cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of Airfoil Characteristics on Aircraft Performance

Even with all of the advances in airfoil and aircraft design, there remains little guidance on how to tailor an airfoil to suit a particular aircraft. A two-pronged approach is presented to tailor an airfoil for an aircraft: 1) an approach in which aircraft performance simulations are used to study the effects of airfoil changes and to guide the airfoil design and 2) an analytical approach to determine expressions that provide guidance in sizing and locating the airfoil low-drag range. The analytical study shows that there is an ideal value for the lift coefficient for the lower corner of the airfoil low-drag range when the airfoil is tailored for aircraft level-flight maximum speed. Likewise, there is an ideal value for the lift coefficient for the upper corner of the low-drag range when the airfoil is tailored for maximizing the aircraft range. These ideal locations are functions of the amount of laminar flow on the upper and lower surfaces of the airfoil and also depend on the geometry, drag, and power characteristics of the aircraft. Comparison of the results from the two approaches for a hypothetical general aviation aircraft are presented to validate the expressions derived in the analytical approach
Gap or Overlap? Parent-Child Acculturation Differences in Mexican Immigrant Families

This study explored acculturation differences between Mexican immigrant parents and children and effects on parent-child relationships, using modified analytic inductive analysis of semi-structured...
The Electrical Charge of Bacteriophage.

1. Two types of cataphoresis apparatus for determining, under aseptic conditions, the charge carried by biologically active substances, such as Bacteriophage are described. One cell depends upon the electrophoresis of particles into agar and their subsequent re-suspension in a fluid medium for testing purposes. This cell has certain advantages when employed in connection with agents of small dimensions ordinarily inactivated by prolonged exposure to required test conditions. 2. Several separate races of anti-coli Bacteriophage have been found to bear a negative charge within a range of H-ion concentrations from pH. 9.0 to pH. 3.4. At pH. 3.35 and below, the lytic particles migrate through agar to the cathode. It is likely that the reversal in direction of migration is due to the assumption of a positive charge by the Bacteriophage corpuscle.
A developmental approach to the interactive process in dance/movement therapy

This paper applies a child development framework to the interactive process in dance therapy. The first section of the paper includes a brief discussion of developmental stages as described by Margaret Mahler and others. The second section involves a more extended description of the attachment and separation process, based on Mahler’s work, with particular attention to the nonverbal cues and body movement dynamics characteristic of each stage. The third section details specific case material taken from dance therapy work with two hospitalized women in their early twenties. The focus is on the quality of specific interactions and movement response patterns emerging in the dance therapy work in relation to the developmental material revealed, and on factors such as degree of ego boundary, use of space, passivity or activity, imitation, touch, friction, and compliance. The final section of the paper describes some of the consequences of such an intensely interactive approach to treatment as is implied in a developmental point of view.
Mands for Verbalization Facilitating the Display of Newly Trained Language in Children

Verbalization rates of three children exhibiting moderate to severe language delays were increased through the systematic use of adults' instructions for verbalizations, models for verbalizations, and contingent positive consequences following utterances. Daily samples of each child's speech were collected during freeplay periods in a classroom for language-deficient preschool children. In a multiple-baseline design across children, teachers prompted language usage and provided materials and services following requests and descriptions. The results of the study showed that children's verbalization rates doubled to tripled from their baseline levels when the intervention was introduced. The subjects' vocabulary and complexity of utterances increased, as indicated by cumulative rates of novel words and novel word combinations. The classroom display of newly trained words and grammatical structures also increased.
Mosquito inoculation: An alternative bioassay for toxins

Mosquitoes were evaluated as a bioassay host for several classes of biological toxins. Mosquitoes were sensitive to snake toxic or neurotoxic phospholipase A2 enzymes (but not to nontoxic phospholipase A2 enzymes), cobrotoxin, saxitoxin, microcystin and the scorpion insect sodium channel toxin. Mosquitoes were not sensitive to ricin, diphtheria toxin, anthrax toxin, botulinum toxin, tetanus toxin, conotoxin G or a scorpion sodium channel toxin toxic to mammals. Specific antisera neutralization tests with mosquitoes gave comparable results to those of a mouse assay. The mosquito is a suitable bioassay animal for many, but not all biological toxins, and offers a safer, more efficient and economical assay than mice.
Perceptions of a short-term medical programme in the Dominican Republic: voices of care recipients

Participation in short-term global health programmes for low-income countries is increasing amongst practising clinicians and trainees from high-income countries. However, few studies explicitly examine the perceptions of programme recipients. In July 2012, we conducted semi-structured interviews with a purposive sample of 47 adults receiving care from Medical Ministry International, an international non-governmental organisation providing short-term medical programmes in the Dominican Republic. Thirty interviews met criteria for inclusion. Transcripts were independently coded using a descriptive approach. After thematic saturation, 20 interviews were included in the final analysis. Nine major themes were identified: misidentification, access, identified needs, social determinants, faith, language, student involvement, areas for improvement and respect. Recipients were reluctant to discuss programme improvement directly and frequently misidentified the researcher as a caregiver, suggesting a need to separate clearly programme evaluation from care provision. They viewed student involvement positively in a setting where supervision is emphasised, suggesting a potential to develop measures of supervision's adequacy. Finally, recipients' perceptions of respect as an important but intangible programme element encourage broadening the ethical discourse around short-term programmes beyond only tangible goods and services. Our findings support the usefulness of qualitative methods for short-term programme evaluation and generate important hypotheses for future research.
Intraoral psoralen ultraviolet A irradiation (PUVA) treatment of refractory oral chronic graft-versus-host disease following allogeneic stem cell transplantation.

