cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
On maximal suffixes and constant-space linear-time versions of KMP algorithm

Constant-space linear-time string-matching algorithms are usually very sophisticated. Most of them consist of two phases: (very technical) preprocessing phase and searching phase. An exception is one-phase Crochemore's algorithm (Theoret. Comput. Sci. 92 (1992) 33). It is an on-line version of Knuth-Morris-Pratt algorithm (KMP) with "on-the-fly" computation of pattern shifts (as approximate periods). In this paper we explore further Crochemore's approach, and construct alternative algorithms which are differently structured. In Crochemore's algorithm the approximate-period function is restarted from inside, which means that several internal variables of this function are changing globally, also Crochemore's algorithm strongly depends on the concrete implementation of approximate-periods computation. We present a simple modification of KMP algorithm which works in O(1), space, O(n) time for any function which computes periods or approximate periods in O(1)-space and linear time. The approximate-period function can be treated as a black box. We identify class of patterns, self-maximal words, which are especially well suited for Crochemore-style string matching. A new O(1)-space string-matching algorithm, MaxSuffix-Matching, is proposed in the paper, which gives yet another example of applicability of maximal suffixes.
Soy Beans: Processing

Soybeans can be processed into several different soy ingredients to be used in different food applications. Presently, soybean ingredients that are available in the market for food applications are roasted soy nuts; enzyme-active full-fat soy flour and grits; enzyme-inactive full-fat soy flour and grits, also called toasted full-fat soy flour and grits or heat-treated full-fat soy flour; extruder-processed full-fat soy flour and grits (enzyme-inactive); enzyme-inactive low-fat soy flour or grits; enzyme-active defatted flake/soy flour (90 Protein Dispersability Index (PDI)); defatted soy flake/flour with 70 PDI; defatted soy flake/flour with 20 PDI; lecithinated soy flour; textured soy flour; refatted soy flour; soy concentrates; textured soy concentrates; soy isolates; soy germ; soy isoflavones (mechanically extracted); soy isoflavones chemically extracted; fiber from hulls; soy fiber from cotyledon; organic soy flour and concentrates; and organic soy powder to be used in different foods and beverages. These ingredients are processed based upon their functional properties, which are required in different food systems. To obtain different ingredients from soybeans, each process is optimized and special equipment is used for processing.
The p-type Mg2LixSi0.4Sn0.6 thermoelectric materials synthesized by a B2O3 encapsulation method using Li2CO3 as the doping agent

This paper presents a facile synthetic procedure for p-type Mg2Si0.4Sn0.6 thermoelectric material. The B2O3 encapsulation method was used for synthesis, and Li2CO3 was used as the doping agent. These samples showed electrical conductivities and Seebeck coefficients comparable to samples doped with pure Li, but the MgO produced during the carbonate reaction had significant influence on the lattice thermal conductivity of the materials. A peak ZT ∼ 0.7 was obtained in the Mg2Li0.025Si0.4Sn0.6 sample.
Risk-Based Evaluation of Subsea Pipeline Leak Detection Technologies

Continuous monitoring of subsea pipelines is the best way to detect leaks quickly. A number of systems and technologies exist for this purpose. The present work describes an analytical approach to making decisions related to best technology selection. The proposed approach uses a risk-based methodology for identifying the best technology. The key focus of the present work is to develop a method to quantify uncertainties involved with leak detection technologies on subsea arctic pipelines and use the quantified uncertainty in decision-making. The proposed methodology considers a broad range of factors. It gives an overall risk, as well as, revealing the strengths and weaknesses of the leak detection technologies in different subcategories. The proposed methodology is demonstrated using a case study.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Reproductive Health and HIV: Do International Human Rights Law and Policy Matter?

Protecting reproductive rights is understood to be a critical component of working to ensure reproductive health. Likewise, promotion and protection of human rights is considered key to an effective AIDS response. As HIV and reproductive health are increasingly joined in health and development strategies and initiatives, it is critical that human rights play a central role in these efforts. Still to be achieved is the translation of gender equality, and other forms of equality, into the lived experience of people’s lives. While international human rights law to counteract vulnerability in the context of HIV and reproductive health has evolved slowly, the time is right to translate rhetoric into reality. With due attention to its shortcomings, the corpus of international law and policy to promote and protect reproductive rights in the context of HIV can provide effective tools. Better use of what exists is needed, as is documentation of successful interventions to support replication where possible.
Studies on the Evacuant Action of Ergotamine

The studies of Hatcher and Weiss1 and of Koppanyi2 suggested the presence of a medullary defecation center, or at any rate, the existence of a non-peripheral control of defecation.Investigating the gastro-intestinal actions of graded doses of ergotamine tartrate in intact, unanesthetized dogs and cats, we observed certain facts which further support the assumption of a central control of defecation.Dogs and cats strain and defecate rather promptly following small or moderate intravenous doses of ergotamine tartrate. Doses are given in mgm. × kilogram body weight. In the dog doses of 0.02-0.2 mg. produced prompt and repeated straining and defecation, whereas doses of 0.5 mg. or above were effective only after a considerable delay. (10 min.) In cats, doses of 0.01 and 0.015 mg. also produced straining and defecation whereas doses of 0.1 mg. or higher either produced no defecation or a very delayed response (9-68 min.). Thus in cats the optimum effective doses are somewhat smaller than in dogs. It is also to...
Agonistic Behavior and Territory in the American Redstart

