cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mind, Body, and Spirit: Family Physicians’ Beliefs, Attitudes, and Practices Regarding the Integration of Patient Spirituality into Medical Care

This study used a qualitative approach to explore family physicians’ beliefs, attitudes, and practices regarding the integration of patient spirituality into clinical care. Participants included family medicine residents completing training in the Southwest USA. The qualitative approach drew upon phenomenology and elements of grounded-theory. In-depth interviews were conducted with each participant. Interviews were recorded, transcribed and coded using grounded-theory techniques. Four main themes regarding physicians’ attitudes, beliefs, and practices were apparent from the analyses; (1) nature of spiritual assessment in practice, (2) experience connecting spirituality and medicine, (3) personal barriers to clinical practice, and (4) reflected strengths of an integrated approach. There was an almost unanimous conviction among respondents that openness to discussing spirituality contributes to better health and physician–patient relationships and addressing spiritual issues requires sensitivity, patience, tolerance for ambiguity, dealing with time constraints, and sensitivity to ones “own spiritual place.” The residents’ voices in this study reflect an awareness of religious diversity, a sensitivity to the degree to which their beliefs differ from those of their patients, and a deep respect for the individual beliefs of their patients. Implications for practice and education are discussed.
Dilatationally nonlinear elastic materials—II. An example illustrating stress concentration reduction

Abstract This paper, which is the second in a two-part study, uses a specific boundary-value problem to illustrate some of the features of the theory discussed in the first part. Here, the spherically symmetric deformation of a hollow sphere which has a traction-free inner wall and a prescribed radial displacement δ at its outer wall is studied. The analysis is carried out within the small-strain theory of nonlinear elasticity and the body is assumed to be composed of an elastic material which is homogeneous and isotropic, and which has a linear response in shear and a trilinear response in dilatation. For a certain range of values of the applied displacement δ, the problem has an infinity of solutions and these describe configurations which involve a phase boundary; the strain field is continuous on either side of the phase boundary but suffers a jump discontinuity across it. A “kinetic law”, which is a supplementary constitutive law pertaining to particles located on the phase boundary and relating the driving traction on the phase boundary to its velocity, is then imposed, leading to a unique response in all quasi-static motions. As δ increases monotonically during a quasi-static motion, the hoop stress at the cavity first increases, then decreases discontinuously as the phase boundary emerges from the cavity wall, next increases slowly (or, for certain special kinetic laws, remains constant) as the phase boundary propagates outwards, and finally commences to increase at the original rate once the body has been fully transformed.
Assessing the changing face of the physics major: A case study

This paper focuses on a case study of significant change and reorientation within the curriculum and subsequent course progression of the physics program at American University. The change and reorientation of the curriculum was based on data obtained from comparative research of 22 national undergraduate programs in physics. Two major categories of national institutions were researched: (1) universities without graduate programs in physics, and (2) liberal arts colleges. Data from this research includes course offerings, major requirements, and electives offered. The changes and reorientation within the physics program at American University included the modification and extension of course offerings to provide a more robust and well- rounded curriculum. A new "track" was implemented allowing students to choose a concentration within the major that most closely aligns with their future plans. The changes were further designed to provide students with increased knowledge of physics along with the technical, scientific, and academic skills required to achieve success in later academic programs or in technical fields in the workforce. The skills targeted were selected based on national trends in employment of physics degree recipients. An assessment indicating the progress of the changes made to the program will be presented. The assessment is based on increased numbers of enrollment, retention, and graduation of physics majors and minors; course evaluation surveys completed by students; and post-graduation surveys. The current assessment occurred within the third year of an ongoing six-year departmental plan. The implementation of the planned changes and assessment of the associated results is ongoing. Based on the current implementation of the program changes and the associated assessment data, the success of this reorientation could represent a model adaptable for use by science, engineering, and technology programs at other institutions.
L-band/P-band SAR comparison for search and rescue: recent results

A key question in SAR-aided search is the relative utility of L-Band versus P-Band data. A continuing study is underway using target data collected by the NASA Search and Rescue Mission. This paper presents the most recent results of the investigation, including Navy P-3 SAR data at L-Band and JPL SAR data at L-band and P-band.
Chemical Solution Based MoS 2 Thin Film Deposition Based on Dimensional Reduction

As a promising transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDC), molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2 ) has recently attracted a lot of attention due to its graphene-liked two dimensional layer structure, which leads to potential applications in electronic and optoelectronic devices. However, the fabrication of mono- or few-layer MoS 2 is limited to ether liquid exfoliation or CVD, and the chemical solution deposition is limited to ammonium thiomolybdate-based precursor. In this paper, hydrazine-based dimensional reduction technique is applied in the chemical solution deposition of MoS 2 thin-film, and a larger area uniform thin-film is obtained from bulk powder MoS 2 . This solution-based process could be applied with a variety coating techniques and lead to wafer level MoS 2 thin film production.
Automated portfolio trading systems forensic forecast audit