Intraoral psoralen ultraviolet A irradiation (PUVA) treatment of refractory oral chronic graft-versus-host disease following allogeneic stem cell transplantation
Effect of new investigational drug taxol on oncolytic activity and stimulation of human lymphocytes

Abstract Taxol is a new antineoplastic agent active in the treatment of drug-refractory ovarian and metastatic breast neoplasms. Extensive investigations have been concerned with the effect of taxol on a variety of tumor cells, but there is virtually no information about its effect on human lymphocytes. Since lymphocytes, especially natural killer (NK) cells, have been recognized to play an important role in the body's defense against tumors, we studied the effect of taxol on the cytotoxicity of naive (unstimulated) peripheral blood mononuclear cells (MNCs) and NK cells as well as on these cells' activation and growth in interleukin-2 (IL-2) cultures. We found that taxol impaired the cytotoxicity of naive MNC and NK cells against the NK-sensitive cell line K-562 and against an ovarian cancer cell line, OV-2774, in a concentration-dependent fashion. The highest impairment was observed after incubation of the effector cells with 10 μg/ml taxol. In addition, taxol also interfered with the induction of lymphokine-activated cytotoxicity and with lymphocyte growth in IL-2 cultures. However, IL-2 preactivated NK cells displayed substantial levels of cytotoxicity even after taxol treatment. These findings, which indicate that treatment with taxol should follow rather than precede immunotherapeutic intervention, may be important in planning combined chemo- and immunotherapy strategies for cancer patients.
A complete statistical analysis of the reaction between OH and CO

Abstract The current investigation is an attempt to provide as complete a statistical-theoretical treatment the title reaction as possible. We have improved the detail of the calculations of Senosiain et al. [Int. J. Chem. Kinet. 35 (9) (2003) 464] and investigated the impact of variational effects and angular momentum conservation on the overall thermal rate constants. Although the magnitude of these effects is not large, they produce different (adjusted) vibrationally adiabatic reaction barriers and energy transfer parameters. More importantly, they result in nearly temperature-independent rate coefficients below 500 K, in good agreement with low temperature experiments. Reaction barriers obtained by fitting experimental data in a broad temperature and pressure range are in excellent agreement with high level electronic structure calculations (well within 1 kcal/mol).
Between the lines: When culture, language and poetry meet in the classroom

Teaching poetry in second language (L2) classrooms raises theoretical and practical questions about how best to treat literature when target language and culture is also being negotiated. Current pedagogy derives from disparate sources, including the experientially-driven practices of individual teachers, the quantitative and qualitative research methodologies of Second Language Acquisition, and the aesthetic, historical, and philosophical traditions of literature and cultural studies. This paper surveys the knowledge base that shapes literature pedagogy, examines the conceptual implications of two common approaches (close reading and genre-based treatments), and argues for new teaching objectives.
Residual stresses in cemented carbides — An overview

Abstract Thermal residual stresses in cemented carbide composites are large, interact with applied stresses, and affect deformation and toughness. Their magnitudes are high (e.g., + 2 GPa for Co and − 0.4 GPa for WC in WC–10 wt.% Co) and their distributions are complex. Magnitudes depend on expansion coefficients, binder content and particle size; distribution depends on particle angularity — wide ranges of local values occur in both phases. The response of WC-based cemented carbides to applied uniaxial compression and tension is profoundly influenced by thermal residual stresses. They account for long-observed non-linearity at very low strains, plasticity-induced relaxation, unusual Poisson's ratio behavior, and changes in density with loading. Mechanical response is also asymmetric and a function of load direction and history. The response to cyclic loading gives insight into the role of thermal residual stresses in the toughness of these materials, known for their high toughness considering their high hardness. Results for WC–Co and WC–Ni systems are presented. These studies substantially depend on the application of neutron diffraction: neutrons facilitate good bulk sampling of the volumetric thermal residual stresses in the presence of heavy elements and the use of in situ measurements; diffraction enables each phase to be monitored independently. Results show a complex plasticity behavior that comprises a primary source of toughening characteristic in cemented carbides. However, it is now clear that assumptions implicit in the application of fracture mechanics to cemented carbides, including far-field linear elasticity and isotropy are not valid. The emergent view of cemented carbide mechanics seems to require a new, non-linear-elastic model of toughness behavior in these materials, both in terms of bulk “continuum” response and response in the presence of defects. Moreover, such models, if they are to provide accuracy, must also take into account the documented anisotropic relaxation and plasticity effects and their sensitivity to load directionality and history.
An up-dated method for determining v̇a/Q̇ inequalities and direct shunt using 02, CO2 and N2

