cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
New observations on the fine structure of the liver in goldfish (Carassius auratus).

A re-examination of goldfish liver was made through the use of SEM of fractured samples and TEM of ultrathin-sections and freeze-etch replicas. Several new hepatic fine structures described in the present study are morphologically similar to those reported previously in many higher vertebrates including mammals. Hepatic sinusoids of goldfish contain fenestrations which are arranged into sieve plates. Although the hepatic plates are made up of two layers of hepatocytes, the parenchymal cells of goldfish liver are morphologically similar to mammalian hepatocytes, particularly with respect to the sinusoidal surfaces which are studded with numerous microvilli. The intercellular surfaces of hepatocytes have both nexus and desmosomal junctions, similar to those found in various epithelial cells of higher vertebrates, as cell attachments and communication foci. Tight junctions are found mainly between the openings of the intracellular bile canaliculi and the intralobular bile ductules which are situated in the center of the bicellular hepatic plate.
A brief cognitive assessment for use with schizophrenia patients in community clinics

Cognitive impairment is a prominent feature of schizophrenia. The availability of very brief measures may increase the use of cognitive assessment in routine care settings. We examined the reliability and validity of the brief cognitive assessment (BCA), a battery that takes approximately 15 min to administer and score, and that was designed to be sensitive to changes in cognition with novel antipsychotics. The BCA was administered to 340 outpatients on two occasions, 3 months apart. A sub-sample of subjects received a full battery of cognitive tests (n=97) and additional measures of functional outcome. Results indicated that the BCA had very good test–retest reliability and inter-item consistency. Moreover, the BCA was strongly correlated with a comprehensive battery (r=0.72; p<0.0001) which took 8 to 10 times longer to administer. Finally, both cognitive batteries were correlated similarly with measures of community functioning. Changes over time for individual patients can be interpreted in the context of normative data available for each test in the BCA. The data provide preliminary evidence for the reliability and validity of the BCA. Further studies examining the utility of the BCA for tracking changes in cognitive functioning with treatment are encouraged.
Peptidyl chemosensors incorporating a fret mechanism for detection of Ni(II)

Hexapeptides incorporating two fluorophores flanking a tripeptide sequence that binds Ni(II) and Cu(II) with high affinity have been synthesized. While Cu(II) quenches the fluorescence of the resulting peptides, coordination of Ni(II) enables enhanced FRET (fluorescent resonance energy transfer) from one fluorophore to the other.
Beyond Ethnography: Anthropology as Nominalism

Much has been made (a good deal of it salutary) of the experimental moment in anthropology, of a heightened awareness of the text, of discourse, of the anthropologist as ethnographer and critic, of a postmodern polyphony of voices, of the end of meta-narratives, of dispersal and subversion, of metaphors and allegories and tropes, of Orient and Occident. Meanwhile. And what if anthropology has not dispersed into ethnography, voices not displaced analyses, tropes not triumphed over concepts'? What if Anthropology-the study of Man, that being who is the subject and object of her own knowledge-proved more enduring than the dulcet denunciations, the muddlers through, and the tropification of the tropics? The articles presented here suggest such a possibility. In order to introduce them we turn first to Michel Foucault, a figure absent from Anthropology as Cultural Critique.' In 1961, Foucault published his major thesis for the doctorat es lettres, Histoire de lafolie a l'age classique as well as a these complementaire entitled Introduction to Kant's Anthropology, a commentary on Kant's Anthropology from a Pragmatic Point of View (translated by Foucault). Throughout his university career Kant taught only two courses with regularity: physical geography, the world as nature (quite popular with students), offered for over 30 years starting in 1756; and anthropology, the world as human, offered for the last 25 years of his teaching career, starting in 1772-73. The Anthropology was published only in 1798, shortly after Kant retired (Foucault 1961). Although Kant's admittedly curious anthropology has not been the subject of extended commentary in contemporary histories of the discipline of critical social thought (Norbert Elias (1982) does indeed mention it), Foucault privileged its potential modernity, seeing in it a refraction of Kant's three critiques on the level of a pragmatics of the everyday. Pragmatic is the key word. Kant distinguishes the practical point of view, which treats the moral community of thinking beings (esprits), from the juridical point of view, which treats civil society as composed of lawful subjects, from the pragmatic which treats man as a "citizen of the world," as a concrete universal (Foucault 1961:27). Foucault concluded that Kant's Anthropology occupied a strategic position since it treated a critical truth about Man-the irreducible reality of the diverse forms of the concrete-the daughter, as the phrase goes in French, of the
Timing oscillation in human visual imagery

Following the work of Weber & Castleman (1970), who found a time period of about 500 msec for the successive production in imagery of letters of the alphabet, an imaginal task less cognitive in nature was timed. Twenty-four Ss in a CFF study attempted to match the rate of flicker of a subfusional light in visual imagery. The modal ability for imagining flicker is about 250 msec in period.
Nontraditional Banking Activities and Bank Failures During the Financial Crisis

