cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An introduction to the governance and taxation of not-for-profit organizations

This paper provides a brief overview of the current state of the not-for-profit sector and discusses specific governance issues in not-for-profit organizations. We offer an in-depth analysis of the issues that arise when not-for-profit organizations compete against for-profit firms in the same markets. We argue that while competition by for-profit firms can discipline not-for-profit firms and mitigate their governance problems, the effects of this competition are distorted by the not-for-profits’ corporate income tax exemptions. Based on a simple general equilibrium analysis, we argue that there is little justification for such exemptions.
Multi‐Agent Distributed Coordination of Project Schedule Changes

: This article shows a practical application for Distributed Coordination framework for Project Schedule Changes (DCPSC) wherein a project can be rescheduled dynamically through negotiations by all of the concerned project participants. This article presents the design and implementation of a multi-agent system called Distributed Subcontractor Agent System (DSAS), which consists of multiple subcontractor agents, multiple Graphic User Interfaces (GUIs), and an Agent Message Router. In the DSAS, subcontractors interact with their software agents to evaluate the impact of changes, simulate decisions, and get the negotiation results that they need to reschedule the project. This also presents the design and results of DSAS charrette tests, which demonstrated that DSAS produces the lower-cost results faster than manual centralized processes. DSAS can be useful for other domains, such as Mechanical, Electrical, and Plumbing (MEP) coordination and workspace management, if the appropriate agents are designed.
Differentiated Effects of Paper and Computer-Assisted Social Stories[TM] on Inappropriate Behavior in Children With Autism.

Despite evidence from previous studies that support using Social Stories™ for problem behaviors, research conducted with more rigorous controls is needed to examine whether or not Social Stories constitute an evidence-based practice.This study employed an ABABCBC single-subject design comparing a Social Story presented in two formats across three elementary-age students with autism. Interpretation of the results documents a decrease in the frequency of problem behavior for each participant. Outcomes were slightly better for the PowerPoint™ format than for the paper format. Results were maintained in the training setting and were generalized to another setting with a single verbal prompt. Teachers reported that the PowerPoint format was easily implemented, and students indicated that they liked the computer-assisted format.
A recombinant, in-phase power divider

A topology for a planar power divider suitable for realization using conventional microstrip fabrication techniques is described. This divider is capable of exciting an odd number of output ports with either equal or unequal power division. The recombinant approach produces bandwidth comparable to that of other techniques with fewer and more easily realized elements. Design equations and an example implementation are discussed. Measured data for an octave bandwidth, three-way power divider at 10 GHz are presented. >
In Pursuit of Taste Phenotypes

Notable progress has been made relating individual differences in bitter taste sensitivity to specific alleles and TAS2R receptors, but psychophysical evidence of reliable phenotypes for other tastes has been more elusive. In this issue, Wise and Breslin report a study of individual differences in threshold sensitivity to sour and salty taste, which, though failing to find clear phenotypes, exemplifies the type of approach and analysis necessary to disentangle sources of variance inherent in the psychophysical measures applied from those attributable to true differences in sensitivity. Methodological and theoretical lessons that can be taken from this work are discussed in the context of the early and dramatic evidence of chemosensory phenotypes that belied the complexity of taste receptor genetics and focused attention solely on peripheral determinants of sensitivity.
Fredholm theory and transversality for noncompact pseudoholomorphic maps in symplectizations

We study pseudoholomorphic maps from a punctured Riemann surface into the symplectization of a contact manifold. A Fredholm theory yields the virtual dimension of the moduli spaces of such maps in terms of the Euler characteristic of the Riemann surface and the asymptotics data given by the periodic solutions of the Reeb vector field associated to the contact form. The transversality results establish the existence of additional structure for these spaces. To be more precise, we prove that these spaces are generically smooth manifolds, and therefore their virtual dimension coincides with their actual dimension.
Assessing the Impact of Power Plant Mortality on the Compensatory Reserve of Fish Populations