A few essential terms are reviewed. Agonistic behavior is concerned with attack and escape. Individual distance "is an area around a bird, which moves with it, has no topographical reference, and into which no other individual is allowed to come" (Conder, 1949). Displays are defined by Moynihan (1955) as "those peculiarly standardized and often exaggerated performances, including all vocalizations and many movements and postures, which have become specialized and modified as social signals or releasers." Blest (1961) describes ritualization as "the evolutionary process responsible for the existence of interand intra-specific signalling movements." Intention movements are the "incomplete and low intensity movements, so called by Heinroth because they reveal what the animal is 'intending to do' . . ." (Marler, 1956). Tendency is used here in the sense of Hinde given by Marler (1956) as the "readiness to show a particular type of behaviour as observed under natural conditions." The strengths of the attack and escape tendencies are determined by using the methods described by Tinbergen (1959). The first method involves recording what behavior follows a given display if the stimulus situation (i.e., the other bird) remains constant. This method requires many observations of the same display since the stimulus situation often varies in natural encounters. If a display leads to attack 70 per cent of the time and to escape 30 per cent, it can be said that this display is caused by a relatively strong attack tendency in conflict with a weaker escape tendency. Another method involves an analysis of the situations in which the display occurs and is frequently used in this study in combination with the first method. The least reliable method consists of analyzing the form of the display. For instance, if it consists mainly of intention movements to fly from the opponent, one can postulate that it reflects a strong escape tendency. The function of a display is determined by observing the response of the other bird (Tinbergen, 1959). For example, if a certain display by one bird typically causes the second bird to flee or to cease an approach, the display has a threat function.
COMT and ANKK1 Genetics Interact With Depression to Influence Behavior Following Severe TBI: An Initial Assessment.

Objective. Genetic variations in the dopamine (DA) system are associated with cortical-striatal behavior in multiple populations. This study assessed associations of functional polymorphisms in the ankyrin repeat and kinase domain (ANKK1; Taq1a) and catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT; Val158Met) genes with behavioral dysfunction following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Participants. This was a prospective study of 90 survivors of severe TBI recruited from a level 1 trauma center. Main measures. The Frontal Systems Behavior Scale, a self- or family report questionnaire evaluating behavior associated with frontal lobe dysfunction, was completed 6 and 12 months postinjury. Depression was measured concurrently with the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Study participants were genotyped for Val158Met and Taq1a polymorphisms. Results. No statistically significant behavioral differences were observed by Taq1a or Val158Met genotype alone. At 12 months, among those with depression, Met homozygotes (Val158Met) self-re...
A Compensation Strategy for Differentiated Cascaded Current Quality Regulation Device

Due to evident defects of high-capacity FACTS devices such as high manufacturing cost,high power loss and causing strong electromagnetic interference,the compensation capacity of actually applied FACTS device is restricted.When the compensation capacity demanded by power grid is larger than that of the compensation device,how to choose appropriate compensation strategy to achieve optimal compensation effect is significant for practical utilization of compensation devices.The design principle and compensation functions of differentiated cascaded current quality regulation device are presented.Combining the compensation strategy selection with its compensating capability,the merits and demerits of several compensating methods under insufficient compensation capacity are analyzed.It is propose to apply genetic algorithm(GA) in compensating strategy of compensation devices to optimally allocate compensation capacity for different compensating objects to achieve the aim of multi-object coordinative optimization.The availability of the proposed method is verified by practical example.
Unilateral ultra-brief pulse electroconvulsive therapy for depression in Parkinson's disease.

Objectives Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) has demonstrated efficacy in treating core symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD); however, widespread use of ECT in PD has been limited due to concern over cognitive burden. We investigated the use of a newer ECT technology known to have fewer cognitive side effects (right unilateral [RUL] ultra-brief pulse [UBP]) for the treatment of medically refractory psychiatric dysfunction in PD. Materials and methods This open-label pilot study included 6 patients who were assessed in the motoric, cognitive, and neuropsychiatric domains prior to and after RUL UBP ECT. Primary endpoints were changes in total score on the HAM-D-17 and GDS-30 rating scales. Results Patients were found to improve in motoric and psychiatric domains following RUL UBP ECT without cognitive side effects, both immediately following ECT and at 1-month follow-up. Conclusions This study demonstrates that RUL UBP ECT is safe, feasible, and potentially efficacious in treating multiple domains of PD, including motor and mood, without clear cognitive side effects.
Post-Streptococcal Autoimmune Sequelae: Rheumatic Fever and Beyond

