cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk6) and p16 in pancreatic endocrine neoplasms

Summary Aims p16 and p27, the inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinases, have been reportedly decreased in certain human tumours, including a few endocrine tumours. The current study used immunocytochemical staining to compare the staining intensity of cdk6 and its inhibitor, p16, in pancreatic endocrine neoplasms with normal pancreatic islets. Methods Twenty-four primary pancreatic endocrine neoplasms, consisting of 12 insulinomas, one glucagomoma, three pancreatic polypeptide (PP)-omas, five gastgrinomas and three non-fuctioning tumours, were immunocytochemically studied for cdk6 and p16 compared with the adjacent non-neoplastic islets. Results In the normal islets, cdk6 staining was strongly positive for islet cell nuclei and cytoplasms, whereas p16 was strongly positively stained for islet cell cytoplasms. Insulinomas, glucagonoma, PP-omas and non-functioning tumours were weakly stained for cdk6 and p16. Among five gastrinomas, three tumours were moderately stained and two tumours were more weakly stained for cdk6 and p16. Thus, tumour cells were weaker stained for cdk6 and p16 compared with the strong staining of normal islet cells. No distinct immunostaining difference was observed among five kinds of pancreatic endocrine neoplasms. Conclusions The decreased immunocytochemical staining for cdk6 and p16 is consistently observed in five kinds of pancreatic endocrine neoplasms. This decreased cdk6 and p16 in pancreatic endocrine neoplasms may be a part of the cell cycle event in tumour transformation and progression, and the same process may involve other endocrine tumours.
The acquisition of independent dressing skills by students with multiple disabilities

A 5-second constant time delay procedure was successful in teaching two students with multiple disabilities four dressing skills: putting on shirt, pants, socks, and jacket. Training was conducted with multiple examplars of oversized clothing. Criterion was based on student performance during daily probe sessions in which students were required to dress with their own regular-sized clothing. A multiple probe design across behaviors and replicated across students was used to evaluate the training procedure. Both students acquired the targeted dressing skills and generalized responses to their own clothing. The procedure resulted in a low percentage of student errors (1.35%). In addition, students maintained the behaviors with 87–100% accuracy over an 18 week period of time. Follow-up data collected during the next school year indicated that students completed the behaviors with at least a mean of 83% accuracy.
Asymptotic Relative Efficiency and Exact Variance Stabilizing Transformation for the Generalized Gaussian Distribution

It is demonstrated that the sampling distributions of the maximum likelihood (ML) estimator and its Studentized statistic for the generalized Gaussian distribution do not pass the most powerful normality tests even for fairly large sample sizes. This disagreement with what the standard large sample ML theory predicts and the computational burden of having to deal with its associated polygamma functions motivate the consideration of a competing convexity-based estimator. The asymptotic normality of this estimator is derived. It is shown that the competing estimator is almost as efficient as the ML estimator and its asymptotic relative efficiency to the ML estimator is equal to 1 in the limit as the shape parameter approaches zero. More important, its asymptotic distribution admits an exact variance stabilizing transformation, whereas the asymptotic variance function of the ML estimator does not have a closed-form variance stabilizing transformation. The exact transformation is a composition of the inverse hyperbolic cotangent and square root functions. Besides stabilizing the variance, the inverse hyperbolic cotangent and square root transformation is remarkably effective for symmetrizing and normalizing the sampling distribution of the estimator and hence improving the standard normal approximation. Furthermore, this simple transformation provides a quite accurate approximation to the non-closed-form variance stabilizing transformation of the ML estimator.
Pharmacokinetics model to assess the extravasation of tumor tissue by using fluorescence contrast agents

The pharmacokinetics model is developed to describe the delivery of ICG injected intravenously into the human subject and can differentiate between normal tissue and tumor with large leakiness of vasculature.
Cables1 protects p63 from proteasomal degradation to ensure deletion of cells after genotoxic stress.

The p63 gene product regulates epithelial morphogenesis and female germline integrity. In this study, we show that cyclin-dependent kinase 5 and Abl enzyme substrate 1 (Cables1) interacts with the trans-activating (TA) p63α isoform to protect it from proteasomal degradation. Using the female germline of Cables1-null mice as an in vivo model, we demonstrate further that oocytes lacking Cables1 exhibit lower basal levels of TAp63α and reduced accumulation of phosphorylated TAp63α in response to genotoxic stress. This in turn enhances the survival of these cells after ionizing radiation exposure. Thus, Cables1 modulates p63 protein stability and function during genotoxic stress.
Streptococcal Receptor Polysaccharides: Recognition Molecules for Oral Biofilm Formation