Algorithmic trading systems strategies frequently deal with forecasting the profitability of the trade using regression analysis. Yet many of the elementary accounting textbook authors confuse very basic issues related to regression analysis. Forensic accounting tests such confusions in the courts and tries to clarify this as expert witnesses try to estimate the damages using a ‘but-if’ regression analysis. This paper takes some of these lessons and tries to evaluate them to see whether they apply to automated international portfolio trading systems strategies.
Social Heterogeneity and Volunteering in U.S. Cities

In this research we explore the relationship between social heterogeneity and volunteering across U.S. metropolitan areas testing a theory that race heterogeneity, racial segregation, and income inequality are negatively associated with the rate of volunteering. Theorizing that social heterogeneity will have different effects for religious and secular volunteering rates, we analyze them separately. We use nonlinear multilevel models to analyze nearly 200,000 individuals across 248 cities, controlling for nonprofits per capita, religious congregations per capita, proportion of the population with college degrees, and the family poverty rate. While much of the intercity variation in volunteering is due to the composition of the population living in each city, we find general support for the predicted negative effect of social heterogeneity on volunteering. However, the effects vary by volunteering type. Race heterogeneity is negatively related only to secular volunteering, racial segregation is negatively related to both general volunteering and secular volunteering, and income inequality is negatively related to all types of volunteering.
A highly mobile C-terminal tail of the Escherichia coli protein export chaperone SecB.

The Escherichia coli export chaperone SecB binds nascent precursors of certain periplasmic and outer membrane proteins and prevents them from folding or aggregating in the cytoplasm. In this study, we demonstrate that the C-terminal 13 residues of SecB were highly mobile using (1)H NMR spectroscopy. A protein lacking the C-terminal 13 amino acids of wild-type SecB was found to retain the ability to bind unfolded maltose-binding protein (MBP) in vitro but to interfere with the normal kinetics of pre-MBP export when overexpressed in vivo. The defect in export was reversed by overproduction of the peripheral membrane ATPase SecA. Therefore, deletion of the mobile region of SecB may alter the interactions of SecB with SecA.
Aristotle's Voice: Rhetoric, Theory, and Writing in America by Jasper Neel

Aristotle's Voice: Rhetoric, Theory, and Writing in America by Jasper Neel. Southern Illinois U P: Carbondale, 1994. 225 pp.
Clay Minerals in the Cretaceous Rocks of Florida

The clay minerals in the Cretaceous carbonate rocks of southern Florida, 7,000 to 10,000 ft thick, should be of value in interpreting the tectonic history of the Caribbean region. The Upper Cretaceous is characterized by montmorillonite and the Lower Cretaceous by illite. The lowermost Cretaceous rocks contain a well-crystallized 2M (two-layer monoclinic) illite; the illite becomes progressively less well crystallized upward. The rocks at the base of the Upper Cretaceous contain an abundance of kaolinite, which is presumably related to an unconformity between the Upper and Lower Cretaceous. Kaolinite is locally abundant in the Collier well and appears to be related to structural highs. Chlorite, brucite, and attapulgite are also present and locally abundant. The clay mineral distribution is largely related to changes in the source area and should provide information for interpreting the tectonic history of the Caribbean.
Q & A: The Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative

What is the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative and who funds it? The Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) is a large, highly collaborative longitudinal cohort study aiming to elucidate biomarker trajectories in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). ADNI was initially funded in 2004, based on the urgent need to understand potential biomarkers better in order to facilitate drug development, and the large cost and effort required to conduct appropriate studies. About two thirds of its budget is provided by the US National Institute on Aging (NIA), and about one third comes from pharmaceutical companies; private foundations have also contributed.
371°C (700°F) properties of Celion 6000/N-phenylnadimide modified PMR polyimide composites

The 371°C (700°F) properties of Celion 6000/N-phenylnadimide modified PMR-15 polyimide composites were investigated to determine the feasibility of using these materials at a 371°C (700°F) service temperature. The processing characteristics and physical and mechanical properties of the composite systems are presented. The results of the 371°C thermooxidative stability study suggest that the composite materials can be considered for short-term (at least 100 hours) application at 371°C.
Initiated chemical vapor deposition of perfectly alternating poly(styrene-alt-maleic anhydride)

Abstract The ability of initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD) to precisely control compositions of polymer thin films has been extended to the deposition of perfectly alternating copolymers of styrene (S) and maleic anhydride (Ma). The driving force for alternation is the electropositive nature of the maleic anhydride monomer complemented by the electronegative character of the styrene monomer. These interactions permit the incorporation of monomers that do not react (or only to a limited extent) via traditional free-radical homopolymerizations. This is seen in iCVD deposition rates of 0 and 5.5 nm/min for poly(styrene) and poly(maleic anhydride) thin films, respectively, when tert -butyl peroxide (TBPO) is used as initiator. Combining styrene and maleic anhydride yields a maximum deposition rate of 75.4 nm/min. At different gas feed ratios of Ma to S, films of identical composition are obtained. XPS survey scans reveal that the carbon to oxygen ratio is 4, in agreement with the predicted alternating structure. Additionally, alternating structures of the copolymers were confirmed using 13 C NMR, which reveals triad distributions. The reactivity of the anhydride functionality has been exploited in solventless derivatizations of films with 2-aminoethanethiol. The extent of derivatization is monitored with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).
Synthetic studies on arene-olepin cycloadditions-VII:1 a three-step total synthesis of (±)-silphinene

