cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Identification of Quantitative Trait Loci That Regulate Arabidopsis Root System Size and Plasticity

Root system size (RSS) is a complex trait that is greatly influenced by environmental cues. Hence, both intrinsic developmental pathways and environmental-response pathways contribute to RSS. To assess the natural variation in both types of pathways, we examined the root systems of the closely related Arabidopsis ecotypes Landsberg erecta (Ler) and Columbia (Col) grown under mild osmotic stress conditions. We found that Ler initiates more lateral root primordia, produces lateral roots from a higher percentage of these primordia, and has an overall larger root system than Col under these conditions. Furthermore, although each of these parameters is reduced by osmotic stress in both ecotypes, Ler shows a decreased sensitivity to osmotica. To understand the genetic basis for these differences, QTL for RSS under mild osmotic stress were mapped in a Ler × Col recombinant inbred population. Two robust quantitative trait loci (QTL) were identified and confirmed in near-isogenic lines (NILs). The NILs also allowed us to define distinct physiological roles for the gene(s) at each locus. This study provides insight into the genetic and physiological complexity that determines RSS and begins to dissect the molecular basis for naturally occurring differences in morphology and developmental plasticity in the root system.
Industry Self-Regulation of Consumer Data Privacy and Security, 32 J. Marshall J. Info. Tech. & Privacy L. 15 (2015)

Industry self-regulation of consumer data privacy and security has been proposed as a flexible alternative and compliment to traditional government regulation. This study analyzes whether different types of existing industry-led standards improve online privacy and security. This paper examines which types of firms join voluntary standards and whether there is a difference in outcomes between trade association memberships (like the Digital Advertising Alliance) and certification programs (like TRUSTe). Results suggest that more trafficked websites are more likely to adopt standards, and that trade association membership does not have an effect on privacy and security performance. This article highlights the need for a valid privacy metric for robust empirical study of data privacy and security.
Probabilistic Finite State Machines for Regression-based MT Evaluation

Accurate and robust metrics for automatic evaluation are key to the development of statistical machine translation (MT) systems. We first introduce a new regression model that uses a probabilistic finite state machine (pFSM) to compute weighted edit distance as predictions of translation quality. We also propose a novel pushdown automaton extension of the pFSM model for modeling word swapping and cross alignments that cannot be captured by standard edit distance models. Our models can easily incorporate a rich set of linguistic features, and automatically learn their weights, eliminating the need for ad-hoc parameter tuning. Our methods achieve state-of-the-art correlation with human judgments on two different prediction tasks across a diverse set of standard evaluations (NIST OpenMT06, 08; WMT06-08).
Self-Organization of Microscale Condensate for Delayed Flooding of Nanostructured Superhydrophobic Surfaces

Superhydrophobic surfaces enhance condensation by inhibiting the formation of an insulating liquid layer. While this produces efficient heat transfer at low supersaturations, superhydrophobicity has been shown to break down at increased supersaturations. As heat transfer increases, the random distribution and high density of nucleation sites produces pinned droplets, which lead to uncontrollable flooding. In this work, engineered variations in wettability are used to promote the self-organization of microscale droplets, which is shown to effectively delay flooding. Virus-templated superhydrophobic surfaces are patterned with an array of superhydrophilic islands designed to minimize surface adhesion while promoting spatial order. By use of optical and electron microscopy, the surfaces are optimized and characterized during condensation. Mixed wettability imparts spatial order not only through preferential nucleation but more importantly through the self-organization of coalescing droplets at high supersatu...
Gene Expression Variability Underlies Adaptive Resistance in Phenotypically Heterogeneous Bacterial Populations.

The root cause of the antibiotic resistance crisis is the ability of bacteria to evolve resistance to a multitude of antibiotics and other environmental toxins. The regulation of adaptation is difficult to pinpoint due to extensive phenotypic heterogeneity arising during evolution. Here, we investigate the mechanisms underlying general bacterial adaptation by evolving wild-type Escherichia coli populations to dissimilar chemical toxins. We demonstrate the presence of extensive inter- and intrapopulation phenotypic heterogeneity across adapted populations in multiple traits, including minimum inhibitory concentration, growth rate, and lag time. To search for a common response across the heterogeneous adapted populations, we measured gene expression in three stress-response networks: the mar regulon, the general stress response, and the SOS response. While few genes were differentially expressed, clustering revealed that interpopulation gene expression variability in adapted populations was distinct from th...
Numerical Analysis of Liquid Breakup and Drop Generation in Low Velocity Jets