Molecular mimicry between the group A streptococcus, heart, and brain is supported by evidence from studies of human mAbs, human T cell clones, and serum IgG antibodies derived from streptococcal sequelae and rheumatic fever (Galvin, Hemric, Ward, & Cunningham, 2000; Kirvan, Swedo, Heuser, & Cunningham, 2003). Human mAbs derived from rheumatic carditis and Sydenham chorea have supported the hypothesis that antibodies against the group A streptococcal carbohydrate epitope GlcNAc recognize cross-reactive structures in the heart and brain, which can lead to rheumatic carditis/rheumatic heart disease and Sydenham chorea, respectively (Galvin, Hemric, Ward, & Cunningham, 2000; Kirvan, Swedo, Heuser, & Cunningham, 2003). The rheumatic valve has been linked to humoral immune responses that attack the endocardium and allow activated T cells cross-reactive with cardiac myosin and streptococcal M protein epitopes to enter through activated VCAM-1+ endothelium at the valve surface (Roberts, et al., 2001). Although a Th1 response was observed by Guilherme et al. in the valve (Guilherme, et al., 2004), Th17 cells have also been recognized to have the potential for importance in the pathogenesis of rheumatic heart disease, where the balance between Th17 and T regulatory lymphocyte subsets was altered in disease that favored the Th17 subset. (Bas, et al., 2014). As early as 1989, Bhatia et al. reported changes in the lymphocyte subsets (Bhatia, et al., 1989). Changes in the subsets may lead to a Th17 predominance in disease with excess antibody production, including the cross-reactive antibodies, as well as the formation of immune complexes. Th17 cells have been established in responses against group A streptococci (Dileepan, Linehan, Moon, Pepper, & Jenkins, 2011; Wang, et al., 2010) and extracellular pathogens. Antibody-mediated neuronal cell signaling may be an important mechanism of antibody pathogenesis in Sydenham chorea, as well as in diseases such as PANDAS and PANS.The emerging theme in mimicry suggests that cross-reactive autoantibodies target intracellular antigens, but to be pathogenic, antibodies must also target the surface antigens of neuronal cells or valve endothelial cells by targeting extracellular matrix proteins on the heart valve, such as laminin (Galvin, Hemric, Ward, & Cunningham, 2000), or binding to receptors such as the dopamine receptors which signal neurons (Cox, et al., 2013) or by other inflammatory effects caused by immune complexes of cross-reactive antibodies (Nelson, et al., 2015; Zhang, et al., 2002).
The Deductibility of Fines, Penalties, and Restitution Related to Illegal Activities

ABSTRACT: Determining the deductibility of fines, penalties, settlements, and other forms of restitution paid by taxpayers as a result of violations of criminal and civil law fall under a number of sometimes conflicting code sections, IRS pronouncements, and case law. In this article, we discuss the deductibility of fines, penalties, and other forms of restitution under the provisions of IRC Section 162(f) and the violation of public policy doctrine. Since some taxpayers attempt to capitalize the expenditures rather than deduct them, we also discuss the application of Sections 263 and 263A to these payments. If a taxpayer incurs expenditures in a transaction not part of a trade or business, then the deduction of the expenditure is controlled by Section 165. The application of the violation of public policy doctrine and Section 162(f) to Section 165 are also evaluated. Following the discussion of the current cases and rulings, we recommend several changes in tax law that will clarify and simplify when expe...
Tumor Staging Systems and Prognostic Stratification

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the 2nd most common cancer diagnosed worldwide. While overall cure rates are excellent, 2–5 % of tumors recur, metastasize, and cause death. Generally accepted risk factors for recurrence and metastasis include size > 2 cm, depth beyond Clark’s Level IV or V, poorly differentiated or undifferentiated histology, location on the lip, location on the ear, perineural invasion (PNI), recurrent tumors, and tumors occurring in an immunosuppressed host. These risk factors have served as the foundation for the development of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) and International Union Against Cancer (UICC) staging systems, as well as National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) Clinical Practice Guidelines for cutaneous SCC.
Thermochemistry and Geometries for Transition-Metal Chemistry from the Random Phase Approximation

Performance of the random phase approximation (RPA) is tested for thermochemistry and geometries of transition-metal chemistry using various benchmarks obtained either computationally or experimentally. Comparison is made to popular (semi)local meta- and hybrid density functionals as well as to the second-order Moller–Plesset perturbation theory (MP2) and its spin-component-scaled derivatives. The benchmark sets include reaction energies, barrier heights, and dissociation energies of prototype bond-activation reactions, dissociation energies for a set of large transition-metal complexes, bond lengths and dissociation energies of metal hydride ions, and bond lengths and angles of a set of closed-shell first-row transition-metal complexes. The emphasis is on first-row transition-metal chemistry, though for energies, elements beyond the first-row are included. Attention is paid to the basis set convergence of RPA. For thermochemistry, RPA performs on par or better than the density functional theory (DFT) fun...
Gundersen’s Conjunctival Flap