There is general agreement among bank researchers that revenues from fee-based activities are more volatile than revenues from more traditional interest-based (loans and deposits) activities. We test whether noninterest income was a determining factor in the hundreds of U.S. commercial bank failures during the financial crisis. We separate noninterest income into three categories: fee income from traditional banking activities like deposit accounts and lines of credit; fee-for-service income from nontraditional activities like brokerage and insurance, and stakeholder income from nontraditional activities that require banks to make asset investments. We find that fee-for-service income significantly and substantially reduced the probability that healthy banks failed or became financially distressed, while stakeholder income significantly and substantially increased the probability that distressed banks failed. These results indicate that the risk-return characteristics of noninterest income vary in idiosyncratic ways that have not been recognized or accounted for in prior research. Our results also suggest that bank capital charges should be larger, and supervisory responses at distressed banks should be prompter, for banks that engage in what we define here as stakeholder activities.
Prevalence of asthma by industry and occupation in the U.S. working population.

Background Workers are potentially exposed to asthmagens daily. Our study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of asthma among working adults in the U.S. by industry and occupation. Methods Using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2001–2004), multiple logistic regression was used to investigate associations between industry and occupation and current asthma as defined by positive responses to “Has a doctor or other health professional ever told you that you have asthma?” and “Do you still have asthma?” Results Workers in mining (17.0%), health-related industries (12.5%), teaching (13.1%), or in health-related occupations (12.6%) had the highest prevalence of asthma. As compared to construction industry workers, workers in mining (aOR = 5.2, 95% CI: 1.1–24.2) or health-related (aOR = 2.3, 95% CI: 1.1–4.8) industries had significantly higher odds of asthma. Conclusion Our study adds to the increasing evidence that miners, healthcare workers and teachers remain high-risk working populations and appropriate evaluation and control measures are needed to protect these workers. Am. J. Ind. Med. 53:463–475, 2010. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Collaboration, information, and preservation: The role of expertise in farmland preservation task forces

Collaboration between agencies, private groups, and citizens in the field of natural resource management is generally seen as a productive strategy in challenging management situations. Collaborative management is particularly appealing in efforts like farmland preservation, which depend for their success on local initiative and support. However, such partnerships may create new dilemmas about the appropriate use of information in management. This paper analyzes the use of information by 15 county-wide Farmland Preservation task forces in the state of Ohio, U.S.A.
Comments on Antarctic long-duration balloon flights

Abstract Based on JACEE experience, several suggestions are made for new approaches to Antarctic balloon flights to collect data on cosmic ray spectra. Optimizing detector designs for likelihood of successful flight and recovery, facilities for realtime data download, integration of detector and flight support equipment, opportunities for interagency and international cooperation are among the topics discussed.
Design, modeling and fabrication of a constant flow pneumatic micropump

This paper characterizes a bi-directional pneumatic diaphragm micropump and presents a model for performance of an integrated fluidic capacitor. The fluidic capacitor is used to convert pulsatile flow into a nearly continuous flow stream. The pump was fabricated in acrylic using a CNC mill. The stroke volume of the pump is ~1 µL. The pump is self-priming, bubble tolerant and insensitive to changes in head pressure and pneumatic pressure within its operating range. The pump achieves a maximum flow rate of 5 mL min−1 against zero head pressure. With pneumatic pressure set to 40 kPa, the pump can provide flow at 2.6 mL min−1 against a head pressure of 25 kPa. A nonlinear model for the capacitor was developed and compared with experimental results. The ratio of the time constant of the capacitor to the cycle time of the pump is shown to be an accurate indicator of capacitor performance and a useful design tool.
Utilization of targeted array comparative genomic hybridization, MitoMet®, in prenatal diagnosis of metabolic disorders

Metabolic disorders are inborn errors that often present in the neonatal period with a devastating clinical course. If not treated promptly, these diseases can result in severe, irreversible disease or death. Determining the molecular defects in metabolic diseases is important in providing a definitive diagnosis for patient management. Therefore, prenatal diagnosis for families with known mutations causing metabolic disorders is crucial for timely intervention. Here we present three families in which standard Sanger sequencing failed to provide a definitive diagnosis, but the detection of genomic deletions by array comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) specifically targeted to mitochondrial and metabolic disease genes, MitoMet®, was fundamental in providing accurate prenatal diagnosis. In addition, to our knowledge, two deletions are the smallest detected by oligonucleotide array CGH reported for their respective genes, OTC and ARG1. These data highlight the importance of targeted array CGH in patients with suspected metabolic disorders and incomplete or negative sequencing results, as well as its emerging role in prenatal diagnosis.
Theoretical studies of complexes between Hg(II) ions and l‐cysteinate amino acids