ABSTRACT A technique is presented to quantify the concepts of compensation and compensatory reserve in exploited fish populations. The technique was used to examine the impact of power plant mortality on a hypothetical striped bass population. Power plant mortality had a more severe impact on the compensation ratio and compensatory reserve for an exploited stock than for an unexploited stock. The technique can be applied to determine a critical compensation ratio which could serve as a standard against which additional sources of mortality, such as those caused by power plants, could be measured.
Sex Role Equality, Wet Rice Cultivation, and the State in Southeast Asia

Japanese, however, is yet to be seen. There are indications in the growing citizens' movements to curb industrial destruction of the environment, disenchantment with the social irresponsibility of the oligarchic interests, increasing governmental supports for the aged, and, more recently, violent riots by the public at the work-to-rule action of a major railway workers' union that the attitudes of the Japanese, especially those in large urban centers, are indeed gradually moving toward what seem to be Western parallels. By pointing to these indications, I do not imply that Japan will eventually transform into another Western type society. I do insist, however, that modem industrialism, aimed at the control of an ever expanding world market, cannot but effect certain profound social conflicts and subsequent changes in people's outlook that characterize many Western societies. This outlook may be neither totally Western nor purely Japanese, however they are to be reconstructed, but some mixture, amalgam, or synthesis of the two. In short, I argue, in contrast to Professor Hsu, for the importance of economy in the analysis of sociocultural development. The relationship between values and industrialization may appear more complicated elsewhere in the non-Western world, however. The complication arises chiefly from the indisputable fact that today the non-Western societies are confronted with the task of industrialization in the presence of and competition with highly developed industrial economies, mainly of the West. Industrialization is no longer an isolated or autonomous process, and powerful Western (and Japanese!) capital is establishing industries all over the world. The non-Western societies that are yet to shake off the colonial past are therefore faced with the increasing danger of deepening underdevelopment and satellite status. In these conditions, we may very well be presented with a case in which all the major industries of a society are of foreign origin, while the people who work for them draw little benefits to alter and improve their life. We must arm ourselves against the possibility of using a case of this sort as evidence for the coexistence of industrialism and a nonWestern value system. To conclude, the economic viewpoint must be holistic enough to uncover the intricate web of interaction
Scleroderris Canker Survey Using Aerial Photography

Study plots with known infection levels of Scleroderris canker were interpreted on aerial 70 mm normal color and color infrared photographic transparencies. In the interpretation procedure, five infection levels, the identifying characteristics of Scleroderris canker, and the relationships between these identifying characteristics and the infection levels of the stand were defined. The defined relationships were used to develop photointerpretation keys which were evaluated on aerial photographs of test stands by personnel likely to use the keys in practice.
The Significance of Rawls’s Law of Peoples

I defend John Rawls’s Law of Peoples against Lea Brilmayer’s criticism that it is not worth reading. The core of Lea Brilmayer’ s criticism of Rawls’s is that his approach is indefensibly “statist.” Rawls’s view is statist in the sense that it proscribes liberal states using coercive force to try to change the behavior of certain illiberal states, those that count as "decent," even if they are systematically disrespectful of certain human rights of their residents, rights that would be central to any liberal regime. I defend this statism by analogy with the thought that a liberal state would want to respect certain illiberal families by allowing them to decide how to serve the interest of their members without interference, as long as they do not go too far in doing so. I further shore up this analogy by considering the different groups of people in an illiberal society that might object to the government’s policies, and the different reasons that factor into deciding whether to use coercive force to try to change such a society. I argue that these factors show that logical space for liberal states to respect “decent” states or “peoples” is very plausible. I also defend the fact that Rawls does not extend the difference principle to international law, and acknowledge that in other ways his project is incomplete: if fails to deal with federalism and other non-state actors that are relevant to international law. But I contend that these shortcomings do not undermine the plausibility and overall value of the project.
The Road Home - An Exactly Solution for 20 out of 30 Soft-Callable Convertible Bond