Strains of viridans group streptococci that initiate colonization of the human tooth surface typically coaggregate with each other and with Actinomyces naeslundii, another member of the developing biofilm community. These interactions generally involve adhesin-mediated recognition of streptococcal receptor polysaccharides (RPS). The objective of our studies is to understand the role of these polysaccharides in oral biofilm development. Different structural types of RPS have been characterized by their reactions with specific antibodies and lectin-like adhesins. Streptococcal gene clusters for RPS biosynthesis were identified, sequenced, characterized and compared. RPS-producing bacteria were detected in biofilm samples using specific antibodies and gene probes. Six different types of RPS have been identified from representative viridans group streptococci that coaggregate with A. naeslundii. Each type is composed of a different hexa- or heptasaccharide repeating unit, the structures of which contain host-like motifs, either GalNAcβ1-3Gal or Galβ1-3GalNAc. These motifs account for RPS-mediated recognition, whereas other features of these polysaccharides are more closely associated with RPS antigenicity. The RPS-dependent interaction of S. oralis with A. naeslundii promotes growth of these bacteria and biofilm formation in flowing saliva. Type specific differences in RPS production have been noted among the resident streptococcal floras of different individuals, raising the possibility of RPS-based differences in the composition of oral biofilm communities. The structural, functional and molecular properties of streptococcal RPS support a recognition role of these cell surface molecules in oral biofilm formation.
Site-specific Phosphorylation of Phosducin in Intact Retina DYNAMICS OF PHOSPHORYLATION AND EFFECTS ON G PROTEIN βγ DIMER BINDING

Phosducin (Pdc) is a G protein βγ dimer (Gβγ) binding protein, highly expressed in retinal photoreceptor and pineal cells, yet whose physiological role remains elusive. Light controls the phosphorylation of Pdc in a cAMP and Ca2+-dependent manner, and phosphorylation in turn regulates the binding of Pdc to Gtβγ or 14-3-3 proteins in vitro. To directly examine the phosphorylation of Pdc in intact retina, we prepared antibodies specific to the three principal phosphorylation sites (Ser-54, Ser-73, and Ser-106) and measured the kinetics of phosphorylation/dephosphorylation during light/dark adaptation and the subsequent effects on Gtβγ binding. Ser-54 phosphorylation increased slowly (t½ ∼ 90 min) during dark adaptation to ∼70% phosphorylated and decreased rapidly (t½ ∼ 2 min) during light adaptation to less than 20% phosphorylated. Ser-73 phosphorylation increased much faster during dark adaptation (t½ ∼ 3 min) to ∼50% phosphorylated and decreased more slowly during light adaptation (t½ ∼ 9 min) to less than 20% phosphorylated. The Ca2+ chelator BAPTA-AM blocked Ser-54 phosphorylation during dark adaptation but had no effect on Ser-73 phosphorylation. In contrast, Ser-106 was not phosphorylated in either the light or dark. Importantly, Gβγ binding to Pdc was enhanced by Ca2+ chelation and the binding kinetics closely paralleled those of Ser-54 dephosphorylation, indicating that Ser-54 phosphorylation controls Gtβγ binding in vivo. These results suggest a pivotal role of Ser-54 and Ser-73 phosphorylation in determining the interactions of Pdc with its binding partners, Gtβγ and 14-3-3 protein, which may regulate the light-dependent translocation of the photoreceptor G protein.
Bayesian object-level change detection in grayscale imagery

We present a change detection algorithm formulated in a Bayesian framework that uses the output of an object detector to reason about change at a higher level than comparing pixels. The object detector mitigates pixel-level noise, and presents objects to the change detection framework. This in turn ties the objects across images and determines change. The Bayesian framework allows us to easily add domain knowledge into the change detection process to improve detection. We show that our approach can successfully detect changes across grayscale images with significantly greater variance in imaging conditions (such as viewpoint, resolution, and illumination) than those handled by traditional methods.
Suppression of dynamic-stall vortices over pitching airfoils by leading-edge suction

Experiments to control the dynamic-stall vortex (DSV) over the suction surface of a two-dimensional NACA 0012 airfoil, undergoing a hold-pitch-hold motion, are described. Measurements were performed over a range of Reynolds number (3.0×10 4 ≤Re c ≤1.18×10 5 ) and pitch rate (0.072≤α + ≤0.31), using leading-edge suction duing a prescribed period of the airfoil motion. This strategy to manage the DSV, using controlled leading-edge suction, was developed from a study of the mechanisms responsible for the evolution of the vortex. The results indicate that formation of the DSV can be suppressed by removing an appropriate amount of the reverse-flowing fluid to prevent its accumulation in the near-leading-edge region, thereby preventing lift up of the shear layer
A continuous Jacobi-like approach to the simultaneous reduction of real matrices

Abstract The problem of simultaneous reduction of real matrices by either orthogonal similarity or orthogonal equivalence transformations is considered. Based on the Jacobi idea of minimizing the sum of squares of the complementary part of the desired form to which matrices are reduced, the projected-gradient method is used in this paper. It is shown that the projected gradient of the objective function can be formulated explicitly. This gives rise to a system of ordinary differential equations that can be readily solved by numerical software. The advantages of this approach are that the desired form to which matrices are reduced can be almost arbitrary, and that if a desired form is not attainable, then the limit point of the corresponding differential equation gives a way of measuring the distance from the best reduced matrices to the nearest matrices that have the desired form. The general procedure for deriving these differential equations is discussed. The framework can be generalized to the complex-valued case. Some applications are given.
Analysis of approaches for supporting the Open Provenance Model: A case study of the Trident workflow workbench