In this study, ab initio and density functional theory methods have been used to understand the structures and thermodynamic stabilities of complexes formed between l-cysteine and mercury (II) ions in neutral aqueous solution. To better understand the interaction between sulfur and mercury (II) ion, the MP2, B3LYP, M06-2X, and TPSS methods have been used to optimize [HgSHx]2−x, x = 1–4, complexes and compared to benchmark QCISD(T) structures. Furthermore, energies from these same methods are compared to CCSD(T)/CBS(2,3) energies. From these benchmark calculations, the M06-2X method was selected to optimize l-cysteinate-Hg(II) complexes and the MP2 method for estimating complex energies. l-cysteinate-mercury (II) ion complexes are formed primarily by forming a bond between cysteinate sulfur and the mercury ion. Stable complexes of l-cysteinate and mercury can be formed in 1:1, 2:1, 3:1, and 4:1 ratios. Each complex is stabilized further by interaction between carboxylate oxygen and mercury as well as hydrogen bonding among complex cysteinate ligands. The results indicate that at high cysteinate to Hg(II) ratios high-coordinate complexes can be present but at lower ratios the 2:1 complex should be dominant. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Damping of water waves by vertical circular cylinders

When considering the wave-height transmission capacity of a dense pile structure, the spacing between piles transverse to the wave front is of considerable importance, and it is upon this characteristic length that studies should be based, thereby permitting a comparison with the effects of longitudinal spacing of piles. The results of this series of model experiments indicate that the relative depth parameter, d/L, may be neglected in the comparison of various transmission capacities. A maximum damping of waves resulting in a wave transmission of 42 pct of the incident wave height was obtained with a relatively dense configuration of 48 rows of ⅜-inch-diameter cylinders rectangularly arrayed and spaced one inch center-to-center. It was noted, within the limits of experimentation, that increasing the number of rows by 100 pct resulted in an average decrease in wave transmission of only 18 pct, irrespective of the density and configuration of the cylinders. Progressive wave-height measurements through a dense cylinder configuration (rectangular array with one-inch center-to-center spacing) showed that between 40 and 80 pct of the total decrease in wave transmission occurs within the first ⅕ of the length of the structure. More generally, it may be stated that approximately 50 pct of the total decrease in wave transmission occurs within the structure a distance, from the seaward face, of less than ¼ of the wave length. The overall results of the experiments show rather conclusively that a moderately dense piled structure is highly selective in its capacity to reduce wave action. Its ultimate transmission capacity for a given test section depends upon the magnitude of the incident wave steepness.
Minimal-stage step-size control of runge-kutta-nyström integration algorithms☆

Abstract Efficient Runge-Kutta-Nystrom integration algorithms with optional step-size control are developed through sixth order with seventh-order control. Complete solutions of the condition equations are given in terms of free parameters which may be chosen by the user for any special purposes. These algorithms compare favorably with those of Fehlberg and Bettis for which the step-size control is inherent in the method and the number of stages is not a minimum. With excessive stages, some computational efficiency is lost when the size of the integration interval is known to be adequate.
Residential Location and Satisfaction with Neighborhood Characteristics1

In spite of high mobility, the neighborhood continues to influence the lives of urban dwellers. Higher status residents of Cleveland and its suburbs were more satisfied with various characteristics of their neighborhoods than those of lower status. Residential location—whether central city or suburban—explained more of the variance than socioeconomic or life-stage variables. This points to the important role of differences in housing stock, physical structures, and amenities in different parts of the urban complex in the explanation of neighborhood satisfaction.
ACUTE IMMUNE COMPLEX DISEASE IN RABBITS THE ROLE OF COMPLEMENT AND OF A LEUKOCYTE-DEPENDENT RELEASE OF VASOACTIVE AMINES FROM PLATELETS

By depletion of C3 from rabbits undergoing acute experimental immune complex disease with an anticomplementary factor in cobra venom, it has been possible to demonstrate that deposition of the complexes in arteries and glomeruli does not require the complement components reacting after C2. Immunological reactions, in which platelets release their vasoactive amines, have been examined in rabbits undergoing immune complex disease. A correlation was obtained between the presence of a complement-independent reaction which required blood leukocytes, antigen and platelets, the deposition of immune complexes, and the induction of glomerulonephritis. C3 depletion did, however, have a marked alleviating effect on the severity of the arterial lesions. Neutrophil accumulation and the subsequent necrotizing arteritis were prevented. In contrast, the character and severity of the glomerulonephritis was not altered by depletion of later-acting complement components.
A New CPXR Based Logistic Regression Method and Clinical Prognostic Modeling Results Using the Method on Traumatic Brain Injury

