cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An apparent case of brodifacoum toxicosis in a whelping dog.

A 7-y-old Weimaraner bitch was presented to emergency service after 3 h of active labor with no puppies produced. Hemoabdomen and hemothorax were present at the time of surgery; prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) were both found to be within normal ranges. Surgical cesarean section was performed; 4 dead puppies and 5 live puppies were delivered. Because hemostasis was difficult to achieve, a hysterectomy was performed; however, the dog died as the operation was being completed. At autopsy, the pleural cavity contained 1.5 L of unclotted blood; the peritoneal cavity was relatively normal, and no obvious hemorrhage was associated with the surgical sites. All 4 dead fetuses were opened, and their pleural cavities were filled with unclotted blood. An anticoagulant screen was performed, and brodifacoum was identified in the liver of the bitch. This case is unusual in that the PT and aPTT were within reference intervals, but brodifacoum was present in sufficient amounts to po...
Nontrivial Nature and Penetration Depth of Topological Surface States in SmB 6 Thin Films

The nontrivial feature and penetration depth of the topological surface states (TSS) in ${\mathrm{SmB}}_{6}$ were studied via spin pumping. The experiments used ${\mathrm{SmB}}_{6}$ thin films grown on the bulk magnetic insulator ${\mathrm{Y}}_{3}{\mathrm{Fe}}_{5}{\mathrm{O}}_{12}$ (YIG). Upon the excitation of magnetization precession in the YIG, a spin current is generated in the ${\mathrm{SmB}}_{6}$ that produces, via spin-orbit coupling, a lateral electrical voltage in the film. This spin-pumping voltage signal becomes considerably stronger as the temperature decreases from 150 to 10 K, and such an enhancement most likely originates from the spin-momentum locking of the TSS and may thereby serve as evidence for the nontrivial nature of the TSS. The voltage data also show a unique film thickness dependence that suggests a TSS depth of $\ensuremath{\sim}32\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{nm}$. The spin-pumping results are supported by transport measurements and analyses using a tight binding model.
The feasibility of a group stress management Liver SMART intervention for patients with end-stage liver disease: A pilot study

Objective Structured, empirically supported psychological interventions are lacking for patients who require organ transplantation. This stage IA psychotherapy development project developed and tested the feasibility, acceptability, tolerability, and preliminary efficacy of an 8-week group cognitive behavioral stress management intervention adapted for patients with end-stage liver disease awaiting liver transplantation. Method Twenty-nine English-speaking United Network for Organ Sharing-registered patients with end-stage liver disease from a single transplantation center enrolled in 8-week, group cognitive-behavioral liver stress management and relaxation training intervention adapted for patients with end-stage liver disease. Patients completed pre- and postintervention surveys that included the Beck Depression Inventory II and the Beck Anxiety Inventory. Feasibility, acceptability, tolerability, and preliminary efficacy were assessed.ResultAttendance rate was 69.40%. The intervention was rated as "good" to "excellent" by 100% of participants who completed the postintervention survey in teaching them new skills to relax and to cope with stress, and by 94.12% of participants in helping them feel supported while waiting for a liver transplant. No adverse events were recorded over the course of treatment. Attrition was 13.79%. Anxious and depressive symptoms were not statistically different after the intervention.Significance of resultsThe liver stress management and relaxation training intervention is feasible, acceptable, and tolerable to end-stage liver disease patients within a transplant clinic setting. Anxious and depressive symptoms remained stable postintervention. Randomized controlled trials are needed to study the intervention's effectiveness in this population.
Abstract 365: The impact of the RASSF1C-PIWIL1-piRNA pathway on DNA methylation

