cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
New controlled rapid quenched technique in a 1 atm infrared image furnace

We describe a new quench technique that allows for controlled and reproducible constant quench rates exceeding 100 degrees C/s in the temperature range of 1400-700 degrees C and approximately 10 degrees C/s in the range 1400-200 degrees C at 1 atm total pressure. Our technique uses a 1 atm infrared image furnace and a blower unit capable of discharging cooling air through the infrared furnace at speeds approaching 100 m/s. The control protocol consists of operating the furnace at a constant power setting, sufficient to reach the highest desired temperature, and modulating the blower output continuously; blower output is controlled via a silicon-controlled rectifier (SCR) using a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) algorithm on a personal computer (PC). A special autotuning procedure was used that enables the fine-tuning of PID parameters necessary for precise temperature control. Temperatures are controlled to + or -1 degrees C over the entire temperature range under isothermal conditions and to within 10 degrees C of the setpoint during quench. The range of accessible quench rates using our technique opens up new temperature-time paths for quantitative study. Potential applications include detailed studies on chemical diffusion and the kinetics of bubble and crystal formation under conditions of rapid temperature changes. Such studies have direct relevance to the crystallization, degassing, and structural relaxation of silicate melts during rapid temperature changes such as those encountered during volcanic eruptions.
Adaptive estimation of the number of transmit antennas

In this paper, a new method is proposed to adaptively estimate the number of transmit antennas in cognitive radios and surveillance systems. It employs Schur complement to test the linearly independence of the new coming data with the previous data set. ?2 test is conducted based on the statistics of Schur complement variable. Last, Monte Carlo simulation is employed to test the performance of the estimator under different scenarios.
Approximate fingerprinting to accelerate pattern matching

Pattern matching and analysis over network data streams is increasingly becoming an essential primitive of network monitoring systems. It is a fundamental part of most intrusion detection systems, worm detecting algorithms and many other anomaly detection mechanisms. It is a processing-intensive task, usually requiring to search for a large number of patterns simultaneously.We propose the technique of "approximate fingerprinting" to reduce the memory demands and significantly accelerate the pattern matching process. The method computes fingerprints of prefixes of the patterns and matches them against the input stream. It acts as a generic preprocessor to a standard pattern matching engine by "clearing" a large fraction of the input that would not match any of the patterns. The main contribution is the "approximate" characteristic of the fingerprint, which allows to slide the fingerprinting window through the packet at a faster rate, while maintaining a small memory footprint and low number of false positives. An improvement over a Bloom filter solution, a fingerprint can indicate which patterns are the candidate matches. We validate our technique by presenting the performance gain for the popular Snort intrusion detection system with the preprocessor in place.
High Uniformity, Stability, and Reliability Large-Format InGaAs APD Arrays

The characteristics of both etched mesa and guard ring type of InGaAs APD arrays were compared. High uniformity, high stability, and high reliability guard-ring type of arrays with a size up to 64times64 were fabricated.
A Jet Formation Criterion for Synthetic Jet Actuators

This paper proposes and validates a jet formation criterion for synthetic jet actuators. The synthetic jet is a zero net mass flux device, adding additional momentum but no mass to its surroundings. Jet formation is defined as a mean outward velocity along the jet axis and corresponds to the clear formation of shed vortices. It is shown that the synthetic jet formation is governed by the Strouhal number (or Reynolds number and Stokes number). Numerical simulations and experiments are performed to supplement available two-dimensional and axisymmetric jet formation data in the literature. The data support the jet formation criterion , where the constant 2 Re/ S K > K is approximately 2 and 0.16 for two dimensional and axisymmetric synthetic jets, respectively. This criterion is valid for relatively thick orifice plates with thickness-to-width ratios greater than approximately 2. This result is expected to be useful for the design of flow-control actuators and engine nacelle acoustic liners.
Parametric description of a scan-display system

Automatic Pattern Recognition and graphical data processing have recently received considerable attention. In addition to analysis and processing of pictorial information, there is a need for interactive display systems to present both intermediate and final processed data. The subject of graphic display terminals has been extensively discussed in the literature. Scan-display systems oriented towards image processing, however, with particular attention to bypassing the central processing unit for as many tasks as possible have not had comparable development. This paper is focused on this latter area.
Flow through vegetation patches with multiple layers: A quadrant analysis

This study examined the influence of riparian vegetation patches with multiple layers (combination of grasses and herbaceous plants) on flow complexity. A flume experiment was conducted where four treatments of varying vegetation combinations were examined; vegetation treatments were composed of two factors: percent dense flexible cover and the presence of herbaceous plantings. Three-dimensional velocity was measured with a MicroADV in a grid pattern within the measurement region. The treatments with dense vegetation cover were dominated by ejection events, and velocity vectors were directed in the positive z direction. The velocity vectors between dense vegetation patches were directed in the both positive and negative z directions. Sweep events were also present in the 50% coverage treatments.
Kinetics of Corrosion of BN–ZrO2–SiC Ceramics in Contact with Si-Killed Steel

