cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
COMPREHENSION STRATEGIES INSTRUCTION: DOES IT MAKE A DIFFERENCE?

The purpose of this research study was to determine whether students who were taught specific research‐based strategies using a transactional strategies instruction (TSI) approach (Pressley, El‐Dinary, Gaskins, Schuder, Bergman, Almasi, & Brown, 1992) would (a) improve in comprehension achievement, and (b) be more engaged during reading groups. Thirty‐two fourth graders participated in an 8‐week experiment. The treatment group was taught four comprehension strategies‐‐predicting, questioning, clarifying, and summarizing‐‐following the TSI approach. The comparison group was conducted as a traditional reading group. Qualitative and quantitative data collected include: pre/post interviews, videotaped reading sessions, response journals, and scores on the comprehension section of the California Achievement Test, pretest/Form E, and posttest/Form F. The findings favor the strategies treatment and include observations of greater focus and engagement during reading groups, improved knowledge and use of strategie...
The synthesis of 2-chlorobiphenyl-1′,2′,3′,4′,5′,6′-14c6, [1]†

Modification of the traditional. Gomberg reaction conditions provides a simple, economical. route to 2-chlorobiphenyl-1′,2′,3′,4′,5′,6′-14C6(I). The reaction of benzene-U-14C6with an excess of the diasonium salt from 2-chloroaniline produces14C-labelled I in 10% radiochemical. yield. This method should be applicable to the preparation of any chlorinated biphenyl having one unsubstituted ring.
Nutritional factors and conditions for the axenic culture of free-living nematodes.

Abstract 1. 1. Soy-peptone has been fractionated to yield a series of increasingly purified components which sharply increase the populations of Caenorhabditis briggsae and Caenorhabditis elegans when added to the basal medium. The nutritionally active material appears to be a small polypeptide. 2. 2. C. briggsae and C. elegans routinely reach populations of 150,000/ml or greater in 9 days in still culture, starting from an inoculum of only 500 organisms per ml. C. elegans is particularly sensitive to the depth of the medium. However, large populations can be achieved in deep cultures if continuous shaking is carried out. 3. 3. Panagrellus silusiae shows improved populations if the basal medium is supplemented with the nutritional factor from soy-peptone. However, 0.5% acetic acid or 1% ethanol added to the medium serves equally well. There is no additive effect of ethanol and the factor.
Theoretical and experimental evidence for hysteresis in cell proliferation.

We propose a mathematical model for the regulation of the G1-phase of the mammalian cell cycle taking into account interactions of cyclin D/cdk4, cyclin E/cdk2, Rb and E2F. Mathematical analysis of this model As a predicts that a change in the proliferative status in response to a change in concentrations of serum growth factors will exhibit the property of hysteresis: the concentration of growth factors required to induce proliferation is higher than the concentration required to maintain proliferation. We experimentally confirmed this prediction in mouse embryonic fibroblasts in vitro. In agreement with the mathematical model, this indicates that changes in proliferative mode caused by small changes in concentrations of growth factors are not easily reversible. Based on this study, we discuss the importance of proliferation hysteresis for cell cycle regulation.
Box-Jenkins vs Multiple Regression: Some Adventures in Forecasting the Demand for Blood Tests

This paper reports the application of a multiple regression forecasting model in a hospital laboratory setting. Twenty-five time series models were tested, and the comparative results should be of interest to practitioners. Box-Jenkins theory could not be stretched to fit the time series, which is characterized by powerful but erratic trend and seasonal components. Simple exponential smoothing performed much better than several highly sophisticated smoothing models.
Translocation of the Gopher Tortoise: Difficulties Associated with Assessing Success

Gopher tortoises on lands to be developed may be translocated as a conservation measure, sometimes to areas already occupied by the species. We assessed the success of this type of translocation by monitoring the movements, spatial positioning, health, and reproductive activity of translocated and resident individuals at a site in central Florida from 2001 to 2004. By several criteria, the translocation was a success. Most translocated individuals remained on-site for at least one year, home ranges of resident individuals were not significantly different before and after translocation, home ranges of translocated individuals fit within the range of estimates reported in the literature, and neither body condition nor reproduction of either group of individuals could be shown to be affected by the translocation. On the other hand, several resident individuals altered their habitat use after translocation and the spatial positioning of resident individuals was different than that of individuals throughout; so, some potential exists for future off-site movements. The study illustrates two practical problems in assessing translocation success: lack of adequate pre-translocation data for both resident and translocated individuals, which interferes with documentation of translocation effects, and the necessarily small sample sizes, which reduces statistical power.
Correlation between increased bronchial response to acetylcholine and diminished metabolic and eosinopenic responses to epinephrine in asthma

Abstract The threshold amount of inhaled acetylcholine required to induce bronchoconstriction was determined in each of 21 patients with asthma of varying severity. On another day each was given an intravenous infusion of epinephrine, 0.1 μg per kilogram per minute, for 10 minutes. Blood samples were taken before and 5, 20, and 30 minutes after epinephrine and analyzed for glucose, free fatty acids, lactic acid, and insulin. Blood pressure and pulse rate were also measured. Eosinophils were counted before and 3 hours after epinephrine. The threshold amount of acetylcholine required to induce bronchoconstriction showed low but statistically significant correlations with the degree of hyperglycemia, hyperlactacidemia, and eosinopenia but not with the other responses to epinephrine. The patients with asthma had no gross abnormality in either the basal insulin levels or the insulin response to epinephrine. These correlations indicate that increased bronchial response to acetylcholine and decreased metabolic and eosinopenic responses to epinephrine may arise from a common defect, such as beta-adrenergic blockade, but the experimental design does not permit us to conclude that they necessarily do so.
Effect of chronic ethanol feeding on high density lipoprotein subfractions in rats.