Introduction: Epigenomic regulation is becoming critically important in human cancers as epigenetically regulated genes can be used as biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, molecular classification of tumors, and predicting response to therapies. Hence, identification of epigenetic biomarkers for specific cancers is highly desirable for development of precision medicine tools. Recently we have identified a novel RASSF1C-PIWIL1-piRNA pathway that appears to promote lung cell proliferation and migration. PIWI-like proteins interact with piRNAs to form complexes that regulate gene expression at the transcriptional (epigenetic control) and translational (mRNA silencing) levels, leading to stimulation of cell stem renewal and proliferation. We have shown that RASSF1C modulates the PIWIL1-piRNA gene axis, suggesting the hypothesis that the RASSF1C-PIWI-piRNA pathway could potentially contribute to lung cancer stem cell development and progression, in part, through modulation of gene methylation of both oncogenic and tumor suppressor genes. Thus, we wanted to validate this hypothesis using a non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell model to determine if we can identify candidate genes targeted by the RASSF1C-PIWIL1-piRNA pathway through a gene methylation mechanism. Methods: We conducted a pilot study on the impact of over-expressing RASSF1C and knocking down RASSF1C and P1WIL1 expression on global gene DNA methylation in the NSCLC cell line H1299. DNA from cells over-expressing RASSF1C, RASSF1C-knockdown, PIWIL1-knockdwn, and control cells was used for the methylation study using the Reduced Representation Bisulfite Sequencing (RRBS) method. Results: Candidate Differentially Methylated Regions (DMR) were identified by comparing DNA methylation profiles of experimental and control cells. We found that over-expression of RASSF1C and knocking down RASSF1C and PIWIL1 modulated DNA methylation of genomic regions; and statistically significant candidate genes residing in hypo- and hyper-methylated regions in lung cancer cells were identified, including the Dual-specificity phosphatase 4 gene (DUSP4) that functions as a tumor suppressor. Conclusion: The RASSF1C-PIWI-piRNA pathway may play a critical role in epigenome regulation and genesis of lung cancer stem cells through modulation of key genes such as DUSP4. We found that RASSSF1C over-expression increases, while knock-down of RASSF1C or PIWIL1 decreases methylation/expression of the DUSP4 gene perhaps providing a potential mechanism through which the RASSF1C-PIWIL1-piRNA pathway could promote lung cancer stem cell development and progression. DUSP4 is an interesting target gene because knockdown of DUSP4 has recently been shown to enhance cancer stem cell formation. Citation Format: Yousef G. Amaar, Mark E. Reeves. The impact of the RASSF1C-PIWIL1-piRNA pathway on DNA methylation [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 365.
Pulsed ICR Studies with a One-Region Trapped Ion Analyzer Cell

The first mass spectrometer based upon the cyclotron resonance principle was developed in 1949.1,2 At that time the device was called an omegatron mass spectrometer. During the 1950’s a number of groups studied the theory of its operation in the hope of developing it as a compact, light-weight mass spectrometer. It was successfully applied to residual gas analysis in ultrahigh vacuum3–5 and to airborne sampling of the upper atmosphere. But in spite of a number of desireable features, the omegatron was never widely used because of its low mass range and low mass resolution; it was limited to unit resolution of about m/e 50.
Proofs of Storage: Theory, Constructions and Applications

Proofs of storage (PoS) are cryptographic protocols that allow a client to efficiently verify the integrity of remotely stored data. To use a PoS, the client sends an encoded version of its data to the server while keeping a small amount of state locally. At any point in time, the client can then verify the integrity of its data by executing a highly-efficient challenge-response protocol with the server.
Attributional Processes and the Development of Dysfunctional Behaviors

Within the last 20 years there has been an increasing tendency for theorists and researchers to acknowledge the importance of social—cognitive processes in the acquisition and maintenance of dysfunctional behaviors (e.g., Arnkoff & Mahoney, 1979; Bandura, 1977; Leary & Miller, 1986; Meichenbaum, 1977; Weary & Mirels, 1982; Wortman & Brehm, 1975). Of particular interest has been the notion that cognitions about oneself may serve as mediators in the maintenance and modification of various behavior patterns. For example, response—outcome expectations (Seligman, 1975), efficacy expectations (Bandura, 1977), self-instructions (Meichenbaum, 1977), and self-statements (Ellis, 1962) have all been proposed as mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis, maintenance, and therapeutic treatment of a variety of behavioral disorders. Many of these cognitive explanations of dysfunctional behaviors involve attributional activities, and in this chapter we will examine empirical evidence relevant to the possible role of attributional processes in the development of clinically relevant target behaviors. In particular, we will examine attributional activities as they relate to Seligman’s (e.g., Abramson et al., 1978) learned-helplessness model of depression and to Storms and McCaul’s (1976) model of the emotional exacerbation of dysfunctional behaviors. We will end our discussion with a treatment of research examining the notion that psychological symptoms may be used strategically to protect esteem.
Designs for Multivariable Systems

In Chapters 3 and 4, we developed adaptive state feedback and output feedback actuator failure compensation control schemes for single-output linear time-invariant systems with possible failures of redundant actuators whose effect on the system dynamic behavior is similar (so that an equal-actuation (or proportional actuation, see (1.15)) scheme for individual actuators can be used: υ1(t) = υ2(t)= ... = υ m (t)). All those schemes guarantee the closed-loop signal boundedness as well as asymptotic output tracking in the presence of uncertain actuator failures.
Tiltmeter Results from Adak

We have been measuring tilt on Adak since the summer of 1975 in an attempt to establish a correlation between the occurrence of earthquakes and a supposed precursory tilting of the ground. The problem is twofold: firstly, to establish the nature and size of the assumed precursory tilts, and secondly, to devise a way of installing and operating a network of tiltmeters capable of observing these tilts under the constraints imposed by the Aleutian conditions. USGS experience in California is of little help in predicting the character of precursory tilts in the Aleutians, because the tectonic setting is very different — a subduction zone rather than a strike-slip fault. The Aleutian conditions mean that, away from the immediate vicinity of the Adak townsite, sites are only accessible by helicopter, the instruments must be capable of unattended operation on batteries for one year, and the information must be telemetered in to Adak Observatory. So far we have only worked in the vicinity of the Adak townsite, but the ultimate requirement to cut the unbilical “hard wire” cord and move out to remote sites has played an important role in governing the techniques employed.
New Avenues for Antimicrobial Stewardship: The Case for Penicillin Skin Testing by Pharmacists

