cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sulfated non-anticoagulant low molecular weight heparin in the prevention of cancer and non-cancer associated thrombosis without compromising hemostasis

Abstract Introduction Cancer-associated thrombosis (CAT) accounts for about 20% of all cases of Venous Thromboembolism (VTE). Tissue factor (TF) is documented to be highly expressed on cancer cells and pathological angiogenic endothelial cells. Here, we used a novel oxidized sulfated ultra-LMWH, S-NACH, which is devoid of anti-factor Xa and IIa activities with limited to no systemic anticoagulant effects. This sulfated form has enhanced binding to vascular endothelial cells (EC) and releases and potentiates the action of tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI). S-NACH binds with high affinity to EC, releases and binds to EC TFPI, and promotes vascular antithrombotic effect with limited to no risk of bleeding complications. Materials and methods We investigated the effects of S-NACH on clot kinetics in vitro and in vivo. Also, we investigated the effects of S-NACH on CAT mediated by human acute leukemia cells (K562) and human pancreatic cancer cells (SUIT2). Results S-NACH was associated with ~3-fold increase of TFPI 2 levels within 3 h. Also, S-NACH reversed the hypercoagulability state that is associated with cancer cells in vitro. In vivo, S-NACH at 20 mg/kg subcutaneously (SC) had no effect on bleeding time compared to both tinzaparin and enoxaparin at 5 mg/kg SC. S-NACH did not show any anti-IIa or anti-Xa activities in comparison to tinzaparin and enoxaparin (p Conclusion Data suggest the importance of S-NACH through its EC binding, EC TFPI release and its interaction with TFPI in enhancing its activity in the prevention of cancer and non-cancer associated thrombosis with limited to no bleeding complications.
Use of a Commercially Available Clinical Decision Support Tool to Expedite Prior Authorization in Partnership With a Private Payer

Abstract Purpose The aim of this study was to determine if a clinical decision support (CDS) tool could be used in partnership with a private payer to successfully expedite the prior authorization process for advanced (ie, MRI, CT, PET, nuclear medicine) imaging requests. Methods A single academic institution integrated a commercially available CDS tool utilizing the ACR Appropriateness Criteria into the ordering process for outpatient advanced imaging tests within the electronic health record. Ordering providers could elect to use the CDS tool or ignore the available technology. In partnership with a health care insurance company and a contracted radiology benefits management company, orders deemed as “usually indicated” by the CDS tool underwent expedited prior authorization in a pilot program from June 2018 to October 2019. Results Providers used the CDS tool for 15% (1,453 of 9,640) of outpatient advanced imaging orders. Of these orders with elective CDS scores, 69% (n = 997) qualified for an expedited prior authorization process. Conclusions Under specific circumstances, a commercially available CDS tool was used in partnership with a private payer and a radiology benefits management company to expedite prior authorization of outpatient advanced imaging examination orders deemed likely to be appropriate by multispecialty professional guidelines.
Automated Segmentation of Amyloid-β Stained Whole Slide Images of Brain Tissue

Abstract Neurodegenerative disease pathologies have been reported in both grey matter (GM) and white matter (WM) with different density distributions, an automated separation of GM/WM would be extremely advantageous for aiding in neuropathologic deep phenotyping. Standard segmentation methods typically involve manual annotations, where a trained researcher traces the delineation of GM/WM in ultra-high-resolution Whole Slide Images (WSIs). This method can be time-consuming and subjective, preventing the analysis of large amounts of WSIs at scale. This paper proposes an automated segmentation pipeline combining a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) module for segmenting GM/WM regions and a post-processing module to remove artifacts/residues of tissues as well as generate XML annotations that can be visualized via Aperio ImageScope. First, we investigate two baseline models for medical image segmentation: FCN, and U-Net. Then we propose a patch-based approach, ResNet-Patch, to classify the GM/WM/background regions. In addition, we integrate a Neural Conditional Random Field (NCRF) module, ResNet-NCRF, to model and incorporate the spatial correlations among neighboring patches. Although their mechanisms are greatly different, both U-Net and ResNet-Patch/ResNet-NCRF achieve Intersection over Union (IoU) of more than 90% in GM and more than 80% in WM, while ResNet-Patch achieves 1% superior to U-Net with lower variance among various WSIs. ResNet-NCRF further improves the IoU by 3% for WM compared to ResNet-Patch before post-processing. We also apply gradient-weighted class activation mapping (Grad-CAM) to interpret the segmentation masks and provide relevant explanations and insights.
Automatic referrals within a cystic fibrosis multidisciplinary clinic improve patient evaluation and management.

