cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fidelity, mismatch extension, and proofreading measurements of apPOL, the Plasmodium falciparum apicoplast-targeted DNA polymerase

Malaria is one of the most common infectious diseases found in developing and tropical regions of the world. It is contracted over 200 million times annually, almost 800,000 of which are fatal. The primary causative agent of malaria is Plasmodium falciparum, a parasite of the phylum Apicomplexa, members of which are characterized by an essential non-photosynthetic organelle called the apicoplast. Like the chloroplast and mitochondria, the apicoplast contains its own genome, which needs to be properly replicated with each cell division for continued survival. To date, the gene PfPREX, a novel polyprotein, encodes for the only known helicase, primase, and polymerase involved in replication of the genome of the apicoplast. In this investigation we characterized the fidelity of the DNA polymerase (apPOL) and examined its ability to extend or remove various baseparing mismatches. This allowed us to determine the relative likelihood of each misincorporation. The purpose of these investigations is to better understand apPOL, which is a vital part of the machinery of Plasmodium falciparum as well as a unique polymerase itself. While the other two products of PfPREX have been shown to be related to those of T7 bacteriophage, the most similar polymerase to apPOL is that of DNA polymerase I of Aquifex aeolicus, a thermophilic bacteria. It is also part of a small group of polymerases that are related to but distinct from prototypical A-family DNA polymerases. For these reasons we have chosen to investigate this important DNA polymerase.
Countable Alphabet Non-autonomous Self-affine Sets

We extend Falconer’s formula from Falconer (Math. Proc. Camb. Philos. Soc. 103:339–350, 1988) by identifying the Hausdorff dimension of the limit sets of almost all contracting affine iterated function systems to the case of an infinite alphabet, non-autonomous choice of iterating matrices, and time-dependent random choice of translations.
How well do we manage the odontogenic keratocyst? A multicenter study

Objective The aim of this study was to answer the following clinical questions: Among patients treated for odontogenic keratocysts (OKCs), what is the overall 5-year disease-free rate, and what factors are associated with disease recurrence? Study Design We implemented a multicenter retrospective cohort study composed of patients presenting for the evaluation and management of previously untreated OKCs. The predictor variables were grouped into demographic, medical, radiographic, and operative categories. The primary outcome variable was time to lesion recurrence. Data analyses were performed by using bivariate analysis and univariate or multivariate Cox proportional hazards models. Results The study sample was composed of 231 OKCs. Of these, 57 (24.7%) were treated with decompression with residual cystectomy, 86 (37.2%) with enucleation without adjuvant therapy, and 78 (33.8%) with enucleation with peripheral ostectomy. There were 44 recurrences (19%), with a median time to recurrence of 26.7 months (range 15.8–49.8). Conclusions This multicenter study is the largest study analyzing disease recurrence after treatment of OKCs by using appropriate statistical analysis for a time-to-event outcome (disease recurrence). The 5-year disease-free estimate was 29%. Mandibular lesions, multilocular lesions, and lesions treated with decompression and residual cystectomy were associated with recurrence.
Chickens, feed grains, or both: the Mexican market.

This study connects Mexico’s imports of U.S. broiler meat with its imports of feed products. Two demand systems for Mexico are estimated: a two-stage Almost Ideal Demand System (AIDS) model for broiler meat and a demand for feed derived from a translog cost function representing the production of Mexican chickens. The models are estimated using data from 1997 to 2016. Given a change in policy where Mexico completely replaces U.S. broiler meat imports, the imports of U.S. feed products will increase. If Mexico does not completely replace U.S. imports with domestic broiler production, our model suggests that Mexican imports of U.S. feed fall.
Evaluation of current and future hourly weather data intended for building designs: A Philadelphia case study

Abstract Global warming presents a critical grand challenge for 21st-century building design and operation. Today's buildings are designed using reference year databases that represent past weather observations and do not account for future weather scenarios predicated on global and regional climate models. But these models lack the required spatial and temporal resolution to be utilized in dynamic building simulation tools. The present article reviews methods for generating current, as well as future weather files used in dynamic building simulation tools for the City of Philadelphia. Our findings suggest that current TMY files are not suitable to capture predicted trends of global warming. Running a statistical t-test revealed a tendency to underestimate key parameters such as dry bulb temperature of the weather files. A comparison between outputs of four different weather tools in generating future weather data indicates significant variance in predicting the dry bulb temperature range, and an overall increase in extreme and mean figures. The variations among the generators in predicting global horizontal irradiation and wind speed are small. However, the diffuse normal irradiation increases in all predictions through future time slices. A correlation analysis is conducted on the outputs of each weather generator in order to investigate bivariate correlations for both current and future weather data. The discrepancies and uncertainties among the weather files are identified and a process for addressing uncertainties is outlined. This investigation is intended to guide the development of weather data sets for building design, also address challenges regarding the generation and use of current and future weather data sets.
Electrospun Fiber Mesh for High-Resolution Measurements of Oxygen Tension in Cranial Bone Defect Repair