In convertible bond market, it is very common to protect the conversion privilege from being called away too early by using a soft-call constraint. It stipulates is that the option can be exercise only when the underlying stock closes above a pre-set barrier for any n or more days over m consecutive trading days. Such soft-call option feature makes pricing a very challenging task. Up to now, no exact solution to this problem has been reported in literatures, which not only brings complications to convertible bond pricing but also accounting/taxing/regulation. This paper proposes an exact numerical solution to this soft-call pricing problem based on Black stock dynamic, which can provide a benchmark for other approximation approaches.
Burdens of proof: veteran frauds, PTSD pussies, and the spectre of the welfare queen

ABSTRACTThis article examines veterans’ experiences when they return from the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan and navigate the bureaucratic and gendered systems of the military-medical complex. Broadly, it focuses on the embodied struggles of veterans, such as Ethan McCord, who seek disability benefits for the official diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Drawing insight from Ethan McCord’s interactions with the Veteran’s Administration (VA) and a broader literature on veterans’ struggles to qualify for disability benefits, it maps the micro- and macropolitical ways that soldiers navigate the bureaucratic system of the VA within gendered formations of power. It argues that the bureaucratic and capitalist structures of the military-medical complex – along with the US Administration – are waging an invisible war on soldiers, veterans, military families, and military communities that has disabling effects. Particularly, it examines how the gendered and historical spectre of the underserving ‘welf...
Work-family Conflict, Work-family Culture, and Organizational Citizenship Behavior Among Teachers

Two hundred three teachers completed measures of work-family culture, work-family conflict, organizational commitment, job satisfaction, and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). Pearson correlations indicated that OCB was related negatively to work-family conflict, and positively to work-family culture, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment. Hierarchical regression analyses indicated that work-family culture predicts work-family conflict, and that various forms of work-family conflict predict OCB. Analyses also showed that work-family culture predicts both organizational commitment and OCB, and that organizational commitment does not mediate the relationship between work-family culture and OCB. The findings support the importance for schools to foster a positive work-family culture.
Predation of Heliothis virescens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Eggs by Geocoris punctipes (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae) Adults on Cotton

The impact of Geocoris punctipes (Say) predation of Heliothis virescens (F.) eggs was evaluated, using large field cages. Predator and prey densities tested were similar to average densities occurring naturally on cotton in Mississippi. The number of prey consumed per predator by intermediate predator densities (10,756 to 16,134/ha) increased significantly as prey density increased (16,134 to 48,402/ha), but the percentage of eggs consumed remained constant (1.0 to 2.0% per predator per 48 h). The similarity of these results to a type I functional response is discussed.
Development of the gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) on Garry oak and red alder in western North America