AUTOMATIC REFERRALS WITHIN A CYSTIC FIBROSIS MULTIDISCIPLINARY CLINIC IMPROVE PATIENT EVALUATION AND MANAGEMENT. Background Cystic fibrosis (CF) affects multiple systems beyond the pulmonary system, including the gastrointestinal and endocrine systems. Many CF clinics focus on pulmonary effects, initiating referrals to other specialties only when a condition has been identified by the primary pulmonary team. Unfortunately, many extrapulmonary manifestations of cystic fibrosis may be overlooked. Thus, implementing a multidisciplinary clinic with automatic referrals to designated subspecialists may improve patient care. Methods This retrospective review of medical records examined the effects of integrating a pediatric endocrinologist into the University of Massachusetts Memorial Medical Center Pediatric CF Clinic in March 2017. In this new CF/Endocrinology clinic, all patients scheduled to see a pulmonologist were automatically referred to pediatric endocrinology. We compared rates of referrals to pediatric endocrinology, oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs), and bone density (DEXA) scans before (2013-2016) and after (2017-2020) implementation of this clinic. We also recorded endocrine disorders being evaluated and/or treated after implementation. Results The rate of referral to pediatric endocrinology increased from before (4%) to after (82%) (p < 0.0001) implementation of the CF/Endocrinology Clinic. OGTT and DEXA scan screening rates also increased from 7% to 65% (p < 0.0001) and from 6% to 63% (p = 0.0011), respectively. Before implementation, patients were evaluated by endocrinology primarily for CF-related diabetes. After implementation, the diversity of endocrine conditions under evaluation and/or management increased substantially; the most common were vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency (37.2% of clinic patients), glycemic dysregulation (36.8%), and poor weight gain/failure to thrive (17.5%). Conclusion Implementing a multidisciplinary CF clinic with automatic referrals to pediatric endocrinology improves patient care by promoting early detection and management of endocrine concerns that may have been overlooked and by increasing OGTT and DEXA screening rates.
Current Coupling Via Electron Emission in Fast and Mesothermal Ion Beams

Ion beam neutralization during operation of ion sources requires current coupling between beam ions and electrons from the neutralizer. The current and charge density equalization during neutralization is accomplished in practice, however, the exact process has not been adequately simulated/understood due to the wide range of conditions. In order to resolve the role of electrons in the beam neutralization process, full particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations are carried out using a high-fidelity electrostatic particle-in-cell code EUPIC1. In this talk we extend our previous work2-6 and present a broader view of ion beam neutralization process by electron emission. We consider an idealized 1 D configuration following a theoretical ion beam model7, where ions and electrons are injected from the same area into vacuum. Charge and current neutralization is assumed to take place at a certain distance downstream of the injection plane. The theoretical model includes dimensionless Beam Kinetic Energy (KEi) normalized by electron thermal energy (kTe) and predicts a dimensionless neutralization distance as a function of beam kinetic energy. Our simulation results demonstrates the current coupling of both fast and mesothermal ion beams as well as neutralization distances.
Anthropomorphic Rock Art Figures in the Middle Mimbres Valley New Mexico

ABSTRACTAnthropomorphic rock art figures occur frequently at rock art sites in the middle Mimbres River Valley of New Mexico. During survey in 1987, 23 sites with rock art were recorded, 11 of which have anthropomorphic figures. Most of these figures can be attributed to the Jornada Style, dated at roughly A.D. 1000–1400. Thes figures range from full-body images to masks. The so-called Tlaloc figures have no counterpart representation on Mimbres Classic Black-on-white pottery vessels, and it is suggested that they and certain other figures might be images involved in ritual efforts to bring rain and, thus, alleviate agricultural stress.
Transformation of the Plastid Genome to Study RNA Editing

In this chapter we provide an overview of cytosine-to-uridine (C-to-U) RNA editing in the plastids of higher plants. Particular emphasis will be placed on the role plastid transformation played in understanding the editing process. We discuss how plastid transformation enabled identification of mRNA cis elements for editing and gave the first insight into the role of editing trans factors. The introduction will be followed by a protocol for plastid transformation, including vector design employed to identify editing cis elements. We also discuss how to test RNA editing in vivo by cDNA sequencing. At the end, we summarize the status of the field and outline future directions.
New Limits on the Couplings of Light Pseudoscalars from Equivalence Principle Experiments

The exchange of light pseudoscalar quanta between fermions leads to long-range spin-dependent forces in order g^2, where g is the pseudoscalar-fermion coupling constant. We demonstrate that laboratory bounds on the Yukawa couplings of pseudoscalars to nucleons can be significantly improved using results from recent equivalence principle experiments, which are sensitive to the spin-independent long-range forces that arise in order g^4 from two-pseudoscalar exchange.
Context-sensitive microlearning of foreign language vocabulary on a mobile device

We explore the use of ubiquitous sensing in the home for contextsensitive microlearning. To assess how users would respond to frequent and brief learning interactions tied to context, a sensor-triggered mobile phone application was developed, with foreign language vocabulary as the learning domain. A married couple used the system in a home environment, during the course of everyday activities, for a four-week study period. Built-in and stick-on multi-modal sensors detected the participants' interactions with hundreds of objects, furniture, and appliances. Sensor activations triggered the audio presentation of English and Spanish phrases associated with object use. Phrases were presented on average 57 times an hour; this intense interaction was found to be acceptable even after extended use. Based on interview feedback, we consider design attributes that may have reduced the interruption burden and helped sustain user interest, and which may be applicable to other context-sensitive, always-on systems.
Arbitrary remote state preparation of photon polarization

We describe the first experimental realization of arbitrary single-qubit remote state preparation. Specifically, a generalized measurement on one photon of a polarization-entangled pair conditionally prepares the remaining photon in an arbitrary desired state.
Cytosolic acidification and intracellular zinc release in hippocampal neurons

