cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Relationship between motivational climate to body esteem and social physique anxiety within college physical activity classes

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of students’ perceptions of the motivational climate in their university exercise class to their body esteem (BE) and social physique anxiety (SPA). Students in physical activity classes at a Midwestern university completed a survey measuring their perceptions of the caring, task- and ego-involving features of the exercise class climate, BE (i.e., weight and appearance), and SPA. Canonical correlation analysis revealed one significant function for males and females. Loadings revealed males’ perceptions of a highly caring and task-involving climate with low emphasis on ego-involving climate features were associated with higher weight and appearance BE and lower SPA. Females were similar except the ego-involving climate did not significantly contribute to the model. Continued research may examine the link between motivational climate and BE, but mounting evidence suggests creating positive exercise environments is associated with participants’ adapti...
Creating Change Through Connections: A Group for College Women Experiencing Alcohol-Related Consequences

ABSTRACTExtant literature has highlighted unique factors contributing to and consequences of problematic alcohol use among female college students and underscores the need for interventions attentive to these factors. The use of motivational interviewing with attention to self-determination theory may support college women in setting personal and group goals, exploring possibilities for change, and validating the existence of complex social, environmental, and interpersonal factors that impact both alcohol use and motivation to change. This article includes complete session outlines for the Creating Change Through Connections group with supporting examples adapted from actual experiences during group implementation. Potential adaptations, limitations, and areas for future exploration are identified.
JAK INHIBITION AND PROGRESSIVE KIDNEY DISEASE

Purpose of review To review the role of JAK-STAT signaling in the progression of chronic kidney diseases.
Fin damage and mass offset for spin/pitch lock-in for kinetic energy projectiles

A study and a general model for the roll/pitch frequency lock-in phenomenon are made for antitank long kinetic energy projectiles and missiles in general, to quantify the necessary projectile damage/defect required to cause the lock-in. Fin damage and body mass offset are modeled as the forcing forces and moments (asymmetries) causing the lock-in. Idealized fin damage is modeled. The corresponding pitch, side-slip, and roll equations are numerically integrated. The resulting yaw is largest when spinning near the pitching frequency and diminishes when the spin rate (due to fin damage) is off it. The mass offset effect on lock-in is found to be more pronounced (faster and for a longer time) than the moment asymmetries (except if they were exceptionally large). The nonlinear induced roll moment is essential in coupling the pitching/yawing motions with that of the roll motion. A specific and complete projectile case study is presented, in which quantified fin damage and rod mass offset are found to cause this lock-in. Computed flight motion history (pitch, side-slip, and roll), amplification factor, and phase angle provide insight into this lock-in behavior. The model is general and can be applied to any finned projectile or missile. (Author)
Molecular model of self diffusion in polar organic liquids: implications for conductivity and fluidity in polar organic liquids and electrolytes.

Decades of studying isothermal and temperature-dependent mass and charge transport in polar organic liquids and electrolytes have resulted in two mutually incompatible models and the failure to dev...
Larvae of Micromus: Generic Characteristics and a Description of Micromus subanticus (Neuroptera: Hemerobiidae)

Micromus and Hemerobius are the most common and agriculturally important genera of hemerobiids in North America. Twelve morphological traits (8 cephalic, 4 thoracic) differentiate the larvae of these genera. Additional structural, chaetotaxic, and color traits distinguish M. subanticus (Walker) and M. posticus (Walker) larvae. The larval stages of M. subanticus are described.
Mass-based demography of a hispid cotton rat (Sigmodon hispidus) population

Determination of age in rodents is difficult after the animals reach sexual maturity, and biologists often classify mature animals as “adults,” considering this possibly heterogeneous group as a unit. However, many small mammals differ in probability of survival and reproduction as adults, and these differences often correlate with body mass. We provide a rationale for using body mass as stages in Lefkovitch transition matrices, and model the monthly population dynamics of cotton rats in eastern Kansas using mass-specific estimates of survival and reproduction. These monthly transition matrices illustrate seasonal differences in both patterns of individual growth and population dynamics. Sensitivity analyses indicate that natural selection may favor rapid growth in small northern cotton rats in summer and survival of all size classes in winter. Although these transition matrices are composite, they are quite accurate models of the observed population dynamics. Mass-based demography may be an effective method of modelling the population dynamics of short-lived animals that show variation in survival and reproduction related to body mass.
Using virtual world simulators Second Life in social work course assignments

This article describes an initial exploration of Second Life SL, a virtual platform that affords immersive opportunities for students to sensitise and educate themselves in a structured yet self-directed course-design framework. With the use of SL as a virtual reality platform, students are able to choose which resources are used to train them in basic navigation and which communities, representing a wide variety of cultural practices of interest to them, they would choose to study. In a two-year study, student attitudes of engagement and desire to learn cultural competencies through this media are compared, using two methods of course design introducing students to SL. Student surveys show significant improvement in SL navigation when entry into SL include interviews with key informants and a central teleportation hub for exploration to key sites. Student surveys show significant increase in student involvement and appreciation for the use of SL regarding the EPAS core competencies as published by the Council on Social Work Education in 2008 for cultural diversity and application to client assessment.
Laparoscopy for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Cryptorchdism with Non-Palpable Testis