It is well-appreciated that patients with documented penicillin allergies often receive broader-spectrum antibiotics. This practice has been associated with increased antimicrobial resistance and cost. In recent years, considerable efforts have been made to spread awareness on the implications of self-reported penicillin allergies. The use of penicillin skin testing to evaluate for true allergies has been strongly recommended by major organizations for decades. However, testing remains underutilized. Current literature has suggested various models of incorporating penicillin allergy screening and testing by different healthcare practitioners (ie, physicians, allergists, nurses, pharmacists). We suggest broader adoption for the role of pharmacists in the provision of penicillin skin testing. This would help expand the service and maximize the potential benefits of penicillin skin testing.
Improving multiple model parameters of a complex fluid-loaded structure from acoustic measurements

A method for correcting multiple mechanical and acoustical properties in a finite element model using the Neumann series is presented and demonstrated with numerical examples. In previous work, the authors developed a method for estimating a model parameter in a complex structure using a Neumann series as an approximation to system response. The method computed the sensitivity of the system response due to changes in the parameter and subsequently determined the change needed in the parameter to bring model response into agreement with vibration measurements. This previous work demonstrated the accuracy and computational efficiency of the method when correcting one model parameter. In the present work, the authors extend the analysis to compute sensitivities for multiple parameters of a system, allowing for the correction of more than one parameter. The limits and accuracies of the method are explored for a canonical acoustic system in which a complex structure interacts with an acoustic medium. Two uncertain model parameters of the system are corrected by bringing model response into agreement with acoustic measurements. Results of these examples will be reviewed and presented to illustrate the accuracy and robustness of the method. A method for correcting multiple mechanical and acoustical properties in a finite element model using the Neumann series is presented and demonstrated with numerical examples. In previous work, the authors developed a method for estimating a model parameter in a complex structure using a Neumann series as an approximation to system response. The method computed the sensitivity of the system response due to changes in the parameter and subsequently determined the change needed in the parameter to bring model response into agreement with vibration measurements. This previous work demonstrated the accuracy and computational efficiency of the method when correcting one model parameter. In the present work, the authors extend the analysis to compute sensitivities for multiple parameters of a system, allowing for the correction of more than one parameter. The limits and accuracies of the method are explored for a canonical acoustic system in which a complex structure interacts with an acoustic medium. Two uncer...
Stride management assist exoskeleton vs functional gait training in stroke: A randomized trial.

Objective To test the hypothesis that gait training with a hip-assistive robotic exoskeleton improves clinical outcomes and strengthens the descending corticospinal drive to the lower limb muscles in persons with chronic stroke. Methods Fifty participants completed the randomized, single-blind, parallel study. Participants received over-ground gait training with the Honda Stride Management Assist (SMA) exoskeleton or intensity-matched functional gait training, delivered in 18 sessions over 6–8 weeks. Performance-based and self-reported clinical outcomes were measured at baseline, midpoint, and completion, and at a 3-month follow-up. Corticomotor excitability (CME) of 3 bilateral leg muscles was measured using transcranial magnetic stimulation. Results The primary outcome, walking speed, improved for the SMA group by completion of the program (0.24 ± 0.14 m/s difference, p Conclusions Gait training with the SMA improved walking speed in persons with chronic stroke, and may promote greater walking endurance, balance, and CME than functional gait training. Clinicaltrials.gov identifier NCT01994395. Classification of evidence This study provides Class I evidence that gait training with a hip-assistive exoskeleton increases clinical outcomes and CME in persons with chronic stroke, but does not significantly improve walking speeds compared to intensity-matched functional gait training.
Vascular repair after firearm injury is associated with increased morbidity and mortality.

Abstract Objective Firearm injuries have high morbidity and mortality. Presentation of injuries requiring concurrent vascular repair and its outcomes are unclear. Our study's objective was to characterize the injury details and to assess the associated mortality and morbidity after vascular repair. Methods The National Inpatient Sample was queried from 1993 to 2014 for all firearm injuries. International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision codes were used to identify firearm injuries and those who also underwent a vascular repair. Multivariable analysis was used to assess the effect of a concurrent vascular repair on outcomes. Results There were 648,662 firearm injuries identified; 63,973 (9.9%) involved a vascular repair. Overall, 88.7% of patients were male, and Medicaid was the most common insurance (40.2%). Intents were assault or legal intervention (60%), unintentional (24.2%), and suicide (8.6%). Patients undergoing vascular repair were younger, more often of black race and male sex, and on Medicaid insurance, with a lower household income and assault/legal intent (P 4 were independently associated with in-hospital mortality. Vascular repair was also independently associated with any complication (OR, 2.12; 95% CI, 1.98-2.28; P Conclusions Firearm injuries with vascular repair were independently associated with higher injury severity score and mortality. A majority of vascular repairs were performed for injury to the abdomen/pelvis and extremity with assault/legal intent, whereas head and neck injury and suicide intent were the least frequent.
Optimal Design of an Airborne Electronic Equipment Mounting Bracket

