cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Transforming healthcare and medical telemetry through cognitive radio networks

The Wireless Medical Telemetry Services (WMTS) band has been established by the FCC in the United States for transmission of data related to a patient?s health, and similar reserved channels exist for life-critical communications throughout the world. However, transmissions in the WMTS band are severely hampered by interferences from adjacent digital television channels, and due to non-uniform access priority, as this band is also shared by utility telemetry and government installations. In this article, we propose the use of cognitive radio technology to dynamically utilize the WMTS frequencies based on the activity patterns of the high priority users, and the quality of service constraints of the patients? data, while ensuring protection to existing higher priority transmissions and the safe operation of sensitive medical equipment. The priority users here are utility telemetry transmissions in certain portions of the WMTS band, government run radar sites, and legacy medical telemetry equipment without cognitive radio capability. We provide the first measurements on the complete WMTS spectrum activity at two major hospital locations in the Boston area, and outline an optimization framework that assigns frequency and transmission power jointly in this setting. The article also discusses the current state of the art and the major challenges in the implementation of this new cognitive radio assisted medical telemetry paradigm.
Trance-Formations: Mesmerism and “A Woman’s Power” in Louisa May Alcott’s Behind a Mask

(2003). Trance-Formations: Mesmerism and “A Woman’s Power” in Louisa May Alcott’s Behind a Mask. Women's Studies: Vol. 32, No. 7, pp. 835-851.
Time-Intensity Sensory Characteristics of Saccharin, Xylitol and Galactose and Their Effect on the Sweetness of Lactose

Time intensity measurement reveals a more comprehensive picture of the sweetness characteristics of various additives in combination with lactose than other sensory measurements. Sweetness additivity effects were found in the case of lactose-saccharin mixtures, synergistic sweetness effects were found in the case of lactose-xylitol mixtures and suppression of sweetness effects were found in lactosegalactose mixtures. These varied effects were only seen in the area under the time-intensity curve measurements. Sweetness suppression was found in all three mixtures when only the initial sweetness intensity and duration of sweetness measurements were interpreted.
Cardiovascular problems in noncardiac surgery.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW Perioperative cardiac complications remain a major area of concern as our surgical population increases in volume, age and frequency of comorbidity. A variety of strategies can be used to optimize patients and potentially reduce the incidence of these serious complications. RECENT FINDINGS Recent literature suggests a trend towards less invasive testing for detection and quantification of coronary artery disease and greater interest in pharmacologic 'cardioprotection' using beta-blockers, statins and other agents targeting heart rate control and other mechanisms (e.g. reducing inflammatory responses). The recent Perioperative Ischemic Evaluation study has substantially altered this approach at least towards widespread application to lower/intermediate risk cohorts. Considerable attention has been focused on ensuring optimal standardized perioperative management of patients with a recent percutaneous coronary intervention, particularly those with an intracoronary stent. Widespread surveillance of postoperative troponin release and increasing recognition of the prognostic potential of elevated preoperative brain natriuretic peptides point towards changing strategies for long-term risk stratification. SUMMARY The complexity of a particular patient's physiologic responses to a wide variety of surgical procedures, which are undergoing constant technological refinement generally associated with lesser degrees of invasivity and stress make calculation of patients' perioperative risk very challenging. At the present time, adequate information is available for the clinician to screen patients with high-risk preoperative predictors, delay elective surgery for patients with recent intracoronary stents and continue chronic beta-blockade in appropriate patients. New large-scale database and subanalyses of major trials (e.g. Perioperative Ischemic Evaluation and Coronary Artery Revascularization Prophylaxis) should provide additional information to minimize perioperative cardiac risk.
Properties of naked black holes

We investigate the properties of a class of near-extreme static black hole solutions called naked black holes. These black holes, which occur in string theory, have small curvature invariants but large tidal forces outside their event horizons. We show that these large tidal forces are due to a concentration of dilaton stress-energy near the horizon. We study infalling test strings and find that they are highly excited by the large tidal forces, but remain small. Perhaps most importantly, it turns out that a small amount of infalling matter will cause the curvature invariants to become large outside the horizon. Nevertheless, an exact calculation shows that both the matter trajectories and the classical black hole background are not significantly altered.
Adsorption of ethylene on stoichiometric and reduced NiO(100)

Abstract The adsorption of ethylene has been studied on stoichiometric NiO(100) and on surfaces reduced to 40% of the stoichiometric oxygen content. The adsorption process was followed with XPS, Auger spectroscopy and LEED at substrate temperatures of 200 to 500 K and at ethylene pressure of 5 × 10−7 Torr. At 200 K, two distinct ethylene species are observed on stoichiometric NiO(100). The first species saturates at 0.02 ML after 200 L and is adsorbed molecularly, interacting with both nickel and oxygen sites. A condensed species then forms which does not saturate for exposures up to 2100 L. Both adsorb reversibly with all traces of carbon absent by 270 K. At 200–300 K, reduced NiO(100) also adsorbs two molecular ethylene species, although with a preference for nickel sites. However, the uptake of ethylene increases only slightly with surface reduction. Adsorption is no longer reversible for the reduced surface and increasing the substrate temperature causes fragmentation of the adsorbed ethylene with a concomitant reduction in lattice oxygen content.
Multimodal, Multitask Interaction Design: A Follow up Study to Challenge Unimodal Design Assumptions