We have reported previously that chronic alcohol consumption in the rat produced elevated total serum high density lipoprotein (HDL) fraction, but HDL particles of the alcohol-fed rat were deficient in apolipoprotein (apo) E. In that report, serum HDL particles were prepared by successive ultracentrifugation method and there were concerns that the apo E deficiency in HDL particles was artificially produced by centrifugal forces. In the present report, apo Al affinity column chromatography was used instead of successive ultracentrifugation and it likewise yielded HDL particles from alcohol-fed rats that exhibited lower apo E: apo Al ratio than HDL from control rats (0.185 ± 0.016 vs. 0.303 ± 0.017, respectively). When the total serum lipoprotein fraction (d < 1.21) was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), both HDL and VLDL peaks were higher in alcohol-fed rats than controls. The size of apo E deficient HDL particles from alcohol-fed rats determined by HPLC did not differ from that of normal HDL particles. When HDL (1.063 < d < 1.21) was subfractionated into HDL2 (1.063 < d < 1.125) and HDL3 (1.125 < d < 1.21), only HDL2 of alcohol-fed rats showed lowered apo E: apo Al ratio when compared with same HDL subfraction of control animals. Therefore, the molecular structure of only HDL2 (but not HDL3) was affected by alcohol-feeding. Another HDL subpopulation which is enriched with apo E, i.e. HDL1 (1.054 < d < 1.063), was also prepared. HDL1 of alcohol-fed rats was increased by 50% over the controls but its apo E: apo Al ratio was unchanged when compared with control rats. In conclusion, chronic alcohol consumption in the rat produces increased total HDL fraction, decreased apo E: apo Al ratio in the HDL2 subfraction (1.063 < d 1.125), and increased HDL1 (1.054 < d < 1.063) subpopulation.
Nuclear Power - Social Needs and Benefits

The present severe shortage of electric power plants cannot be ignored. Some alternatives are discussed and the merits of building nuclear plants presented. The environmental effects of nuclear and fossil fuel plants are compared. It is argued that the small but finite risk of living near a nuclear plant is preferable to the certain pollution of a coal-fueled power station.
Haloperidol antagonism of amphetamine-induced effects on event-related slow potentials from rat cortex.

Slow potential (SP) responses to a click followed after 2 sec by rewarding stimulation of the medial forebrain bundle were recorded from the frontal cortex of rats with permanently implanted electrodes. The SP responses were frequently enhanced by haloperidol (0.0125 to 0.1 mg/kg). Both haloperidol and a-methyltyrosine antagonized amphetamine-induced suppression of the SP responses. The results are consistent with the idea that dopamine (and possibly norepinephrine) exerts an inhibitory influence on the mechanisms involved in generation of event-related slow potentials.
A New Species of Snapping Shrimp From the Pacific Coast of Colombia (Decapoda, Caridea, Alpheidae)

[Se describe Alpheus colombiensis, especie nueva, de Bahia Malaga, Colombia. La especie se asemeja a A. estuariensis Christoffersen, una especie de distribucion extensa en el Atlantico occidental, que vive en habitat semejante. La especie nueva se distingue de especies relatadas por medio de dientes agudos en el propodio de cada pleopodo., Se describe Alpheus colombiensis, especie nueva, de Bahia Malaga, Colombia. La especie se asemeja a A. estuariensis Christoffersen, una especie de distribucion extensa en el Atlantico occidental, que vive en habitat semejante. La especie nueva se distingue de especies relatadas por medio de dientes agudos en el propodio de cada pleopodo.]
Crystal structures of p-chloro- and p-bromobenzaldehyde

p-Chloro- and p-bromobenzaldehyde form isomorphous monoclinic crystals, space groupP21/a. For p-Cl at −96°C,a=12.945(3),b=3.833(3),c=26.503(9) A, β=103.68(2)°,Z=8,V=1278(2) A3,Dx=1.461(2) g cm−3, refinement on 2714 reflections,R=0.047. For p-Br at −96°C,a=12.754(5),b=3.919(3),c=27.317(12) A, β=103.28(3)°,Z=8,V=1329(2) A3,Dx=1.849(3) g cm−3, refinement on 1519 reflections,R=0.062. The molecules do not differ significantly from planarity. They pack in stacks with Cl...Cl or Br...Br contacts at one end and CH...O contacts that are suggestive of hydrogen bonds at the other. There are no O...Cl or O...Br contacts.
Robot-aided rehabilitation using force analysis

