cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Radio-over-Fiber Distributed Antenna System for WiMAX Bullet Train Field Trial

Wireless broadband access for mobile applications is an area of increasing growth. An international collaboration, led by the Taiwan Industrial Technology Research Institute (ITRI), has been working to implement a dedicated WiMAX network for a user field trial on the Taiwan High Speed Rail (THSR) bullet train system. Continuous wireless coverage at train speeds up to 300km/hr is challenging due to a number of critical issues, including handover at high speeds and coverage in challenging terrain such as tunnels. A Radio-over-Fiber (RoF) Distributed Antenna System (DAS) was developed by Corning Incorporated to address the critical issue of handover and increase the coverage for each WiMAX basestation. For a DAS deployment consisting of multiple discrete antennas, proper signal strength management is required because the maximum delay spread allowed by the WiMAX protocol is easily surpassed at realistic fiber ranges up to 9km. This paper reviews some of the initial results of the RoF DAS experiments in SongShan tunnel in Taipei. Error-free signal transmission was achieved when the difference in received power from two consecutive antennas was greater than 10dB.
Influencing waiting lists

Abstract Stochastically arriving objects (e.g. transplant organs, public housing units) often are allocated via waiting lists exhibiting deferral rights: agents may decline offers, keeping their position in line. We consider the welfare implications of bestowing or constraining such rights, concluding that their desirability depends—in opposite ways—on agents' risk-aversion and impatience. Under risk-aversion, uninfluenced deferral rights typically enhance welfare. Under discounting some restrictions on deferral rights can benefit all agents joining the list. In a stylized “organ spoilage” model our results demonstrate that policy evaluations should not be based solely on throughput metrics (e.g. organ utilization rates) that ignore such preference characteristics.
Efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy for small bowel adenocarcinoma: A propensity score-matched analysis.

BACKGROUND The role of adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) in the treatment of small bowel adenocarcinoma is poorly defined. Previous analyses have been limited by small sample sizes and have failed to demonstrate a survival advantage. METHODS Patients with resected small bowel adenocarcinoma (American Joint Committee on Cancer [AJCC] pathologic stage I-III) who were receiving AC (n = 1674) or surgery alone (SA; n = 3072) were identified in the NCDB (1998-2011). Cox regression identified covariates associated with overall survival (OS). AC and SA cohorts were matched (1:1) by propensity scores based on the likelihood of receiving AC or the survival hazard from Cox modeling. OS was compared with Kaplan-Meier estimates. RESULTS The omission of AC conferred an increased risk of death (hazard ratio, 1.36; 95% confidence interval, 1.24-1.50; P < .001). After propensity score matching, there was a nonsignificant trend toward improved OS with AC in AJCC stage I patients (158.8 vs 110.7 months; P = .226) and AJCC stage II patients (104.0 vs 79.6 months; P = .185), including the subset with a T4 tumor classification (64.0 vs 47.4 months; P = .130) or a positive resection margin (44.4 vs 31.0 months; P = .333). Median OS was superior for patients with AJCC stage III disease who were receiving AC versus SA (42.4 vs 26.1 months; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS These data support the use of AC for resected stage III small bowel adenocarcinoma. The trend toward improved OS for patients without nodal metastasis, including those who have T4 tumors or have undergone positive-margin resection, may justify the use of AC in select patients with earlier stage disease. Cancer 2016;122:693–701. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Functional and Ionic Properties of a Slow Afterhyperpolarization in Ferret Perigeniculate Neurons In Vitro

Kim, Uhnoh and David A. McCormick. Functional and ionic properties of a slow afterhyperpolarization in ferret perigeniculate neurons in vitro. J. Neurophysiol. 80: 1222–1235, 1998. Intracellular re...
Functional morphology and hydrodynamics of backward swimming in bluegill sunfish, Lepomis macrochirus

Most teleost fishes, like the bluegill sunfish Lepomis macrochirus, have multiple flexible fins that are used as modifiable control surfaces. This helps to make fish highly maneuverable, permitting behaviors like reversing direction of motion and swimming backwards without having to rotate body position. To answer the question of how fish swim backwards we used high-speed videography and electromyography to determine the kinematics and muscle activity necessary to produce reverse-direction propulsion in four bluegill sunfish. We found that, in contrast to slow forward swimming, low-speed backward swimming is a multi-fin behavior, utilizing the pectoral, dorsal, anal, and caudal fins. The pectoral fins alternate beats, each fin broadly flaring on the outstroke and feathered on the instroke. The dorsal fin and dorsal portion of the caudal fin move out of phase as do the anal fin and ventral portion of the caudal fin. Electromyography of muscles in the pectoral, dorsal, anal, and caudal fins demonstrated bilateral activation when these fins changed direction, suggesting that fins are stiffened at this time. In addition to backward propulsion by the pectoral fins, particle image velocimetry revealed that the dorsal and anal fins are capable of producing reverse momentum jets to propel the fish backward. Because teleost fishes are statically unstable, locomotion at slow speeds requires precise fin control to adequately balance torques produced about the center of mass. Therefore, the kinematics of backward swimming may be the result of compensation for rolling, pitching, and yawning instability. We suggest that asymmetric pectoral fin activity with feathering during adduction balances rolling instability. The ventral to dorsal undulatory wave on the caudal fin controls pitch instability and yaw instability encountered from pectoral-driven backward locomotion. Thrust generation from the dorsal and anal fins decreases the destabilizing effect of the long moment arm of the tail in backward swimming. Thus, backward locomotion at slow speed is not simply the reverse of slow forward swimming.
Analysis on Results of Monitoring Dengue Fever and Investigation on Dengue Vector during 2005-2007 in Zhongshan City

