cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Negotiating Data: Reflections on the Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Negotiation Processes

This article examines the relative advantages and disadvantages of quantitative and qualitative research methods for the analysis of the process and outcome of international negotiations. It does this by tracing the author's personal evolution as a researcher in the field, indicating how shifting paradigms and changing research questions have created a need for diverse methodologies, each tailored to the specific questions under investigation. It is concluded that large-scale systematic analyses of international negotiations can best be carried out by large interdisciplinary research teams. This will require negotiation scholars to negotiate with one another to develop collaborative research strategies and measurement instruments. If we are to be successful in large-scale, systematic studies of international negotiations, we must emulate our colleagues in fields such as the natural sciences where large teams with substantial resources collaborate over extended periods of time to produce meaningful findings.
Comparison of Transillumination and Histologic Slide Measurements of Tumor Diameter in Uveal Melanoma

Abstract Tumor size is an important prognostic factor for deaths due to uveal melanoma. The objectives of this study are: (1) to determine the association between largest tumor diameter assessed by clinical transillumination and largest tumor diameter assessed by measurement of the histologic slide; (2) to predict a clinical transillumination diameter for each enucleation specimen based on the best combination of histologic variables—diameter, height, location, and tumor shape; and (3) to use the predicted transillumination diameter in place of histologic diameter measurement as a prognostic factor for patients treated by enucleation in order to reevaluate previously reported survival outcomes for patients treated by proton beam and enucleation. Comparison of measurements on 40 eyes indicated that transillumination largest diameter measurements were larger than histologic slide measurements (mean difference, 2.87 mm). Multiple linear regression analysis yielded the following equation: transillumination di ameter=[4.73 + (0.58 × histologic diameter) + (0.38 × histologic height) + (1.87 × anterior location)]. Using the actual and predicted transillumination measurements, the results of this study support a previously published report on these data: treatment type, tumor size, and location were predictive of mel anoma-related deaths, metastases, and all deaths.
Sequence of Direct Instructional Activities for Handicapped Learners

Numerous reports have appeared in the professional literature supporting direct instructional procedures. Studies with handicapped and non-handicapped learners have identified teaching functions associated with student achievement. The present paper describes a sequence of instructional activities particularly well suited to the needs of mildly handicapped learners. Special attention is given to techniques that maximize teacher effectiveness.
The perceived importance of major RFID-related technology initiatives among retail store managers

The emergence of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)-enabling technology has many supply chain partners very concerned with its current and future uses, benefits to all in the value chain, the end consumers' satisfaction and the costs to implement, as well as personal privacy and legal issues. The audience that participated in the direct interview process were store managers of a major retail giant that has been a consistent leader in promoting the benefits of RFID-enabling technology with its supply chain partners and these managers were fairly representative of this firm, located in the Pittsburgh area. Based on factor analysis, Information Technology (IT)-related prerequisites, operational efficiency metrics and managerial and financial opportunities were statistically significant groupings (p < 0.05) that were derived from the independent variables that loaded into each grouping or factor-based construct, with a cumulative variance of 70.7%. Three hypotheses were tested with mixed results concerning the importance of RFID-based technology implementation, the degree of properly developed IT infrastructure before implementation, the expectations of timely and substantial Return On Investment (ROI) and if mandated, to implement RFID applications would have expected internal organisational improvement while seeing the value added of RFID-based implementation.
CD154 (CD40 ligand).

CD40 ligand, a type II transmembrane protein recently renamed CD154, was originally considered restricted to activated T lymphocytes, functioning as a mediator of T cell-dependent B cell activation, proliferation, and differentiation. However, the spectrum of CD154 expression and function has broadened considerably during recent years, establishing new roles as a central mediator of immunity and inflammation for this member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) gene superfamily. The emerging picture indicates that ligation of the receptor CD40 via CD154, most potently in its trimeric form, functions in two ways. CD154 modulates physiologic processes, such as T cell-mediated effector functions and general immune responses required for appropriate host defense, but also triggers the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators, such as cytokines, adhesion molecules, and matrix degrading activities, all of which are associated with the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory diseases, e.g., autoimmune disorders, arthritis, atherosclerosis, and cancer. Accordingly, CD40/CD154 interactions have advanced as a potential therapeutic target for these diseases, whereby two opposing strategies, interruption as well as enhancement of CD40 signaling, are explored for beneficial outcomes.
Frank Capra's "Why We Fight" Series and the American Audience.

In 1942, successful Hollywood filmmaker, Frank Capra, was drafted by the Office of War Information to produce a series of documentaries explaining the American involvement in World War II to both military personnel and civilians. The result of his efforts was the seven‐part Why We Fight series seen by millions worldwide. This analysis investigates Capra's portrayal of fundamental American values through the visual contrast techniques of parallel editing and deep focus. Capra's failure to adapt the visual framework of arguments from preceding films to The Battle of China explains its temporary suppression by the United States government.
The characterization of radular muscle myoglobins from the gastropod mollusc Busycon canaliculatum L.