The estimation of human arm forces is an important factor in physical therapy, especially in robotic-aided physical therapy. Force measurements reveal the rehabilitation progress of patients with poor upper extremity motor function. In this work, we managed to record and analyse the upper arm forces of the patient while executing upper extremity exercises. Our analysis of these forces allows the robot to identify the patient's motion capability and apply active motion control to the patient's arm when their arm's forces deviate from the desired motion set-up by the therapist.
The university college model: A learning-centered approach to retention and remediation

The authors outline how the University College (UC) model can serve as an effective vehicle for others.
Discover Health Services Near You! The North Dakota Story: Part I

Since the 2003 launch of NC Health Info, the National Library of Medicine has encouraged the development of Go Local databases. A team of Go Local enthusiasts at North Dakota's only medical school library wanted to obtain NLM funding and build a resource for their rural state. Although short on staff, money, and time, the team found a way to realize a Go Local database that serves the state's residents and helps them “Discover Health Services Near You!” A team approach and collaboration with health providers and organizations worked well in this small rural state. North Dakota's Go Local project offers a low-cost model that stresses collaboration, teamwork, and technology. Part I, which appears in this issue, describes the rural setting, explains how the project was conceived, and the processes necessary to begin building the database. Part II, which will appear in the next issue, details how records were created, including developing the input style guide and indexing decisions, the NLM testing and revie...
MARKET EQUILIBRIUM WITH CAPITAL LOSS DEDUCTION OPTIONS

This research builds on a widely-cited study to prove that the permissible tax loss deduction subsidizes investments in volatile securities by materially lowering the required expected return on more volatile assets. The implications of the theory are robust to the existence of transaction costs, dividends, forced liquidations, and a ceiling on capital loss deductions in some countries. It is further shown that special tax treatment at death significantly increases the value of the tax deduction option. The theoretical model is explained to be consistent with empirical findings reported in the literature and to actually help explain some asset pricing anomalies.
Complications associated with preoperative radiation therapy and Iodine-125 brachytherapy for localized prostatic carcinoma.

Abstract Twenty five consecutive patients with localized adenocarcinoma of the prostate treated with 1,050 rad preoperative radiation therapy and Iodine-125 seed brachytherapy are reviewed. Significant long-term postoperative complications included radiation protitis (12%), radiation proctitis (4%), genital and leg edema (12%), stress incontinence (8%), total incontinence (4%%), and impotence (26%). Complications occurred in 75 per cent of patients who received additional postoperative radiation. Improved staging with CT scan, lymphangiography, and Chiba needle biopsy of any possibly abnormal lymph nodes provided excellent preoperative staging with only 1 patient (6%) upstaged at surgery to Stage Dl.
Postirradiation release of adenosine triphosphate from Escherichia coliBr

Abstract The effect of x-rays on adenosine triphosphate (ATP) metabolism of Escherichia coli B r has been investigated. ATP was assayed for by use of the firefly luminescent system. The following results were obtained: 1. 1. Exposure to 60,000 r. did not alter the initial ATP content of the cells. 2. 2. The irradiated cells, when incubated at 37 °C. in a nutrient broth containing glucose, appeared to be capable of forming ATP at a rate approximately equal to that of the control cells. 3. 3. Irradiated cells, separated from the incubating medium, showed a decreasing ATP content with increasing incubation time. An analysis of the supernatant from these cultures revealed an increasing concentration of ATP with increasing time of incubation. No such release of ATP was noted from the nonirradiated cells. 4. 4. The presence or absence of metabolites in the incubating medium markedly influenced the degree of ATP loss into the medium. The loss of ATP was noted only under those conditions in which a turnover of ATP might be expected. 5. 5. The rate of release of ATP by the irradiated cells incubated in nutrient broth plus glucose was decreased if the temperature was lowered below 37 °C. Irradiated cells incubated in phosphate buffer plus glucose exhibited a lag in ATP loss, the duration of this lag increasing as the temperature was decreased below 37 °C. 6. 6. The amount of ATP lost by irradiated cells during 90 min. incubation at 37 °C. was found to increase with increasing x-ray dose. 7. 7. On the basis of evidence obtained by turbidity measurements, microscopic observations, and cell counts, the possibility that gross lysis of the irradiated cells is responsible for the release of ATP into the medium is eliminated. However, the evidence does not eliminate the possibility of a subtle form of lysis or structural change, rather than a true permeability change in the cell membrane, being the cause of the ATP leakage.
Human-to-Rabbit Xenograft Model for Evaluation of Recanalization Techniques

The authors describe a xenograft model created by interposing human ath erosclerotic tissue into the rabbit aorta. Human atherosclerotic tissue obtained from either peripheral vascular operative specimens or from resected hearts of patients undergoing orthotopic cardiac transplantation were sectioned into 10 patches and 5 vessel segments and placed into the aortas of 15 rabbits. A thin platelet-fibrin layer adhered to the luminal surface of the graft but did not progress to occlude the graft. This layer matured over a two-week period, with ingrowth of fibroblasts. Endothelialization occurred only at the anastomotic sites. Rejection was characterized by development over a ten-day period of mul tinucleate giant foreign body cells and a dense inflammatory infiltrate advanc ing from the adventital surface. No necrosis of the xenograft was evident. This model is applicable to study the effects of balloon angioplasty, "hot tip" devices, mechanical atherectomy instruments, and various laser systems on human cal ...
Stereotactic body radiation therapy can be used safely to boost residual disease in locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer: a prospective study.