Abstract A three-step total synthesis of (±)-silphinene ( 1 ) is described which illustrates the high process selectivity attainable with the arene-olefin metaphotocycloaddition and a method for selective transformation of metacycloadducts.
Expressed emotion in families of chronic schizophrenics and its association with clinical measures

A controlled clinical study on the outcome of family intervention in chronic schizophrenics is being carried out in Athens. All subjects participating in the study reside with their families and attend a vocational rehabilitation unit. Those belonging to families characterized by high “Expressed Emotion” (EE) are randomly assigned to either the experimental or the control condition. The former receive family intervention combined with individual treatment, the latter individual treatment alone. 75 subjects have entered the study, and 121 relatives were interviewed with the Camberwell Family Interview. 40 patients (53.3%) were found to belong to high EE families. The present article presents the results of the baseline assessment. It was found that the EE status of the family was significantly associated with measures of psychopathology and social functioning (BPRS, GAS, DAS, number of residual symptoms). Further analyses revealed that these associations exist only when all key relatives express high EE. The implications of these findings are discussed.
Human Transcription-Repair Coupling Factor CSB/ERCC6 Is a DNA-stimulated ATPase but Is Not a Helicase and Does Not Disrupt the Ternary Transcription Complex of Stalled RNA Polymerase II

Transcription is coupled to repair in Escherichia coli and in humans. Proteins encoded by the mfd gene in E. coli and by the ERCC6/CSB gene in humans, both of which possess the so-called helicase motifs, are required for the coupling reaction. It has been shown that the Mfd protein is an ATPase but not a helicase and accomplishes coupling, in part, by disrupting the ternary complex of E. coli RNA polymerase stalled at the site of DNA damage. In this study we overproduced the human CSB protein using the baculovirus vector and purified and characterized the recombinant protein. CSB has an ATPase activity that is stimulated strongly by DNA; however, it neither acts as a helicase nor does it dissociate stalled RNA polymerase II, suggesting a coupling mechanism in humans different from that in prokaryotes. CSB is a DNA-binding protein, and it also binds to XPA, TFIIH, and the p34 subunit of TFIIE. These interactions are likely to play a role in recruiting repair proteins to ternary complexes formed at damage sites.
Measurement of the harmonic characteristics of radial distribution systems

This article presents the results of a project involving the measurement of distribution system harmonics on nominal 13.2 kV radial distribution systems. Measurements were taken on seven different distribution systems during the course of the project. The harmonics present on these systems were due to distributed harmonic sources. The measurement system and the analysis of the data from the measurements are presented. The analysis shows that similar harmonic patterns exist on these systems.
Embryonic development of the Glossiphoniid leech Theromyzon rude: Characterization of developmental stages

Abstract The embryonic development of the leech Theromyzon rude was studied under the dissecting microscope. Embryos were examined both live and after acid treatment that solubilizes the yolk, or vitelloplasm, and renders the embryos transparent. Most of the remaining cytoplasm, or teloplasm, of the uncleaved egg is passed on to five pairs of germinal cells, or teloblasts. Teloblasts arise sequentially from a set of precursor cells, or proteloblasts, that divide according to a modified spiral cleavage pattern. Each teloblast buds off a succession of smaller stem cells, which form a single row, or germinal bandlet, and to which the teloblast passes on its teloplasm. The five bilateral pairs of germinal bandlets thus produced give rise to most of the embryonic structures. A new notational system for the designation of proteloblasts, teloblasts, and their stem cells has been introduced. Development of the embryo, from the uncleaved egg to the completion of the gut, has been divided into 10 stages. At 14°C, completion of these 10 stages takes approximately 850 hr from the time the egg is laid.
Cloning, sequencing and expression of dinoflagellate luciferase DNA from a marine alga, Gonyaulax polyedra.