Abstract 1. 1. Two myoglobin components, Mb-1 and Mb-2, have been isolated from the radular muscles of Busycon canaliculatum. 2. 2. The amino acid composition of Mb-1 is indistinguishable from that of Mb-2 and is as follows: Lys32–34His9–10Arg6 1 2 Cys4Asp34–38Th19Ser13 Glu12Pro4–6Gly26–27Ala34–38Val15–16Met10Ileu5–6Leu32–34Tyr2Phe17–18 Trp0. 3. 3. There appear to be about 280–285 amino acid residues in each protein. 4. 4. The molecular weight of each of the two proteins is about 31,000 and each contains 1 heme group. 5. 5. The evolution of proteins is discussed and it is tentatively concluded that molluscan hemoglobins may have evolved independently of each other and of the vertebrate pigments.
Optoacoustic cell permeation

Optically generated acoustic waves have been used to temporarily permeate biological cells. This technique may be useful for enhancing transfection of DNA into cells or enhancing the absorption of locally delivered drugs. A diode-pumped frequency-doubled Nd:YAG laser operating at kHz repetition rates was used to produce a series of acoustic pulses. An acoustic wave was formed via thermoelastic expansion by depositing laser radiation into an absorbing dye. Generated pressures were measured with a PVDF hydrophone. The acoustic waves were transmitted to cultured and plated cells. The cell media contained a selection of normally- impermeable fluorescent-labeled dextran dyes. Following treatment with the opto-acoustic technique, cellular incorporation of dyes, up to 40,000 Molecular Weight, was noted. Control cells that did not receive opto-acoustic treatment had unremarkable dye incorporation. Uptake of dye was quantified via fluorescent microscopic analysis. Trypan Blue membrane exclusion assays and fluorescent labeling assays confirmed the vitality of cells following treatment. This method of enhanced drug delivery has the potential to dramatically reduce required drug dosages and associated side effects and enable revolutionary therapies.
Improved Recovery in Activities of Daily Living Associated With Remission of Poststroke Depression

Background and Purpose—Poststroke depression is associated with impaired recovery of activities of daily living (ADL) function compared with similar nondepressed patients. We examined the differenc...
Cherenkov rings from single particles observed with a high-gain image intensifier system

A high-gain image intensifier system with a lucite Cherenkov radiator was used in an attempt to detect photons in Cherenkov rings. The radiator was a cone of halfangle 19 un. Concent 85% with an effective path length of 4.8 cm. The particles used emitted light in a cone of half-angle 47 un. Concent 85% 13', which was transformed to 14 un. Concent 85% by one internal reflection. On the average five spots were seen on the ring from individual particles. It appears that Cherenkov light has been observed, but that the rings cannot yet be used for precision measurements because of the small number of spots and poor resolution. (A.G.W.)
On the local equatorial characterization of zonoids and intersection bodies

Abstract In this paper we show that there is no local equatorial characterization of zonoids in odd dimensions. This gives a negative answer to the conjecture posed by W. Weil in 1977 and shows that the local equatorial characterization of zonoids may be given only in even dimensions. In addition we prove a similar result for intersection bodies and show that there is no local characterization of these bodies.
Synthesis and epimerization of 1-Alkyl-2-carbomethoxy-4-methyl (or phenyl)azetidines

A number of 1-alkyl-2-carbomethoxyazetidines have been prepared from the reaction of primary amines with α,γ-dibromoearbonyl compounds. A series of base catalyzed reactions performed on selected cis, trans-1-alkyl-2-carbomethoxy-4-alkyl(aryl)azetidines reveal the cis isomer to be of greater thermodynamic stability. Furthermore, base catalyzed deuterium exchange studies suggest this to be the case.
Acquired immunity dependent upon exposure in an SIRS epidemic model

Abstract The dynamics of immunity boosted by reexposure to infection are incorporated into an SIRS (Susceptible/Infected/Recovered (immune)/Susceptible) epidemic model. The basic reproductive rate, R 0 , is derived. If R 0 is less than unity, there exists a unique, stable equilibrium which is disease-free. If R 0 is greater than unity, the disease-free equilibrium is unstable and there exists a unique stable endemic equilibrium. The qualitative picture is unchanged if immune individuals also contribute to transmission, as long as the degree of infectivity of immune individuals does not exceed that of infected individuals who are ill. Analysis of this simple model illustrates how the phenomenon of boosted immunity complicates disease control. Partially effective disease control may be harmful because reduction of transmission may lead to increased prevalence of illness. Furthermore, predictions concerning the effect of control are sensitive to uncertainty about the relative contributions of symptomatic infected individuals and asymptomatic immune carriers to the reservoir of infection.
Changing Values in Advanced Industrial Societies Inglehart's Silent Revolution from the Perspective of Japanese Findings