Objective To provide data for preventing the epidemic dengue fever by conducting the surveillance of DF and density of vector in Zhongshan city. Method Different monitoring data such as serum-monitoring data, BI-monitoring data, and HI-monitoring data were collected and analyzed. Result 16 of 441 healthy people were tested positive for anti-Dengue IgG, with a positive rate of 36.28%. Aedes albopictus was discovered in all monitoring spots and with high density. The average Breteau index(BI) was over 5. From July to December, the average BI was 14.53, 15.78, 17.62, 21.37, 18.92, 15.83, and 14.70, respectively. Vector surveillance only found Aedes albopictus but no Aedes aegypti. Conclusion There are natural, social and environmental conditions favorable for the prevalence of dengue fever in Zhongshan city and the population generally susceptible to dengue fever. Thus effective measures including patriotic movement, clearance of Aedes mosquito-breeding sites should be carried out to control the prevalence of dengue fever.
Application of First Set of Sinicized TCSC in Gansu Power Network

220 kV TCSC Project in Gansu Bikou - Chengxian was put into operation successfully, which realizes the stnicization of TCSC and conventional SC at the same time and has the important meaning for developing the power system technology in China.The paper described and analyzed the technical and economic meaning of 220 kV TCSC Project, and introduced the main equipment with control system of Project (such as condenser bank, valve group, MOV voltage limit, spark gap and damping installation etc.) in detail.
Accessory Thyroid Tissue in the Goat

SUMMARY Accessory thyroid tissue was present either at the base of the neck or between the rami of the jaws in four of 17 normal adult goats. Six-and-a-half months after three of these four goats had been thyroidectomized the accessory tissues had disappeared in two and their 131 I-concentrating capacity had diminished greatly in the other. Residual or accessory thyroid tissue was found at the site of the original thyroid gland or in other sites 12 to 14 months after operation in 13 of 16 goats thyro-parathyroidectomized as immature animals.
Electron injection dynamics in high-potential porphyrin photoanodes.

ConspectusThere is a growing need to utilize carbon neutral energy sources, and it is well known that solar energy can easily satisfy all of humanity’s requirements. In order to make solar energy a viable alternative to fossil fuels, the problem of intermittency must be solved. Batteries and supercapacitors are an area of active research, but they currently have relatively low energy-to-mass storage capacity. An alternative and very promising possibility is to store energy in chemical bonds, or make a solar fuel.The process of making solar fuel is not new, since photosynthesis has been occurring on earth for about 3 billion years. In order to produce any fuel, protons and electrons must be harvested from a species in its oxidized form. Photosynthesis uses the only viable source of electrons and protons on the scale needed for global energy demands: water. Because artificial photosynthesis is a lofty goal, water oxidation, which is a crucial step in the process, has been the initial focus.This Account prov...
Sex-Role Stereotyping in Advertisements: A Re-Examination

This article provides an updated empirical analysis of sex-role stereotyping in magazine advertisements. The study compares the relative use of female stereotypes from 1974–5 to 1979–80. The results suggest that some moderation in sex-role stereotyping has occurred, yet stereotyping persists in magazine advertisements.
Growth and Differentiation of the Shoot

The aerial portion of the seedling considered in the previous chapter is generally known as the shoot system. The main axis of the shoot is the stem, which provides support for leaves and bear flowers and fruits at a later stage in its ontogeny. The stem is terminated by a self-perpetuating population of small, isodiametric, rapidly dividing cells known as the shoot apical meristem. It is this meristem that gives rise to the leaf primordia and produces the tissues that contribute to the increase in length of the stem. Additional shoot apical meristems are formed in the axils of leaves or adventitiously on cultured explants. The shoot apical meristem is often protected by leaf primordia, and in this configuration, it is known as the bud. One of the outstanding characteristics of the shoot apical meristem is that as a center of postembryonic development, it functions as an organizer that determines the fate of its own derivatives and in the process continues to produce leaves or floral meristems repeatedly throughout the life of the plant. In other words, the shoot apical meristem is capable of indeterminate growth. Because of the close relationship between the shoot apical meristem and its immediate derivatives such as the leaf, internode, node, and axillary bud and the reiterative manner in which they are cut off during the vegetative life of the plant, the activity of this meristem has been likened to a modular construction. Thus, what comes out of the meristem is a module, and a modular unit comprising the leaf, internode, node, and axillary bud is termed a phytomer or metamer. In a general sense, the shoot apical meristem can be considered analogous to the stem cell population that programs the continued growth of certain structures such as the hair or nails in animals, although the latter are not akin to modules.
Refining Students’ Explanations of an Unfamiliar Physical Phenomenon-Microscopic Friction