Based on the environmental condition of an airborne equipment, carry out some inverse operation of mechanical optimization to the equipment mounting bracket. Then based on the optimization results, three-dimensional model was designed. By comparing the results of the optimization and the initial state, we can see the output power spectral density is similar. It is proved that the optimization result don’t affect the mechanical transmission characteristics of the mounting frame and the optimization result meet the strength and stiffness condition in the case of removing material and less weight.
Green Practices II: Measuring Restaurant Managers'Psychological Attributes and Their Willingness to Charge for the “Green Practices”

“Green Practices” (GP) have become a major concern in the restaurant industry as a means of increasing social benefits and for sustaining business in the long run. Applying Stakeholder Theory to managers' GP orientations, this study examined managers' attitudes, preferences, and involvement with regard to GP and assessed the relationship between the psychological factors and managers' willingness to charge a premium to support such practices. The results of the study suggested that willingness to charge higher prices for socially responsible practices was significantly influenced by managers' preferences for and involvement in such practices. Importantly, it was illustrated that managers' preferences for such practices affect their decision to increase prices by more than 6%. On the other hand, it was also indicated that their attitude about GP measured by health concerns, environmental responsibility, charity, and consumer communication had little or no effect on managers' willingness to increas...
Equilibrium fluctuations of a semiflexible filament cross linked into a network

We examine the equilibrium fluctuation spectrum of a semiflexible filament segment in a network. The effect of this cross linking is to modify the mechanical boundary conditions at the end of the filament. We consider the effect of both tensile stress in the network and its elastic compliance. Most significantly, the network's compliance introduces a nonlinear term into the filament Hamiltonian even in the small-bending approximation. We analyze the effect of this nonlinearity upon the filament's fluctuation profile. We also find that there are three principal fluctuation regimes dominated by one of the following: (i) network tension, (ii) filament bending stiffness, or (iii) network compliance. This work provides the theoretical framework necessary to analyze activity microrheology, which uses the observed filament fluctuations as a noninvasive probe of tension in the network.
From Holocast Studies to Trauma Studies and Back Again

This essay argues that the proliferation of “zombie” themes and images across popular culture develops from the large impact of Holocaust studies on American culture and can be directly traced back to the images of the “muselman.” In advancing this argument, this essay will contribute to the growing literature that claims Holocaust studies as the predominant factor in postmodern theory.
Human Herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6) Detection in Alzheimer's Disease Cases and Controls Across Multiple Cohorts

The interplay between viral infection and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has long been an area of interest but proving causality has been elusive. Several recent studies have renewed the debate concerning the role of herpesviruses, and human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6) in particular, in AD. We screened for HHV-6 detection across three independent AD brain repositories, using (1) RNAseq datasets and (2) DNA samples extracted from AD and non-AD control brains. The RNAseq data were screened for pathogens against taxon references from over 25,000 microbes, including 118 human viruses, while DNA samples were probed for PCR reactivity to HHV-6A and HHV-6B. HHV-6 demonstrated little specificity to AD brains over controls by either method, while other viruses such as Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) were detected at comparable levels. These direct methods of viral detection do not suggest a strong association between HHV-6 and AD.
Development of a high payload, cancer-targeting liposomes of methyl aminolevulinate for intraoperative photodynamic diagnosis/therapy of peritoneal carcinomatosis.

Abstract Methyl aminolevulinate (MAL) is a photosensitizer topically used for photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) of skin pre-cancers and cancers. In this study, our goal is to expand the application of MAL to dual intraoperative PDD and PDT of peritoneal carcinomatosis. A new liposomal MAL formulation (lipMAL) designed for systemic or intraperitoneal administration was developed. LipMALs prepared by ammonium sulfate gradient technique achieved MAL payload up to 18% (w/w) with drug encapsulation efficiency in the range of 15.1–31.5%. All lipMALs demonstrated controlled MAL release behavior, and achieved strong fluorescence in cancer cells (SKOV3) but minimal fluorescence in non-cancer peritoneal cells (B14FAF28-G3). LipMALs led to significantly higher fluorescence levels than free MAL groups (P
The effects of strain and estrous cycle on heroin- and sugar-maintained responding in female rats