Objective To report the role of laparoscopy in the diagnosis and management of nonpalpable testis and analysize with related data.Methods76 patients(85 sides) aging from 10month-10years underwent laparoscopy for nonpalpable testis.ResultsThe findings and management included:1.ABSence of testis(15 sides,17.6%),blind-ending or hypoplastic spermatic vessels and vas deferens were observed;2.Cord structure entering the internal inguinal ring(49 sides,57.7%),an inguinal exploration was needed;3.Intra-abdominal testis(21 sides,24.7%),orchidopexy or orchidopexy in one or two stages was indicated.NO serious complications occurred.ConclusionLaparoscopy for the impalpable testis has proved to be a reliable means confirming the diagnosis of impalpable testis before operation and the virtue of minimal trauma and fast recovery.It also can help surgeon to make sure presence or ABSence and position of testes,and to plan the method of operation and accomplish operation.Laparoscopy exploration is the best choice of treatment in pretecting the fertilities of patients with the impalpable testis.
Prolonged survival from renal cell carcinoma after renal allotransplantation.

AbstractWe herein report on a patient who was subjected to bilateral nephrectomy in the course of treating unilateral renal cell carcinoma. The patient has survived for 3½ years free of tumor and has had normal renal function after a 4 antigen match cadaver kidney allograft.
Target Acquisition and the Crowd Actor

Work in human-computer interaction has generally assumed either a single user or a group of users working together in a shared virtual space. Recent crowd-powered systems use a different model in which a dynamic group of individuals (the crowd) collectively form a single actor that responds to real-time performance tasks, e.g., controlling an on-screen character, driving a robot, or operating an existing desktop interface. In this paper, we introduce the idea of the crowd actor as a way to model coordination strategies and resulting collective performance, and discuss how the crowd actor is influenced not only by the domain on which it is asked to operate but also by the personality endowed to it by algorithms used to combine the inputs of constituent participants. Nowhere is the focus on the individual performer more finely resolved than in the study of the human psychomotor system, a mainstay topic in psychology that, largely owing to Fitts’ law, also has a legacy in HCI. Therefore, we explored our notion of a crowd actor by modeling the crowd as a individual motor system performing pointing tasks. We combined the input of 200 participants in a controlled offline experiment to demonstrate the inherent trade-offs between speed and errors based on personality, the number of constituent individuals, and the mechanism used to distribute work across the group. Finally, 10 workers participated in a synchronous experiment to explore how the crowd actor responds in a real online setting. This work contributes to the beginning of a predictive science for the general crowd actor model.
Work Ethic and Work Outcomes in an Expanded Criterion Domain

Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate relationships between dimensions of work ethic and dimensions of organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) and counterproductive work behavior (CWB).
The Business Economist’s Toolkit

Business economists are not members of the high church of academic orthodoxy. Our tool kit includes research functions, such as business cycle analysis, demographics research, data analytics, primary research, diversity of thought, and client research. It also includes personal skills that should be cultivated and practiced, such as curiosity, maintaining a nonpartisan view, humility, courage, and effective communication.
Effect of PR interval prolongation on long-term outcomes in patients with left bundle branch block vs non–left bundle branch block morphologies undergoing cardiac resynchronization therapy

Background Although the influence of QRS duration (QRSd) and/or bundle branch block morphology on outcomes of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) have been well studied, the effect of PR interval remains uncertain. Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of PR prolongation (PRp) before CRT on long-term outcomes, specifically taking into account bundle branch block morphology and QRSd. Methods We extracted clinical data on consecutive patients undergoing CRT. Multivariate models were constructed to analyze the effect of PRp (≥200 ms) on the combined endpoint of death, heart transplant, or left ventricular assist device. Kaplan–Meier curves were constructed stratifying patients based on bundle branch block and QRSd (dichotomized by 150 ms). Results Of the 472 patients who met inclusion criteria, 197 (41.7%) had PR interval ≥200 ms. During follow-up (mean 5.1 ± 2.6 years) there were 214 endpoints, of which 109 (23.1%) occurred in patients with PRp. In multivariate analysis, PRp was independently associated with worsened outcomes (hazard ratio 1.34, 95% confidence interval 1.01–1.77, P = .04). When stratified by bundle branch block morphology, PRp was significantly associated with worsened outcomes (log-rank P P = .55). Among patients with LBBB, stratified by QRSd, patients without PRp had improved outcomes compared to those with PRp independent of QRSd (log-rank P Conclusion PRp is an independent predictor of impaired long-term outcome after CRT among patients with LBBB but not in non-LBBB patients. Notably, among LBBB patients, PRp is a more important predictor than QRSd in assessing long-term outcomes.
Palliative Care Exposure in Internal Medicine Residency Education: A Survey of ACGME Internal Medicine Program Directors:

As the baby boomer generation ages, the need for palliative care services will be paramount and yet training for palliative care physicians is currently inadequate to meet the current palliative care needs. Nonspecialty-trained physicians will need to supplement the gap between supply and demand. Yet, no uniform guidelines exist for the training of internal medicine residents in palliative care. To our knowledge, no systematic study has been performed to evaluate how internal medicine residencies currently integrate palliative care into their training. In this study, we surveyed 338 Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education-accredited internal medicine program directors. We queried how palliative care was integrated into their training programs. The vast majority of respondents felt that palliative care training was "very important" (87.5%) and 75.9% of respondents offered some kind of palliative care rotation, often with a multidisciplinary approach. Moving forward, we are hopeful that the data provided from our survey will act as a launching point for more formal investigations into palliative care education for internal medicine residents. Concurrently, policy makers should aid in palliative care instruction by formalizing required palliative care training for internal medicine residents.
‘It Brings Generation to Generation:’ An Introduction and Annotated Translation of Ben-Zion Mossinson’s ‘Land and Language in the Evolution of Zionism’

In 1916, Hebrew educator and Zionist official Ben-Zion Mossinson embarked on a multiyear stay in America following his expulsion from Ottoman Palestine. He joined forces there with other prominent Eastern European and Palestinian Zionist envoys – Shemaryahu Levin, Menachem Sheinkin, and Baer Epshtein, to name a few – all of whom worked as itinerant propagandists, crisscrossing the country in search of potential donors and new recruits. While in America, Mossinson published his brief reflections on the history of Zionism and the essence of Jewish culture, ‘Land and Language in the Evolution of Zionism,’ and delivered speeches based on this article. ‘Land and Language,’ translated below from the original Yiddish, sheds light on the contours of Zionism in America during the war.
Molecular Identification of Thrips Species Infesting Cotton in the Southeastern United States

Traditional identification of thrips species based on morphology is difficult, laborious, and especially challenging for immature thrips. To support monitoring and management efforts of thrips as consistent and widespread pests of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), a probe-based quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay with crude DNA extraction was developed to allow efficient and specific identification of the primary species of thrips infesting cotton. The assay was applied to identify over 5,000 specimens of thrips (including 3,366 immatures) collected on cotton seedlings from Alabama, Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Virginia in 2016. One half of all adult samples were examined by morphological identification, which provided a statistically equivalent species composition as the qPCR method. Frankliniella fusca (Hinds) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) was the dominant species across all the locations (76.8-94.3% of adults and 81.6-98.0% of immatures), followed by Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in Georgia, North Carolina, and Virginia (4.6-19% of adults and 1.7-17.3% of immatures) or Frankliniella tritici (Fitch) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in South Carolina (10.8% of adults and 7.8% of immatures). Thrips tabaci (Lindeman) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) and Neohydatothrips variabilis (Beach) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) were occasionally found among adults but were rarely present among immature thrips. These five species of thrips represented 98.2-100% of samples collected across the Southeast. The qPCR assay was demonstrated to be a valuable tool for large-scale monitoring of species composition of thrips at different life stages in cotton. The tool will contribute to a better understanding of thrips population structure in cotton and could assist with development and application of improved management strategies.
Assessment of the Genetic Architecture of Alzheimer's Disease Risk in Rate of Memory Decline.

Many genetic studies for Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) have been focused on the identification of common genetic variants associated with AD risk and not on other aspects of the disease, such as age at onset or rate of dementia progression. There are multiple approaches to untangling the genetic architecture of these phenotypes. We hypothesized that the genetic architecture of rate of progression is different than the risk for developing AD dementia. To test this hypothesis, we used longitudinal clinical data from ADNI and the Knight-ADRC at Washington University and we calculated PRS (polygenic risk score) based on the IGAP study to compare the genetic architecture of AD risk and dementia progression. Dementia progression was measured by the change of Clinical Dementia Rating Sum of Boxes (CDR)-SB per year. Out of the 21 loci for AD risk, no association with the rate of dementia progression was found. The PRS rate was significantly associated with the rate of dementia progression (β=0.146, p.value= 0.03). In the case of rare variants, TREM2 (β=0.309, p.value=0.02) was also associated with the rate of dementia progression. TREM2 variant carriers showed a 23% faster rate of dementia compared with non-variant carriers. In conclusion, our results indicate that the recently identified common and rare variants for AD susceptibility have a limited impact on the rate of dementia progression in AD patients.
1714a Parkinsonism predictive model in mn-exposed workers