The first phase of this multiphase study involves modeling of college students’ thinking of friction at the microscopic level. Diagnostic interviews were conducted with 11 students with different levels of physics backgrounds. A phenomenographic approach of data analysis was used to generate categories of responses which subsequently were used to generate a model of explanation. Most of the students interviewed consistently used mechanical interactions in explaining microscopic friction. According to these students, friction is due to the interlocking or rubbing of atoms. Our data suggest that students’ explanations of microscopic friction are predominantly influenced by their macroscopic experiences. In the second phase of the research, teaching experiment was conducted with 18 college students to investigate how students’ explanations of microscopic friction can be refined by a series of model-building activities. Data were analyzed using Redish’s two-level transfer framework. Our results show that through sequences of hands-on and minds-on activities, including cognitive dissonance and resolution, it is possible to facilitate the refinement of students’ explanations of microscopic friction. The activities seemed to be productive in helping students activate associations that refine their ideas about microscopic friction.
Bubbles Produced by Breaking Wind Waves

Many air-sea interaction processes, including gas transfer, involve bubbles produced by breaking waves. Laboratory measurements of bubbles were performed under various wind and wave conditions. The size spectra of bubbles were found to vary with depth, with larger bubbles vanishing more rapidly downward. The bubble population decays exponentially with depth; the characteristic entrainment depth is about one wave height. The bubble population at the water surface was found to be proportional to the fifth power of wind velocity under moderate winds (wind-shear velocity smaller than 80 cm/s). For high winds, the power shifted to 2.5, indicating different breaking processes in two wind-velocity ranges.
Ethylene Ignition and Flameholding by Electrical Discharge in Supersonic Combustor

This study examined the ignition and flameholding effects of the quasi-direct-current discharge on a directly injected hydrocarbon fuel (ethylene) in a supersonic combustion chamber without mechani...
Desire and Empathy in George Orwell’s Nineteen Eighty-Four

This chapter argues that Julia, the so-called “revolutionary from the waist down,” is the conscience of the novel. Through her, Orwell suggests that ethics and community depend on instinctive rather than intellectual inclinations. Although Winston and Julia are ultimately lost, Orwell locates a durable system of ethics in the working class, one sustained by the workers’ sexual autonomy. The Party’s claims about its strength, about the political ineffectualness of the proles, and about the impossibility of revolution are all unreliable propaganda. Effort spent liquidating even loyal Oceanians may indicate hidden desperation and instability within the ruling elite. This chapter also addresses connections in the text between the erosion of language and the diminishment of erotic desire, as well as Orwell’s problematic portrayal of women.
An optimization portfolio decision model of life cycle activity-based costing with carbon footprint constraints for hybrid green power strategies

Abstract A stable electricity supply is indispensable for both economic development and residential life. Social economic growth has caused a significant deficiency of conventional energy; hence, reducing the use of energy and developing new electricity sources are topics that have attracted wide attention from both academia and industries. In a green electric power system, reasonable costs and benefit controls, as well as carbon footprint computations, are considered to be the key barriers encountered. This study focuses on the total cost, feed-in tariff price, and carbon footprint of a power system, and proposes a 0–1 mixed integer linear programming (MILP) decision model for achieving an optimization portfolio of green electric power systems, using activity-based cost (ABC) and lifecycle assessment (LCA) approaches. The major contributions of this study are, as follows: (1) the integrated model can help green power suppliers to more accurately understand how to allocate resources and funding for energy-saving activities to each green electric power system through appropriate cost drivers; (2) the proposed model provides cost and benefit analysis information, which will assist management in planning clean energy production systems; and (3) the obtained portfolio shows that the maximum profits for green power planning contribute to the development of a national energy policy in Taiwan.
Steroids for sepsis: yes, no or maybe.