The suitability of Garry oak ( Quercus garryana ) and red alder ( Alnus rubra ) as hosts for the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), was assessed under laboratory conditions by observing larval survival, larval weights, foliage consumption, developmental period, pupal weight, and ova production. Survival was not significantly different between larvae fed Garry oak (98.7%) or red alder (97.4%). The mean maximum live larval weights were significantly different between sexes but not between diets. Females weighed 2,498 mg when fed Garry oak and 2,210 mg when fed red alder. Males weighed 894 mg when fed Garry oak and 737 mg when fed red alder. The mean amount of foliage consumed was significantly different between sexes but not diet. Female larvae consumed an average of 705 cm2 of Garry oak and 678 cm2 of red alder foliage. Male larvae consumed 247 cm2 of Garry oak and 253 cm2 of red alder foliage. The mean time from egg hatch to pupation was significantly different between sexes and diets. Female larvae pupated in 39.5 d on Garry oak and 48.1 d on red alder. Male larvae pupated in 33.4 d on Garry oak and 40.6 d on red alder. Pupal weights were not significantly different between sexes or diets. Male pupae weighed 554 mg from a larval diet of Garry oak and 572 mg from red alder. Female pupae weighed 1,846 mg from Garry oak and 1,711 mg from red alder. An average of 863 ova (Garry oak) versus 758 ova (red alder) was present in the reproductive tract of 2-d-old females, an insignificant difference. Pupal weights, frass production, and ova production were highly correlated. Nutritional indices indicated that Garry oak foliage was converted into biomass slightly more efficiently than that of red alder. These data indicated that foliage of either Garry oak or red alder provided a very suitable diet for the gypsy moth.
Adverse events in older patients undergoing ERCP: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background and study aims: Biliary and pancreatic diseases are common in the elderly; however, few studies have addressed the occurrence of adverse events in elderly patients undergoing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Our objective was to determine the incidence rates of specific adverse events in this group and calculate incidence rate ratios (IRRs) for selected comparison groups. Patients and methods: Bibliographical searches were conducted in Medline, EMBASE, and Cochrane library databases. The studies included documented the incidence of adverse events (perforation, pancreatitis, bleeding, cholangitis, cardiopulmonary adverse events, mortality) in patients aged ≥ 65 who underwent ERCP. Pooled incidence rates were calculated for each reported adverse event and IRRs were determined for available comparison groups. A parallel analysis was performed in patients aged ≥ 80 and ≥ 90. Results: Our literature search yielded 7429 articles, of which 69 studies met our inclusion criteria. Pooled incidence rates for adverse events (per 1000 ERCPs) in patients aged ≥ 65 were as follows: perforation 3.8 (95 %CI 1.8 – 7.0), pancreatitis 13.1 (95 %CI 11.0 – 15.5), bleeding 7.7 (95 %CI 5.7 – 10.1), cholangitis 16.1 (95 %CI 11.7 – 21.7), cardiopulmonary events 3.7 (95 %CI 1.5 – 7.6), and death 7.1 (95 %CI 5.2 – 9.4). Patients ≥ 65 had lower rates of pancreatitis (IRR 0.3, 95 %CI 0.3 – 0.4) compared with younger patients. Octogenarians had higher rates of death (IRR 2.4, 95 %CI 1.3 – 4.5) compared with younger patients, whereas nonagenarians had increased rates of bleeding (IRR 2.4, 95 %CI 1.1 – 5.2), cardiopulmonary events (IRR 3.7, 95 %CI 1.0 – 13.9), and death (IRR 3.8, 95 %CI 1.0 – 14.4). Conclusions ERCP appears to be safe in elderly patients, except in the very elderly who are at higher risk of some adverse events. These data on adverse event rates can help to inform clinical decision-making, the consent process, and comparative effectiveness analyses.
Gender and ethnic variations in urban park preferences, visitation, and perceived benefits.

This paper examined how gender and ethnicity are related to preferences for various park characteristics, visitation to urban parks and open spaces, and perception of park benefits as reported by p...
Defying Gravity (1852–1854)

A ball will bounce, but less and less. It's not A light-hearted thing, resents its own resilience. Falling is what it loves, and the earth falls So in our hearts from brilliance, Settles and is forgot. It takes a sky-blue juggler with five red balls To shake our gravity up. … Richard Wilbur, “Juggler” With hindsight, it seems inevitable that Thoreau should have returned to Walden . It was not quite so inevitable to him, even in September 1851 when he cast about for a project suited to his impulse for “force-ful expression” ( PJ 4, 51). By mid-January 1852 he did return to his manuscript (Sh 31), visiting the pond several times later that month and recording details he would use in his expansion of “The Ponds” in draft D (1852). And on January 22, in Medford, Massachusetts, he presented a lecture entitled “Life in the Woods at Walden” – “as refreshing a piece as the Lyceum will get from any lecturer going at present in New England,” remarked a sympathetic Alcott, who apparently read or heard the lecture beforehand ( Log 177). That same day Thoreau himself reflected on his Walden experience in a quite different spirit: “But Why I changed–? Why I left the woods. I do not think that I can tell. I have often wished myself back” ( PJ 4, 275).
Marek's Disease in Backyard Chickens, A Study of Pathologic Findings and Viral Loads in Tumorous and Nontumorous Birds.