Biological sprays and aerodynamically assisted bio-jets are increasingly employed in treatment of living cells and organisms for applications in regenerative medicine, tissue repair, and advanced therapeutics. The liquid used in biological applications cover a wide range of viscosities and surface tensions. Determining conditions that achieve steady and uniform drop distribution for a range of properties of the liquid jet is critical in advancing biological applications.In this study, numerical simulations of jet breakup are carried out using a modified volume of fluid (VOF) approach to capture the interface. The interplay of viscosity and surface tension is studied by varying liquid properties. Simulations show that a high viscosity jet stretches and elongates before a liquid segment detaches. Based on the thickness of the liquid thread connecting the detaching drop to the main liquid stream, two fundamentally different modes of liquid pinch off have been predicted: thick-thin and thin-thick. In the thick-thin mode, the liquid jet has a growing drop at its edge. As this drop grows in size, the liquid stream stretches till the drop is pinched off the liquid stream. In the other mode in addition to the pinch off of drops from the jet, ligaments of liquid break off. The change in the breakup mode is primarily governed by the relative magnitude of the viscous force compared to surface tension with high viscous force leading to thin-thick liquid stretching and pinch off. Thick-thin stretching is seen to produce slow moving satellite drops that merge backwards with the oncoming drop, while thin-thick stretching is noticed to result in faster satellite drops that merge forwards. On the other hand when surface tension force dominates, non-merging satellite drops are formed that move with a speed close to the primary drops.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
The Promise and Peril of Legal Technology

Economic pressure in the legal industry met with increasing legal-tech innovation raises numerous ethical issues in legal practice. Law firms find economic advantage in adopting new technology, but readily new technology seems inconsistent with current professional conduct. This article explores this problem and offers various solutions for integrating technology and maintaining high ethical standards.
Key Technologies Research of Remote Monitor System on Oil-gas Production

Analysing present situation of oil and gas production and defect of present monitor control system, three-ties architecture is presented. Terminal subsystem is the first layer, which is mainly made of RTU, flow computer, wireless sensor network. The Second layer is security transmission subsystem, which is made of GPRS(CDMA)+APN. The last layer is centre monitor subsystem, which is exchange platform based on virtual data centre. Four key technologies are applied to the remote monitoring system. As a result, work efficiency of oil-gas production has been greatly increased, and safety accidents have been reduced.
The Necessary Micromarketing Functions in LDCs for Macro Benefits

This article proposes that if certain marketing functions are performed at the micro level, macro benefits will accrue. This is particularly true for LDCs. The author distinguishes six problem areas in these countries which can be corrected by appropriate marketing functions. The six problem areas are (1) scarce resources, (2) inappropriate products, (3) lack of standardization, (4) product waste, (5) uninformed consumers, and (6) misdirected distribution.
Effects of CGS-13080, a thromboxane inhibitor, on pulmonary vascular resistance in patients after mitral valve replacement surgery.

Pulmonary hypertension with an elevated pulmonary vascular resistance was observed during the immediate recovery period in patients who underwent mitral valve surgery. In eight such patients, intravenous infusion of CGS-13080, imidazo(1,5-a)pyridine-5-hexanoic acid (a thromboxane synthetase inhibitor), at a dose range of 0.08-0.1 mg/kg/hr, effectively reduced pulmonary hypertension (from a mean pulmonary arterial pressure of 36 +/- 2 to 31 +/- 2 torr) and pulmonary vascular resistance (from 339 +/- 38 to 238 +/- 37 dynes.sec.cm-5) within 30 minutes and remained reduced for the entire infusion period (48 hours in five patients and 18 hours in three patients). Mean arterial pressure or systemic vascular resistance were not significantly affected by the drug infusion. Serum thromboxane B2 levels (a stable metabolic product of thromboxane A2) were significantly reduced after administration of the compound, with the maximum effect of greater than 90% reduction. All patients tolerated the drug infusion without significant side effects.
Assessing the Decline of Internal Labor Markets

The circumstances that helped create formal arrangements for managing employees in large firms, often referred to as internal labor markets, are changing. Internalized employment arrangements that buffer jobs from market pressures are giving way to arrangements that rely much more heavily on outside market forces to manage employees. This argument goes beyond previous assertions that jobs are being transformed away from permanent employees in the United States (Pfeffer and Baron 1988; Abraham 1990) in that it suggests a breakdown across many aspects of internal labor markets, even for permanent employees. Nor do these more market-mediated arrangements correspond to the “core-periphery” model, which is thought to enhance protection from the market for at least some employees. What they might entail for employees, employers, and society is considered here along with evidence of the change.
Llandovery (early Silurian) crinoids from Hiiumaa Island, western Estonia

Abstract. Rhuddanian crinoid faunas are poorly known globally, making this new fauna from the Hilliste Formation of western Estonian especially significant. The Hilliste fauna is the oldest Silurian fauna known from the Baltica paleocontinent, thus this is the first example of the crinoid recovery fauna after the Late Ordovician mass extinction. Hiiumaacrinus vinni n. gen. n. sp., Protaxocrinus estoniensis n. sp., Eomyelodactylus sp., calceocrinids, and five holdfast types are reported here. Although the fauna has relatively few taxa, it is among the most diverse Rhuddanian faunas known. Similar to other Rhuddanian crinoid faunas elsewhere, the Hilliste crinoid fauna contains crinoids belonging the Dimerocrinitidae, Taxocrinidae, Calceocrinidae, and Myelodactylidae; most elements of the new fauna are quite small, perhaps indicative of the Lilliput Effect.
Homicide as a Sociological Transaction: The Use of Victim Precipitation at a Criminal Trial