The Trident workbench is a platform for composing, executing and managing scientific workflows. While Trident collects provenance in its native provenance model, the third provenance challenge was an opportunity to build support for the Open Provenance Model into Trident. There are several possible approaches to harmonize our native model with OPM, and such choices are also available to other existing provenance and workflow systems working towards OPM compatibility. We identify and analyze the relative merits of these approaches in an effort to inform practitioners planning to support OPM in their existing provenance/workflow systems. Further, we describe our experience with using the integration approach we choose to interoperate with other teams as part of the challenge.
Ownership, Size, Technology, and Management Development: A Comparative Analysis

The study deals with some of the problems that American Multinational Corporations face in transferring management know-how to the developing area. The analysis shows that certain variables such as...
The impact of denitrification on the atmospheric CO2 uptake potential of seawater

Abstract In addition to carbonate dissolution, denitrification represents another pivotal geochemical process that produces alkalinity in the marine environment. Previous studies suggested that such alkalinity can increase seawater buffering capacity and thus enhance atmospheric CO2 uptake when the denitrifying water is exposed to the air in the coastal ocean. In this study, we explored the potential responses of seawater pCO2 to denitrification through three approaches: (1) simulating pCO2 variations in response to various denitrification scenarios, (2) verifying in situ pCO2 data in a well-known denitrification “hotbed”—the Arabian Sea—as well as in anammox-dominated oxygen minimum waters in the Eastern South Pacific, and (3) examining published benthic alkalinity and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) flux ratios. In the first approach, we showed that the ratios of alkalinity and DIC addition during denitrification of different model compounds were lower than the slopes of alkalinity and DIC (ΔTA/ΔDIC) along a series of CO2 isopleths corresponding to modern-day xCO2 at different temperatures. In the second approach, we showed that water pCO2 level increased with loss of fixed nitrogen. Last, we showed that benthic alkalinity and DIC flux ratios were also lower than the ΔTA/ΔDIC values derived from the above mentioned CO2 isopleths. Overall, these independent approaches support the conclusion that denitrification-generated alkalinity (together with other alkalinity-altering anaerobic respiration pathways) may not be a notable driving force for enhancing atmospheric CO2 uptake, and concurrent DIC production during denitrification has to be taken into account when discussing changes in seawater buffering capacity along with alkalinity production.
Electron beam excitation of upstream waves in the whistler mode frequency range

We examine whistler mode instabilities arising from electron beams in interplanetary space at 1 AU. Both parallel and obliquely propagating solutions are considered. We demonstrate that the generation of two simultaneous whistler mode waves is possible, and even reasonably likely, for beam parameters frequently encountered upstream of the Earth's bow shock and at interplanetary shocks. We also explore the generation of left-hand polarized waves at whistler mode frequencies under these same conditions. We offer both parametric variations derived from numerical solutions of the various instabilities as well as an analytical treatment of the problem which succeeds in unifying the various numerical results.
Work in progress — The evaluation tools database for assessing engineering education innovations

This paper describes a one-year project that addresses a national need to build the evaluation capacity of engineering educators to effectively evaluate engineering education programs, projects, and innovations. The project goal was to lay the foundation for the construction of an inventory of evaluation tools that could be used as part of evaluation by engineering educators. Project leaders conducted a search through ten years of archived literature to identify existing evaluation tools. An initial database was developed to document a variety of characteristics about the tools. A panel of stakeholders was assembled to assist in the review of tools and the structure of the database. Recommendations for refinement, further development, and dissemination of the inventory were offered by the panel and are documented in this paper.
Interaction of Rare Gases with Metal Surfaces. I. A, Kr, and Xe on Tungsten

The interactions of argon, krypton, and xenon with a tungsten surface have been examined in the field emission microscope. Bombardment by rare gas ions results in a penetration of the lattice and an apparent diminution of the work function; bombardment damage is partly annealed between 79° and 300°K. Adsorption lowers the work function by 1.38 ev for Xe, on saturation at 79°K, 1.18 ev for Kr at 20°K, and 0.87 ev for A at the same temperature. The work function diminishes monotonically with Xe coverage even after more than a single layer is formed.Binding to the surface is structure sensitive—it is strongest around the 100 pole, in the vicinity of the 116 and 130 planes, and weakest at the 111. This sequence of binding energies corresponds to that calculated for different lattice sites on the assumption of dispersion forces. The lowering of the work function caused by adsorption is interpreted as a polarization of the gas atoms by the dipole layer of the metal surface; formally, the interactions at a metal...
Digital age, digital English