The rationale for the use of corticosteroids in sepsis, is that this class of drugs downregulates the exuberant and dysfunctional pro-inflammatory response, limits the anti-inflammatory response while at the same time preserving innate immunity (1,2).
Numerical Simulations of the Mechanical Behavior of Adobe

Numerical simulation of geomaterials in the literature is sparse, and little data is available on modeling and simulation of high-velocity penetration of geomaterials using constitutive models built into hydrocodes. The brittle fracture kinetics (BFK) concrete material model in continuum mechanics codes has been used to simulate adobe targets; however the material parameters utilized for adobe were those of concrete with the unconfined compressive strength adjusted to match the adobe, which does not capture the pressure-dependent strength behavior of adobe.
Computer as a research tool in speech-understanding systems research

Speech-Understanding Systems (2), likeseveral other problems that arise in Artificial Intelligence research, are characterized by high data rates, large amounts of data, and the need to perceive, understand and respond in real time. Thus, while it is acceptable to take 3–5 min to respond to a chess move, one expects an immediate response during a conversation. Unlike the conventional scientific applications, where the solution is known and merely needs to be programmed, in this case not only are the solutions not known but even the research methodology for the discovery of a solution was not well understood a few years ago. Thus the computer plays an important role in the scientific discovery for formulation and validation of models that can explain the perceptual phenomena associated with speech understanding. The role of such an interactive computer research system in information processing psychology is analogous to the role of an electron microscope in neurobiology. In this paper we will briefly discuss the structure and organization of a working speech-understanding system and discuss the facilities in our research environment and their relevance to this research.
Applying Pedagogy during Game Development to Enhance Game-Based Learning

“Serious games” are emerging as an important outgrowth of the video gaming industry. Entertaining games, such as Flight Simulator and SimCity, are already in use in schools and universities across the country, and the number of serious games designed specifically for training and education is also on the rise. Advances in video game production, however, are far outpacing research on its design and effectiveness. Relatively little is still known about methods for optimizing the game design process or game-based learning.
Virtual screening of a natural compound library at orthosteric and allosteric binding sites of the neurotensin receptor.

Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation using the AMBER force field has been performed on the neurotensin (NT) receptor, a class A type G-protein-coupled receptor in its activated conformation co-crysta...
A Differential Accelerometer System: Offline Calibration and State Estimation

Accelerometers are used in a wide variety of applications including inertial navigation systems and activity monitors. In order to reduce systematic and random errors and improve accuracy and precision, this paper proposes a differential accelerometer system where two triaxial accelerometers are combined in opposite directions. The differential system allows to create additional constraints that can be used for improving calibration and estimation. Calibration methods based on nonlinear optimization are suggested to determine the offset and the scaling vectors. The differential system also permits to determine and update the offset and the scaling factors dynamically based on the system’s constraints. Sensor fusion is accomplished using a weighted least squares method. Experiments are carried out to evaluate and validate the system and the proposed methods including comparison with a single accelerometer system. It is shown that the differential system facilitates and improves acceleration estimation in terms of accuracy and precision.
Coupling synthetic biology and programmable materials to construct complex tissue ecosystems

Synthetic biology combines engineering and biology to produce artificial systems with programmable features. Specifically, engineered microenvironments have advanced immensely over the past few decades, owing in part to the merging of materials with biologic mimetic structures. In this review, the authors adapt a traditional definition of community ecology to describe “cellular ecology,” or the study of the distribution of cell populations and interactions within their microenvironment. The authors discuss two exemplar hydrogel platforms: (1) self-assembling peptide hydrogels and (2) poly(ethylene) glycol hydrogels and describe future opportunities for merging smart material design and synthetic biology within the scope of multicellular platforms.
Evidence‐Based Human Trafficking Policy: Opportunities to Invest in Trauma‐Informed Strategies

Human trafficking is a critical social issue characterized by chronic trauma among victims, and frequently preceded by traumatic experiences that contribute to risk of victimization. Therefore, the research-based practice of trauma-informed care is a highly appropriate lens for both prevention and intervention. This work examines federal legislation in the United States related to human trafficking for references to trauma, as well as how the use of research could implicitly direct public policy responses toward trauma-informed approaches. Legislation on human trafficking has risen substantially since 1989, and the use of research and trauma language within these policies has also observed substantial increases. While the use of trauma language was associated with limited progression in the policy process, legislation using research language was more likely to pass out of Committee and become enacted. Moreover, legislation may leverage research in ways that have the potential to bolster trauma-informed practice among human trafficking victims. Specifically, research can be used to describe the problem and causal mechanisms (e.g., impact of trauma), guide "best practice" for service delivery, and generate knowledge through studies and evaluations that guide future policy. Therefore, human trafficking legislation that implicitly guides trauma-informed practice via the use of research may be particularly promising for the field.
A survey of iodine nutritional status in the populations of Guizhou Province after implementation of a new standard of salt iodine

