cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Will the City Rise Again? The Contested Geography of Housing Reconstruction in Post-Disaster Haiti

This paper examines the contested geography of post-disaster housing reconstruction in Haiti. Drawing on interviews with representatives of 48 organizations, it identifies three spatial preferences regarding reconstruction: urban, non-urban, and mixed. Organizations favoring urban versus non-urban rebuilding differed markedly in their financial resources and voice. Many intergovernmental organizations and large international non-governmental organizations (NGOs)—the organizations that most favored non-urban rebuilding—held relatively anti-urban perspectives. Small international and Haitian NGOs were more likely to see Port-au-Prince as a suitable site for reconstruction and express positive opinions about urban conditions more generally. The findings indicate that much of the formal housing reconstruction effort, particularly as led by large, well-funded and politically powerful organizations, will be directed to the urban periphery and countryside. This suggests Port-au-Prince may continue to face the sa...
Phonological Awareness and Beginning Reading in Spanish-Speaking ESL First Graders: Research into Practice

Abstract In the first study, 30 Spanish-speaking English-as-a-second language (ESL) first graders whose families were Latino immigrants and who received all their school instruction in English completed an assessment battery with both Spanish and English measures of phonological awareness, Verbal IQ (VIQ), oral language proficiency, and single-word reading (real words and pseudowords); they also named English alphabet letters. Phonological awareness in Spanish predicted (a) phonological awareness in English and (b) English word reading; thus, phonological awareness may transfer across first and second languages and across oral and written language. English VIQ and oral language proficiency predicted both English and Spanish word reading, but Spanish VIQ and oral language proficiency did not predict English word reading. In the second study, the 4 males and the 4 females with the lowest reading achievement participated in an instructional design experiment in which empirically supported instructional components for teaching beginning reading to monlingual English speakers were included. These components were phonological awareness training (in both Spanish and English), explicit instruction in alphabetic principle (in English), and repeated reading of engaging English text with comprehension monitoring (in English). Both individual students and the group as a whole increased in real-word reading and pseudoword reading beyond the level expected on the basis of their Spanish or English VIQ or oral proficiency. Implications of this research for school psychology practice are discussed, especially the importance of early reading intervention and progress monitoring for Spanish-speaking ESL first graders.
Identifying sources of organic matter in sediments of shallow lakes using multiple geochemical variables

We analyzed 210Pb-dated sediment cores from four relatively shallow lakes (zmax < 10 m) in the Upper Ocklawaha River Basin, Florida, USA to compare primary producer community structure before and after anthropogenic impacts. We measured physical and chemical sediment variables including density, organic matter (OM), water-soluble phosphorus, polyphosphate (Poly-P), total P (TP), total carbon to total nitrogen mass ratios of OM (TC:TN), biogenic silica (diatoms, sponge spicules), total amorphous silica, and stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios of bulk OM. Principal component analysis showed that diatom biogenic silica, TC:TN, Poly-P and TP displayed discernible stratigraphic changes associated with the shift in the primary producer community. We applied k-means cluster analysis to these variables to identify macrophyte-derived, transitional, and phytoplankton-derived sediments. Our approach provides an objective method for identifying sediment sources that may be applied to shallow lakes in other regions. The four study lakes shifted from a macrophyte-dominated state to a transitional state before major anthropogenic disturbances, and became phytoplankton-dominated after ~1950.
Access to the internet in the context of community participation and community satisfaction

The introduction of the internet in American life has led to debate among media scholars, sociologists and political scientists about the role of the internet in society. Two areas of research that have received substantial attention in the domain of internet effects are the digital divide and social capital. Digital divide researchers have pointed out the critical gaps in society among different groups in the context of their access to new media and technology. Social capital researchers have focused on the influence of the internet on community life. The article contributes to the literature by (a) consolidating the two concepts of access and community participation to articulate the community correlates of the digital divide, and (b) applying a complementary resource-based perspective to capture the relationship between the internet and community outcomes. It investigates the role of community access to the internet in the context of the participation of individuals in their communities and their satis...
Bound states of the five-parameter exponential-type potential model☆

Abstract Exact solutions of the Schrodinger equation for a five-parameter exponential-type potential model have been obtained analytically in two cases from first principles. Using the exact solutions, we re-analyze the energy spectra and wavefunctions for a subset of the five-parameter exponential-type potential model, i.e., complex PT -symmetric versions of the Rosen–Morse well, Eckart, Scarf II, generalized Poschl–Teller and Poschl–Teller II potentials.
THE 'ONLY JOKING' DEFENSE: ATTRIBUTION BIAS OR IMPRESSION MANAGEMENT?

The extent to which people believe that offensive jokes are consistent with joke tellers' attitudes was investigated. 135 college students indicated the extent to which they believe that there is c...
Association of pre-transplantation positron emission tomography/computed tomography and outcome in mantle cell lymphoma.

Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT)-positive findings before autologous SCT (auto-SCT) are associated with inferior PFS and OS in patients with relapsed Hodgkin’s and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. We classified pre-transplant PET/CT performed before auto-SCT as positive or negative to evaluate the impact of pre-transplant PET/CT in mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). In 29 patients, 17 were PET/CT(−) and 12 were PET/CT(+). PET/CT(+) patients were younger (P=0.04), had lower MCL International Prognostic Index (MIPI, P=0.04) scores, but increased bulky adenopathy >5 cm (45% vs 13%, P=0.09). With a median follow-up of 27 months (range: 5–55 months), 7 patients relapsed (4 in the PET/CT(−) group and 3 in the PET/CT(+) group) with 2 deaths in the PET/CT(+) group without a documented relapse. The estimated 2-year PFS was 64% (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.30–0.85) vs 87% (95% CI: 0.57–0.97) in PET/CT(+) and PET/CT(−) patients, respectively (P=0.054). OS was significantly decreased in PET/CT(+) patients (P=0.007), with 2-year estimates of 60% (95% CI: 0.23–0.84) vs 100% in PET/CT(−) patients. A positive pre-transplant PET/CT is associated with a poor prognosis in patients with MCL. Additional factors may impact the prognostic value of PET/CT, as several PET/CT(+) patients remain in remission.
William Wilde's census of the deaf: a 19th century report as a model for the 21st century.

Abstract Sir William Robert Willis Wilde (1815-1876) made many contributions to otology. Perhaps his greatest, and the one least appreciated, was his performing, analyzing, and reporting of the 1851 census of the deaf of Ireland. He is the first to recognize and document genetic deafness as a major cause in early-onset deafness. His census techniques used trained enumerators, and for each family suspected as having a deaf person, a physician was sent who, before obtaining the very detailed family and medical history, was required to obtain an informed consent. Wilde's career is analyzed to show how his previous publications led to his appointment in 1850 as the only Assistant Medical Census Commissioner for the 1851 census.
Using multi-stack and variable-speed-drive systems to reduce laboratory exhaust fan energy†

In buildings that contain laboratories, fume hoods are normally used to control contaminant concentrations. Exhaust stacks with a constant exit velocity are required to make sure that dangerous concentrations do not occur in occupied areas near the building or on the roof top. To achieve constant velocity when exhaust flow rates are less than design, makeup air is introduced to the system at the inlet of the exhaust fan. Since laboratory exhaust airflow is often significantly less than the design airflow, exhaust fans consume significantly more energy than is necessary. To reduce exhaust fan energy, techniques involving multiple exhaust stacks and a variable speed drive (VSD) can be applied to laboratory exhaust systems. The potential fan energy savings depend on optimal selection of the number of stacks, the sizes of the stacks, and the exhaust system ductwork design. This paper introduces application principles, describes the optimal methods of stack sizing, and presents an example to demonstrate these methods. Published in 2005 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Primitive ideals and representations

Certain theorems of Joseph and King relating primitive ideals to characters in category O, are extended to the case of arbitrary g-modules with finite dimensional n-cohomology. A derived functor construction, analogous to a construction of Zuckerman in the case of a nilpotent Lie algebra, is used to extend the results. Applications to Harish-Chandra modules are also given.
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor-mediated mechanisms in lung cancer

Despite the known adverse health effects associated with tobacco use, over 45 million adults in the United States smoke. Cigarette smoking is the major etiologic factor associated with lung cancer. Cigarettes contain thousands of toxic chemicals, many of which are carcinogenic. Nicotine contributes directly to lung carcinogenesis through the activation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). nAChRs are ligand-gated ion channels, expressed in both normal and lung cancer cells, which mediate the proliferative, pro-survival, angiogenic, and metastatic effects of nicotine and its nitrosamine derivatives. The underlying molecular mechanisms involve increases in intracellular calcium levels and activation of cancer signal transduction pathways. In addition, acetylcholine (ACh) acts as an autocrine or paracrine growth factor in lung cancer. Other neurotransmitters and neuropeptides also activate similar growth loops. Recent genetic studies further support a role for nAChRs in the development of lung cancer. Several nAChR antagonists have been shown to inhibit lung cancer growth, suggesting that nAChRs may serve as valuable targets for biomarker-guided lung cancer interventions.
Red Spheres and Yellow Panels Combined to Attract Apple Maggot Flies

Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh) were trapped in an apple orchard on Stikem®-coated 7.5-cm red disks and spheres, on 30×30- and 30×40-cm yellow panels, and on combinations of spheres and panels. The sphere alone and the sphere plus panel combinations were preferred by the flies to the panel alone. The sphere-panel trap captured flies which were apparently responding to the visual stimuli of both the foliage and the apple. Relative numbers trapped on the panel and on the sphere changed with time. As the season advanced the panel was less attractive than the sphere. The sphere-panel trap was the most efficient. More flies were captured on the central area of the panels than on the sides. A disk trap was less effective than a sphere.
Transforming Medicine: Genomics, Bioinformatics, and Human Health