In neurons exposed to glutamate, Ca²⁺ influx triggers intracellular Zn²⁺ release via an as yet unclear mechanism. As glutamate induces a Ca²⁺-dependent cytosolic acidification, the present work tested the relationships among intracellular Ca²⁺ concentration ([Ca²⁺](i)), intracellular pH (pH(i) ), and [Zn²⁺](i). Cultured hippocampal neurons were exposed to glutamate and glycine (Glu/Gly), while [Zn²⁺](i), [Ca²⁺](i) and pH(i) were monitored using FluoZin-3, Fura2-FF, and 2',7'-bis-(2-carboxyethyl)-5(6)-carboxyfluorescein, respectively. Glu/Gly applications decreased pH(i) to 6.1 and induced intracellular Zn²⁺ release in a Ca²⁺-dependent manner, as expected. The pH(i) drop reduced the affinity of FluoZin-3 and Fura-2-FF for Zn²⁺. The rate of Glu/Gly-induced [Zn²⁺](i) increase was not correlated with the rate of [Ca²⁺](i) increase. Instead, the extent of [Zn²⁺](i) elevations corresponded well to the rate of pH(i) drop. Namely, [Zn²⁺](i) increased more in more highly acidified neurons. Inhibiting the mechanisms responsible for the Ca²⁺-dependent pH(i) drop (plasmalemmal Ca²⁺ pump and mitochondria) counteracted the Glu/Gly-induced intracellular Zn²⁺ release. Alkaline pH (8.5) suppressed Glu/Gly-induced intracellular Zn²⁺ release whereas acidic pH (6.0) enhanced it. A pH(i) drop to 6.0 (without any Ca²⁺ influx or glutamate receptor activation) led to intracellular Zn²⁺ release; the released Zn²⁺ (free Zn²⁺ plus Zn²⁺) bound to Fura-2FF and FluoZin-3) reached 1 μM.
The p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Mediates Cytoskeletal Remodeling in Pulmonary Microvascular Endothelial Cells Upon Intracellular Adhesion Molecule-1 Ligation

Changes in the cytoskeleton of endothelial cells (ECs) play important roles in mediating neutrophil migration during inflammation. Previous studies demonstrated that neutrophil adherence to TNF-alpha-treated pulmonary microvascular ECs induced cytoskeletal remodeling in ECs that required ICAM-1 ligation and oxidant production and was mimicked by cross-linking ICAM-1. In this study, we examined the role of ICAM-1-induced signaling pathways in mediating actin cytoskeletal remodeling. Cross-linking ICAM-1 induced alterations in ICAM-1 distribution, as well as the filamentous actin rearrangements and stiffening of ECs shown previously. ICAM-1 cross-linking induced phosphorylation of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) that was inhibited by allopurinol and also induced an increase in the activity of the p38 MAPK that was inhibited by SB203580. However, SB203580 had no effect on oxidant production in ECs or ICAM-1 clustering. ICAM-1 cross-linking also induced phosphorylation of heat shock protein 27, an actin-binding protein that may be involved in filamentous actin polymerization. The time course of heat shock protein 27 phosphorylation paralleled that of p38 MAPK phosphorylation and was completely inhibited by SB203580. In addition, SB203580 blocked the EC stiffening response induced by either neutrophil adherence or ICAM-1 cross-linking. Moreover, pretreatment of ECs with SB203580 reduced neutrophil migration toward EC junctions. Taken together, these data demonstrate that activation of p38 MAPK, mediated by xanthine oxidase-generated oxidant production, is required for cytoskeletal remodeling in ECs induced by ICAM-1 cross-linking or neutrophil adherence. These cytoskeletal changes in ECs may in turn modulate neutrophil migration toward EC junctions.
Stratus automated creatine kinase-MB assay evaluated: identification and elimination of falsely increased results associated with a high-molecular-mass form of alkaline phosphatase.

We compared the performance of an automated assay of creatine kinase MB isoenzyme (CK-MB) mass (Stratus) with that of a CK-MB enzymatic assay routinely used at our institutions. Both of these assays use the same CK-MB-specific monoclonal antibody to immunocapture CK-MB, thus providing a direct means of comparing a mass assay with an activity assay. Routine CK-MB measurements for 206 samples within the analytical range of both assays revealed the following relationship: Stratus (micrograms/L) = 0.67 (activity U/L) + 0.18 (r = 0.95, Sx.y = 4.45). The linearity, sensitivity, and precision of the Stratus assay were acceptable for routine clinical use. Icteric, lipemic, and hemolyzed samples do not interfere with the assay. During our evaluation we identified a single, clinically significant false-positive sample. Because this patient had alkaline phosphatase values greater than 1100 U/L, we investigated additional samples with increased activities of alkaline phosphatase and found that samples from 12 of 23 patients selected for alkaline phosphatase values greater than 460 U/L produced falsely increased CK-MB values. We determined that a membrane-associated, high-molecular-mass form of alkaline phosphatase was a cause of these falsely increased values and instituted an approach to identify falsely increased Stratus CK-MB values. Samples from 23 of 1933 patients were falsely increased, the increase being clinically significant in samples from 14 of these patients. Consultation with the manufacturer resulted in the successful reformulation of the substrate/wash solution to minimize interferences from high-molecular-mass forms of alkaline phosphatase.
Imaging findings in infants with recurrent vomiting after pyloromyotomy: a pictorial review

Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (HPS) is a common entity with an incidence of 2-4 per 1000 live births. Current definitive treatment is with pyloromyotomy, which is usually performed laparoscopically. The procedure is generally well tolerated with resolution of the patient's symptoms. In a small percentage of patients, however, there is recurrent vomiting which warrants further investigation. In this pictorial review, the expected post-operative appearance of the pylorus will be described, and the imaging findings and clinical course of two patients with recurrent vomiting after pyloromyotomy will be presented.
Compressive Sensing by Random Convolution

This paper demonstrates that convolution with random waveform followed by random time-domain subsampling is a universally efficient compressive sensing strategy. We show that an $n$-dimensional signal which is $S$-sparse in any fixed orthonormal representation can be recovered from $m\gtrsim S\log n$ samples from its convolution with a pulse whose Fourier transform has unit magnitude and random phase at all frequencies. The time-domain subsampling can be done in one of two ways: in the first, we simply observe $m$ samples of the random convolution; in the second, we break the random convolution into $m$ blocks and summarize each with a single randomized sum. We also discuss several imaging applications where convolution with a random pulse allows us to superresolve fine-scale features, allowing us to recover high-resolution signals from low-resolution measurements.
Molecular interactions in intercalated organically modified clay and clay–polycaprolactam nanocomposites: Experiments and modeling

Abstract In this work we have evaluated molecular interactions in organically modified clay and polymer clay nanocomposite using a combination of experimental (photoacoustic FTIR, XRD) and computational (molecular dynamics (MD)) techniques. The FTIR data reveals hydrogen bond and ionic bond interaction between functional end groups of organic modifier and surface oxygen of interlayer clay sheet lying in the organically modified clay; and, the hydrogen bond formation between intercalated polymer and organic modifier and surface oxygen of clay sheet lying in the interlayer clay gallery in the polymer clay nanocomposite. In this work we report the nature of interactions between clay and polymer, clay and organic modifier in polymer–clay nanocomposites through experiments and molecular dynamics simulations.
Apolipoprotein E Receptors Mediate the Effects of β-Amyloid on Astrocyte Cultures

We have previously shown that beta-amyloid (Abeta) induces astrocyte activation in vitro and that this reaction is attenuated by the addition of exogenous apolipoprotein E (apoE)-containing particles. However, the effects of Abeta on endogenous apoE and apoJ levels and the potential role of apoE receptors in astrocyte activation have not been addressed. Three activating stimuli (lipopolysaccharide, dibutyryl cAMP, and aged Abeta 1-42) were used to induce activation of rat astrocyte cultures, as assessed by changes in morphology and an increase in interleukin-1beta. However, only Abeta also induced approximately 50% reduction in the amount of released apoE and apoJ and an 8-fold increase in the levels of cell-associated apoE and apoJ. Experiments using two concentrations of receptor-associated protein, an inhibitor of apoE receptors with a differential affinity for the low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) and the LDLR-related protein (LRP), suggest that LRP mediates Abeta-induced astrocyte activation, whereas LDLR mediates the Abeta-induced changes in apoE levels. Receptor-associated protein had no effect on apoJ levels or on activation by either dibutyryl cAMP or lipopolysaccharide. These data suggest that apoE receptors translate the presence of extracellular Abeta into cellular responses, both initiating and modulating the inflammatory response induced by Abeta.
EFFECT OF VARIOUS ANTIOXIDANTS ON THE OXIDATIVE STABILITY OF ACID AND ALKALI SOLUBILIZED MUSCLE PROTEIN ISOLATES

Protein isolates prepared from cod (Gadus morhua) myofibrillar proteins using acid or alkali solubilization are susceptible to oxidative rancidity. Oxidation could be delayed by the exogenous addition of antioxidants. The objective of this research was to compare the efficacy of antioxidants such as δ-tocopherol, butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and propyl gallate, to inhibit oxidation in acid- and alkali- solubilized cod protein isolates. Oxidation was catalyzed using cod hemolysate. Oxidation of lipids was monitored by the measurement of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and painty odor. Results showed that protein isolates prepared using the acid process was significantly (P BHA > δ-tocopherol. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Research has shown that seafood available for human consumption is rapidly getting depleted and that many fish species may become extinct in the next half-century or so. Acid and alkali solubilization methods are recent but well-known techniques used for preparing protein isolates from under-utilized aquatic species and the by-products of seafood industry. Although numerous researchers have studied the use of acid and alkali processes on several sources of seafood, almost no research has been done on the use of antioxidants to protect protein isolates from lipid oxidation. In our research, we have studied the effect of various antioxidants on the oxidative stability of acid- and alkali-solubilized fish myofibrillar proteins. The results from this work will enable the seafood industry to properly identify the process and the type of antioxidants required for making muscle food products with increased oxidative stability.
The carbon isotope biogeochemistry of the individual hydrocarbons in bat guano and the ecology of the insectivorous bats in the region of Carlsbad, New Mexico