A response to the articles on e-mail by Li Lan and Li Yongyan in ET64 (Oct 00). This article discusses what has been happening to e-mail English and what might yet happen as a consequence to off-line English. The paper first examines the effect on the use of English in the electronic medium. It then talks about the influence of e-mail English on the off-line use of English, and closes with a description of the interface between English and Chinese in e-mails.Li Yongyan focuses on the discursive aspect of e-mail messages in her article. She mainly talks about styles and coherence in e-mail writing. In contrast, Li Lan primarily describes the linguistic aspect of e-mail English. Her article discusses both the conversational style of, and innovations and distinctive usages in, e-mail English. Both also describe English-Chinese code-mixing in their articles, as well as the emergence of novel linguistic features in e-mail English, such as the omission of the sentence subject.
Squeeze moulding makes prototypes to simulate SMC parts behaviour

Abstract Before undertaking the manufacture of steel tooling for fabricating new SMC (Sheet Moulding Compound) parts it is important to ensure that the projected part will meet the required mechanical specifications. The manufacture of prototypes by the squeeze moulding technique is a good answer to this requirement. Such prototypes are representative of the mechanical behaviour of the considered SMC part. They can be obtained at moderate cost and within a reasonable time time span. In this articlethe basis of the technique will be established, and an example of its commercial application, the manufacture prototypes for the Chevrolet Citation bonnet, will be described. The comparison of the behaviour of parts made in SMC and parts made by squeeze moulding is also presented.
Design methodology for IC manufacturability based on regular logic-bricks

Implementing logic blocks in an integrated circuit in terms of repeating or regular geometry patterns (Palusinski et al., 2001 and Strojwas, 2003) can provide significant advantages in terms of manufacturability and design cost (Pileggi et al., 2003). Various forms of gate and logic arrays have been recently proposed that can offer such pattern regularity to reduce design risk and costs. In this paper, we propose a full-mask-set design methodology which provides the same physical design coherence as a configurable array, but with area and other design benefits comparable to standard cell ASICs. This methodology is based on a set of simple logic primitives that are mapped to a set of logic bricks that are defined by a restrictive set of RET (resolution enhancement technique)-friendly geometry patterns. We propose a design methodology to explore trade-offs between the number of bricks and associated level of configurability versus the required silicon area. Results are shown to compare a design implemented with a small number of regular bricks to an implementation based on a full standard cell library in a 90nm CMOS technology.
Intangible capital in the pharmaceutical and chemical industry

We investigate whether measures of intangible capital based on advertising and R&D can explain variation in Tobin’s Q ratio for the pharmaceutical & chemical industry using data from 1982 to 2001. The study is motivated by prior literature studying this relation in other industries, recent literature investigating intangible capital in this industry, and the larger controversy about whether stock valuations have been high due to irrational investors or large investment in intangible capital. We find that our measures of intangible capital are statistically significant determinants of Tobin’s Q and explain twenty percent of the variation in our sample.
Online monitoring and analysis for self-protection against network attacks

In this paper, we present an online monitoring and analysis framework to achieve self-protection against a wide range of network attacks. Our approach uses the software agents to online monitor several attributes to characterize the state of any network or computing resource as normal, uncertain, or abnormal. The software agents execute the appropriate recovery mechanisms once they determine that a service, and/or a network device is operating abnormally. We have developed a test bed to demonstrate and validate our approach to protect against several well-known attacks.
Learning to predict DNA hydration patterns

The authors examine the problem of learning to predict hydration patterns around DNA molecules. It is assumed that there is a limited, but so far unknown, set of hydration patterns, and that there is a set of features of a DNA molecule which determines its pattern. Since the patterns for the DNA molecules in the database were not known a priori, most traditional classifier learners cannot be applied directly. The authors have combined cluster analysis with a decision tree learner to develop classifiers, even though training examples were not initially labeled with classes. Some empirical results of this learning are presented, and it is shown how the learned decision trees are being used to gain insight into the domain of DNA crystallography. >
Medroxyprogesterone attenuates estrogen-mediated inhibition of neointima formation after balloon injury of the rat carotid artery.

Background Estrogen blunts the neointimal proliferative response to balloon injury of the carotid artery in intact female rats and gonadectomized rats of both sexes. This study tested whether, in gonadectomized rats of both sexes, (1) progestin (medroxyprogesterone acetate, MPA) alters neointima formation in injured carotid arteries, (2) addition of MPA alters the antiproliferative effects of estrogen, and (3) an interaction between MPA and estrogen can be accounted for by MPA-induced alterations in serum 17β-estradiol levels. Methods and Results Male and female Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to gonadectomy, then were randomly divided into four subgroups and treated with either (1) 17β-estradiol, (2) MPA, (3) 17β-estradiol+MPA, or (4) vehicle, and balloon injury of the right common carotid artery was carried out. Two weeks later, rats were killed by overdose of pentobarbital, and the carotid arteries were subjected to morphometric analysis for evaluation of myointimal thickening. Estradiol inhibited m...
Noise Enhanced Parameter Estimation