Prognostic modeling is central to medicine, as it is often used to predict patients' outcome and response to treatments and to identify important medical risk factors. Logistic regression is one of the most used approaches for clinical prediction modeling. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an important public health issue and a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. In this study, we adapt CPXR (Contrast Pattern Aided Regression, a recently introduced regression method), to develop a new logistic regression method called CPXR (Log), for general binary outcome prediction (including prognostic modeling), and we use the method to carry out prognostic modeling for TBI using admission time data. The models produced by CPXR (Log) achieved AUC as high as 0.93 and specificity as high as 0.97, much better than those reported by previous studies. Our method produced interpretable prediction models for diverse patient groups for TBI, which show that different kinds of patients should be evaluated differently for TBI outcome prediction and the odds ratios of some predictor variables differ significantly from those given by previous studies, such results can be valuable to physicians.
Mass spectrometric analysis of volatiles in fluid inclusions: aliquot calibration valve to simulate inclusion rupture

Abstract Analysis of nano- to picomole quantities of gas released from microscopic fluid inclusions in minerals can be critical in determining details of the physical and chemical conditions under which mineral deposits formed. Such analyses can routinely be performed using quadrupole mass spectrometry of volatiles released by inclusion decrepitation as minerals are heated or crushed. However, steady-state calibration of mass spectrometric factors has proved inadequate to accurately quantify small amounts of inclusion gas mixtures analyzed under dynamic conditions. An on-line gas aliquot valve mass spectrometer calibrating system has been developed, using adaptation of an high-pressure liquid chromatography valve. By rapidly discharging controlled aliquots of standard gases or gas mixtures, dynamic calibrations simulate nearly all analytical parameters that affect volatiles released during mechanical rupture of fluid inclusions. Analytical sensitivity of the mass spectrometry system is non-linear in its dependence on partial pressure, an effect which could not be deduced using steady-state calibrations. After applying this additional correction, microsample measurements previously wildly in contrast with presumed trapping conditions now accurately reproduce fluid compositions known from geothermal well flow tests or bulk inclusion analyses.
Alternative Rebate Rules in the Provision of a Threshold Public Good: An Experimental Investigation

Abstract This study reports the effects of rebate rules on voluntary contributions to a threshold public good. Rebate rules specify how excess contributions, over the threshold amount are distributed. We examine three rebate rules experimentally: a no rebate policy where excess contributions are discarded, a proportional rebate policy where excess contributions are rebated proportionally to an individual's contribution, and a utilization rebate policy where excess contributions provide some continuous public good. Significantly more Nash equilibrium outcomes are observed under the no rebate treatment than under either of the other two. Interestingly, the variance of contributions differs significantly between rebate treatments.
A multi-attribute spatial decision support system for solid waste planning

Abstract Solid waste planning addresses situations which involve a variety of factors such as economic costs, legislative requirements, land use, pollution generation, resource usage and equity in the number and demographics of people effected by a plan. In making decisions about solid waste systems, the trade-offs between these factors must be considered, leading to large amounts of data and information that must be organized and analyzed. Unfortunately, many municipal solid waste planners do not have the resources needed to manage all of the relevant information, leading to incomplete consideration of relevant factors, or satisficing in selecting an alternative. To assist in improving the solid waste decision-making process, a study of planning processes was completed, and a specific spatial decision support system (SDSS) developed to address the multi-attribute and geographical nature of solid waste systems. This is done by providing analytical tools both for developing plans and for evaluating a number of impacts associated with a plan. The SDSS includes expert systems and model management capabilities to supply, organize and analyze relevant data, and a GIS to help planners understand the spatial nature of particular programs and how they may impact the public and the environment.
Interactions between Rabs, tethers, SNAREs and their regulators in exocytosis.

Sec2p is the exchange factor that activates Sec4p, the Rab GTPase controlling the final stage of the yeast exocytic pathway. Sec2p is recruited to secretory vesicles by Ypt32-GTP, a Rab controlling exit from the Golgi. Sec15p, a subunit of the octameric exocyst tethering complex and an effector of Sec4p, binds to Sec2p on secretory vesicles, displacing Ypt32p. Sec2p mutants defective in the region 450–508 amino acids bind to Sec15p more tightly. In these mutants, Sec2p accumulates in the cytosol in a complex with the exocyst and is not recruited to vesicles by Ypt32p. Thus the region 450–508 amino acids negatively regulates the association of Sec2p with the exocyst, allowing it to recycle on to new vesicles. The structures of one nearly full-length exocyst subunit and three partial subunits have been determined and, despite very low sequence identity, all form rod-like structures built of helical bundles stacked end to end. These rods may bind to each other along their sides to form the assembled complex. While Sec15p binds Sec4-GTP on the vesicle, other subunits bind Rho GTPases on the plasma membrane, thus tethering vesicles to exocytic sites. Sec4-GTP also binds Sro7p, a yeast homologue of the Drosophila lgl (lethal giant larvae) tumour suppressor. Sro7 also binds to Sec9p, a SNAP25 (25 kDa synaptosome-associated protein)-like t-SNARE [target-membrane-associated SNARE (soluble N -ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion protein attachment protein receptor)], and can form a Sec4p–Sro7p–Sec9p ternary complex. Overexpression of Sec4p, Sro7p or Sec1p (another SNARE regulator) can bypass deletions of three different exocyst subunits. Thus promoting SNARE function can compensate for tethering defects.
Coulomb displacement energies in the shell