Advances in technology are enabling multiple sensory channels to be utilized in presenting information. Nevertheless, the human operator can become easily overwhelmed if an overabundance of information is presented in a non-systematic manner. Current design guidelines are primarily tailored towards unimodal or at most bimodal systems. Thus, the question becomes how to coordinate multiple sources of information in multimodal multitasking environments, and what design guidelines are needed to direct development of such interactive systems. The current study builds on a previous study and seeks to extend unimodal design theories to multimodal principles; it identifies some interesting differences in unimodal vs. multimodal multitask interaction.
Evaluation of microbial, botanical, and organic treatments for control of peanut seedling diseases.

Diseases affecting stand establishment are a major obstacle to organic production of peanut (Arachis hypogaea). Stand losses of 50% or more are possible with untreated seed. Biological, botanical, and organic seed treatments or soil amendments were tested for efficacy against pre- and postemergence damping-off of peanut in greenhouse, microplot, and field plot trials. Seed of the lines Perry, GP-NC 343, and Bailey (tested as N03081T) were used in all trials. Commercial formulations of Bacillus subtilis (Kodiak), B. pumilus (Yield Shield), Trichoderma harzianum (T-22 PB and Plantshield HC), Muscodor albus, and Coniothyrium minitans (Contans); activated charcoal; two separate soil amendments of dried herbage of Monarda didyma cultivars; a commercial fungicide control (Vitavax PC); and an untreated control were tested in natural soil in the greenhouse. Vitavax PC and Kodiak were the only treatments that resulted in higher percent emergence and survival than in untreated seed. A separate greenhouse experiment was conducted in natural soil or natural soil infested with field isolates of Aspergillus niger. Seed were treated with Kodiak, copper hydroxide (Champion), Plantshield HC, Kodiak + Plantshield HC, Streptomyces griseoviridis (Mycostop), hot water, Vitavax PC, or were left untreated. Seedling emergence and survival was much lower in infested versus uninfested soil. Seed treatment with Kodiak increased percent emergence and survival compared to untreated seed, but was not as effective as Vitavax PC. Field microplot studies in 2007 and 2008 at Clayton, NC, evaluated four seed treatments on the peanut lines following small grain cover crops, soil amendment with M. albus, or no cover. Cover crops did not affect emergence or interact with seed treatments. In field studies in 2007 and 2008 at Lewiston, NC, the peanut lines were planted with M. albus infurrow, with Kodiak or T. harzianum seed treatments, or were untreated. In the 2007 trial, none of the treatments improved stands compared to the untreated check. In 2008, the highest stand counts were produced by seed treated with Kodiak. In both years, Bailey produced the greatest stand counts. A. niger was strongly associated with postemergence damping-off in the field. Regardless of peanut line, in many trials, Kodiak seed treatment increased emergence and survival over untreated seed.
Calcification of the Deciduous Molars in Baboons (Papio anubis) and Other Primates

Molar tooth buds of known aged baboon fetuses were removed and stained in alizarin red S. The sequences of cusp calcification and coalescences were studied in the deciduous molars. The cusp calcification sequence was similar in the baboon, rhesus monkey, and man; the coalescence pattern of the baboon and rhesus monkey differed from that of man.
Distinct Pharmacological Mechanisms Leading to c-fos Gene Expression in the Fetal Suprachiasmatic Nucleus

Maternal treatment with cocaine or a D1-dopamine receptor agonist induces c-fos gene expression in the fetal suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN). Other treatments that induce c-fos expression in the fetal SCN include caffeine and nicotine. In the current article, the authors assessed whether these different pharmacological treatments activate c-fos expression by a common neurochemical mechanism. The results indicate the presence of at least two distinct pharmacological pathways to c-fos expression in the fetal rat SCN. Previous studies demonstrate that prenatal activation of dopamine receptors affects the developing circadian system. The present work shows that stimulant drugs influence the fetal brain through multiple transmitter systems and further suggests that there may be multiple pathways leading to entrainment of the fetal biological clock.
Prediction based storage management in the smart grid

Economic and environmental concerns have fostered interest in incorporating greater amounts of electricity from renewable energy sources into the grid. Unfortunately, the intermittent availability of renewable power has raised a barrier to the inclusion of these sources. Distributed storage is perceived as a means to extract value from the different resources. However, the large cost of storage requires the design of algorithms that can manage intermittent resources with minimum storage size. At the same time, advances in metering, communication, and weather prediction allow real time management of energy generation, distribution and consumption based on predictions of the future. In this paper, we focus on online algorithms for local storage management that use short term predictions of intermittent renewable resource availability. In contrast to prior work, we develop algorithms that come with theoretical bounds on performance even when demand, prices and availability are arbitrary (possibly non-stochastic), and the utility functions non-concave. Our fundamental contribution is to prove how appropriate discounting of future welfare leads to storage management algorithms that exhibit excellent practical performance even in the worst-case scenario. We substantiate these theoretical guarantees with experiments that demonstrate the effectiveness of our algorithms and the value of storage in the smart grid.
Nd:YAG laser treatment of a bleeding Dieulafoy's lesion.