The completion of human genome sequencing in April 2003 marked the beginning of a new era for modern biology. Since that time, the impact of having the human sequence in hand has been nothing short of tremendous. The attainment of this goal, which many have compared to landing a man on the moon, will obviously have a profound effect on how biological and biomedical research will be conducted in the future. The intelligent use of sequence data from humans and other organisms, along with recent technological innovation fostered by the Human Genome Project, has already led to important advances in our understanding of diseases that have a genetic basis. More importantly, the advent of the genomic era will have a profound effect on how health care is delivered from this point forward. This lecture will provide an overview of current research themes in genomics and bioinformatics, all of which are aimed at understanding the genetic factors influencing risk for complex diseases. These efforts include whole-genome association approaches to common disease, large-scale clinical genotyping projects, the comprehensive identification of the structural and functional components in the human genome (the ENCODE Project), the Cancer Genome Atlas, and new advances in the area of chemical genomics. These research efforts, all of which rely on cutting-edge genomic and bioinformatics approaches, have already begun to yield important insight into genetic pathways that make us more susceptible to genetic disorders. These findings, in turn, are establishing an important groundwork for the discovery of new molecular targets for diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of human disease.
Questioning the influence of moral judgment

Moral judgment - even the type discussed by Knobe - necessarily relies on substantial information about an agent's mental states, especially regarding beliefs and attitudes. Moreover, the effects described by Knobe can be attributed to norm violations in general, rather than moral concerns in particular. Consequently, Knobe's account overstates the influence of moral judgment on assessments of mental states and causality.
THE ATMOSPHERIC SIGNATURES OF SUPER-EARTHS: HOW TO DISTINGUISH BETWEEN HYDROGEN-RICH AND HYDROGEN-POOR ATMOSPHERES

Extrasolar super-Earths (1–10 M⊕) are likely to exist with a wide range of atmospheres. Some super-Earths may be able to retain massive hydrogen-rich atmospheres. Others might never accumulate hydrogen or experience significant escape of lightweight elements, resulting in atmospheres more like those of the terrestrial planets in our solar system. We examine how an observer could differentiate between hydrogen-rich and hydrogenpoor atmospheres by modeling super-Earth emission and transmission spectra, and we find that discrimination is possible by observing the transmission spectrum alone. An Earth-like atmosphere, composed of mostly heavy elements and molecules, will have a very weak transmission signal due to its small atmospheric scale height (since the scale height is inversely proportional to molecular weight). However, a large hydrogen-rich atmosphere reveals a relatively large transmission signal. The super-Earth emission spectrum can additionally constrain the atmospheric composition and temperature structure. Super-Earths with massive hydrogen atmospheres will reveal strong spectral features due to water, whereas those that have lost most of their hydrogen (and have no liquid ocean) will be marked by CO2 features and a lack of H2O. We apply our study specifically to the low-mass planet orbiting an M star, Gl 581c (M sin i = 5 M⊕), although our conclusions are relevant for super-Earths in general. The ability to distinguish hydrogen-rich atmospheres might be essential for interpreting mass and radius observations of planets in the transition between rocky super-Earths and Neptune-like planets.
Roth's Fiction from Nemesis to Nemesis

In her article "Roth's Fiction from Nemesis to Nemesis" Emily Budick discusses Philip Roth's novel Nemesis as the culminating work of a career in which one nemesis or another has afflicted almost all of the author's protagonists. During the bulk of Roth's career, the hero's nemesis was generally, as in the ordinary, literary usage of the term, the protagonist's enemy, whether Judge Wapter in The Ghost Writer or the alter-Roth in The Counterlife. In Nemesis Roth restores the word nemesis to its classical meaning: Nemesis, as the goddess of revenge and cosmic balance. The nemesis in Roth's novel, therefore, is mortality itself, against which human beings vainly strive. It is also the condition of disease and filth that human beings shares with each other and the natural world, that some humans would, with hubris, attempt to put themselves beyond. Emily Budick, "Roth's Fiction from Nemesis to Nemesis" page 2 of 8 CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture 16.2 (2014): Thematic Issue History, Memory, and the Making of Character in Roth's Fiction. Ed. Gustavo Sanchez-Canales and Victoria Aarons
Wobbling with warfarin

All physicians who have used warfarin as an oral anticoagulant—and that includes most of us—know of the great variability in the prothrombin time measured in a patient given a specific dose of warfarin. We have interpreted this as due to the variation of the counterbalancing vitamin K in the
Positive therapeutic interaction between thiopurines and alkylating drugs in human glioma xenografts.

We used human anaplastic glioma xenografts to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of combinations of alkylating drugs, either 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU), 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-(2,5-dioxo-3-piperidyl)-1-nitrosourea (PCNU), or procarbazine, and thiopurines, either 6-mercaptopurine (6MP) or 6-thioguanine (6TG). Using growth delay as the endpoint in subcutaneous (s.c.) tumors and increased life span as the endpoint in intracranial (i.c.) tumors, we found that combinations of chloroethylnitrosoureas (CENUs) and thiopurines were significantly more active than either type of agent alone. In contrast, combinations of procarbazine and thiopurines were not significantly more active than procarbazine alone. The therapeutic potentiation of the CENU was greater when the latter was given on the 4th day of the thiopurine treatment cycle than when it was given on the 1st day. Characterization of the interaction between CENUs and thiopurines also revealed a supraadditive therapeutic response at higher BCNU doses in combination with 6TG. Interaction between the nitrosoureas and the thiopurines probably occurs in the guanine base of tumor DNA and has important therapeutic implications.
Sources of Variation in Chesapeake Bay Pound-Net and Haul-Seine Catch Compositions