Abstract The experimental Coulomb displacement energies in the 1 f 7 2 shell (except one) can be described by Hecht's Coulomb energy equation with a standard deviation of 8.5 keV if it is assumed that the Coulomb interaction radius is 2.6±0.5% larger for the completely filled shell than it is for the unfilled shell. The standard error of the calculated energies is 1.8 keV. Electromagnetic spin-orbit effects are indicated. The two Coulomb interaction energies V0 and V even which were obtained from the least-squares analysis are in very good agreement with the theoretically predicted values. The energy of the 0+, T = 1 ground state of 42Sc is too low and deviates by about 45 keV from the expected value.
Eradication of cross-contaminated cell lines: a call for action.

This “white paper” was prepared and widely disseminated in an attempt to sound an alarm about the long-term existence of a grave, unresolved and growing problem that affects a significant portion of biomedical research, namely, the use of misidentified and cross-contaminated cell cultures. The “white paper” shows how bold action could bring about a profession-wide change in practice that would prevent further erosion. Misidentification and inter- and intra-specific cross-contamination of mammalian cell cultures used in research continues as a widespread problem despite an awareness that dates back more than 45 years. Awareness of the problem has led to a good understanding of the causes of cross-contamination and appropriate preventive measures. It has also led to the application of robust methods for the authentication of cell lines. Yet the problem continues unabated. Estimates of the incidence of research papers flawed by the use of misidentified and cross-contaminated cell cultures approximate 15–20%. The gravity of the situation calls for a strategy that would deliver a remedial message of authentication to virtually all cell culture researchers and also ensure compliance with the message. At the core of the strategy proposed herein is having cell line authentication as a condition for the award of research grants and for the publication of research findings.
Partially Bayesian variable selection in classification trees

Tree-structured models for classification may be split into two broad categories: those that are completely datadriven and those that allow some direct user interaction during model construction. Classifiers such as CART [3 ]a nd QUEST [11] are members of the first category. In those datadriven algorithms, all predictor variables compete equally for a particular classification task. However, in many cases a subject-area expert is likely to have some qualitative notion about their relative importance. Interactive algorithms such as RTREE [17] address this issue by allowing users to select variables at various stages of tree construction. In this paper, we introduce a more formal partially Bayesian procedure for dynamically incorporating qualitative expert opinions in the construction of classification trees. An algorithm that dynamically incorporates expert opinion in this way has two potential advantages, each improving with the quality of the expert. First, by de-emphasizing certain subsets of variables during the estimation process, machine-based computational activity can be reduced. Second, by giving an expert’s preferred variables priority, we reduce the chance that a spurious variable will appear in the model. Hence, our resulting models are potentially more interpretable and less unstable than those generated by purely data-driven algorithms.
Stability analysis of complex structures

Stability analysis of rigid frames and trusses, including effect of bending moments and shear forces before buckling
Regional chest wall motion dysfunction in patients with pectus excavatum demonstrated via optoelectronic plethysmography

Abstract Background Paradoxical chest wall motion is recognized clinically in pectus excavatum (PE). We report chest wall volume and motion differences between PE patients and unaffected individuals. Methods A prospective, institutional review board–approved study compared nonoperated PE patients with normal controls (C). Subjects had deep breathing maneuvers captured by infrared cameras. Chest wall volume and excursion were calculated using optoelectronic plethysmography marker reconstruction combined with proprietary software (BTS Bioengineering, Milan, Italy). Results One hundred nineteen patients underwent optoelectronic plethysmography analysis (PE: 64, C: 5). Total chest wall volume at rest was similar in both groups (PE: 13.6 L, C: 14.1 L, P = .55). During maximal inspiration, PE patients had a significant increase in the volume within the abdominal rib cage compartment (PE: 0.77 L, C: 0.6 L, P P P P = .02). At the level of the umbilicus, PE patients had 147% increase in midline marker excursion compared with controls ( P Conclusions Optoelectronic plethysmography kinematic analysis allows for quantification of focal chest wall motion dysfunction. Patients with PE demonstrate significantly decreased chest wall motion at the area of the pectus defect and increased abdominal contributions to respiration compared with controls. This finding may help to explain exertional symptoms of easy fatigability or shortness of breath in PE.
A Lawyer in the Counseling Center