Tissue oxygenation is one of the key determining factors in bone repair and bone tissue engineering. Adequate tissue oxygenation is essential for survival and differentiation of the bone-forming ce...
Magnetohydrodynamic free stream and heat transfer of nanofluid flow over an exponentially radiating stretching sheet with variable fluid properties

This paper deals with the MHD free stream nanofluid flow and heat transfer over an exponentially radiating stretching sheet accompanied with variable fluid properties. By integrating appropriate similarity transformations, the fundamental governing partial differential equations (PDEs) are transformed into nonlinear ordinary differential equations. The resulting equations are successfully solved by using shooting method and MATLAB built-in solver \emph{bvp4c}. The major effect of the skin friction coefficient, Nusselt number and Sherwood number on the flow field have been calculated. The alteration of fluid flow is governed by different parameters, magnetic parameter M, Prandtl number Pr, Lewis Number Le, thromophoresis paramter Nt, Brownian motion parameter Nb, radiation parameter Rd which are presented in tabulated format. Graphs are also plotted to observe the effects of different aforementioned parameters on velocity, temperature and concentration profiles.
General Solution and Hyers–Ulam Stability of DuoTrigintic Functional Equation in Multi-Banach Spaces

In this paper, we introduce the general form of a new duotrigintic functional equation. Then, we find the general solution and study the generalized Hyers–Ulam stability of such functional equation in multi-Banach spaces by employing fixed point technique. Also, we give an example for non-stability cases for this new functional equation.
Magnetoresistive Point Field Detector-based Current Sensing for Power Electronics with Bandwidth Extension

Giant Magnetoresistive (GMR) point field detectors (PFDs) have been integrated into power electronic converters for high-bandwidth galvanically-isolated current sensing in conductors that are especially designed for magnetic field shaping. In this work, a methodology is introduced to sense currents in standard conductors with very high bandwidth by detecting the magnetic field as a vector in multi-dimensional space. Tools are developed to identify the field components in directions that do not have frequency-dependent changes arising from skin effect in the conductors. The importance of orienting the PFD in a particular point is identified as critical to the flat frequency response of current sensing. In this paper, bandwidth extension for busbar current sensing is experimentally verified by sensing the magnetic field using a rotated 1-D GMR as well as by computing the same magnetic field vector from orthogonal X and Y outputs of a 2-D GMR PFD. Current sensing bandwidth extension using the multi-dimensionality of the magnetic field leads to compact, low-cost current sensing without complicated conductor designs.
White Blood Cell Behavior as an Organizational Metaphor

The immune system is a complex system of cells and organs that function as an identification system with the simple function of recognizing dysfunctional cells within the host and recognizing exogenous infections. White blood cell behavior brings together the understanding of threat identification, an appropriate response to the level of the threat, creation of memory to that response, and a return to a basal state after the threat. Both organizations and the immune system need to identify and create boundaries and core competencies. When organizational rules are created, they must include appropriate level of communication relative to the threat, corrective action plans to stop the error or threat, and the use of critical incident reports to describe the situation, mitigating factors, and successful conclusion of the event. For organizations, the metaphor of lymphocyte behavior allows for specific structural rules and processes that will allow it to respond appropriately to threats or error. This organizational metaphor is in keeping with our understanding of Scripture and its specificity to the world. As Christian leaders, we can use this organizational metaphor, both to better understand biologic behavior, organizational behavior, and to marvel at the specificity of creation.
Brian Josephson and the Royal Society Mond Laboratory

I was a graduate student in the Royal Society Mond Laboratory, University of Cambridge, from 1964 to 1967. I describe how my listening to a seminar by Brian Josephson followed by a crucial suggestion by our thesis advisor, Brian Pippard, the very next day launched my career for the next one-half century.
Physicochemical Changes of Deep-Fat-Fried Chicken Drumsticks Treated with Quercetin-in-Edible Coating during Storage Time.

In this study, 10% of chicken protein isolate (CPI) and quercetin (1 mg/mL) were used to develop an edible coating to improve the oxidative stability of deep-fat-fried chicken drumsticks during refrigerated storage (4 °C) for 10 days. Chicken samples with edible coating formulated with only 10% CPI served as the control. Although the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) values of the treated samples were lower than the control samples, no significant differences were observed. Quercetin-treated samples were generally harder than control samples. The pH was reduced by quercetin incorporation (p 0.05).
Identifying and Addressing Statewide Nursing Simulation Needs.