Dieulafoy's lesion,! also known as exulceratio simplex and submucosal arterial malformation, is a rare cause of massive gastrointestinal hemorrhage. The entity was first described in 1884 by Gallard and later characterized by the french surgeon George Dieulafoy in 1896. The lesion appears to be a large tortuous submucosal artery which usually develops in the stomach and ruptures for reasons not well understood. The resulting hemorrhage is massive. Endoscopy is the best means of making the diagnosis. Surgical intervention has been the therapy of choice in most reported cases. We report a case in which endoscopic Nd:YAG laser photocoagulation was used successfully in the management of this lesion.
Partial Smoothness, Tilt Stability, and Generalized Hessians

We compare two recent variational-analytic approaches to second-order conditions and sensitivity analysis for nonsmooth optimization. We describe a broad setting where computing the generalized Hessian of Mordukhovich is easy. In this setting, the idea of tilt stability introduced by Poliquin and Rockafellar is equivalent to a classical smooth second-order condition.
Generalized protein tertiary structure recognition using associative memory Hamiltonians.

Abstract In previous papers, a method of protein tertiary structure recognition was described based on the construction of an associative memory Hamiltonian, which encoded the amino acid sequence and the Cα co-ordinates of a set of database proteins. Using molecular dynamics with simulated annealing, the ability of the Hamiltonian to successfully recall the structure of a protein in the memory database was successfully demonstrated, as long as the total number of database proteins did not exceed a characteristic value, called the capacity of the Hamiltonian, equal to 0·5N to 0·7N, where N is the number of amino acid residues in the protein to be recalled. In this paper, we describe the development of additional methods to increase the capacity of the Hamiltonian, including use of a more complete representation of the protein backbone and the incorporation of contextual information into the Hamiltonian through the use of secondary structure prediction. In addition, we further extend the ability of associative memory models to predict the tertiary structures of proteins not present in the protein data set, by making the Hamiltonian invariant with respect to biological symmetries that represent site mutations and insertions and deletions. The ability of the Hamiltonian to generalize from homologous proteins to an unknown protein in the presence of other unrelated proteins in the data set is demonstrated.
Ambulatory Microsurgery for Ruptured Lumbar Discs: Report of Ten Cases

Advances in microsurgical techniques combined with a widening interest in same-day surgery led us to investigate ambulatory lumbar discectomy. We could find no precedent in the literature. Ten patients with classic ruptured lumbar discs confirmed by computed tomography chose to participate. They were aged 31 to 51, seven men and three women, in excellent general health. A microsurgical approach through a 25-mm skin incision was performed. The technique emphasized removal of sufficient medial facet to allow excision of the disc with minimal or no root retraction. Once awake in the recovery room, patients were transferred to a separate ambulatory step-down unit. They were discharged only after they had voided, ambulated, taken oral nourishment, and been examined by the surgeon. A visiting nurse checked the patient at home the evening of operation and the next day. All returned to their usual occupation between 3 and 14 days postoperatively. All were satisfied and would choose the outpatient program again. Our experience indicates that ambulatory lumbar microdiscectomy can be a safe, effective option for selected patients.
Molecular classification of breast cancer: implications for selection of adjuvant chemotherapy

Adjuvant chemotherapy improves survival of patients with stage I-III breast cancer but it is being increasingly recognized that the benefit is not equal for all patients. Molecular characteristics of the cancer affect sensitivity to chemotherapy. In general, estrogen-receptor-negative disease is more sensitive to chemotherapy than estrogren-receptor-positive disease. Large-scale genomic analyses of breast cancer suggest that further molecular subsets may exist within the categories defined by hormone receptor status. It is hoped that the new molecular classification schemes might improve patient selection for therapy. Before any new molecular classification (or predictive test) is adopted for routine clinical use, however, several criteria need to be met. There must be an agreed and reproducible method by which to assign molecular class to a new case. Cancers that belong to different molecular classes must show differences in disease outcome and treatment efficacy that affect management and treatment selection. Also desirable are results from prospective clinical trials that demonstrate improved patient outcome when the new test is used in decision-making, compared with the current standard of care. This Review describes the current limitations and future promises of gene-expression-based molecular classification of breast cancer and how it might impact on selection of adjuvant therapy for individual patients.
Multiple-unit activity of the rabbit cerebral cortex during stimulus generalization of avoidance behavior