Abstract Commercial fish processors along Chesapeake Bay sort pound-net and haul-seine catches into boxes according to species and size. I evaluated betweenbox and within-box variation in the lengths of Atlantic croakers Micropogonias undulatus and weakfish Cynoscion regalis to design multistage survey sampling schemes. There was little or no difference in length composition among boxes and only minor trends, if any, in mean size with the chronology of processing. Within-box variation accounted for more than 98% of the total variation.
THE EVEREST II HIGH SURGICAL RISK COHORT: EFFECTIVENESS OF TRANSCATHETER REDUCTION OF SIGNIFICANT MITRAL REGURGITATION IN HIGH SURGICAL RISK PATIENTS

The EVEREST II high surgical risk cohort included 351 high risk patients pooled from the EVEREST II High Risk Study and the EVEREST II REALISM Continued Access Study. As of July 2012, all patients completed 1 year follow–up and a subset of 211 patients completed 2 year follow–up. One year
Bosonized operator formalism for fermions with odd spin structures and anomaly calculation

Bosonization of fermions with odd spin structures on an arbitrary genus Riemann surface is investigated by means of a covariant operator formalism based on the sewing techniques. A corollary of the Fay’s addition theorem is used to show the consistency of the formalism. The application to the hexagon gauge anomaly calculation in superstring theory is demonstrated. The surface term ambiguity associated with the insertion of picture-changing operator is analyzed in the operator formalism. The insertion point, which implies anomaly freedom, is identified as a repulsive fixed point in the Schottky parametrization.
Total Muon Capture Rates and the Universal Fermi Interaction

A previous investigation of muon capture by Primakoff expresses the total capture rate for compiex nuclei as a function of A and Z in terms of the coupling constants for capture by a proton and a single parameter describing nuclear matter. It is pointed out that the derivation of the Primakoff formula involves unjustified mathematical approximations. His basic approximations are shown to lead to formulas giving a reasonable fit to experimental capture rate data, but the value of the square of the coupling constant needed is twice the universal Fermi interaction (UFI) prediction. Thus, it is concluded that no quantitative verification of UFI has been correctly deduced from the total capture rates on nonlight nuclei. (H.D.R.)
Successful pregnancy in a woman with Bloom syndrome.

Bloom syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder notable for increased chromosome fragility and an increased rate of somatic mutation. The clinical manifestations include small stature, a characteristic dermatologic lesion, and an excess incidence of malignancy. Fertility is generally reduced. A 19-year-old white woman with Bloom syndrome was successfully treated for preterm labor at 32 weeks' gestation, and ultimately delivered a healthy male infant at 35 weeks' gestation. Reports of pregnancy in women with Bloom syndrome are few. Despite reduced fertility, conception can occur, and women with Bloom syndrome should receive appropriate reproductive counseling to prevent unintended pregnancies and increased surveillance for preterm birth.
Anisotropy spectra of indole and N-acetyl-L-tryptophanamide observed for two-photon excitation of fluorescence

Abstract We observed the steady state fluorescence anisotropy spectra of indole and N-acetyl-L-tryptophanamide (NATA) resulting from one- (OPE) and two-photon excitation (TPE) of fluorescence. The anisotropy spectra for OPE and TPE are remarkably different, suggesting that the cross sections for relative absorption of the 1La and 1Lb state are different for one- and two-photon absorption. Frequency-domain time-resolved anisotropy decays confirm the unusual value of the time-zero anisotropies. Comparison of the OPE and TPE anisotropy spectra should allow a more critical evaluation of the accepted 1La—1Lb model for tryptophan and protein fluorescence.
Design of a global observing system for gyre-scale upper ocean temperature variability