Abstract Heroin intake decreases during the proestrus phase of the estrous cycle in female, Long-Evans rats. The purpose of this study was to (1) determine if proestrus-associated decreases in heroin intake extend across rat strains and (2) determine if proestrus-associated decreases in responding extend to a nondrug reinforcer. Female rats were implanted with intravenous catheters and trained to self-administer heroin. Estrous cycle was tracked daily for the duration of the study. During testing, Lewis, Sprague Dawley, and Long-Evans rats self-administered low (0.0025 mg/kg) and high (0.0075 mg /kg) doses of heroin and then self-administered sugar on fixed ratio (FR1) schedules of reinforcement. Heroin intake decreased significantly during proestrus in all three rat strains under at least one dose condition; however, sugar intake did not decrease during proestrus in any strain. These data suggest that responding maintained by heroin, but not a nondrug reinforcer, significantly decreases during proestrus in female rats and that these effects are consistent across rat strain.
Commentary to Chapter 3

Elshtain is certainly not alone in wanting to avoid liberal solutions to the moral and political issues raised by the abortion dispute.1 And in a society like ours, where political life and the economy are thought to be structured by liberal assumptions, liberal solutions to all policy issues need criticism. However, criticisms of liberalism have come from two different groups, both of which prefer “social compacts” to social contracts. These groups have different motivations for their criticisms, different visions of the alternative Good Life, and opposed strategies for achieving their goals. Which social compact vision motivates Elshtain’s argument? And what guidance does either group’s vision offer us in the abortion dispute?
Copyright-Exempt Nonprofits: A Simple Proposal to Spur Innovation

New types of social networks have recently emerged that have facilitated the growth of a different kind of user-generated content: curation. The user finds various content from the Internet and then organizes or “curates” the content in a social network platform in a way that better serves the user’s purpose. For example, on Pinterest, users can “pin” content from the web onto their virtual “pinboards” that have topical categories of the users’ choice. The content typically involves a photograph (in reduced size) from the original web page that is then displayed on the user’s pinboard. Clicking on the photograph displays the actual photograph (or a copy of it), but displayed on the Pinterest website, with attribution and a link to the original website. In this way, the user is able to organize content from the web visually by the user’s own categories, such as favorite recipes, yoga instruction, furniture to buy, or places to travel.In the background of Internet curation lurks copyright law, waiting to rear its proverbial head. The kind of activity Pinterest facilitates may constitute copyright infringement, although at least an arguable defense based on fair use or the DMCA safe harbors exists. If a lawsuit is filed, an adverse decision against the site could put in jeopardy this emerging practice of content curation — quashing it generally.This Article offers a way for Congress to address, more generally, the recurring problem created by new speech technologies that disrupt copyright law. The proposal is for Congress to enact a copyright exemption for qualifying 501(c)(3) “charitable” non-profit entities. These entities will be “copyright exempt” for a limited purpose to develop and deploy new kinds of Internet speech technologies free for the public’s use. Under the proposed Nonprofit Internet Copyright Exemption (NICE) Act, such nonprofits and their users will enjoy a copyright exemption for noncommercial activity involving user-generated content, including Internet curation.
Estrogen Regulation of Neurotransmitter and Growth Factor Signaling in the Brain

Estrogens act in diverse brain regions to regulate reproductive and nonreproductive behaviors and neuronal functions, including mood, cognition, pain, seizures, sensorimotor integration, energy homeostasis, and neural degeneration due to aging, ischemia, and other insults. This chapter reviews evidence that estrogens act at multiple levels in many brain regions to modify synaptic neurotransmission. Identified targets of estrogen action include classical neurotransmitters and diverse peptides that function as neuromodulators. Estrogens act both presynaptically, regulating transmitter availability and/or release, and postsynaptically, governing cellular responses to released transmitter. Hormone-dependent alterations in neural responses to transmitters involve regulation of transmitter receptor expression and the efficacy of transmembrane signal transduction. Estrogens also determine which intracellular signal transduction pathways are activated when neurotransmitters bind their receptors. Emerging evidence suggests that estrogens can activate downstream molecules associated with growth factors and modify the crosstalk between growth factor and neurotransmitter receptor signaling pathways. Therefore, we also summarize findings indicating that physiologically relevant cross talk occurs among estrogen receptor, neurotransmitter receptor, and growth factor receptor signal transduction pathways. The data show that estrogens act throughout the brain to modulate neuronal excitability, synaptic efficacy, and neurogenesis, suggesting that these are fundamental mechanisms of steroid hormone action in the brain.
Grown-Up Income Shifting: Yesterday’s Kiddie Tax Is Not Enough