Abstract An attempt was made to determine the contributions of uneven v a /Q distribution and direct shunting to the impairment of gas exchange by alveolar-arterial differences for O 2 , CO 2 and N 2 in five surgical patients anesthetized with halothane in 38% O 2 and N 2 (A-a)D0 2 varied from 122 to 146 mm Hg, (a-A)DN 2 from −3 to 55 mm Hg and (a-A)DCO 2 from 1.5 to 9.5 mm Hg. A lung model was constructed for each patient with one low v a /Q compartment, one high v a /Q compartment and a direct right to left shunt. When the low v a /Q compartment had a value less than 0.10, uneven distribution of ventilation and perfusion was the prime cause of the (A-a)DO 2 . In two patients whose low v a /Q compartments had values greater than O.20 direct right to left shunting was the predominant cause of impaired gas exchange even though ventilation and perfusion were unevenly distributed. In the fifth patient, direct shunting was the sole cause of the (A-a)DO 2 . We suggest the “triple gas difference” as a useful method for separating the effects of v a /Q mismatching from direct shunt.
A Novel Role for the Chemokine Receptor Cxcr4 in Kidney Morphogenesis: An In Vitro Study

The CXCR4 chemokine receptor is involved in hematopoietic stem cell homing, neuronal development, and angiogenesis. We show a significant new role for this receptor in epithelial patterning and renal morphogenesis. This receptor is expressed in the ureteric bud (UB) and the metanephric mesenchyme (MM). Stimulation of Cxcr4 in renal tubular cells leads to activation of multiple signaling pathways and tubulogenesis and cell migration. Knocking down of this receptor in tubular cells leads to cyst formation. Inactivation of this receptor in embryonic kidney explants results in impaired UB branching and mesenchymal tubulogenesis. The data presented here point to its importance in the process of mesenchymal-to-epithelial transitioning (MET), a crucial developmental process in the embryonic kidney. A number of genes important for normal tubulogenesis and MET are decreased upon CXCR4 inactivation. Developmental Dynamics 238:1083–1091, 2009. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Silicified dipterid ferns from the Jurassic of Antarctica

Abstract Petioles with lamina bearing sori have been discovered in silicified blocks collected from early Middle Jurassic rocks in the Queen Alexandra Range of Antarctica. The slightly flattened petioles measure 2.5–4.0 mm in diameter and contain vascular strands arranged in two groups. Exindusiate sori interspersed with paraphyses are randomly arranged on the abaxial surface. Sporangia are stalked and possess a slightly oblique annulus. Spores appear to be monolete. The specimens appear to have their closest affinities with dipterid ferns and represent the first permineralized fern remains recovered from Jurassic sediments in Antarctica.
Influence of Systematic Errors in Reference States on Image Quality and on Stability of Derived Information for dc Optical Imaging.

Optical measurements of tissue can be performed in discrete, time-averaged, and time-varying data collection modes. This information can be evaluated to yield estimates of either absolute optical coefficient values or some relative change in these values compared with a defined state. In the case of time-varying data, additional analysis can be applied to define various dynamic features. Here we have explored the accuracy with which such information can be recovered from dense scattering media using linear perturbation theory, as a function of the accuracy of the reference medium that serves as the initial guess. Within the framework of diffusion theory and a first-order solution, we have observed the following inequality regarding the sensitivity of computed measures to inaccuracy in the reference medium: Absolute measures ≫ relative measures > dynamic measures. In fact, the fidelity of derived dynamic measures was striking; we observed that accurate measures of dynamic behavior could be defined even if the quality of the image data from which these measures were derived was comparatively modest. In other studies we identified inaccuracy in the estimates of the reference detector values, and not to corresponding errors in the image operators, as the primary factor responsible for instability of absolute measures. The significance of these findings for practical imaging studies of tissue is discussed.
OXYGEN POISONING IN COLD BLOODED ANIMALS

1. Exposure of frogs to atmospheres containing approximately 95 per cent of oxygen is without apparent effect on their state of well being, and produces no noticeable changes in the appearance of their web capillaries. 2. Turtles exposed to similar atmospheres are also apparently unaffected unless the oxygen be warmed to mammalian temperature. 3. At this temperature (37.5°C.) the turtles behave like mammals, showing loss of appetite, shortness of breath, death and, at autopsy, hemorrhagic extravasations in the lungs. 4. Young turtles are more resistant (or adaptable) to this change in environment than mature ones.
Purification and some properties of autoprothrombin C.