The Gundersen’s conjunctival flap involves the transposition of conjunctiva over a deepithelialized cornea. Patients with refractory infectious ulcerations, ocular surface disorders with persistent epithelial defect, neurotrophic ulcer, severe dry eye conditions, exposure keratopathy, refractory stromal thinning, peripheral ulcerative keratitis, bullous keratopathy in an eye with poor visual potential, or Mooren’s ulcer can be considered for this procedure. Patients should have been evaluated and deemed appropriate for such surgical intervention. Patients should have been educated about the risks and benefits of the procedure, including alternatives.
A comparison of the effects of water-level policies on the availability of walleye spawning habitat in a boreal reservoir

ABSTRACTPapenfuss JT, Cross T, Venturelli PA. 2018. A comparison of the effects of water-level policies on the availability of walleye spawning habitat in a boreal reservoir. Lake Reserv Manage. 34:321–333.Water levels in reservoirs can affect the quantity and quality of the habitat that is available for spawning fish and their eggs. We studied how a change in the water-level management policy (“rule curve”) in 2000 affected the availability of walleye (Sander vitreus) spawning habitat in 3 lakes (Kabetogama, Namakan, and Sand Point) that make up a large, boreal reservoir between Canada and the United States. According to observed water-level data, available spawning habitat on known Lake Kabetogama spawning sites increased 95% (P < 0.01) with the 2000 rule curve, but did not change on Namakan or Sand Point lake spawning sites. However, when using modeled water-level data to control for confounding weather events, habitat availability at known spawning sites increased significantly (P < 0.01) on all 3 lak...
The Deleterious Effects of NCAA Division I Programs: A Comparison of the Current Activities of Student-Athletes of Two Different Division Schools Through the Prism of the Wellness Paradigm

The majority of American student-athletes participate in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) programs. Those programs are categorized into three different Divisions, which demonstrate differences in athletic scholarship support, level of competition, and philosophy. Among them, Division III (DIII) institutions account for the highest percentage of schools who play collegiate sports, followed by Division I (DI). Recent events and evidence on depression and suicide, anxiety, disordered eating and eating disorders, and substance use and abuse have raised awareness on mental health difficulties in this specific population of young adults. The purpose of this study is to add to the current state of knowledge by investigating whether there are differences in the promotion of a wellness lifestyle between a DI and a DIII university. Using an online interview created by Cote, Ericcson, and Law (2005) all student athletes from both Rice University (DI) and State University of New York (SUNY) at Plattsburgh (DIII) were recruited via email. Sixty-three participated from Rice and 90 from SUNY Plattsburgh. The response rate was 17% and 29%, respectively. Descriptive statistics and parametric tests were used in data analysis. By comparing these two case studies, differences with statistical significance were found in the current activities of sleeping, socializing, school/career, and studying. These differences infer that a DIII school may be promoting a wellness lifestyle more than a DI school. Possible limitations are the use of unequal samples and self-reported data. Future research on comparing more cases of different Division schools is recommended.
Achievement Goal Orientation for Athletic Training Education: Preparing for Lifelong Learning.

Objective: This review of literature presents the theoretical framework of goal orientation and student achievement from a pedagogical perspective while providing practical applications and implications for integrating goal orientation into athletic training education programs. Data Sources: Selected literature derived from EBSCO, Education Abstracts, CINAHL, PsychInfo and ERIC databases from 1980 to 2005 was reviewed. Key words for the search included achievement goal orientation, achievement motivation, and student engagement. Data Synthesis: Literature from educational psychology and pedagogy were reviewed to present k ey issues related to achievement goal orientation. The review addressed achievement goal theory relative to student engagement, task persistence, and adaptive behaviors. Additionally, implications for athletic training educators were generated for both didactic and clinical settings. Conclusions/Recommendations: Achievement goal orientation has profound implications on student learning and student achievement. Athletic training e ducators m ust be careful to create educational environments which foster self- regulated l earning. Activities t hat assist students wi th go al construction and that monitor student progress toward a designated goal in the classroom and clinical settings should be of primary importance to athletic training educators. In a profession that requires lifelong learning; fostering strong achievement goals t hrough student-centered a ctivities can enhance the professional development of the student throughout the curriculum and beyond.
Business strategies for corrosion control in fleet maintenance

Abstract: This chapter provides guidance into the business strategy for corrosion concerns in fleet management, starting with acquisition and continuing through sustainment. It discusses the importance of training of personnel, as well as corrosion and costs tracking as important metrics for monitoring a fleet’s corrosion management program. Means of communicating ideas and exchanging information on corrosion with other organizations are also presented.
The Relationship Between International Monetary Fund Law and European Union Law: Influence, Impact, Effect, and Interaction