Abstract The marine dinoflagellate, Gonyaulax polyedra emits light in a reaction involving the enzymatic oxidation of its tetrapyrrole luciferin by molecular oxygen; its luciferase (LCF) single chain has an estimated molecular mass of 130 kDa, and exhibits a circadian rhythm in its activity. A cDNA expression library in the λZAPII vector was constructed from the polyadenylated RNA isolated from the Gonyaulax cells during the early night phase, the time at which LCF synthesis is believed to be greatest. Of the approx. 1.2 · 10 5 phages from the library screened with antibody against Gonyaulax LCF, 13 positive plaques were obtained. The nucleotide sequences of two of the larger inserts (2.4 kb and 1.6 kb in length), both carrying the poly(A) tail, were determined and found to be identical in the overlapping region. When expressed in Escherichia coli , both cDNA clones produced active luciferase. A Northern hybridization using the cDNA as a probe showed that the length of the lcf mRNA is approx. 4.1 kb, sufficiently long to encode the 130 kDa LCF. Analyses of polymerase chain reaction products, prepared using both the cloned cDNA and Gonyaulax chromosomal DNA as templates, indicated that the cloned region of the luciferase gene does not carry any introns. This represents the first dinoflagellate luciferase to be cloned and sequenced; its deduced amino acid sequence bears no significant homologies with that of any other luciferase, or any other sequence in the data base. The nucleotide sequence has been submitted to Genbank, accession #LO4648.
SEM analysis of amphibian mesodermal migration

At the end of gastrulation, the lateral mesoderm of amphibian embryos migrates ventrally between the ectoderm and the endoderm. The present study is an examination of the morphology of the leading cells of the mesodermal sheet and of the substratum over which they move (the inner surface of the ectoderm). The cells of the leading edge of the mesoderm are generally round, with very short and narrow flattened projections in the forward direction. These projections do not have a “ruffled” morphology, regardless of whether fixation is carried out before or after the ectoderm and mesoderm are dissected away from the endoderm. The inner surface of the ectoderm is covered with fine (450–500A) filamentous extracellular material and the ectoderm cells sometimes extend cytoplasmic processes (approx. 0.1 μ wide) onto the leading surface of the mesoderm or onto adjacent ectoderm cells. These studies indicate that the morphology of cell migration in amphibians is closer to that seen inFundulus than to that characteristic of chick or mammalian cells.
Transforming Growth Factor‐β1 Negatively Regulates Crystallin Expression in Teeth

Previously, we have reported that targeted overexpression of transforming growth factor (TGF) beta1 in the teeth of the transgenic mice (dTGF-beta1) results in a novel tooth phenotype phenomimicking the most prevalent tooth disorders in human. This phenotype was associated with discoloration and attrition of teeth due to defective mineralization. Here, we report a novel expression of crystallin family members in developing mouse teeth and its regulation by TGF-beta1 in these transgenic mice. AlphaB- and beta-crystallins were found to be elevated in dTGF-beta1 mouse teeth, whereas gamma-crystallin (gammaB, gammaC, and gammaF), a marker of cell differentiation, was significantly reduced. Because crystallins are believed to be stress-related proteins, their expression in teeth implicates them in a similar role because teeth are constantly subjected to physical friction and temperature fluctuations.
Magnetic resonance imaging determination of myometrial invasion in endometrial carcinoma

Fifteen patients with FIGO stage I biopsy confirmed endometrial adenocarcinoma underwent preoperative pelvic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to evaluate the presence and depth of myometrial invasion. Imaging was performed with a Diasonics superconducting imaging system operating at 0.35 T (15 MHz); multislice multi-spin-echo pulse sequences were used exclusively, with 5-mm contiguous sections. All patients then received primary therapy consisting of abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. Imaging findings were then compared with the uterine specimen histopathology. MRI was accurate in predicting the presence or absence of invasion in 13 of 15 cases (87%) and was able to discriminate superficial from deep invasion in 9 of 11 cases (82%). Based on our findings, we conclude that MRI appears to be an excellent technique for determining myometrial invasion, and that it may play a significant role in the preoperative planning of a thorough search for lymphatic spread in those patients considered to be at high risk by virtue of myometrial invasion.
Inhibition of growth, production of insulin-like growth factor-II (IGF-II), and expression of IGF-II mRNA of human cancer cell lines by antagonistic analogs of growth hormone-releasing hormone in vitro.

Antagonistic analogs of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) suppress growth of various tumors in vivo. This effect is exerted in part through inhibition of the GHRH–GH–insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I axis. Nevertheless, because autocrine/paracrine control of proliferation by IGF-II also is a major factor in many tumors, the interference with this growth-stimulating pathway would offer another approach to tumor control. We thus investigated whether GHRH antagonists MZ-4-71 and MZ-5-156 also act on the tumor cells directly by blocking the production of IGF-II. An increase in the IGF-II concentration in the media during culture was found in 13 of 26 human cancer cell lines tested. Reverse transcription–PCR studies on 8 of these cell lines showed that they also expressed IGF-II mRNA. Antagonists of GHRH significantly inhibited the rate of proliferation of mammary (MDA-MB-468 and ZR-75–1), prostatic (PC-3 and DU-145), and pancreatic (MiaPaCa-2, SW-1990, and Capan-2) cancer cell lines as shown by colorimetric and [3H]thymidine incorporation tests and reduced the expression of IGF-II mRNA in the cells and the concentration of IGF-II secreted into the culture medium. Growth and IGF-II production of lung (H-23 and H-69) and ovarian (OV-1063) cancer cells that express mRNA for IGF-II and excrete large quantities of IGF-II also was marginally suppressed by the antagonists. These findings suggest that antagonistic analogs of GHRH can inhibit growth of certain tumors not only by inhibiting the GHRH–GH–IGF-I axis, but also by reducing the IGF-II production and by interfering with the autocrine regulatory pathway.
Pressure-volume-temperature measurements on polymers and polymer mixtures