The structures and C-13 contents of individual alkanes extracted from bat guano found in the Carlsbad region of New Mexico can be related to both the photosynthetic pathways of the local plants and the feeding habits of the insects that support the bats. Carbon isotopic analyses of the 62 most important plant species in the Pecos River Valley, the most significant feeding area for the Carlsbad bats, reveal the presence of 29 species with C3 photosynthesis and 33 species, mostly grasses, with C4 photosynthesis. Although the abundances of nonagricultural C3 and C4 plants are similar, alfalfa and cotton, both C3 plants, constitute over 95 per cent of the crop biomass. The molecular composition of the bat guano hydrocarbons is fully consistent with an insect origin. Two isotopically distinct groups of insect branched alkanes were discerned. These two groups of alkanes derived from two chemotaxonomically distinct populations of insects possessing distinctly different feeding habits. It is likely that one population grazes predominantly on crops whereas the other population prefers native vegetation. This and other isotopic evidence supports the notion that crop pests constitute a major percentage of the bats' diet.
A Note On Jean-Baptiste Say and Carl Menger Regarding Value

In this journal, an enlightening article appeared by Joseph T. Salerno (1988) concerning the neglect of the French liberal school in Anglo-American economics. The purpose of the present note is to reinforce a point contained therein. That point is: "The tradition [Smith-Say t ype a pproach to value theory] culminated in the work of F. B. W. Hermann who, starting from basic concepts formulated by Say, developed an approach to price theory 'emphasizing consumers' desires and incomes,' which came to serve later 'as the starting point of Menger's utility analysis'" (1988, p. 123). Offered below, as evidence of an intellectual kinship on value between Say and Menger, is a citation from each. The q uotation by Say is an excerpt from a letter that he wrote to Charles Robert Prinsep, the E nglish translator of Say's Treatise on Political Economy. The letter is dated 1821. The costs of production are not the foundation of price; the foundation is found uniquely in the need that men experience for making use of the product. They consent to pay for making use of the product. They consent to pay the pains (the toils) or the price that the product costs, only by reason of the utility that it has. If this utility is great enough in order that the consumer consents to place on it the price which it costs, one makes it or else one acquires it from those who have made it; if its utility does not appear sufficient in order to be worth this expense, one does not create it, or one does not buy it if someone has had the folly of making it. I have need of a piece of cloth of a certain quality; this need determines me to employ 20 shillings for it; if its costs of production, or what you call difficulty of attainment, do not permit that one produce it at less than 25 shillings, I do not want it
Atypical dysarthria in Munchausen syndrome

The evaluation and treatment of a 40 year old man with a diagnosis of Munchausen syndrome with accompanying dysarthria is described. the patient responded to symptomatic behavioural therapy similar to that for other functional speech and voice disorders. the speech pathologist may serve an important role in the management of such cases.
Estimating correlation under interval uncertainty

Abstract In many engineering situations, we are interested in finding the correlation ρ between different quantities x and y based on the values xi and yi of these quantities measured in different situations i. Measurements are never absolutely accurate; it is therefore necessary to take this inaccuracy into account when estimating the correlation ρ . Sometimes, we know the probabilities of different values of measurement errors, but in many cases, we only know the upper bounds Δ xi and Δ yi on the corresponding measurement errors. In such situations, after we get the measurement results x ˜ i and y ˜ i , the only information that we have about the actual (unknown) values xi and yi is that they belong to the corresponding intervals [ x ˜ i − Δ xi , x ˜ i + Δ xi ] and [ y ˜ i − Δ yi , y ˜ i + Δ yi ] . Different values from these intervals lead, in general, to different values of the correlation ρ . It is therefore desirable to find the range [ ρ , ρ ¯ ] of possible values of the correlation when xi and yi take values from the corresponding intervals. In general, the problem of computing this range is NP-hard. In this paper, we provide a feasible (=polynomial-time) algorithm for computing at least one of the endpoints of this interval: for computing ρ ¯ when ρ ¯ > 0 and for computing ρ when ρ 0 .
Acceleration Estimation and Signature Matching Travel Time Estimation Enhancement for Standard Electromagnetic Vehicle Detectors

The traffic industry has invested in an extensive infrastructure for vehicle detection and speed estimation. This paper describes how these sensors can be enhanced to measure not only the presence and speed of a vehicle but also its acceleration and travel time. While acceleration of vehicles is of independent interest, knowledge of the acceleration of a vehicle can also be used to normalize vehicular signatures to increase significantly the probability of successfully reidentifying vehicles to generate travel time estimates. In this paper, the acceleration correction for vehicle reidentification is developed and analyzed in terms of the percentage of vehicles correctly matched and in the framework of a communication system's receiver operating characteristic. The percentage of vehicles correctly matched for the travel time estimation is increased from 55.1% when only the speed of the passing vehicles is used to 64.5% and the acceleration estimates are also used.
Targeting mechanisms at sites of complement activation for imaging and therapy