Multiple-unit neuronal activity was recorded from three “nonspecific” polysensory regions of the cerebral cortex of rabbit during a test for stimulus generalization of an avoidance CR. Behavioral and cortical data obtained during the acquisition of the CR were reported in a previous paper. These data showed acquisition and maintenance of cortical multiple-unit responses in two of the three cortical areas, paralleling acquisition and maintenance of the CR. The present results show significant behavioral gradients of stimulus generalization to manipulation of frequency of the tonal CS used in conditioning. In addition, significant generalization gradients based upon cortical multiple-unit responses to the CS and test stimuli were obtained from one of the two cortical areas showing an acquisition effect. The peaks of behavioral and cortical gradients were invariably associated with the CS frequency in different groups of rabbits trained with different CS frequencies. Thus, a “prewiring” interpretation of the tonal effects was ruled out. Our data indicate that the two characteristics of acquired stimulus control (acquisition and stimulus specificity) commonly observed for behavioral conditioned responses can be demonstrated using neuronal responses of the CNS. Further, such effects appear to occur within limited regions of the brain.
The role of acoustic properties in designs of acoustic and optical fibers

Abstract Spatial distribution profiles of leaky surface acoustic wave velocity ν LSAW and attenuation α LSAW across the diameters of clad fibers made of pure or doped fused silica glasses are presented. The profiles are obtained by using a V(x,z) analysis with a reflection scanning acoustic microscope operated at 775 MHz, and are compared with optical refractive index profiles. The V(x,z) plane is defined by continuous recording to V(z) curves while scanning an arbitrary x axis along the surface of the sample. Optical fibers of different dopants and dopant concentrations have been investigated. It is demonstrated that the ν LSAW profile across the fiber diameter can be used as an alternative for those of bulk longitudinal and shear wave velocities. The role of such acoustic profiles across the core and cladding regions in characterizing several optical fiber devices is outlined. Acoustic fibers have become very attractive candidates for integrated acoustic components owing to the recent advent of long length single crystal LiNbO 3 fibers. The acoustic characterization of doped LiNbO 3 single crystals is illustrated.
Mafic silicates in the Orgueil carbonaceous meteorite

Iron-bearing olivines and pyroxenes occurring in Orgueil may represent a separate population distinct from the magnesian varieties previously reported. Compositions of these iron-bearing silicates are inconsistent with an origin by direct equilibrium condensation in the nebula. Such an origin is more plausible for the magnesian silicates, but lacks conclusive evidence. An extra-solar system origin for either mafic population is possible, though similarly lacking in evidence. About 15% of the olivines, randomly distributed with respect to iron content, retain particle track evidence of a precompaction irradiation.
Spread too thin: analyzing the effectiveness of the Chicago camera network on crime

The use of surveillance cameras is growing tremendously in the USA. In this paper, researchers evaluate two studies that analyzed the effectiveness of Chicago’s camera network in reducing crime. Chicago has one of the largest urban surveillance networks, with over a 1000 cameras. The analysis found the initial crime level of an area where a camera was placed had a significant effect. In areas with high crime, cameras were very effective in reducing crime. In other areas, the cameras had little effect in reducing crime. This exploratory research suggests fewer cameras in crime hotspots are much more effective than a wide diffuse camera dragnet.
The Notion of Proof in the Context of Elementary School Mathematics

Despite increased appreciation of the role of proof in students’ mathematical experiences across all grades, little research has focused on the issue of understanding and characterizing the notion of proof at the elementary school level. This paper takes a step toward addressing this limitation, by examining the characteristics of four major features of any given argument – foundation, formulation, representation, and social dimension – so that the argument could count as proof at the elementary school level. My examination is situated in an episode from a third-grade class, which presents a student’s argument that could potentially count as proof. In order to examine the extent to which this argument could count as proof (given its four major elements), I develop and use a theoretical framework that is comprised of two principles for conceptualizing the notion of proof in school mathematics: (1) The intellectual-honesty principle, which states that the notion of proof in school mathematics should be conceptualized so that it is, at once, honest to mathematics as a discipline and honoring of students as mathematical learners; and (2) The continuum principle, which states that there should be continuity in how the notion of proof is conceptualized in different grade levels so that students’ experiences with proof in school have coherence. The two principles offer the basis for certain judgments about whether the particular argument in the episode could count as proof. Also, they support more broadly ideas for a possible conceptualization of the notion of proof in the elementary grades.
Giving cosmic redshift drift a whirl