Purpose To report the results of a prospective, single-institution study evaluating the feasibility of conventional chemoradiation (CRT) followed by stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) as a means of dose escalation for patients with stage II-III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with residual disease. Methods and Materials Patients without metastatic disease and with radiologic evidence of limited residual disease (≤5 cm) within the site of the primary tumor and good or complete nodal responses after standard CRT to a target dose of 60 Gy were considered eligible. The SBRT boost was done to achieve a total combined dose biological equivalent dose >100 Gy to the residual primary tumor, consisting of 10 Gy × 2 fractions (20 Gy total) for peripheral tumors, and 6.5 Gy × 3 fractions (19.5 Gy total) for medial tumors using the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group protocol 0813 definitions. The primary endpoint was the development of grade ≥3 radiation pneumonitis (RP). Results After a median follow-up of 13 months, 4 patients developed acute grade 3 RP, and 1 (2.9%) developed late and persistent grade 3 RP. No patients developed grade 4 or 5 RP. Mean lung dose, V2.5, V5, V10, and V20 values were calculated for the SBRT boost, and none were found to significantly predict for RP. Only advancing age ( P =.0147), previous smoking status ( P =.0505), and high CRT mean lung dose ( P =.0295) were significantly associated with RP development. At the time of analysis, the actuarial local control rate at the primary tumor site was 82.9%, with only 6 patients demonstrating recurrence. Conclusions Linear accelerator-based SBRT for dose escalation of limited residual NSCLC after definitive CRT was feasible and did not increase the risk for toxicity above that for standard radiation therapy .
Thermal stability of cesium on oxygenated W(110)

Cesium adsorption on an oxygen-covered W(110) surface was studied by low energy electron diffraction (LEED), Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS) and work function measurements. Room temprature work functions were measured by Kelvin probe and high temperature work functions were deduced from thermionic emission measurements. It was found that: (1) annealing of the WO2-on-W(110) surface at 1250 K produced a two-dimensional oxide layer, in agreement with the earlier results of Bauer and Engel; (2) the 2D-oxide layer was stable for prolonged annealing up to 1250 K; (3) adsorptiondesorption cycles of Cs on 2D-oxide (up to 1250 K) did not affect the 2D-oxide layer and always led to the same work function minimum φmin = 1.11 ± 0.05 eV; (4) simultaneous heating of the 2D-oxide surface at 700 K and exposure to a Cs flux resulted in the same room temperature φmin; (5) the thermionic work function minimum in the presence of a Cs flux increased exponentially from 1.1 to 1.38 eV in the 300 to 700 K temperature range; (6) exposure to air of the WO2/W(110) surface did not affect the subsequent production of the 2Doxide in UHV, and deposition of Cs on this surface led again to φmin = 1.1 eV.
Near-ultraviolet-induced matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization as a function of wavelength

The matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) effect for the ablation of polypeptide ions was studied as a function of wavelength in the range 360–450 nm, using a tunable titanium:sapphire laser and the matrices (trans)α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid, (trans)3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxycinnamic acid, and (trans)β-indoleacrylic acid. The results demonstrated that the qualitative aspects of the MALDI effect remained largely unchanged as a function of wavelength until the matrix crystal’s absorption coefficient approached 6 × 104 cm−1. Wavelengths at which the absorption coefficient was lower than this value did not produce observable polypeptide ions. In the range of wavelengths where polypeptide ions could be observed, the effect was generated only when the average energy absorbed in the 10-nm layer immediately below the crystal surface was >8 kJ/cm3 regardless of the total amount of energy absorbed in the remainder of the crystal. It was demonstrated that on the basis of the other results in this paper and those in the literature that the mechanism that generates polypeptide ions cannot be either photochemically induced or the same mechanism that gives rise to matrix ions. A model for ionization is proposed that decouples matrix and protein ionization in a simple manner that has direct analogy to the behavior of ionic solutes in polar solvents. The model satisfies the currently available experimental evidence and unifies the results obtained by MALDI at all wavelengths.
Dynamics Analysis of the Time-Varying Operation of Belt-Drives

For the first time, a closed-form analysis is presented for the time-varying operation of belt-drives. The analysis is developed as a perturbation away from the analysis of a steadily rotating belt-drive. The intent is to derive expressions for the span tensions, the pulley tension distributions, and the driven pulley angular velocity; and to document the existence of a lone slip zone for a belt-drive operating under time-varying conditions. A lone slip zone on the trailing edge of each pulley is well-known for steady operating conditions [Johnson, K.L., 1984],[Smith, D.P., 1999]. An alternative computational solution using an in-house finite element code is also presented, which demonstrates excellent agreement with the response quantities predicted by the analytical solution, and which also verifies the existence of a lone slip zone preceded by a stick zone.© 2003 ASME
HIV Prevention in Single, Urban Women: Condom-Use Readiness