This research examines the role of the sociologist as an expert in cases of homicide. The authors argue that sociological knowledge can be particularly important at trial by presenting an interpretation of the social context of a crime. This point is illustrated by describing several case studies of homicides and by using theories and models supporting victim precipitation as a explanation of the crime. Three interacting constructs of victim precipitation are described in which to frame a homicide: 1) the behavior of the victim as it encouraged the specific offender/victim interaction; 2) the level of deviant or criminal behavior in which the victim was engaged; and 3) the level of risk in the lifestyle of the victim.
Outcomes Analysis of Patients Surviving ≥2 Years after Myeloablative Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (AHSCT).

We have previously demonstrated the value of evaluating patients with NHL undergoing autologous HSCT at 2 years post-transplant; high grade lymphoma patients in CCR 2 years post-transplant are cured, whereas patients with intermediate and low grade histologies are at ongoing risk of relapse. We elected to perform a similar analysis of AHSCT patients. We retrospectively reviewed 161 consecutive AHSCT recipients who had a minimum of 2 years follow-up and who were alive 2 years post AHSCT. Patients received their transplants from 7/1988 to 7/2002. Median age was 36 years; 75% had myeloid malignancies and 25% lymphoid; AML was the most common diagnosis (39%) followed by CML (29%), ALL (14%), NHL (10%), MDS (6%), and myeloma (2%). 98% received bone marrow alone as the hematopoietic stem cell source; 98% received a busulfan/cyclophosphamide-based preparative regimen. 129 (80%) had a matched related donor. Of those patients alive 2 years post AHSCT, 31 patients (19%) have subsequently died, with a median follow up of 6 years. Relapse was the cause of death in 29%; GVHD in 35%; secondary malignancy in 7%; infections in 16%. Patients with myeloid malignancies faired better than those transplanted with lymphoid malignancies, as shown below; (p= 0.04) When we analyzed the pts who developed their first episode of any chronic GVHD or extensive chronic GVHD there were no significant differences between lymphoid and myeloid malignacy patients. Patients receiving a matched sibling donor transplant did not have a plateau in their survival curve, and it continued to inexorably decline. Patients receiving a matched unrelated donor transplant did have a plateau of their survival curve if patients survived at least 3 years (p=0.03). We conclude that the significant majority of patients alive after AHSCT do well with extended follow-up. The graft vs. tumor effect appears to be more robust in myeloid malignancies as compared to lymphoid malignancies. Although most of these patients do well with extended follow-up, the lack of a plateau in the survival curve for patients receiving a matched sibling donor allogeneic BMT warrants additional study.
GIS and Coastal Vulnerability to Climate Change

GIS is a powerful tool that allows us to better understand the consequences of climate change by overlaying exposure and socio-demographic data, allowing areas that are particularly vulnerable to be identified. In this chapter, we review the literature on climate change vulnerability assessments and discuss critical decisions that must be made in assessment construction. To ensure vulnerability assessments are both replicable and valid, it is important to clearly describe how, and why, assessments are constructed. When constructing assessments, researchers should consider both the objectives and audience of the assessment, as well as how potential sources of error may influence the assessment’s outcome.
Unmassked: Single-Cell Profiling of Immune Cell Populations in Tumors

Extensive preclinical and clinical data accumulated over the last few decades have documented that host immunity can play paradoxical roles in both promoting tumor outgrowth and in promoting tumor control and sculpting the immunogenicity of tumors. T cells and, more specifically, CD8 T cells are considered to be essential for tumor killing, whereas the composition of the innate immune compartment serves to dictate T cell infiltration (secretion of chemokines), activation, phenotype, and functional capacity.
Helping Kids Turn Out Queer: Queer Theory in Art Education

This article explores the possibilities of queer theory in art education, and I playfully, perhaps provocatively, ask how art education can help kids turn out queer. Moving away from both victim narratives of queer subjects and the attention on gay artists, who often are the focus of scholarship in art education, I contemplate the ways in which art education researchers address queerness and how those forms of address impact the relations that are (im)possible within the educational dynamic. I ask, “In what ways has queer been addressed in art education research, and how can other scholars push forward with such work to continue queer projects?” I observe a need to challenge fears around queer topics and contemplate how queerness, embedded in theory and practice, disputes and disrupts art education research.
A risk management model for research on expatriates in hostile work environments

AbstractAlthough much has been written about the causes of expatriate adjustment, more research is needed on managing the fear and anxiety experienced when expatriates work in hostile environments. The perceived risks of terrorism, kidnapping, crime, and civil unrest can have negative effects on the performance of expatriates and the organizations that employ them. While research has begun to examine expatriates’ stress in hostile environments, there is comparatively little research on the effectiveness of management practices that can reduce such stress. We integrate the expatriate adjustment, psychological contract, and risk management literature to develop a model that can guide efforts to reduce environmental stress and its negative effect on expatriate adjustment. Specifically, we build on recent work by Bader and colleagues to develop propositions to guide future research with the aim of improving the conditions of expatriates working in hostile environments.
Intrathecal Therapeutics: Device Design, Access Methods, and Complication Mitigation.