Abstract Redshift drift provides a direct kinematic measurement of cosmic acceleration but it occurs with a characteristic time scale of a Hubble time. Thus redshift observations with a challenging precision of 10 - 9 require a 10 year time span to obtain a signal-to-noise of 1. We discuss theoretical and experimental approaches to address this challenge, potentially requiring less observer time and having greater immunity to common systematics. On the theoretical side we explore allowing the universe, rather than the observer, to provide long time spans; speculative methods include radial baryon acoustic oscillations, cosmic pulsars, and strongly lensed quasars. On the experimental side, we explore beating down the redshift precision using differential interferometric techniques, including externally dispersed interferometers and spatial heterodyne spectroscopy. Low-redshift emission line galaxies are identified as having high cosmology leverage and systematics control, with an 8 h exposure on a 10-m telescope (1000 h of exposure on a 40-m telescope) potentially capable of measuring the redshift of a galaxy to a precision of 10 - 8 (few × 10 - 10 ). Low-redshift redshift drift also has very strong complementarity with cosmic microwave background measurements, with the combination achieving a dark energy figure of merit of nearly 300 (1400) for 5% (1%) precision on drift.
Hemodynamics of canine corpora cavernosa during erection

Being able to induce erection by electrical stimulation of the cavernous nerves, we studied the hemodynamics of canine penile erection. Simultaneous recording of flow and pressure of the internal pudendal artery as well as pressure within the corpus cavernosum clearly demonstrated that increase of arterial flow preceded corporeal pressure increase. When saline was infused directly into the corpus cavernosum, with the aorta clamped, decreasing venous flow during erection could be demonstrated. Tumescence of the corpus cavernosum was found to be a result of active relaxation of sinusoidal spaces, active arteriolar dilatation, and active venous constriction. At full erection, there was still flow into and out of the corpus cavernosum, although it was reduced to only a fraction of a milliliter per minute.
Antigenic homology of feline and human β-hexosaminidase

Abstract The immunological characteristics of feline β-hexosaminidase ( β- d -N- acetylglucosaminidase , EC 3.2.1.30) isozymes, Hex A and Hex B, were studied. Immunization of rabbits and goats with either cat Hex A or Hex B produced antibodies which reacted with a common antigenic marker shared by both Hex A and Hex B. With properly absorbed antisera, a unique antigenic marker was demonstrated on cat Hex A, but not on Hex B. This antigenic profile is comparable to that of the human β-hexosaminidase isozymes, in which both Hex A and Hex B share the antigenic determinant, β, while only Hex A possesses the antigenic determinant, α. No cross-reactivity between the two species could be demonstrated using goat or rabbit antisera to either feline or human β-hexosaminidase. These immunological data validate feline Gm 2 gangliosidosis as a model for human Gm 2 gangliosidosis type II, and facilitate the investigation of enzyme replacement therapy.
Drivers for public sector contests

This study investigates the use of technology-enabled open innovation practices in public sector agencies. It draws on theories from the corporate sector and empirical data collected from government agencies in the U.S. federal government. Based on preliminary insights from public managers responsible for the design of challenges and prizes as an innovative form of open innovation we derive an open innovation research framework. The main factors influencing the decision to adopt an open innovation approach in the public sector include organizational, project, and individual level factors.
Fever in the Returning Traveler

Fever in ill travelers returning home from developing nations is common. Most travelers present with undifferentiated febrile syndromes. Regional proportionate morbidity rates and patients' travel histories are essential in narrowing the differential diagnosis. Most patients in whom a diagnosis is confirmed have malaria, dengue fever, enteric fever, or rickettsial disease. Empiric treatment based on the clinical presentation is required in many cases, because acquisition of confirmatory laboratory data is often delayed. The focus of this article is travel-related illness that falls within the spectrum of the acute febrile syndrome.
Accumulation and Recovery of Disorder in Au2+-Irradiated Cd2Nb2O7

Abstract Cadmium niobate pyrochlore (Cd2Nb2O7) single crystals have been irradiated at 150, 300, 450 and 600 K using 1.0 MeV Au2+ ions over fluences ranging from 0.01 to 3.5 ions/nm2. The relative disorder on the Cd sublattice in the as-irradiated Cd2Nb2O7 has been analyzed based on in situ 3.0 MeV He+ Rutherford backscattering spectrometry along the 〈1 0 0〉-axial channeling direction. The results show that the crystal can be readily amorphized under the Au2+ irradiation at or below 450 K; however, the relative Cd disorder tends to saturate at 600 K, and full amorphization does not occur at doses up to 5 dpa. Isochronal annealing (20 min) also has been performed at temperatures from 180 to 295 K for samples irradiated at 150 K. Thermal recovery of the disorder has been observed below room temperature.
Symposium on Distributed Simulation for Military Training of Teams/Groups: MDT2 System Assessment and Effectiveness