Objective To understand women's readiness to use condoms and their perceived pros and cons for condom use. Design Comparative, descriptive design guided by the Transtheoretical Model. Setting Data were collected at two urban primary health care centers in western New York. Participants 364 single urban women with steady (main) or other (casual, concurrent, multiple, new) sexual partners. Most participants were young (mean age of 27years), economically disadvantaged women of color. Main Outcome Measures Each participant completed an anonymous questionnaire that included items for the stage of change algorithm, decisional balance of the pros and cons of condom use, sexual history, and HIV risk information. Results Most women were in the early stages of change (not intending to use condoms), but those with other partners were further along in the stages of change for condom use than those with steady partners. The pros or advantages of condom use differed for these women depending on partner type. The change in the balance between the pros and cons occurred as theoretically predicted for women with steady and other partners. Conclusion Effectiveness of HIV prevention interventions for women may be enhanced if they are tailored to both readiness to change and partner type.
Modification of Soy Protein for Wood Adhesives using Mussel Protein as a Model: The Influence of a Mercapto Group

Summary: Mussel protein can serve as a strong and water-resistant adhesive, but is expensive and not readily available. Soy protein is inexpensive, abundant, and readily available, but is a poor adhesive. Mussel protein contains a high amount of mercapto-containing cysteine. This study revealed that increasing the free mercapto group content in soy protein could greatly increase the strength and water-resistance of wood composites bonded with the modified soy protein. Preparation of the modified SPIs.
Asthma is inversely associated with Helicobacter pylori status in an urban population.

Background Microbial exposures have been suggested to confer protection from allergic disorders and reduced exposures to gastrointestinal microbiota have been proposed as an explanation for the increase in asthma prevalence. Since the general prevalence of Helicobacter pylori has been decreasing, we hypothesized that H. pylori serostatus would be inversely related to the presence of asthma.
Nonlinear Coupling between Pulsation and Convection in Late Type Stars

A simple idealized nonlinear model applicable to long-period variable stars has been formulated which assumes that the convective envelope of M giants is composed of giant convection cells comparable in size to the stellar radius. The simplicity of this model essentially constitutes a physical analog to the strong dynamic coupling that occurs if the convective envelope of the star undergoes both modes of motion. As shown implicitly in the time scales associated with these motions, the coupling produces asymmetrical fluctuations of the entire star, the mean velocity of which is comparable to the escape velocity of the star at particular values of the ratio of the pulsation and convection time scales. It is suggested that this can account for the mass loss from late-type stars and the circumstellar dust shells that are associated extensively with long-period variables. For critical values of the pulsation and convection time scales, the solutions correspond to the rapid expansion of the entire convective envelope and are the basis of a mechanism that simulates the manner in which pulsating stars ballistically accelerate their convective shells to form planetary nebulae.
Specific Adsorption of Histidine-Tagged Proteins on Silica Surfaces Modified with Ni2+/NTA-Derivatized Poly(ethylene glycol)

Silica surfaces modified with nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA)-polyethylene glycol (PEG) derivatives were used to immobilize hexahistidine-tagged green fluorescent protein (His6-GFP), biotin/streptavidin-AlexaFluor555 (His6-biotin/SA-AF), and gramicidin A-containing vesicles (His6-gA). Three types of surface-reactive PEG derivatives−NTA-PEG3400-Si(OMe)3, NTA-PEG3400-vinylsulfone, and mPEG5000-Si(OMe)3 (control)−were grafted onto silica and tested for their ability to capture His6-tag species via His6/Ni2+/NTA chelation. The composition and thicknesses of the PEG-modified surfaces were characterized using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, contact angle, and ellipsometry. Protein capture efficiencies of the NTA-PEG-grafted surfaces were evaluated by measuring fluorescence intensities of these surfaces after exposure to His6-tag species. XPS and ellipsometry data indicate that surface adsorption occurs via specific interactions between the His6-tag and the Ni2+/NTA-PEG-grafted surface. Protein immobilization was ...
On the number of relations in the cohomology of a fixed point set

If ℤp (respectively S1) acts on a space, then under certain conditions the ℤp (respectively Q) cohomology of each component of of the fixed point set can be generated as an algebra by at most the same number of elements as the cohomology of the space itself. It is shown below that the ideal of relations among these generators is generated by at most the number of generators in the ideal of relations defining the cohomology of the original space.
A late Pleistocene glacial chronology for the southern Brooks Range: Stratigraphic record and regional significance