Abstract Three-dimensional covariance matrices are computed at each 5° latitude by 10° longitude location from approximately 30°S – 60°N at depths of 0m, 200m, 400m from temperature anomalies about the mean annual cycle for the 13 years from 1979–1991. Lags are chosen to focus on seasonal-to-interannual time scales resolved on gyre-to-basin space scales. These sample covariance matrices are fitted with a second-order auto-regressive (AR) model, allowing for the detection of horizontal wave propagation in the presence of dissipation. Over most of the ocean and at all depths, ENSO signals (i.e. with zero-crossing scales of 9–12 months) dominate the interannual variability, with eastward propagation found at the sea surface over most of the Pacific and Indian Oceans, and westward propagation found over most of the Pacific Ocean at 200m and 400m, the latter qualitatively consistent with Rossby wave propagation. The noise variance is approximately equal to the signal variance at all depths, while the ratio of zero-crossing scale-to-decay scale (i.e. 1.5–2.5) finds ENSO wave propagation critically dissipated almost everywhere. This effectively reduces the second-order AR model to a first-order AR model, with decay scales and not zero-crossing scales defining decorrelation scales. Analyzing these covariance statistics within the framework of optimum interpolation allows sampling rates to be estimated for detecting seasonal-to-interannual variability to within prescribed error limits. Utilizing the first-order AR covariance model, 1–2 observations per decorrelation scale in each dimension allows the interpolation error to be 0.8-0.6 of the signal standard deviation. A uniform set of decorrelation scales (e.g. 2.5° latitude, 5° longitude, 3 months) and 1.0 for the noise-to-signal ratio are chosen for detecting minimum gyre-scale biennial variability at all depths uniformly over the global domain. Therefore, sampling the global ocean at a rate of 2500–3000 observations per month yields maximum interpolation errors for biennial signals (i.e. ±0.4°C at the sea surface, ±0.5°C at 200m, and ±0.2°C at 400m) that are similar to those for the mean annual cycle. This sampling rate is adequate for detecting the space-time evolution of biennial signals (and, hence, ENSO signals) over the interior global ocean. But, it is inadequate for detecting year-to-year changes in upper ocean heat storage averaged over large portions of the global ocean as required by the WOCE Heat Budget Study.
Improved Tunable Differential-Absorption Lidar Using Coherent Summation of Multiple Optical Heterodyne Detectors

We have conducted experiments involving the use of a multi-aperture dual-balanced heterodyne laboratory tunable Differential-Absorption Lidar (DIAL) system which used an eye-safe 1.55 micron laser source. The system was used to detect the absorption spectrum of a gas in a remote multi-pass absorption cell by smoothly tuning the laser wavelength across the absorption line of the gas. The system measured the influence of target surface roughness, orientation, velocity, and vibration on the DIAL returns, under controlled conditions. Different signal recombination techniques were studied including (1) direct detection, (2) single detector heterodyne, (3) non-coherent summation of dual-detector heterodyne, (4) coherent summation of heterodyne dual-detector signals, and (5) dual-balanced, dual-detector improvements. We also studied the influence of refractive and wind driven turbulence on the lidar returns from various targets. It was found that the S/N of the DIAL signal was often distorted by several noise like processes (laser linewidth fluctuations, atmospheric turbulence, lidar target vibrations) and that the use of the coherent summation of the multi-detector heterodyne signals could help improve the S/N value under certain experimental conditions.
The Use of Quotation Marks and Italics to Introduce Unfamiliar Terms

Quotation marks and italics—two devices for giving special typographic treatment to words—are customarily used when a writer is introducing unfamiliar terms. The purpose of this as-yet-unexplained ...
Some consequences of the thermal Hartree-Fock approximation at zero temperature

Abstract It will be shown in this paper that in the limit of zero temperature, the variation principle used in the thermal Hartree-Fock approximation gives more information about a many-body system than the ordinary temperature-independent Hartree-Fock approximation. It will be demonstrated that the temperature-dependent approximation not only gives Slater-determinant wavefunctions of stationary energy but it shows that the ground state will contain the N one electron wavefunctions of lowest one-electron energies (where N is the number of electrons in the system) which are solutions of the Hartree-Fock equation.
Encoding specificity in the alcoholic Korsakoff patient

Abstract A previous attempt to improve amnesic Korsakoff patients' retention of individual words resulted in only moderate improvement and, then, only under restricted conditions. It appeared that this occurred because the patients “forget” the instructed analysis of the word as well as the word itself. Consequently, the two experiments reported here sought to provide feature (Experiment 1) or associated (Experiment 2) cues at both input and output. In this manner relatively good performance was obtained, but only when semantic cues were “strongly” associated to the target words. Implications for an encoding specificity interpretation are drawn from these results.
Ocular torticollis caused by refractive error.

• A patient with bilaterally dislocated lenses assumed a head tilt for optimum vision through spectacles prescribed for her myopia. Phakic and aphakic refractions could be obtained in either eye with changes in head position. A unilateral aphakic contact lens provided useful vision and corrected the head tilt.
Multimodal Temporal Panorama for Moving Vehicle Detection and Reconstruction

In this work, we present a multimodal temporal panorama (MTP) representation that synchronizes visual, motion, and acoustic signatures of moving vehicles in the time axis. The MTP representation includes two layers: a synopsis layer and a snapshot layer. The temporal synopsis consists of 1) a panoramic view image (PVI) to represent vehicles' presence, which is constructed from 1D vertical detecting lines of a selected column location of all video frames, 2) an epipolar plane image (EPI) to characterize their motion (speeds and directions), generated from 1D horizontal scanning lines along the vehicles' moving paths, and 3) an audio wave scroll for visualizing moving vehicles' acoustic signatures. The MTP synopsis not only synchronizes all the three modalities (visual, motion and acoustic) of the vehicles, but also provides information that can perform automatic detection tasks including moving vehicle visual detection, motion estimation, and acoustic signature retrieval. Then in the snapshot layer, the occlusion-free, motion-blur-free, and view-invariant reconstruction of each vehicle (with both shape and motion information) and its acoustic signatures (e.g. spectrogram) are embedded. The MTP provides a very effective approach to (semi-)automatically labeling the multimodal data of uncontrolled traffic scenes in real time for further vehicle classification, check-point inspection and traffic analysis. The concept of MTP may not be only limited to visual, motion and audio modalities, it could also be applicable to other sensing modalities that can obtain data in the temporal domain.
Metaphorical perspectives on hypertext