Methods were developed for the isolation of autoprothrombin C, which is the second enzyme obtained from purified bovine prothrombin. In the presence of lipids and standardized conditions 0.35 μg of the purified autoprothrombin C were sufficient for clotting recalcified plasma in 15 seconds. Some physicochemical properties are as follows: S20, w is 2.27S, the diffusion constant 8.4 × 10−7 cm2/second, and the partial specific volume 0.695. The molecular weight from physicochemical measurements was 21,500. All amino acids were found, but only 1 molecule of methionine. On the basis of amino acid composition the molecular weight was found to be 27,000, giving an average of 24,200 for our two determinations. Prothrombin contains sufficient of each amino acid residue to supply autoprothrombin C and thrombin. Autoprothrombin II, however, has only sufficient amino acids for either autoprothrombin C or thrombin, but not both. The purified autoprothrombin C contained 7% carbohydrate (orcinol) and 3.8% hexosamine. It...
Reactions of charged phenyl radicals with aliphatic amino acids in the gas phase.

Gas-phase reactivity of five differently substituted positively charged phenyl radicals was examined toward six amino acids by using Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR). The reactivity of the radicals studied was determined by the electrophilicity of the radical, which can be characterized by the radical's electron affinity (EA). The larger the electron affinity of the radical, the higher the overall reaction rate. In addition to the expected H-atom abstraction, several unprecedented reaction pathways were observed, including NH2 abstraction, SH abstraction, and SCH3 abstraction. These reaction pathways dominate for the most electrophilic radicals, and they may not follow radical but rather nucleophilic addition−elimination mechanisms. Hydrogen abstraction from glycine was also investigated theoretically. The results indicate that hydrogen abstraction from αC of glycine is both kinetically and thermodynamically favored over the NH2 group. The ordering of transition state e...
Line and circle formation of distributed physical mobile robots

The formation problem of distributed mobile robots was studied in the literature for idealized robots. Idealized robots are able to instantaneously move in any directions, and are equipped with perfect range sensors. In this study, we address the formation problem of distributed mobile robots that are subject to physical constraints. Mobile robots considered in this study have physical dimensions and their motions are governed by physical laws. They are equipped with sonar and infrared range sensors. The formation of lines and circles is investigated in detail. It is demonstrated that line and circle algorithms developed for idealized robots do not work well for physical robots. New line and circle algorithms, with consideration of physical robots and sensors, are presented and validated through extensive simulations. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Improving Clinical Learning Environments for Tomorrow's Physicians

On the basis of site visits that it has conducted for its Clinical Learning Environment Review program, the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education reports finding a generalized lack of resident engagement in systems-based practice.
An effective and mild method for the conversion of oximes to secondary nitro compounds

Abstract A mild and efficient process for the conversion of cyclic ketones to saturated nitro compounds, as outlined below, is described.
The Safety and the Efficacy of Maintenance Therapy of Recombinant Human Erythropoietin in Patients With Renal Insufficiency

Ten anemic predialysis renal patients participated in a study to examine the long-term effects of recombinant human erythropoietin (r-HuEPO) treatment. The drug was initially given intravenously three times a week for 1 to 5 months, then by subcutaneous injections three times each week for 4 to 8 months, and finally by subcutaneous injection once weekly for 3 to 18 months. The duration of follow-up ranged from 11 to 29 months. Anemia was ameliorated in all participants. Mean hematocrit increased from a basal value of 26.8% to 35.1% during the intravenous phase and to 36.7% and 34.6% during the two subcutaneous periods. Mean weekly doses of erythropoietin (EPO) were 276 units/kg during intravenous therapy and 134 and 108 units/kg in the two subcutaneous periods. The differences In the doses were significant only between the intravenous and the two subcutaneous periods. Mean erythrocyte mass increased from a baseline value of 13.6 mL/kg to 20.4 mL/kg 8 months after initiation of treatment. Mean erythrocyte survival half-time was increased from 23 days before to 26 days, 8 months after r-HuEPO treatment, P
Total hyphema evacuation by vitrectomy instrumentation.

We describe our technique for the surgical removal of hyphema using the Ocutome® vitrectomy system and report the results in 12 patients. Blood was removed successfully with just one operation in all 12 eyes. Eleven of the 12 eyes maintained intraocular tension of less than 20 mm Hg. Vision improved in 11 of 12 eyes and six had a vision of 6/18 or better. Permanent vision loss could not be attributed to the operative technique.
Spontaneous Superior Mesenteric Artery Dissection: Report of 2 Patients and Review of Management Recommendations

Spontaneous superior mesenteric artery dissection is rare and presents with variable symptomatology. Optimal treatment depends on the presentation; asymptomatic patients can be managed expectantly. Endoluminal intervention or open reconstruction is warranted in patients with persistent symptoms or intestinal ischemia. As more of these patients are identified with increasing utilization of computed tomography (CT), our understanding of the pathophysiology and best treatment will improve.
Ancestral dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) exposure promotes epigenetic transgenerational inheritance of obesity