Radiocarbon dates from 11 measured sections in the Koyukuk region provide a chronology of the last Pleistocene glaciation. Glaciers were advancing strongly by 24,000 yr ago; they built moraines near the south flank of the Brooks Range, retreated briefly about 22,000 to 20,000 yr B.P., then readvanced at least one more time into their terminal zones. Glaciation was accompanied by alluviation of the Koyukuk and Kobuk drainage systems and by periglacial processes that resemble those taking place today farther north and at higher altitudes. Moraines near the south flank of the range were being revegetated by 13,500 yr B.P. A strong final readvance into end-moraine belts of some northern valleys occurred about 13,000 to 12,500 yr ago, and this event may be synchronous with less extensive glacier readvances in upper valleys of the Koyukuk region. Upper valleys were largely deglaciated by 11,800 yr B.P. Dated Stratigraphic sections from the northern Alaska Range show similar ages for initiation and close of glaciation and also suggest a possible interstadial episode about 20,000 yr ago. Scanty records of fluctuations during ice wastage probably reflect the general scarcity of datable wood, peat, and organic soils between about 19,500 and 13,500 yr ago. The Brooks Range and Alaska Range chronologies closely approximate glacial successions determined else-where in eastern Beringia and in Siberia. Advance and retreat of glaciers throughout this region evidently were associated with widespread climatic changes that also controlled the late Wisconsin history of the Laurentide ice sheet. The Itkillik II and late Itkillik phases of former usage are part of a single glaciation that was entirely separate from the preceding Itkillik I ice advance. For this reason, the local term "Walker Lake Glaciation" is here extended to the last major glaciation of the entire southern Brooks Range, and use of Itkillik phases should be discontinued. The term "Itkillik Glaciation" is hereby restricted to the next older ice advance, in accord with its original definition. Cold and dry conditions during the last glaciation of eastern Beringia are indicated by (1) relatively small mountain glaciers, (2) slight (200-m) depression of glaciation limits below modern values, (3) periglacial features indicating severe frost action on slopes with little protective plant cover, (4) widespread accretion of eolian sand, (5) low pollen influx rates, (6) scarcity of radiocarbon-datable organic remains, and (7) general absence of carbonaceous paleosols. Plant growth may have been much more restricted than generally believed, with relatively low capacity to support grazing animals and human hunting bands.
Tradition and Modernity in the Mediterranean: The Wedding as Symbolic Struggle

Introduction l. The island of Aphrodite 2. Nationalism and the poverty of imagination 3. The weddings of the l930s 4. The meaning of change 5. Distinction and symbolic class struggle 6. Anthropology and the specter of 'monoculture' 7. The dialectics of symbolic domination.
The Sullivan Creek terrane: A composite Jurassic arc assemblage, western Sierra Nevada metamorphic belt, California

Metavolcanic and volcaniclastic rocks of the Sullivan Creek terrane in the Merced River region of the western Sierra Nevada metamorphic belt are the remnants of a submarine magmatic arc of Jurassic age. Metasedimentary assemblages consist predominantly of argillite but include chert-argillite, pebbly mudstone, sandstone, limestone blocks of Paleozoic and Mesozoic age, and volcanic debris. Sandstone framework modal clast compositions indicate a continental provenance. Rocks are characteristically highly deformed and contain a penetrative flattening foliation and a domainal crenulation cleavage. Locally undeformed rocks allow partial reconstruction of the stratigraphy. Crosscutting plutons constrain a minimum age of mid-Jurassic (pre-Callovian); its maximum age is probably Early to Middle Jurassic. Based upon the intermingling of volcanic and clastic detritus, we suggest that the magmatic arc formed near a continental margin. Nearby volcaniclastic and sedimentary rocks compose the Bullion Mountain sequence. In contrast to the Sullivan Creek terrane, the rocks of the Bullion Mountain sequence are largely undeformed. The Bullion Mountain sequence is part of a regionally extensive overlap sequence of Callovian-Oxfordian age emplaced across previously amalgamated pre-Late Jurassic terranes.
EFFECT OF RENAL FAILURE ON LAUDANOSINE EXCRETION IN MAN

Patients with renal failure and undergoing a cadaver renal transplant were found to have plasma concentrations of laudanosine, following the administration of a single bolus dose of atracurium 0.5 mg kg-1, higher than those found in patients without renal failure. Since laudanosine is a known central nervous system stimulant in a variety of animal species, its actions should be investigated further in man, and particularly in patients with renal failure.
Manganese neurotoxicity and glutamate-GABA interaction.

Brain extracellular concentrations of amino acids (e.g. aspartate, glutamate, taurine) and divalent metals (e.g. zinc, copper, manganese) are primarily regulated by astrocytes. Adequate glutamate homeostasis is essential for the normal functioning of the central nervous system (CNS). Glutamate is of central importance for nitrogen metabolism and, along with aspartate, is the primary mediator of the excitatory pathways in the brain. Similarly, the maintenance of proper manganese levels is important for normal brain functioning. Several in vivo and in vitro studies have linked increased manganese concentrations with alterations in the content and metabolism of neurotransmitters, namely dopamine, γ-aminobutyric acid, and glutamate. It has been reported by our laboratory and others, that cultured rat primary astrocytes exposed to manganese displayed decreased glutamate uptake, thereby increasing the excitotoxic potential of glutamate. Furthermore, decreased uptake of glutamate has been associated with decreased gene expression of glutamate:aspartate transporter (GLAST) in manganese-exposed astroctyes. Additional studies have suggested that attenuation of astrocytic glutamate uptake by manganese may be a consequence of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Collectively, these data suggest that excitotoxicity may occur due to manganese-induced altered glutamate metabolism, representing a proximate mechanism for manganese-induced neurotoxicity.
Update on medical overuse

Importance Overuse of medical care, consisting primarily of overdiagnosis and overtreatment, is a common clinical problem. Objective To identify and highlight the most significant clinical articles published in 2013 related to medical overuse. Evidence Review A systematic review of English-language articles published in 2013 that related to medical overuse in adults. Findings We reviewed 478 published articles that met our inclusion criteria. Of these, 126 were ranked most relevant based on quality of methodology, strength of results, potential effects on patient care, and the number of patients potentially affected. The 10 most relevant articles were selected using the same criteria. These 10 articles (organized into the categories overdiagnosis, overtreatment, and methods to avoid overuse) were reviewed and interpreted for their effect on clinical medicine. Conclusions and Relevance The literature on overuse of medical care is rapidly expanding. In 2013, both clinical trials and observational studies highlighted frequently overused or unnecessary care. Overuse of testing causes false-positive results and overdiagnosis. Negative test results do not appear to genuinely reassure patients. Overtreatment, with both medical therapies and procedural interventions, places patients at risk of unnecessary adverse events.
Enrichment of DNA polymerase III activity in a DNA membrane complex purified from Pneumococcus: the possible existence of subcomplexes.