Objective To investigate the iodine nutritional status in the populations of Guizhou Province after implementation of a new standard of salt iodine and to provide a basis in formulating strategy for control of iodine deficiency disorders. Methods In 2011 and 2014, 30 units were sampled in Guizhou Province using the sampling method of "Probability Proportional to Size". One primary school was chosen in each unit, by the randomized sampling method, 40 or 50 students in each school were sampled for examining their urinary iodine level and for testing their household salt iodine level; 12 and 50 children were chosen before and after the adjustment, respectively, for testing their urinary iodine level; near the location of the primary school, 1 township was chosen, 15-20 pregnant women in each township were sampled to test their urinary iodine level. Results Totally 1 215 salt samples were collected before adjustment, the median of salt iodine was 32.2 mg/kg; consumption rate of qualified salt was 96.63%; totally 364 urine samples of 8-10 children were collected, the median of urinary iodine (MUI) of children was 308.9 μg/L; 450 urine samples of pregnant women were sampled, and their MUI was 216.5 μg/L, among these, 121 below 150 μg/L, the proportion was 26.9%. Totally 1 538 salt samples were collected after the adjustment, the median of salt iodine was 26.6 mg/kg; consumption rate of qualified salt was 96.40%; totally 1 538 urinary samples of 8-10 children were collected, the MUI of children was 218.3 μg/L; and 601 urinary samples of pregnant women were collected, the MUI was 175.1 μg/L, among these, 241 below 150 μg/L, the proportion was 40.1%. As can be seen from the results, the percentage of sample below 150 μg/L after the adjustment was increased to 13.2% compared to that before the adjustment, the difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 19.89, P < 0.01). Conclusion After implementation of a new standard of salt iodine in Guizhou Province, the iodine nutrition is suitable in residents, but the iodine nutrition of pregnant women is in a trend of declining, which should be noticed. Key words: Child; Pregnant women; Iodine; Urine; Salts
Regional COVID-19 spread despite expected declines: how mitigation is hindered by spatio-temporal variation in local control measures.

Successful public health regimes for COVID-19 push below unity long-term global Rt -- the average number of secondary cases caused by an infectious individual. Most assessments use local information. Populations differ in Rt, amongst themselves and over time. We use a SIR model for two populations to make the conceptual point that even if each locality averages Rt
Challenges in diagnosing cardiac sarcoidosis: should we increase our index of suspicion?

Sarcoidosis is a multisystem disease involving the lungs in up to 90% of cases; however, 30% of patients will have systemic sarcoidosis, including involvement of the heart. Cardiac sarcoidosis can ...
Caregiver Eligibility for Support Services: Correlates and Consequences for Resource Utilization:

Policymakers and community organizations have implemented numerous programs and services to support the more than 40 million family caregivers in the United States. However, the existence of such s...
Mortality Trends in Risk Conditions and Invasive Mycotic Disease in the United States, 1999-2018.

Background Invasive fungal infections (IFIs) in the United States are chronically underdiagnosed and a lack of coordinated surveillance makes the true burden of disease difficult to determine. The purpose of this analysis was to capture mortality-associated burden of risk conditions and fungal infections. Methods We analyzed data from the National Vital Statistics System from 1999-2018 to estimate the mortality attributed to risk conditions and related fungal disease. Results The number of risk conditions associated with fungal disease is steadily rising in the United States with 1,047,422 diagnoses at time of death in 2018. While fungal disease decreased substantially from 1999 to 2010, primarily due to the control of HIV infection, the number deaths with fungal diagnosis has increased in the non-HIV cohort, with significant increases in patients with diabetes, cancer, immunosuppressive disorders, or sepsis. Conclusion The landscape of individuals at risk for serious fungal diseases is changing, with a continued decline in HIV-associated incidence, but increased diagnoses in patients with cancer, sepsis, immunosuppressive disorders, and influenza. Additionally, there is an overall increase in the number of fungal infections in recent years, indicating a failure to control fungal disease mortality in these new immunocompromised cohorts. Improvement in prevention and management of fungal diseases is needed to control morbidity and mortality in the rising number of immunocompromised and at-risk patients in the United States.
New Test Methodology for Wind Resistance Evaluation of Built-In-Place Vegetated Roof Assembly

Abstract The North American Vegetated Roof Assembly (VRA—a.k.a. green roofs) market is dominated by two different types: modular vegetated roof assemblies (MVRAs) and built-in-place vegetated roof ...
Hardness of Approximate Diameter: Now for Undirected Graphs.

Approximating the graph diameter is a basic task of both theoretical and practical interest. A simple folklore algorithm can output a 2-approximation to the diameter in linear time by running BFS from an arbitrary vertex. It has been open whether a better approximation is possible in near-linear time. A series of papers on fine-grained complexity have led to strong hardness results for diameter in directed graphs, culminating in a recent tradeoff curve independently discovered by [Li, STOC'21] and [Dalirrooyfard and Wein, STOC'21], showing that under the Strong Exponential Time Hypothesis (SETH), for any integer $k\ge 2$ and $\delta>0$, a $2-\frac{1}{k}-\delta$ approximation for diameter in directed $m$-edge graphs requires $mn^{1+1/(k-1)-o(1)}$ time. In particular, the simple linear time $2$-approximation algorithm is optimal for directed graphs. In this paper we prove that the same tradeoff lower bound curve is possible for undirected graphs as well, extending results of [Roditty and Vassilevska W., STOC'13], [Li'20] and [Bonnet, ICALP'21] who proved the first few cases of the curve, $k=2,3$ and $4$, respectively. Our result shows in particular that the simple linear time $2$-approximation algorithm is also optimal for undirected graphs. To obtain our result we develop new tools for fine-grained reductions that could be useful for proving SETH-based hardness for other problems in undirected graphs related to distance computation.
Achieving ABET Accreditation: An Outcome Assessment Case Study