Introduction The intrathecal space remains underutilized for diagnostic testing, invasive monitoring or as a pipeline for the delivery of neurological therapeutic agents and devices. The latter including drug infusions, implants for electrical modulation, and a means for maintaining the physiologic pressure column. The reasons for this are many but include unfamiliarity with the central nervous system and the historical risks that continue to overshadow the low complication rates in modern clinical series. Materials and Methods Our intent in this review is to explore the access devices currently on the market, assess the risk associated with breaching the intrathecal space, and propose a research model for bringing to patients the next generation of intrathecal hardware. For this purpose, we reviewed both historical and contemporary literature that pertains to the access devices and catheters intended for both temporary and permanent implantation and the complications thereof. Results There are few devices that are currently marketed in the United States or Europe for intrathecal use. Most hew to a relatively fixed design pattern predicated on the dimensions and properties of the thecal sac. All are typically composed of soft silicone, and employ a Tuohy needle for access despite design limitations. In general, these catheters are engineered for durability, ease of use, and regional deployment. Devices on the market with steerability or targeted intrathecal fixation are not yet available. Complications, once a legitimate concern, are now quite rare when recommended techniques are followed. Conclusions Over the next decade, advances in intrathecal catheter design, access techniques, imaging, and greater understanding of the spinal cord neurophysiology will usher in an era where the intrathecal space is recognized as a highly valued diagnostic and therapeutic target. We anticipate that this will occur in several concurrent phases, each with the potential to accelerate the growth of the others.
Abstract 264: Oral Activated Charcoal Adsorbent (AST-120) Inhibition of Chronic Kidney Disease-induced Atherosclerosis Involves Modulation of Intestinal Immunity

Introduction and Aims: Although patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at the highest risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD), current interventions (e.g. statins) that are consistently effective in other high-risk groups have been found to be insufficiently effective in CKD. Serum levels of uremic toxins including indoxyl sulphate have been implicated in cardiovascular mortality. The oral charcoal absorbent AST-120 reduces serum levels of indoxyl sulphate through adsorption of indole converted from dietary tryptophan in the gastrointestinal tract. Previously, we reported the inhibitory effects of AST-120 on progression of atherosclerosis in apoE-deficient hyperlipidemic mice. Because gut immunity can affect systemic inflammatory responses and atherogenesis, we hypothesized that the AST-120-mediated benefits in CKD-acceleration of atherosclerosis involve modulation of intestinal immune cells. Methods: Eleven week old apoE-deficient mice underwent a reduction in renal mass through subtotal nephrectomy (sNx, n=34) or sham-operation (S, n=14). Two weeks later, each of the 2 groups was further divided into AST-120-treated or untreated mice. Six weeks later, we used flow cytometry and real time PCR to examine the population of immune cells in intestinal Peyer’s patches and mesenteric lymph nodes. Results: AST-120 had no significant effect on cellular populations of Peyer’s patch or mesenteric lymph nodes in mice with intact kidneys. Interestingly, however, in sNX mice treatment with AST-120 significantly decreased numbers of Peyer’s patch cytotoxic T cells (-19.6%; P=0.008), CD8 + central memory T cells (-33.9%; P=0.014), and CD8 + naive T cells (-42.6%; P=0.004) compared to controls. In mesenteric lymph nodes of sNX animals, AST-120 did not affect CD4 + T helper cell number, but reduced early activated CD4 + T cells (-13.1%; P=0.04). Cytokine expression in mesenteric lymph nodes of AST-treated sNX mice showed increases in TGF-β (+47.2%; P=0.022) and IL-10 (+36.5%). Conclusions: The mechanism underlying the ability of oral activated charcoal adsorbent AST-120 to inhibit the acceleration of atherosclerosis in the setting of CKD may involve modulation of immune cells in the gut mucosa.
Water disinfection using zinc phosphide nanowires under visible light conditions

Abstract Common methods of bacteria disinfection after water treatment include chlorination and ultraviolet irradiation. Although very effective, those methods require continual investment of energy or materials. Previous studies have shown that photocatalysis can enhance water disinfection. This study addressed the potential use of zinc phosphide nanowires to promote water disinfection under visible light conditions as a potentially economical alternative. Disinfection studies were conducted using boron nitride decorated zinc phosphide nanowires, unfunctionalized zinc phosphide nanowires, 1,4-benzenedithiol functionalized zinc phosphide nanowires, and bare zinc foil. Bioreactors inoculated with Escherichia coli isolates were exposed to the photocatalysts under visible light. E. coli was enumerated at five-min intervals during the disinfection period. At least a 5-log reduction in microbial load was achieved for all materials, with the unfunctionalized zinc phosphide nanowires consistently producing the highest log reduction. For each material, more than a 4-log reduction was observed after only 5 min of exposure. Minimal photoreactivation or dark repair (less than a 1.48-log increase) was observed. Disinfection efficacy did not differ significantly (p
Toward more robust plant-soil feedback research