The mechanism and kinetics of corrosion of BN–ZrO2–SiC (MYCROSINT®SO43) by molten Si-killed steel was studied. Isothermal corrosion tests were performed for duration between 2 and 8 h. Refractory and steel composition and morphology changes were investigated. A kinetic model using process simulation software METSIM and thermochemical software FactSage was developed to understand refractory–steel interactions. The corrosion process showed a deviation from parabolic kinetics and was fitted by a combination of linear and parabolic terms. It was determined that corrosion of the BN–ZrO2–SiC refractory was governed by dissolution of SiC and BN and removal of ZrO2 as the other phases were eliminated.
Identification and characterization of CCK-B/gastrin receptors in human pancreatic cancer cell lines

The gastrointestinal peptide cholecystokinin (CCK) is known to stimulate growth of human pancreatic cancer in a receptor-mediated fashion. The purpose of this study was to characterize the receptor responsible for the trophic effects of CCK in cancer cells. With the use of homogenates of PANC-1 human pancreatic cancer cells grown in vitro, the binding characteristics and optimal conditions of radiolabeled selective CCK-receptor antagonists ([3H]L-365,260 and [3H]L-364,718) were examined. Specific and saturable binding was detected with [3H]L-365,260, and Scatchard analysis revealed that the data were consistent for a single site of binding with a binding affinity of 4.3 +/- 0.6 nM and a binding capacity (Bmax) of 283 +/- 68 fmol/mg protein in log phase cells. Binding was dependent on protein concentration, time, temperature, and pH and was sensitive to Na+, K+, Mg2+, and ethylene glycol-bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid. In contrast to log phase cells, Bmax decreased by 80 and 92% in confluent and postconfluent cultures, respectively. Subcellular fractionation studies revealed that binding was in the membrane fraction. Competition experiments indicated that L-365,260 and gastrin were more effective at displacing the radiolabeled L-365,260 than CCK. No binding was detected with the CCK-A antagonist [3H]L-364,718. Assays performed with [3H]L-365,260 on five additional human pancreatic cancer cell lines in vitro and tumor tissue from xenografts in nude mice also revealed specific and saturable binding. These results provide the first identification of a CCK-B/gastrin receptor in human pancreatic cancer cells and tumors and explain the effects of CCK on the growth of this malignancy.
The New Fruit Fly for Applied Psychological Research

Landers and Behrend (2015) present yet another attempt to limit reviewer and editor reliance on surface characteristics when evaluating the generalizability of study results (see also Campbell, 1986; Dipboye & Flanagan, 1979; Greenberg, 1987; Highhouse, 2009; Highhouse & Gillespie, 2009). Most of the earlier treatments of sample generalizability, however, have focused on the use of college students in (mostly) laboratory studies. Many industrial–organizational (I-O) scholars have experienced the hostility with which studies using students as participants receives. For instance, Jen Gillespie and I observed, “Reviewers and editors commonly assert that students should not be used to study workplace phenomena as though such a declaration requires no further explanation” (Highhouse & Gillespie, 2009, p. 247). The difference this time, however, is that Landers and Behrend (2015) are reacting to dismissals of research using Mechanical Turk (MTurk) workers to make inferences about behavior in organizations. Landers and Behrend (2015) make the important point that any research population is likely to be atypical on some dimensions and that all samples are samples of convenience (see also Oakes, 1972). We agree. Furthermore, we make two observations about MTurk: (a) We believe that it should be met with less resistance than student samples have historically faced, and (b) we suggest that it provides a unique opportunity to bring back randomized experimentation in I-O psychology.
The Role of the Astrocyte in the Pathogenesis of the AIDS Dementia Complex

A chronic encephalopathy termed “AIDS dementia complex (ADC)” otherwise known as “HIV-associated cognitive/motor complex” afflicts up to 80% of adult AIDS patients.1,2 ADC is characterized clinically by cognitive, motor, and behavioral dysfunctions. Manifestations include global cognitive defects, organic psychosis, and a variety of motor abnormalities. Pathologically, ADC presents with cerebral atrophy and abnormalities of the white matter and deep grey matter structures including the basal ganglia. These abnormalities include diffuse pallor and vacuolation of the white matter, and focal rarefaction accompanied by infiltration of macrophages, multinucleated cells, and lymphocytes. Infiltration of T-lymphocytes is limited in degree, and is primarily of the CD8+ phenotype. Discrete areas of demyelination are common, and are associated with reactive/ hypertrophied astrocytes (astrogliosis), and the presence of microglia, bloodderived macrophages, and multinucleated giant cells.
Feeding the Premature Infant: Methods to Assess Lactation Performance