Ronald Inglehart has demonstrated the important political and behavioral implications of value change in advanced industrial societies. In an effort to enhance our understanding of this politically relevant “silent revolution,” an alternate theory of value change is presented, contrasting Inglehart's “needs theory” approach with a “functional constraints” theoretic construct. It is then argued that both kinds of value change are taking place, the first a change in the priorities attached to economic as opposed to noneconomic, value issues as measured by a materialism-nonmaterialism scale, and the second a change in basic social value preferences as measured by an authoritarian-libertarian scale. It is further argued that Inglehart's acquisitive-postbourgeois value scale combines both of these value priority and value preference dimensions. Relying primarily on Japanese data, it is demonstrated that these two subdimensions have sharply contrasting properties in both their causal origins and behavioral prop...
The Multitheoretical List of Therapeutic Interventions (MULTI): Initial report

Abstract The Multitheoretical List of Therapeutic Interventions (MULTI) assesses interventions from eight different psychotherapy orientations (behavioral, cognitive, dialectical–behavioral, interpersonal, person centered, psychodynamic, process-experiential, and common factors) and from the perspective of clients, therapists, and observers. The internal consistency for the subscales was moderate to high. Split-half reliability was moderate for clients and low to moderate for therapists and untrained observers. Interrater reliability for the subscales was low for untrained raters but moderate for psychotherapy-knowledgeable raters. A model of the MULTI subscales representing different psychotherapy orientations fit the data adequately but not parsimoniously in a confirmatory factor analysis. MULTI subscale levels successfully predicted sessions of different psychotherapy orientations. The MULTI seems to be a promising tool to investigate the interventions that occur in different psychotherapies.
Constrictive pericarditis as a complication of cardiac surgery: Recognition of an entity

Abstract Among 5,207 adult patients who underwent cardiac surgery, postoperative constrictive pericarditis was recognized in 11 patients (0.2% incidence rate). Seven patients had coronary arterial bypass grafting and 4 had valve replacement; the pericardium was left open in all cases. The average interval between surgery and presentation of pericardial constriction was 82 days (range 14 to 186). M mode echocardiography revealed epicardial and pericardial thickening in 7 cases and variable degrees of posterior pericardial effusion in 5 cases. Cardiac catheterization demonstrated uniformity of diastolic pressures with a characteristic early diastolic dip and late plateau pattern. Two patients responded to medical therapy for chronic pericarditis. One patient had a limited parietal pericardiectomy followed by recurrent constrictive pericarditis that eventually stabilized with medical therapy. The other 8 patients required radical pericardiectomy. The pathophysiology of constriction after surgery is unclear. Its clinical expression involves a wide spectrum of presentation and therapeutic response. Constrictive pericarditis may be a complication of cardiac surgery in spite of an open pericardium and should be considered in postoperative patients who present with deteriorating cardiac function.
Environmentally stable all-normal-dispersion femtosecond fiber laser

We demonstrate a mode-locked all-normal-dispersion ytterbium-doped fiber laser constructed with polarization-maintaining fibers. Spectral filtering of a chirped pulse in the cavity, along with a semiconductor saturable absorber, produce self-starting femtosecond mode-locked operation with large normal dispersion. Environmentally stable generation of 2 nJ and 300 fs pulses is achieved.
European and North American Multinationals, 1870–1914: Comparisons and Contrasts

(1988). European and North American Multinationals, 1870–1914: Comparisons and Contrasts. Business History: Vol. 30, No. 1, pp. 8-45.
Steady-state migration and diffusion of hydrocarbons in complex stratigraphic sequences

A mean-field method is used to describe both average and fluctuating flow properties of water and oil in sedimentary basins. Comparison of oil and water flow shows the relative strengths of capillarity and buoyancy in controlling the mean and fluctuating components of flow. Effects of sandiness and water-wetness are studied as is the effect of decreasing porosity with increasing subsurface burial. Numerical estimates suggest that sandiness percentages between about 20 to 80% influence mean and fluctuating components of flow. Outside of this regime the end-member situations of shale or sand prevail.
Characterization of Aphanomyces euteiches strains based on pathogenicity tests and random amplified polymorphic DNA analyses.

Genotypic variation among 62 strains of Aphanomyces euteiches, four of A. cochlioides, and a Saprolegnia sp. was investigated using RAPD analysis. Pathogenicity assays on pea, bean, alfalfa, red clover, and sugarbeet were used to determine host preference among the strains of A. euteiches and A. cochlioides. Pathogenicity tests revealed six pathotypes of A. euteiches with host preferences for bean, alfalfa, pea, pea and alfalfa, red clover and alfalfa, and bean and alfalfa. Another group of strains was non-pathogenic on the five plant species. The host of origin tended to be the host on which each strain incited the highest disease severity. A. euteiches did not incite root rot symptoms on sugarbeet, and A. cochlioides was pathogenic only to sugarbeet. RAPD analyses provided a measure of genetic diversity in Aphanomyces. Fifty random decanucleotide primers were screened with five test strains from four hosts representing different pathotypes, and 32 primers amplified DNA fragments from all five strains. Eight primers were chosen for most of this study based on number and polymorphic nature of the bands generated. RAPD assays of 62 strains of A. euteiches with the eight primers yielded 159 polymorphic and no monomorphic, strongly amplified bands. Cluster analyses of RAPD data revealed genotypic differences among three groups of A. euteiches which corresponded to their host of origin and host preference for bean, alfalfa, and red clover/alfalfa. Strains nonpathogenic on all plants tested formed another genotypic group, corroborating results from the pathogenicity assays that indicated this is a discrete group. The bean and non-pathogenic groups were the most distinct. The A. cochlioides and Saprolegnia strains were genotypically distinct from the pathogenic, but not the non-pathogenic strains of A. euteiches. Reproducibility of RAPD assays was confirmed by replicated amplifications and DNA hybridization analysis. Results indicated that A. euteiches is composed of distinct subspecific groups based on genotype and host preference.
Isolation of oxytocin and arginine vasopressin by way of a protein complex on a preparative scale.

