cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive profiling of small RNAs in cervical cancer

C59 Cervical cancer, the second most common cancer amongst women worldwide, is frequently associated with specific human papillomavirus (HPV) infections. Despite this association, only a small proportion of HPV-infected women develop cervical cancer. These clinical and epidemiological observations have led to a search for genetic and/or epigenetic processes (in the virus and/or host) that interact with HPV infection in tumor development. We have previously identified a set of microRNAs (miRNAs) with differential expression in cervical cancer cells and a number of other small RNAs which so far appear specific to cervical cancer cells. To further evaluate the significance of these findings, we are determining and comparing small RNA expression profiles in an extensive set of matched cervical cancer and normal cervical samples using ultra high throughput sequencing technology and other approaches. We anticipate that the comprehensive small RNA profiles and functional assays for their significance will provide (1) insight into the roles of miRNAs in cervical cancer development, and (2) critical tests for the potential value of miRNA profiles as contributory diagnostic/prognostic markers for this tumor type.
A formação do educador no contexto do hibridismo tecnológico digital: o processo de autonomia

Este artigo apresenta reflexoes decorrentes de processos de formacao de educadores desenvolvidos por meio da construcao de metaversos, no contexto do hibridismo tecnologico digital. Nosso objetivo consiste em refletir sobre o processo de autonomia, por meio de diferentes pesquisas por nos realizadas. Essas investigacoes, de carater qualitativo, foram realizadas em universidades, por meio da metodologia de estudo de caso. Como fundamentacao teorica optamos pelo arcabouco da biologia do conhecer, que contribui para a compreensao dos seres vivos (seres humanos) enquanto seres autonomos e autopoieticos e nos permite ampliar esses conceitos, assim como avancar na compreensao das tecnologias digitais (TD) enquanto espacos digitais virtuais para a convivencia, ou seja, para a constituicao de redes sociais. O desenvolvimento dessas investigacoes ocorreu no viver e no conviver de educadores em formacao, por meio de redes de interacoes, nas quais foi possivel evidenciar tres momentos: autonomia individual, autopoiese e autonomia social. Constatamos que esses tres momentos estao relacionados de maneira complexa, e nao hierarquica ou linear. A autonomia individual, a autopoiese e a autonomia social sao desenvolvidas de acordo com as particularidades do grupo de pessoas que interagem, as perturbacoes em questao e o desenvolvimento ontogenico dos seres humanos.
Facile synthesis of electrocatalytically active NbS2 nanoflakes for an enhanced hydrogen evolution reaction (HER)

We report a simple ambient pressure annealing technique for the synthesis of ultrathin niobium disulfide (NbS2) nanoflakes. The structure, morphology and composition of the as-synthesized NbS2 flakes are well characterized using various microscopic and spectroscopic techniques. The synthesized two-dimensional layered NbS2 is in stoichiometric proportion, and has a single crystal 3R-NbS2 polymorph structure with semiconducting behavior and has abundant catalytic defect sites. In this paper, the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity of the NbS2 nanoflakes/rGO composite having dense exposed basal planes with improved conductivity is explored, and it is found to be a good HER catalyst in terms of low onset potential, low Tafel slope and high exchange current density.
Bad Lawyers in the Movies

A survey of about 300 films involving significant lawyer roles reveals that from 1930 to 1970, more than two-third of the lawyers were good human beings and competent, ethical professionals. Since 1970, however, just the reverse is true: about two-thirds of the lawyers in film have been bad human beings and/or bad professionals. This article links the phenomenon of negative lawyer portrayals in film with the sharply declining public perception of the ethics of lawyers. The films accurately reflect the stunning drop in the public's image of the profession. The article speculates on the causes for this abrupt decline and suggests that negative film portrayals may be cause as well as effect. It draws on insights from cognitive psychology (the cultivation effect) to establish that the public may be learning that lawyers are bad from watching them in the movies.
Workers and the Right Wing: the Situation in India

Why and how does a right-wing social movement mobilize workers along class lines? The Bharatiya Mazdoor Sangh (BMS), the labor wing of the Hindu nationalist movement in India, marshals working-class support by emphasizing workers’ class positions and identities . Following Gramsci, I argue that the BMS represents the Hindu right's recognition of workers’ class power and is thus key to the Hindu Right's efforts to incorporate workers into hegemonic capitalist social relations. The form that right-wing activity takes depends on the histories of working-class mobilization and the class power of workers. Thus, right-wing actors do not exclusively dictate the terms of the engagement with workers, but workers also exercise agency in shaping and contesting this interaction.
Lindbergh and the biological sciences (a personal reminiscence).

