cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evidence for a gradient of a morphogenetic substance in the developing limb.

Abstract A polarizing activity in the developing vertebrate limb bud has been implicated in the control of the morphogenesis of its anteroposterior axis. The results of an earlier experiment suggest that there is a gradient of a similar morphogenetic activity in the 4-day chick wing, with a high level of activity along the posterior border, no detectable activity at the anterior border, and an intermediate level of activity in the center, i.e., about halfway between the anterior and posterior borders. The experiments reported here show that this activity disappears from the center of the limb after placing an impermeable barrier posterior to the center, but not after placing the barrier anterior to the center. A porous barrier placed posterior to the center does not alter the activity in the center of the limb. These results lead us to suggest that the gradient of morphogenetic activity in the chick wing is the result of the movement (possibly by diffusion) of a factor(s) from a source in the posterior region of the wing.
Assessing the impact of the Rwandan refugee crisis on development planning in rural Tanzania, 1994-1996

It is generally recognized that refugee movements are related to development policy in the worlds poorest countries. In particular solutions to refugee crises are regarded as rooted in the re-integration of refugees voluntarily into their own societies or that of a host country. For these reasons efforts at refugee resettlement and integration became closely tied to development assistance programs in the 1980s. However this situation changed with the Rwandan refugee crisis of 1994-96. Explicit relief policies emerged separating refugee relief from development assistance programs. The implications for a local population resulting from the separation of development and relief in Ngara Tanzania are examined in this paper. Ngara hosted over 400000 Rwandan refugees in 1994-96 and refugee relief programs costing hundreds of million dollars were mounted. Because of the "relief only" policy much of this expenditure was on semipermanent infrastructure institutions and programs without regard for local development planning. (authors)
Morphologic features of hepatic injury in cardiac disease and shock

Summary One-hundred-forty postmortem liver specimens from patients with cardiac disease or pre-terminal hypotensive shock were examined in order to characterize the histopathologic features of ischemic and congestive hepatic disease. The study group included patients with arteriosclerotic, valvular or hypertensive heart disease, primary pulmonary disease with cor pulmonale, myocarditis, cardiomyopathy, and shock. The hepatic lesions included centrilobular congestion alone (10%), congestion with necrosis (77%), centrilobular necrosis with inflammatory reaction (neutrophil or mononuclear cell) (27%), cardiac sclerosis (48%) and regenerative hyperplasia (23%). Cardiac sclerosis, the most common form of hepatic fibrosis seen, consisted of eccentric thickening or occlusion of the walls of central veins and perivenular scars extending into the lobular parenchyma. Regeneration of liver cells was manifested by either liver-cell plate thickening within a retained cord-like framework or by nodular masses of hepatocytes (nodular regenerative hyperplasia). Only one case of developing cirrhosis was identified in this series. The morphologic features outlined in this study should provide a useful basis for the classification of liver injury in cardiac disease and shock.
N-[2-(Hydro­xy­methoxy­boryl)­benzyl]-4,7-phenanthrolinium bromide methanol solvate

The structure of the phenanthroline-derived boronic acid viologen, C20H18BN2O2+·Br−·CH3OH, as a methanol solvate, was determined as part of a fluorescence quenching study. There is –π stacking of the phenanthroline rings and hydrogen bonding involving Br− ions.
Rhabdomyolysis with HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors and gemfibrozil combination therapy.

Context Elevated total cholesterol (total-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels are established risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) are effective cholesterol-lowering drugs that are commonly prescribed to treat this condition. These drugs are often combined with another class of drugs, fibric acid derivatives, to lower both cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Rhabdomyolysis is a known, rare serious side effect of statin monotherapy and of statin-fibrate combination therapy. Objective To examine Food and Drug Administration's (FDA's) postmarketing database for cases of rhabdomyolysis in relation to monotherapy and combination use and calculate reporting rates for this event. Design Domestic cases of statin- and statin/gemfibrozil-associated rhabdomyolysis were culled from FDA's database and reviewed. Rhabdomyolysis was defined by CPK ≥ 10 000 IU/L, myopathic signs and symptoms and clinical diagnosis of rhabdomyolysis. Reporting rates, consisting of number of reported cases/number of prescriptions for each drug, were then calculated to determine whether the reporting of rhabdomyolysis cases was commensurate with extent of use of each statin in the population. Setting Cases were obtained from the FDA adverse event reporting system (AERS) database. Patients NA. Main Outcome Measures Number of rhabdomyolysis cases were evaluated, along with outcomes, such as renal failure, dialysis and death. Results Of 866 total reported cases, 482 (56%) were associated with monotherapy and 384 (44%) related to combination therapy. More than 80% of reported cases for each drug resulted in hospitalization for renal failure and dialysis. 80 patients expired from events related directly to rhabdomyolysis. Reporting rates for all statins, except for cerivastatin, were similar and much lower than 1 per 100 000 prescriptions. The cerivastatin-reporting rate was much higher at 4.24/100 000 prescriptions. Conclusions Rhabdomyolysis is a rare, serious side effect of statin monotherapy and of statin-fibrate combination therapy. Clinicians need to remain cognizant of this potential adverse event and discuss signs and symptoms of muscle toxicity with patients in order improve the benefits-to-risks of treating dyslipidemia with statins. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Shape Transformation of Bimetallic Au–Pd Core–Shell Nanocubes to Multilayered Au–Pd–Au Core–Shell Hexagonal Platelets