ABSTRACT A statewide simulation assessment was conducted in one southeastern state using the Program Assessment Survey for Simulation. Simulation coordinators from 22 prelicensure nursing programs were interviewed. The findings revealed several areas where faculty education was needed: theory, design, facilitation, debriefing, interprofessional education, and evaluation. A free online simulation fundamentals course was effective in addressing the areas where education was required.
A Scoping Review of Vicarious Trauma Interventions for Service Providers Working With People Who Have Experienced Traumatic Events

Health and human service providers who aid traumatized individuals frequently experience vicarious trauma (VT). Although VT plays a critical role in service providers' mental health and well-being, as well as in the quality of their service provision, little information is available concerning the development and implementation of VT interventions for service providers. To advance the development of evidence in this area, we undertook a scoping review in which we reviewed existing interventions intended to address VT among service providers working with traumatized clients. Searches of electronic databases were conducted to identify studies published in peer-reviewed journals, with no date restrictions. Over 1,315 citations were reviewed, and a total of 27 studies were included in the final review. The findings show that VT interventions in the literature can be divided broadly into four categories: psychoeducation, mindfulness intervention, art and recreational programs, and alternative medicine therapy. The VT interventions reviewed generally showed promise in their key outcomes, including reductions in secondary trauma stress, compassion fatigue, burnout, and other mental health outcomes. However, the current body of research is lacking both in rigor and in specificity regarding the definition of VT. Furthermore, existing VT interventions are generally self-care based and tend to focus on general stress management rather than addressing the specific effects of VT. Therefore, we call for an increase in efforts to tailor VT interventions to different service settings and participant characteristics, as well as greater attention to developing primary VT interventions at the organizational level.
Abstract P188: Transfer Time From Spoke ER Arrival to CSC Arrival in a Hub-Spoke Transfer Model of Thrombolysis for Acute Ischemic Stroke

Introduction: Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients who present to a spoke Emergency Room (ER) and require transfer to a comprehensive stroke center (CSC) hub face potential delays Methods: We perfo...
Toward new creative services: a case study in building a virtual reality classroom in an academic library

Virtual Reality (VR) devices are now more accessible than ever before and academic libraries are well-positioned to provide democratized access and enhance library services with the technology. In ...
NVMe-CR: A Scalable Ephemeral Storage Runtime for Checkpoint/Restart with NVMe-over-Fabrics

Emerging SSDs with NVMe-over-Fabrics (NVMf) support provide new opportunities to significantly improve the performance of IO-intensive HPC applications. However, state-of-the-art parallel filesystems can not extract the best possible performance from fast NVMe SSDs and are not designed for latency-critical ephemeral IO tasks, such as checkpoint/restart. In this paper, we propose a powerful abstraction called microfs to peel away unnecessary software layers and eliminate namespace coordination. Building upon this abstraction, we present the design of NVMe-CR, a scalable ephemeral storage runtime for clusters with disaggregated compute and storage. NVMe-CR proposes techniques like metadata provenance, log record coalescing, and logically isolated shared device access, built around the microfs abstraction, to reduce the overhead of writing millions of concurrent checkpoint files. NVMe-CR utilizes high-density allflash arrays accessible via NVMf to absorb bursty checkpoint IO and increase the progress rates of applications obliviously. Using the ECP CoMD application as a use case, results show that our runtime can achieve near perfect (> 0.96) efficiency at 448 processes and reduce checkpoint overhead by as much as 2x compared to state-of-the-art storage systems.
Thermal Adaptation: A Theoretical and Empirical Synthesis

1. Evolutionary Thermal Biology 2. Thermal Heterogeneity 3. Thermal Sensitivity 4. Thermoregulation 5. Thermal Acclimation 6. Temperature and the Life History 7. Thermal Coadaptation 8. Thermal Games 9. Adaptation to Anthropogenic Climate Change References Index
DNA Repair and Mutators: Effects on Antigenic Variation and Virulence of Bacterial Pathogens

This chapter discusses methyl-directed mismatch repair (MMR) mutators in the context of the evolution of bacterial pathogens. It is inevitable that any discussion of bacterial evolution ultimately focuses on mutation rate. Errors introduced by the DNA polymerase are circumvented both by its proofreading function and by the various DNA repair enzymes, primarily the MMR system, which monitor and repair lesions in the DNA. This underscores why DNA repair is essential to any discussion of bacterial evolution. The chemostat studies, as well as two independent reports that detected mutators among hospital isolates of Escherichia coli, suggested that mutators could persist in natural populations of bacteria. The authors have proposed that the persistence of mutator alleles in nature is the consequence of selection for new gene functions gained from promiscuous exchange, since the mutators observed are notably MMR- phenotypes. The roles that MutS, MutH, MutL, or UvrD deficiency play in the development of antigenic variation and virulence may be even more varied and subtle, due to the multiple ways these mutator phenotypes are expressed and act to affect gene structure.
Metabolic characterization of a model heterotrophic bacterium capable of significant chemical alteration of marine dissolved organic matter