Ancestral environmental exposures to a variety of environmental factors and toxicants have been shown to promote the epigenetic transgenerational inheritance of adult onset disease. The present work examined the potential transgenerational actions of the insecticide dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) on obesity and associated disease. Outbred gestating female rats were transiently exposed to a vehicle control or DDT and the F1 generation offspring bred to generate the F2 generation and F2 generation bred to generate the F3 generation. The F1 and F3 generation control and DDT lineage rats were aged and various pathologies investigated. The F3 generation male sperm were collected to investigate methylation between the control and DDT lineage male sperm. The F1 generation offspring (directly exposed as a fetus) derived from the F0 generation exposed gestating female rats were not found to develop obesity. The F1 generation DDT lineage animals did develop kidney disease, prostate disease, ovary disease and tumor development as adults. Interestingly, the F3 generation (great grand-offspring) had over 50% of males and females develop obesity. Several transgenerational diseases previously shown to be associated with metabolic syndrome and obesity were observed in the testis, ovary and kidney. The transgenerational transmission of disease was through both female (egg) and male (sperm) germlines. F3 generation sperm epimutations, differential DNA methylation regions (DMR), induced by DDT were identified. A number of the genes associated with the DMR have previously been shown to be associated with obesity. Observations indicate ancestral exposure to DDT can promote obesity and associated disease transgenerationally. The etiology of disease such as obesity may be in part due to environmentally induced epigenetic transgenerational inheritance.
A new Stelis (Dolichostelis) from northern Colombia (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae): first records for South America and a synopsis of the bee fauna from the Caribbean region of Colombia

The cleptoparasitic anthidiine bee genus Stelis Panzer is primarily Holarctic in distribution, extending as far south as Costa Rica. A new species of Stelis subgenus Dolichostelis Parker and Bohart is described and illustrated based on females collected in dry forests of the Caribbean region of Colombia. Stelis (Dolichostelis) costaricensis Friese is also recorded from dry forests but in western Colombia. These are the first records of the genus, as currently recognized, for South America. An updated key to the species of Dolichostelis and a synopsis of the diversity and biogeography of the bee fauna from the Caribbean region of Colombia are provided. Based on reports from the literature and data from collections, we provide a checklist consisting of 125 species in 48 genera of five families. The complex composition of this bee fauna parallels that of the flora, with taxa having the following origins or distributions: West Indian, North or Central American, Andean, xeric or temperate South American, and N...
Differential post-transcriptional regulation of p21WAF1/Cip1 levels in the developing nervous system following γ-irradiation

Radiation-induced death in the developing brain is p53-dependent. However, genetic studies indicate that the signalling pathways that couple irradiation to p53 expression can vary between different developing neural populations [Herzog et al. (1998) Science, 280, 1089-1091]. Here we establish that signalling downstream of p53 also exhibits brain region-specific differences that are associated with the relative vulnerability of some cell populations to radiation-induced killing in the mouse. Following γ-irradiation, p53 and p21 W A F 1 / c i p 1 , but not Bax, protein levels increased in the developing cerebellum. In contrast, neither p21 W A F 1 / c i p 1 nor Bax protein levels were elevated in the retina following irradiation, despite increased p53 expression. In the retina, p53 expression was associated with cells destined to die, whereas in the cerebellum, p53 was expressed in both radiation-sensitive and radiation-resistant neuroblasts of the external granule cell layer. Although p21 W A F 1 / c i p 1 mRNA was expressed in all p53-positive neuroblasts after irradiation, p21 W A F 1 / c i p 1 protein was only detected in radiation-resistant neuroblasts of the cerebellum. Thus, p 2 1 WAF1/cip1 was subject to post-transcriptional regulation with p21 W A F 1 / c i p 1 protein only accumulating in cells destined to survive irradiation. Nevertheless, p21 W A F 1 / c i p 1 function was not essential for radiation resistance, as postmitotic neuroblasts in the external granule cell layer were spared in p21 W A F 1 / c i p 1 knockout mice.
Water Politics and Political Change in China

Andrew C. Mertha has written an important book, significant because its implications extend well beyond what may appear to be the narrow confines of water politics in China. China’s Water Warriors: Citizen Action and Policy Change has a clear hypothesis germane to critical questions such as: What makes political opposition effective in the People’s Republic of China (PRC) and how is the Chinese policy process, indeed the Chinese polity, changing? Moreover, his well-written and parsimonious book provides a roadmap to the increasingly complex Chinese bureaucracy and politically relevant groups as well as to the issues that animate these actors. Finally, the volume lightly touches on the possible implications of China’s pluralization for the outside world, including the United States. To help us get our intellectual arms around this book, I sequentially examine the following: the genealogy of Mertha’s work, the book’s central hypothesis, and the main findings. I conclude by identifying some of the implications of those findings for international relations and China’s domestic political evolution.
A self-heated first stage breathing regulator for underwater divers