We have measured the PVT properties (density as a function of pressure and temperature) for polymers and polymer mixtures and analyzed these in terms of equations-of-state. The Cell Model equation (CM) gives a better description of the PVT properties of the pure polymers than the equation of Flory, Orwoll and Vrij (FOV). For the pure polymers we obtain the hard core pressure and hard core temperature. The hard core pressure depends on the cohesive energy, whereas the hard core temperature depends on the energy divided by the entropy. When we use the pure component parameters to describe mixture phase diagrams the CM equation is more consistent with experimental data. For the mixtures the energy depends on those of the pure components modified by an interaction parameter. The interaction parameter can thus be determined from the hard core pressures and temperatures. For high polymer mixtures the resulting parameter determined from the hard core pressure is unphysically large and negative whereas that from the hard core temperature is unphysically large and positive. Neither value coincides with those required to explain the phase diagrams or those obtained from methods such as heats of mixing of oligomers. We suggest possible reasons for this discrepancy.
Pathological lattice field theory for interacting strings

Abstract A path integral expression for closed Nambu-Goto strings interacting by breaking and joining is shown to be pathological by using an equivalent euclidean lattice field theory. A class of interactions which correct this problem is discussed. Dyson-Schwinger equations are derived for string vacuum expectation values.
A continuum model for lattice structures with geometric and material nonlinearities

Abstract An equivalent continuum methodology offers an attractive alternative, or supplement, to classical discrete finite element procedures for the analysis of lattice structures. Effective continuum models can lead to reduced order models of lattice structures which are computationally very efficient. A number of continuum models have recently been proposed for analysis of lattice structures including one developed by the authors. The majority of these models have been concerned with linear analysis although some work has been done in the area of geometrical nonlinearities. To the authors' knowledge none of the existing continuum models have been extended to the analysis of lattices with general (i.e. both geometric and material) nonlinearities. The objective of the work reported herein was the development of a continuum model for general nonlinear analysis of lattice structures. The formulation of a continuum procedure for general nonlinear behavior is given. A continuum finite element is derived and a computational algorithm for nonlinear analysis is outlined. A number of applications of the continuum method for classical elasto-plastic material constitutive behavior are presented and compared to discrete finite element solutions. The examples illustrate the potential economy of the continuum finite element analysis vs classical discrete finite element analysis.
Meiotic and mitotic stability of transforming DNA in the phytopathogenic fungus Magnaporthe grisea

Magnaporthe grisea was transformed with cosmid pAN7-2 encoding hygromycin B resistance but containing no homology with the M. grisea genome. Rearrangement of the integrated DNA was detected in several hygromycin B-resistant progeny from cross Guy11-T10-1 (a single-copy integration site transformant)x2539 (sensitive wild-type parent), but not in hygromycin B-resistant progeny from four other crosses. Transformants produced typical lesions when inoculated onto host plants. Southern hybridization revealed rearrangements of integrated DNA in single conidial isolates of highcopy transformant 2539-T1-1 re-isolated from host plants, characterized by excision of one or more copies of the transforming plasmid. Plasmid loss and rearrangement were also observed within single conidial isolates derived from transformant 2539-T1-1 following ten asexual generations on non-selective agar medium. These examples of instability of integrated DNA in M. grisea transformants suggest that caution should be exercised in the use of transformation for assessing the phenotypic effects of specific introduced genes.
Duropleural Fistula Manifested as a Large Pleural Transudate: An Unusual Complication of Transthoracic Diskectomy

A 52-year-old patient presented with large symptomatic transudative pleural effusion 4 months following T8 to T9 transthoracic diskectomy. Anterior approach diskectomy has replaced the traditional laminectomy for treating symptomatic centrally herniated and calcified thoracic disks. We describe in this report the first case of a large cerebrospinal fluid collection in the pleural cavity caused by persistent postoperative duropleural fistula. The possibility of a duropleural fistula should be entertained in patients who present with a pleural effusion following transthoracic diskectomy.
Vibrational spectroscopy studies of Co2(CO)6(PPh3)2/Al2O3 interacting with CO, H2 and C3H6