Abstract By applying the procedure previously described for the isolation of oxytocin and vasopressin starting with the dried powder of the posterior pituitary of beef glands, the two hormones are readily obtained in good yield. The vasopressin is obtained in a high state of purity.
The dimensions of temperament

The correlations among the thirteen personality scores yielded by the Guilford schedule for factors STDCR, and the Guilford-Martin schedules for factors GAMIN, and O, Ag, and Co, as reported by Lovell, were factored by the centroid method. The purpose was to see how many factors were represented by the thirteen scores; therefore the test reliabilities were used in the diagonal cells. It was found that the scores represent not more than nine linearly independent factors. The orthogonal factor matrix was rotated to oblique simple structure. Seven of the oblique factors were given tentative interpretation. Two factors were regarded as residual factors because of the small variance which they represent. The seven factors have been named Active, Vigorous, Impulsive, Dominant, Stable, Sociable, and Reflective.
The neural basis of puberty and adolescence

The pubertal transition to adulthood involves both gonadal and behavioral maturation. A developmental clock, along with permissive signals that provide information on somatic growth, energy balance and season, time the awakening of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons at the onset of puberty. High-frequency GnRH release results from disinhibition and activation of GnRH neurons at puberty onset, leading to gametogenesis and an increase in gonadal steroid hormone secretion. Steroid hormones, in turn, both remodel and activate neural circuits during adolescent brain development, leading to the development of sexual salience of sensory stimuli, sexual motivation, and expression of copulatory behaviors in specific social contexts. These influences of hormones on reproductive behavior depend in part on changes in the adolescent brain that occur independently of gonadal maturation. Reproductive maturity is therefore the product of developmentally timed, brain-driven and recurrent interactions between steroid hormones and the adolescent nervous system.
Shareholder Reward and its Impact on Capital Structure and Dividend Policy: Financial Innovation by Hindustan Levver Limited

The objective of this case is to make students realize the implications of various methods of shareholder rewarding available to a corporation. The corporation has to weigh the consequence of each alternative in context of expected sustainability of future earnings and their growth. The case discussion may center on corporate finance issues, agency issues, and ownership issues. EVA analysis adds rigor to the student understanding of income and cost of capital estimation. Hindustan Lever Limite (HLL) is a 51% owned subsidiary of Unolever (U.K.) and is listed on the Mumbai (Bombay) Stock Exchange. It recently announced a bonus debenture issue in the ratio of one debenture for every share held. the debentures will be redeemed in three years and bear interest rate of 9% per annum. The issue has wide implications on capital structure, dividend policy, and managerial incentives.
AlGaN-based deep ultraviolet LEDs by plasma assisted molecular beam epitaxy

We report the development of AlGaN-based deep UV LEDs by RF plasma-assisted MBE. Devices emitting at 273 nm were evaluated at bare-die configuration and found to have an output power of 1.3 mW at 100 mA injection current and external quantum efficiency of 0.4%.
Neurocognitive predictors of social and communicative developmental trajectories in preschoolers with autism spectrum disorders

Currently, the heterogeneity in the developmental trajectories of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is poorly understood. Preschool children with ASD participating in a longitudinal study received a battery of neurocognitive tasks that measured the learning of reward associations (Lrn-Rew), spatial working memory (SpatWM), and imitation from memory and novelty preference (Mem/Nov), as well as a measure of nonverbal problem-solving ability (NVDQ). Growth curve analyses via HLM were used to predict the variability in growth rates between age 4 to age 6.5 in Vineland Socialization and Communication scores. Individual differences in both Lrn-Rew and Mem/Nov were significantly related to Socialization and Communication growth rates above and beyond NVDQ, whereas SpatWM was not. Thus, specific aspects of neurocognitive functioning appear to be important predictors of developmental variability during the preschool years in children with ASD. We speculate that these findings support the combined role of ventromedial prefrontal and medial temporal lobe systems in the early pathogenesis of ASD and may be useful in predicting developmental trajectory. The benefits and challenges of assessing specific neurocognitive functions in children with autism is discussed with regard to general cognitive/developmental ability and the behavioral requirements of most assessment settings.
BCR-JAK2 fusion as a result of a translocation (9;22)(p24;q11.2) in a patient with CML-like myeloproliferative disease