Abstract The marine bacterium Alteromonas sp. AltSIO was previously found to consume an equivalent magnitude of surface coastal marine dissolved organic carbon (DOC) as diverse bacterial assemblages (Pedler et al., 2014). In this study, we sought to investigate the potential of AltSIO to alter the chemical composition of marine DOC by characterizing its capacity to metabolize a broad suite of environmentally relevant model substrates. Results showed that AltSIO had a particularly broad capacity to degrade carbohydrates relative to other marine bacteria characterized as generalist heterotrophs. Growth in seawater incubations amended with model neutral sugars and radiolabeled substrates showed that AltSIO preferentially utilized d -galactose and disaccharides, but showed little to no biomass incorporation or respiration of d -glucose. Lastly, analysis of ambient dissolved organic matter (DOM) from time-course mesocosms by ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry showed that both AltSIO grown in pure culture and a mixed bacterial community significantly altered ambient DOM, yet the alteration appeared uniform across chemical classes for both treatments. This study provides insight into the physiological mechanisms of a globally distributed generalist bacterial taxon that has the capacity to significantly alter the geochemistry of marine DOM.
Modified spinning top homogeneous spray apparatus for use in experimental respiratory disease studies.

Abstract The May spinning top generator was adapted to a modified Henderson tube for producing large aerosol particles (>4 μm) to obtain almost exclusive upper respiratory tract deposition of infectious aerosols in exposed mice. The system was installed in a biological safety cabinet to permit experimentation with pathogens. A novel mechanism utilizing parts from a machinists micrometer and the mechanical stage from a light microscope was developed for the spinning top generator as a means for precisely positioning the liquid feed needle. Aerosol light-scatter properties were continuously analyzed to provide relative measures of particle size distribution and aerosol concentration. When mice were exposed to influenza virus aerosols in which none of the virus was contained in particles with aerodynamic diameters <4 μm, essentially all of the virus was deposited in the upper respiratory tract tissues.
Managing Nonindigenous Invasive Species: Insights from Dynamic Analysis

Accidental introductions of nonindigenous invasive species impair ecosystems, increase the risk of native species extinctions, and cause substantial economic damages on a worldwide basis. Despite the magnitude of the problem, very little economic analysis has been focused on this topic to date. This manuscript develops an optimal control model of the management of a nonindigenous species stock following its introduction and establishment. We find that the influence of changes in ecological and human factors (such as the invader's intrinsic growth rate, carrying capacity, and the effectiveness of invasive species management technologies) on the optimal level of management are analytically (mathematically) ambiguous in sign and depend on the values of other parameters and variables. To estimate actual numerical solutions to the model and conduct sensitivity analyses, we construct a case study illustration based on invasive plant species on arid lands. The illustration shows that the optimal level of management effort is sensitive to biological and ecological factors (the stock's intrinsic rate of growth, the carrying capacity afforded the invasive species, and the form of the invader's growth function) that are species- and site-specific as well as uncertain given currently available scientific information. This highlights the need for better collaboration and information transfer between economists and scientists interested in this topic. Given that resources for addressing nonindigenous species threats typically are quite constrained, and complete eradication in a particular area is often technically infeasible, the model provides useful insight on optimal levels of ongoing management and how they may vary according to bioeconomic factors.
UICDS compliant resource management system for emergency response

The essential components of effective emergency management and response include pertinent information sharing across various government agencies as well as non-governmental and private organizations to assess the situation, identify the needed resources for emergency response and generate response plans. Interoperability is a key requirement for information sharing from disparate systems and organizations, such as the case in emergency response. In this paper, we present a emergency response system that comprises of the following component: (1) ontology library for resolving the semantic differences of information pertaining to the incident, its severity, resource requirements and resource availability; (2) reasoning engine for deriving the resource requirements and emergency response plans based on the policies of different agencies and modes of cooperation; (3) workflow management for visualization, status monitoring, execution, and adaptation of emergency response process; and (4) a geographical interface for visualization of situational awareness data. Utilizing the recent initiative by the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Science and Technology division to architect, develop, and deploy a standards-based information sharing infrastructure called UICDS (Unified Incident Command and Decision Support), our system enables effective information sharing and interoperability among different New Jersey state agency systems. These include the RDDB of the NJ Office of Emergency Management (NJOEM), Hippocrates of the New Jersey Department of Health and Senior Services (NJDHSS), the special person's registry of the NJ state.
Transforming graph data for statistical relational learning

Relational data representations have become an increasingly important topic due to the recent proliferation of network datasets (e.g., social, biological, information networks) and a corresponding increase in the application of Statistical Relational Learning (SRL) algorithms to these domains. In this article, we examine and categorize techniques for transforming graph-based relational data to improve SRL algorithms. In particular, appropriate transformations of the nodes, links, and/or features of the data can dramatically affect the capabilities and results of SRL algorithms. We introduce an intuitive taxonomy for data representation transformations in relational domains that incorporates link transformation and node transformation as symmetric representation tasks. More specifically, the transformation tasks for both nodes and links include (i) predicting their existence, (ii) predicting their label or type, (iii) estimating their weight or importance, and (iv) systematically constructing their relevant features. We motivate our taxonomy through detailed examples and use it to survey competing approaches for each of these tasks. We also discuss general conditions for transforming links, nodes, and features. Finally, we highlight challenges that remain to be addressed.
Optical and spin polarization dynamics in GaSe nanoslabs