Understanding if and how plant-soil biota feedbacks (PSFs) shape plant communities has become a major research priority. In this paper, we draw on a recent, high-profile PSF study to illustrate that certain widely used experimental methods cannot reliably determine if PSFs occur. One problem involves gathering soil samples adjacent to multiple conditioning plants, mixing the samples and then growing phytometers in the mixtures to test for PSFs. This mixed soil approach does not establish that the conditioning plant being present caused the soil biota to be present, the first step of a PSF. Also, soil mixing approximates replacing raw data with averages prior to analysis, a move certain to generate falsely precise statistical estimates. False precision also results from sample sizes being artificially inflated when phytometers are misinterpreted as experimental units. Plant biomass ratios become another source of false precision when individual plant values contribute to multiple ratio observations. Any one of these common missteps can cause still living null hypotheses to be pronounced dead, and risks of this increase with numbers of missteps. If soil organisms truly structure plant communities, then null hypotheses indicating otherwise will not survive proper testing. We discuss conceptual, experimental and analytical refinements to facilitate accurate testing.
Energy management and load shaping for commercial microgrids coupled with flexible building environment control

Abstract This paper explores the load shaping ability of microgrid power systems coupled with flexible operation of HVAC systems for commercial customers. In the proposed framework, this integrated system is treated as a dispatchable power source/sink in order to mitigate the uncertainty and variability imposed on the external utility company. The load shaping required is enabled by the natural flexibility in space heating and cooling, along with dispatchable microgrid resources such as batteries. A hierarchical control approach is formulated for the scheduling and supervisory control of the flexible loads and dispatchable energy units within the microgrid. Stochastic optimization is used for scheduling at the slow time scale to ensure forecasting errors in renewable availability and energy demands can be rejected. Deterministic optimization is used at the fast time scale to update dispatch decisions in response to realized conditions. A case study demonstrates that this proposed control approach is able to substantially reduce the uncertainty and variability in energy exchange with the external utility across a variety of commercial load types and in different seasons.
Native tau structure is disrupted by disease-associated mutations that promote aggregation

Tauopathies are neurodegenerative diseases characterized by intracellular amyloid deposits of tau protein. Missense mutations in MAPT cause dominantly inherited tauopathies, but a biophysical mechanism driving its amyloid formation is poorly understood. Many disease-associated mutations localize within tau9s repeat domain at inter-repeat interfaces proximal to amyloidogenic sequences, such as 306 VQIVYK 311 . Using crosslink mass spectrometry, intramolecular FRET, in vitro peptide systems, simulations, and cell models, we provide evidence that the aggregation prone 306 VQIVYK 311 motif forms metastable compact structures with upstream sequences, which modulates aggregation propensity. Disease-associated mutations, isomerization of critical prolines, or alternative splicing are all sufficient to destabilize local structure and trigger spontaneous aggregation. These local structural rearrangements provide a biophysical framework supporting a model in which perturbations initiate early events in sporadic and genetic tau pathogenesis.
Accounting and Auditing as Mechanism of Corporate Governance: Review of Literature

The corporate governance and its relationship with corporate board and audit committee have been under scrutiny in this review of literature. As research studies in this area are abundant, after a thorough investigation of a number of studies, twelve studies were selected for the analysis, which were published in or after 2003. However, from these studies only the issues related to corporate board and audit committee were picked. The discussions are focused on the implications of the findings of these studies. While identifying the relationship between corporate governance, corporate board, and audit committee, a number of future study opportunities have been pointed out as well.
Autism spectrum disorders: A lifespan perspective

Publisher Summary The purpose of this chapter is to highlight the importance of the lifespan approach to autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) and to provide a review of problems and supports provided at critical times in the lifespan. Many psychological theories, referred to as lifespan theories, acknowledge that people continue to grow and change throughout their lives as they are faced with new tasks, challenges, and opportunities. Following further lifespan theories, a review of outcomes evidence and exploration of commonly encountered concerns and successes in key developmental periods are presented. A developmental lifespan approach is predicated on the notion that individual development follows a trajectory over the course of the lifespan and that various factors can impact that trajectory and the subsequent life outcomes experienced by the individual. Since early childhood has been the subject of so many comprehensive reviews and texts, this chapter focuses on critical developmental periods that have been examined less frequently: adolescence, young adulthood, and adulthood. Adolescence is marked by various other changes in psychosocial development, access to community activities and the related safety issues that can accompany those activities, and changing educational structure associated with the transition to middle and high school. Several research areas need to continue to be developed to ensure an adequate understanding of ASDs across the entire lifespan.
ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA ASSOCIATED LEUKOCYTIC HYPOPHYSITIS PRESENTING WITH CENTRAL DIABETES INSIPIDUS