This presentation describes the rationale and method for assessing “subjective” reactions of training network users – players and observer/controllers. Subjective assessment about team/group training is as important as the objective measures described in the prior presentation. It is critical that players and exercise controllers view the experience as useful and effective. It is equally critical to pay attention to their ideas for product improvement. MDT2 participants reacted very favorably to the training. They offered many constructive ideas for improving training management, exercise design, and tactical realism. Key findings are summarized in the paper. In addition, the potential applications of this technology to non-Defense needs are addressed: fire fighting and emergency management.
A pair of putative protein kinase genes (YPK1 and YPK2) is required for cell growth in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Probes derived from cDNAs encoding isozymes of rat protein kinase C (PKC) were used to screen the genome of the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We reported previously the isolation of the yeast PKC1 gene, a homolog of the α, β, and γ subspecies of mammalian PKC. Here we report the isolation and genetic characterization of a pair of previously described genes (YPK1 and YPK2) which are predicted to encode protein kinases that share 90% amino acid identity with each other and 44–46% identity with various isozymes of PKC throughout their putative catalytic domains. Deletion of YPK2 resulted in no apparent phenotypic defect, but loss of YPK1 resulted in slow growth. Cells deleted for both YPK1 and YPK2 were defective in vegetative growth, indicating that the protein kinases predicted to be encoded by these genes are functionally overlapping and play an essential role in the proliferation of yeast cells. The YPK1 gene was mapped to the left arm of chromosome XI and YPK2 was mapped to the right arm of chromosome XIII.
Brief report: Two case studies using virtual reality as a learning tool for autistic children

The children complied with most requests. Some of our teaching goals were limited by technology or space while others were limited by the difficulty of presenting a task to the children in a way that was understandable within their environment. However, the opportunity to introduce this technology to children was an important first step in exploring the potential VR offers to understanding the perceptual processes involved in autism. Our results indicate that the children will accept a VR helmet and wear it, identify familiar objects and qualities of these objects in their environment while using the helmet, and locate and move toward objects in their environment while wearing the helmet. More research is necessary to verify the potential in this area, especially to discover if learning experiences through VR generalize to other environments, but it appears virtual reality may provide a useful tool for furthering our understanding of autism and guiding efforts at treatment and intervention.
Six Degrees of Bertrand Russell

C:\Users\Milt\Desktop\backup copy of Ken's G\WPData\TYPE3001\russell 30,1 032 red corrected.wpd 1 Just what exactly “separated by degree” means is a bone of contention among those playing the game. But it seems to me that if you have actually met a person Xz, then you have knowledge by acquaintance of X, whereas if you meet someone who met Xz you are separated from Xz by one degree. Thus, I never met the jazz great Sun Ra, but my friend Warren Allen Smith (former head of a recording studio) worked with him on several of his albums, so I am one degree of separation from Sun Ra.
SUPPORTING ECONOMIC REFORM OF THE CHINESE PETROLEUM INDUSTRY: A DYNAMIC DECISION MAKING MODEL

ABSTRACT This paper introduces a dynamic decision making model of China's petroleum Industry. The Chinese economy has experienced a series of economic reforms, in which China's petroleum industry has participated to a marked degree. The paper compares China's previous planned economy with the current Chinese style market economy. By analyzing the structure and operation of the market economy, the paper develops the-dynamic decision making model.—This model can-caffy-But-risk-analyses-of-the economic evaluation in petroleum development programs, and optimization and coordination of various measures for enhancing production. These analyses not only aid enterprises in identifying the best investment plan for developing China's petroleum industry, but also increase productivity and profit of China's oil fields.
Negative emotionality and relationships with God among religious Jewish Holocaust survivors

For those who believe in God, tragedy and misfortune often raise internal emotional and religious dissonance. Regardless of one's theological stance, emotional reactions to the Holocaust can be expected to elicit negative feelings towards God, resembling the reactions one would experience towards parents or caretakers who perpetrate or facilitate aggression. Coining the term “theistic object relations” to reflect the maturity level of relationship with God, it is posited that it is predicated on a safe and nurturing environment – paralleling the maturational development of healthy interpersonal interactions. In this context, survivors’ reactions are elaborated using the lens of parental abuse and neglect. Individual beliefs about God's role, while affecting the options for cognitive rationalisations among victims, are posited to have only minimal relevance to the expected negative emotionality. Variations in such reactions are explored from a psychoanalytic perspective within the intersectional context of...
Magnetohydrodynamic effects of current profile control in reversed field pinches

Linear and non-linear MHD computations are used to investigate reversed field pinch configurations with magnetic fluctuations reduced through current profile control. Simulations with reduced ohmic drive and moderate auxiliary current drive, represented generically with an electron force term, applied locally in radius near the plasma edge show magnetic fluctuation energies that are orders of magnitude smaller than those in simulations without profile control. The core of the improved configurations has reduced magnetic shear and closed flux surfaces in some cases, and reversal is sustained through the auxiliary current drive. Modes resonant near the edge may become unstable with auxiliary drive, but their saturation levels can be controlled. The space of auxiliary drive parameters is explored, and the ill effects of deviating far from optimal conditions is demonstrated in non-linear simulations.
A review of the prevalence of temporomandibular dysfunction.