Translocation (9;22)(q34;q11.2) resulting in BCR/ABL1 fusion at the molecular level is the hallmark of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). Variants of the Philadelphia translocation and complex translocations involving BCR have been reported in myeloproliferative disorders (MPD). A rare translocation, t(9;22)(p24;q11.2), resulting in a novel BCR-JAK2 fusion has been reported in a handful of cases of CML and acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). We present clinical-pathological and cytogenetic evaluation of a patient with Philadelphia-chromosome negative CML/MPD harboring a t(9;22)(p24;q11.2) resulting in BCR-JAK2 fusion. Fluorescence in situ hybridization and molecular characterization of the translocation confirmed a BCR-JAK2 fusion and helped delineate the breakpoints upstream of exon 1 of minor cluster region of BCR gene and likely intron 18 of the JAK2 gene, resulting in an in-frame transcript This case provides convincing support, along with two previous case-reports, for a role for activation of the Janus kinase 2 in evolution of myeloproliferative disease. The recurrent, albeit rare, nature of the breakpoints within BCR and JAK2 suggests a potential new diagnostic target that should be interrogated in Ph-negative CML/MPD patients.
Convectively Coupled Equatorial Waves: Analysis of Clouds and Temperature in the Wavenumber–Frequency Domain

A wavenumber-frequency spectrum analysis is performed for all longitudes in the domain 158S‐158N using a long (;18 years) twice-daily record of satellite-observed outgoing longwave radiation (OLR), a good proxy for deep tropical convection. The broad nature of the spectrum is red in both zonal wavenumber and frequency. By removing an estimated background spectrum, numerous statistically significant spectral peaks are isolated. Some of the peaks correspond quite well to the dispersion relations of the equatorially trapped wave modes of shallow water theory with implied equivalent depths in the range of 12‐50 m. Cross-spectrum analysis with the satellite-based microwave sounding unit deep-layer temperature data shows that these spectral peaks in the OLR are ‘‘coupled’’ with this dynamical field. The equivalent depths of the convectively coupled waves are shallower than those typical of equatorial waves uncoupled with convection. Such a small equivalent depth is thought to be a result of the interaction between convection and the dynamics. The convectively coupled equatorial waves identified correspond to the Kelvin, n 5 1 equatorial Rossby, mixed Rossby-gravity, n 5 0 eastward inertiogravity, n 5 1 westward inertio-gravity (WIG), and n 5 2 WIG waves. Additionally, the Madden‐Julian oscillation and tropical depression-type disturbances are present in the OLR spectra. These latter two features are unlike the convectively coupled equatorial waves due to their location away from the equatorial wave dispersion curves in the wavenumber-frequency domain. Extraction of the different convectively coupled disturbances in the time‐longitude domain is performed by filtering the OLR dataset for very specific zonal wavenumbers and frequencies. The geographical distribution of the variance of these filtered data gives further evidence that some of the spectral peaks correspond to particular equatorial wave modes. The results have implications for the cumulus parameterization problem, for the excitation of equatorial waves in the lower stratosphere, and for extended-range forecasting in the Tropics.
Stochastic Volatility Effects on Defaultable Bonds

This paper studies the effect of introducing stochastic volatility in the first‐passage structural approach to default risk. The impact of volatility time scales on the yield spread curve is analyzed. In particular it is shown that the presence of a short time scale in the volatility raises the yield spreads at short maturities. It is argued that combining first passage default modelling with multiscale stochastic volatility produces more realistic yield spreads. Moreover, this framework enables the use of perturbation techniques to derive explicit approximations which facilitate the complicated issue of calibration of parameters.
Delusions of parasitosis

Delusions of parasitosis is a rare psychiatric disorder in which the patient has a fixed, false belief that he or she is infested by parasites. Even though it is a psychiatric disorder, these patients usually present to a dermatologist because they are convinced that they have a dermatologic problem. Patients with delusions of parasitosis generally reject psychiatric referral. The traditional treatment of choice for delusions of parasitosis is the antipsychotic medication pimozide (Orap, Gate Pharmaceuticals, Philadelphia, PA). The use of pimozide has been limited by its adverse effects, most notably extrapyramidal adverse effects. There is now an emerging role for atypical antipsychotics with a safer adverse effect profile in the treatment of delusions of parasitosis. However, the most challenging aspect of managing these patients may be the challenge of establishing rapport in the face of unshakable delusional ideation.
Photothermal-lensing measurements of two-photon absorption and two-photon-induced color centers in borosilicate glasses at 532 nm

Using photothermal lensing, we have measured two-photon absorption coefficients and have observed laser-induced solarization at 532 nm in the transparent borosilicate glasses BK-3, BK-7, and BK-10. The two-photon absorption coefficients at 532 nm are 0.6, 2.9, and 0.4 cm/TW for BK-3, BK-7, and BK-10, respectively. This is approximately 2 orders of magnitude smaller than the two-photon absorption coefficients of crystalline materials of comparable energy-band gap. Our results in BK-7 indicate that a two-photon processinitiates the solarization and that one-photon bleaching limits it. The maximum induced absorption at 532 nm in BK-7 is approximately 0.07 cm−1 per GW/cm2.
Plan recognition in complex spatial domains