The International Monetary Fund is an international financial organisation with a global membership of 187 member countries. The EU is not a member of the IMF but all EU Member States are. This chapter analyses the relationship between IMF law and EU law to assess the extent of IMF law’s influence on, impact on, effect on, and interaction with EU law. Specifically, the chapter analyses: (i) the possible direct binding effect on the EU of certain obligations under the IMF’s Articles—that IMF member countries have undertaken—in light of EU jurisprudence; (ii) the indirect effect on the EU of certain rights and obligations under the IMF’s Articles that EU Member States may exercise or are subject to; and (iii) the existence of other areas of interaction between IMF law and EU law in which similar concepts have been used, or IMF practice or its policy positions have had some influence on EU law.
High-flexion knee designs : More hype than hope? In opposition

High-Flexion knee designs are emerging to allow a safe prosthetic environment to facilitate higher ranges of motion than designs of the past. Early biomechanical and clinical data support this effort.
A Computational Framework for Nonlinear Dimensionality Reduction and Clustering

We introduce the Exploration Machine (Exploratory Observation Machine, XOM) as a novel versatile instrument for scientific data analysis and knowledge discovery. XOM systematically inverts structural and functional components of topology-preserving mappings. In contrast to conventional approaches known from the literature, this novel computational framework for self-organization does not require to incorporate additional graphical display or coloring techniques, or to modify topology-preserving mapping algorithms by additional regularization in order to recover the underlying cluster structure of inhomogeneously distributed input data. Thus, XOM can be seen as an approach to bridge the gap between nonlinear embedding and classical topology-preserving feature mapping. At the same time, XOM results in tremendous computational savings when compared to conventional topology-preserving mapping, thus allowing for direct structure-preserving visualization of large data collections without prior data reduction.
Method of establishing breast cancer brain metastases affects brain uptake and efficacy of targeted, therapeutic nanoparticles

HER2-targeted therapies effectively control systemic disease, but their efficacy against brain metastases is hindered by their low penetration of the blood-brain and blood-tumor barriers (BBB and BTB). We investigate brain uptake and antitumor efficacy of transferrin receptor (TfR)-targeted, therapeutic nanoparticles designed to transcytose the BBB/BTB in three murine models. Two known models involving intracranial (IC) or intracardiac (ICD) injection of human breast cancer cells were employed, as was a third model developed here involving intravenous (IV) injection of the cells to form whole-body tumors that eventually metastasize to the brain. We show the method of establishing brain metastases significantly affects therapeutic BBB/BTB penetration. Free drug accumulates and delays growth in IC- and ICD-formed brain tumors, while non-targeted nanoparticles show uptake and inhibition only in IC-established metastases. TfR-targeted nanoparticles accumulate and significantly delay growth in all three models, suggesting the IV model maintains a more intact BBB/BTB than the other models.
Examining the variation in local water sustainability practices

Abstract As sustainable development is becoming more important to ensure the economic success and social well-being of any government, without regard to its level, the efficient use and protection of natural resources has increased in importance. And local governments are at the forefront of developing sustainability policy in many ways. This study investigates the factors that influence the variation in local sustainability practices in one critical area, water conservation. The variation in adoption of water sustainability programs in municipalities across the U.S. is hypothesized to rely on three key factors: environmental condition, form of government, and fiscal condition. Our findings from an ordered logistic regression model indicate that municipalities with high drought level, high environmental policy priorities, and high community wealth are likely to adopt more water conservation programs.
Early College High Schools at Scale: Using Administrative Data to Assess the Impacts of an Educational Intervention on Voting and Crime

Early college high schools (ECHS) are small schools of choice which provide students with the opportunity to earn, at no financial cost to them, two years of transferable college credit or an associate's degree while simultaneously satisfying high school graduation requirements. This promising intervention is aimed at smoothing the transition from high school to college for under-represented minorities and students from economically disadvantaged backgrounds. There are about 80 ECHS in North Carolina, although the model is implemented in many other states as well. While much is known from prior research about the impacts of the intervention on educational attainment, nothing is known about longer term outcomes such as employment, wages, criminal involvement, and voting behavior. The present study will briefly describe the data collection process, research methods, and preliminary findings on the effects of the intervention on voting and criminal conviction in North Carolina. We will also present results on whether impacts on long term civic outcomes are mediated by educational attainment. Quasi-experimental impacts have been validated against impacts generated from a randomized controlled trial of the same intervention in a subset of the sites during the same time period. The team assembled personally-identified population level statewide administrative data on all NC high school students (including ECHS) and linked it to records housed at community colleges, universities, the Department of Public Safety (incarceration), and Board of Elections (voting). Together this effort comprises one of the more comprehensive administrative data collection efforts linking student level K-12, postsecondary, and longer-term outcomes.
Transcriptional and Epigenetic Regulation of Microglia in Health and Disease

Microglia are the resident immune cells that maintain brain homeostasis and contribute to neurodegenerative disorders. Recent studies of microglia at transcriptomic and epigenetic levels revealed specific molecular pathways that regulate microglia development, maturation, and reactive states. The transcription factor PU.1 plays a key role in regulating several microglial functions. Environmental factors such as microbiota, early life stress, and maternal immune activation can dysregulate PU.1 and innate immune response. This review discusses the epigenetic regulation of key transcriptional factors in human and murine microglia, highlighting their networks for shaping the microglial function. PU.1 and other microglia-specific transcriptional factors can be further studied to determine their therapeutic applications in neurologic disorders.
Comparison of smartphone ophthalmoscopy vs conventional direct ophthalmoscopy as a teaching tool for medical students: the COSMOS study.