The prevalence of five representative signs and symptoms of temporomandibular pain and dysfunction were evaluated with respect to the age of several different populations. For each of the five signs and symptoms (mouth opening, joint noises, presence of degenerative joint disease, subjectively reported symptoms, and pain on function) no increase was found in the older age group over the middle-age group. In one category (joint sounds), the prevalence decreased in the older age group when compared to the middle-age group. When asked by questionnaire if there was pain on function, the oldest age groups had the lowest proportion of positive responses. As a result of this information it is suggested that the prevalence of temporomandibular disorders diminishes in the elderly population, although not as much as the very few numbers of elderly actually seeking treatment for this disease would suggest.
Dual-beam laser welding of ultra-thin AA 5052-H19 aluminum

Welding of 0.05 mm (0.002 inch) thin AA 5052-H19 aluminum samples in lap-joint configuration was conducted autogenously (no filler metal) using dual lasers that included Nd:YAG and diode with a zero inter-beam spacing. The 70-ns pulsed Nd:YAG (1064 nm) laser acted as the welding tool while the continuous wave diode (810 nm) laser with interaction times of 40–120 ms served to improve the light absorption characteristics of aluminum through preheating and oxidation effects. The microstructure, composition, flaws, and hardness of the joint were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, X-ray diffraction, and micro-indentation hardness test. The dual-beam welding technique was also compared with single-beam (Nd:YAG) welding. Results of parametric effects are displayed in the form of processing maps. Deeper penetration, better weld quality (less humping and cutting), and increased hardness were observed in dual-beam welds when compared with single-beam welds. The most astounding result was a nearly 200% increase in hardness over the base metal in dual-beam welding. This can be explained by the oxygen pickup in a dual-beam weld due to longer heating and amorphous microstructure of aluminum oxide as revealed by energy dispersive X-ray spectrum and X-ray diffraction respectively.
CONTRASTING STOMATAL RESPONSES TO VARIABLE SUNLIGHT IN TWO SUBALPINE HERBS.

Gas exchange was measured in two subalpine herbs during alternating periods of sun and shade that simulated natural cloud patterns. Stomatal conductance (g) in the subalpine herb Helianthella quinquenervis was reduced by as much as 75% during 5-min shade periods that ranged in photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) from 100 to 1,100 μmol m-2 sec-1 . In contrast, responses in g in another herb, Frasera speciosa, to fluctuations in sunlight were small, apparently due to slower stomatal responses. Based on an earlier hypothesis that water stress may strongly influence nonsteady state gas exchange responses to fluctuations in PPFD, net photosynthesis and g were measured in these herbs as seasonal water stress increased and compared with responses in irrigated plants. Stomatal conductance was relatively unresponsive to changes in PPFD in F. speciosa regardless of water stress. In contrast, substantial decreases in g occurred for H. quinquenervis during shade only when this species experienced water stress later in the season. Little response in g was measured early in the season or in irrigated plants. The seasonal shift in nonsteady state responses in H. quinquenervis from little response in g to shade when plants were nonstressed to more rapid reductions in g as water stress increased would maximize carbon gain early in the season when soil water was abundant while conserving water during periods of soil drought.
Perceived exertion and training load during self-selected and imposed-intensity resistance exercise in untrained women.

Focht, B.C. Perceived exertion and training load during self-selected and imposed-intensity resistance exercise in untrained women. J. Strength Cond. Res. 21(1):183-187. 2007.- The purpose of the present study was to examine differences in ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) and the weight lifted (training load) during self-selected and imposed-intensity bouts of acute resistance exercise (RE). Nineteen untrained college-aged women completed 2 bouts of acute resistance exercise. During 1 session, 3 sets of 4 exercises were performed using a training load of 75% of 1 repetition maximum. Conversely, during the other session, each set and exercise were completed using a self-selected training load. Assessments of RPE and training load were obtained following each set during both imposed-intensity and self-selected-intensity sessions. Results of 2 (intensity) × 3 (set) repeated measures multivariate analyses of variance revealed that, when compared to self-selected RE, RPE and resistance used were significantly higher and the number of repetitions completed per set was significantly lower during imposed-intensity RE. These findings demonstrate that the training load and perceptions of effort elicited during conventional RE prescriptions differ from the level of exertion untrained women self-select. Additionally, it appears that untrained women may not self-select a relative intensity sufficient to stimulate meaningful improvements in muscular hypertrophy or strength. The implications of these findings for the adoption and maintenance of resistance exercise participation are discussed.
Salt-free Miso Fermentation Using Ethanol, Sugars, and Polyols

: Steam-cooked soybeans mixed with rice koji (2:1, w/w) were ground into a fine paste, combined with NaCl or sucrose, and supplemented with ethanol for miso fermentation at 28 °C for 8 wk. In products containing the same concentrations of NaCl and sucrose, proteolytic activities decreased with an increase in ethanol concentration. At the same level of ethanol (7.5% or 15%), protein hydrolysis was highest in products containing 12.5% sucrose and 0% NaCl and lowest in products containing 0% sucrose and 12.5% NaCl. NaCl enhanced and sucrose reduced the effects of ethanol on inhibition of koji proteases. A salt-free fermentation was achieved using 15% ethanol and 12.5% sucrose. When sucrose (12.5%) was substituted by glucose, fructose, sorbitol, or glycerol and supplemented with 15% ethanol, prevention of protease inactivation by ethanol was similar to that with sucrose.
Shock tube determination of the rate coefficient for the reaction N2+O→NO+N