Abstract This article presents a new class of first stage breathing regulators for underwater divers with built-in self-heating capabilities. In this class of regulators, the energy of the high pressure life support gas is used to heat both the inhaled gases and the regulator core in an attempt to combat problems of cold water diving. The thermal characteristics of this regulator are monitored and compared with those of a conventional regulator under different simulated dive temperatures, breathing frequencies and also under free flow conditions. The obtained results show that the self-heated first stage (SHFS) regulator delivered warm gases and performed successfully in zero°C water while the conventional regulator failed even when equipped with the environmental protection kit. This paper emphasizes the potential of the self-heated regulator as an essential part of cold water diving gear.
Awareness of gynecologic surveillance in women from hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer families

Objective To determine knowledge of gynecologic cancer risk and screening in women with HNPCC.
Assessment of Operability of Patients With Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Associated With Congenital Heart Disease

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a common complication of congenital heart disease, and is now predominantly among patients with uncorrected left-to-right shunts. A growing population is characterized by persistent or recurrent PAH after surgical or interventional correction of left-to-right shunts; the latter having a worse prognosis than other forms of PAH associated with congenital heart disease. New treatments for PAH have been shown to be effective in improving PAH exercise capacity and hemodynamics, raising the hope for making previously inoperable congenital heart defects operable and shifting the framework for the assessment of operability. This review focuses on current methods for assessing operability in PAH associated with congenital heart disease, and the possibility of "treat-and-repair" vs. "repair-and-treat" strategies for patients with inoperable or borderline PAH.
"Dives and Paupers": ORTHODOXY AND LIBERALISM

Slater writes about the incunabulum, "Diver and Paupers" (Westminister, 1496) acquired by the Library, which had wide attractiveness for earlier readers.Â A book about the ten commandments, it appealed to both Catholics and Protestants alike.Â This particular copy has interesting marginalia reflecting the opinions of its owners over the centuries.Â The author's orthodoxy never comes seriously into question, but within its context he almost always chooses the gentler path.
Adding a Family Counseling Training Component to a Community Agency Counseling Master's Degree

This article presents an example of the planning and implementation of a program to retrain counselor education faculty members and then to add a family counseling specialty component to a master's degree community agency counseling program. Implications for professional development, credentialing, and improving relationships with agencies and the community are discussed.
Characterization of Vta1p, a Class E Vps Protein in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

We identified VTA1 in a screen for mutations that result in altered vacuole morphology. Deletion of VTA1 resulted in delayed trafficking of the lipophilic dye FM4-64 to the vacuole and altered vacuolar morphology when cells were exposed to the dye 5-(and 6)-carboxy-2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (CDCFDA). Deletion of class E vacuolar protein sorting (VPS) genes, which encode proteins that affect multivesicular body formation, also showed altered vacuolar morphology upon exposure to high concentrations of CDCFDA. These results suggest a VPS defect for Δvta1 cells. Deletion of VTA1 did not affect growth on raffinose and only mildly affected carboxypeptidase S sorting. Turnover of the surface protein Ste3p, the a-factor receptor, was affected in Δvta1 cells with the protein accumulating on the vacuolar membrane. Likewise the α-factor receptor Ste2p accumulated on the vacuolar membrane in Δvta1 cells. We demonstrated that many class E VPS deletion strains are hyper-resistant to the cell wall disruption agent calcofluor white. Deletion of VTA1 or VPS60, another putative class E gene, resulted in calcofluor white hypersensitivity. A Vta1p-green fluorescent protein fusion protein transiently associated with a Pep12p-positive compartment. This localization was altered by deletion of many of the class E VPS genes, indicating that Vta1p binds to endosomes in a manner dependent on the assembly of the endosomal sorting complexes required for transport. Membrane-associated Vta1p co-purified with Vps60p, suggesting that Vta1p is a class E Vps protein that interacts with Vps60p on a prevacuolar compartment.
Protein Oligomerization Through Domain Swapping: Role of Inter-molecular Interactions and Protein Concentration

Domain swapping has been shown to be an important mechanism controlling multiprotein assembly and has been suggested recently as a possible mechanism underlying protein aggregation. Understanding oligomerization via domain swapping is therefore of theoretical and practical importance. By using a symmetrized structure-based (Gō) model, we demonstrate that in the free-energy landscape of domain swapping, a large free-energy barrier separates monomeric and domain-swapped dimeric configurations. We investigate the effect of finite monomer concentration, by implementing a new semi-analytical method, which involves computing the second virial coefficient, a thermodynamic indicator of inter-molecular interactions. This method, together with the symmetrized structure-based (Gō) model, minimizes the need for expensive many-protein simulations, providing a convenient framework to investigate concentration effect. Finally, we perform direct simulations of domain-swapped trimer formation, showing that this modeling approach can be used for higher-order oligomers.
2-Chlorodeoxyadenosine (2-CdA): A Potent Chemotherapeutic and Immunosuppressive Nucleoside.