Three DNA polymerase activities, one related to DNA pol III, have been extracted from a DNA membrane complex purified from Streptococcus pneumoniae. DNA pol III was purified 3300-fold, DNA pol II 2800-fold and DNA pol I 1800-fold. Based on inhibition analysis with a drug known to inhibit DNA pol III activity in Gram positive organisms. 6(p-hydroxyphenyl azo) uracil (HpU), 55% of the total DNA polymerase activity is represented by pol III. In contrast, only 3–5% of the total DNA polymerase activity is inhibited by HpU in crude extracts. The purification of the DNA membrane complex from pneumococcus is modified from an earlier procedure (Firshein 1972). The modified procedure results in the separation of three distinct DNA-protein-phospholipid subcomplexes of which the one described above contains most of the radioactivity derived from cells pulsed for a short time with (3H)-thymidine. Proteins are involved in binding DNA in each complex and the conformation of DNA in each complex may be different. All of the subcomplexes contain DNA polymerase activity partially sensitive to HpU. These results provide direct evidence for the structural integrity of a complex that may be involved in DNA replication in vivo.
DNA methylation regulates p27kip1 expression in rodent pituitary cell lines.

We previously reported loss of expression of p27 Kip1 (p27) protein in rat GH 3 and mouse GHRH-CL1 pituitary tumor cells compared with normal pituitary (NP). The molecular basis for the loss of expression of p27 protein in GH 3 and GHRH-CL1 cells is unknown. To determine the role of p27 gene methylation in the regulation of the expression of this cell cycle protein, the methylation patterns of p27 in normal and neoplastic pituitary cells was analyzed. Inhibition of DNA methyltransferase (DNA-MTase) with 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine (AZAdC) induced expression of both p27 protein and mRNA when GH 3 and GHRH-CL1 cells were treated for 7 days in vitro . DNA methylation correlated inversely with the expression of p27 gene products in NP and pituitary tumor cell lines. Bisulfite genomic sequencing analysis showed that the normally unmethylated cytosines in exon 1 in NP and AtT20 cells were extensively methylated in GH 3 and GHRH-CL1 cells. After treatment of GH 3 and GHRH-CL1 cells with 10 μmol/L AZAdC, there were decreased numbers of methylated cytosines (by 60% to 90%) with variable methylation patterns observed by bisulfite genomic sequencing. Analysis of genomic DNA with methylation-sensitive enzymes showed that all Sma I, Hha I, and Ava I enzyme sites of the p27 gene in exon 1 were methylated in GH 3 cells but not in NP, confirming the bisulfite genomic sequencing results. AtT20 cells and a human pituitary null cell adenoma cell line (HP75), which expressed abundant p27, had a methylation pattern similar to the NP. DNA-MTase activity was elevated fourfold in GH 3 cells and twofold in GHRH-CL1 cells compared with DNA-MTase activity in NP and AtT20 cells. These results suggest that increased DNA methylation is another mechanism of silencing of the p27 gene in some pituitary tumors and possibly in other types of neoplasms.
Uranium(VI) Adsorption and Surface Complexation Modeling onto Background Sediments from the F-Area Savannah River Site

The mobility of an acidic uranium waste plume in the F-Area of Savannah River Site is of great concern. In order to understand and predict uranium mobility, U(VI) adsorption experiments were performed as a function of pH using background F-Area aquifer sediments and reference goethite and kaolinite (major reactive phases of F-Area sediments), and a component-additivity (CA) based surface complexation model (SCM) was developed. Our experimental results indicate that the fine fractions (≤45 μm) in sediments control U(VI) adsorption due to their large surface area, although the quartz sands show a stronger adsorption ability per unit surface area than the fine fractions at pH 4.0. Our CA model combines an existing U(VI) SCM for goethite and a modified U(VI) SCM for kaolinite along with estimated relative surface area abundances of these component minerals. The modeling approach successfully predicts ...
Lymphokine-activated killer (LAK)-mediated lysis of sequentially isolated ovarian cancer cell lines.