This paper examines the dominant metaphors that define and describe three basic components of hypertext (texts, nodes, and links), arguing that they contribute in central ways to the current treatment of this technology in technical communication. It includes a brief overview of the way metaphors filter computer-based tasks and functions, a discussion of hypertext metaphors of identity and the realms from which they are commonly appropriated, and some corollary implications for students and teachers of technical communication. In general, this paper contends that hypertext design choices are both productively and unproductively shaped by social as well as technological forces. >
Outcome of neonatal intraventricular hemorrhage with periventricular echodense lesions

The incidence of periventricular-intraventricular hemorrhage (PV-IVH) in a group of 460 preterm infants with birth weight less than 2,250 gm, studied by cranial ultrasonography, was 39%. Sixty-four (36%) of the infants with periventricular-intraventricular hemorrhage had, in addition, periventricular intraparenchymal echodensity (IPE) evident on ultrasound scan. Thirty-three of the 64 infants had large IPE, and 31 had small IPE. Large IPE consisted of globular echodensity, most often on the side of maximum intraventricular hemorrhage, extending from the external angle of the lateral ventricle into major portions of the white matter of the frontal and parietal lobes; small IPE, often bilateral, consisted of linear echodensity extending for a few millimeters from the external angle of the lateral ventricle into the periventricular white matter. The outcome for infants with large and small IPE differed markedly. Mortality was greatest (94%) for infants with large IPE and birth weight less than 1,000 gm. All survivors with large IPE, regardless of birth weight, had moderate to severe neurological deficits evident on follow-up. In contrast, infants with small IPE and birth weight less than 1,000 gm had a mortality of 38%. Moreover, 70% of all survivors with small IPE were free of neurological deficits on follow-up. The difference in outcome appeared to relate in largest part to the severity of the parenchymal involvement. These data have major significance for decisions concerning management of infants with periventricular-intraventricular hemorrhage and intraparenchymal involvement.
Cardiac catheterization in the early post-operative period after congenital cardiac surgery.

Abstract Objectives This study sought to demonstrate that early cardiac catheterization, whether used solely as a diagnostic modality or for the use of transcatheter interventional techniques, can be used effectively and with an acceptable risk in the post-operative period. Background Cardiac catheterization offers important treatment for patients with congenital heart disease. Early post-operative cardiac catheterization is often necessary to diagnose and treat residual anatomic defects. Experience with interventional catheterization to address post-operative concerns is limited. Methods This was a retrospective cohort study. The medical and catheterization data of pediatric patients who underwent a cardiac catheterization ≤30 days after congenital heart surgery between November 2004 and July 2013 were reviewed. Patients who underwent right heart catheterization and endomyocardial biopsy after heart transplantation were excluded. Results A total of 219 catheterizations (91 interventional procedures, 128 noninterventional catheterizations) were performed on 193 patients. Sixty-five interventions (71.43%) were dilations, either balloon angioplasty or stent implantation. There was no difference in survival to hospital discharge between those who underwent an interventional versus noninterventional catheterization (p = 0.93). One-year post-operative survival was comparable between those who underwent an intervention (66%) versus diagnostic (71%) catheterization (p = 0.58). There was no difference in the incidence of major or minor complications between the interventional and diagnostic catheterization cohorts (p = 0.21). Conclusions Cardiac catheterization, including transcatheter interventions, can be performed safely in the immediate post-operative period after congenital heart surgery.
A break from the past: The labor party and the political economy of Keynesian social democracy

Arguments about the nature of the Australian Labor Party have been somewhat revived over the past few years. Those who argue that there has been a fundamental break with Labor tradition are criticised from both the right of the labour movement and the Marxist left. Both, interestingly, argue that to see the Hawke‐Keating years as too distinct is to misread history. Both schools of thought argue that those who defend a Labor tradition ‐which is fundamentally different from contemporary Labor are glorifying the past. This paper gives an account of Keynesian social democracy, and employs a comparative case study of economic debate in the 1940s and 1980s, in order to argue that there has indeed been a fundamental change in Labor's approach to political economy.
Actions of opiates, substance P, and serotonin on the excitability of primary afferent terminals and observations on interneuronal activity in the neonatal rat's dorsal horn in vitro