Today's college students are finding an increasing need for legal information. At California State College, Los Angeles, a lawyer from the community was retained by the college counseling center to consult with students who had legal questions. During the academic year 1968-69, 302 students took advantage of this service. Although most of their questions dealt with selective service, other areas of concern included landlord-tenant matters, domestic relations, and criminal and civil law. Student reactions were sampled by means of a questionnaire. The general response was highly favorable, thus supporting the need for a legal counseling service on the college campus.
Acetaldehyde and malondialdehyde react together to generate distinct protein adducts in the liver during long-term ethanol administration

Acetaldehyde and the lipid peroxidation-derived aldehyde malondialdehyde (MDA), are reactive compounds that are generated during ethanol metabolism in the liver, and both aldehydes have been shown to be capable of binding to proteins and forming stable adducts. Because similar concentrations of MDA and acetaldehyde can coexist in the liver during ethanol oxidation, protein adduct formation in the presence of both of these aldehydes was studied under both in vitro and in vivo conditions. When proteins were incubated in the presence of both MDA and acetaldehyde, MDA caused a marked and concentration-dependent increase in the stable binding of acetaldehyde to proteins. Maximum stimulation of binding occurred at approximately a fourfold molar excess of MDA relative to acetaldehyde when concentrations of 1.0 mmol/L and 0.1 mmol/L were tested. The formation of highly fluorescent product or products was associated with the MDA stimulation of acetaldehyde binding, indicating that new and distinct products were being generated. These hybrid adducts of MDA and acetaldehyde have been designated as MAA adducts. An affinity-purified polyclonal antibody was produced that specifically recognized MAA epitopes on proteins and did not cross-react with carrier proteins or proteins modified with either acetaldehyde or MDA alone. A quantitative competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed and detected the presence of MAA-modified proteins in liver cytosol from ethanol-fed rats but not in pair-fed controls. Quantification of the data from the competitive ELISA indicated the presence of approximately 75 pmoles protein-bound MAA per milligram liver cytosol proteins of the ethanol-fed animals. These results indicate that acetaldehyde and MDA can react together in a synergistic manner and generate hybrid adducts (MAA-adducts) and further suggest that MAA adducts may represent a major species of adducts formed in the liver during ethanol metabolism in vivo.
Tiling Deficient Boards with Trominoes

(1986). Tiling Deficient Boards with Trominoes. Mathematics Magazine: Vol. 59, No. 1, pp. 34-40.
Effects of PGF2α on pig corpora lutea following administration on Day 9 of the estrous cycle

Abstract Before Day 12 of the estrous cycle, pig corpora lutea (CL) seemingly are refractory to the luteolytic effects of prostaglandin F 2 α (PGF 2α ). This study investigated functional and structural effects of PGF 2α on pig CL during this refractory period. Nine gilts were unilaterally ovariectomized on Day 8 (first day of estrus = Day 0), and femoral arterial (FA) catheters were inserted. Gilts received 20 mg PGF 2α or vehicle (saline) at 07:00 h on Day 9. After PGF 2α or vehicle treatment, blood was collected hourly for 6 h, then twice daily (07:00 and 19:00 h) until the remaining ovary was removed at 07:00 to 08:00 h on Day 12. Progesterone had declined markedly in the FA by 3 h after PGF 2α , but had returned to pretreatment levels by 19:00 h on Day 11. In the vehicle-treated group, increases in luteal weight, protein and DNA were observed ( P 2α -treated gilts only exhibited increases ( P 2α -treated (18.1 ± 5.4%), but not in vehicle-treated gilts during this same period. Luteal progesterone content increased more ( P 2α -treated gilts (23.5 ± 4.7%). Similarly, luteal progesterone concentration tended to increase in vehicle-treated (45.8±20.7%, P 2α -treated gilts. Luteal characteristics in sham-operated control gilts were similar to those of vehicle-treated gilts on Day 12 of the estrous cycle. These data indicate that PGF 2α administered to pigs on Day 9 of the estrous cycle transiently inhibits luteal function. Luteal composition at Day 12 was altered by PGF 2α administration, but luteal growth continued from Day 8 to 12, possibly by increases in the numbers of small, non-steroidogenic cell types. Luteal growth in vehicle-treated gilts suggests that substantial development occurs in pig CL after Day 8 of the estrous cycle.
Contact lens failure in keratoconus management.