Abstract In 1929 Charles Lindbergh became interested in the development of a heart-bypass pump to enable open-heart surgery, and was introduced to Alexis Carrel. Carrel persuaded Lindbergh to work instead on a perfusion system for the culture of whole organs outside the body, and by 1934—when I met Lindbergh in Copenhagen—he already had developed a pump with floating glass valves that allowed precise regulation of perfusion pressure and rate. I joined Lindbergh and Carrel at the Rockefeller Institute to work on organ culture, using the pump. My subsequent contact with Lindbergh came at Columbia, where I experimented with hemocyanin as a blood substitute, and (much later) at Huntington Medical Research Institutes, where I found his pump useful in the study of cholesterol uptake by arteries. (Texas Heart Institute Journal 1987; 14:231-237)
Hemodialysis: Initiation and complications

A 60-year-old man with Stage V chronic kidney disease due to biopsy-proven diabetic and hypertensive nephropathy presents to clinic for a routine visit. His estimated glomerular filtration rate is 10 ml/min/1.73 m2 and his blood pressure is 145/80 mmHg. Laboratory studies demonstrate potassium 4.9 mEq/L, total CO2 19 mEq/L, phosphorus 5.0 mg/dL, and hemoglobin 10.5 g/dL. He feels well without weight loss, anorexia, or nausea. He is reluctant to have an arteriovenous fistula placed, and he does not wish to initiate hemodialysis. The patient desires to know the optimal time to initiate dialysis. If he requires dialysis initiation through a tunneled dialysis catheter, what measures can be taken to reduce his risk for catheter infection?
Recent Developments and Comments

In this concluding chapter we shall attempt to give a brief account of several topics concerning charge-density waves in quasi-one-dimensional conductors that have not been discussed in the preceding chapters, make some comments on some of the controversial points that have been raised, and indicate directions for future research. In spite of the large amount of experimental and theoretical work that has been done during the past few years, there is no general agreement on a number of basic questions. These include the nature of the phase transitions, the importance of Coulomb interactions between electrons, explanations for physical properties, including the temperature dependence of the magnetic susceptibility, infrared optical properties, electron and nuclear spin resonance, specific heats, and perhaps, most important, the role of collective excitations in transport.
Men Are Dogs (and Women Too)

One of the primary differences between humans and other animals is our capacity for high level cognition and the use of language. Historically, AI has understandably focused on duplicating these aspects of human behavior, and selected its architectures accordingly. However, humans are nevertheless social mammals and share a large part of the mammalian behavior repertoire, such as fight, flight, and feed, as well as social behaviors, such as attachment, affiliation, territoriality, and the formation of dominance hierarchies. In this paper, I will argue that for all our unique capabilities, the mammalian behavior hardware (whatever it may be) is still active in humans, and that for applications such as virtual characters for interactive drama, we should begin from architectures based on our commonalities with other social mammals, rather than from our unique capabilities.
Characterising mobile-enhanced cognitive abilities: implications for accounting jobs

The purpose of this research paper is to characterise mobile-enhanced cognitive job requirements and analyse implications on accounting jobs for performance improvement and human resource management. This paper first develops a mobile cognitive task analysis (MCTA) model based on the human information processing theory, which identifies the cognitive abilities that can be enhanced by mobile devices when performing cognitive-intensive jobs. Second, these mobile cognitive abilities are decomposed into 52 measurable items and assessed by surveys. Data were collected for 50 cognitive-oriented jobs from 400 surveys with 368 valid surveys (92% of valid survey). Third, results from factor analysis indicate that there are nine dimensions of mobile-enhanced cognitive abilities. Fourth, the mobile-enhanced cognitive ability topographies on three accounting jobs (Accountant, Auditor, and Tax Accountant) were constructed based on the weighted factor score analysis, which indicate that the accounting jobs have different requirements on the derived mobile-enhanced cognitive ability intensities. Finally, theoretical and practical implications are also presented in this paper.
Smart Collaborating Hubs and a Smart Global Village - An Alternative Perspective on Smart Cities

Most of the prevalent smart city solutions that focus on large metropolitan areas are irrelevant to almost half of the world population that lives in rural areas, small towns, islands and isolated communities. This paper presents an alternate perspective that is based on Smart Collaborating Hubs and a Smart Global Village to serve smaller communities. These hubs provide inexpensive and highly specialized services in health, education, public safety, public welfare and other vital sectors for the underserved populations around the globe. An extensive computer aided methodology is presented that is being used to plan, engineer and manage the smart collaborating hubs for a United Nations Partnership. Key results and examples are used to illustrate the main points.
Designing bioinspired surfaces for water collection from fog

A systematic study is presented on various water collectors, bioinspired by desert beetles, desert grass and cacti. Three water collecting mechanisms including heterogeneous wettability, grooved surfaces, and Laplace pressure gradient, were investigated on flat, cylindrical, conical surfaces, and conical array. It is found that higher water repellency in flat surfaces results in higher water collection rate and inclination angle (with respect to the vertical axis) has little effect. Surfaces with heterogeneous wettability have higher water collection rate than surfaces with homogeneous wettability. Both cylindrical and conical surfaces resulted in comparable water collection rate. However, only the cone transported the water droplets to its base. Heterogeneity, higher inclination and grooves increased the water collection rate. A cone has a higher collection rate per unit area than a flat surface with the same wettability. An array of cones has higher collection rate per unit area than a single cone, because droplets in a conical array coalesce, leading to higher frequency of droplets falling. Adding heterogeneity further increases the difference. Based on the findings, scaled-up designs of beetle-, grass- and cactus-inspired surfaces and nets are presented. This article is part of the theme issue 'Bioinspired materials and surfaces for green science and technology'.
What Is the Accuracy of the Physical Exam in Intra-abdominal Emergencies? Does Administration of Pain Medication Alter the Accuracy of the Physical Examination?