Purpose To investigate the utility of smartphone ophthalmology for medical students for learning fundoscopy compared with direct ophthalmoscopy. Methods After 1 hour of didactic instruction on ophthalmoscopy, second-year medical students in a small group setting were randomized to start training with the direct ophthalmoscope vs smartphone ophthalmoscope and crossed over to the other instrument through the session. Main outcome measures Ability to visualize the optic nerve and retinal blood vessels in an undilated pupil as well as a survey evaluating ease of use, confidence, and ability to visualize the optic nerve with the two instruments. Results One hundred and one medical students participated. Significantly more medical students were able to visualize the optic nerve with the smartphone ophthalmoscope vs the direct ophthalmoscope in an undilated pupil (82.3% vs 48.5%, P<0.0001). Students reported a more positive experience with the smartphone ophthalmoscope, specifically regarding ease of use (median of 4 vs 3; P<0.0001), their confidence in performing ophthalmoscopy (median of 4 vs 3; P<0.0001), and their ability to visualize features of the optic nerve (median 4 vs 3; P<0.0001). A significant number of participants preferred the smartphone ophthalmoscope over the traditional direct ophthalmoscope for learning how to identify the optic disc and for evaluating patients (78.2% and 77.2%, respectively; P<0.0001). Conclusion Smartphone ophthalmoscopy may serve as a useful adjunctive tool to teach direct ophthalmoscopy as well as being an alternative for examining the fundus for noneye care physicians.
Increased levels of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) following focal brain injury

Focal injury to the mammalian central nervous system (CNS) results in a cascade of cellular responses - including glial and capillary proliferation and neural sprouting - that contribute to the repair of neural tissue and to the recovery of neurological function. Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are heparin-binding polypeptides with potent trophic effects on CNS glia, endothelia, and neurons; both acidic and basic forms are found in the mammalian CNS. We used heparin-affinity chromatography coupled to Balb/c 3T3 mitogenic assay to show a marked increase in levels of bioactive FGFs in tissue surrounding focal cortical lesions of the mature rat brain at one week after injury. Heparin-affinity HPLC showed that this increase was due to a large increase in levels of basic FGF (bFGF), and a much smaller increase in levels of acidic FGF (aFGF) after injury. Increased bFGF bioactivity was paralleled by increased levels of immunoreactive bFGF, as assessed by Western blotting techniques. Increased bFGF levels may play an important role in the cascade of cellular reactions occurring after focal brain injury.
Multipartite optimized correlation measures and holography

We explore ways to quantify multipartite correlations, in quantum information and in holography. We focus on optimized correlation measures, linear combinations of entropies minimized over all possible purifications of a state that satisfy monotonicity conditions. These contain far more information about correlations than entanglement entropy alone. We present a procedure to derive such quantities and construct a menagerie of symmetric optimized correlation measures on three parties. These include tripartite generalizations of the entanglement of purification, the squashed entanglement, and the recently introduced $Q$ correlation and $R$ correlation. Some correlation measures vanish only on product states and, thus, quantify both classical and quantum correlations; others vanish on any separable state, capturing quantum correlations alone. We then use a procedure motivated by the surface-state correspondence to construct holographic duals for the correlation measures as linear combinations of bulk surfaces. The geometry of the surfaces can preserve, partially break, or fully break the symmetry of the correlation measure. The optimal purification is encoded in the locations of certain points, whose locations are fixed by constraints on the areas of combinations of surfaces. This gives a new concrete connection between information theoretic quantities evaluated on a boundary state and detailed geometric properties of its dual.
Unusual Cause of Severe Tricuspid Regurgitation: Tricuspid Leaflet Annular Tear Following Remote Motor Vehicle Accident.

Abstract Tricuspid regurgitation (TR) is an uncommon and underdiagnosed complication of blunt chest trauma. Typical mechanisms include torn chordae, papillary muscle rupture, and radial leaflet tea...
Regional and temporal variation in receipt of long-term opioid therapy among older breast, colorectal, lung, and prostate cancer survivors in the United States