We report nearly complete preservation of ``spin memory'' between optical absorption and photoluminescence (PL) in nanometer slabs of GaSe pumped with up to 0.2 eV excess energy. At cryogenic temperatures, the initial degree of circular polarization $({\ensuremath{\rho}}_{0})$ of PL approaches unity, with the major fraction of the spin polarization decaying with a time constant $g500$ ps in sub-100-nm GaSe nanoslabs. Even at room temperature, ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{0}$ as large as 0.7 is observed, while pumping 1 eV above the band edge yields ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{0}=0.15$. Angular momentum preservation for both electrons and holes is due to the separation of the nondegenerate conduction and valence bands from other bands. In contrast to valley polarization in atomically thin transition-metal dichalcogenides, here optical spin polarization is preserved in nanoslabs of 100 layers or more of GaSe.
Geoscience faculty discuss courses for future Earth science teachers

As the focus on developing our nation's scientific workforce intensifies [National Academy of Sciences, 2007], more geoscience departments are recognizing teacher preparation as an integral part of their work. Skilled geoscience teachers can excite and engage K–12 students in the geosciences, present geoscience as a rewarding career path, and ultimately contribute to a better understanding of key geoscience problems among the public. Our ability to achieve these goals starts with the quality of our teacher education programs.
The interferon-induced expression of APOBEC3G in human blood-brain barrier exerts a potent intrinsic immunity to block HIV-1 entry to central nervous system.

Abstract In the human genome, the APOBEC3 gene has expanded into a tandem array of genes termed APOBEC3A-H. Several members of this family have potent anti-HIV-1 activity. Here we demonstrate that APOBEC-3B/3C/3F and -3G are expressed in all major cellular components of the CNS. Moreover, we show that both interferon-α (IFN-α) and IFN-γ significantly enhance the expression of APOBEC-3G/3F and drastically inhibit HIV-1 replication in primary human brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMVECs), the major component of blood–brain barrier (BBB). As the viral inhibition can be neutralized by APOBEC3G-specific siRNA, APOBEC3G plays a key role to mediate the anti-HIV-1 activity of IFN-α and/or IFN-γ. Our findings suggest that, in addition to the restriction at viral entry level, the restriction from APOBEC3 family could account for the low-level replication of HIV-1 in BMVECs. The manipulation of IFN-APOBEC3 signaling pathway could be a potent therapeutic strategy to prevent HIV invasion to central nervous system (CNS).
Achieving 10Gbps network processing: are we there yet?

Scaling TCP/IP receive side processing to 10Gbps speeds on commercialserver platforms has been a major challenge. This led to the development oftwo key techniques: Large Receive Offload (LRO) and Direct Cache Access(DCA). Only recently, systems supporting these two techniques have becomeavailable. So, we want to evaluate these two techniques using 10Gigabit NICs tofind out if we can finally get 10Gbps rates. We evaluate these two techniques indetail to understand performance benefit offered by these two techniques and theremaining major overheads. Our measurements showed that LRO and DCA togetherimprove TCP/IP receive performance by more than 50% over the base case(no LRO and DCA). These two techniques combined with the improvements inthe CPU architecture and the rest of the platform over the last 3-4 years have morethan doubled the TCP/IP receive processing throughput to 7Gbps. Our detailedarchitectural characterization of TCP/IP processing, with these two features enabled,has revealed that buffer management and copy operations still take up significantamount of processing time. We also analyze the scaling behavior ofTCP/IP to figure out how multi-core architectures improve network processing.This part of our analysis has highlighted some limiting factors that need to be addressedto achieve scaling beyond 10Gbps.
Small scale bioassay for the determination of Bacillus thuringiensis toxicity toward Plodia interpunctella

Abstract A new bioassay procedure is described for determining the level of toxicity of Bacillus thuringiensis preparations toward the Indian meal moth, Plodia interpunctella. The method is rapid, accurate, and requires relatively small quantities of toxin protein. Probit dose-mortality results using the single larva bioassay technique compared favorably with results from conventional longterm diet bioassay procedures. Individual larvae could also be scored according to the approximate day of death, providing additional information regarding the kinetics of mortality.
Perceptions of helpful and unhelpful support among married individuals with rheumatic diseases

Abstract Used an ecological framework to explore what contextual factors (interpersonal, sociocultural, medical, and temporal) relate to rheumatic disease patients' perceptions of helpful and unhelpful social support. Data are presented from two studies, one of recently diagnosed rheumatoid arthritis patients (n = 62) and another of patients with rheumatic diseases of longer duration (n = 113). Respondents described the most helpful and least helpful episodes of support received. Responses were coded for type of support (emotional, tangible, informational, critical remarks) and support provider (spouse, medical professional, kin, or friend). In both studies, the perceived helpfulness of particular types of support varied by provider. Both the most and least helpful episodes involved emotional support from the spouse or tangible support from medical professionals. Other contextual variables were less strongly related to support perceptions. The findings suggest that illness contexts may create needs for ce...
Potential impacts of sea-level rise on the Mid- and Upper-Atlantic Region of the United States