The potential nutritional and immunologic benefits of human milk comprise the basis for its use in the feeding of premature infants. The prevailing consensus is that premature infants should be provided milk from their mothers. Early milk produced by women who deliver prematurely is likely to be more appropriate nutritionally, and perhaps immunologically, than is milk from later stages of lactation or milk produced by women who deliver at term. The implementation of this recommendation is complicated, however, by limits in the understanding of basic lactation physiology.
Spatial and Temporal Habitat-Use Patterns of Wood Turtles at the Western Edge of Their Distribution

Abstract Wood Turtles (Glyptemys insculpta) are a state threatened species at the western edge of their geographic distribution in Minnesota, United States. There is currently little published information regarding habitat use of western populations to assist with conservation initiatives. The primary purpose of this study was to investigate habitat use of a population of Wood Turtles in northeastern Minnesota to determine if habitat-use patterns were similar to other regions. In addition, we assessed the efficacy of two land-cover data sets (National Land Cover Dataset and LANDFIRE Existing Vegetation Type), relative to an aerial-photo–based habitat layer, for assessing habitat use and delineating preferred or avoided habitat classes. We performed this analysis to gauge the value of widely used habitat layers for Wood Turtle management and research. We used radio telemetry data collected on 8 males and 14 females between May and November 1990 to assess habitat associations and space-use patterns. We foun...
PURE C AND COLOR STRESS AS RORSCHACH INDICATORS OF SCHIZOPHRENIA.

Three empirically derived Rorschach signs-1-2 CF, Sum C 1.5-3.0, and C or CF without C'-efficiently discriminated schizophrenic patients from neurotics and character disorders in two previous cross-validating samples; the presence of two or more of these indicators correctly classified 38 of 49 schizophrenic (Sc) and 71 of 92 nonschizophrenic (NSc) patients (x' = 40.67, p < .001) (Weiner, 1961). The rationale suggested for these findings was that this pattern of color signs, which will be labeled color stress, reflects unstable defenses and inconsistent resources for integrating affective experience. However, the previous scoring of coLor stress takes minimal cognizance of pure C, which is usually interpreted as a severe integrative lapse and therefore should be considered indicative of color stress. This study examines whether color stress, scored when either pure C or two of the previous indicators appear, accurately classifies Sc and NSc patients. Two samples were used. Sample I was one of the previous cross-validating samples and included all nonorganic patients (n = 89) tested in the clinic and inpatient psychiatric services of a general hospital in a 1-yr. period (1958); Sample 11, a new sample, included all patients (n = 83) tested in a psychiatric clinic over a 2-yr. period (19591961). These patients had a mean age of 27.8 yr. and a mean Rorschach response total of 24.7. The Sc and NSc groups in both samples were approximately 50% male and did not differ significantly in age or in mean or variance of R. In Sample 1 the color stresJ variable correctly identified 26 of 31 Sc and 42 of 58 NSc patients (x' = 27.38, p < ,001); in Sample 11, IS of 33 Sc and 37 of 50 NSc patients were correctly identified (X' = 6.91, $ < .01). The percentage of patients accurately classified is 72%; without inclusion of the pure C criterion, the accuracy would have been 70%. Of 21 patients in the population with pure C responses, 16 were Sc; C alone thus is a valid indicator (X2 = 15.18, p < .001) but clinically inefficient due to its infrequent occurrence. These findings provide further evidence for cross-validation of the capacity of the color stress variable, conceptually strengthened by inclusion of a pure C criterion, to discriminate schizophrenics from nonschizophrenics in total populations of clinic and hospital patients referred for testing.
The Journal of Scholarly Publishing in the Ecosystem of Scholarly Communications

The new co-editors give thanks to their predecessors and outline their vision for the journal going forward.
Abstract 4721: An ethanol extract from black raspberries inhibits myeloid cell differentiation, STAT3 phosphorylation and alters T lymphocyte chemotaxis by upregulating CXCR3.

Black raspberries may benefit health as a whole food via their ability to provide complex mixtures of phytochemicals, or as a source of lead compounds for future drug development. In particular, bioactive components from black raspberries have been shown to inhibit proliferation and promote apoptosis of both premalignant and malignant cells. Other reports have also demonstrated that administration of a diet enriched with black raspberries inhibits carcinogenesis in pre-clinical tumor models. Despite these results, little is known regarding the mechanisms by which black raspberries or their bioactive phytochemicals modulate immunologic factors relevant to tumor development and progression. We hypothesized that black raspberries elicit potent immunomodulatory properties that impact cellular mediators relevant to cancer and chronic inflammation. We show that an ethanol extract from black raspberries (BRB-E) significantly inhibited proliferation of activated CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes by CFSE dilution and flow cytometric analysis (p Citation Format: Thomas A. Mace, Zeenath Ameen, Christopher M. Weghorst, Thomas J. Knobloch, Gregory B. Lesinski. An ethanol extract from black raspberries inhibits myeloid cell differentiation, STAT3 phosphorylation and alters T lymphocyte chemotaxis by upregulating CXCR3. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4721. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4721
CMP Process for Phase Change Materials