Introduction Manganese (Mn) over-exposure in occupational settings is associated with basal ganglia toxicity and a movement disorder characterised by parkinsonism (i.e., the signs and symptoms of Parkinson disease). A simple test to help non-neurologists identify workers with clinical Mn neurotoxicity represents an unmet need. Methods Using a cohort of 536 Mn-exposed workers, age ≤65 years, from welding worksites, with extensive clinical data, we developed a linear regression model to predict the Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale motor subsection part 3 (UPDRS3) score. We primarily considered factors easily obtained in a primary care or occupational medicine clinic, including timed motor task results and selected symptoms/conditions. Secondarily we considered other demographic variables and welding exposure. We selected the model based on simplicity for clinical application, biologic plausibility, and statistical significance and magnitude of regression coefficients. Results The final model contained age, timed motor task scores for each hand, and indicators of action tremor, speech difficulty, anxiety, depression, loneliness, pain and current cigarette smoking. When we examined how well the model identified workers with clinically significant parkinsonism (UPDRS3 ≥15), the receiver operating characteristic area under the curve (AUC) was 0.72 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.67, 0.77). With a cut point that provided 80% sensitivity, specificity was 52%, the positive predictive value in our cohort was 29%, and the negative predictive value was 92%. Using the same cut point for predicted UPDRS3, the AUC was nearly identical for UPDRS3 ≥10, and was 0.83 (95% CI: 0.76 to 0.90) for UPDRS3 ≥20. Conclusion Since welding exposure data were not required after including its putative effects, this model may help identify workers with clinically significant Mn neurotoxicity in a variety of settings, as a first step in a tiered occupational screening program.
Double-Row Arthroscopic Subscapularis Repair: A Surgical Technique

Abstract The subscapularis is the strongest rotator cuff muscle in the shoulder. Until recently, most surgical repairs were performed through an open approach. Furthermore, the reporting of arthroscopic repair techniques and outcomes is fairly limited. This is likely due to the difficulty involved in all-arthroscopic repairs and the relative rarity of this injury compared with injuries of the other rotator cuff tendons. Arthroscopic subscapularis repair can be challenging, even for an expert surgeon, and attempting a double-row repair adds further complexity. Given these issues, this article provides techniques to allow for successful arthroscopic double-row subscapularis repair and avoid potential complications. The key features of an arthroscopic double-row repair include portal placement, surgical technique, and tips to avoid potential pitfalls, all of which are discussed.
Extrapolation‐based Bandwidth Selectors: A Review and Comparative Study with Discussion on Bivariate Applications

Cross‐validation is a widely used tool in selecting the smoothing parameter in a non‐parametric procedure. However, it suffers from large sampling variation and tends to overfit the data set. Many attempts have been made to reduce the variance of cross‐validation. This paper focuses on two recent proposals of extrapolation‐based cross‐validation bandwidth selectors: indirect cross‐validation and subsampling‐extrapolation technique. In univariate case, we notice that using a fixed value parameter surrogate for indirect cross‐validation works poorly when the true density is hard to estimate, while the subsampling‐extrapolation technique is more robust to non‐normality. We investigate whether a hybrid bandwidth selector could benefit from the advantages of both approaches and compare the performance of different extrapolation‐based bandwidth selectors through simulation studies, real data analyses and large sample theory. A discussion on their extension to bivariate case is also presented.
Thermodynamic Properties of Ideal Systems

The Gibbs phase rule is derived, based on constraints governing coexisting components, and an elementary exposition of irreversible processes and the approach to equilibrium is provided. Criteria for characterizing ideal gaseous and solid solutions are established. The thermodynamic functions governing properties of ideal gases and of solutions are derived. An extended discussion of the lowering of freezing points of ideal solutions is offered. The thermodynamic treatments of chemical reactions and of their equilibrium constants under a variety of conditions are carefully developed, and interrelations between various formulations are studied. Of necessity, some of the derivations repeat standard expositions.
On the Nature of Gestational Trophoblastic Disease

It is for me most gratifying to be called upon to serve as your Honorary President for this First World Congress of Trophoblastic Disease. Your kindness in providing me with this acknowledgement is most satisfying reward for over three decades of effort toward the resolution of some of the problems we shall review.
Environmental influence on brain, behavior, and gene expression in Drosophila

Environmental stress (nutritive, chemical, electromagnetic and thermal) has been shown to disrupt central nervous system (CNS) development in every model system studied to date. However, empirical linkages between stress, specific targets in the brain, and consequences for behavior have rarely been established. The present study experimentally demonstrates one such linkage by examining the effects of ecologically-relevant thermal stress on development of the Drosophila melanogaster mushroom body (MB), a conserved sensory integration and associative center in the insect brain. We show that a daily hyperthermic episode throughout larval and pupal development (1) severely disrupts MB anatomy by reducing intrinsic Kenyon cell (KC) neuron numbers but has little effect on other brain structures or general anatomy, and (2) greatly impairs associative odor learning in adults, despite having little effect on memory or sensory acuity. Hence, heat stress of ecologically relevant duration and intensity can impair brain development and learning potential.
Allocating Cancer-Directed Expenditures: Tensions Between Prevention, Early Detection and Treatment is Unnecessary