The complement system plays a key role in many acute injury states as well as chronic autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Localized complement activation and alternative pathway-mediated amplification on diverse target surfaces promote local recruitment of pro-inflammatory cells and elaboration of other mediators. Despite a general understanding of the architecture of the system, though, many of the mechanisms that underlie site-specific complement activation and amplification in vivo are incompletely understood. In addition, there is no capability yet to measure the level of local tissue site-specific complement activation in patients without performing biopsies to detect products using immunohistochemical techniques. Herein is reviewed emerging evidence obtained through clinical research studies of human rheumatoid arthritis along with translational studies of its disease models which demonstrate that several parallel mechanisms are involved in site-specific amplification of activation of the complement system in vivo. Among these processes are de-regulation of the alternative pathway, effector pathway-catalyzed amplification of proximal complement activation, recognition of injury-associated ligands by components of the lectin pathway, and engagement of pathogenic natural antibodies that recognize a limited set of injury-associated neoepitopes. Studies suggest that each of these inter-related processes can play key roles in amplification of complement-dependent injury on self-tissues in vivo. These findings, in addition to development of an imaging strategy described herein designed to quantitatively measure local complement C3 fixation, have relevance to therapeutic and diagnostic strategies targeting the complement system.
A fast 3D particle method for the simulation of buoyant flow

This paper describes progress in several areas related to three-dimensional vortex methods and their application to multiphysics problems. The first is the solution of a generic scalar transport equation by advecting and diffusing the scalar gradient along a particle trajectory and onto a mesh, respectively, and recovering the scalar values using a Biot-Savart-like summation. The second is the accurate, high-resolution calculation of the velocity gradient using a fast treecode, which avoids using kinematic relations between the evolution of the gradients and the distortion of the flow map. The same tree structure is used to compute all the variables of interest and those required during the integration of the governing equations. Next, we apply our modified interpolation kernel algorithm for treating diffusion and remeshing to maintain long time accuracy. The coupling between vorticity transport and that of a dynamic scalar, in this case the temperature or density in a gravitational field, is manifested by the generation of vorticity. We demonstrate the performance of the multiphysics algorithm by solving a number of buoyant flow problems.
Picosecond saturation spectroscopy of cresyl violet: rotational diffusion by a “sticking” boundary condition in the liquid phase

Picosecond pulses (0.6–2.5 ps duration) from a passively mode-locked and cavity-dumped dye laser have been used to study the molecular reorientation of cresyl violet in liquids. The dipole correlation function is obtained from the decay of the induced dichroism. The results when compared with hydrodynamics give good agreement with the stick boundary condition, and predict effective shape of cresyl violet in the liquid.
Improved continence with tubularized bladder neck reconstruction following radical retropubic prostatectomy.

Abstract Objectives Incontinence after radical retropubic prostatectomy remains a common problem. This study determines the efficacy of a tubularized bladder neck reconstruction for improving the time to continence and also the total rate of continence following radical retropubic prostatectomy. Methods Tubularized bladder neck reconstruction was performed in 29 patients by creating a trapezoidalshaped anterior bladder flap and performing tubularization over a 30 F red rubber catheter prior to urethrovesical anastomosis. This flap measured approximately 5 cm at its base and 3 cm at its apex. Continence rates of these patients were compared to results of 30 randomly selected patients in whom a bladder flap was not used. Results Seven of 29 (24%) patients with tubularized bladder neck reconstruction were fully continent within 24 hours of catheter removal and 27 of 29 (93%) were fully continent by 3 months follow-up. An additional patient was continent at 6 months for a total continence rate of 28 of 29 (97%). These continence rates were significantly higher at all follow-up times than for patients in whom an anterior bladder flap was not used. One patient developed a bladder neck contracture and was successfully managed with visual urethrotomy. He is fully continent. Conclusions Tubularized bladder neck reconstruction following radical prostatectomy may both increase the successful achievement of postoperative continence and decrease the time needed to achieve full continence without increasing morbidity.
Lessons from flower colour evolution on targets of selection

The genetic basis of flower colour evolution provides a useful system to address the debate over the relative contribution of regulatory vs. functional mutations in evolution. The relative importance of these two categories depends on the type of flower colour transition and the genes involved in those transitions. These differences reflect differences in the degree of deleterious pleiotropy associated with functional inactivation of various anthocyanin pathway genes. Our findings illustrate how generalized statements regarding the contributions of regulatory and functional mutations to broad categories of traits, such as morphological vs. physiological, ignore differences among traits within categories and in doing so overlook important factors determining the relative importance of regulatory and functional mutations.
Restructuring SIMPLE for the CHiP architecture

Abstract The SIMPLE program is a commonly used benchmark for testing new architectures designed for high speed scientific computation. As the name implies, the code is a simple example of a Lagrangian hydrodynamics application. In this paper we describe the SIMPLE benchmark in detail and discuss the way in which parallelism can be used to speed up execution. The focus of the work is a mapping of the algorithms to a configurable highly parallel (CHiP) computer being designed at the University of Washington.
Lipid binding-induced conformational change in human apolipoprotein E. Evidence for two lipid-bound states on spherical particles.