Abdominal pain is one of the most frequent chief complaints encountered in the emergency department, and the physical examination is a key component in generating a differential diagnosis and treatment plan. Knowledge of the embryologic origins of the intra-abdominal organs and their innervation helps to narrow the differential diagnosis and focus laboratory and imaging studies. Non-specific or generalized abdominal pain presents a difficult diagnostic challenge and should be treated with a high index of suspicion. Pain medications should not be withheld as studies show they are safe and do not adversely affect physical exam findings.
A Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Two Lung Expansion Therapies After Upper Abdominal Surgery.

BACKGROUND: Lung expansion therapy is often ordered after surgery to improve alveolar ventilation and reduce risks of postoperative pulmonary complications. The impact of lung expansion therapy at altering ventilation in patients who are not intubated has not been described. The primary purpose of this study was to determine if there is a difference in dorsal redistribution of ventilation and incidences of postoperative pulmonary complications when comparing incentive spirometry (IS) with EzPAP lung expansion therapy after upper abdominal surgery. Our a priori null hypothesis was that there are no differences. METHODS: This randomized controlled trial enrolled adult human subjects after upper- abdominal surgery from January 2017 to November 2018. The subjects were allocated to receive IS or EzPAP 3 times a day on postoperative days 1–5. An electrical impedance tomography device was connected to the subjects for a single lung expansion therapy session on postoperative days 1, 3, and 5 to measure the change in post-lung expansion therapy dorsal end-expiratory lung impedance (ΔEELI%). Lung expansion therapy sessions with electrical impedance tomography included 2 min of normal breathing, 3 cycles of 10 breaths, and 2 min of normal breathing after cycle 3. Postoperative pulmonary complications were screened until hospital discharge. Mann-Whitney, chi-square, and Fisher exact tests were applied. Data were reported as count (n), percentage, and median (interquartile range) for primary and secondary outcomes. Alpha (2-tailed) was RESULTS: A total of 112 subjects were enrolled to receive IS (n = 56) or EzPAP (n = 56). Baseline characteristics were equal. Post-lung expansion therapy dorsal ΔEELI% increased for both groups, but the dorsal ΔEELI% for IS versus EzPAP on postoperative day 1 (16% versus 12%, P = .39), postoperative day 3 (6% versus 6%, P = .68), and postoperative day 5 (9% versus 6%, P = .46) was not significantly different. Hospital length of stay (4 d; P = .30) and incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications (3.6% versus 7.1%, P = .19) were similar. CONCLUSIONS: There was no significant post-lung expansion therapy dorsal ΔEELI% or postoperative pulmonary complications among the adults who received IS or EzPAP 3 times a day after upper abdominal surgery. (ClinicalTrials.gov registration NCT02892773.)
QCD and Top-Quark Results from the Tevatron

Selected recent QCD and top-quark results from the Tevatron are reviewed, aiming to illustrate progression from basic studies of QCD processes to verification of perturbative calculations and Monte Carlo simulation tools, and to their applications in more novel and complex cases, like top-quark studies and searches for new physics.
Degrees of Freedom Region of the (M, N 1 , N 2 ) MIMO Broadcast Channel with Partial CSIT: An Application of Sum-set Inequalities

The degrees of freedom (DoF) region is characterized for the 2-user multiple input multiple output (MIMO) broadcast channel (BC), where the transmitter is equipped with M antennas, the two receivers are equipped with N 1 and N 2 antennas, and the levels of channel state information at the transmitter (CSIT) for the two users are parameterized by β 1 , β 2 , respectively. The achievability of the DoF region was established by Hao, Rassouli and Clerckx, but no proof of optimality was heretofore available. The proof of optimality is provided in this work with the aid of sum-set inequalities based on the aligned image sets (AIS) approach.
Pitching and heaving motion of an unmanned catamaran vehicle in head seas

This study analyzes the hydrodynamic performance of an advanced multi-hull unmanned surface vehicle (USV) in head seas using CFD based modeling and simulation in support of system identification and development of a physics-based control system for USV operations in coastal waters. The main objectives of the study are to develop a general multiphase unsteady Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) tool, validate it through comparison of the results of simulations with experimental data of the vehicle and conduct a parametric analysis of the vehicle performance at different Froude numbers in head seas. The characteristics of the wave resistance, pitching and heaving motion, wave-hull interactions and free surface flow patterns around the hulls of the surface vehicle are also investigated.
Duplication of the pituitary gland and basilar artery, with multiple midline fusion defects and craniofacial anomalies.