ABSTRACT Objective: Central diabetes insipidus is a rare complication of acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome. To date there are fewer than 100 cases reported in the literature, and no published case reports in the endocrinology literature. We report a case of myelodysplastic syndrome transformed to secondary acute myeloid leukemia that was complicated by central diabetes insipidus. Methods: We detail the course of a 65-year-old female who presented with central diabetes insipidus in the setting of acute myeloid leukemia. Results: The patient's central diabetes insipidus was successfully controlled with desmopressin. As her disease was treated, her central diabetes insipidus resolved. Conclusion: This case highlights an important association between acute myeloid leukemia, myelodysplastic syndrome, and central diabetes insipidus. To our knowledge, this is the first published case in the endocrinology literature of central diabetes insipidus secondary to acute myeloid leukemia.
Enforcing Culture: Criminally Based Compliance

Many large organizations have adopted a narrow, legalistic, and what some call “criminally-based” approach toward misconduct and culture. The roots of this strategy evolve from the compliance function within firms, which include education and training, monitoring and surveillance, and enforcement. When misconduct is discovered the first reaction is to deal with the employee swiftly, often ending in termination. As a result, many firms fail to learn about the root causes of an employee’s bad behavior, and the influences that might have contributed to the misconduct. Increasing surveillance of employees can also prove counterproductive and diminish trust across the firm. An overview is also given of cultural programs and initiatives that try to go beyond such approaches, which include executive-led training sessions and employee surveys.
The Most Available Energy Source: The Sun

Our sun presents us with another form of energy, in addition to those originating on earth—namely, sunlight. Daylight is radiation which reaches us from the sun. Moonlight consists of light which travels from the sun to the moon and is reflected back to us on earth (Figure 9.1).
Service Blueprinting: A Method for Assessing Library Technologies within an Interconnected Service Ecosystem

Service blueprinting is a method for designing, assessing, and improving services. This article provides a practical overview of the service blueprinting process for library technology services. We...
Accreditation for the Ambulatory Surgery Center

Accreditation is an activity in which organizations participate to establish an image of quality and follow published standards for conducting the business of medicine and surgery. The process leads organizations through standards for healthcare delivery, facility requirements, and patient rights. It will also provide guidance for creating programs for quality improvement, infection control and risk management. Lastly, it sets standards for the personnel working at a healthcare facility which ensure that they are properly educated, trained, and vetted to do their jobs. Depending on the services offered, different standards will apply, but all vendors of accreditation have a basic set that applies to all facilities. Often, accreditation may be a necessary to even conduct business in the facility’s local legal environment. There are many different commercial vendors of accreditation and Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services provides the US federal government’s source of accreditation necessary to bill patients on Medicare and Medicaid.
Comportamento dos Equinos do Centro de Equoterapia do Instituto Federal Goiano - Campus Ceres

The objective of this study was to evaluate the behavior and welfare of horses used in Equotherapy Center of the IF Goiano Campus Ceres. Evaluations were made between March and August of 2018 regarding temperament, health status and normal and stereotyped behaviors expressed before, during and after the equotherapeutic sessions, sessions (morning and afternoon) and individual differences of each animal. There was no difference for temperament, weekly service time, animal age and physical condition (p > 0.05). The evaluated animals showed adequate temperament to horses used for the equotherapeutic purpose. Cardiac and respiratory rates were higher before the sessions. However, respiratory rates remained high up to 15 minutes after the sessions (p < 0.05). The distracted behavior was more observed (63%) in the animals before and after the sessions. Already the alert behavior (36%) occurred more frequently during the sessions (p < 0.05). Health indicators, body condition and evaluated behavioral parameters were in agreement with those expected for the species showing that the animals of the Equotherapy Center of the IF Goiano Campus Ceres have an adequate welfare.
Psychosocial Effects of Work-Related Social-Skills Training Among Adolescents With Substance Use Disorders (SUD): A Pilot Study

Date Presented 04/05/19 The transition period from education to employment is a difficult period that is further complicated by a diagnosis of SUD. While adolescent choices may have a major impact on employment attainment and sustainability, preliminary results show that implementation of a manualized soft skills training program among adolescents with SUD shows promise in improving self-efficacy, which is a primary driver of career-related confidence, goal persistence, and decision-making. Primary Author and Speaker: Hailey Grigas Additional Authors and Speakers: Adeline Warren, Cailyn Zornes Contributing Authors: Annemarie Connor
A New Appendicostomy Technique to Prevent Stomal Stenosis