Transformation of metallic or bimetallic (BM) nanoparticles (NPs) from one shape to another desired shape is of importance to nanoscience and nanotechnology, where new morphologies of NPs lead to enhancement of their exploitable properties. In this report, we present the shape transformation of Au octahedral NPs to Au–Pd core–shell nanocubes, followed by their transformation to nanostars and finally to multilayered Au–Pd–Au core–shell hexagonal platelets in the presence of T30 DNA. The weaker binding affinity of T30 DNA directs the growth to favor the formation of lower energy {111} facets, changing the morphology from nanocubes to nanostar. The nanostars, exhibiting unusual intermediate morphologies, are comprised two sets of shell layers and have Au core, Pd intermediate shell, and Au outer shell. Similarly, the hexagonal platelets, which also have Au core and inner Pd shell, are encased in an external gold shell. The formation of multilayered Au–Pd–Au core–shell hexagonal platelets from Au–Pd core–shell nanocubes via the multilayered nanostars is monitored using scanning/transmission electron microscopy analysis.
STRUCTURAL, SPECTROSCOPIC, AND MAGNETOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF THE TRINUCLEAR VANADIUM(III) CARBOXYLATES V3O(O2CR)6L3(CLO4) (R = VARIOUS GROUPS; L = PYRIDINE, 4-PICOLINE, 3,5-LUTIDINE)

Synthetic procedures are described that allow access to the [V3O(O2CR)6L3](ClO4) (R = various groups; L = pyridine (py), 4-picoline (pic) or 3,5-lutidine (lut)) family of complexes. Treatment of VCl3(THF)3 with NaO2CR (R = Me, Et) in RCO2H/py, pic/MeCN, or CH2Cl2 solution followed by addition of NBun4ClO4 leads to isolation of [V3O(O2CR)6L3](ClO4) salts in 47−95% yields. A similar procedure for R = C6H5, C6H4-p-OMe, C6H3-m-Me2, and C6H4-p-Cl but omitting addition of NaO2CR provides the corresponding benzoate or substituted-benzoate derivatives in 24−56% yields. The X-ray structure of [V3O(O2CEt)6(pic)3](ClO4) (4) shows the anion to consist of a [V3O]7+ triangular fragment with a μ3-O2- ion in the V3 plane; each triangular edge is bridged by two EtCO2- groups in their familiar syn,syn modes, and there is a terminal pic group on each VIII completing distorted octahedral geometries at the metal atoms. The cation has imposed C2 symmetry (isosceles V3 triangle), the C2 axis passing through one V atom and the c...
An architecture for a nondeterministic distributed simulator

A computer architecture for an accelerated, parallel, nondeterministic, discrete event simulator is described. The machine is evaluated for accelerating: road traffic simulation. The architecture employs reconfigurable logic, systolic arrays, and a reduction bus to perform microscopic discrete event simulation. The simulator, which achieves a speedup factor of at least 91 over its traffic software counterpart, is fast enough to be practical to municipal traffic management engineers handling road incidents in large metropolitan traffic networks.
The use of generalizability theory to estimate data reliability in single-subject observational research

Direct observation of behaviors is a data collection method customarily used in clinical and educational settings. Repeated measures and small samples are inherent characteristics of observational studies that pose challenges to the numerical estimation of reliability for observational data. In this article, we review some debates about the use of Generalizability Theory in estimating reliability of single-subject observational data. We propose that it could be used but under a clearly stated set of conditions. The conceptualization of facets and object of measurement for a common design of observational research is elucidated under a different light. We provide two numerical examples to illustrate the ideas. Limitations of using Generalizability Theory to estimate reliability of observational data are discussed. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 44: 433–439, 2007.
Regulation and function of COX-2 gene expression in isolated gastric parietal cells

We examined expression, function, and regulation of the cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 gene in gastric parietal cells. COX-2-specific mRNA was isolated from purified (>95%) canine gastric parietal cells in...
Cytoplasmic Phospholipase A2 Modulation of Adolescent Rat Ethanol-Induced Protein Kinase C Translocation and Behavior