SUMMARY Marek's disease (MD) is a major cause of mortality in backyard chickens. The diagnosis of MD is complex, however, and knowledge of Marek's disease virus (MDV) in spontaneous field cases such as in backyard chickens is largely unknown. In this study, 40 backyard chickens with a presumptive MD diagnosis based on histologic lymphoid infiltrations in peripheral nerves with and without lymphomas were investigated. Twenty-eight of the birds were submitted to the diagnostic laboratory for disease explorations, and 12 chickens were from a flock in which some members demonstrated anisocoria and pupil irregularities compatible with ocular MD. Histologic scores were established for brain, peripheral nerves, heart, lung, liver, kidney, and gonad sections, ranging from mild (+) to severe (+++) lymphoid infiltrations. Twelve chickens had gross lymphomas, and all but two chickens had mild to severe peripheral nerve lymphoid infiltrates. There were no age or breed predispositions in the study group. Quantificatio...
46 VITRIFICATION OF IMMATURE AND MATURE BOVINE OOCYTES

While vitrification has become a valuable system used in oocyte and embryo preservation, there is still much to be learned in optimizing this protocol. Both mature and immature oocytes can be vitrified but each presents challenging aspects. Mature oocytes have microfilaments that are not yet developed in immature oocytes, which are fragile and may be disrupted by ice crystal formation during freezing. Further, currently many different cryoprotectants are used in different concentrations, most being combinations of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), glycerol, and ethylene glycol. This study aimed to determine if vitrification solutions composed of ethylene glycol and either dimethyl sulfoxide or glycerol resulted in more-competent post-thaw oocytes, and to determine if maturation stage affected optimal vitrification solution. As validation of the IVF protocol, fresh mature oocytes from a commercial source were fertilized and proportion, with pronuclei formation 48 h post-IVF was recorded. Two experiments evaluated 2 cryoprotectant solutions by analysing post-vitrification and thaw competence of in vitro-fertilized oocytes to form pronuclei. Oocytes in both studies were exposed to 2 sequential vitrification solutions containing 10% DMSO or glycerol, 10% ethylene glycol and 0.5 M sucrose, and then 20% DMSO/glycerol and ethylene glycol and 0.5 M sucrose, before vitrification on cryolocks. In the first study, immature bovine oocytes (n = 200) were vitrified. Following thawing and IVM, they were analysed for pronuclei formation, with 8.49% and 0% fertilization following vitrification in DMSO and glycerol, respectively (P < 0.01). In the second study, mature oocytes were vitrified (n = 200), thawed, and fertilized using the same methods as in study 1. In total, 12.62% and 3.4% of the mature oocytes were successfully fertilized following vitrification in DMSO and glycerol, respectively (P < 0.05). Fisher’s exact test was used for all statistics in both studies. These results suggest that DMSO in combination with ethylene glycol may be superior to glycerol for vitrification of both immature and mature bovine oocytes.
Nusinersen, an antisense oligonucleotide drug for spinal muscular atrophy

Nusinersen (Spinraza) is a recently approved drug for treating spinal muscular atrophy. Approval of nusinersen may signal new opportunities for using antisense oligonucleotides as treatments for devastating neurological diseases.
Externally resonated linear microvibromotor for microassembly

A new design of a linear micro vibromotor for on-substrate fine positioning of micro-scale components is presented where a micro linear slider is actuated by vibratory impacts exerted by micro cantilever impacters. These micro cantilever impacters are selectively resonated by shaking the entire substrate with a piezoelectric vibrator, requiring no need for built-in driving mechanisms such as electrostatic comb actuators as reported previously. This selective resonance of the micro cantilever impacters via an external vibration energy field provides with a very simple means of controlling forward and backward motion of the micro linear slider, facilitating assembly and disassembly of a micro component on a substrate. The double-V beam suspension design is employed in the micro cantilever impacters for larger displacement in the lateral direction while achieving higher stiffness in the transversal direction. An analytical model of the device is derived in order to obtain, through the Simulated Annealing algorithm, an optimal design which maximizes translation speed of the linear slider at desired external input frequencies. Prototypes of the externally-resonated linear micro vibromotor are fabricated using the three-layer polysilicon surface micro machining process provided by the MCNC MUMPS service.
Src- and Fyn-dependent apical membrane trafficking events control endothelial lumen formation during vascular tube morphogenesis