Abstract Duplication of the pituitary gland (DPG) is a phenomenon with no clear syndromic association. This case adds to the literature as a DPG-plus syndrome patient with multiple fusion defects of unknown etiology, fetal risk factors of first trimester tobacco usage and intrauterine drug exposure. An 8-month old female presented with noisy breathing, poor feeding, cleft palate, seizures and failure to thrive. MRI scan revealed duplicate pituitary gland, tubomammillary fusion, absent cleavage of brainstem and superior cerebellar peduncles, and cervical spinal malformations. We performed an airway evaluation, with a glossomandibulopexy for glossoptosis, and a primary palate repair.
Formulating Support for Superpages to reduce the number of TLB Faults in Contiguous Virtual Memory Space

This is the era of Big Data. We are surrounded by the technologies which targets and aim at processing huge amount of data around us. RAM size has been increased to accommodate and process these huge data for better performance. But there is a bottle neck of TLB tables which cannot accommodate the resulting large set of page table entries PTE's. But this problem could be solved by using the large page size with a smaller number of TLB entries. These are called superpages. This project aims at implementing the algorithm with which the management of these superpages done efficiently so that RAM are fully and efficiently used for modern Large data computing.
What is extinction? Operational definition of the extinguished power for plane waves and collimated beams

Abstract We discuss an operational scheme for measuring the power extinguished by a single particle in terms of physical energy fluxes. Illumination by an infinite plane wave and a collimated Gaussian beam is considered. For the case of a collimated beam, consideration of extinguished power presents an apparent paradox, which is resolved in this paper. It is then shown that the extinguished power is measurable as a flow of energy for a narrow, collimated incident beam and a small scatterer. In this case, the extinguished power is simply removed from the transmitted beam. If we relax the above assumptions, definition of the extinguished power in terms of measurable energy fluxes is still possible but becomes more nuanced.
From South Africa to South Central L.A.: Transnational Black Protest, Celebrity, and the Cultural Boycott

Using Los Angeles as a case study, this essay explores transnational Black protest, celebrity, and the cultural boycott. Although cultural activism was a staple of anti-apartheid activity across th...
Benefitting from GIS within Adobe’s Creative Cloud

Abstract. In late 2016 Esri launched the application ArcGIS Maps for Adobe Creative Cloud as an extension for Adobe’s Photoshop and Illustrator creative cloud software packages. In 2020, this now established application has taken a major step forward with the latest 2.0 version which now has a direct link to Esri's desktop application ArcGIS Pro. This presentation will introduce the Adobe Creative Cloud extension, showing the simple three-step workflow and how one can access a rich library of authoritative GIS data as well as how the extension bridges the requirements of the GIS Analyst, the Cartographer, and the Designer. The presentation will also include an outline of the functionality differences available in the three possible user types Complimentary, Plus, and ArcGIS Online, as well as highlighting the new possibility to export data direct from the latest version of ArcGIS PRO via the exchange format .AIX into Adobe’s Illustrator. Please join me to experience this exciting new possibility of exposing valuable, accurate and authoritative GIS data to the world’s number one vector-graphics editing program.
Commentary regarding evolving applications of fluorescence guided surgery in pediatric surgical oncology: A practical guide for surgeons.

Abstract This is an invited commentary on the manuscript by Goldstein S, Heaton T, Bondoc A, et al., titled Evolving Applications of Fluorescence Guided Surgery in Pediatric Surgical Oncology: A Practical Guide for Surgeons.
Gratitude Increases Recipients’ Commitment Through Automatic Partner Evaluations, Yet Unreciprocated Gratitude Decreases Commitment Through Deliberative Evaluations:

Feelings of gratitude motivate intimates to maintain valuable relationships. However, it is unknown whether expressions of gratitude similarly increase recipients’ relationship commitment. Two expe...
Family History of Pulmonary Fibrosis Predicts Worse Survival in Patients With Interstitial Lung Disease

Background A number of genetic markers linked to familial pulmonary fibrosis predict differential survival in interstitial lung disease (ILD) patients. Although genetic testing is not performed routinely for ILD, family history commonly is obtained and may inform outcome risk. Research Question Does survival vary between patients with and without self-reported familial pulmonary fibrosis? Methods Family history was acquired systematically for consecutive ILD patients who consented to clinical registry enrollment at the University of Texas Southwestern and the University of California at Davis. Patients were stratified by idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and non-IPF ILD diagnosis and were substratified by presence or absence of familial pulmonary fibrosis, defined as one or more additional affected family members. Transplant-free survival was compared using multilevel, mixed-effects Cox proportional hazards regression. Results Of the 1,262 patients included, 534 (42%) had IPF ILD and 728 (58%) had non-IPF ILD. Of those with non-IPF ILD, 18.5% had connective tissue disease, 15.6% had chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis, and 23.5% had unclassifiable ILD. Familial pulmonary fibrosis was reported in 134 IPF ILD patients (25.1%) and 90 non-IPF ILD patients (12.4%). Those with familial IPF showed an 80% increased risk of death or transplantation compared with those with sporadic IPF (hazard ratio [HR], 1.8; 95% CI, 1.37-2.37; P Interpretation Patient-reported familial pulmonary fibrosis is predictive of reduced transplant-free survival in IPF and non-IPF ILD patients. Because survival among patients with familial non-IPF ILD approximates that of sporadic IPF ILD, early intervention should be considered for such patients. Until clinical genetic testing is widely available and provides actionable results, family history should be ascertained and considered in risk stratification.
The poker-chip experiments of Gent and Lindley (1959) explained