We made projections of relative sea-level rise, horizontal inundation, and the associated impacts on people and infrastructure in the coastal portion of the Mid- and Upper-Atlantic Region (MUAR) of the United States. The output of five global climate models (GCMs) run under two greenhouse gas scenarios was used in combination with tide gauge observations to project sea-level increases ranging from 200 to 900 mm by 2100, depending on location, GCM and scenario. The range mainly reflects equal contributions of spatial variability (due to subsidence) and GCM uncertainty, with a smaller fraction of the range due to scenario uncertainty. We evaluated 30-m Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) using 10-m DEMs and LIDAR data at five locations in the MUAR. We found average RMS differences of 0.3 m with the 10-m DEMs and 1.2 m with the LIDAR data, much lower than the reported mean RMS errors of 7 m for the 30-m DEMs. Using the 30-m DEMs, the GCM- and scenario-means of projected sea-level rise, and local subsidence estimates, we estimated a total inundation of 2,600 km2 for the MUAR by 2100. Inundation area increases to 3,800 km2 at high tide if we incorporate local tidal ranges in the analysis. About 510,000 people and 1,000 km of road lie within this area. Inundation area per length of coastline generally increases to south, where relative sea-level rise is greater and relief is smaller. More economically developed states, such as New York and New Jersey, have the largest number of people and infrastructure exposed to risk of inundation due to sea-level rise.
The magnetic field and magnetosphere of Ganymede

Within Jupiter's magnetosphere, Ganymede's magnetic field creates a mini-magnetosphere. We show that the magnetic field measured during Galileo‧s second pass by Ganymede, with closest approach at low altitude almost directly over the moon's polar cap, can be understood to a large measure in terms of the structure of a vacuum superposition model of a uniform field and a Ganymede-centered dipole field. Departures from the simple model can be attributed principally to magnetopause currents. We show that the orientation of the observed magnetopause normal is qualitatively consistent with expectations from the vacuum superposition model. The magnetopause currents inferred from the inbound boundary crossing are closely related to expected values, and the magnetic structure of the boundary is similar to that observed at the magnetopause of Earth. We use the vacuum magnetic field model to infer the magnetic field near Ganymede's surface, and thereby predict the particle loss cones that should be present along the spacecraft trajectory. By mapping a fraction of the corotation electric field into the polar cap, we determine expected flow velocities near closest approach to Ganymede as a function of reconnection efficiency. We conclude by discussing prospects for measurements on Galileo's remaining passes by Ganymede.
Enhanced Selectivities for the Hydroxyl-Directed Methanolysis of Esters Using the 2-Acyl-4-aminopyridine Class of Acyl Transfer Catalysts: Ketones as Binding Sites

In this paper we describe the preparation of a series of 2-acyl-4-aminopyridines, and their use as catalysts for the hydroxyl-directed methanolysis of α-hydroxy esters in preference to α-methoxy esters. Hydroxyl-direction with these catalysts, which contain ketones at the 2-position of the pyridine, is achieved by reversible addition of the alcohol of the hydroxy ester to the ketone to provide the corresponding hemiketal. Their activity is compared to that of the previously described catalyst 2-formyl-4-pyrrolidinopyridine (FPP), which contains an aldehyde at the 2-position of the pyridine. The catalysts which contain ketones at the 2-position range in reactivity from 10 times slower to slightly faster than FPP, and certain of these are much more selective for the methanolysis of hydroxy esters than FPP. This increase in selectivity is ascribed to a decrease in the rate of the nondirected methanolysis reaction with the ketone-derived catalysts. The evidence suggests that the nondirected reaction does not ...
Use of time during body computed tomography Scanning in a tertiary care teaching hospital: Focus on patient throughput

Abstract Rationale and Objectives To control costs, it is increasingly important to make efficient use of imaging technology. We sought to determine and analyze the time required to complete each step of a body computed tomography (CT) scan, focusing on factors that influence patient throughput. Methods Over 4 weeks, we prospectively monitored the time required for each step of a body CT scan (i.e., image time, check time, and clear time). Covariate data were collected by patient status: outpatient, inpatient, emergency department (ED), and intensive care unit (ICU); work shift; and radiologist training level (junior resident, senior resident, fellow, and attending). Technologists also predicted whether repeat images would be requested by the radiologist. Results Three hundred eighty CT examinations were studied: 277 for outpatients, 90 for inpatients, 9 for ED patients, and 4 for ICU patients. The mean total examination time was 44.7 min (meanimage time = 33.1 min, mean review time = 8.2 min, and mean clear time = 3.4 min), which did not differ significantly with patient status. A second opinion was sought from a consultant radiologist on the scans of 44 patients. Consultation was requested significantly more frequently (1) by junior residents than by senior residents or fellows and (2) for ED and ICU patients (22% and 50%, respectively) than in outpatients and inpatients (10% and 14%, respectively). Repeat images were obtained from 75 patients, and this was not significantly related to patient status, scan type, or radiologist training level. When the technologist predicted that no repeat images were needed, this prediction agreed with the radiologist in 86% of the cases. When the technologist predicted that repeat images were necessary, this prediction agreed with the radiologist in 56% of the cases. Conclusion Reviewing scans before the patient leaves the CT suite adds considerably to the total time required to complete a scan, particularly if junior residents review scans. If technologists obtain repeat images at their discretion, time would be saved.
A single pixel camera based on white-noise compressed sensing