Apolipoprotein (apo) E contains two structural domains, a 22-kDa (amino acids 1–191) N-terminal domain and a 10-kDa (amino acids 223–299) C-terminal domain. To better understand apoE-lipid interactions on lipoprotein surfaces, we determined the thermodynamic parameters for binding of apoE4 and its 22- and 10-kDa fragments to triolein-egg phosphatidylcholine emulsions using a centrifugation assay and titration calorimetry. In both large (120 nm) and small (35 nm) emulsion particles, the binding affinities decreased in the order 10-kDa fragment ≈ 34-kDa intact apoE4 > 22-kDa fragment, whereas the maximal binding capacity of intact apoE4 was much larger than those of the 22- and 10-kDa fragments. These results suggest that at maximal binding, the binding behavior of intact apoE4 is different from that of each fragment and that the N-terminal domain of intact apoE4 does not contact lipid. Isothermal titration calorimetry measurements showed that apoE binding to emulsions was an exothermic process. Binding to large particles is enthalpically driven, and binding to small particles is entropically driven. At a low surface concentration of protein, the binding enthalpy of intact apoE4 (−69 kcal/mol) was approximately equal to the sum of the enthalpies for the 22- and 10-kDa fragments, indicating that both the 22- and 10-kDa fragments interact with lipids. In a saturated condition, however, the binding enthalpy of intact apoE4 (−39 kcal/mol) was less exothermic and rather similar to that of each fragment, supporting the hypothesis that only the C-terminal domain of intact apoE4 binds to lipid. We conclude that the N-terminal four-helix bundle can adopt either open or closed conformations, depending upon the surface concentration of emulsion-bound apoE.
Psychiatrist-Patient Boundary Issues Following Treatment Termination

OBJECTIVE: Psychiatrist-patient relationships after termination of treatment are fraught with complexities and are the subject of ongoing debate. The authors discuss the issue of boundary violation allegations that arise after treatment has ended, with the goal of explicating how these issues have been handled in psychiatric discussions as well as in broader sociolegal settings. METHOD: Clinical illustrations and legal cases are used to illustrate how legal and administrative bodies have dealt with posttermination boundary issues. RESULTS: Courts and regulatory bodies have tended to use the psychoanalytic concept of transference to decide issues in which there has been a complaint of impropriety—be it romantic, financial, or social in nature—arising after termination of treatment. However, a multitude of treatment approaches are currently employed in psychiatry, and often their practitioners either do not use the concept of transference or deny its validity. If the concept is used, it is often present in ...
Bactericide/leukocide ratio: a technique for the evaluation of disinfectants.

A rapid and simple method for the evaluation of antiseptic substances, using animal leukocytes is described. A comparison between the bactericidal and leukocidal concentrations of a given compound yields a relative measure of the toxicity of the test substance, and under the test condition, only gentian violet, Chlorox, and Isodine, of fifteen compounds tested, show a lower toxicity to phagocytes than to bacteria. The method described should prove valuable for small laboratories or for rapid evaluation of new compounds, although values so obtained cannot be the sole criterion for the determination of the effectiveness or usefulness of a wound disinfectant.
Replication and immunoactivity of the recombinant Peromyscus maniculatus cytomegalovirus expressing hantavirus G1 glycoprotein in vivo and in vitro.

Abstract Previously, we have shown that CMV isolated from deer mouse could be used in vivo and in vitro to express Sin Nombre virus (SNV) glycoprotein G1 in deer mice [Rizvanov AA, van Geelen AG, Morzunov S, et al. Generation of a recombinant cytomegalovirus for expression of a hantavirus glycoprotein. J.Virol. 2003;77(22):12203–10]. In this report, we further characterize replication of wild-type (wt) and recombinant Peromyscus CMV (PCMV) in vivo and in vitro using realtime PCR, and infectious center assays. Our findings indicate that both wt PCMV and recombinant PCMV establish persistent infections in P. maniculatus. In addition, we demonstrated that gamma irradiation of PCMV infected mice resulted in reactivation of recombinant PCMV in persistently infected mice.
A theory on transition of ignition phase of coal particles

Abstract A century-long held notion was that the ignition of coal particles always occurs in the gas phase, as in a totally pyrolysing material. Recent experimental results disprove such a sequence, at least for small bituminous coal particles. Coals undergo only partial pyrolysis and hence ignition could occur in one of two possible modes: (i) exothermic gasification due to heterogeneous oxidation (regime I), and (ii) endothermic pyrolysis and subsequent oxidation of the pyrolysate in the gas phase (regime II). A steady-state ignition theory is developed for partially pyrolysing solid particles. The theory is formulated on an asymptotic basis: regime I is assumed to proceed independent of regime II. For regime I, Semenov's thermal theory is used to obtain the heterogeneous ignition temperature (HIT) and the solutions reveal that an increase in particle size and oxygen concentration results in decrease of HIT. For regime II, an adiabatic criterion is invoked to define the gas ignition temperature (GIT). The solutions reveal that a decrease in particle size and an increase in oxygen concentration increases the GIT. Superimposing the results for HIT and GIT, the conditions for transition of ignition phase (TIP) are found. The Pittsburgh seam bituminous particles of size below 350 μm may not undergo gas phase ignition, confirming recent experimental results.
Luminal surfaces of fetal rat alveolar type II and Clara lung cells react with antibody to Heymann nephritis antigen.