Abstract Despite being commonly credited with initiating the field of cavitation in elastomers, the famed poker-chip experiments of Gent and Lindley (1959) have yet to be fully explained. One likely reason for their elusiveness is that it had long been presumed that cavitation in elastomers was a phenomenon that could be explained solely on the basis of the elasticity of the elastomer at hand. Of late, full-field analyses and experiments carried out at high spatiotemporal resolution have impugned such a belief by indicating, instead, that cavitation in elastomers is first and foremost a fracture phenomenon. In that spirit, Kumar, Francfort, and Lopez-Pamies (2018) have introduced a comprehensive macroscopic phase-field theory for the nucleation and propagation of fracture in elastomers undergoing arbitrarily large quasistatic deformations. The purpose of this paper is to deploy this theory in order to explain in a detailed and quantitative manner the seminal poker-chip experiments of Gent and Lindley.
Thermomechanical Soil–Structure Interaction in Single Energy Piles Exhibiting Reversible Interface Behavior

Abstract Analytical solutions for displacement, strain, and stress in a single energy pile provide rational, mechanics-based qualitative and quantitative understanding of thermomechanical load tran...
Reliability of supraspinatus intramuscular fatty infiltration estimates on T1-weighted MRI in potential candidates for rotator cuff repair surgery: full-thickness tear versus high-grade partial-thickness tear.

Patients with supraspinatus high-grade partial-thickness tear or full-thickness tear are potential candidates for rotator cuff repair surgery. We sought (1) to compare supraspinatus intramuscular fatty infiltration between these groups by Goutallier grade, fuzzy C-means and an orthopaedic surgeon visible percentage estimate, (2) and to determine the reliability of each method. We performed a retrospective cross-sectional study of supraspinatus intramuscular fatty infiltration on T1-weighted MR images for 93 shoulders with either supraspinatus partial-thickness tear > 50% tendon thickness or full-thickness tear by Goutallier grade, fuzzy C-means and an orthopaedic surgeon visible percentage estimate, by two observers for each method. Descriptive statistics were performed to compare groups. Inter- and intra-observer reliability was determined. Correlative analysis among the three methods was performed. Significant differences of mean supraspinatus intramuscular fatty infiltration were present when comparing supraspinatus high-grade partial-thickness tear versus full-thickness tears by Goutallier grade (p = 0.004), fuzzy C-means (p = 0.002) and orthopaedic surgeon visible percentage estimate (p = 0.001). There was no significant difference for age (55.0 ± 11.1 years versus 56.1 ± 9.6 years) or sex (35.4% male versus 47.8% male) for supraspinatus high-grade partial-thickness tear and full-thickness tear, respectively. A significant difference existed among the subgroup of full-thickness tears stratified by tear size by all three methods (p < 0.020). Inter- and intra-observer reliability was Goutallier grade 0.590 and 0.624, fuzzy C-means 0.768 and 0.925 and orthopaedic surgeon visible percentage estimate 0.858 and 0.686, respectively. For shoulders with mean Goutallier grade ≥ 2.0, inter-observer reliability was 0.878 and 0.802 for fuzzy C-means and orthopaedic surgeon visible percentage estimate, respectively. A strong correlation was present among the three methods of supraspinatus FI analysis (rho ≥ 0.72). Supraspinatus full-thickness tears have higher amounts of intramuscular fatty infiltration compared to high-grade partial-thickness tear. Quantitative fuzzy C-means shows excellent inter-observer reliability for estimating supraspinatus intramuscular fat. Experienced orthopaedic surgeons’ semi-quantitative estimation of supraspinatus visible intramuscular fat may offer improved reliability as compared to semi-quantitative Goutallier grade.
Toward a Liberated Learning Spirit: A Model for Developing Critical Consciousness

Despite the popularity of social justice frameworks, today’s polarized socio-political environments call for a justice-forward approach where educators blend equity and culturally-responsive pedagogies with experiential approaches to learning. The TALLS (Toward a Liberated Learning Spirit) model for developing critical consciousness infuses established equity practices with indigenous approaches to learning and Martin Luther King Jr.’s Six Steps for Nonviolent Social Change. By re-engaging curiosities, TALLS guides learners from academic detachment through an unlearning process toward embodied liberation. Readers will be invited to disrupt common misconceptions that reproduce postcolonial paradigms to foster learner development of critical consciousness.
Impact of informal physics programs on university student development: Creating a physicist

Undergraduate physics students who facilitated informal physics programs positively developed their physics identity, experienced an increased sense of belonging to the physics community, and improved their communication and teamwork skills.
'School Choice Program Expansion: African Centered Curriculum, Education, Thought, and Schools'

The purpose of this research is to explore the complications of the expansion of School Choice Programs (SCP) and the integration of an African-centered curriculum, education, thought, and schools into American public schools and school choice programs. The complications deal with the issues of the Zero Tolerance Policy (ZTP), No Excuses Model, School to Prison Pipeline (STPP), and discriminatory practices that impact students of color at a higher rate than whites such as racial and economic segregation, expulsions, suspensions, and dropout rates, which evidence shows leads to juvenile and incarceration arrests. In order to correct the complications, the framework of African Centered Thought (ACT) based on Dr. Jacob Carruthers, and Critical Race Theory (CRT) should be implemented into the SCP for an African centered curriculum, education, thought, and schools.
The Association Between the Number of Prehospital Providers On-Scene and Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Outcomes.