In most countries, the allocation of financial resources for cancer prevention, early detection, and treatment come from different nonrelated “silos.” Primary prevention benefits have the greatest economic return since the cancer benefits are intertwined with other major health conditions. Smoking alone accounts for about one-third cancer deaths. In most affluent countries, vaccines for selected viral caused cancers are (wisely) widely available if not optimally utilized. Estimating the additional cancer burden from obesity is still evolving. Age-targeted, less frequent but higher rates of participation in early detection of cervical, breast, and colorectal cancer will likely be prudent expenditures.
Shape-changing linear molecular bottlebrushes with dually pH- and thermo-responsive diblock copolymer side chains

This article reports on the synthesis and responsive behavior of shape-changing linear molecular bottlebrushes containing dually pH- and thermo-responsive diblock copolymer side chains. Using a “click” grafting to method, we synthesized linear homografted molecular brushes composed of diblock copolymer side chains with pH-responsive poly(2-(N,N-diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (PDEAEMA) as inner block and thermoresponsive poly(methoxytri(ethylene glycol) acrylate) (PTEGMA) as outer block. Dynamic light scattering studies showed that the brushes exhibited a sharp decrease in hydrodynamic size with increasing pH across the pKa of PDEAEMA and the size leveled off at higher pH. This is in contrast to the molecular brushes with only PDEAEMA homopolymer side chains, which underwent aggregation and precipitation in basic solution even at a concentration of 0.2 mg g−1. Atomic force microscopy confirmed the cylindrical morphology of the brushes at acidic pH and pH-induced cylinder-to-globule transitions. In addition, the use of PTEGMA as outer block provided another means to control the solution state of the collapsed brushes; above the lower critical transition temperature of PTEGMA, the brushes clustered at higher concentrations but remained unaggregated at lower concentrations. The switching of molecular shape, stabilization of collapsed nano-objects, and control of solution state reported here may enable new potential applications of stimuli-responsive shape-changing molecular brushes.
Multi-fidelity orbit uncertainty propagation

Abstract To reduce computation time while limiting loss in accuracy when propagating an orbit state probability density function, this work seeks to develop an adaptive approach to multi-fidelity uncertainty propagation for applications in astrodynamics. Using the method of stochastic collocation, a set of particles produced via a low-fidelity solver defines a basis used in the surrogate over the space of propagated states. This basis allows for identifying a subset of important samples that are re-propagated using a high-fidelity propagator, which defines a correction for the original basis. This approach reduces computation time for propagating a particle ensemble or a Gaussian mixture model via the unscented transform. This paper demonstrates the efficacy of this method for several Earth-orbit test cases, and provides a means for merging general and special perturbation theories to produce a posterior probability density function more statistically consistent with a precise estimated state.
Network Archaeology via Epidemic Processes: The Case of Growing Trees

We ask to what extent is the state of an epidemic process on a dynamic network informative about the network's past evolution. To answer this question, we formulate it as a hypothesis testing problem, wherein one must distinguish between two alternative timelines leading to the same graph. For the case in which both timelines are growing trees, we give sufficient conditions under which two timelines are distinguishable with high probability. We then give an example application of the general results to a natural model of randomly growing trees. The analysis of our estimators relies on information-theoretic techniques to bound the correlation between random variables.
Degrees of freedom analysis in educational research and decision-making: leveraging qualitative data to promote excellence in bioinformatics training and education

Qualitative data are commonly collected in higher, graduate and postgraduate education; however, perhaps especially in the quantitative sciences, utilization of these qualitative data for decision-making can be challenging. A method for the analysis of qualitative data is the degrees of freedom analysis (DoFA), published in 1975. Given its origins in political science and its application in mainly business contexts, the DoFA method is unlikely to be discoverable or used to understand survey or other educational data obtained from teaching, training or evaluation. This article therefore introduces and demonstrates the DoFA with modifications specifically to support educational research and decision-making with examples in bioinformatics. DoFA identifies and aligns theoretical or applied principles with qualitative evidence. The demonstrations include two hypothetical examples, and a case study of the role of scaffolding in an independent project ('capstone') of a graduate course in biostatistics. Included to promote inquiry, inquiry-based learning and the development of research skills, the capstone is often scaffolded (instructor-supported and therefore, formative), although it is intended to be summative. The case analysis addresses the question of whether the scaffolding provided for a capstone assignment affects its utility for formative or summative assessment. The DoFA is also used to evaluate the relative efficacies of other models for scaffolding the capstone project. These examples are intended to both explain this method and to demonstrate how it can be used to make decisions within a curriculum or for bioinformatics training.
Transport Evidence for Sulfur Vacancies as the Origin of Unintentional n-Type Doping in Pyrite FeS 2