Purpose:Stomal stenosis has been reported to occur in 12% to 45% of patients following Malone antegrade continence enema and Mitrofanoff appendicostomy. The standard stoma technique entails excisio...
Prevalence and temporal patterns of persistence of symptoms in 165 rectal cancer patients receiving preoperative chemoradiation therapy

19580 Background: The symptom burden during preoperative chemoradiation therapy for rectal cancer (CRT) has not been objectively characterized previously. The severity and temporal patterns of pati...
6 – Cloud Microphysics

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on cloud microphysics studies. The chapter discusses the nucleation of cloud droplets from water vapor and the particles in the air. It focuses on the microstructures of warm clouds and the mechanisms by which cloud droplets grow to form raindrops. The chapter deals with ice particles in clouds and describes the various ways in which ice particles form and grow into solid precipitation particles. It discusses the artificial modification of clouds and attempts to deliberately modify precipitation. It also discusses cloud microphysical processes that are thought to be responsible for the electrification of thunderstorms. The chapter ends with the discussion on chemical processes within and around clouds, which play important roles in atmospheric chemistry, including the formation of acid rain.
Depression and loneliness during COVID-19 restrictions in the United States, and their associations with frequency of social and sexual

ABSTRACT Purpose To estimate the prevalence of depression and loneliness during the US COVID-19 response, and examine their associations with frequency of social and sexual connections. Methods We conducted an online cross-sectional survey of a nationally representative sample of American adults (n=1010), aged 18-94, running from April 10-20, 2020. We assessed depressive symptoms (CES-D-10 scale), loneliness (UCLA 3-Item Loneliness scale), and frequency of in-person and remote social connections (4 items, e.g. hugging family member, video chats) and sexual connections (4 items, e.g. partnered sexual activity, dating app use). Results One-third of participants (32%) reported depressive symptoms, and loneliness was high [mean (SD): 4.4 (1.7)]. Those with depressive symptoms were more likely to be women, age 20-29, unmarried, and low-income. Frequent in-person connections were associated with lower depression and loneliness; frequent remote connections were not. Conclusions Depression and loneliness were elevated during the early US COVID-19 response. Those who maintained frequent in-person, but not remote, social and sexual connections had better mental health outcomes. While COVID-19 social restrictions remain necessary, it will be critical to expand mental health services to serve those most at-risk and identify effective ways of maintaining social and sexual connections from a distance.
Diagnostic Yield of Echocardiography in Children with Newly Diagnosed Ventricular Pre-Excitation

Purpose: Ventricular pre-excitation (VPE) on electrocardiography (EKG) is common. The use of echocardiography (ECHO) in children with VPE is unknown. The purpose is to determine the rate of clinically significant ECHO findings in children diagnosed with VPE. Methods: A retrospective review of patients age 3-18 years with VPE from 2008-2018 was performed. Clinical and ECHO data …
Cyber-security of centralized, decentralized, and distributed control-detector architectures for nonlinear processes

Abstract Decentralized and distributed control systems provide an efficient solution to many challenges of controlling large-scale industrial processes. With the expansion in communication networks, vulnerability to cyber intrusions also increases. This work investigates the effect of different types of standard cyber-attacks on the operation of nonlinear processes under centralized, decentralized, and distributed model predictive control (MPC) systems. The robustness of the decentralized control architecture over distributed and centralized control architectures is analyzed. Moreover, a machine-learning-based detector is trained using sensor data to monitor the cyber security of the overall system. Specifically, detectors built using feed-forward neural networks are used to detect the presence of an attack or identify the subsystem being attacked. A nonlinear chemical process example is simulated to demonstrate the robustness of decentralized control architectures and the effectiveness of the neural-network detection scheme in maintaining the closed-loop stability of the system.
Bridging Anxiety and Depression: A Network Approach in Anxious Adolescents.

Abstract Background The phenomenology and neurobiology of depressive symptoms in anxious youth is poorly understood. Methods Association networks of anxiety and depressive symptoms were developed in adolescents with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD; N=52, mean age: 15.4±1.6 years) who had not yet developed major depressive disorder. Community analyses were used to create consensus clusters of depressive and anxiety symptoms and to identify “bridge” symptoms between the clusters. In a subset of this sample (n=39), correlations between cortical thickness and depressive symptom severity was examined. Results Ten symptoms clustered into an anxious community, 5 clustered into a depressive community and 5 bridged the two communities: impaired schoolwork, excessive weeping, low self-esteem, disturbed appetite, and physical symptoms of depression. Patients with more depressive cluster burden had altered cortical thickness in prefrontal, inferior and medial parietal (e.g., precuneus, supramarginal) regions and had decreases in cortical thickness-age relationships in prefrontal, temporal and parietal cortices. Limitations Data are cross-sectional and observational. Limited sample size precluded secondary analysis of comorbidities and demographics. Conclusions In youth with GAD, a sub-set of symptoms not directly related to anxiety bridge anxiety and depression. Youth with greater depressive cluster burden had altered cortical thickness in cortical structures within the default mode and central executive networks. These alternations in cortical thickness may represent a distinct neurostructural fingerprint in anxious youth with early depressive symptoms. Finally, youth with GAD and high depressive symptoms had reduced age-cortical thickness correlations. The emergence of depressive symptoms in early GAD and cortical development may have bidirectional, neurobiological relationships.
Matrix Trays: From waste to opportunities