Objective: The ideal number of emergency medical services (EMS) providers needed on-scene during an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) resuscitation is unknown. Our objective was to evaluate the association between the number of providers on-scene and OHCA outcomes.Methods: This was a secondary analysis of adults (≥18 years old) with non-traumatic OHCA from a 10-site North American prospective cardiac arrest registry (Resuscitation Outcomes Consortium) including a 2005-2011 cohort and a 2011-2015 cohort. The primary outcome was survival to hospital discharge. We calculated the median number of EMS providers on-scene during the first 10 minutes of the resuscitation and used multivariable logistic regression adjusting for age, sex, witness status, bystander CPR, arrest location, initial rhythm, and dispatch to EMS arrival time.Results: There were 30,613 and 41,946 patients with necessary variables in the 2005-2011 and 2011-2015 cohorts, respectively. Survival to hospital discharge (95% CI) was higher with 9 or more providers on-scene (17.2% [15.8-18.5] and 14.0% [12.6-15.4]) compared to 7-8 (14.1% [13.4-14.8] and 10.5% [9.9-11.1]), 5-6 (10.0% [9.5-10.5] and 8.5% [8.1-8.9]), 3-4 (10.5% [9.3-11.6] and 9.3% [8.5-10.1]), and 1-2 (8.6% [7.2-10.0] and 8.0% [7.1-9.0]) providers for the 2005-2011 and 2011-2015 cohorts, respectively. In multivariable logistic regressions, compared to 5-6 providers, there were no significant differences in survival to hospital discharge for 1-2 or 3-4 providers, while having 7-8 (adjusted odds ratios (aORs) 1.53 [1.39-1.67] and 1.31 [1.20-1.44]) and 9 or more (aORs 1.76 [1.56-1.98] and 1.63 [1.41-1.89]) providers were associated with improved survival in both the 2005-2011 and 2011-2015 cohorts, respectively.Conclusions: The presence of seven or more prehospital providers on-scene was associated with significantly greater adjusted odds of survival to hospital discharge after OHCA compared to fewer on-scene providers.
Development and Function of Human CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ Regulatory T Cells in Humanized Mouse and HIV-1 Infection

Regulatory T (Treg) cells are implicated in modulating immunopathogenesis of a number of diseases including autoimmune and infectious diseases. Treg cells are likely to serve as primary target cells as well as immunosuppressive cells in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection due to high expression of HIV-1 receptor and coreceptors. Recent advances in animal models including humanized mouse models, and human Treg studies, allow us to investigate the role of Treg cells in HIV-1 infection and immunopathogenesis. Accumulating data suggest that Treg cells may play a distinct role in HIV-1 infection and immunopathogenesis depending on the course of infection. During the acute phase of infection, Treg cells are likely to contribute to elevated HIV-1 infection by suppressing anti-HIV immunity, and their gradual impairment may contribute to chronic immune activation. On the other hand, Treg cells may suppress virus replication by direct or indirect mechanisms during the chronic phase of infection. This chapter provides a brief introduction to Treg cells, and their development and function in humanized mice. The role of Treg cells in HIV-1 infection and immunopathogenesis is also discussed based on recent findings.
Streptococcus pyogenes type 12 M protein gene regulation by upstream sequences.

Abstract A partial nucleotide sequence that included 1,693 base pairs of the M12 (emm12) gene of group A streptococci (strain CS24) and adjacent upstream DNA was determined. Type 12 M protein-specific mRNA of strain CS24 is transcribed from two promoters (P1 and P3) separated by 30 bases. The transcription start sites of the emm12 gene were located more than 400 bases downstream of a deletion that causes decreased M-protein gene transcription in strain CS64. Deletion analysis of M protein-expressing plasmids indicated that an upstream region greater than 1 kilobase is required for M-protein gene expression. The M-protein gene transcriptional unit appears to be monocistronic. Analysis of the emm12 DNA sequence revealed three major repeat regions. Two copies of each repeat, A and B, existed within the variable 5' end of the gene; repeat C demarcated the 5' end of the constant region shared by emm12 and emm6.
Collection of Particulate Matter from Smokestacks Using Gamma-Ray Ionization

When gamma rays are used to charge particulate matter in stack gas, high collection efficiencies are obtained. These high efficiencies are achieved for all sizes of particulates, including those of...
Tempered Regrets Under Total Ignorance

Several decision rules, including the minimax regret rule, have been posited to suggest optimizing strategies for an individual when neither objective nor subjective probabilities can be associated to the various states of the world. These all share the shortcoming of focusing only on extreme outcomes. This paper suggests an alternative approach of ‘tempered regrets’ which may more closely replicate the decision process of individuals in those situations in which avoiding the worst outcome tempers the loss from not achieving the best outcome. The assumption of total ignorance of the probabilities associated with the various states is maintained. Applications and illustrations from standard neoclassical theory are discussed.
Timeliness in the Adoptive Placement of Photolisted Children: The New York State Blue Books