We are researching the problem of plan recognition in a complex real-world domain consisting of training battles conducted by actual troops at the US Army’s National Training Center. These battles involve hundreds of participants, last several days, and take place over a very large geographical area. Our task is to identify from this data repeated patterns of movement which correspond to planned "maneuvers" -coordinated activities which generate identifiable patterns of movement that can be identified and used as a basis for prediction. Figure 1 depicts the movements of agents in a training battle over a relatively short amount of time (approximately three hours).
Enamel microstructure and molar wear in the greater galago, Otolemur crassicaudatus (mammalia, primates)

This study describes the molar enamel microstructure of the greater galago, based on SEM study of four individuals. Galago molar enamel consists primarily of radially oriented Pattern 1 prisms. However, the most superficial enamel is characterized by regions of poorly developed prisms or nonprismatic enamel, and Pattern 3 prisms can be found at depths intermediate and deep to the enamel surface. Orientations of prism long axes relative to wear surfaces differ among functionally distinct regions (cuspal facets, Phase I/II facets, and crushing basins). Consequently, orientations of enamel crystallites relative to these surfaces also differ. Because crystallites are the structural unit involved in enamel abrasion, these differences in orientation may have important effects on molar wear patterns. Crystallite orientations differ most between cuspal facets and Phase I/II facet surfaces. Cuspal facets are characterized by near surface-parallel interprismatic and surface-oblique prismatic crystallites. Previous experimental studies suggest that this arrangement is most resistant to wear when surface-normal (compressive) loads predominate. In contrast, prismatic and interprismatic crystallites intercept Phase I/II facet surfaces obliquely, an arrangement expected to resist abrasion when surface-parallel (shearing) loads predominate. Superficial enamel is preserved at most basin surfaces, indicating that these regions are subject to comparatively little abrasive wear. These results support the hypothesis that galago occlusal enamel is organized so as to resist abrasion of different functional regions, a property that may prove important in maintaining functional efficiency. However, this largely reflects constraints of occlusal topography on a microstructure typical of many mammals and thus does not appear to represent a structural innovation.
Citability of Original Research and Reviews in Journals and Their Sponsored Supplements

Background The contents of pharmaceutical industry sponsored supplements to medical journals are perceived to be less credible than the contents of their parent journals. It is unknown if their contents are cited as often. The objective of this study was to quantify the citability of original research and reviews contained in supplements and compare it with that for the parent journal. Methodology/Principal Findings This was a cohort study of 446 articles published in the Journal of Clinical Psychiatry (JCP) and its supplements for calendar years 2000 and 2005. The total citation counts for each article up to October 5, 2009 were retrieved from the ISI Web of Science database. The main outcome measure was the number of citations received by an article since publication. Regular journal articles included 114 from calendar year 2000 and 190 from 2005. Articles from supplements included 90 from 2000 and 52 from 2005. The median citation counts for the 3 years post-publication were 10 (interquartile range [IQR], 4–20), 14 (IQR, 8–20), 13.5 (IQR, 8–23), and 13.5 (IQR, 8–20), for the 2000 parent journal, 2000 supplements, 2005 parent journal, and 2005 supplements, respectively. Citation counts were higher for the articles in the supplements than the parent journal for the cohorts from 2000 (p = .02), and no different for the year 2005 cohorts (p = .88). The 2005 parent journal cohort had higher citation counts than the 2000 cohort (p = .007), in contrast to the supplements where citation counts remained the same (p = .94). Conclusions/Significance Articles published in JCP supplements are robustly cited and thus can be influential in guiding clinical and research practice, as well as shaping critical thinking. Because they are printed under the sponsorship of commercial interests, they may be perceived as less than objective. A reasonable step to help improve this perception would be to ensure that supplements are peer-reviewed in the same way as regular articles in the parent journal.
Do Faith Communities Have a Role in Addressing Childhood Obesity

Objectives Pediatric obesity is a multifaceted phenomenon. A partnership with faith-based communities to address the issue has been suggested. The purpose of this study was to describe the cultural beliefs of faith community leaders regarding childhood obesity and to examine attitudes about their role in addressing the issue. Design and Sample A qualitative descriptive design informed by ethnographic methods and triangulation of multiple data sources was utilized to assess the cultural beliefs of faith community leaders. A purposive sample of 13 leaders (nine females, four males) from seven multicultural and multigenerational local faith communities participated in the study. No more than three participants from any one faith community were enrolled in the study. Results Twenty-first century lifestyle challenges, accountability of behaviors (a dichotomy that fluctuated between individual responsibility to community and/or social responsibility), and the need for intentionality emerged as themes from the data. Conclusions Faith community leaders envisioned a role for faith communities in addressing childhood obesity. Findings support the ongoing development of population based health promotion programs through faith community engagement. The findings provide a foundation for nurses partnering with faith communities on health promotion programs targeting childhood obesity to address family health issues in a holistic way.
Fairy Tales: Attraction and Stereotypes in Same-Gender Relationships