Abstract Five wt.% of bis(triphenylphosphine)dicobalt hexacarbonyl supported on γ-alumina (BDSA)was prepared by grinding Co 2 (CO) 6 (PPh 3 ) 2 and γ-alumina together in a glove box. Raman and photoacoustic (PAS) bands of BDSA at room temperature in the range of wave numbers between 950 and 1600 cm −1 indicated an interaction of the phenyl groups in Co 2 (CO) 6 (PPh 3 ) 2 with hydroxyl groups on the surface of γ-alumina. A new Raman band appeared at 1797 cm −1 and was assigned to a carbonyl species hydrogen-bonded to hydroxyl groups on the surface of γ-alumina. At elevated temperature under vacuum, this hydrogen-bonded species disappeared and the appearance of a partially decarbonylated species was identified by Raman spectroscopy. The BDSA was equilibrated with CO, H 2 and C 3 H 6 at room temperature, at 85 °C and at 170 °C. At 170 °C, the Raman and diffuse reflectance spectra of BDSA are both quite different from those of BDSA below 110 °C. Hydro-formylation occurred at 170 °C and ambient pressure to produce aldehydes. The cobalt carbonyl species supported on γ-alumina at 170 °C was no longer a dicobalt species; it had been converted into a tetrameric cobalt cluster. Similar results were observed under homogeneous reaction conditions.
Trough waveguide dual-frequency antenna

A new type of dual-frequency antenna using a hollow-fin trough waveguide is described. The hollow fin is used as a TE_{10} mode waveguide with sidewall radiating elements. These Sidewall radiating elements constitute the high-frequency section of the antenna. The low-frequency section consists of a thick hollow-fin trough waveguide antenna. The attenuation due to radiation and waveguide wavelength of the trough waveguide section are analyzed. This analysis shows good agreement with experimental measurements. Existing data may be used as a guide in the design of the high-frequency section of this antenna, and the data presented may be used as a guide in the design of the low-frequency section.
Spatial numerosity discrimination as contingent upon sensory and extrinsic factors

Stimulus value, number, and exposure time were varied systematically to determine their joint and independent effects on number discrimination. It was concluded that stimulus value can function to alter immediate estimations of spatial number but that mediational counting and sensory subitizing of patterns are unaffected.
Observations from the field

A senior vice president of a leading not-for-profit health maintenance organization calls for more focused research on the financial incentives that affect the quality of care.
Reproductive significance of indirect pollen-tube growth in Dalechampia (Euphorbiaceae)

Most species of Dalechampia have expanded stigmatic surfaces that extend from the stylar tip part way down the sides of the elongated styles. Pollen grains landing at the stylar tip grow tubes directly down the style to the ovary. Pollen grains landing on the lateral stigmatic surfaces, however, exhibit indirect pollen-tube growth: the tubes grow first to the stylar tip, bend 1800, and then grow to the ovary. Indirect pollen-tube growth appears to be reproductively important: more than half the arriving pollen lands on the lateral stigmatic surfaces, and virtually all of these grains produce tubes that grow indirectly to the ovary; pollen on the lateral surface fertilizes seeds about as effectively as pollen at the tip (with direct tube growth). Indirect pollen-tube growth may be the result of a correlated response to selection for expanded stigmatic surfaces in Dalechampia, or it may be an adaptation to increase the intensity of pollen competition.
The Central Nervous System and Exposure to Toluene: A Risk Characterization☆

The principal health outcome of exposure to toluene is dysfunction of the central nervous system. Effects range from fatalities and severe neurological disorders in toluene abuse situations to deficits in neurobehavioral function in occupational populations. An Inhalation Reference Concentration (RfC) of 0.4 mg toluene/m3 or 0.1 ppm was developed by the U.S. EPA to protect general populations chronically exposed to toluene. The RfC was derived from results of an occupational study involving Asian workers who developed neurobehavioral deficits at a mean toluene exposure level at the time of the study of 88 ppm. The derivation incorporated several uncertainty factors, one of which was a factor of 10 to account for sensitive subpopulations. Recent evidence indicates that some Japanese and possibly other Asian populations harbor a defective gene for aldehyde dehydrogenase, and thus exhibit a decreased rate of toluene metabolism. Although it is not known if reduced metabolism by aldehyde dehydrogenase also was a factor in the occupational study, preshift blood levels of toluene were considerably higher than preshift levels from non-Asian workers exposed to similar air levels of toluene. The elevated blood levels are consistent with defective metabolism but remain to be confirmed. Inasmuch as air levels of toluene in urban environments are about 10-fold lower than the RfC, an adequate measure of protection is afforded by the RfC with or without an uncertainty factor for sensitive subgroups. However, the uncertainty factor for sensitive subgroups should be retained because there is no information regarding toluene metabolism in children.
SERIAL LEARNING OF HETEROGENEOUS ITEMS IN ORDERED AND UNORDERED SEQUENCES