ABSTRACT This study uses information from the New York State (NYS) Adoption Photolisting Service, the Blue Books, to determine the characteristics of the hardest-to-place children, factors related to timeliness in the adoptive placement of listed children, and the efficacy of photolisting updates in impacting placement probabilities. The data for this study consist of computerized records on all children photolisted in NYS from 1976 to 1997. Results indicate that children experiencing significant delays in placement are more likely to be male, black, older at first listing, have mild or severe psychological problems or multiple problems requiring total care and to have strong emotional ties to nonadopting adults in their lives. Members of sibling groups listed in the Blue Books are placed more quickly. Even after controlling for time dependency and unobserved heterogeneity, results indicate that updating a photolisting has no significant impact on increasing a child's probability of placement. Implication...
Parametric Study of Recriticality in a Boiling Water Reactor Severe Accident

Recriticality is possible in a severe accident if unborated or low boron concentration water is added to a damaged core after control rod melting but before fuel melting. Recriticality in a severe accident in a boiling water reactor was parametrically investigated using the TWODANT code. Eigenvalue calculations for a unit central fuel cell with reflective boundary conditions were performed by solving the two-dimensional multigroup steady-state Boltzman transport equation using TWODANT. Two sets of calculations were performed in this work. The first set of calculations was carried out under three types of normal operating conditions to provide reference values for the accident calculations: (a) cold rodded condition, (b) cold unrodded condition, and (c) hot full-power condition. The eigenvalues at these conditions were found to be 1.055, 1.208, and 1.098, respectively. The second set of calculations was carried out after the melting of the control element and during the reflood phase, under the following reflood conditions: (a) reflood with unborated water and (b) reflood with borated water. For the reflood case with unborated water, five values of void fractions were considered (100, 60, 40, 20, and 0%). Decreasing void fractions represent greater refill levels during the reflood process. The system pressure wasmore » taken to be 7 MPa, while the moderator temperature was set to 560 K. Plotting the eigenvalue compared with the fraction of control materials lost indicates recriticality is only possible if nearly 100% of the control material is lost from the core. Eigenvalue calculations were repeated for short- and long-term recovery conditions of the reflood phase corresponding to maximum moderator density at 4 MPa pressure and 525 K moderator temperature and for 1 MPa pressure and 325 K moderator temperature, respectively. Recriticality was again observed to be a concern only after losing 95% ore more of control materials from the unit cell.« less
The C9orf72 repeat expansion disrupts nucleocytoplasmic transport

The hexanucleotide repeat expansion (HRE) GGGGCC (G4C2) in C9orf72 is the most common cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Recent studies support an HRE RNA gain-of-function mechanism of neurotoxicity, and we previously identified protein interactors for the G4C2 RNA including RanGAP1. A candidate-based genetic screen in Drosophila expressing 30 G4C2 repeats identified RanGAP (Drosophila orthologue of human RanGAP1), a key regulator of nucleocytoplasmic transport, as a potent suppressor of neurodegeneration. Enhancing nuclear import or suppressing nuclear export of proteins also suppresses neurodegeneration. RanGAP physically interacts with HRE RNA and is mislocalized in HRE-expressing flies, neurons from C9orf72 ALS patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC-derived neurons), and in C9orf72 ALS patient brain tissue. Nuclear import is impaired as a result of HRE expression in the fly model and in C9orf72 iPSC-derived neurons, and these deficits are rescued by small molecules and antisense oligonucleotides targeting the HRE G-quadruplexes. Nucleocytoplasmic transport defects may be a fundamental pathway for ALS and FTD that is amenable to pharmacotherapeutic intervention.
Estrogen Modulates Neuronal Bcl-xl Expression and β-Amyloid-Induced Apoptosis: Relevance to Alzheimer’s Disease

Abstract: Recent findings indicate that estrogen is neuroprotective, a cellular effect that may contribute to its clinical benefits in delaying the development of Alzheimer’s disease. In this report, we identify a novel neuronal action of estrogen that may contribute to its neuroprotective mechanism(s). Specifically, we report that estrogen significantly increases the expression of the antiapoptotic protin Bcl-XL in cultured hippocampal neurons. This effect presumably reflects classic estrogen transcriptional regulation, as we identified a putative estrogen response element in the bcl-X gene. Estrogen-induced enhancement of Bcl-XL is associated with a reduction in measures of β-amyloid-induced apoptosis, including inhibition of both caspase-mediated proteolysis and neurotoxicity. A similar relationship between estrogen, Bcl-XL expression, and resistance to degeneration was also observed in human hippocampus. We report neuronal colocalization of estrogen receptor and Bcl-XL immunoreactivities that is most prominent in hippocampal subfield CA3, a region that shows relatively little immunoreactivity to paired helical filament-1, a marker of Alzheimer’s disease neurodegeneration. These data suggest a novel mechanism of estrogen neuroprotection that may be relevant to estrogen’s suggested ability to modulate neuronal viability across the life span, from neural sexual differentiation and development through age-related neurodegenerative conditions.
Essential finite-size effect in the two-dimensional XY model