Since the CMP process depends on chemical and mechanical effects, the interaction with the physical and chemical properties of the GST alloy play very important roles during the CMP process. In this paper, the impact of the CMP process on a soft GST alloy will be discussed. In addition, the paper addresses how major chemical properties of the GST alloy affect the GST CMP process. For example, in order to remove the three different elements of GST material during the CMP process, it is critical to understand how the alloy's chemical behavior changes when interacting with the CMP slurries. A fully characterized GST CMP baseline process, including its process and defect results, will be presented. The methods used to optimize the CMP process and reduce post-CMP defects will also be discussed.
A model-based communication approach for distributed and connected vehicle safety systems

Information exchange for the purpose of creating situational awareness is the backbone of distributed systems that rely on communication. For example, connected vehicle safety systems rely on exchange of information between vehicles to allow each vehicle to create a real time map of its surrounding cars. These systems work by sampling the state of a physical process (vehicle trajectory) and communicating it to others. In this paper, we present a novel approach for communicating information of physical processes (such as vehicles) over a network using models of these processes. In this approach, traditional communication of data samples from a process is replaced by communication of models and model updates. This novel method allows each node in the distributed system to create a model-based view of its surrounding. The resulting model-based situational awareness map will have higher fidelity than only sample position information that is available through current methods. Using the example of a forward collision detection algorithm we demonstrate the significant performance improvement that is possible using this approach. We demonstrate that the system is able to maintain its performance at rates that are four times less than what current methods require.
Molecular Diagnostics for Precision Medicine in Colorectal Cancer: Current Status and Future Perspective.

Precision medicine, a concept that has recently emerged and has been widely discussed, emphasizes tailoring medical care to individuals largely based on information acquired from molecular diagnostic testing. As a vital aspect of precision cancer medicine, targeted therapy has been proven to be efficacious and less toxic for cancer treatment. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers and among the leading causes for cancer related deaths in the United States and worldwide. By far, CRC has been one of the most successful examples in the field of precision cancer medicine, applying molecular tests to guide targeted therapy. In this review, we summarize the current guidelines for anti-EGFR therapy, revisit the roles of pathologists in an era of precision cancer medicine, demonstrate the transition from traditional “one test-one drug” assays to multiplex assays, especially by using next-generation sequencing platforms in the clinical diagnostic laboratories, and discuss the future perspectives of tumor heterogeneity associated with anti-EGFR resistance and immune checkpoint blockage therapy in CRC.
Development of an on-line scintillation flow-cell detection system with pulse shape discrimination for quantification of actinides at environmental levels

Rapid screening of aqueous media for low concentrations of actinides is a critical need at DOE facilities. A laboratory technique that couples the effluent from a high performance liquid chromatography system to an on-line scintillation flow-cell detection system allowed for the determination of thorium, uranium, neptunium, plutonium, americium, and curium in less than 30 minutes. The technique was demonstrated on convenient activities of /spl sim/20-80 Bq/radionuclide. In order to apply this technique to environmental samples, sample preconcentration and a lower detection limit are a requisite. To accomplish the latter a flow-cell detection system was developed utilizing pulse shape discrimination as a means of reducing the background when quantifying alpha emitters. Flow-cells consisting of 63-90 /spl mu/m particles of CaF/sub 2/:Eu, scintillating glass (GS-20), and BaF/sub 2/ were each packed into translucent Teflon tubing. CaF/sub 2/:Eu and GS-20 exhibited only marginal pulse shape resolution, achieving figures of merit, FOM=0.46 and 0.27, respectively. BaF/sub 2/ exhibited reasonable pulse resolution, FOM=0.75. Unfortunately, the presence of intrinsic alpha emitters in CaF/sub 2/:Eu and BaF/sub 2/ resulted in an elevated background count rate in the alpha window. Coupled with a detection efficiency of /spl sim/50% for /sup 233/U (E/sub /spl alpha//=4.8 MeV) alpha particles, minimum detectable activities of 0.6 Bq for CaF/sub 2/:Eu and BaF/sub 2/, and 1.1 Bq for GS-20 were obtained at the optimal pulse shape time discriminator setting. >
Effect of Cocaine Abuse on Baseline Lung FDG uptake in Patients Receiving Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy

1732 Objectives Clinical studies have suggested that substance-abuse including cocaine abuse may adversely affect disease prognosis in HIV positive patients by increasing viral load, accelerating disease progression, and AIDS-related mortality even among patients adherent to antiretroviral therapy. Given the fact that FDG PET/CT is very sensitive to detect underlying infectious/inflammatory changes, we have examined the effect of cocaine abuse on the baseline lung FDG uptake in well-controlled HIV positive patients under antiretroviral therapy. Methods A prospective study has been performed and HIV positive patients with and without cocaine abuse receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) with adequate viral load control ( Results 18 patients with current cocaine abuse and 17 control patients without cocaine abuse were included. The mean age of the patients with cocaine abuse was 47.0±9.3 years compared to 49.4± 5.5 for patients without cocaine abuse (p=0.36). There was 14 males (78%) among cocaine abusers as opposed to 13 males among controls (76%)(p=0.93). Mean lung SUVmax was 1.08±0.22 for cocaine abusers compared to 1.04±0.26 among controls (p=0.52). Mean SUVmean was 0.43±0.12 and 0.41± 0.15 for cocaine abusers and controls, respectively (p=0.62). No significant correlation was also observed between lung FDG uptake and patients’ CD4 or CD8 counts. Conclusions Based on these findings, cocaine abuse does not affect the lung FDG uptake in patients with well-controlled HIV infection with HAART therapy.
Mine Your Customers or Mine Your Business: The Moderating Role of Culture in Online Word-of-Mouth Reviews

AbstractConsumer- and producer-generated content on the Internet has become an important source of electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) for buyers making purchasing decisions. However, the cultural effect of eWOM on firm performance remains largely unexplored. This research contributes to the extant marketing literature by examining the moderating role of culture in the relationship between eWOM and product-market performance. The author finds that individualism, power distance, and uncertainty avoidance tempered the effect of eWOM on market share. In particular, the impact of press releases and negative reviews has been overrated. The findings suggest that effective online international marketing strategies should take into account local market values, country-of-origin effects, and product competition.
MDA5 autoantibody-another indicator of clinical diversity in dermatomyositis.

Allenbach and colleagues have recently reported for the first time the results of an intriguing study of the histopathologic, immunopathologic and gene expression differences in muscle biopsy tissue from adult dermatomyositis (DM) patients who do and do not have circulating MDA5 autoantibodies (anti-MDA5). Anti-MDA5 were originally identified in a clinically-defined subset of DM patients whose disease was expressed predominately in the skin for unusually long periods of time without accompanying muscle weakness [i.e., “clinically-amyopathic DM” (CADM)] and were at risk for acute, rapidly-progressive form of interstitial lung disease (ILD). As an academic dermatologist in the United States of America (USA) having a career-long interest in the CADM subset, I would like to share my perspective on the results of the work by Allenbach and colleagues and offer some suggestions for additional study in this area. But to do so most effectively, I first would like to review the clinical concept of CADM and its association with anti-MDA5 antibody production and a potentially-fatal form of (ILD).
Development and Initial Validation of the Adolescent Routines Questionnaire: Parent and Self-Report

It is well documented that family routines contribute to children’s wellbeing. Yet, the impact of routines on adolescent adjustment is not fully understood. The paucity of research examining the role of routines in adolescent adjustment is likely due to the lack of empirically derived instruments measuring routines in adolescent populations. Thus, the objective of the current study was to develop psychometrically sound parent and self-report measures of adolescents’ daily routines: The Adolescent Routines Questionnaire: Parent- and Self-Report (ARQ:PR/SR). Following item generation and elimination, a 26-item parent version with a five-factor solution and a 20-item adolescent self-report version with a four-factor solution were derived. Initial reliability and validity estimates suggest adequate to good internal consistency across all subscales and total scores, as well as moderate to good evidence of concurrent and convergent validity for both parent and self-report scales. Additionally, both the parent and self-report versions of the ARQ were positively correlated with adolescent adjustment and negatively correlated with parent-child conflict and externalizing behavior problems. Finally, both measures demonstrated incremental validity in predicting adolescent positive adjustment and adaptive skills above and beyond an existing measure of family routines. These results suggest that the ARQ:PR/SR is a promising new assessment tool for measuring adolescents’ daily routines.
Signaling and Gene Regulatory Networks in Mammalian Lens Development

Ocular lens development represents an advantageous system in which to study regulatory mechanisms governing cell fate decisions, extracellular signaling, cell and tissue organization, and the underlying gene regulatory networks. Spatiotemporally regulated domains of BMP, FGF, and other signaling molecules in late gastrula-early neurula stage embryos generate the border region between the neural plate and non-neural ectoderm from which multiple cell types, including lens progenitor cells, emerge and undergo initial tissue formation. Extracellular signaling and DNA-binding transcription factors govern lens and optic cup morphogenesis. Pax6, c-Maf, Hsf4, Prox1, Sox1, and a few additional factors regulate the expression of the lens structural proteins, the crystallins. Extensive crosstalk between a diverse array of signaling pathways controls the complexity and order of lens morphogenetic processes and lens transparency.
Community Data Collection with Children of Mothers Living with HIV: Boundaries of the Researcher Role.