In 1986, concerned that wealthy parents were sheltering some of their income from taxes by giving some portion of their securities portfolios to their children, Congress enacted the “kiddie tax,” which taxes a child’s passive income at the child’s parents’ tax rate. By doing so, Congress intended to reduce tax-motivated income-shifting. Since its passage, however, there has been little serious consideration of whether the kiddie tax successfully prevents the targeted income-shifting.This Article reexamines the kiddie tax and concludes that it is both over- and underbroad. The kiddie tax subjects all of a child’s passive income, not just income resulting from tax-motivated income-shifting, to her parents’ higher tax rates, which distorts children’s saving and investing decisions. At the same time, the kiddie tax does nothing to prevent the transfer of appreciated property to children, itself a significant means of income-shifting. The Article concludes that, in order to more effectively prevent income-shifting while at the same time reducing its distortions on non-abusive decisions, the kiddie tax needs to grow up. A grown-up kiddie tax would apply only to income a child earned on assets received as a gift at her parents’ rate; all other income would be taxable to a child at her own rate. At the same time, the kiddie tax would be triggered based on when a child received the asset, not when she realized income. By replacing the current kiddie tax with the grown-up kiddie tax, the tax law will have better tools to police against income-shifting.
Part 1: Rock-Evalfyrolysis and Vitrinite Reflectance

Detailed organic geochemistry has been performed on a large number of Lower Mississippian-Upper Devonian Bakken shales from the North Dakota portion of the Williston Basin, and 28 oils mainly from Mississippian Madison Group rocks from different basinal areas. Here we report results of Rock-Eval pyrolysis and vitrinite reflectance (Ro) analyses. Variable paleoheat flows in the Williston Basin caused the threshold of intense hydrocarbon generation to occur at different depths in different basinal areas. in higher paleogeothermal gradient basinal areas, this event occurred at depths of 7,650-8,000 ft, and at 10,000 ft or deeper in lower paleogeothermal gradient areas of the Basin. Distinct organic metamorphic imprints in Williston Basin sediments were also caused by extreme, but variable, paleoheat flows in the basin, as well as secondary migration of crude oils from deep basinal source areas. The high paleoheat flows are postulated as being due to a Late Cretaceous-Paleocene aborted rift event. Only a small volume of Bakken shales in restricted areas of the Williston Basin was responsible for the oil found reservoired in Mississippian Madison Group rocks. However, this small shale volume has been responsible for a relatively large amount of crude oil.
The Effects of Service-Based Learning on Metacognitive Strategies During an Engineering Design Task

Service-based learning has become an emerging pedagogical tool for engineering education. Although there is a large body of literature reporting the benefits of service activities, most studies have relied on self-report measures and generalized learning contributions. Our evaluation went beyond self-perceptions by investigating the impact that service-based learning programs had on specific cognitive elements of engineering design. The primary goal of this project was to investigate what effects, if any, service activities had on the engineering design process. Verbal protocols were collected from ten engineering students during an open-ended, model-building design task. The five service students and five non-service students also completed post-task interviews and reflection papers. The students in our sample who had participated in service-based learning activities voiced more metacognitive phrases, demonstrated more accurate task analysis and clearer strategic planning skills, were more skilled at discriminating useful from superfluous information, and had a better understanding of clients’ needs and constraints. From our sample, it appears that participation in service-based learning activities enhances the design process of engineering students.
Resistive Ternary Content Addressable Memory Systems for Data-Intensive Computing

Power dissipation and memory bandwidth are significant performance bottlenecks in virtually all computer systems. Associative computing with ternary content addressable memory (TCAM) holds the potential to address both problems in a wide range of data intensive workloads. Power dissipation is reduced by eliminating instruction processing and data movement overheads present in a purely RAM-based system. Bandwidth demand is lowered by processing data directly on the TCAM chip, thereby decreasing off-chip traffic. Unfortunately, existing SRAM-based TCAM cells are more than 90 times larger than a DRAM cell at the same technology node, which limits the capacity of commercially available TCAMs to a few megabytes. This article examines the integration of gigascale TCAM systems based on resistive memories within a general-purpose computing platform. TCAM density is improved by novel, resistive memory cells that exploit phase change and spin-toque transfer magnetoresistive RAM technologies. TCAM chips are organized into a DDR3-compatible DIMM and are accessed through a software library with zero modifications to the processor or the motherboard. The proposed TCAM systems achieve average speedups of 3 to 4.5 times and average energy reductions of 5 to 8 times as compared to a conventional RAM-based system.
Scalable access to scientific data

The author use a simple analytic model to analyze the scalability of an infrastructure that generates high-level data products derived from raw data and then delivers them in response to user requests. He also discusses the concept of metadata and how it generally facilitates access to scientific data.
Water‐soluble organic aerosol in the Los Angeles Basin and outflow regions: Airborne and ground measurements during the 2010 CalNex field campaign