The thermodynamics of the two-dimensional (2D) XY model is formulated by a transfer-matrix method and analyzed by a density-matrix renormalization group. The finite-size scaling and the beta function of the model are studied by the Roomany-Wyld renormalization-group theory. It is found that the 2D XY model has an essential finite-size effect and the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless transition with the critical temperature ${T}_{\mathrm{BKT}}=0.892$ appears in a finite system of 2000--3000 spins as a massless to massive transition with the effective critical temperature ${T}_{c}=1.07\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.01.$
Modified normal-phase ion-pair chromatographic methods for the facile separation and purification of imidazolium-based ionic compounds

Abstract Imidazolium- and oligo(imidazolium)-based ionic organic compounds are important in the design of room-temperature ionic liquid materials; however, the chromatographic analysis and separation of such compounds are often difficult. A convenient and inexpensive method for effective thin-layer chromatography (TLC) analysis and column chromatography separation of imidazolium-based ionic compounds is presented. Normal-phase ion-pair TLC is used to effectively analyze homologous mixtures of these ionic compounds. Subsequent separation of the mixtures is performed using ion-pair flash chromatography on normal-phase silica gel, yielding high levels of recovery. This method also results in a complete exchange of the counter anion on the imidazolium compounds to the anion of the ion-pair reagent.
The prevalence of phantom sensation and pain in pediatric amputees

Abstract Phantom sensations and pain occur with an unknown frequency in children. We hypothesized that such experiences are common among children, and occur more often than is recognized by health-care personnel. Children and adolescents, ages 5–19 years, who had undergone limb amputation in the past 10 years, served as subjects for this retrospective study. Subjects were divided into three major groups depending upon the indication for amputation: congenital deformity (CD), trauma/infection (TI), and cancer (Ca). Surveys assessing phantom sensations and phantom pain were mailed to children and their parents/guardians. The incidence of phantom sensations was 100% in each group, and phantom pain occurred in the overwhelming majority. Both types of phantom phenomena began within days of surgery for almost all patients. Seventy-five percent of children and adolescents who had experienced phantom pain also had preoperative limb pain. At the time of the study, phantom pain had resolved in only 35% of the subjects. Phantom pain was documented in the medical records of only 40% of those answering positively to questions regarding phantom pain on the questionnaire. We conclude that phantom pain occurs commonly in children and adolescents. The association of preoperative pain in the diseased extremity and the later occurrence of phantom pain suggests that preoperative regional anesthesia may prevent phantom pain.
A logistic model based on enzyme activities for the prediction of response of breast cancer patients to chemotherapy.

A logistic regression model, utilizing the activities of certain selected glycolytic enzymes and ER status measured on primary or recurrent lesions, has been applied to predict for response to combination chemotherapy regimens administered to women with advanced breast cancer. The clinical outcome of response or no response was evaluated retrospectively using criteria employed by cooperative group protocols. In 93 cases, 58/61 patients classified as nonresponders and 22/32 patients demonstrating objective responses would have been correctly designated, based on the 50% estimated probability as the level for separation of responders from nonresponders. The overall predictive accuracy of this model was 86%, with apparently greater accuracy for prediction of lack of response. Addition of estrogen receptor status to the model imparted no gain in accuracy of prediction. Application of this model to a prospective study is warranted. Cancer 50:1734-1738, 1982.
Measurements and analysis of oxygen bubble distributions in LiCl–KCl molten salt

Abstract Transparent system experimental studies have been performed to provide measurement and analysis of oxygen bubble distributions at different sparging rates in LiCl–KCl molten salt at 500 °C using a high-speed digital camera and an oxygen sensor. The results reveal that bubble sizes and rise velocities increased with an increase in oxygen sparging rate. The bubbles observed were ellipsoidal in shape, and an equivalent diameter based on the ellipsoid volume was calculated, ranging from 0.00263 m to 0.00407 m. Results also show that the bubble equivalent diameters are normally distributed. A Fanning friction factor correlation was used to predict a bubble's rise velocity. The oxygen mass transfer coefficients were calculated using the oxygenation model; these values were on the order of 10 −4 m/s and followed a decreasing trend corresponding to an increasing bubble size and sparging rate. The diffusivities were calculated based on two different approaches—one based on physics of the bubbles and the other on systematic properties. The diffusivity values calculated from bubble physics are 1.65 × 10 −9 m 2 /s to 8.40 × 10 −9 m 2 /s, which are within the range suggested by literature for gases in liquids of a similar viscosity.
Demographic and Psychographic Determinants of Coupon Users at Pizza Restaurants

Abstract The use of coupons is a wide-spread promotional technique aimed at encouraging patronage in the restaurant industry. This research focusing on pizza restaurants was conducted to determine if coupon users could be identified based on demographic and psychographic variables. Using descriptive statistics, factor, and cluster analysis, the 30-item mail survey was analyzed. The findings indicated that there are clear differences between those who have a positive attitude toward pizza coupon usage and those who do not. Such information could prove useful to pizza restaurants when developing and devising marketing strategies and target promotions. In addition, the findings could be used to gain a greater understanding of selected market segments.