Ethanol consumption typically begins during adolescence, a developmental period which exhibits many age-dependent differences in ethanol behavioral sensitivity. Protein kinase C (PKC) activity is largely implicated in ethanol-behaviors, and our previous work indicates that regulation of novel PKC isoforms likely contributes to decreased high-dose ethanol sensitivity during adolescence. The cytoplasmic Phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) signaling cascade selectivity modulates novel and atypical PKC isoform activity, as well as adolescent ethanol hypnotic sensitivity. Therefore, the current study was designed to ascertain adolescent cPLA2 activity both basally and in response to ethanol, as well as it’s involvement in ethanol-induced PKC isoform translocation patterns. cPLA2 expression was elevated during adolescence, and activity was increased only in adolescents following high-dose ethanol administration. Novel, but not atypical PKC isoforms translocate to cytosolic regions following high-dose ethanol administration. Inhibiting cPLA2 with AACOCF3 blocked ethanol-induced PKC cytosolic translocation. Finally, inhibition of novel, but not atypical, PKC isoforms when cPLA2 activity was elevated, modulated adolescent high-dose ethanol-sensitivity. These data suggest that the cPLA2/PKC pathway contributes to the acute behavioral effects of ethanol during adolescence.
Women's Jobs and Family Adjustment

THIS study investigated the relationship between multiple characteristics of women's jobs and their family adjustment in a sample of 99 women in dual-earner families. Six work-related variables were considered simultaneously as predictors of family adjustment: intrinsic job gratification, satisfaction with job security, job-related mood, time spent at work, occupational prestige, and salary. The results were consistent with the hypothesis that women's paid work lives influence their family adjustment. Women's experiences of their work were significantly related to two of three measures of family adjustment. Salary was negatively associated with satisfaction with family relations for women in low-status occupations only. Time spent at work and occupational prestige showed no significant associations with reported adjustment. Of the three indicators of family adjustment, marital satisfaction appeared to be relatively immune from work influences. We hypothesized that the marital relationship may be less sens...
An unusual cause of a non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction

A 66-year-old man presented with dull, left-sided chest pain for 1 week occurring mainly at rest. The symptoms had been present for 1 month but had increased in frequency over the preceding 3 days. He became acutely short of breath with substernal chest pain while climbing a flight of stairs the day of admission. The pain was pressure-like, did not radiate and was associated with presyncope, but not syncope, diaphoresis, nausea nor vomiting. He had no past medical history of cardiac disease but did have risk factors for coronary artery disease (CAD) including hypertension, history of smoking and the metabolic syndrome. His past medical history was also significant for non-Hodgkin's stage IV …
Smoking cessation: an economic analysis and review of varenicline

Despite efforts to decrease tobacco use, smoking continues to be a leading cause of preventable morbidity and premature death. The associated economic burden is substantial, both in the form of direct costs (healthcare expenditures) and indirect costs (lost productivity), regardless of whether the burden is assessed from the standpoint of an employer, a health plan, or society as a whole. Cessation programs are considered among the most cost-effective in healthcare, and are often used as a benchmark for other medical interventions. This analysis specifically considers the cost-effectiveness of varenicline, a novel α4β2 partial agonist used for smoking cessation, in comparison to other approved therapies. Clinical trial data have demonstrated that varenicline has the ability to decrease cravings and withdrawal symptoms, and lessen positive reinforcement associated with smoking. Varenicline’s novel mechanism has translated into superior efficacy in comparison to other available therapies. For this reason, despite an initial cost that typically exceeds that of other medications, varenicline is a cost-effective option for smoking cessation.
Measurement of Acetylcholine in Rat Brain Microdialysates by LC – Isotope Dilution Tandem MS

An LC–MS–MS method was developed for measuring acetylcholine (ACh) in an aqueous medium using reversed-phase ion-pair chromatography, electrospray ionization on a quadrupole ion trap instrument and a tetradeuterated analogue (ACh-1,1,2,2-d4) as an internal standard. A rapid separation was achieved on a 5-cm long octadecylsilica column (2.1 mm i.d.) by employing heptafluorobutyric acid (0.1% v/v) as an ion-pairing agent and requiring 10% v/v acetonitrile in 20 mM ammonium formate buffer under isocratic elution at 200 μl min−1 flow rate. The instrument’s response was calibrated with samples containing known mole ratios of ACh and ACh-1,1,2,2-d4 in an artificial cerebrospinal fluid, which afforded the conclusion that analyte concentrations could be determined by multiplying the measured analyte to internal standard ion-current ratio with the known molar concentration of the ACh-1,1,2,2-d4 added. The rapid and simple assay was tested by measuring the basal neurotransmitter concentration in rat brain microdialysates without the use of a cholinesterase inhibitor upon sample collection.
Electroweak symmetry breaking and dynamics of tight bound states

The problem of dynamic electroweak symmetry breaking (DEWSB) is reviewed. The emphasis is on the consideration of the dynamics of spinless tight bound states which can be an essential ingredient of the DEWSB scenario.
Species Identification and Antifungal Susceptibility Testing of Candida Bloodstream Isolates from Population-Based Surveillance Studies in Two U.S. Cities from 2008 to 2011