We design a camera by combining a micromirror-array with a single optical sensor and exploiting compressed sensing based on projections with white-noise basis. A practical image/video camera is developed based on this concept and realized.
Pharmacy Fill Patterns in Young Urban Children with Persistent Asthma

Background. Medication adherence impacts healthcare utilization. Pharmacy records are useful to establish fill patterns. Objective. Use pharmacy records to establish medication patterns fill patterns for comparison to healthcare utilization. Methods. Pharmacy records of 175 children with persistent asthma were collected and compared to healthcare utilization. Results. Majority of subjects had significant healthcare utilization, low numbers of rescue medications, and poor controller medication fill rates. Those with more rescue medications had more healthcare utilization and more controller medications. Conclusions. Pharmacy fill patterns demonstrate few rescue and/or controller medication fills. Those with more rescue medications reported increased healthcare utilization despite controller medications.
Gradient-Based Cluster Space Navigation for Autonomous Surface Vessels

This paper presents an experimentally demonstrated gradient-based multirobot technique for adaptively navigating within a parameter field. To implement this technique, simultaneous measurements of the parameter are made at different locations within the field by a spatially controlled cluster of mobile robots. These measurements are shared in order to compute a local gradient of the field. Depending on the task to be achieved, the multirobot cluster is directed with respect to this direction. Moving in or opposite to the gradient direction allows efficient navigation to local maxima/minima in the field, a capability of interest for applications such as detecting pollution sources or the location of resource-starved areas. Moving perpendicular to the gradient direction allows parameter contours to be navigated, a behavior useful for applications such as defining the extent of a field or establishing a safety perimeter at a defined field level. This paper describes the multirobot control technique which combines a full degree-of-freedom “cluster space” multirobot controller with a gradient-based adaptive navigation capability. Verification of the technique through field experiments using a fleet of three robotic kayaks is also presented. Finally, a discussion of results, a review of challenges, and a review of ongoing and future work are presented.
FEMINIZING OLYMPIC REALITY: Preliminary Dispatches from Baudrillard's Atlanta

This paper appropriates elements of Jean Baudrillard's provocative contemporary cultural theorizing as a suggestive framework for examining the nature, and influence, of the mass mediated spectacles that dominate American sporting culture. Concentrating on the National Broadcasting Corporation's coverage of the 1996 Summer Olympic Games in Atlanta, this discussion highlights the ways in which the network manufactured a simulated model of Olympic reality that was explicitly designed to seduce female television viewers. More specifically, this paper explicates how NBC consciously mobilized traditionally feminine codes within, and through, the content and structure of its prime time televisual discourse. The paper concludes by advancing the notion that, rather than challenging them, NBC's feminization of Olympic reality merely accentuated the essentialist and hierarchically ordered notions of gender identities, practices, and experiences, which reside all too comfortably within the popular imaginary.
Reversibility of the thermal transitions of chloroplast thylakoid membranes.

Thylakoid membranes from cucumbers and peas have been examined by high-sensitivity differential scanning calorimetry. Data was collected during both heating and subsequent cooling scans in order to observe reversibility. Cucumber thylakoids exhibited almost no reversibility; a very small reversible exothermic peak was observed at approximately 12°C in cooling scans. However, thylakoids from peas had reversible transitions at 50 and 68°C, as well as other transitions which were visible as shoulders in a second heating scan. When pea grana thylakoids were unstacked, the high temperature transitions were sharpened and their reversibility was enhanced. This is the first report of chloroplast thylakoid membranes exhibiting reversible high temperature transitions. The results indicate that considerable variation can occur in the calorimetric profiles of thylakoids from different plants.
Gradient-based polyhedral segmentation for range images

A novel method is developed for robust polyhedral segmentation of 3-D range images. The method consists of three operations: (1) a two-dimensional gradient histogram space is generated based on gradients along directions of x- and y- coordinates; (2) a four-neighborhood iterative expanding algorithm is developed for region grouping according to a gradient feature space; (3) for noise and regions with geometrical distortion, a merge process is applied to the firstround segmentation results. The experiments show that the proposed algorithm generates good results for understanding polyhedral objects in range images.
Absentee lot owners in Texas colonias: who are they, and what do they want?