Pyrite FeS2 has long been considered a potential earth-abundant low-cost photovoltaic material for thin-film solar cells but has been plagued by low power conversion efficiencies and open-circuit voltages. Recent efforts have identified a lack of understanding and control of doping, as well as uncontrolled surface conduction, as key roadblocks to the development of pyrite photovoltaics. In particular, while n-type bulk behavior in unintentionally doped single crystals and thin films is speculated to arise from sulfur vacancies (VS), proof remains elusive. Here, we provide strong evidence, from extensive electronic transport measurements on high-quality crystals, that VS are deep donors in bulk pyrite. Otherwise identical crystals grown via chemical vapor transport under varied S vapor pressures are thoroughly characterized structurally and chemically, and shown to exhibit systematically different electronic transport. Decreased S vapor pressure during growth leads to reduced bulk resistivity, increased bu...
User choice of interactive data visualization format: The effects of cognitive style and spatial ability

Abstract Interactive data visualization has become an important tool for business executives in monitoring key performance indicators, analyzing business process data, and managing individual and organizational performances. One of the key features in interactive data visualization is that users have direct control over how information is presented during the decision-making process. Few studies have examined how users choose visualization formats in such an environment. In this study, we investigate how cognitive style, spatial ability, and task difficulty affect the preference and choice of visualization formats and how the chosen visualization format in turn affects decision accuracy and confidence. Our results show that the choice of visualization format is affected by a user's cognitive style and task difficulty. While decision performances in accuracy and confidence are affected by task difficulty, spatial ability, and visualization format, they are largely not affected by the interactions between visualization format and cognitive style, spatial ability, and task difficulty.
Social distance and texting while driving: A behavioral economic analysis of social discounting

AbstractObjective: Texting while driving is a dangerous behavior. Drivers continue to engage in the behavior despite knowing its risks, and the factors responsible for the decision to text while dr...
Nonverbal Communication and Writing Deficiencies of Graduates: Research by Undergraduates for Undergraduates:

Effective organizational socialization demands soft skill competence. This article advances two goals: (a) explore the inclusion of undergraduate researchers in the scholarship of teaching and lear...
Congenital complete heart block in the setting of severe pre-eclampsia requiring urgent cesarean section.

Abstract Congenital complete heart block is a rare phenomenon that may be discovered during pregnancy in patients who were previously asymptomatic. Peripartum management of these patients mandates a multidisciplinary approach with careful planning regarding indications for pacing, appropriate anesthetic technique, and contingency planning. Approaches to anesthetic management for congenital complete heart block have been described, but management in association with severe pre-eclampsia has not been reported. We describe the anesthetic management of a parturient with complete heart block who presented with severe pre-eclampsia requiring urgent cesarean section.
Vitamin A and its association with inflammatory disease from dry off through the fresh period

Vitamin A is an essential nutrient and is well established to be crucial for regulating hematopoiesis, epithelial integrity, vision, and embryogenesis. In humans, vitamin A deficiency is associated with increased risk of morbidity, mortality, and a decreased immune response to vaccines. However, despite being the first vitamin discovered, little is known about its role in these outcomes in dairy cows. Dairy cows experience a significant decrease in serum vitamin A concentrations at the time of calving when cows are most at risk for disease. Previous study findings show conflicting results as to the effects of vitamin A and diseases such as mastitis in dairy cows. However, many studies with negative results are limited by their small sample size and short study period. The objective of this study was to investigate the associations between vitamin A and known disease biomarkers for fresh cow diseases as well as incidents of disease.
Acidification and hypoxia interactively affect metabolism in embryos, but not larvae, of the coastal forage fish Menidia menidia.

Ocean acidification is occurring in conjunction with warming and deoxygenation as a result of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. Multistressor experiments are critically needed to better understand the sensitivity of marine organisms to these concurrent changes. Growth and survival responses to acidification have been documented for many marine species, but studies that explore underlying physiological mechanisms of carbon dioxide (CO2) sensitivity are less common. We investigated oxygen consumption rates as proxies for metabolic responses in embryos and newly hatched larvae of an estuarine forage fish (Atlantic silverside, Menidia menidia) to factorial combinations of CO2×temperature or CO2×oxygen. Metabolic rates of embryos and larvae significantly increased with temperature, but partial pressure of CO2 (PCO2) alone did not affect metabolic rates in any experiment. However, there was a significant interaction between PCO2 and partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) in embryos, because metabolic rates were unaffected by PO2 level at ambient PCO2, but decreased with declining PO2 under elevated PCO2. For larvae, however, PCO2 and PO2 had no significant effect on metabolic rates. Our findings suggest high individual variability in metabolic responses to high PCO2, perhaps due to parental effects and time of spawning. We conclude that early life metabolism is largely resilient to elevated PCO2 in this species, but that acidification likely influences energetic responses and thus vulnerability to hypoxia.
Equine Nasal Endoscopy: Treating Bullae Disease and Sinus Disease.