We examine the process of romantic attraction in same-gender relationships using open and closed-ended questionnaire data from a sample of 120 men and women in Northern California. Agreeableness (e.g., kind, supportive) and Extraversion (e.g., fun, sense of humor) are the two most prominent bases of attraction, followed by Physical Attractiveness (e.g., appearance, sexy). The least important attractors represent traits associated with material success (e.g., financially secure, nice house). We also find evidence of seemingly contradictory attraction processes documented previously in heterosexual romantic relationships, in which individuals become disillusioned with the qualities in a partner that were initially appealing. Our findings challenge common stereotypes of same-gender relationships. The results document broad similarities between same-gender and cross-gender couples in attraction.
Middle Proterozoic geologic evolution of Llano uplift, Texas: Evidence from U-Pb zircon geochronometry

The Llano uplift is a gentle structural dome that exposes Middle Proterozoic crystalline rocks of Grenville affinity. Zircon U-Pb geochronometry of polydeformed metaigneous rocks and post-tectonic plutons in the uplift defines a more protracted and complex geologic evolution than previously documented. Results indicate that the uplift harbors crust at least 1,303 m.y. old, demonstrate that igneous protoliths of some metamorphic units were emplaced between 1,252 and 1,232 m.y. ago, and constrain major Grenville deformational processes to have taken place between 1,232 and 1,116 m.y. ago. This metamorphosed and deformed crust was then perforated by a suite of coarse-grained granitic plutons the emplacement ages of which range from 1116 to 1070 Ma. When considered in conjunction with the present geometric organization of metamorphic units within the uplift, the U-Pb data suggest that contacts between some of the metamorphic units are tectonic. As in the case of Grenville tracts elsewhere, it appears that the Llano crust is structurally imbricated. The Middle Proterozoic temporal and geologic evolution of the uplift is similar to that described from other Grenville-age terranes in North America, thus verifying the synchroneity of orogenic processes along most of the Middle Proterozoic oceanward margin of Laurentia.
A Cryo-Electron Microscopy Study Identifies the Complete H16.V5 Epitope and Reveals Global Conformational Changes Initiated by Binding of the Neutralizing Antibody Fragment

ABSTRACT Human papillomavirus 16 (HPV16) is a worldwide health threat and an etiologic agent of cervical cancer. To understand the antigenic properties of HPV16, we pursued a structural study to elucidate HPV capsids and antibody interactions. The cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of a mature HPV16 particle and an altered capsid particle were solved individually and as complexes with fragment of antibody (Fab) from the neutralizing antibody H16.V5. Fitted crystal structures provided a pseudoatomic model of the virus-Fab complex, which identified a precise footprint of H16.V5, including previously unrecognized residues. The altered-capsid–Fab complex map showed that binding of the Fab induced significant conformational changes that were not seen in the altered-capsid structure alone. These changes included more ordered surface loops, consolidated so-called “invading-arm” structures, and tighter intercapsomeric connections at the capsid floor. The H16.V5 Fab preferentially bound hexavalent capsomers likely with a stabilizing effect that directly correlated with the number of bound Fabs. Additional cryo-EM reconstructions of the virus-Fab complex for different incubation times and structural analysis provide a model for a hyperstabilization of the capsomer by H16.V5 Fab and showed that the Fab distinguishes subtle differences between antigenic sites. IMPORTANCE Our analysis of the cryo-EM reconstructions of the HPV16 capsids and virus-Fab complexes has identified the entire HPV.V5 conformational epitope and demonstrated a detailed neutralization mechanism of this clinically important monoclonal antibody against HPV16. The Fab bound and ordered the apical loops of HPV16. This conformational change was transmitted to the lower region of the capsomer, resulting in enhanced intercapsomeric interactions evidenced by the more ordered capsid floor and “invading-arm” structures. This study advances the understanding of the neutralization mechanism used by H16.V5.
Using Integrated Optomechanical Modeling to Assess Performance of the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite

Presentation Brief on Using Integrated Optomechanical Modeling to Assess Performance of the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite.
Prenatal dinocap exposure alters swimming behavior in mice due to complete otolith agenesis in the inner ear

Exposure to the fungicide dinocap during gestation produces behavioral abnormalities in the house mouse that are not apparent at birth but become obvious at weaning. Pregnant mice (CD-1) were exposed on Days 7 to 16 of gestation to dinocap at 0, 6, 12, or 25 mg/kg/day and the postnatal behavioral development of the offspring was assessed. Torticollis (head-tilting) appears in the treated offspring at 3 weeks of age (4.4% at 12 and 25.3% at 25 mg/kg/day) and, during a test of swimming ability, many of the mice (6.8% at 12 and 47.2% at 25 mg/kg/day) sink below the surface or are unstable and swim on their side in the water. These behavioral abnormalities are the result of agenesis of the otoliths in the inner ears. These were the only developmental defects noted in the 12 mg/kg/day dosage group. In this group 4.4% of the mice displayed torticollis, 9.2% did not swim normally, 19% were missing one or more whole otoliths (7.7% were missing all four otoliths), and partial agenesis of the crystalline material was seen in an additional 11.6% of the mice. The frequency of behavioral and inner ear defects increased in the higher dosage group, but the order of sensitivity of the effects did not change.
Locking granularity revisited