Abstract In Texas there are some 1500 colonias housing an estimated 400,000 people mostly in urban areas of the border region with Mexico. Colonias are unserviced or poorly serviced low-income housing settlements in which lots have been sold by developers upon which residents place trailers, construct manufactured homes, or self-build. While many colonias are virtually sold out, the proportion of lots actually occupied varies greatly, with anywhere between 20 and 80% of lots being left vacant. This creates multiplex problems for effective provision and cost recovery of physical and social infrastructure, as well as for effective formation of social capital necessary for active community participation and mutual aid in local development projects. Although recent research has led to a better understanding about the nature of colonias, nothing is known about these absentee owners. Being absent they are difficult to trace. Phone and mail interviews were used to gather data about the reasons for non-occupancy and future plans for sale and/or occupancy, and these preliminary data are presented in order to offer some insights into the reasons and propensity for non-occupancy. We find that a significant number of non-owners have purchased as an investment and as security for the future, often before moving to the north and interior of the US in search of work. Even absentee owners who live locally, often have little immediate plans to occupy their lots. The article concludes with an overview of possible policy directions — incentives and penalties — that may in future contribute to greater lot occupancy and to higher densities in colonias.
Transcending Masculinity and Femininity in EDITHA

William Dean Howells's eponymous character, Editha, who wishes to see a “hero” in her fiance, George, is so devoted to her culture's inextricable connection between heroism and masculinity that in ...
Shopping Mall Wheelchair Accessibility Checklist Based on the ADA Guidelines.

(1999). Shopping Mall Wheelchair Accessibility Checklist Based on the ADA Guidelines. Occupational Therapy In Health Care: Vol. 11, No. 4, pp. 41-66.
IMPACT: A facility to study the interaction of low-energy intense particle beams with dynamic heterogeneous surfaces

The Interaction of Materials with Particles and Components Testing (IMPACT) experimental facility is furnished with multiple ion sources and in situ diagnostics to study the modification of surfaces undergoing physical, chemical, and electronic changes during exposure to energetic particle beams. Ion beams with energies in the range between 20 and 5000eV can bombard samples at flux levels in the range of 1010–1015cm−2s−1; parameters such as ion angle of incidence and exposed area are also controllable during the experiment. IMPACT has diagnostics that allow full characterization of the beam, including a Faraday cup, a beam imaging system, and a retarding field energy analyzer. IMPACT is equipped with multiple diagnostics, such as electron (Auger, photoelectron) and ion scattering spectroscopies that allow different probing depths of the sample to monitor compositional changes in multicomponent and/or layered targets. A unique real-time erosion diagnostic based on a dual quartz crystal microbalance measure...
Assisted circulation. III. The effect of synchronized arterial counterpulsation on myocardial oxygen consumption and coronary flow.

Abstract 1. 1. Synchronized arterial counterpulsation is an effective method for reducing mean systolic pressure and myocardial oxygen consumption while maintaining coronary perfusion. 2. 2. Further evidence is presented to emphasize the dominant role of pressure work as the determinant of myocardial oxygen consumption in the intact beating heart. 3. 3. Coronary flow can be altered by changes in diastolic pressure, irrespective of myocardial oxygen need or metabolism. 4. 4. Arterial counterpulsation appears to be an excellent method of assisting the failing myocardium and merits further investigation and application.
A population-based analysis of 788 cases of yolk sac tumors: A comparison of males and females.

Yolk sac tumors (YST) are a rare and aggressive germ cell tumor. The objective of this study is to compare the patient characteristics and survival of YST in males and females. Demographic and clinicopathologic information were obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program from 1973 to 2003. Statistical analysis was performed using Independent-sample t-test, χ2 test, Kaplan-Meier methods and Cox proportional hazards regression. Seven hundred eighty-eight patients were identified, 451 (57%) were males and 337 (43%) were females. The mean age at diagnosis was similar in males and females. The age at diagnosis showed a bimodal distribution with an increased incidence in the first 4 years of life and during the 2nd to 4th decade of life. The most common site of the primary tumor was gonadal, namely testis 336 (42.6%) and ovary 257 (32.6%). Among the extragonadal sites, tumor site of origin differed in males and females. The 5-year survival of extragonadal YST (66%) was worse than gonadal YST (86%) (p 0.05). As the year of diagnosis progressed from 1973 to 2003, survival of both males and females with YST consistently improved. The bimodal age distribution of YST generates the hypothesis that sex steroids may play a role in selected YST. Although the overall survival in all YST patients has improved over the past few decades, the primary sites of origin differ in males and females and impact prognosis. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Are There Limits to Statistical Learning

“Does grammar start where statistics stop?”, ask M. S. Seidenberg et al. in the title of their Perspective (18 Oct., p. [553][1]). Arguing against a “reconcilist” position in which complex cognitive functions would depend on a mixture of statistical and algebraic (rule) mechanisms ([1][2], [