The nasal conchal bullae (dorsal and ventral) are separate, air-filled structures within their respective dorsal and ventral nasal conchae. Computed tomography scans have assisted with the increasing diagnosis of empyema of the nasal conchae. This condition is usually associated with dental or sinus disease. Drainage of affected bullae is considered critical for resolution of clinical signs. The ventral conchal bullae can be easily viewed with a standard 10 mm diameter flexible endoscopy via the middle nasal meatus. This approach can also be used for fenestration of the bullae, using a diode laser, equine laryngeal forceps, or bipolar vessel sealing device.
Study of Longitudinal Aging in Mice: Presentation of Experimental Techniques

Aging is associated with functional and metabolic decline and is a risk factor for all noncommunicable diseases. Even though mice are routinely used for modeling human aging and aging-related conditions, no comprehensive assessment to date has been conducted on normative mouse aging. To address this gap, the Study of Longitudinal Aging in Mice (SLAM) was designed and implemented by the National Institute on Aging (NIA/NIH) as the mouse counterpart to the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA). In this manuscript, we describe the premise, study design, methodologies, and technologies currently employed in SLAM. We also discuss current and future study directions. In this large population mouse study, inbred C57BL/6J and outbred UM-HET3 mice of both sexes are longitudinally evaluated for functional, phenotypic, and biological health, and collection of biospecimens is conducted throughout their life span. Within the longitudinal cohorts, a cross-sectional arm of the study has also been implemented for the well-controlled collection of tissues to generate a biorepository. SLAM and studies stemming from SLAM seek to identify and characterize phenotypic and biological predictors of mouse aging and age-associated conditions, examine the degrees of functional and biomolecular variability that occur within inbred and genetically heterogeneous mouse populations with age, and assess whether these changes are consistent with alterations observed in human aging in BLSA. The findings from these studies will be critical for evaluating the utility of mouse models for studying different aspects of aging, both in terms of interpreting prior findings and designing and implementing future studies.
Path integral Monte Carlo simulations of dense carbon-hydrogen plasmas.

Carbon-hydrogen plasmas and hydrocarbon materials are of broad interest to laser shock experimentalists, high energy density physicists, and astrophysicists. Accurate equations of state (EOSs) of hydrocarbons are valuable for various studies from inertial confinement fusion to planetary science. By combining path integral Monte Carlo (PIMC) results at high temperatures and density functional theory molecular dynamics results at lower temperatures, we compute the EOSs for hydrocarbons from simulations performed at 1473 separate (ρ, T)-points distributed over a range of compositions. These methods accurately treat electronic excitation effects with neither adjustable parameter nor experimental input. PIMC is also an accurate simulation method that is capable of treating many-body interaction and nuclear quantum effects at finite temperatures. These methods therefore provide a benchmark-quality EOS that surpasses that of semi-empirical and Thomas-Fermi-based methods in the warm dense matter regime. By comparing our first-principles EOS to the LEOS 5112 model for CH, we validate the specific heat assumptions in this model but suggest that the Gruneisen parameter is too large at low temperatures. Based on our first-principles EOSs, we predict the principal Hugoniot curve of polystyrene to be 2%-5% softer at maximum shock compression than that predicted by orbital-free density functional theory and SESAME 7593. By investigating the atomic structure and chemical bonding of hydrocarbons, we show a drastic decrease in the lifetime of chemical bonds in the pressure interval from 0.4 to 4 megabar. We find the assumption of linear mixing to be valid for describing the EOS and the shock Hugoniot curve of hydrocarbons in the regime of partially ionized atomic liquids. We make predictions of the shock compression of glow-discharge polymers and investigate the effects of oxygen content and C:H ratio on its Hugoniot curve. Our full suite of first-principles simulation results may be used to benchmark future theoretical investigations pertaining to hydrocarbon EOSs and should be helpful in guiding the design of future experiments on hydrocarbons in the gigabar regime.
Intercostal Nerve Block

Intercostal nerve block is performed for intercostal neuralgia and chest wall pain. This chapter provides a step-by-step guide on how to perform this intervention safely and shows all the relevant C-arm and needle positions that need to be demonstrated during the Fellow of Interventional Pain Practice (FIPP) exam administered by the World Institute of Pain (WIP). Both native and edited high-quality images are included, so the fluoroscopy anatomy is more easily understood.
Clinical Trial Design in Neuroimmunology