The TRACK-II program is a multi-site, community-based randomized controlled trial evaluating an intervention to assist mothers living with HIV (MLH) in disclosing their HIV status to their young children. Many participants—both mothers and children—reported significant depression and/or suicidal ideation, a phenomenon that presented ethical challenges. This article focuses on participants at one site (Atlanta). Through the vignette of “Jordan,” we describe ethical challenges that may arise when faced with the responsibility of maximizing participants’ safety while maintaining the boundaries of the researcher role. Guided by community psychology values, our team has taken measures within our role as researchers to empower and protect children and mothers endorsing suicidal ideation. For example, we have relied on relationships with community-based organizations and AIDS service organizations to connect HIV-affected families to mental health services. Further, we have expanded our system of documentation in order to follow up adequately with families at risk, and we track family resources in order to promote a strengths-based framework. We have solicited families’ feedback about their supports and needs in order to understand how we may best serve them by connecting them to the resources they report needing most and empowering them to care for themselves.
Learning science in immersive virtual reality.

The goals of the study were (a) to compare the instructional effectiveness of immersive virtual reality (VR) versus a desktop slideshow as media for teaching scientific knowledge, and (b) to examine the efficacy of adding a generative learning strategy to a VR lesson. In Experiment 1, college students viewed a biology lesson about how the human body works either in immersive VR or via a self-directed PowerPoint slideshow on a desktop computer. Based on interest theory, it was predicted that students who learned in immersive VR would report more positive ratings of interest and motivation and would score higher on a posttest covering material in the lesson. In contrast, based on the cognitive theory of multimedia learning, it was predicted that students who learned with a well-designed slideshow would score higher on a posttest, although they might not report higher levels of interest and motivation. The results showed that students who viewed the slideshow performed significantly better on the posttest than the VR group, but reported lower motivation, interest, and engagement ratings. In Experiment 2, students either viewed a segmented VR lesson and produced a written summary after each segment or viewed the original, continuous VR lesson as in Experiment 1. Students who summarized the lesson after each segment performed significantly better on the posttest and the groups did not differ on reported interest, engagement, and motivation. These results support the cognitive theory of multimedia learning and demonstrate the value of generative learning strategies in immersive VR environments. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved)
Aristotle’s virtue ethics as a conceptual framework for the study and practice of social work in modern times

This paper aims to highlight the importance of Aristotle’s model of virtue ethics for today’s social workers and students, as it can help them to build an ethical character and promote ethical cond...
How to Approach Clinical Supervision

The academic physician’s assignment as a supervisor of trainees is an honor and a privilege, yet he or she may not have had formal preparation for teaching in the clinical setting but likely learned through personal experience. It is important for the academic physician to formally review the role and reflect on the qualities he or she found most helpful (and otherwise) and those he or she would most want to emulate. This chapter addresses both theoretical and practical aspects of clinical supervision in inpatient and outpatient settings.
In Vitro Attachment and Outgrowth of Mouse Trophectoderm

Implantation of a mammalian embryo into the uterine lining is a morphodynamic process that is accompanied by marked changes in cellular architecture and subcellular organization. In order to determine the extent to which such changes are mandated by factors external to the embryo, we have examined surface and intracellular changes in fine structure during the progressive outgrowth of mouse trophectoderm in the presence and absence of a cellular monolayer derived from primary expiants of endometrium (“quasi-implantation”).
Expert Recommendation Via Semantic Social Networks

The use of social network analysis (SNA) in the design of expert recommendation systems is becoming increasingly popular. However, the experts recommended from such systems often do not meet users’ needs since the network semantic information is largely ignored. In this study, we used conditional logistic analysis to quantitatively examine the semantics of two social networks in a large open source community called Ohloh. It was found that homophily in nationality, location, programming language preference, and community reputation are determinants for forming evaluation and collaboration relationships among the Ohloh members. Moreover, past collaborations and mutual acquaintances are also found to significantly affect the formation of evaluation links but not collaboration links. In addition, we demonstrated how to embed the discovered network semantics into the design of expert recommendation systems through two mechanisms user-based link prediction and Top-N most recognized mechanism.
Functional performance tests identify lateral ankle sprain risk: A prospective pilot study in adolescent soccer players.

Determining the clinical utility of functional performance tests (FPTs) and establishing cutoff scores could be useful in identifying those athletes who could benefit from effective injury prevention interventions. Our purpose was to determine the accuracy of FPTs in identifying adolescent athletes who go on to experience lateral ankle sprain(s) and establish specific cutoff scores capable of identifying those who sustain a lateral ankle sprain in the near future. Sixty-four participants (age = 15.5 ± 1.3 years; height = 161.7 ± 7.7 cm; mass = 57.1 ± 8.4 kg) were recruited from a junior soccer club and tracked for 10 months. Participants performed the anterior (AN), posterior-medial (PM), and posterior-lateral (PL) reach directions of the Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT) and the Single-Leg Hop Test (SLHT) in pre-season, and then were followed for the 10-month competitive season (12 injured, 52 uninjured). Significant Area Under the Curve (AUC) values and cutoff scores were found for the PM (AUC = 0.78; 95% CI 0.61-0.95; P = 0.003; Sn = 0.83; Sp = 0.77; cutoff = 76%) and the PL (AUC = 0.82; 95% CI 0.71-0.94; P = 0.001; Sn = 0.92; Sp = 0.65; cutoff = 70%) reach directions of the SEBT and the SLHT (AUC = 0.77; 95% CI 0.60-0.95; P = 0.003; Sn = 0.67; Sp = 0.94; cutoff = 15.4 seconds). The PM and PL reach directions of the SEBT and the SLHT may be useful as pre-season screening measures to help clinicians identify adolescents who will go on to experience a lateral ankle sprain.
Investigating Random Undersampling and Feature Selection on Bioinformatics Big Data