Summa?y.-The present study tests the acquisition-strategy hypothesis of serial learning, which attributes the serial-position effect to consistent orders of item acquisition among individual Ss, and over-all learning difficulty in part to the ease of establishing an order of acquisition. As predicted, lists of CVC trigrams which were organized in terms of associative values to facilitate a temporal beginning-to-end strategy of acquisition were learned faster than unorganized lists or lists organized from end to beginning. Also as predicted, an unorganized array of heterogeneous trigrams produced more errors and less regularity of the serial-position curves than, a homogeneous series. Results thus supported the strategy hypothesis of serial learning. The classical serial-position effect reflects different rates of learning due to the relative position of items, because ordinarily the items themselves are about equally difficult. Several theories attribute this effect to Ss' strategies of learning the items in a consistent order (e.g., Feigenbaum & Simon, 1962; Harcum & Coppage, 1965; Jensen, 1962a). According to such theories, S typically learns the temporally first item first, and then adds adjacent items to this "anchor" in both forward and backward directions. For a series of heterogeneous items the extra competition between potential strategies of ordering should inhibit learning if the intrinsic differences in learnability are haphazardly atracged. Buc, on the contrary, if the items are so ordered that intrinsic differences in difficulty support a coherent (usually beginning-toend) organization, then the learning should be faster for heterogeneous items. Learning has been found to 5e facilitated by addition of internal associative structure. For example, learnicg and recall are improved when the items can be placed in the context of a nerrative sentence or story (e.g., Bower & Clark, 1969; Guilford, 1927; Levin & Rohwer, 1968; Simpson, 1967). Similarly, structure produced by morphology and syntax (O'Connell, Stubbs, & Theby, 1968) and by meaningful internal clustering (Weingarcner, 1963) also facilitates serial learning. Miller (1965 ) found items grouped into categories were learned faster than the same items arranged in haphazard order. Subjective bases of organization also aid serial Learning. Gardner, Nappe, and Wallace (1968) required each S first to place 15 words in a sequence that would be, for him, easiest to learn by serial anticipation. Later S learned his own list and also a list similarly ordered by someone else, and also a randomly ordered
Gain error correction technique for pipelined analogue-to-digital converters

A gain error correction (GEC) technique is presented that continuously measures and digitally compensates for analogue gain errors present in each stage of a pipelined analogue-to-digital-converter (ADC). Simulations with and without the GEC technique indicate that the technique results in a large improvement in the signal-to-noise-and-distortion (SINAD) and spurious-free-dynamic-range (SFDR) of the converter.
Risk factors for failure to meet listing requirements in liver transplant candidates with alcoholic cirrhosis.

Background The majority of liver transplant centers require a 6-month abstinence period before listing candidates for liver transplantation with alcoholic cirrhosis and a persistent sobriety thereafter. We attempted to identify risk factors for failure to comply with these requirements. Methods Ninety-nine consecutive patients with alcoholic cirrhosis were referred for liver transplant evaluation between September 1996 and May 1998. The mean age was 49 years, 74% were male, and 54% were hepatitis C virus positive. To be listed, patients had to meet the following requirements. All patients received extensive psychosocial evaluations and were frequently monitored with random urine and blood alcohol tests; patients found positive were excluded or removed from the liver transplant waiting list. Detailed patient information was entered into a computerized database, and 36 discreet variables were analyzed in relation to success (patient listed and remained on the list) or failure (not listed or removed from the list based on noncompliance). Results Forty-nine patients were successfully listed. Nineteen received a transplant, with a 95% 1-year patient and graft survival rate and 21% alcohol relapse rate after transplantation. Twenty-two patients had either medical contraindication and/or died before transplant listing. Twenty-four patients were never listed and four were removed from the list due to recurrent alcoholism, for a total of 28 failures. Our statistical analysis identified five significant risk factors for failure: (I) living arrangement (alone/family versus community/friend), P=0.006; (II) history of suicide ideation, P=0.03; (III) history of previous alcohol-related hospitalization, P=0.01; (IV) lack of previous alcoholic rehabilitation before transplant evaluation, P=0.001; and (V) failure to accept further alcoholic rehabilitation before orthotopic liver transplantation, P=0.01. Conclusions Our experience confirms that transplantation can be extremely successful in properly selected patients with alcoholic cirrhosis. We identified several predictive psychosocial factors of early alcoholic recidivism in transplant candidates.
The antiandrogenic effect of finasteride against a mutant androgen receptor

Finasteride is known to inhibit Type 2 5α-reductase and thus block the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone (DHT). The structural similarity of finasteride to DHT raises the possibility that finasteride may also interfere with the function of the androgen receptor (AR). Experiments were carried out to evaluate the antiandrogenic effect of finasteride in LNCaP, C4-2 and VCaP human prostate cancer cells. Finasteride decreased DHT binding to AR, and DHT-stimulated AR activity and cell growth in LNCaP and C4-2 cells, but not in VCaP cells. LNCaP and C4-2 (derived from castration-resistant LNCaP) cells express the T877A mutant AR, while VCaP cells express the wild type AR. When PC-3 cells, which are AR-null, were transfected with either the wild type or the T877A mutant AR, only the mutant AR-expressing cells were sensitive to finasteride inhibition of DHT binding. Peroxiredoxin-1 (Prx1) is a novel endogenous facilitator of AR binding to DHT. In Prx1-rich LNCaP cells, the combination of Prx1 knockdown and finasteride was found to produce a greater inhibitory effect on AR activity and cell growth than either treatment alone. The observation suggests that cells with a low expression of Prx1 are likely to be more responsive to the antiandrogenic effect of finasteride. Additional studies showed that the efficacy of finasteride was comparable to that of bicalutamide (a widely used non-steroidal antiandrogen). The implication of the above findings is discussed in the context of developing strategies to improve the outcome of androgen deprivation therapy.
Integration of pulsed loads into a Microgrid architecture

