigrant new destinations, but few have explored how local mainstream social service providers are developing strategies to address these concerns. Building on the immigrant new destinations literature and the expansion of immigration enforcement to these areas, this qualitative study examines barriers to services in South Carolina from the perspective of local organizations. In-depth interviews with leaders from 50 direct service providers yield several themes related to structural barriers and organizational strategies to respond to these barriers. Cutting across these themes are limitations imposed by state-level policies and the impact of social exclusion due to marginalized legal status. We discuss the implications of this context for social service providers and the social inclusion of low-income Latino immigrants in South Carolina.
Understanding interfaces and mechanical properties of ceramic matrix composites

Fiber/matrix interfaces play a key role in determining the mechanical properties of fiber-reinforced ceramic matrix composites (CMCs). In this chapter, after a brief overview of recent developments and applications of microfiber-reinforced and nanofiber-reinforced CMCs, there is a theoretical analysis of the composites that exhibit the three most important behaviors associated with toughening in fiber composites: crack deflection at the fiber/matrix interface, crack-bridging by the fibers and fiber pullout on the crack plane. Approaches for controlling interfacial behavior and the interphase to optimize the mechanical and thermal properties of the composites are discussed.
Teaching an object-oriented CS1 course in Python: tutorial presentation

Python's use in education has grown rapidly, due to its elegantly simple syntax. Though often viewed as a "scripting language," Python is a fully object-oriented language with an extremely consistent object model and a rich set of built-in classes. This combination makes the language an excellent choice for teaching the theory and application of object-oriented programming concepts to both new programmers and those using other paradigms. In this workshop, we share our experiences using Python in the context of an object-oriented CS1 course. We will begin with an overview of the language, with particular emphasis on the object-orientation. We then present several coherent teaching strategies and a variety of graphical and non-graphical projects. Both new and experienced Python users are welcome.
Mental Health Assessment and Treatment of African Americans in Cultural Context

This chapter reviews research and conceptual issues involving the physical and mental health of African Americans. A summary of sociodemographic findings is followed by a discussion of the relationship of race, physical and mental health, with emphasis on the role of ethnic identity, racism, and discrimination in the prediction of the trajectory of physical and mental health in the African American community. Culturally sensitive guidelines are also provided in the context of assessing and treating African American clients.
Elastic Architecture Based NFV and OpenStack to Deploy VA Service

This paper discusses deployment of service in a cloud environment. The choice of service is based on the virtual appliances. The problem is how to deploy this kind of service? On which architectures ? and how to make the deployment automatic and autonomous based on rules of elasticity and federation to answer to specific needs of the cloud environment.
Remote Generation of Large-Volume Electropositive Plasma at Reduced Pressure by Means of Guided Fast Ionization Waves From a Plasma Jet as a Power Source

Electropositive discharges require a relatively large electric field to be ignited in a large volume environment even at a reduced pressure. Conventionally, electropositive plasmas are obtained by introducing one or more electrodes inside or connected to a chamber. We have developed a novel approach in generating a large volume of electropositive diffuse plasma by means of guided fast ionization waves1. Such waves are produced by a plasma jet located in proximity to the chamber and propagate through the nearby air and a dielectric wall into the chamber. Here we present experimental evidence of the indirect ignition of an electropositive plasma inside a grounded dielectric chamber with no electrodes mounted to it2. Here, the mechanism of the plasma bullets as a power source is shown by fast photography using intensified-CCD camera and the properties of the diffuse plasma are investigated by means of optical emission spectroscopy (OES).
Newer Randomized Trials of PFO Closure for Stroke (CLOSE, REDUCE and DEFENSE-PFO)

Abstract Patent foramen ovale (PFO) is found in 20%–25% of adults, but nearly 60% of those with otherwise cryptogenic stroke are found to have a PFO. The value of the use of percutaneous PFO closure, as a means of preventing recurrent paradoxical embolism, has been debated for years. Although early randomized trials did not demonstrate a statistically significant benefit of PFO closure over medical therapy for secondary prevention of stroke, 3 newer randomized trials (CLOSE, REDUCE, DEFENSE-PFO) and long-term follow-up data from RESPECT documented superiority of device closure. In this chapter, these newer trials are described as well as the meta-analysis of these studies. The lessons learned from these trials have led to the identification of stroke patients who benefit from PFO closure, and those who receive the highest clinical yield from device closure.
Debt Is the Price of Liberty

The early period covering the first presidential administrations was defined by a government of divided set of responsibilities and new powers to enhance the nation’s public credit. Debt was generally seen as a necessary means for providing for the needs of the country. Both Hamilton and Jefferson agreed that debt retirement was beneficial but disagreed on the mechanics. Far from a protectionist, Hamilton understood that the country’s standing in foreign debt markets was critical to long-run hopes of success for the new country. Jefferson, instead, showed how complicated the distribution of budgetary powers was in practice. This foreshadowed many debates to come where budget policy was shaped by domestic politics and differing notions on the type of federal government that the country should have, but also economic theory and external threats.
Results Provide Information About Cumulative Probabilities of Finding Significance: Let’s Report This Information:

Commonly reported statistics, such as the t value and p value, contain useful information about the cumulative probability of finding statistical significance based on the properties of the sample ...