We have used affinity purified antibody, which reacts with the renal antigen gp600, to examine the immunoreactivity of pulmonary cells in the quick frozen lung tissue of fetal rats. On immunoelectron microscopy, we found that the reaction was specifically localized to the luminal surfaces of Clara cell and, as previously reported, to alveolar type II cell (ATII) membranes. No immunoreaction was seen on or in type I cells, endothelial cells or any other lung or blood cell. These studies suggest that the anti-gp600 immunoselection can be used as a marker to identify and quantify Clara and ATII cells in rat lung tissue. Pediatr Pulmonol 1991; 10:260–266.
Synthesis and characterization of a protected amino alcohol containing ortho-carborane

Abstract The reaction between the alkyne, N- (5-Benzyloxy-2-pentynyl) phthalimide and decaborane (14) in the presence of dimethyl sulfide resulted in the isolation of 1-C6H4 (CO) 2NCH2-2-C6H5CH2OCH2CH2-1, 2-C2B10H10 (5) , 1-methylphthalimido-2-ethylbenzyl ether-o-carborane, in moderate yield. Compound 5 was characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction study. Compound 5 crystallizes in the P 1 space group, a=10.5328 (5) A, b=11.9209 (6) A, c=10.3451 (3) A, α=110.492 (3) °, β=102.868 (3) °, γ=87.279 (2) °, Z=2, Dcalc=1.226 g\cm3, R=0.0491 for 3521 reflections with F>4.0σ. Deprotection of the ether linkage of 5 results in the formation of 1-C6H4 (CO) 2NCH2-2-HOCH2CH2-1, 2-C2B10H10 (6) , 1-methylphthalimido-2-ethylalcohol-o-carborane. The transformation is accomplished by hydrogenation of (5) over a Pd\C catalyst and resulted in the efficient conversion of (5) into (6) (83% yield) . Experimental details and analytical data leading to the identification of the reported compounds is provided.
Preparation of deuterated abscisic acid metabolites for use in mass spectrometry and feeding studies

Four deuterium-labelled ABA catabolites of high isotopic purity were prepared for hormone profiling studies using HPLC-ESI-MS-MS. The catabolites, namely [7′,7′,7′-d3]-PA, [7′,7′,7′-d3]-DPA, [5,8′,8′,8′-d4]-7′-hydroxyABA and [4,5,8′,8′,8′-d5]-ABA glucose ester were prepared either by biotransformation or chemical synthesis starting with labelled ABA. The labelled compounds are employed as internal standards for plant hormone profiling by liquid chromatography–electrospray–tandem mass spectrometry. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improved high-contrast imaging with on-axis telescopes using a multistage vortex coronagraph.

The vortex coronagraph is one of the most promising coronagraphs for high-contrast imaging because of its simplicity, small inner working angle, high throughput, and clear off-axis discovery space. However, as with most coronagraphs, centrally obscured on-axis telescopes degrade contrast. Based on the remarkable ability of vortex coronagraphs to move light between the interior and exterior of pupils, we propose a method based on multiple vortices, that without sacrificing throughput, reduces the residual light leakage to (a/A)^n, with n≥4, and a and A being the radii of the central obscuration and primary mirror, respectively. This method thus enables high contrasts to be reached even with an on-axis telescope.
Temperature-Stable Silicon Oxide (SilOx) Micromechanical Resonators

This paper presents a passive temperature compensation technique that can provide full cancellation of the linear temperature coefficient of frequency (TCF1) in silicon resonators. A uniformly distributed matrix of silicon dioxide pillars is embedded inside the silicon substrate to form a homogenous composite silicon oxide platform (SilOx) with nearly perfect temperature-compensated stiffness moduli. This composite platform enables the implementation of temperature-stable microresonators operating in any desired in- and out-of-plane resonance modes. Full compensation of TCF1 is achieved for extensional and shear modes of SilOx resonators resulting in a quadratic temperature characteristic with an overall frequency drift as low as 83 ppm over the industrial temperature range ( -40°C to 80°C). Besides a 40 times reduction in temperature-induced frequency drift in this range, SilOx resonators exhibit improved temperature stability of Q compared with their single crystal silicon counterparts.
Towards systematic design of distance functions for data mining applications

Distance function computation is a key subtask in many data mining algorithms and applications. The most effective form of the distance function can only be expressed in the context of a particular data domain. It is also often a challenging and non-trivial task to find the most effective form of the distance function. For example, in the text domain, distance function design has been considered such an important and complex issue that it has been the focus of intensive research over three decades. The final design of distance functions in this domain has been reached only by detailed empirical testing and consensus over the quality of results provided by the different variations. With the increasing ability to collect data in an automated way, the number of new kinds of data continues to increase rapidly. This makes it increasingly difficult to undertake such efforts for each and every new data type. The most important aspect of distance function design is that since a human is the end-user for any application, the design must satisfy the user requirements with regard to effectiveness. This creates the need for a systematic framework to design distance functions which are sensitive to the particular characteristics of the data domain. In this paper, we discuss such a framework. The goal is to create distance functions in an automated waywhile minimizing the work required from the user. We will show that this framework creates distance functions which are significantly more effective than popularly used functions such as the Euclidean metric.