Hereditary adenosine deaminase deficiency results in failure of the lymphocyte development. This occurs because of the accumulation of deoxyadenine nucleotides in cells with high deoxycytidine kinase and low 5′-nucleotidase activity. 2-Chlorodeoxyadenosine (2-CdA) resists the action of adenosine deaminase and accumulates in cells with high deoxycytidine kinase and low 5′-nucleotidase activity. It is equally toxic to dividing and nondividing cells and may act by preventing repair of DNA single-strand breaks.In doses of 0.1 mg/kg/day given for seven days 2-CdA manifests low toxicity. It has been found to be effective in the treatment of patients with lymphoid neoplasms, including advanced cutaneous T-cell lymphomas, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, non-Hodgkin lymphomas, and hairy cell leukemia. In the latter disorder it appears to be as or more effective than the tight-binding adenosine deaminase inhibitor, deoxycoformycin, and is probably less toxic. 2-CdA also appears to be effective in controlling autoimmu...
How Corporations Overcome Issue Illegitimacy and Issue Equivocality to Address Social Welfare: The Role of the Social Change Agent

While corporations are increasingly being called on to improve social welfare, researchers have primarily focused their efforts on the role of external pressures and top managers in shaping a corporation’s engagement with social issues. As an alternative, I consider the role of social change agents who work within corporations and direct their firms to address a social issue. I suggest two issue impediments obstructing these efforts—issue illegitimacy and issue equivocality—that are shaped by economic philosophies, institutional fields, firm missions, and social change agent beliefs. These impediments ground four types of issues that social change agents attempt to advance: convertible, blurry, safe, and risky. I propose meaning-making tactics best suited to address the type of social issue individuals seek to advance inside a firm: framing, labeling, maintaining, and importing. I argue that by matching the issue type and meaning-making tactic, social change agents will more likely influence top managers ...
Hewlett Packard's inkjet MEMS technology: past, present, and future

In 1985, HP introduced the ThinkJet - the first low-cost, mass-produced thermal inkjet printer. Providing a reasonable alternative to noisy dot matrix printers, ThinkJet set the stage for subsequent generations of HP thermal inkjet technology (TIJ). With each new generation, HP TIJ products provided new standards for print quality, color, and an unprecedented cost/performance ratio. Regarded as the first and most successful commercial MEMS technology, the development of HP's TIJ printheads required multidisciplinary innovation in fluid dynamics, bulk and surface micromachining, large-scale integration of electronics, packaging, and high volume MEMS manufacturing. HP's current TIJ printhead products combine Pentium-class addressing circuitry, high voltage mixed-signal driver electronics, dense electrical interconnects, and up to 3900 high-precision microfluidic devices - all on a single silicon chip. In this paper, we will provide a brief history of HP's TIJ technology and discuss how the unique capabilities that were required to advance the state-of-the-art of TIJ printheads are now providing a platform for the development of new MEMS devices and systems.
Effect of Repeated Arthrocentesis on Cytologic Analysis of Synovial Fluid in Dogs

Background: Serial arthrocentesis and synovial fluid examination can be used to monitor treatment efficacy in immune-mediated polyarthritis (IMPA), but whether this procedure induces inflammation that interferes with test result interpretation is unknown. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of repeated arthrocentesis on synovial fluid cytology in healthy dogs. Animals: Nine healthy client-owned dogs. Methods: Prospective study. Arthrocentesis was performed under sedation on 4 joints (both carpi, 1 tarsus, 1 stifle) on each dog every 3 weeks, a total of 4 times. Automated cell counts were done on stifle fluid, smears were made, and differential cell counts done on smears from all joints. Slides were evaluated microscopically for erythrocyte numbers, total nucleated cell count, differential cell count, and cell morphology. Data were analyzed by 2-way analysis of variance. Results: A total of 144 synovial fluid samples were examined. Repeated arthrocentesis was not associated with increases in synovial fluid neutrophil numbers. Mild mononuclear inflammation was detected in 13 samples from 6 dogs. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Serial arthrocentesis at 3-week intervals can rarely be associated with mild mononuclear joint inflammation, but does not appear to induce neutrophilic inflammation, at least in healthy dogs, and can be useful to monitor treatment response in canine IMPA.
Technique and use of “corrected-axis” tomograms of the mandibular condyles

In diagnosing and treating temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunctions, the oral and maxillofacial surgeon can use the radiographic technique of "corrected-axis" lateral tomography of the mandibular condyles. The theory, technique, and equipment necessary for making "corrected-axis" lateral tomograms of the mandibular condyles are presented. Once familiar with this technique, the surgeon can educate the radiologist and technician if it is one with which they are unfamiliar.
Targeted advertising, promotion, and price for menthol cigarettes in California high school neighborhoods.