This paper investigates the phenomenon of noise enhanced systems for a general parameter estimation problem. When the estimator is fixed and known, the estimation performance before and after the addition of noise are evaluated. Performance comparisons are made between the original estimators and noise enhanced estimators based on different criteria. The form of the optimal noise probability density function (pdf) is determined. The results are further extended to the general case where the noise is introduced to the system via a transformation. For the case where the estimator is fixed and unknown, approaches are also proposed to find the optimum noise. Finally, two illustrative examples are presented where the performance comparison is made between the optimal noise modified estimator and Gaussian noise modified estimator.
A Web-based correctional telemedicine system with distributed expertise

Due to increasingly tougher and mandatory sentencing laws, the U.S. has experienced a sharp increase in the prison population during the last decade. Correctional facilities face unique challenges in providing health care to a population that has a history of physical, mental and psychological abuse. Telemedicine is an innovative way to bring health care to prisons in a safe and cost-effective manner. The steady proliferation of the Internet, its versatility and low cost are ushering in new possibilities for providing telemedicine through such a cyberspace medium. This paper discusses the workflows involved in correctional health care environments and develops an object-oriented architecture for a Web-centric telemedicine system. The prototype uses relational tables to represent expert knowledge and ActiveX programming for initiating and coordinating the consultation sessions over the Internet. The prototype has the ability to deal with single physician consultations as well as with distributed multiple experts in more complex diagnostic sessions.
A dissonant duet: Discussions of music making and music teaching

The literature in the field of music teacher education describes a tension between the music making and the music teaching in the professional lives of music educators. Yet how do music educators themselves think about their work? This study is an investigation of how six elementary general music teachers who are also performers speak about their music making and their music teaching. Data was collected in 4 hours of largely unstructured interviews with each respondent. Data analysis strategies included identifying emergent themes, constructing profiles, juxtaposing interview excerpts and categorizing characterizations of the tension between making music and teaching music. The main findings were that the participants characterized their music making and music teaching in three ways: as two distinct roles that they take on in their professional lives, as a single approach that they take to two activities, and as an experience of making music that they hope to recreate for their students. This study aims t...
Structure–function analysis of the 3′ stem-loop of hepatitis C virus genomic RNA and its role in viral RNA replication

Previous studies indicate that the 3' terminal 46 nt of the RNA genome of hepatitis C virus (HCV) are highly conserved among different viral strains and essential for RNA replication. Here, we describe a mutational analysis of the 3' terminal hairpin (stem-loop I) that is putatively formed by this sequence and demonstrate its role in replication of the viral RNA. We show that single base substitutions within the 6-nt loop at positions adjacent to the stem abrogate replication of a subgenomic RNA, whereas substitutions in the three apical nucleotides were well tolerated without loss of replication competence. Single point mutations were also well tolerated within the middle section of the duplex, but not at the penultimate nucleotide positions near either end of the stem. However, complementary substitutions at the -19 and -28 positions (from the 3' end) restored replication competence, providing strong evidence for the existence of the structure and its involvement in RNA replication. This was confirmed by rescue of replicating RNAs from mutants containing complementary 10-nt block substitutions at the base of the stem. Each of these RNAs contained an additional U at the 3' terminus. Further experiments indicated a strong preference for U at the 3' terminal position (followed in order by C, A, and G), and a G at the -2 position. These features of stem-loop I are likely to facilitate recognition of the 3' end of the viral RNA by the viral RNA replicase.
Current Practices in the Treatment of Alzheimer Disease: Where is the Evidence After the Phase III Trials?

Abstract Purpose The purpose of this systematic review was to review the current place in therapy of the 4 medications, donepezil, rivastigmine, galantamine, and memantine, approved for the treatment of Alzheimer disease (AD) since the publication of Phase III trials. Methods A systematic literature search of MEDLINE and EMBASE was conducted for articles published in the past 10 years. The search was performed using the following Medical Subject Headings and text key words: Alzheimer's disease, treatment, donepezil, galantamine, rivastigmine, memantine, dementia of the Alzheimer's type, and dementia. Findings Studies that evaluated new doses, indications, and dose formulations remain a large part of the current literature. Donepezil gained approval for the treatment of severe AD and became available in a 23-mg/d dose formulation. Rivastigmine became available in a patch formulation. Memantine became available as an extended-release capsule. Use of a combination product formulation was recently approved, memantine extended release/donepezil. Controversy among clinicians remains regarding when to initiate therapy, appropriate duration of therapy, and how and when to discontinue the treatment of AD. Implications Only drugs that affect cholinergic function have shown consistent, but modest, clinical effects, even in late-phase trials. There is a need for a better appreciation of the various risk factors and drug targets for the treatment of AD. The wide range of targets makes it unlikely that affecting only 1 of those targets (eg, cholinergic function or N -methyl-d-aspartate) will lead to a more than minimally effective treatment option, regardless of when a treatment is started and discontinued. There is substantial opportunity for the continued growth and development of drugs and clinical trial expansion for the treatment of AD.
Rephasing invariant parametrization of flavor mixing matrices