Clinical trial design in neuroimmunology has evolved over time, which reflects our increased knowledge of these diseases. Clinical trials have provided great insights into these conditions resulting in the approval of disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) for multiple sclerosis (MS) and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disease (NMOSD) along with symptomatic therapies such as dalfampridine. Treatment of relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) has seen dramatic changes with therapies that can stabilize the vast majority of patients with more than 20 drugs available including generics. Progressive MS has proven to be a more challenging frontier, although treatments are beginning to become available. New therapies are available for NMOSD. Additionally, clinical trials are also helping us understand how to use these DMTs. This chapter describes how treatments are approved, frameworks for evaluating clinical trials, and the evolution of clinical trial design including newer trial design concepts to help the reader better interpret these studies.
Understanding the determinants of circadian health disparities and cardiovascular disease

Emerging research suggests that sleep contributes to racial disparities in cardiovascular disease (CVD). Racial/ethnic minorities are disproportionately affected by poor cardiovascular outcomes including obesity, hypertension and diabetes. Although circadian rhythms affect sleep patterns, few studies have examined disparities in circadian health or the contribution of circadian disparities to CVD. In this paper, we provide an overview of the relation between circadian health and CVD in the context of health disparities. We discuss (1) the current knowledge on racial disparities in circadian health; (2) social and environmental determinants of circadian health disparities; (3) the cardiovascular consequences of circadian disparities; and (4) future opportunities to advance the field of circadian disparities. In brief, our findings demonstrated that among a small literature, racial minorities (mainly African American) were more likely to have a shorter circadian period, delayed phase shifts, and were more likely to be shift workers, which are associated with CVD risk factors. Given racial minorities are disproportionately affected by CVD and CVD risk factors, it is important to further understand circadian health as an intervention target and support more research among racial minorities to understand circadian health in these populations.
Regional gastric mucosal blood flow measurements by hydrogen gas clearance in the anesthetized rat and rabbit

Abstract Hydrogen gas clearance using 3% hydrogen in air and platinum contact electrodes was employed for measuring antral and corpus mucosal Wood flow in anesthetized animals. Significantly greater antral than corpus mucosal blood flow was consistently demonstrated. Corpus but not antral mucosal blood flow showed a significant dose-related increase with intravenous pentagastrin. Vasopressin induced a significant dose-related decrease in both antral and corpus mucosal blood flow. Simultaneous measurement of basal corpus mucosal blood flow by hydrogen gas clearance and of gastric mucosal blood flow by aminopyrine clearance gave similar values, but the changes with intravenous pentagastrin or vasopressin measured by aminopyrine clearance were of a much higher order of magnitude. Hydrogen gas clearance, however, reflected changes in left gastric artery blood flow much more closely than did aminopyrine clearance. Therefore, we conclude that the hydrogen gas clearance technique as described is valid for measuring regional gastric mucosal blood flow. It is safe and has potential application in human studies.
Harmala Alkaloids as Bee Signaling Chemicals

Harmala alkaloids are pharmaceutically active molecules that can be found in various plants. These alkaloids are fluorescent molecules in the range of 300-700nm. Coincidently, bees have a similar visible range of 300-600nm. This study takes these observations and interweaves them into a hypothesis: since bees use their sight to find flowers to pollinate, then these flowers contain harmala alkaloids that would be visible to bees. It can then be inferred harmala alkaloids attract bees. In other words, harmala alkaloids are functional components of plants. In order to determine harmala alkaloids content, standard solutions of harmine, harmaline, harmane, harmol, and harmalol will be compared with extractions from plant samples using high performance liquid chromatography and fluorescence.A variety of plants were chosen to represent three categories. The first is plants that are found to be insect pollinated, these include lemon balm (Melissa officinali), common rue (Ruta graveolens), meadow rue (Thalictrum aquilegifolium), hydrangea (Hydrangea arborescens), spirea (Spirea japonica), forget-me-not (Myosotis scorpioides), blue star grass (Sisyrinchium augustifolium), common rue (Ruta graveolens) and meadow rue (Thalictrum aquilegifolium). The second category represents wind pollinated plants, including sugar maple (Acer saccharum), white velvet (Tradescantia sillamontana), meadow rue (Thalictrum ichangense), rhoeo (Rhoeo spathacea). Finally, a control was also analyzed. The lady fern (Athyrium felix-femina) was chosen because it is not genetically related to the plants in categories one or two and is not insect or wind pollinated.Following chemical analysis, each of the insect pollinated plants was found to contain harmala alkaloids. The lady fern (Athyrium felix-femina) contained no harmala alkaloids, as well as the wind pollinated plants. Due to these results as well as a study of bee behavior, we were able to conclude that harmala alkaloids are present in plants that attract bees. This study both contributes to an understanding of factors involved in pollination and can be used as a guide for further investigation into a natural source of harmala alkaloids.