Objectives: To describe advertising, promotions, and pack prices for the leading brands of menthol and nonmenthol cigarettes near California high schools and to examine their associations with school and neighborhood demographics. Methods: In stores (n = 407) within walking distance (0.8 km [1/2 mile]) of California high schools (n = 91), trained observers counted ads for menthol and nonmenthol cigarettes and collected data about promotions and prices for Newport and Marlboro, the leading brand in each category. Multilevel modeling examined the proportion of all cigarette advertising for any menthol brand, the proportion of stores with sales promotions, and the lowest advertised pack price in relation to store types and school/neighborhood demographics. Results: For each 10 percentage point increase in the proportion of Black students, the proportion of menthol advertising increased by 5.9 percentage points (e.g., from an average of 25.7%–31.6%), the odds of a Newport promotion were 50% higher (95% CI = 1.01, 2.22), and the cost of Newport was 12 cents lower (95% CI = −0.18, −0.06). By comparison, the odds of a promotion and the price for Marlboro, the leading brand of nonmenthol cigarettes, were unrelated to any school or neighborhood demographics. Conclusions: In high school neighborhoods, targeted advertising exposes Blacks to more promotions and lower prices for the leading brand of menthol cigarettes. This evidence contradicts the manufacturer’s claims that the availability of its promotions is not based on race/ethnicity. It also highlights the need for tobacco control policies that would limit disparities in exposure to retail marketing for cigarettes.
A multipurpose cordless phone for use in both private and public systems

The high cost of cellular phone purchase and service still prices them out of reach of many consumers. However, the marriage of cordless phone technology to radio pagers offers the promise of a low cost device with much of the functional capability of cellular phones at a fraction of the cost. >
Electrophysiological correlates of default-mode processing in macaque posterior cingulate cortex

During the course of daily activity, our level of engagement with the world varies on a moment-to-moment basis. Although these fluctuations in vigilance have critical consequences for our thoughts and actions, almost nothing is known about the neuronal substrates governing such dynamic variations in task engagement. We investigated the hypothesis that the posterior cingulate cortex (CGp), a region linked to default-mode processing by hemodynamic and metabolic measures, controls such variations. We recorded the activity of single neurons in CGp in 2 macaque monkeys performing simple tasks in which their behavior varied from vigilant to inattentive. We found that firing rates were reliably suppressed during task performance and returned to a higher resting baseline between trials. Importantly, higher firing rates predicted errors and slow behavioral responses, and were also observed during cued rest periods when monkeys were temporarily liberated from exteroceptive vigilance. These patterns of activity were not observed in the lateral intraparietal area, an area linked to the frontoparietal attention network. Our findings provide physiological confirmation that CGp mediates exteroceptive vigilance and are consistent with the idea that CGp is part of the "default network" of brain areas associated with control of task engagement.
ERK mediates inhibition of Na(+)/H(+) exchange and HCO(3)(-) absorption by nerve growth factor in MTAL.

Mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases mediate a variety of critical cellular events, but their role in the regulation of epithelial transport is largely undefined. Recently, we demonstrated that ...
Effects of N-Length Order on Resistance to Extinction in the Rat

Surnrnasy.-Two experiments are reported which suggest that the regular sequencing of N-lengths both within and between daily acquisition sessions may function as a significant determiner of the strength of resistance to extinction. Rats were trained wirh increasing, decreasing, or random N-length sequences either within daily blocks of trials (Exp. I) or across days (Exp. 11). In both experiments increasing K-lengths, e.g., R-N-R-NN-R-NNN-R, produced greater resistance to extinction than decreasing N-lengths, e.g., R-NNN-R-NN-R-N-R. The results were interpreted as more in accord with the frusrration position of Arnsel rather than the sequential-memory view of Capaldi. Jenkins and Stanley (1950) noted in regard to the partial reinforcement extinction effect that among the research studies needed in the area at that time was a systematic investigation ". . . of a progressive increase in frequency of reinforcement from, say, 10% to 100% by steps of 10% and study of the consequences of the reverse sequence" (p. 199). The more recent reviews (Lewis, 1960; Robbins, 1971) did not indicate chat such informarion was available. An extensive search of the literature did not yield any recent evidence concerning the effects of systematic increases or decreases in nonreinforcemenc eirher over days or within daily sessiocs, despire the fact that such information might prove useful in the evaluation of the models designed to account for the extinction effect. Two of the current models designed to account for the partial reinforcement extinction effect are stated explicitly enough to make predictions concerning the effects of manipulating density of nonrewarded trials as described above. Amsel (1958, 1962, 1967) has proposed a frustration model which assumes that nonreward (N) after some unspecified number of rewarded trials (Rs) results in frustration. Disregarding some of the complexities of the model, frustration is assumed to result in a negative drive state which initially interferes with ongoing behavior and later becomes conditioned to rhe instrumental response. The conditioned drive state serves to maintain responding in partially reinforced Ss during extinction. Continuously reinforced Ss who experience frustration for [he first time in exrinction are subject to rhe interfering effects of frustration
ENACTED SENSEMAKING IN CRISIS SITUATIONS[1]

SensertiEiking in crisis conditions is made more difficult because action that is instrumental to understanding the crisis often intensifies the crisis. This dilemma is interpreted from the perspective that people enact the environments which constrain them. It is argued that commitment, capacity, and expectations affect sensemaking during crisis and the severity of the crisis itself. It is proposed that the core concepts of enactment may comprise an ideology that reduces the hkelihood of crisis.