The three-flavor mixing matrix can be parameterized by the rephasing invariants {gamma}{sub ijk}=V{sub 1i}V{sub 2j}V{sub 3k}. This formulation brings out the inherent symmetry of the problem and has some appealing features. Examples illustrating the parametrization and applications to quark mixing are presented.
Indoor environmental quality differences between office types in LEED-certified buildings in the US

Abstract The study compared IAQ, thermal quality, and lighting quality between 5 different office types in LEED-certified buildings in relation to employees' environmental satisfaction and their job performance. This was to provide workplaces where workers in each specific office environment could be provided with appropriate office settings regarding these IEQ criteria when organizations comply with LEED standards. The five types of office included private enclosed, private shared, open-plan with high cubicle over 5′, open-plan with low cubicle lower than 5′, and open-plan with no partitions (bullpen) offices. The study found IAQ enhanced workers' job performance in enclosed private offices more than both high cubicles and low cubicles. All four office types had higher satisfaction with the amount of light and visual comfort of light as well as more enhancement with job performance due to lighting quality than high cubicles. There was no difference in thermal quality between the five office types. IAQ and lighting quality were not different between enclosed private, enclosed shared, and bullpen office types, either. The study findings suggest a careful workplace design considering the height of partitions in LEED-certified buildings to improve employee's environmental satisfaction and job performance.
Social Isolation and Cognitive Function in Appalachian Older Adults

Objective:Investigating the relation between social isolation and cognitive function will allow us to identify components to incorporate into cognitive interventions.Method:Data were collected from...
Japan's Network Economy: Structure, Persistence, and Change

The article presents a review of a book entitled “Japan's Network Economy: Structure, Persistence, and Change,” James R. Lincoln and Michael L. Gerlach.
A Cognitive Approach for Congestion Control in High Traffic Networks

Network congestion is one of challenging tasks in communication networks and leads to queuing delay, packet loss or the blocking of new connections. Here, a cognitive method is proposed to deal with network congestion. Unlike previous methods for congestion control, the proposed method is an intelligent approach for congestion control when the link capacity and information inquiries are unknown or variable. Based on simulation results, the cognitive method is capable of optimally adjusting the available bandwidth, to provide optimal communication services in network.
Calibration Experiments for a Computer Vision Oyster Volume Estimation System

Calibration is a technique that is commonly used in science and engineering research that requires calibrating measurement tools for obtaining more accurate measurements. It is an important technique in various industries. In many situations, calibration is an application of linear regression, and is a good topic to be included when explaining and learning the concepts of linear regression. However, calibration is not often mentioned in the introductory statistics textbooks or in the introductory statistics classrooms. The goal of this paper is to share with instructors an example with real data for simple linear regression and its application in calibration. It can be used as a lecture example, a class project, or a lab activity.
Performance Characteristics of the Kin-Com® Dynamometer

Background and Purpose. The purpose of this study was to assess the performance characteristics of a Kin-Com® dynamometer (model #500–11) under controlled conditions. Methods. Comparisons were made between measurements of force, angle, and velocity obtained from the Kin-Com® and measurements acquired from an external recording system of known weights, angles, and user-set velocities. The strength of the linear relationships between measurements obtained with the different recording systems was analyzed using a coefficient of determination (r2). An intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC[2,1]) was used to examine the reliability of the force, angle, and velocity measurements obtained with each recording system on 2 different days. Results. In all conditions, the coefficient of determination for the force, angle, and velocity comparisons was above .99. The ICC for between-day comparisons for all force, angle, and velocity measurements was above .99. Conclusion and Discussion. Our results indicate that the static measurements of force and angle that are necessary for use in the gravity-correction procedure and isometric testing are accurate and replicable between days. The Kin-Com® dynamometer's control system regulating lever arm velocity is also accurate and replicable under a no-load condition. It was ascertained during the velocity testing that the use of any acceleration and deceleration mode other than “high” resulted in a loss of excursion of the lever arm.
Use of Health Services by Children Who Were Identified During the Postpartum Period as Being at High Risk of Child Abuse or Neglect