Between 2008 and 2011, population-based candidemia surveillance was conducted in Atlanta, GA, and Baltimore, MD. Surveillance had been previously performed in Atlanta in 1992 to 1993 and in Baltimore in 1998 to 2000, making this the first population-based candidemia surveillance conducted over multiple time points in the United States. From 2,675 identified cases of candidemia in the current surveillance, 2,329 Candida isolates were collected. Candida albicans no longer comprised the majority of isolates but remained the most frequently isolated species (38%), followed by Candida glabrata (29%), Candida parapsilosis (17%), and Candida tropicalis (10%). The species distribution has changed over time; in both Atlanta and Baltimore the proportion of C. albicans isolates decreased, and the proportion of C. glabrata isolates increased, while the proportion of C. parapsilosis isolates increased in Baltimore only. There were 98 multispecies episodes, with C. albicans and C. glabrata the most frequently encountered combination. The new species-specific CLSI Candida MIC breakpoints were applied to these data. With the exception of C. glabrata (11.9% resistant), resistance to fluconazole was very low (2.3% of isolates for C. albicans, 6.2% for C. tropicalis, and 4.1% for C. parapsilosis). There was no change in the proportion of fluconazole resistance between surveillance periods. Overall echinocandin resistance was low (1% of isolates) but was higher for C. glabrata isolates, ranging from 2.1% isolates resistant to caspofungin in Baltimore to 3.1% isolates resistant to anidulafungin in Atlanta. Given the increase at both sites and the higher echinocandin resistance, C. glabrata should be closely monitored in future surveillance.
Interaction with the Epstein-Barr Virus Helicase Targets Zta to DNA Replication Compartments

Zta has a dual role in the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) lytic cycle, acting as a key regulator of EBV lytic gene expression and also being essential for lytic viral DNA replication. Zta's replication function is mediated in part through interactions with the core viral replication proteins. We now show interaction between Zta and the helicase (BBLF4) and map the binding region to within amino acids (aa) 22 to 86 of the Zta activation domain. In immunofluorescence assays, green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged BBLF4 localized to the cytoplasm of transfected cells. Cotransfection of Zta resulted in translocation of BBLF4-GFP into the nucleus indicating interaction between these two proteins. However, Zta with a deletion of aa 24 to 86 was unable to mediate nuclear translocation of BBLF4-GFP. Results obtained with Zta variants carrying deletions across the aa 24 to 86 region indicated more than one contact site for BBLF4 within this domain, and this was reinforced by the behavior of the four-point mutant Zta (m22/26,74/75), which was severely impaired for BBLF4 interaction. Binding of BBLF4 to Zta was confirmed using GST affinity assays. In both cotransfection-replication assays and replication assays performed in EBV-positive P3HR1 cells, the Zta (m22/26,74/75) mutant was replication defective. In Zta-transfected D98-HR1 cells, replication compartments could be detected by immunofluorescence staining using anti-BMRF1 monoclonal antibody. Cells transfected with Zta variants that were defective for helicase binding still formed replication compartments, but Zta was excluded from these compartments. These experiments reveal a role for the Zta-helicase interaction in targeting Zta to sites of viral DNA replication.
Self-organization of foraging behaviour: from simplicity to complexity without goals.

A herbivore faces challenges while foraging-angoing changes in its physiological condition along with variation in the nutrient and toxin concentrations of foods, spatially and temporally-that make selecting a nutritious diet a vital affair. Foraging behaviours arise from simple rules that operate across levels of resolution from cells and organs to individuals and their interactions with social and physical environments. At all these levels, behaviour is a function of its consequences: a behaviour operating on the environment to induce changes is itself changed by those events. Thus, behaviour emerges from its own functioning-behaviour selforganizes-not from that of its surroundings. This ostensible autonomy notwithstanding, no self-organizing system (cell, organ, or individual) is independent of its environs because existence consists of an ongoing exchange of energy and matter. According to this view, the notion of cause and effect is replaced with functional relationships between behaviours and environmental consequences. Changes in physical environments alter the distribution, abundance, nutritional, and toxicological characteristics of plants, which affect food preference. Social interactions early in life influence behaviour in various ways: animals prefer familiar foods and environments, and they prefer to be with companions. Animals in unfamiliar environments often walk farther, ingest less food, and suffer more from malnutrition and toxicity than animals in familiar environments. An individual’s food preferences-and its ability to discriminate familiar from novel foods-arise from the functional integration of sensory (smell, taste, texture) and postingestive (effects of nutrients and toxins on chemo-, osmo-, and mechano-receptors) effects. The ability to discriminate among foods is critical for survival: all problems with poisonous plants are due to an inability to discriminate or a lack of alternatives. Animals eat a variety of foods as a result of nearing or exceeding tolerance limits for sensory and postingestive effects unique to each food. After eating any food too frequently or excessively, the likelihood increases that animals will eat alternative foods owing to exceeding sensory-, nutrient-, and toxin-specific tolerance limits. Cyclic patterns of intake of a variety of foods reflect seemingly chaotic interactions among flavours, nutrients, and toxins interacting along continua.
The Relationship Between Dimensions of Interparental Conflict and Adjustment in College-Age Offspring