Purpose: Surgery is indicated for keratoconus when management with contact lenses fails. The authors sought to determine the relative contribution of various preoperative patient and ocular factors to the ultimate causes of contact lens failure. Methods: The records of unoperated eyes of keratoconus patients whose contact lenses were managed intensively before undergoing penetrating keratoplasty (PK) at the authors' institution between 1981 and 1990 were selected for study. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify risk factors for early contact lens failure. Results: The records of 99 keratoconic eyes of 75 patients with an average age of 34 years and average keratometry readings of 57.5 diopters at presentation were studied. Cases had been followed for an average of 27 months before PK. The primary reasons for PK were a best-corrected visual acuity of under 20/40 (despite good contact lens fit) causing disability for the patient (43%), contact lens intolerance (32%), frequent lens displacement (13%), and significant peripheral thinning of the cornea (12%). The referral source of the patient, sex, a history of PK in the fellow eye, or of contact lens wear in either eye did not alter the relative contributions of these parameters to surgery. Conclusion: Poor best-corrected visual acuity at presentation, higher keratometry readings (≥55 D), age (≥40 years), and duration of disease (>5 years) were significantly associated with failure due to poor functional acuity and peripheral thinning, frequently leading to surgery within the first 12 months after presentation.
Scale-up and integration of alkaline hydrogen peroxide pretreatment, enzymatic hydrolysis, and ethanolic fermentation.

Alkaline hydrogen peroxide (AHP) has several attractive features as a pretreatment in the lignocellulosic biomass-to-ethanol pipeline. Here, the feasibility of scaling- up the AHP process and integrating it with enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation was studied. Corn stover (1 kg) was subjected to AHP pretreatment, hydrolyzed en- zymatically, and the resulting sugars fermented to ethanol. The AHP pretreatment was performed at 0.125 g H2O2/g biomass, 228C, and atmospheric pressure for 48 h with periodic pH readjustment. The enzymatic hydrolysis was performed in the same reactor following pH neutralization of the biomass slurry and without washing. After 48 h, glucose and xylose yields were 75% and 71% of the theoret- ical maximum. Sterility was maintained during pretreat- ment and enzymatic hydrolysis without the use of antibiotics. During fermentation using a glucose- and xy- lose-utilizing strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, all of the Glc and 67% of the Xyl were consumed in 120 h. The final ethanol titer was 13.7 g/L. Treatment of the enzymatic hydrolysate with activated carbon prior to fermentation had little effect on Glc fermentation but markedly improved utilization of Xyl, presumably due to the removal of soluble aromatic inhibitors. The results indicate that AHP is readily scalable and can be integrated with enzyme hydrolysis and fermentation. Compared to other leading pretreatments for lignocellulosic biomass, AHP has potential advantages with regard to capital costs, process simplicity, feedstock han- dling, and compatibility with enzymatic deconstruction and fermentation. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2012;109: 922-931.
On the stability of viscous plane Couette flow

The problem of the stability of plane Couette flow to infinitesimal disturbances is carried numerically to larger Reynolds numbers than heretofore. The flow is definitely stable up to R = 1430, although at Reynolds numbers in this vicinity plane Couette flow has been observed experimentally to be turbulent. Observations on boundary-layer instability suggest this to be the source of turbulence in plane Couette flow channels.
Introduction: New Directions in Contemporary Urban Development

LATE-20TH-CENTURY GLOBAL ECONOMIC RESTRUCTURING, and emerging conditions of postindustrialism and postmodernity in the advanced capitalist world, present new challenges and opportunities for urban anthropology. Recently evolving urban forms and arrangements offer arenas for gaining new perspective on many enduring issues in the anthropology of complex societies, particularly those centering on the relations between cities and their broader metropolitan, regional, national, and global contexts. More holistic approaches with greater attention to historical and structural rather than microethnographic processes can yield the middle-range analyses necessary to explain contemporary developments, [postindustrial cities, urban analysis, urban development, urban anthropology]
Viral pathogenesis and resistance to defective interfering particles

Recently presented evidence indicates that synthesis of defective interfering (DI) particles following infection of cultured cells with lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCM) virus may result in self-curing1. The genesis of DI particles can occur in cells infected with virtually any animal virus2, and seems to be a host-controlled function3. Thus, these particles may represent a third line of defence—with the immune response and interferon—against virus invasion3,4. LCM virus infection causes the rapid appearance of DI particles in tissue culture cells5,6. Nevertheless, persistent infections can be easily established with LCM and other arenaviruses7–9. The LCM-persistent infections are apparently maintained in these cultures by the genesis of DI-resistant viruses1. This latter finding prompted us to determine whether such DI-resistant viruses occur in nature. Vertical transmission of LCM virus in the house mouse or neonatal infection of laboratory mice takes the form of a life-long inap-parent infection. These mice lack functional virus-specific T lymphocytes, but may make an antibody response against the invasion. It is known that LCM virus injected into a neonatal mouse can change during the course of the infection so that at least two different viral populations coexist in the same mouse10. DI particles are produced in abundance shortly after neonatal infection and this precedes the appearance of a virus population that, by plaque morphology, differs from the one originally inoculated11. We report here the isolation of an LCM virus from persistently infected mice that is resistant not only to the DI particles which were produced shortly after neonatal infection with heterotypic virus but also to the DI particles that this virus itself induces in neonates. We know of no other report of viruses which can replicate normally in the presence of the DI particles they induce.
Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: Lenke Type I–VI Case Studies