Yashar CM, Taylor DD, Gibb RK, Gergel-Taylar C. Lymphokine-activated killer (LAK)-mediated lysis of sequentially isolated ovarian cancer cell lines. AJRI 1997; 38:431-437 © Munksgaard, Copenhagen PROBLEM: Understanding immunologic eradication of cancer is hampered by failure to explore tumor evolution. Cell surface molecules may alter with therapy and disease progression. These alterations can translate into variable susceptibility to immune-mediated cell lysis. METHOD OF STUDY: Cell lines from a patient with ovarian carcinoma isolated at surgical debulking (UL-3A), during chemotherapy (UL-3B), and after progression (UL-3C) were used to study changes in cell lysis by natural killer (NK) and lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells. The role of adhesion molecules ICAM-1, LFA-3, and glycoproteins in the demonstrated differential killing was also examined. RESULTS: An inverse relationship between attachment and lysis was demonstrated. UL-3C, the most sensitive to lysis (50%), attached the least lymphocytes (40%), whereas UL-3A, the least sensitive (33%), attached the most lymphocytes (71%). A correlation with ICAM- I and LFA-3 expression was not demonstrated. CONCLUSION: Ovarian cancer cells evolve throughout the disease course, and this may manifest as differential sensitivity to immune-mediated cell lysis.
Polymerization of Nanocrystal Quantum Dot–Tubulin Bioconjugates

Nanocrystal quantum dot (NQD)-tubulin bioconjugates were prepared using a two-step crosslinking procedure. NQD-decorated microtubules were successfully polymerized directly from the NQD-tubulin conjugates to form nonaggregated, full-length (several micrometers) biopolymers. However, polymerization kinetics were slowed in comparison with unmodified tubulin and tubulin modified with small-molecule dyes or biotin. Association with the relatively large nanocrystals, therefore, interferes to some extent with tubulin's ability to polymerize. These results suggest that before NQDs are used extensively as fluorescent labels in studies of biomolecular activity, the impact of NQD bioconjugation must be well understood
A Study of the Impact on Students Understanding Cross Cultural Differences in Software Engineering Work

This is a follow-up to our previous study that presented the details of a program to sensitize students to cultural differences by cultural immersion. In this paper, we studied the impact on the student’s participation in the program with respect to culture and their perspectives on diversity and global business practices in the cross-cultural world of software engineering.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Gag Contains a Dileucine-Like Motif That Regulates Association with Multivesicular Bodies

Multivesicular bodies (MVBs) are cholesterol-enriched organelles formed by the endocytic pathway. The topology of vesicle formation in MVBs is identical to that of retroviral budding from the plasma membrane, and budding of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) into MVBs in macrophages has recently been visualized. The Gag proteins from HIV-1, as well as many other retroviruses, contain short motifs that mediate interactions with MVBs and other endocytic components, suggesting that Gag proteins directly interface with the endocytic pathway. Here, we show that HIV-1 Gag contains an internalization signal that promotes endocytosis of a chimeric transmembrane fusion protein. Mutation of this motif within Gag strongly inhibits virus-like particle production. Moreover, wild-type Gag, but not the internalization-defective mutation, can be induced to accumulate within CD63-positive MVBs by treatment of cells with U18666A, a drug that redistributes cholesterol from the plasma membrane to MVBs. We propose that HIV-1 Gag contains a signal that promotes interaction with the cellular endocytic machinery and that the site of particle production is regulated by the subcellular distribution of cholesterol.
Effects of bone marrow ablation on compartmental prostaglandin synthesis by mononuclear phagocytes.

It is well known that comparisons of populations or compartments of mononuclear phagocytes show considerable diversity of cellular function. In the case of resident-type macrophages (M⌽), such differences are widely believed to result from influences characteristic of individual compartments exerted on less specialized immigrant monocytes following their ongoing influx from the blood into tissues and tissue spaces. In this connection, data supporting the compartmental regulation of M⌽ arachidonic acid metabolism, at least in the pleural and the peritoneal cavities, were recently reported (1). The data we present show that in the spleen, M⌽ arachidonic acid metabolism is in part an expression of regulatory mechanisms at a distant site, the bone marrow. This demonstration required a model of bone marrow ablation and monocyte depletion, the principles of which are described below.
Simultaneous bilateral hypertensive putaminal hemorrhages.

Abstract The simultaneous occurrence of bilateral putaminal hemorrhages is a rare clinical event. We report a case of spontaneous bilateral putaminal hemorrhages in a patient with chronic hypertension and review the clinical presentation and outcome of other reported cases of this type of hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage. All patients have presented with an alteration in level of consciousness, and clinical outcome has been uniformly poor. Simultaneous bilateral putaminal hemorrhages are associated with a poor prognosis. Copyright © 2003 by National Stroke Association
Lymphocyte Membrane Abnormalities in Hypertension

During the past 15 years extensive research in experimental and clinical hypertension has indicated that there are cell membrane abnormalities associated with chronically elevated arterial pressure. Many aspects appear to be altered: cation concentration, cation permeability, active, co-, and countertransport, and calcium binding are some processes that have been examined. These abnormalities have been reported in a number of cell types, e.g., erythrocytes, leukocytes, lymphocytes, platelets, cardiocytes, nerve cells, and hepatocytes, leading to the conclusion that this is a generalized phenomenon in hypertension. Of course, it is recognized that an abnormality in the membrane of these cells may not play a role in the pathogenesis of an elevated arterial pressure. The membranes of these cells are studied because of their possible use as markers for the hypertensive process and because they may reflect similar abnormalities in vascular smooth muscle [1] and regulatory centers in the central nervous system [2] that do influence blood pressure.