This article presents research from a recently completed study investigating the relationship between college-age offsprings' perceptions of several dimensions of interparental conflict (i.e., frequency, type, duration, and content) and indicants of adjustment (i.e., depression, externalizing behavior problems, dating, peer relationships, and attitudes toward marriage). Subjects were 320 (179 females, 141 males) undergraduate students from a southeastern university who met inclusion criteria as determined by an initial screening instrument administered to all students enrolled in the introductory psychology course. Subjects completed measures on demographic information, their perceptions of interparental conflict, and adjustment. Canonical correlations and follow-up stepwise multiple regression analyses indicated that frequency of interparental conflict was the most important predictor of depression, externalizing behavior problems, and negative views towards marriage for the females. No significant relat...
Con: Phosphate binders in chronic kidney disease

Phosphate binders are prescribed to chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients based on associations of serum phosphate concentrations with mortality and calcification, experimental evidence for direct calcifying effects of phosphate on vascular smooth muscle tissue and the central importance of phosphate retention in CKD-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD). Current knowledge regarding phosphate metabolism in CKD provides important insight into disease mechanisms and supports future clinical trials of phosphate binders in CKD patients to determine the impact of these medications on clinically relevant outcomes. The risks and benefits of phosphate binders cannot be inferred from association studies of serum phosphate concentrations, which are inconsistent and subject to confounding, animal-experimental data, which are based on conditions that differ from human disease, or physiological arguments, which are limited to known regulatory factors. Many interventions that targeted biochemical pathways suggested by association studies and suspected biological importance have yielded null or harmful results. Clinical trials of phosphate binders are of high clinical and scientific importance to nephrology. Demonstration of reduced rates of clinical disease in such trials could lead to important health benefits for CKD patients, whereas negative results would refocus efforts to understand and treat CKD-MBD. Clinical trials that employ highly practical or 'pragmatic' designs represent an optimal approach for determining the safety and effectiveness of phosphate binders in real-world settings. Absent clinical trial data, observational studies of phosphate binders in large CKD populations could provide important information regarding the benefits, risks and/or unintended side effects of these medications.
ERL with Non-Scaling Fixed Field Alternating Gradient Lattice for eRHIC

The proposed eRHIC electron-hadron collider uses a "non-scaling FFAG" (NS-FFAG) lattice to recirculate 16 turns of different energy through just two beam lines located in the RHIC tunnel. This paper presents lattices for these two FFAGs that are optimised for low magnet field and to minimise total synchrotron radiation across the energy range. The higher number of recirculations in the FFAG allows a shorter linac (1.322GeV) to be used, drastically reducing cost, while still achieving a 21.2 GeV maximum energy to collide with one of the existing RHIC hadron rings at up to 250GeV. eRHIC uses many costsaving measures in addition to the FFAG: the linac operates in energy recovery mode, so the beams also decelerate via the same FFAG loops and energy is recovered from the interacted beam. All magnets will be constructed from NdFeB permanent magnet material, meaning chillers and large magnet power supplies are not needed. This paper also describes a small prototype ERLFFAG accelerator that will test all of these technologies in combination to reduce technical risk for eRHIC.
Evaluating the effectiveness of a laboratory-based professional development program for science educators

The process of developing effective science educators has been a long-standing objective of the broader education community. Numerous studies have recommended not only depth in a teacher's subject area but also a breadth of professional development grounded in constructivist principles, allowing for successful student-centered and inquiry-based instruction. Few programs, however, have addressed the integration of the scientific research laboratory into the science classroom as a viable approach to professional development. Additionally, while occasional laboratory training programs have emerged in recent years, many lack a component for translating acquired skills into reformed classroom instruction. Given the rapid development and demand for knowledgeable employees and an informed population from the biotech and medical industries in recent years, it would appear to be particularly advantageous for the physiology and broader science education communities to consider this issue. The goal of this study was to examine the effectiveness of a laboratory-based professional development program focused on the integration of reformed teaching principles into the classrooms of secondary teachers. This was measured through the program's ability to instill in its participants elevated academic success while gaining fulfillment in the classroom. The findings demonstrated a significant improvement in the use of student-centered instruction and other reformed methods by program participants as well as improved self-efficacy, confidence, and job satisfaction. Also revealed was a reluctance to refashion established classroom protocols. The combination of these outcomes allowed for construction of an experiential framework for professional development in applied science education that supports an atmosphere of reformed teaching in the classroom.
Undrained Volume Changes in Compacted Cohesive Soil

A comprehensive series of unconsolidated-undrained triaxial shear tests was conducted on a partially saturated compacted sandy clayey silt to evaluate the nature and extent of volume changes during undrained shear. The results showed high variability in the volume changes, which were also nonlinear and stress-dependent. It was found that the variations are affected by the soil type, soil structure, compaction method, compaction effort, and water content. The results also showed that the concept of critical void ratio-critical confining pressure is applicable for the analysis of undrained failure conditions in partially saturated, compacted soils of the type considered. These results are also interpreted in terms of a Poisson’s ratio for analytical studies; the variability of this ratio serves to emphasize the importance of effective prototype modeling.
IgG4 Syndrome Presenting as Leptomeningitis in a Young Woman.