Abstract Matrix Trays are single-use plastic carriers used to transport integrated chips and circuit board components during automated test and assembly processes for Printed Circuit Boards. These trays represent a significant yet consistent waste stream; primarily in the electronics industry and many other industries that integrate microchips into their products especially the automotive industry. By the end of 2017, the National Sword Policy which was implemented by China on plastic waste import from other countries and especially the United States catalyzed a huge crisis and forced manufacturers and companies to deal with their own plastic waste streams. This study presents two alternative approaches of reusing trays to the reduced conventional recycling practices which have caused used trays to remain in storage or be deposited in landfills. Approaches including a students’ design competition and a proof of concept case study for an autonomous shading device are presented. The shading device was designed, tested and validated. Trays were transformed from waste into 13 possible products showing that a circular economy and industrial symbiosis can be achieved by integrating multidisciplinary reuse approaches for by-product reuse and sustainable industry practices. Environmental and economic impacts were evaluated comparing reuse to recycling, combustion and landfilling. The results showed that reusing trays reduces energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions.
Functional altruism among agreeable and narcissistic donors: Evidence from crowdsourced fundraisers

Given the increasing popularity of crowdsourced fundraisers, understanding how characteristics of funding initiatives and donors influence donations has critical real-world implications. Across two studies, we identified potential situational factors most conducive to successful crowdsourcing while also determining whether individual differences in various personality factors predicted differing levels of donation. Participants in Study 1 (MAge = 19.99; 309 women, 75 men) viewed descriptions that manipulated donation type (organizer donation, anonymous donation, no donation) and type of fundraiser (self-organized, other-organized), and reported their willingness to donate to an individual’s medical treatment and completed inventories assessing Big Five personality traits. In Study 2 participants (MAge = 20.22; 322 women, 102 men) viewed vignettes describing fundraisers for an individual’s vacation fun and completed inventories assessing participantslevels of narcissism using the Pathological Narcissism Inventory. Higher agreeableness in men predicted heightened donation interest, regardless of type of cause, particularly when someone else has already donated (Study 1). Unexpectedly, narcissistic men and women both reported heightened donation interest (Study 2). We frame these findings through a framework assessing the adaptive utility of altruism as a function of personality in modern donation contexts.
Bilateral temporal lobe epilepsy: How many seizures are required in chronic ambulatory electrocorticography to estimate the laterality ratio?

OBJECTIVE This study was undertaken to measure the duration of chronic electrocorticography (ECoG) needed to attain stable estimates of the seizure laterality ratio in patients with drug-resistant bilateral temporal lobe epilepsy (BTLE). METHODS We studied 13 patients with drug-resistant BTLE who were implanted for at least 1 year with a responsive neurostimulation device (RNS System) that provides chronic ambulatory ECoG. Bootstrap analysis and nonlinear regression were applied to model the relationship between chronic ECoG duration and the probability of capturing at least one seizure. Laterality of electrographic seizures in chronic ECoG was compared with the seizure laterality ratio from Phase 1 scalp video-electroencephalographic (vEEG) monitoring. The Kaplan-Meier estimator was used to evaluate time to seizure laterality ratio convergence. RESULTS Seizure laterality ratios from Phase 1 scalp vEEG monitoring correlated poorly with those from RNS chronic ECoG (r = .31, p = .30). Across the 13 patients, average electrographic seizure frequencies ranged from 1.4 seizures/month to 5.1 seizures/day. A 50% probability of recording at least one electrographic seizure required 9.1 days of chronic ECoG, and 90% probability required 44.3 days of chronic ECoG. A median recording duration of 150.9 days (5 months), corresponding to a median of 16 seizures, was needed before confidence intervals for the seizure laterality ratio reliably contained the long-term value. The median recording duration before the point estimate of the seizure laterality ratio converged to a stationary value was 236.8 days (7.9 months). SIGNIFICANCE RNS chronic ECoG overcomes temporal sampling limitations intrinsic to inpatient Phase 1 vEEG evaluations. In patients with drug-resistant BTLE, approximately 8 months of chronic RNS ECoG are needed to precisely estimate the seizure laterality ratio, with 75% of people with BTLE achieving convergence after 1 year of RNS recording. For individuals who are candidates for unilateral resection based on seizure laterality, optimized recording duration may help avert morbidity associated with delay to definitive treatment.
Coupling Constant Correlations

The coupling constant seems to have been neglected somewhat in analytical work, partly because it is less useful than the chemical shift but partly because comprehensive correlations have not been available. It is hoped that this chapter will correct the latter deficiency, and will encourage the routine use of the coupling constant.