Approximately 5 segments of lumbo-thoracic spinal cord together with connected dorsal root ganglia were removed from 1–11-day-old rats and maintained in vitro. Dorsal root afferents, recorded from the ganglion and stimulated at the root entry zone, had conduction velocities typical of unmyelinated fibers (< 2 m/s). The spinal terminals of individual afferents showed increased excitability with bath application of substance P and serotonin and decreased excitability with morphine sulfate, [d-ala2]methionine-enkephalinamide, manganese ions and magnesium ions. Naloxone by itself elicited no change in excitability, although it appeared to reduce the ongoing effect of opiates. Neurons recorded extracellularly in the dorsal horn responded to afferent volleys with one or more of 3 distinct phases; an excitation roughly coincident with the volley's arrival, a 50–300 ms period of inhibition, and a late excitation of 150–300 ms latency. The excitability results are accounted for by a model in which substance P, γ-aminobutyric acid and possibly other depolarizing agents are contained in interneurons which synapse on afferent terminals. These interneurons could receive inhibitory enkephalinergic input, and, in the neonate but not the adult, excitatory serotoninergic input. An alternate scheme would have enkephalin and serotonin acting directly on afferent terminals, although perhaps by non-synaptic diffusion since the appropriate synapses have not been seen in histochemical studies. Such an action for enkephalin might explain the existence of opiate receptor on afferent terminals. The interneuronal responses to afferent volleys are parallel in most aspects to those found in the dorsal horns of adult mammals in vivo.
Mycorrhizal Associations of Five Species of Monotropoideae in Oregon

(1985). Mycorrhizal Associations of Five Species of Monotropoideae in Oregon. Mycologia: Vol. 77, No. 3, pp. 499-502.
IMeX: Intergateway Cross-Layer Handoffs in Internet-Based Infrastructure Wireless Mesh Networks

Wireless mesh networks (WMNs) have recently emerged to be a cost-effective solution to support large-scale wireless Internet access. Handoff management plays an important role in WMNs in delivering Quality of Service to mobile users. In this paper, the handoff support in Internet-based infrastructure WMNs is investigated. Previous solutions on handoff management in infrastructure WMNs mainly focus on intragateway mobility (e.g., single gateway is assumed in IEEE 802.11s WMNs). Furthermore, new handoff issues involved in intergateway mobility in WMNs (e.g., the network-layer handoff detection issue) have not been properly addressed. In this paper, a new architectural design, IMeX, is proposed to facilitate intergateway handoff management in Internet-based infrastructure WMNs. The proposed IMeX architecture is designed to specifically address the special handoff challenge in Internet-based WMNs. It can facilitate parallel executions of handoffs from multilayers, in conjunction with a data caching mechanism which guarantees minimum packet loss during handoffs. The required number and optimal placement of special mesh routers that form the IMeX architecture are modeled as a set covering problem which is solved based on a greedy algorithm. A comprehensive simulation study shows that the IMeX architecture enables fast handoffs and reestablishment of session communications in the intergateway mobility environment. Performance results demonstrate that the proposed IMeX architecture, with both the parallel handoff execution and data caching mechanism, outperforms the conventional WMN handoff schemes in terms of reducing handoff delays caused in multilayers and improving end-to-end performance of applications in WMNs.
Magnetic resonance imaging of the craniocervical junction

Magnetic resonance imaging has become the study of choice for the majority of abnormalities of the craniocervical junction as well as for demonstration of primary pathology of the spinal cord, and brain stem. Although the applications of MR are currently limited by its high cost, relatively long scan time, and low sensitivity to calcification, new pulse sequences, faster scan strategies, and lower cost MR scanner are changing this situation. MR contrast agents and the use of 3-D imaging techniques combined with gradient echoes promise to play a role in MR of the craniocervical junction in the near future.
Rapid Recognition Of Interconnect Features

Recent advances in laser processing have reduced the capital investment required to deposit and to etch metal interconnections. Now, it is attractive to develop prototypes in the field by stocking a prefabricated CMOS circuit, and to customize it at the metallization level. The homogeneous prefabricated medium is mounted on a motorized X-Y table and moved with respect to a fixed laser beam. The pattern of metal illuminated by the focused souare beam scatters light. This scattered light conveys the form of the metal pattern in the illuminated neighborhood. Identical information is incident simultaneously on 256 different templates. Each one of these matched filters has 4x4 pixels. These 256 matched filters provide one prioritized input at 25 kHz. to a finite state controller for the X-Y table. The design of this controller will be discussed in detail. It can track polygon edges, wires which branch, and can locate open connections. Particular attention will be paid to the decomposition of the finite state machine, and to flow control within it. As each feature is recognized, its coded nature and its location are stored. The encoded table position maintains a direct registration of the laser beam to the existing metal pattern. Tracking polygons and wires generates a very compact representation for stored patterns. After further development, this recognizer will be able to support laser pattern generation in real time.
A chromogenic assay for catecholoxidases based on the addition of L-proline to quinones.