To the Editor: Immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a recognized systemic condition that can affect almost every organ system1. The most commonly involved organs are the pancreas, salivary glands, and biliary tree. The common presentation with central nervous system (CNS) involvement is hypophysitis and pachymeningitis, but rarely leptomeningitis2. Only 3 reported cases of leptomeningitis have been reported, all of them presenting as cognitive decline, and 2 associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA)3. We describe a patient with unilateral hearing loss and a right frontal mass on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) who was subsequently diagnosed with IgG4-related leptomeningitis after biopsy. This is a unique case of IgG4-related leptomeningitis because of its presentation and lack of association with RA or positive serological markers. A 43-year-old woman with thyroid follicular cancer, post-thyroidectomy, had progressive right-side hearing loss for 2 months. She was also noted to have gait difficulty, pins-and-needles sensations in the feet, and facial droop on the left side. Physical examination showed that she was alert and oriented to time, place, and person. Her cranial nerves were intact except … Address correspondence to Dr. S. Medavaram, 3111 Bristol Station Court, Carteret, New Jersey 07008, USA. E-mail: sowmini.medavaram{at}gmail.com
Why Continued Advertising is Necessary: A New Explanation:

Continued advertising seems to be a well-established marketing principle. But why should it be necessary?The answer lies in recognition of one characteristic of the decision-making process under co...
Factors Affecting the Performance of an Electrochemical Detector for the Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatographic Separation of Small Peptides

The factors affecting base line stability of an electrochemical detector (ECD) in the reversed-phase chromatographic separation of peptides are investigated. It is found that the major factor causing base line drift is temperature change. As long as the temperature remains constant, the experiment can be run at ambient temperature +/- 10 degrees C. Other factors affecting the performance of the detector include vibrations, drafts, the use of a chelating agent in the mobile phase, and stirring and recirculating the mobile phase.
The Analysis of some Pyrazolone Dyes

Usually azo compounds are identified by cleavage of azo group by reduction, followed by identification of produced. amines This method, however, can not be successfully applied to azo dyes with pyrazolone component, because the resulting amino-pyrazolones are unstable and change rapidly into very complex rubazonic acids. On the other hand, when the hydroxyl group at 5-position of pyrazolone was substituted by chlorine with phosphorous oxychloride, the resultant amino pyrazole derivatives were stable. By this way identification of pyrazolone component can be accomplished.
Aphids (Homoptera: Aphididae) Colonizing Leaves of Asparagus in the United States

In the United States, a single alate vivipara of Brachycorynella asparagi (Mordvilko), the asparagus aphid, was first collected and identified in July 1969 on Agrostis alba L. at Orient, Long Island, N.Y. By the end of 1973, B. asparagi had been collected in most of the states along the eastern seaboard from Massachusetts south to North Carolina. It was collected in Missouri and Washington in 1979, in Idaho, Ohio, Oklahoma, and Oregon in 1981, and in California in 1984. Damage to asparagus has been extensive in some fields in Washington, Oregon, and California; and crop losses have been heavy in these areas. In addition to B. asparagi , six other aphid species are known to colonize asparagus in the United States. A brief summary of taxonomic characteristics. usual hosts. and known distribution within the United States is given for each species along with a couplet key and pictorial plates. This information should prove useful to county, state, and federal personnel involved with the detection of B. asparagi as it spreads into other asparagus-producing regions of the United States.
ACCURACY IN EVALUATION OF LOW-FLOW LOW-GRADIENT SEVERE AORTIC STENOSIS WITH PRESERVED EJECTION FRACTION MAY DEPEND UPON THE METHOD OF CALCULATING STROKE VOLUME

In order to correctly identify low-flow low-grade severe aortic stenosis with preserved ejection fraction (LF/LG AS), indexed stroke volume (SVi) must be measured accurately. We hypothesized that determining SVi using Simpson’s biplane method rather than left ventricular outflow tract velocity-
Effect of cytokines on transcriptional regulation of HLA-B27 promoter in HeLa cells

AIM:To assess the effect of seven cytokines on transcriptional regulation of HLA-B27 promoter, NF-κB and ISRE cis-element activity in HeLa cells.METHODS: HeLa-HLAB27 promoter stable cell line was constructed. The HeLa-B27 promoter stable cell line, HeLa-NF-κB stable cell line and HeLa cells transfected with pISRE-luc were cultured with different cytokines (IL-1α, IL-1β, TNF-α, IFN-α, IFN-β, IFN-γ and TGF-β).RESULTS: TNF-α, IFN-α, IFN-β and IFN-γ increased the B27 promoter activity at 96 h. The strongest inducer was IFN-β, the luciferase activity increased by 5.4 times. TNF-α, IL-1α and IL-1β also induced the NF-κB activity at 8 h (increased around 30 times). IFN-α and IFN-β increased the interferon-stimulated response element(ISRE) activity 10 times at 6 h.CONCLUSION: TNF-α and interferons increase the B27 promoter activity. IFN-β might play an important role in the pathogenesis of B27 related diseases.
Survey of Listeria monocytogens pollution in foods in Xishan County of Kunming