Brace treatment is effective for selected patients with AIS, but when patients mature or curves progress beyond 40°, surgery may be discussed with the patient and family. The advent of third-generation spinal instrumentation with pedicle screw systems has made extraordinary corrections possible. These posterior corrections must be done cautiously, however. When selecting the fusion level, one should always look at the sagittal plane and include any kyphotic segments. The authors evaluate case examples of Lenke type I through type VI curves with illustrations and radiographic images in this additional content, which is only found on-line.
Implementing parallel shortest path for parallel transportation applications

Abstract Shortest path algorithms are required by several transportation applications; furthermore, the shortest path computation in these applications can account for a large percentage of the total execution time. Since these algorithms are very computationally intense, parallel processing can provide the compute power and memory required to solve large problems quickly. Therefore, good parallel shortest algorithms are critical for efficient parallel implementations of transportation applications. The experimental work related to parallel shortest path algorithms has focused on the development of parallel algorithms; however, very little work has been done with analyzing and understanding the performance impact of various implementation issues. In this paper, we conduct a thorough experimental analysis of parallel shortest path algorithms for sparse networks, concentrating on three implementation issues: (1) choice of shortest path algorithm, (2) termination detection and (3) network decomposition. The paper focuses on the choice of shortest path algorithm and network decomposition since the work on termination detection was published previously. We determine that all three issues affect the communication and convergence of the shortest path algorithm. Furthermore, we find that communicating the most information at a time results in the best convergence; this is contrary to most scientific applications where it is optimal to minimize communication.
Narrating Adoption: Resisting Adoption as “Second Best” in Online Stories of Domestic Adoption Told by Adoptive Parents

Framed in narrative theory and relational dialectics theory, one hundred online stories of domestic adoption told by adoptive parents were qualitatively analyzed, revealing four primary discourses of adoption that challenge the idea that adoption is a second-best way to parent. Narrative beginnings were dominated by a discourse of adoption as a valuable alternative to pregnancy. Narrative middles-and-ends featured two discourses of how the adoption process unfolds: adoption as a worthwhile struggle guided by destiny and adoption as a smooth and predictable process. Intertwined with these process-oriented constructions of adoption was a discourse of adoption as communal kinning, which emphasized a hybrid family form comprised of both biological and nonbiological ties.
Source effects on attenuation in lined ducts. Part I: A statistically based computational approach

The influence of the source on acoustic attenuation in uniform and non-uniform ducts with mean flow is investigated. It is found that realizable attenuation is sensitive to details of the source that in applications such as broadband noise may be unavailable. In this investigation a statistical source model is proposed. A finite element simulation for propagation in non-uniform ducts with compressible mean flow with a random source description is developed. Probability density functions for transmitted acoustic power and attenuation are determined based on as many as 100,000 trials with random distributions of input modal power and phase. For cases with a moderate to large number of input modes, transmitted power and attenuation appear to follow simple statistical distributions. A comparison is made with limited experimental data, and in all cases considered measured attenuation is within or close to the predicted distribution.
Clinical efficacy and randomized clinical trials in dysphagia

This manuscript reviews the current state of research on treatment efficacy for swallowing disorders in relation to the use of large-scale randomized multi institutional trials. Dose response trials, i.e., how much treatment is needed to achieve the desired result, are not yet available in dysphagia. The financial and medical pressures on clinicians responsible for diagnosing and treating the dysphagic patient are noted as they often impact the timing of patient care in dysphagia. The process of integration of treatment techniques into the diagnostic study (Modified Barium Swallow, videofluoroscopy) to improve the patient's swallow as quickly as possible is described. The availability of a clinical trial group, the Communications Sciences and Disorders Clinical Trials Research Group (CSDRG), is noted to assist clinicians and scientists in the development of all types of clinical trials in dysphagia.
Styrene polymerized in an oil-in-water microemulsion

Abstract Microemulsions of styrene dispersed in water using sodium dodecyl sulphate and pentanol and polystyrene, isolated after the polymerizations were carried out to completion, were studied by photon correlation spectroscopy and time-averaged intensity measurements. Microemulsions contained droplets 40.8 nm in diameter. It was found that the size distributions of polystyrene were bimodal. The results indicate that smaller droplets in a microemulsion provide an increased surface area which can complete with micelles in the capture of radicals. The bimodal nature of the products is evidence for two mechanisms of initiation and particle growth.