ABET is an organization offering accreditation of degree programs for institutions of higher education in science, engineering, and computing. Institutions seek ABET accreditation as a demonstration of the quality of their programs. One important component of the accreditation process involves assessment of student performance against ABET defined student learning outcomes. This, in turn, requires the establishment of an on-going assessment process, together with a culture of continuous improvement. A case study is presented herein detailing a process of assessment developed at one institution which recently achieved ABET accreditation. It is hoped that the information provided here will serve as a useful guide to other institutions seeking to improve their assessment processes and/or receive ABET accreditation.
Research and Application of Intelligent Diagnosis Method of Mechanical Fault Based on Transformer Vibration and Noise and BP Neural Network

In this paper, a fault diagnosis method based on the transformer vibration noise and BP neural network is proposed. The transformer vibration noise signal is obtained by the vibration noise detection system, and the eigenvalue is calculated by FFT. The eigenvalue is used as the input of the trained BP neural network and the type of transformer fault is predicted. The validity of the method is verified by the diagnosis of typical state test of 6 kinds of transformers. This method makes full use of the vibration and noise signal of transformer, and realizes the diagnosis of transformer live fault by BP neural network algorithm. It greatly improves the fault diagnosis rate of the transformer. It greatly improves the fault diagnosis rate of the transformer and provides an effective way for the transformer live inspection.
A rare case of marijuana associated with ascending aorta thrombosis complicated with stroke and bilateral renal infarcts.

Abstract Ascending aortic is an uncommon site for arterial thrombosis and ascending aortic thrombosis is a very rare phenomenon with a high fatality rate. Marijuana is the most commonly used psychoactive drug in the United States and a few cases have been reported on the association of marijuana with vascular thromboembolism. However, the pathophysiology and exact mechanism are still not well studied. Herein, we present a case of a 44-year-old female with active marijuana use presented with ascending aortic thrombus associated with acute arterial occlusion of the right vertebral artery and bilateral renal artery. The unique part of this case is that the patient did not have the classical risk factors for vascular thromboembolic disease. The only risk factor was marijuana smoking. To our best knowledge, this is one of the unique cases of marijuana-associated with ascending aorta thrombosis.
Predicting the Far Detector Rates

Now that the Near Detector background rates have been measured it is necessary to convert them into Far Detector rates. The extraction of the Far-Near conversions from the MC used to predict (extrapolate) the NC and v μ CC components, as well as the details on the prediction of the beam v e and v τ CC components, are shown in Sect. 7.1. In our analysis it is not only necessary to predict the backgrounds but also the amount of signal that would be observed in the case of a nonzero θ 13. Section 7.2 shows how the MC portrays the signal well and how, after applying a small correction due to the mismodeling of hadronic showers, it can be used to obtain the v e CC selection efficiency at the Far Detector. Section 7.3 includes a summary of all the predictions.
(3,4-Dihy­droxy­oxolan-2-yl)methyl 4-methyl­benzene­sulfonate

The racemic title compound, C(12)H(16)O(6)S, possesses a five-membered ring that adopts an envelope-shaped conformation; the two hy-droxy groups occupy quasi-axial positions. Adjacent mol-ecules are linked by O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds to generate a ribbon that runs along the a axis of the ortho-rhom-bic unit cell. The crystal studied was an inversion twin.
A distributed object server

One of the major problems in an object-oriented DBMS is supporting interfaces to multiple languages. It is our thesis that this is best done by providing a common, low-level of functionality that can be used to implement various high-level language servers. This paper presents the architecture of such a low-level distributed object server with the following features: (1) sharing of persistent objects between sites, (2) resilience of objects in the presence of site crashes, (3) transactions to manage concurrency control, (4) immutable objects to promote efficiency, and (5) historical versions of objects. The objects provided by the server are very simple; basically chunks of storage containing object pointers and raw, uninterpreted data. In particular, there is no notion of message passing or behavior at the level of the server described here. This server is intended to be the lowest layer of a number of different object-oriented database systems in which the higher levels augment the functionality provided by this server to provide a richer object model, including complex object types and message passing behavior. An example of one such system is an extension to the Smalltalk object model [Goldberg and Robson, 1983] to provide a globally shared, resilient object space. This extension is called Distributed Smalltalk and is described in a companion paper [Porter, et. al, 1988].
Some properties of heat-resistant and heat-sensitive strains of Clostridium perfringens. I. Heat resistance and toxigenicity.