A particle-into-liquid sampler coupled to a total organic carbon analyzer (PILS-TOC) quantified particulate water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) mass concentrations during the May 2010 deployment of the Center for Interdisciplinary Remotely Piloted Aircraft Studies (CIRPAS) Twin Otter in the CalNex field study. WSOC data collected during 16 flights provide the first spatiotemporal maps of WSOC in the San Joaquin Valley, Los Angeles Basin, and outflow regions of the Basin. WSOC was consistently higher in concentration within the Los Angeles Basin, where sea breeze transport and Basin topography strongly influence the spatial distribution of WSOC. The highest WSOC levels were associated with fire plumes, highlighting the importance of both primary and secondary sources for WSOC in the region. Residual pollution layers enriched with WSOC are observed aloft up to an altitude of 3.2 km and the highest WSOC levels for each flight were typically observed above 500 m. Simultaneous ground WSOC measurements during aircraft overpasses in Pasadena and Riverside typically exhibit lower levels, especially when relative humidity (RH) was higher aloft suggestive of the influence of aerosol-phase water. This points to the underestimation of the radiative effects of WSOC when using only surface measurements. Reduced aerosol-phase water in the eastern desert outflow region likely promotes the re-partitioning of WSOC to the gas phase and suppression of processes to produce these species (partitioning, multiphase chemistry, photolytic production); as a result, WSOC is reduced relative to sulfate (but not as much as nitrate) as aerosol is advected from the Basin to the outflows.
Figural and Verbal Creativity in Learning Disabled and Nondisabled Children

Learning disabled (LD) and nondisabled (ND) males and females at four grade levels (1, 3, 5 and 7) were compared on ten measures of figural and verbal creativity. No sex differences were found. In ...
Analysis of the hybrid finite element/finite volume methods for linear hyperbolic and convection-dominated convection-diffusion problems

In this paper we introduce a generalized hybrid finite element/finite volume methods. We then establish the mathematical foundations of the hybrid finite element/finite volume methods for linear hyperbolic, convection-dominated convection-diffusion, and convection-diffusion problems. More precisely, we study the stability and convergence properties of this hybrid scheme for such problems. This analysis is performed for general mesh of a bounded polygonal domain of Rn (n = 2 or 3) satisfying the minimum angle condition. Our stability results are completely new and solve important open problems related to whether or not there exist approximations of hyperbolic and convection dominated problems having such stability properties.
Measuring the sources of marketing channel power: A comparison of alternative approaches☆

Abstract Researchers have employed two alternative approaches in measuring the sources of marketing channel power: (1) an indirect assessment through assistances and punishments and (2) a direct measurement of each specific power source. This study compares empirically the construct validity of both approaches. The results indicate that the reliability, the content validity, the within-method and across-method convergent validity, and the discriminant validity of both approaches are acceptable. While the a priori dimensionality of the direct approach was recovered, a dimension not hypothesized was found for the indirect approach to power source measurement. Because the direct power source measures were significantly related to the attributions of power while the indirect ones were not, the direct approach demonstrated better nomological validity. We were not, however, able to assess the impact of shared methods variance upon the validity of these measurement approaches. Overall, the direct approach to measuring the sources of marketing channel power appears to have greater construct validity.
Tests of Hering‐ and Helmholtz‐Type Models for Saccade‐Vergence Interactions by Comparing Visually Guided and Memory‐Guided Movements

We compared the dynamic properties of memory-guided and visually-guided saccade-vergence movements. For memory-guided responses, convergence components were slowed proportionally more than corresponding saccadic components, compared with visually-guided responses. This result is consistent with independent saccadic and vergence systems, and supports a Hering-type model for saccade-vergence interactions.
Universal Family-Focused Intervention with Young Adolescents: Effects on Health-Risking Sexual Behaviors and STDs Among Young Adults

Considering the prevalence and consequences of health-risking sexual behaviors (HRSBs) and STDs among young adults, their prevention is a public health priority. Emerging etiological and prevention outcome literatures suggested study of the long-term effects of universal family-focused interventions on young adult HRSBs and STDs. Although earlier studies have demonstrated intervention impact on adolescent substance misuse, no study has examined universal family-focused intervention effects on young adult HRSBs and STDs via reductions in adolescent misuse. Sixth grade students and their families enrolled in 33 rural Midwestern schools were randomly assigned to experimental conditions. Self-report questionnaires provided data at pretest (Ns = 238, 221, and 208 for the Iowa Strengthening Families Program [ISFP], Preparing for the Drug Free Years [PDFY], and control groups, respectively), with seven data points through young adulthood (age 21). In latent growth modeling, three young adult HRSB measures (number of sexual partners, condom use, substance use with sex) and lifetime STDs were specified as distal outcomes mediated by adolescent substance initiation growth factors (average level and rate of change). Results showed that the models fit the data and, except for condom use, there were significant indirect effects, with a higher frequency of significant findings for ISFP. The model additions of direct intervention effects on young adult outcomes generally were not supported, consistent with a model positing that long-term intervention effects on young adult HRSBs and STDs outcomes are indirect. As an indication of the practical significance of long-term effects, analyses revealed relative reduction rates ranging from 6% to 46% for significant outcomes.
Thermoelectric property studies on thallium-doped lead telluride prepared by ball milling and hot pressing