OBJECTIVE: To examine the rates of hospitalizations of children identified as being at high risk of maltreatment compared with a socio-demographically similar comparison group. DESIGN: retrospective study comparing a high-risk cohort with a socio-demographically matched comparison group at Yale-New Haven Hospital (New Haven, CT). PATIENTS: One hundred fourteen children who were identified from January 1979 through December 1981 by clinicians on the postpartum ward as being at high risk of abuse or neglect and 114 sociodemographically similar comparison children who were matched according to date of birth, race, gender, and method of payment for the hospitalization. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: During the first 4 years of life, the number of hospitalizations, reasons for admissions, and appropriateness of days in the hospital using the Pediatric Appropriateness Evaluation Protocol. RESULTS: Significantly more high-risk children were hospitalized (40% vs 22%; risk ratio 1.84; 95% confidence interval, 1.23-2.74). High-risk children were hospitalized for 649 (mean, 9.0) days versus 124 (mean, 3.8) days in comparison children. For admissions for medical problems, 28% of hospital days in the high-risk group were considered inappropriate by the Pediatric Appropriateness Evaluation Protocol versus 8% in the comparison group. CONCLUSIONS: There are substantial differences in the rates of hospitalizations, lengths of stay, and appropriateness of days in children identified as being at high risk of maltreatment compared with a sociodemographically similar, non-high-risk group. Preventive programs that are aimed at reducing rates of child maltreatment in high-risk young children also should examine the program's effects on the use of hospital care. Language: en
Optimal multi-path routing and bandwidth allocation under utility max-min fairness

An important goal of bandwidth allocation is to maximize the utilization of network resources while sharing the resources in a fair manner among network flows. To strike a balance between fairness and throughput, a widely studied criterion in the network community is the notion of max-min fairness. However, the majority of work on max-min fairness has been limited to the case where the routing of flows has already been defined and this routing is usually based on a single fixed routing path for each flow. In this paper, we consider the more general problem in which the routing of flows, possibly over multiple paths per flow, is an optimization parameter in the bandwidth allocation problem. Our goal is to determine a routing assignment for each flow so that the bandwidth allocation achieves optimal utility max-min fairness with respect to all feasible routings of flows. We present evaluations of our proposed multi-path utility max-min fair allocation algorithms on a statistical traffic engineering application to show that significantly higher minimum utility can be achieved when multi-path routing is considered simultaneously with bandwidth allocation under utility max-min fairness, and this higher minimum utility corresponds to significant application performance improvements.
I. Functional consequences of intragastrically administered ethanol in rats as measured by the 2.[14C]deoxygluocse method

The 2-[ 14 C] deoxyglucose (2DG) method was used to examine the effects of the acute, intragastric (IG) administration of ethanol on rates of local cerebral glucose utilization (LCGU) in male Sprague-Dawley rats. The 2DG technique was initiated 3 min after the administration of 0.25, 1.0, or 2.0 g/kg ethanol. Each dose of ethanol examined produced a discrete pattern of change in functional activity. The administration of 0.25 g/kg ethanol increased LCGU in structures of the mesocorticolimbic and nigrostriatal circuits. The administration of 1.0 and 2.0 g/kg ethanol, however, produced a more limited pattem of changes in LCGU, with increases observed primarily in the mesocorticolimbic circuit. The increases in functional activity observed after the administration of the 0.25 g/kg ethanol dose were more widespread, and generally of larger magnitude, as compared to the 1.0 and 2.0 g/kg ethanol doses. These data indicate that structures of the mesocorticolimbic system are particularly sensitive to the effects of both low and high doses of ethanol when the effects are measured on the ascending limb of the blood ethanol curve.
X‐Ray Spectroscopic Investigation of Chlorinated Graphene: Surface Structure and Electronic Effects

Chemical doping of graphene represents a powerful means of tailoring its electronic properties. Synchrotron-based X-ray spectroscopy offers an effective route to investigate the surface electronic and chemical states of functionalizing dopants. In this work, a suite of X-ray techniques is used, including near edge X-ray absorption fi ne structure spectroscopy, X-ray photoemission spectroscopy, and photoemission threshold measurements, to systematically study plasma-based chlorinated graphene on different substrates, with special focus on its dopant concentration, surface binding energy, bonding confi guration, and work function shift. Detailed spectroscopic evidence of C‐Cl bond formation at the surface of single layer graphene and correlation of the magnitude of p-type doping with the surface coverage of adsorbed chlorine is demonstrated for the fi rst time. It is shown that the chlorination process is a highly nonintrusive doping technology, which can effectively produce strongly p-doped graphene with the 2D nature and long-range periodicity of the electronic structure of graphene intact. The measurements also reveal that the interaction between graphene and chlorine atoms shows strong substrate effects in terms of both surface coverage and work function shift.
Proteome Analysis by Mass Spectrometry

The coupling of high-performance mass spectrometry instrumentation with highly efficient chromatographic and electrophoretic separations has enabled rapid qualitative and quantitative analysis of thousands of proteins from minute samples of biological materials. Here, we review recent progress in the development and application of mass spectrometry-based techniques for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of global proteome samples derived from whole cells, tissues, or organisms. Techniques such as multidimensional peptide and protein separations coupled with mass spectrometry, accurate mass measurement of peptides from global proteome digests, and mass spectrometric characterization of intact proteins hold great promise for characterization of highly complex protein mixtures. Advances in chemical tagging and isotope labeling techniques have enabled quantitative analysis of proteomes, and highly specific isolation strategies have been developed aimed at selective analysis of posttranslationally modified proteins.
Midwest water policy examined