Abstract The coupling reaction between l -proline and the quinone products of the oxidation of various catechols serves as a sensitive assay for catecholoxidases. The chromogenic products, 4-N-prolyl-o-quinones, were unique and stable over the course of the reaction. The spectra of these adducts typically had two absorbance maxima, in the ranges 309–340 and 526–540 nm. Assay conditions in which the oxidation of catechols was rate limiting were developed, and initial rates of reaction, monitored spectrophotometrically at the λmax of the adducts, showed improved initial linearity when compared with the direct spectrophotometric determination of quinone formation. The molar extinction co-efficients (ϵ) of a number of adducts ranged between 5310 and 9630 m −1 cm−1, about five- to sevenfold greater than those of the corresponding quinones. Since 2 mol catechol must be oxidized to their quinones to generate 1 mol of adduct, this assay improves catechol-oxidase detection sensitivity by approximately three-to fourfold compared with direct estimation of quinone formation.
Hormone therapy for acne

486 Dialogues in Dermatology, a monthly audio program from the American Academy of Dermatology, contains discussions between dermatologists on timely topics. Commentaries from Dialogues Editorin-Chief Jacqueline M. Junkins-Hopkins, MD, are provided after each discussion as a topic summary and are provided here as a special service to readers of the Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. ( J Am Acad Dermatol 2010;62:486-8.)
Femtosecond continuum probe measurements of nonlinearities of organic dyes

We report measurements of the nonlinear transmission spectra of organic dye solutions. The reverse saturable absorption (RSA) of these organic dyes in the visible and near IR was measured using a 200 fs 425 nm excitation and a temporally delayed 200 fs white light continuum probe. These RSA materials have attracted attention due to their potential usefulness in optical limiting devices. Knowledge of the dynamics of the nonlinear response along with the spectral dependence is important, in order to determine the range of operation of a given material and to properly model the level structure and lifetimes. We developed an optical source based on an argon ion pumped, Kerr lens modelocked Ti:sapphire oscillator followed by a Cr:LiSAF regenerative amplifier producing millijoule level, 200 fs pulses (FWHM) around 850 nm. A single pulse is then split to generate a second harmonic (SH) at 425 nm and a femtosecond continuum that are used as the pump and probe respectively in a standard pump-probe geometry. The SH is produced in a thin BBO crystal and the continuum is produced by focusing the 850 nm light into a water cell. This results in up to 50 microjoules of pump and 3 microjoules of probe in the spectral range from 200 nm to 800 nm. These pulses have been used to temporally resolve the nonlinear spectra of several organic solutions including zinc tetra (p-methoxyphenyl) tetrabenzporphyrin, lead phthalocyanine, and silicon naphthalocyanine up to delays of several nanoseconds.© (1996) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Associated aneurysms in pediatric arteriovenous malformations and the implications for treatment.

BACKGROUND Arteriovenous malformations (AVM) with associated aneurysms (AA) increase the risk of hemorrhage in adults. Associated aneurysms are thought to develop over time, and the incidence in children, therefore, has been thought to be minimal, although this has not yet been studied. OBJECTIVE To define the incidence and morbidity of AA in children and to assess the results of our treatment strategy. METHODS Patients younger than 18 years of age with pial AVM seen from 2000 to 2009 were reviewed. Demographics, presentation, hemorrhage, AAs, treatment method, and outcome were analyzed. RESULTS Of 144 patients with AVM, 30 were younger than 18 years of age. AA was identified in 5 of 30 children (16.7%) and 33 of 114 adults (28.9%; P = .25). Mean age at presentation in children was 11.67 years (range, 6 months to 17 years), and mean follow-up was 28.8 months (range, 1-75 months). Hemorrhage at presentation was seen in 80% of patients with AA and 72% with AVM alone. Emergent therapy was required in 60% of patients with AA and 40% with AVM alone (P = .63). Time to treatment was 4.3 days with AA and 27.3 days without (P = .42). There was no difference in outcome between patients with AA and those with AVM alone. CONCLUSION The incidence of pediatric AA was higher in our series than projected in the current literature. Time to treatment was shorter in children with AA compared with those with AVM alone, although there was no difference in clinical outcome. Although hemorrhage rates were similar, emergent therapy was required more often in patients with AA. Our findings support the need for early diagnosis and treatment of associated aneurysms in children.
Regulation of the immune response by soybean isoflavones

Soybeans are rich in immuno-modulatory isoflavones such as genistein, daidzein, and glycitein. These isoflavones are well-known antioxidants, chemopreventive and anti-inflammatory agents. Several epidemiological studies suggest that consumption of traditional soy food containing isoflavones is associated with reduced prevalence of chronic health disorders. Isoflavones are considered to be phytoestrogens because of their ability to bind to estrogen receptors. The literature is extensive on the chemistry, bio-availability, and bio-activity of isoflavones. However, their effects on immune response are yet to be fully understood, but are beginning to be appreciated. We review the role of isoflavones in regulation of the immune response and their potential clinical applications in immune-dysfunction. Special emphasis will be made regarding in vivo studies including humans and animal model systems.
Establishing Legitimacy in Emerging Markets: An Empirical Comparison of the Warsaw, Budapest, and Prague Stock Exchanges

The purpose of this analysis is to investigate the influence of economic and sociological institutional constraints in determining the legitimacy of firms. This study specifically looks at the importance of regulatory and transnational institutional constraints for firms traded on the Warsaw, Budapest, and Prague stock exchanges. The results indicate that a well-regulated securities environment has a direct impact on the ability of firms to establish organizational legitimacy. We also find that, lacking local regulation, firms can increase their legitimacy by adopting international accounting standards. Thus, we find support for the assertion that both economic and sociological “solutions” to the problem of legitimacy are appropriate for firms operating in an emerging market.