Thallium doping into lead telluride has been demonstrated to increase the dimensionless thermoelectric figure-of-merit (ZT) by enhancing Seebeck coefficient due to the creation of resonant states close to Fermi level without affecting the thermal conductivity. However, the process is tedious, energy consuming, and small in quantities since it involves melting, slow cooling for crystal growth, long time annealing, post-crushing and hot pressing. Here we show that a similar ZT value about 1.3 at 400 °C is achieved on bulk samples with grain sizes of 3–7 μm by ball milling a mixture of elemental thallium, lead, and tellurium and then hot pressing the ball milled nanopowders.
Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia secondary to chemoradiotherapy for Ewing sarcoma. Report of two cases and concise review of the literature.

Survivors of childhood solid tumors including Ewing sarcoma (ES) have an increased risk of secondary malignant neoplasms (SMNs) as a consequence of exposure to chemotherapy and/or radiation (see: Bhatia S, Sklar C. Nat Rev Cancer 2002;2:124–132). The most common hematologic SMNs are myelodysplasia (MDS) and acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is uncommon in this patient population, and Philadelphia chromosome positive (Ph+) ALL in particular, is rare. We report herein two cases of young adult patients who were both diagnosed with Ph+ ALL 19 years after successful treatment for ES with combined modality therapy. A review of the relevant literature follows the case reports. Am. J. Hematol. 78:74–78, 2005. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Probing Functional Motifs and Regions in the Phage Lambda DNA Packaging Motor by Mutagenesis and Single-Molecule Optical Tweezers Measurements

A key step in the assembly of many viruses is the packaging of DNA into preformed procapsids by an ATP-powered molecular motor. To shed light on the motor mechanism we used optical tweezers measurements to study the effect on DNA translocation dynamics of amino acid changes in the large terminase subunit (gpA) of the phage lambda packaging motor. Observed changes in motor velocity, processivity, and/or velocity-force dependence provide evidence supporting the assignment of a Walker A-like phosphate-binding motif, an adenine binding Q motif analogous to that recently identified in RNA helicases, and a C motif that couples ATP hydrolysis to DNA translocation. In addition, we found that a residue change T194M in a predicted loop-helix-loop region outside any previously described motifs, caused a dramatic 8-fold reduction in motor velocity without changing processivity or force-dependence. T194 lies in a loop-helix-loop region that is predicted to position key residues of Walker B and C catalytic motifs and appears to regulate DNA translocation rate in both the lambda DNA packaging motor and the homologous B. Subtilis SpoIIIE chromosome segregation motor.
Transfer aleurone cells inSetaria lutescens (Gramineae)

Typical aleurone cells occur around the periphery of the caryopsis. These cells are tabular with moderately thick walls and lack cell wall ingrowths. Transfer aleurone cells only occur adjacent to the placental vascular bundle, which supplies the developing embryo and endosperm. These specialized aleurone cells are approximately columnar, with thick walls bearing ingrowths on the outer radial and outer tangential walls. The wall ingrowths of transfer aleurone cells appear similar to those of transfer cells previously described and quite likely also function in short-distance transport of substances.
Cognitive Control Functions of Study Activities: A Compensation Model

Abstract A rationale based on a compensation model for integrating research on study activities is proposed. The model emphasizes the function of study activities, as a subclass of cognitive skills aimed at cognitive control that compensates for limitations of the components of the information-processing system. The structure of study activities thus parallels the hypothesized control mechanisms employed in the information processing system. Within this framework, study activities are viewed as cognitive activities peculiar to the specific purposes and demands of academic settings. Three factor analyses confirmed five stable basic structures: selection-oriented, memory-oriented, organization-oriented, integration-oriented, and coping-oriented strategies (which include the two factors of executive-control and coping with anxiety strategies). The implications of these findings for further development of the model and for further research are discussed.
Weaving temporal and reliability aspects into a schema tapestry

In aspect-oriented programming (AOP) a cross-cutting concern is implemented in an aspect. An aspect weaver blends code from the aspect into a program's code at programmer-specified cut points, yielding an aspect-enhanced program. In this paper, we apply some of the concepts from the AOP paradigm to data. Like code, data also has cross-cutting concerns such as versioning, security, privacy, and reliability. We propose modeling a cross-cutting data concern as a schema aspect. A schema aspect describes the structure of the metadata in the cross-cutting concern, identifies the types of data elements that can be wrapped with metadata, i.e., the cut points, and provides some simple constraints on the use of the metadata. Several schema aspects can be applied to a single data collection, though in this paper we focus on just two aspects: a reliability aspect and a temporal aspect. We show how to weave the schema for these two aspects together with the schema for the data into a single, unified schema that we call a schema tapestry. The tapestry guides the construction, interpretation, and validation of an aspect-enhanced data collection.