This paper aims to address a key research issue regarding the ECBDL’14 bioinformatics big data competition. The ECBDL’14 dataset was the big data target in the competition, and it consisted of 631 attributes and about 32 million instances, of which about 98% belonged to the negative class. The ECBDL’14 competition dataset has recently been used in the literature to assess the effect of class imbalance on big data analytics. The contribution of our paper is two-fold. First, a survey of several literature works that utilized the EDBDL’14 dataset, either fully or partially, is presented. Second, compared to the Random Oversampling approach used by the winning algorithm for the competition, we utilize a Random Undersampling approach in conjunction with a Feature Selection approach. Through Random Undersampling, different class distributions were generated, ranging from slightly imbalanced to balanced. Prior to sampling, we perform Feature Selection by computing Feature Importance with the Random Forest learner within the Apache Spark framework. Subsequently, classification performance is computed for Random Forest, Logistic Regression, and Gradient-Boosted Trees in the same big data analytics framework. The key results of our study indicate that our proposed solution had a higher prediction performance (minimally) compared to that of the highest value of the winning algorithm. However, it is important to note that Random Undersampling, compared to Random Oversampling, imposes a lower computational burden and results in a faster training time, which is beneficial to data analytics. We conclude that our solution clearly outperforms the ECBLD’14 winning algorithm.
Additive manufacturing of magnesium alloys

Magnesium alloys are a promising new class of degradable biomaterials that have a similar stiffness to bone, which minimizes the harmful effects of stress shielding. Use of biodegradable magnesium implants eliminates the need for a second surgery for repair or removal. There is a growing interest to capitalize on additive manufacturing's unique design capabilities to advance the frontiers of medicine. However, magnesium alloys are difficult to 3D print due to the high chemical reactivity that poses a combustion risk. Furthermore, the low vaporization temperature of magnesium and common biocompatible alloying elements further increases the difficulty to print fully dense structures that balance strength and corrosion requirements. The purpose of this study is to survey current techniques to 3D print magnesium constructs and provide guidance on best additive practices for these alloys.
Efficacy of ketamine for initial control of acute agitation in the emergency department: A randomized study.

Abstract Background Clinicians often encounter agitated patients, and current treatment options include benzodiazepines and antipsychotics. Ketamine rapidly induces dissociation, maintains cardiovascular stability, spontaneous respirations, and airway reflexes. There are no prospective, randomized studies comparing ketamine to other agents in the initial management of acute agitation in the Emergency Department (ED). Objective Determine the efficacy and safety of ketamine compared to parenteral haloperidol plus lorazepam for initial control of acute agitation. Methods This study was a prospective, single-institution, randomized, open-label, real world, standard of care pilot study. Adult patients with combative agitation were randomized to ketamine (4 mg/kg IM or 1 mg/kg IV) or haloperidol/lorazepam (haloperidol 5–10 mg IM or IV + lorazepam 1–2 mg IM or IV). The primary outcome was sedation within 5 min, and secondary outcomes included sedation within 15 min, time to sedation, and safety. Results Ninety three patients were enrolled from January 15, 2018 to October 10, 2018. Significantly more patients who received ketamine compared to haloperidol/lorazepam were sedated within 5 min (22% vs 0%, p = 0.001) and 15 min (66% vs 7%, p Conclusion In patients with combative agitation, ketamine was significantly more effective than haloperidol/lorazepam for initial control of acute agitation, and was not associated with any significant adverse effects.
A Machine Learning method for relabeling arbitrary DICOM structure sets to TG-263 defined labels.