BACKGROUND Older cancer survivors have high rates of long-term opioid therapy (≥90 days/year). However, the geographical and temporal variation in long-term opioid therapy rates for older cancer survivors is not known. METHODS A retrospective cohort study was conducted using SEER-Medicare data. Persons aged ≥66 years, diagnosed with breast, colorectal, lung, or prostate cancer from 1991 to 2011, and alive ≥5 years after diagnosis were included. Persons were followed from 1/1/2008 until 12/31/2016. Persons were assigned to a census region in their state of residence each year. Individuals who were covered by an opioid prescription for at least 90 days in a calendar year were classified as having received long-term opioid therapy. Multivariable analysis was conducted using generalized estimating equations. RESULTS Temporal trends significantly varied by region (p < 0.0001) and opioid-naive status (p < 0.0001). Compared to 2013, opioid-naive cancer survivors in the south and non-naive survivors in the south and west experienced significant declines in long-term opioid therapy in 2015 and 2016. Significant declines were observed in 2016 for opioid-naive and non-naive cancer survivors residing in the northeast and among opioid-naive cancer survivors living in the Midwest. CONCLUSION The annual trends in the receipt of long-term opioid therapy significantly varied by region among older cancer survivors. Variation in a clinical practice suggests the need for more research and interventions to improve efficiency, process, cost, and quality of care.
The Role of Hybrid Public-Private Regulation in Reducing Cross-Border Conflict

This paper is the final chapter of a longer project that develops a framework for examining conflicts in cross-border economic regulation. That project classifies different categories of conflict — substantive, procedural, and political — and examines each in turn, engaging in a nuanced analysis of cross-border regulation as it is practiced by different institutions. In particular, it focuses on the challenges posed by private enforcement, which often involves multiple forms of conflict. This chapter investigates the possibilities for integrating private enforcement more effectively into the transnational regulatory environment. It begins with the role of private enforcement in hybrid systems — that is, regulatory regimes that utilize both public and private enforcement resources. It investigates whether private litigation can be more strategically incorporated into the overall scheme of economic regulation, considering both structural interactions between public and private enforcement (e.g., is evidence provided to public regulators accessible by private plaintiffs?) and functional conflicts (e.g., does the availability of a private cause of action undermine an agency’s leniency program?). It then turns to hybrid mechanisms — that is, individual enforcement processes (such as qui tam actions and parens patriae statutes) that blend public and private elements. The chapter proposes that hybrid forms of regulation may be able to leverage private enforcement resources without generating the degree of conflict that traditional private enforcement typically creates in the transnational arena.
Methodological and Conceptual Concerns about the Meta-Analysis and Primary Studies Reported by Jachimowicz, Wihler, Bailey and Galinksy (2018)

Jachimowicz, Wihler, Bailey and Galinksy (2018) present the results of a three-study investigation into the moderating influence of passion on the perseverance-performance relationship. In this manuscript I outline my concerns about the appropriateness of their methodology and analysis and the validity of their inferences. Where possible I re-analyze their data in a more appropriate manner and show that the original inferences are not supported.
Perplexity, global disorder, Catalonia and Albert Garcia Elena’s poetry

Albert Garcia Elena’s two books of poetry from 2017, Silur d’amagatotis and Totem ordre, constitute an extraordinary aesthetic response to a contemporary situation of permanent crisis. This crisis ...
Relation Algebras for Reasoning about Time and Space

This paper presents a brief introduction to relation algebras, including some examples motivated by work in computer science, namely, the ‘interval algebras’, relation algebras that arose from James Allen’s work on temporal reasoning, and by ‘compass algebras’, which are designed for similar reasoning about space. One kind of reasoning problem, called a ‘constraint satisfaction problem’, can be defined for arbitrary relation algebras. It will be shown here that the constraint satisfiability problem is NP-complete for almost all compass and interval algebras.
Structural Response to Stationary Excitation

Stationary responses of single-and multi-degree-of-freedom structures subjected to stationary input excitations are studied. Using a modal superposition prodedure, closed-form solutions for the first three spectral moments of response to white-noise and filtered white-noise inputs are derived. These solutions are in terms of cross-modal contributions and explicitly account for the correlation between modal responses of multi-degree structures; thus, they are applicable to structures with closely spaced frequencies. Speical attention is given a excitations which are typical of earthquake ground motions. Various quantities of response can be obtained in terms of the three spectral moments. These include mean zero-crossing rate and mean, variance, and distribution of peak response over a specified duration. In this regard, improved, semi-empirical relations for the mean and variance of the peak of a stationary Gaussian process are developed. Results from study demonstrate range of applicability of white-noise model as an approximation for wide-band inputs.
Chronic eosinophilic pneumonia: a cause of adult respiratory distress syndrome.

ABSTRACT:It is important that physicians not overlook the diagnosis of chronic eosinophilic pneumonia (CEP), since this disorder is readily reversible with corticosteroid therapy. Six patients with CEP were seen at our institution between 1979 and 1983. We present their clinical features, chest film
A Survey on Wind Turbine Condition Monitoring and Fault Diagnosis—Part I: Components and Subsystems

This paper provides a comprehensive survey on the state-of-the-art condition monitoring and fault diagnostic technologies for wind turbines (WTs). The Part I of this survey briefly reviews the existing literature surveys on the subject, discusses the common failure modes in the major WT components and subsystems, briefly reviews the condition monitoring and fault diagnostic techniques for these components and subsystems, and specifically discusses the issues of condition monitoring and fault diagnosis for offshore WTs.
Muscleblind-Like 1 and Muscleblind-Like 3 Depletion Synergistically Enhances Myotonia by Altering Clc-1 RNA Translation.