Heat resistance at 100 C (D-values), sporulating ratios, toxigenicity for mice, and lecithinase activity (as micrograms per milliliter of enzyme, ascertained by the lecithovitellin reaction) were determined for four strains of Clostridium perfringens. A definite inverse relationship between thermal resistance and toxigenicity was found. The D-values ranged from 17.6 for the most heat-resistant strain to 0.3 for the strain possessing the least heat resistance, with corresponding lecithinase activities from 25 to 133 μg/ml of enzyme. The sporulating ratios did not differ greatly between the strains. The heat stability of the toxin was greater at 100 C than at 75 C. There was a noticeable difference between the heat stabilities of the toxin in the culture fluids of the heat-sensitive and heat-resistant strains at pH 7.0 when the toxic filtrates were held at 100 C. At a holding temperature of 75 C, a similar but lesser difference was observed at pH 5.5. Heat resistance and lecithinase activity did not change when a substrain of the least heat-resistant parent strain was obtained through heat selection by a single transfer, or when the most heat-resistant strain was transferred serially 12 times.
Somatic intragenic recombination within the mutated locus BLM can correct the high sister-chromatid exchange phenotype of Bloom syndrome cells.

Abstract Cells from persons with Bloom syndrome feature an elevated rate of sister-chromatid exchange (SCE). However, in some affected persons a minority of blood lymphocytes have a normal SCE rate. Persons who inherit the Bloom syndrome gene BLM identical by descent from a common ancestor very rarely exhibit this high-SCE/low-SCE mosaicism; conversely, mosaicism arises predominantly in persons who do not share a common ancestor. These population data suggested that most persons with Bloom syndrome in whom the exceptional low-SCE cells arise are not homozygous for a mutation at BLM but instead are compound heterozygotes. Following this clue, we carried out a genotype analysis of loci syntenic with BLM in 11 persons who exhibited mosaicism. In five of them, polymorphic loci distal to BLM that were heterozygous in their high-SCE cells had become homozygous in their low-SCE cells, whereas heterozygous loci proximal to BLM remained heterozygous. These observations are interpreted to mean that intragenic recombination between paternally derived and maternally derived mutated sites within BLM can generate a functionally wild-type gene and that low-SCE lymphocytes are progeny of a somatic cell in which such intragenic recombination had occurred.
Spinoza's Revelation: Religion, Democracy, and Reason

Introduction 1. Vera Religio 2. Spinoza's Bible: concerning how it is that 'Scripture, insofar as it contains the word of God, has come down to us uncorrupted' 3. Politics, law, and the multitude 4. Reason, revelation, and the case of the Hebrews Conclusion Bibliography Index.
The effects of deferoxamine mesylate on iron elimination after blood transfusion in neonatal foals.

Background: Hepatic failure is one of the more common complications in foals requiring blood transfusion to treat neonatal isoerythrolysis. Iron intoxication is likely the cause of hepatic injury. Objectives: To determine the effects of deferoxamine on iron elimination in normal foals. Animals: Thirteen neonatal foals. Methods: Randomized-controlled trial. At 1–3 days of age, foals received either 3 L of washed packed dam's red blood cells (RBC) or 3 L of saline IV once. Foals were treated with deferoxamine (1 g) or saline (5 mL) SC twice daily for 14 days. Foals were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 groups: RBC/deferoxamine (deferoxamine), RBC/saline (placebo), or saline/saline (control). Blood and urine samples and liver biopsy specimens were collected for measurement of hematological, biochemical, and iron metabolism variables. Results: There was a significant (P < .05) increase in hematocrit, RBC count, and hemoglobin in the groups transfused with packed RBC as compared with controls at all times. Biochemical variables and liver biopsy scores were not significantly different between groups at any time. Urine iron concentrations and fractional excretion of iron were significantly higher in deferoxamine treated foals. By 14 days after transfusion, liver iron concentrations in foals treated with deferoxamine (79.9 ± 30.9 ppm) were significantly lower than that of foals receiving placebo (145 ± 53.0 ppm) and similar to that of controls (44.8 ± 4.09 ppm). Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Deferoxamine enhances urinary iron elimination and decreases hepatic iron accumulation after blood transfusion in foals.
High-speed directional coupler modulator with velocity-matched electrode structure

The 3 dB bandwidth of 17 GHz has obtained for the directional coupler modulator with capacitive-loaded electrode structure, and is in good agreement with the 20 GHz predicted result. We believe that this is the highest bandwidth obtained in the directional coupler modulators. >
Semiconductor electrodes: Part 38. Photoelectrochemical behavior of n- and p-type GaAs electrodes in tetrahydrofuran solutions

Abstract The photoelectrochemical behavior of n- and p-type GaAs was investigated in tetrahydrofuran solutions containing different redox couples. From the impedance measurements at different frequencies the flat-band potentials were located at approximately −1.0 (±0.1) V vs. SCE for n-GaAs and at 0.0 (±0.1) V vs. SCE for p-GaAs electrodes. Under illumination both anodic (at n-GaAs) and cathodic (at p-GaAs) photocurrents were observed, with redox couples located outside the band gap of the semiconductor. The measured photovoltage was linearly dependent upon the potential of the redox couple located within the band gap of the semiconductor. The photovoltage became constant, with couples lying below the valence band edge (at n-GaAs) or above the conduction band edge (at p-GaAs). The results are explained by inversion layer formation or pinning.
Behavioral Testability Insertion for Datapath/Controller Circuits