The rate coefficient for the reaction N 2 + O → k 1 NO + N has been measured in the temperature range 2384–3850 K using a shock tube technique. Test gas mixtures consisting of N2, O2, N2O and Kr were heated by incident shock waves, and the concentration of NO in the post-shock region was monitored using two independent spectroscopic techniques: IR emission at 5.3 μm, and absorption of CO laser radiation at 5.17 μm. The two methods yielded excellent agreement. The importance of interferences from other reactions was minimized by careful tailoring of the test mixture composition, in particular by using N2O rather than O2 as a source of 0 atoms. The rate coefficient k1 was determined by comparing experimental and calculated NO profiles using a computer simulation in which k1 was an adjustable parameter. The results of 20 experiments indicate that k1=1.84×1014 exp (−76,250/RT) cm3/mol×s with an uncertainty of approximately ±35% in the temperature range investigated.
Surgical treatment of colon and rectal cancer

Cancer of the colon and rectum is a significant health problem in the United States and other Western nations. Nearly 50% of the 186,000 patients diagnosed annually with colorectal cancer in the United States eventually die of their disease. The colon is the site of the third highest incidence of new malignancies and is second only to lung cancer in mortality. Because colorectal cancer is frequently preceded by development of a premalignant lesion, an adenomatous polyp, screening modalities have been shown to have significant impact on the incidence of and mortality from this disease. Population screening through digital rectal examination, fecal occult blood testing, and, more recently, endoscopic examination of the large intestine have been shown to significantly reduce the risk for death from colorectal cancer [1,2]. The frequency and selection of screening modalities is an evolving process. Recent trials suggest that all patients older than 50 should undergo screening colonoscopy [1,2]. Clearly, patients who are at higher risk, such as those with a positive family history, should undergo colonoscopic surveillance at regular intervals. Similarly, patients who have been treated for colorectal cancer or a polyp should have regular and frequent surveillance. The polyp–cancer relationship has been well demonstrated for the past 25 years. Although not all polyps become cancers, prophylactic removal of all polyps is felt to be indicated. Moreover, familial adenomatous polyposis, an autosomal dominant condition characterized by diffuse intestinal polyposis, predisposes to colorectal cancer. Left untreated, this condition develops into colorectal cancer in all patients during early adulthood. Early detection and surgical intervention for primary tumors are of the utmost importance. Although endoscopic removal of small polypoid cancers has been advocated, most colorectal carcinomas require surgical resection. The ability to perform en bloc resection with removal of the tumor and adjacent lymph nodebearing areas provides the optimal chance for cure. Resection for cure clearly
Initial results from the High Altitude Observatory white light coronagraph on Skylab - A progress report

Frequent periodic observations by the white-light coronagraph allow an examination of coronal variations over a broad range of temporal scales. Examples of the slowest and most rapid variations are presented. An example of extremely slow coronal variations is the gradual evolution - to a large equatorial streamer - in association with a marked decrease in solar activity, as the total magnetic flux in one hemisphere decreased. Another example is given of a long-lived quasi-stable coronal streamer, apparently associated with a stable filament channel; comparison of this streamer with coronal potential-magnetic-field computations show little correlation. Some results on coronal transients - the most rapid variations observed - are summarized. Characteristic masses and energies involved in mass-ejection transients, their temporal and spatial distributions, their associations with surface phenomena and possible interplanetary signatures, and their role in coronal evolution are briefly noted.
One-dimensional Germanium Nanowires for Future Electronics

Field- and quantum-effect nanoelectronic devices built on one-dimensional (1-D) chemically synthesized nanostructures are likely among those immediate “successors” of the contemporary top–down silicon CMOS technology for future computing, preserving the spirit of Moore’s Law in the post-CMOS era. The nanotechnology-embedded chip technology would emerge in the foreseeable future. However, there exists a large gap between scientific research and semiconductor electronics. Many of the critical issues need to be addressed before nanotechnology becomes truly impacting. Application-driven nanotechnology research becomes more and more important. In this article, with 1-D germanium nanowire as an example, we discuss research efforts at NASA Ames Center for Nanotechnology in directing nanomaterial synthesis and device integration towards implementation in the next-generation miniaturized and intelligent chip systems. The technology goals include (i) low-temperature, low-defect, high-yield Ge nanowire synthesis, (ii) self-assembly of Ge nanowires-on-insulator (GeNOI), (iii) non-contaminating metal catalysts, and (iv) Ge quantum-wire synthesis. The potential applications of 1-D Ge nanowires are very low power, high performance logic FETs that deeply extend CMOS scaling into nanometer regime and extremely low power, fast speed, room-temperature-operating quantum-wire computing.