Abstract Loss of Muscleblind-like 1 (Mbnl1) is known to alter Clc-1 splicing to result in myotonia. Mbnl1 ΔE3/ΔE3 /Mbnl3 ΔE2 mice, depleted of Mbnl1 and Mbnl3, demonstrate a profound enhancement of myotonia and an increase in the number of muscle fibers with very low Clc-1 currents, where gCl max values approach ~1mS/cm 2 , with the absence of a further enhancement in Clc-1 splice errors, alterations in polyA site selection or Clc-1 localization. Significantly, Mbnl1 ΔE3/ΔE3 /Mbnl3 ΔE2 muscles demonstrate an aberrant accumulation of Clc-1 RNA on monosomes and on the first polysomes. Mbnl1 and Mbnl3 bind Clc-1 RNA and both proteins bind Hsp70 and eEF1A, with these associations being reduced in the presence of RNA. Thus binding of Mbnl1 and Mbnl3 to Clc-1 mRNA engaged with ribosomes can facilitate an increase in the local concentration of Hsp70 and eEF1A to assist Clc-1 translation. Dual depletion of Mbnl1 and Mbnl3 therefore initiates both Clc-1 splice errors and translation defects to synergistically enhance myotonia. As the HSA LR model for myotonic dystrophy (DM1) shows similar Clc-1 defects, this study demonstrates that both splice errors and translation defects are required for DM1 pathology to manifest. Research in context Research in context: Myotonic Dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is a dominant disorder resulting from the expression of expanded CUG repeat RNA, which aberrantly sequesters and inactivates the muscleblind-like (MBNL) family of proteins. In mice, inactivation of Mbnl1 is known to alter Clc-1 splicing to result in myotonia. We demonstrate that concurrent depletion of Mbnl1 and Mbnl3 results in a synergistic enhancement of myotonia, with an increase in muscle fibers showing low chloride currents. The observed synergism results from the aberrant accumulation of Clc-1 mRNA on monosomes and the first polysomes. This translation error reflects the ability of Mbnl1 and Mbnl3 to act as adaptors that recruit Hsp70 and eEF1A to the Clc-1 mRNA engaged with ribosomes, to facilitate translation. Thus our study demonstrates that Clc-1 RNA translation defects work coordinately with Clc-1 splice errors to synergistically enhance myotonia in mice lacking Mbnl1 and Mbnl3.
An IEEE standard for waveform recorders

IEEE Standard 1057 has received final approval. This standard specifies performance parameters and their measurement techniques for digital waveform recorders. These parameters and test methods are also applicable to characterizing analog-to-digital converters, and this document can be used as an interim standard until a separate standard for ADC evaluation is completed. This presentation describes the major points of the standard and presents sample results from its procedures. A User's Guide and software toolkit are in preparation.
Mediating a Soundwalk: An Exercise in Claireaudience.

This article details the use of field recorders as part of a soundwalk intended to make listening itself an object of scrutiny. A soundwalk is an outing wherein one concentrates on listening to certain aspects of the soundscape, just as one might take a guided tour to admire the landscape. However, as scholars of sound and listening are well aware, hearing is a secondary sense. Therefore, this activity is designed to push sound to the foreground by remediating sounds through headphones. While this was conceived for teaching basic production skills, its aim to foster critical practices of and discourse on listening should be of broader pedagogical interest and application. In this exercise, students experience listening as a microphone does, without intentionality or judgment, and with great sensitivity. The purpose is to introduce students to a critical listening technique allowing them to overcome their cultural conditioning, to become conscious of sound as such, and to recognize that one's ears do more ...
Analysis of the immunomodulatory properties of the secretin-glucagon family of peptides on mouse lymphoid cell functions and the demonstration of specific receptors on T cells.

The ability of members of the secretin-glucagon family of peptides to modulate the responses of mouse lymphoid cells stimulated with Concanavalin A (Con A), Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and alloantigens was determined. It was observed that vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and peptide having NH2-terminal histidine and COOH-terminal Isoleucine (PHI) inhibited the incorporation of 3H-methyl-thymidine by cells stimulated with Con A (55% inhibition) or alloantigen-bearing cells (40% inhibition). Secretin was approximately 10,000 less effective as an immunomodulator. Other members of the neuropeptide family, including glucagon and gastric inhibitory peptide, were ineffective in affecting mitogenesis elicited by Con A (20% inhibition). Lipopolysaccaride stimulated spleen cells were refractory to modulation by all members of the secretin-glucagon family of peptides (less than 5% modulation). The inhibition measured was concentration dependent over the range of 10−6 to 10−16 M. A peptide fragment of VIP encompassin...