A method for test synthesis in the behavioral domain is described. The approach is based on the notion of adding a test behavior to the normal-mode design behavior. This test behavior describes the behavior of the design in test mode. The normal-mode design behavior and test-mode test behavior are combined and then synthesized by any general-purpose synthesis system to produce a testable design with inserted BIST structures. The test behavior is derived from the design behavior using testability analysis based on metrics that quantify the testability of signals and variables embedded within behaviors. The insertion method is combined with a behavioral test scheme that integrates a) the design controller and test controller, b) testing of the entire datapath and controller. Examples show that when the testability insertion procedure is used to modify a behavior before synthesis, the resulting synthesized physical implementation is indeed more easily tested than an implementation synthesized directly from the original behavior.
Quantifying recording quality in in vivo striatal recordings.

The striatum mediates a variety of functions including movement, decision-making, motivation, and reward learning. In vivo recording is a powerful technique that allows for the interrogation of these striatal functions while an animal is awake and behaving. Here, we describe equipment needed and general setup for performing in vivo electrophysiology experiments, data processing, and quantification of recording quality. While this protocol is focused on striatal recordings, concepts should translate to other structures as well. © 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Keywords: in vivo electrophysiology; striatum; recording quality; spike sorting
Activation of c-fos gene expression by a kinase-deficient epidermal growth factor receptor.

Abstract The intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has been shown to be responsible for many of the pleiotropic intracellular effects resulting from ligand stimulation [W.S. Chen, C.S. Lazar, M. Poenie, R.Y. Tsien, G.N. Gill, and M.G. Rosenfeld, Nature (London) 328:820-823, 1987; A.M. Honegger, D. Szapary, A. Schmidt, R. Lyall, E. Van Obberghen, T.J. Dull, A. Ulrich, and J. Schlessinger, Mol. Cell. Biol. 7:4568-4571, 1987]. Recently, however, it has been shown that addition of ligand to cells expressing kinase-defective EGFR mutants can result in the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (R. Campos-Gonzalez and J.R. Glenney, Jr., J. Biol. Chem. 267:14535-14538, 1992; E. Selva, D.L. Raden, and R.J. Davis, J. Biol. Chem. 268:2250-2254, 1993), as well as stimulation of DNA synthesis (K.J. Coker, J.V. Staros, and C.A. Guyer, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91:6967-6971, 1994). Moreover, mitogen-activated protein kinase has been shown to phosphorylate the transcription factor p62TCF in vitro, leading to enhanced ternary complex formation between p62TCF, p67SRF, and the c-fos serum response element (SRE) [H. Gille, A.D. Sharrocks, and P.E. Shaw, Nature (London) 358:414-417, 1992]. On the basis of these observations, we have investigated the possibility that the intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity of the EGFR may not be necessary for transcriptional activation mediated via p62TCF. Here, we demonstrate that a kinase-defective EGFR mutant can signal ligand-induced expression of c-fos protein and that a significant component of this induction appears to be mediated at the transcriptional level. Investigation of transcriptional activation mediated by the c-fos SRE shows that this response is impaired by mutations in the SRE which eliminate binding of p62(TCF). These data indicate that information inherent in the structure of the EGFR can be accessed by ligand stimulation independent of the receptor's catalytic kinase function.
Recordings from slices indicate that octopus cells of the cochlear nucleus detect coincident firing of auditory nerve fibers with temporal precision

Acoustic information in auditory nerve discharges is integrated in the cochlear nuclei, and ascends through several parallel pathways to higher centers. Octopus cells of the posteroventral cochlear nucleus form a pathway known to carry information in the timing of action potentials. Octopus cells have dendrites oriented to receive converging input from many auditory nerve fibers. In all 34 intracellular recordings from anatomically identified octopus cells in slices, shocks to the auditory nerve evoked brief, consistent, graded EPSPs. EPSPs were about 1 msec in duration. At all but the lowest shock strengths, the delays between shocks and the peaks of resultant EPSPs had SDs of 0.02 msec. Polysynaptic excitation, perhaps arising from the axon collaterals of octopus cells, was observed. No detectable glycinergic or GABAergic inhibition was evoked with shocks. The input resistances were low, around 10 M omega, voltage changes were rapid, with time constants of about 1 msec, and action potentials were small. The low input resistance resulted in part from a Cs(+)-sensitive conductance. In the presence of 10 or 15 mM extracellular Cs+ the time constants increased 20-fold in the hyperpolarizing voltage range. As several subthreshold inputs were required to produce suprathreshold responses, octopus cells detect the coincident firing of auditory nerve fibers. Under physiological conditions the low input resistance and resulting short time constant limit the time over which temporal summation of excitation from auditory nerve fibers can occur and thus provide temporal precision to electrical signaling.