Objective To understand the condition of Listeria monocytogens pollution in foods in Xishan County of Kunming,and prevent food poisoning breakout and spread. Methods Samples were collected according to the national standard( GB 4789. 30-2010),and detected by BioMerieux VITEK system. Results A total of 406 samples of food and food processing tools were detected from May to September in 2012,with an overall detection rate of 2. 46%. The detection rate of food processing tools was 2. 5%. The detection rate of overall food was 2. 46%. The detection rate of vegetables and meat were both 5%. Conclusion There was a wide spread pollution and high public health risk of Listeria monocytogens in local foods,and the food safety management should be strengthened.
The field repair technology for SF_6 equipment leakage

Aiming at the problem of the abrupt gas leakage of SF6 equipment,puts forward a sort of special technics method which can conveniently and quickly block the gas leakage,under the condition of the equipment electrified,repairs and seals the place of gas leakage,avoids the leakage gas to do harm to the working staff and the environment.
Expansion without Significant Rigidity During Nocturnal Penile Tumescence Testing: A Potential Source of Misinterpretation

AbstractOf 134 patients who underwent nocturnal penile tumescence evaluation 23 were found to have significant penile expansion without rigidity sufficient to effect vaginal penetration. An assessment of rigidity as well as expansion is necessary for proper interpretation of the study. Although the nocturnal penile tumescence categories of normal expansion-rigidity and insignificant expansion are relatively clear-cut, and indicate psychogenic and biogenic impotence, respectively, there still exists a number of patients who are not in either of these categories and in whom further delineation is necessary.
iRULE: fast hot-carrier reliability diagnosis using macro-models

In this paper, we present a new reliability diagnosis tool (iRULE) for the design of hot-carrier resistant MOS circuits. Unlike conventional reliability CAD tools which are usually simulation-based, iRULE is rule-based in nature. The computational complexity of iRULE is linear with respect to the number of transistors. Compared with the circuit-level reliability simulation tools, iRULE is slightly less accurate, but much faster. It makes the reliability diagnosis for VLSI circuits with several million transistors feasible even on a desktop workstation. >
Sequences and Series

This chapter focuses on the sequences of real numbers. A sequence is the following of one thing after another. In mathematics one can define a sequence intuitively as a succession of numbers that never terminates. A sequence of real numbers is a function whose domain is the set of positive integers. The values taken by the function are called terms of the sequence. The chapter discusses bounded and monotonic sequences. A bounded monotonic sequence is convergent. A series in which successive terms have opposite signs is called an alternating series. An alternating series is said to be conditionally convergent if it is convergent but not absolutely convergent.
Probing the Biexponential Dynamics of Ring-Opening in 7-Dehydrocholesterol.

Our prior discovery of a novel biexponential photochemical ring-opening in 7-dehydrocholesterol (DHC) to previtamin D3 [Tang J. Chem. Phys. 2011, 134, 104503] is further explored with ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy, and the results are compared with recently reported high-level theoretical calculations. Three types of experiments are reported. First, variation of the excitation wavelength from 297 to 266 nm leaves the excited state dynamics unaffected. The biexponential decay of the excited state absorption is independent of excitation wavelength with time constants of 0.57 ± 0.06 and 1.88 ± 0.09 ps, in excellent agreement with the results reported earlier (0.56 ± 0.06 and 1.81 ± 0.15 ps) following excitation at 266 nm. Second, variation of the chirp of the excitation pulse influences the relative amplitude of the fast and slow decay components but has no influence on the photoproduct yield. Third, a 545 nm pulse delayed by 0.64 ps with respect to the initial 266 nm pulse was used to perturb ...
Viscous magnetoresistance of correlated electron liquids

Evidence for hydrodynamic flow of electrons was recently reported in a number of transport experiments in high-mobility semiconductor and graphene nanodevices. The electron liquid in these systems moves in the presence of a long-range disorder potential, which makes the entropy per electron position dependent. The resulting nonisentropic flow is markedly different from Stokesian flow: the resistivity is governed not only by the viscosity of the electron fluid but also by its thermal conductivity. Here, the authors show that the weak-field magnetoresistance (MR) in this hydrodynamic regime is caused by the modification of the flow pattern by the Lorentz force. The resulting MR is positive and is controlled by the shear viscosity alone. This may help separate the viscous and the thermal contributions to the resistivity.
Affection Deprivation is Conceptually and Empirically Distinct From Loneliness

Due in part to its contributions to physical health and mental well-being, the communication of affection has received much empirical attention in recent years and has been argued to be a fundamental human need. Working from that premise, Floyd (2014b) advanced the theoretic construct of affection deprivation, an acute or chronic state in which one fails to receive the level of affection he or she desires from others. Affection deprivation is empirically associated with multiple relational and health-related outcomes, but its focus on being deprived of meaningful communication and connection with others raises a legitimate question about its distinctiveness from loneliness. This article argues for a conceptual distinction between affection deprivation and loneliness, reanalyzing the original data from Floyd (2014b), and analyzing newly collected data, to show that affection deprivation and loneliness are empirically distinct as well.
An Introduction to the Dytiscidae: Their Diversity, Historical Importance, Cultural Significance, and Other Musings