Abstract Purpose: To present a Machine Learning pipeline for automatically relabeling anatomical structure sets in the Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) format to a standard nomenclature that will enable data abstraction for research and quality improvement. Methods: DICOM structure sets from approximately 1200 lung and prostate cancer patients across 40 treatment centers were used to build predictive models to automate the relabeling of clinically specified structure labels to standardized labels as defined by the American Association of Physics in Medicine’s (AAPM) Task Group 263 (TG-263). Volumetric bitmaps were created based on the delineated volumes and were combined with associated bony anatomy data to build feature vectors. Feature reduction was performed with singular value decomposition and the resulting vectors were used for predicting the label of each structure using five different classifier algorithms on the Apache Spark platform with 5-fold cross-validation. Undersampling methods were used to deal with underlying class imbalance that hindered the performance of classifiers. Experiments were performed on both a curated version of the data, which included only annotated structures, and the non-curated data that included all structures from the original treatment plans. Results: Random Forest provided the highest accuracies with F1 scores of 98.77 for lung and 95.06 for prostate on the curated data sets. Scores were lower with 95.67 for lung and 90.22 for prostate on the non-curated data sets, highlighting some of the challenges of classifying real clinical data. Including bony anatomy data and pooling information from all structures for the same patient both increased accuracies. In some cases, undersampling with k-Means clustering for class balancing improved classifier accuracy but in all experiments it significantly reduced run time compared to random undersampling. Conclusion: This work shows that structure sets can be relabeled using our approach with accuracies over 95% for many structure types when presented with curated data. Although accuracies dropped when using the full non-curated data sets, some structure types were still correctly labeled over 90% of the time. With similar results obtained on an external test data set, we can infer that the proposed models are likely to work on other clinical data sets.
Hepatitis C Virus Testing Among Men With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Who Have Sex With Men: Temporal Trends and Racial/Ethnic Disparities.

Background National guidelines recommend that sexually active people with human immunodeficiency virus (PWH) who are men who have sex with men (MSM) be tested for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection at least annually. Hepatitis C virus testing rates vary by race/ethnicity in the general population, but limited data are available for PWH. Methods We analyzed medical records data from MSM in the HIV Outpatient Study at 9 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) clinics from January 1, 2011 through December 31, 2019. We excluded observation time after documented past or current HCV infection. We evaluated HCV antibody testing in each calendar year among HCV-seronegative MSM, and we assessed testing correlates by generalized estimating equation analyses. Results Of 1829 eligible MSM who were PWH, 1174 (64.2%) were non-Hispanic/Latino white (NHW), 402 (22.0%) non-Hispanic black (NHB), 187 (10.2%) Hispanic/Latino, and 66 (3.6%) of other race/ethnicity. Most were ≥40 years old (68.9%), privately insured (64.5%), with CD4 cell count/mm3 (CD4) ≥350 (77.0%), and with HIV viral load <200 copies/mL (76.9%). During 2011-2019, 1205 (65.9%) had ≥1 HCV antibody test and average annual HCV percentage tested was 30.3% (from 33.8% for NHB to 28.5% for NHW; P < .001). Multivariable factors positively associated (P < .05) with HCV testing included more recent HIV diagnosis, public insurance, lower CD4, prior chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis, or hepatitis B virus diagnoses, and elevated liver enzyme levels, but not race/ethnicity. Conclusions Although we found no disparities by race/ethnicity in HCV testing, low overall HCV testing rates indicate suboptimal uptake of recommended HCV testing among MSM in HIV care.
The Influence of the Timing of Work on Effort

This paper investigates work effort using novel air pressure data from compressed air machinery which moved directly with effort in a large manufacturing plant. Work effort is found to vary by shift, and standard shift differentials do not fully compensate for the disutility of non-standard hours, resulting in workers reducing their effective labor supply by exerting less effort to reach equilibrium. This documents a labor adjustment mechanism without resorting to job separation or renegotiation. Work effort, and thus productivity, is also found to vary inversely with macroeconomic conditions even in the absence of layoff.
YouTube: An Effective Web 2.0 Informing Channel for Health Education to Prevent STDs

YouTube is a social media venue with great potential as a health education-informing channel. Health educators and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2011) recognize that YouTube enjoys a high level of engagement and comfort among young users. This enhances its educational value for this vulnerable population, who already account for half of the new sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) diagnosed annually. It is imperative to reach these users with information about safe sex and sexual risk prevention. In this work, 18-24 year old undergraduates were pre-tested, and half of the participants viewed an entertaining YouTube safe sex education video while the other half viewed a factual YouTube safe sex education video. Posttests on both groups confirmed YouTube’s significant value as a health education-informing channel that fosters knowledge acquisition and provokes healthy future behavior change. This study clarifies user preferences for health education messaging on YouTube, and confirms YouTube’s substantial educational utility, while guiding health educators’ effective use of this health education-informing channel.
CFD modeling and simulation of a hydropower system in generating clean electricity from water flow

In this study, electric generation capacity of a hydropower system was evaluated through computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling and simulation. Performance of paddle wheels in producing hydropower out of running water under different speeds was evaluated, and effects of side and bottom fins and paddle wheel shape on power generation were discussed based on the CFD results. It was also found that, compared to the regular straight paddles, the curved paddles can increase the electricity generation capacity of the entire system by 10–20 % at different water speeds. A preliminary economic analysis revealed the great prospects of applying the presented hydropower technology in regions with rich water resource to produce and supply low-cost, clean, and renewable electricity for a large amount of households and industries.