Policies to strengthen water resource development in the midwestern United States are summarized in a two-volume report by the Northeast-Midwest Congressional Coalition. ‘Water Resource Priorities for the Midwest’ examines regional implications of hazardous waste disposal, repair of urban water systems, reauthorization of the Clean Water Act, hydroelectric power, and port facilities. Water quality, water supply, and energy and transportation issues are also addressed. The project study area encompasses water resources in Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, Ohio, and Wisconsin and generally conforms to the U.S. Water Resources Council's Great Lakes, Ohio, and Upper Mississippi regions.
Intraoperative monitoring in vascular surgery

Doppler ultrasound and real-time B-mode ultrasonic imaging are useful techniques to monitor the technical success of reconstructive vascular operations. Gas-sterilized CW or pulsed Doppler probes permit audible or spectral detection of normal and abnormal blood velocity patterns associated with intimal flaps, thrombotic or platelet aggregates, retained venous valve cusps or arteriovenous fistulas. Real-time ultrasonic B-mode imaging allows detection of technical defects or thrombotic debris which is of particular importance in minimizing stroke or recurrent lesions following carotid endarterectomy. These ultrasonic techniques should become routine adjuncts for surgeons interested in defining localized pathology and hemodynamics, assuring technical integrity, detecting intraoperative defects, and predicting favorable outcome of vascular reconstruction procedures.
Venous Thromboembolism and Orthopedic Surgery

Thromboembolic events are common and feared complications of orthopedic surgery, particularly lower extremity arthroplasty. Both patient and procedure-related risk factors have been identified. Prevention, an important tenant of orthopedic care, involves pharmacologic, nonpharmacologic approaches. This chapter presents a general overview of the problem of thromboembolism in the orthopedic setting.
Modelling of Pressure Fluctuations in a Wellbore While Tripping

Assembling or dismantling drillstring sections during tripping operations results in a periodically accelerated or decelerated motion of the drillstring in the borehole. While running in or pulling out of hole the drillstring induces a flow of displaced fluid and a pressure change in the borehole. These pressure changes can be divided into two components: First, the “steady” pressure change associated with the mud viscous friction; and second, the pressure fluctuations caused by induced acceleration of the drilling fluid. Pressure surges are especially dangerous for the uncased well sections and at the bottom of the well, because they can damage and destroy the wellbore. The accurate prediction of pressure fluctuations is significant for wells where the pressure must be maintained within a narrow range to enable safe drilling and completion of the well. Sudden pressure changes in such wells may lead to the so-called water-hammer effect that can be observed in wells when pump operation modes change or when the string is accelerated. A large-scale water-hammer effect may damage the uncased section of a well, leading to fractures or formation fluid inflow.The objective of this paper is to estimate the magnitude of the pressure surges caused by accelerated movement of the drillstring. A mathematical model was formulated to describe the unsteady behavior of flow rate and pressure change along the well. The model involves a one-dimensional system of equations, which are a modification of the equations for hydraulic shocks in the annulus, and the cylindrical part of a well.When frictional losses are neglected, it is possible to derive an exact analytical solution of the problem. This analytical solution was used to estimate the maximum and minimum pressure in the borehole.When combined with the methods for frictional pressure losses, the suggested method can predict the pressure change in a wellbore while tripping. Newtonian and power law fluids were considered for the parameter study.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
The Effects of Selection Upon Susceptibility to Bird Malaria in Culex Pipiens Linn

(1929). The Effects of Selection Upon Susceptibility to Bird Malaria in Culex Pipiens Linn. Annals of Tropical Medicine & Parasitology: Vol. 23, No. 4, pp. 427-442.
Process Flexibility for Multi-Period Production Systems

We develop a theory for the design of process flexibility in a multi-period production system. We propose and formalize a notion of "effective chaining" termed the Generalized Chaining Condition (GCC), which includes the chaining structure put forth by \cite{JG95} as a special case. We show that any partial flexibility structure that satisfies GCC is near-optimal under a class of policies called the Max-Weight policies, i.e., gaining nearly as much benefit as a fully flexible system. Furthermore, we show that GCC can be satisfied using very sparse flexibility structures, and we provide an efficient algorithm for finding such structures. Our numerical study confirms insights from our theoretical results. The goal of this paper is to make progress towards the better understanding of the key design principles of process flexibility structures in a multi-period environment, the study of which has been limited due to its inherent complexity.
Soil-motion records for short exciter-detector distances

Soil-motion records resulting from studies on “soil dynamics” are analyzed. The investigation is restricted to exciter-pickup distances ranging from 10 to 200 ft (microseismics). Periodic and nonperiodic exciter forces are discussed. Surface displacements in the vertical and longitudinal direction (plane trajectories) and combined with the transverse direction (triaxial motions) have been analyzed.