Locking granularity refers to the size and hence the number of locks used to ensure the consistency of a database during multiple concurrent updates. In an earlier simulation study we concluded that coarse granularity, such as area or file locking, is to be preferred to fine granularity such as individual page or record locking. However, alternate assumptions than those used in the original paper can change that conclusion. First, we modified the assumptions concerning the placement of the locks on the database with respect to the accessing transactions. In the original model the locks were assumed to be well placed. Under worse case and random placement assumptions when only very small transactions access the database, fine granularity is preferable. Second, we extended the simulation to model a lock hierarchy where large transactions use large locks and small transactions use small locks. In this scenario, again under the random and worse case lock placement assumptions, fine granularity is preferable if all transactions accessing more than 1 percent of the database use large locks. Finally, the simulation was extended to model a “claim as needed” locking strategy together with the resultant possibility of deadlock. In the original study all locks were claimed in one atomic operation at the beginning of a transaction. The claim as needed strategy does not change the conclusions concerning the desired granularity.
An interactive visualization tool for multi-channel confocal microscopy data in neurobiology research

Confocal microscopy is widely used in neurobiology for studying the three-dimensional structure of the nervous system. Confocal image data are often multi-channel, with each channel resulting from a different fluorescent dye or fluorescent protein; one channel may have dense data, while another has sparse; and there are often structures at several spatial scales: subneuronal domains, neurons, and large groups of neurons (brain regions). Even qualitative analysis can therefore require visualization using techniques and parameters fine-tuned to a particular dataset. Despite the plethora of volume rendering techniques that have been available for many years, the techniques standardly used in neurobiological research are somewhat rudimentary, such as looking at image slices or maximal intensity projections. Thus there is a real demand from neurobiologists, and biologists in general, for a flexible visualization tool that allows interactive visualization of multi-channel confocal data, with rapid fine-tuning of parameters to reveal the three-dimensional relationships of structures of interest. Together with neurobiologists, we have designed such a tool, choosing visualization methods to suit the characteristics of confocal data and a typical biologist's workflow. We use interactive volume rendering with intuitive settings for multidimensional transfer functions, multiple render modes and multi-views for multi-channel volume data, and embedding of polygon data into volume data for rendering and editing. As an example, we apply this tool to visualize confocal microscopy datasets of the developing zebrafish visual system.
Partial Drying of Cut Pears to Improve Freeze/Thaw Texture

Bartlett pear quarters concentrated to 50% weight loss by immersion in a 60 degree Brix, 60 degrees C, sucrose solution maintained good color and texture upon freezing and thawing. In contrast the untreated control pear quarters darkened and became very soft. Less than 50% weight loss by osmotic concentration was not as effective in preventing loss of texture and color qualities. Hot-air drying, in combination with osmotic drying or alone, was more rapid, but did not keep the product from darkening or from becoming soft on freezing and thawing. After hot-air drying the pear core area turned pink. This did not occur after osmotic dehydration. The water activity decreased from 0.97 to 0.93 in this range of concentration, and the rate of decrease closely paralleled the reduction in moisture.
Chemokine receptor 5 is dispensable for innate and adaptive immune responses to Listeria monocytogenes infection.

Chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) binds macrophage inflammatory protein 1α (MIP-1α), MIP-1β, RANTES, and members of the monocyte chemotactic protein family and is also a receptor for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). CCR5 ligands can suppress HIV-1 entry into cells. In humans, homozygous mutations of the ccr5 gene confer resistance to HIV-1 infection. The role of CCR5 in defense against microbial infection is unclear. In this study we examined the innate and adaptive immune responses of CCR5-deficient mice to the intracellular bacterial pathogen Listeria monocytogenes. We found that migration of monocytic cells, formation of L. monocytogenes-containing lesions, and bacterial clearance occurred normally in the spleens and livers of CCR5-deficient animals. Activation of macrophages and dendritic cells during the first 3 days postinfection was normal in the absence of CCR5, as demonstrated by intact expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and production of the cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha, gamma interferon, and interleukin-12. Priming of L. monocytogenes-specific CD8 T cells also occured independently of CCR5 expression. Previously immunized, CCR5-deficient animals mounted normal secondary CD8 T-cell responses and cleared bacteria from infected organs similarly to wild-type controls, suggesting that CCR5 is dispensable for migration and activation of memory CD8 T cells. Our data indicate that CCR5-mediated chemotaxis is not required for defense against infection with L. monocytogenes.