Summary form only given. Many pulsed power systems (PPSs) are fielded in civilian applications however the vast majorities are developed for use in areas of defense. The PPSs are almost always high power/energy in nature and are often required to operate in a fast repetitive mode of operation. This load profile is extremely taxing on the fossil fuel based generators from which the prime power originates when used in forward operating bases (FOBs) or aboard movable platforms. Conventional electrical grid architectures, which are used both on land and aboard movable vehicles, are being transitioned into MicroGrids, which integrate as many different types of distributed electrical generation sources (DEGSs) as possible. As this conversion process unfolds, it is critical to understand what generation sources are needed to ensure that both conventional AC loads and high repetitive pulsed power loads can be sourced simultaneously without impacting the power quality of either. Many of the DEGSs being installed are renewable technologies which are often either power or energy dense but not both. Since pulsed power loads are vastly different than conventional loads, evaluation of how to integrate them into these new grid architectures is needed. Hybrid energy storage modules (HESMs) that integrate various energy storage technologies such as lithium-ion batteries, lithium-ion capacitors, and electric double layer capacitors, will play a key role in leveling the simultaneous operation of these types of loads. Further, novel bi-directional power electronic converters are needed to intelligently control and optimize the flow of energy from all of the vastly different generation sources. While much research is being performed in the area of MicroGrids, few are evaluating the integration of pulsed power loads. Research, sponsored by the US Office of Naval Research, is being performed at UT Arlington to evaluate how the power quality is impacted when high power conventional and pulsed power loads are sourced simultaneously. A MicroGrid testbed has been developed which is capable of simulating the operation of pulsed power loads simultaneously with high power AC loads. The rational for the research, the grid architecture, and the results collected thus far will be discussed.
Statistical investigation of factors affecting rotational motion in even-even nuclei.

The distribution of rotational energy spacings for low-spin yrast states in over two thousand pairs of deformed rare-earth even-even nuclei are studied to determine key factors that correlate with the moments of inertia. Nuclei with near identical [ital P] values ([ital P]=[ital N][sub [ital p]]N[sub [ital n]]/[[ital N][sub [ital p]]+[ital N][sub [ital n]]] where [ital N][sub [ital p]] and [ital N][sub [ital n]] are the numbers of valence protons and valence neutrons) are more than an order of magnitude more likely to show near identical bands than nuclei with different [ital P] values. This is, by far, the highest correlation found: no other variable is even 20% as effective. The statistical significance of these large [ital P] enhancements and the special relation between [ital P] and ground-state mean-field structures is confirmed by a complementary analysis of negative parity near identical bands, which show no [ital P] enhancement at all.
Voices from the Black Box: Folk Song, Boy Scouts and the Construction of Folk Nationalist Hegemony in Hungary, 1930–1944

In the late 1930's, Hungarian nationalists initiated a variety of group activities intended to foster a profound sense of personal connection to territories lost to the Hungarian state after World War I. Many involved collecting or performing folk songs, as folk music science was central to the Hungarian nationalist belief in an enduring “folk soul.” The Boy Scout Ethnography Program was a prime example, encouraging children to experience themselves, the territories and their peoples as “deeply Hungarian.” But nationalist ideologues did not “create” experiences of deepened nationality; the scouts actively worked to make sensible a highly contradictory ideology. Thus ideologues and their targets worked together to build nationalist hegemony.
Effects of wind-induced ionization layers on ionospheric electrodynamics

Abstract The electrodynamic consequences of ionization layers produced by zonal and meridional winds are examined by investigating the height integrated Pedersen conductivity, wind driven currents, and their spatial gradients, in the presence and absence of such layers. We find that a wind induced layer itself has little effect on the height integrated Pedersen conductivity when the process of layer creation involves depletion as well as enhancement of the nominal background profile. The altitude gradients in the conductivity associated with the layer are both positive and negative and in the presence of neutral winds with long vertical wavelengths, they contribute little to the height integrated current divergence. However, short vertical wavelength meridional winds responsible for layer formation drive zonal currents with a divergence that depends on the horizontal scale of the layer itself and is likely to be small compared to the vertical gradients. A significant contribution to the gradient in the height integrated meridional current is produced by the combined action of the layer conductivity and a short vertical wavelength zonal wind. In this case the presence of a layer can easily change this gradient by a factor of 2 and thus significantly effect the global electrodynamics.
Microcanonical ensemble Monte Carlo method

A method for carrying out Monte Carlo calculations for condensed-matter systems in the microcanonical ensemble is formulated and illustrated with example calculations. A complete statistical mechanics associated with the Monte Carlo procedure is presented. The same method applies to any of the microcanonical-like shell ensembles.