Predaceous diving beetles (Family Dytiscidae) are one of the most fearsome predators in freshwater environments, however most of their biology and ecology remains to be measured. The Dytiscidae exhibit a complex life cycle with both adults and larvae using a variety of aquatic habitats for feeding, reproduction, and intra- and interspecific interactions. Adults are vagile and capable of dispersal across great distances, making them an important component of the terrestrial environment and potentially important for linking various habitats via the movement of energy and materials. Both larvae and adults are predaceous, and the former often possess large curved hollow mandibles that are capable of dispatching large prey, including vertebrates. As predators, they exhibit different hunting behaviors and a full repertoire of chemicals used for defense and communication. Adult dytiscids also display one of the most complex and fascinating examples of sexual selection, with both pre- and post-copulatory mating choice dispersed among different phylogenetic branches of the family. Although the systematics of dytiscids has been of interest for decades, phylogenies are now becoming clearer, allowing us to better understand their dynamic and interesting evolutionary history. These beetles also can instruct us on bigger concepts, like the current focus on conservation both of species and of the habitats that harbor them; to this dytiscids make a good case study. Although often overlooked in the scientific literature compared to other aquatic insect groups, their importance in human culture, both past and present, is compelling and worthy of note. With all this, perhaps the most intriguing thing about dytiscids is that we know so little about them.
A comparison between silicon carbide based current source rectifier and voltage source rectifier for applications in community DC microgrid

Community DC microgrid is considered as an efficient solution for providing clean energy for residential areas. Connection of the DC microgrid to the AC utility grid would need a power electronic based rectifier. Voltage Source Rectifier (VSR) and Current Source Rectifier (CSR) are considered as the two options for such application. This study compares the two topologies based on their power density and efficiency. Silicon Carbide (SiC) switches are used for designing the rectifiers to get better power density and efficiency. The close proximity of the rectifier to the residential area requires electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) of the rectifier with established standards such as IEC 61000-3-4 and FCC B. This analysis shows that CSR has higher efficiency and higher power density compared to VSR.
Electronic and protonic conduction in LaFeO3

Perovskite-type LaFeO3 has promising applications as a negative-electrode material for Ni/metal-hydride batteries. To further improve electrode performance, a thorough understanding of its charge-transport mechanisms is required. We use hybrid density functional theory to investigate the structural and electronic properties of bulk LaFeO3, as well as the effect of point defects and polarons on charge transport. Electronic charge localizes in the form of small hole and electron polarons; this self-trapping occurs in the bulk and also in the vicinity of point defects and impurities. We find that oxygen vacancies act as deep donors, while Fe and La vacancies are acceptors with the induced holes trapped as small polarons. Hydrogen interstitials and Ge and Ti impurities, on the other hand, act as donors that can trap small electron polarons. Hydrogen binds strongly to the La and Fe vacancies and hence these defects are detrimental to protonic conduction. We also elucidate how doping with Sr enhances the electrode performance of LaFeO3:Sr impurities substituting on La sites act as acceptors and enable electronic conductivity through hole polarons, with a hopping barrier of 0.39 eV. In addition, Sr impurities suppress the formation of cation vacancies, thereby enhancing proton conductivity.
UDP-glucuronosyltransferases and biochemical recurrence in prostate cancer progression.

Uridine 5′-diphosphate-glucuronosyltransferase 2B (UGT2B) genes code for enzymes that catalyze the clearance of testosterone, dihydrotestosterone (DHT), and DHT metabolites in the prostate basal and luminal tissue. The expression of the UGT2B15, UGT2B17, and UGT2B28 enzymes has not been evaluated in prostate tissue samples from hormone therapy-naive patients. We determined the expression of UGT2B15, UGT2B17, and UGT2B28 enzymes in 190 prostate tissue samples from surgical specimens of a multiethnic cohort of patients undergoing radical prostatectomy at the Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center. The association between each protein’s percent positive and H-score, a weighted score of staining intensity, and the risk of biochemical recurrence (BCR) was tested using separate Cox proportional hazards models. In an exploratory analysis, UGT2B17 total positive and H-score were divided at the median and we tested the association between UGT2B17 group and risk of BCR. The median follow-up for all patients was 118 months (IQR: 85-144). Of 190, 83 (44%) patients developed BCR. We found no association between UGT2B15 or UGT2B28 and risk of BCR. However, there was a trend for an association between UGT2B17 and BCR (HR = 1.01, 95% CI 1.00-1.02, p = 0.11), though not statistically significant. Upon further investigation, we found that patients with UGT2B17 higher levels of expression had a significant increased risk of BCR on univariable analysis (HR = 1.57, 95% CI 1.02-2.43, p = 0.041), although this association was attenuated in the multivariable model (HR = 1.50, 95% CI 0.94-2.40, p = 0.088). Our findings suggest that UGT2B17 overexpression may be associated with a significant increased risk of BCR. These results are consistent with previous reports which showed UGT2B17 significantly expressed in advanced prostate cancer including prostate tumor metastases.