Here we examine the question of how endothelial cells (ECs) develop their apical membrane surface domain during lumen and tube formation. We demonstrate marked apical membrane targeting of activated Src kinases to this apical domain during early and late stages of this process. Immunostaining for phosphotyrosine or phospho-Src reveals apical membrane staining in intracellular vacuoles initially. This is then followed by vacuole to vacuole fusion events to generate an apical luminal membrane, which is similarly decorated with activated phospho-Src kinases. Functional blockade of Src kinases completely blocks EC lumen and tube formation, whether this occurs during vasculogenic tube assembly or angiogenic sprouting events. Multiple Src kinases participate in this apical membrane formation process and siRNA suppression of Src, Fyn and Yes, but not Lyn, blocks EC lumen formation. We also demonstrate strong apical targeting of Src-GFP and Fyn-GFP fusion proteins and increasing their expression enhances lumen formation. Finally, we show that Src- and Fyn-associated vacuoles track and fuse along a subapically polarized microtubule cytoskeleton, which is highly acetylated. These vacuoles generate the apical luminal membrane in a stereotypically polarized, perinuclear position. Overall, our study identifies a critical role for Src kinases in creating and decorating the EC apical membrane surface during early and late stages of lumen and tube formation, a central event in the molecular control of vascular morphogenesis.
September 11th Survivors and the Refugee Model

This article compares the experience of people working in the area of the World Trade Centers (WTC) on September 11th to the experience of refugees. The refugee model provides a better description of survivors' experience than a diagnostic model. The author's service provision for an organization adjacent to the WTC after September 11th serves as a basis for suggesting this alternative perspective. Positive and negative aspects of diagnosing victims of disasters are discussed both in general and specifically related to post-traumatic stress disorder. Information regarding the refugee experience is presented and related to the experience of WTC survivors. Implications for framing the treatment process in similar disasters are suggested.
A Ka-band integrated active notch antenna

A Gunn device has been integrated with a coplanar waveguide resonator and a planar, endfire notch antenna. The circuit provides a power output of more than 15 mW at 37 GHz. The integrated active antenna offers advantages of small size, light weight, low cost, good reproducibility and excellent performance.
If Rockefeller Were a Coder

The Ethereum Decentralized Autonomous Organization (“The DAO”), a decentralized, smart contract-based, investment fund with assets of $168 million, spectacularly crashed when one of its members exploited a flaw in the computer code and stole $55 million. In the wake of the exploit, many argued that participants in the DAO could be jointly and severally liable for the loss as partners in a general partnership. Others claimed that the DAO evidenced an entirely new form of business entity, one that current laws do not contemplate. Ultimately, the technologists cleaned up the exploit via technological means, and without engaging in any further legal analysis, many simply concluded that the DAO, other decentralized autonomous organizations, and the Ethereum protocol itself signify opportunities to do away with legal business organizational forms as they presently exist. In this Article, I argue that precisely the opposite is true. Instead of creating a new type of corporate entity through computer code, The DAO and other smart contract-based organizations may resurrect a very old, frequently forgotten, business entity—the business trust, which Rockefeller first used to solve the technology-business organization law divide of his time. This Article offers the first analysis of blockchain-based business ventures under business organization law at three separate levels of the technology: protocols, smart contracts and decentralized autonomous organizations. The Article first reveals the practical and theoretical deficits of using partnership as the only default entity option for blockchain-based business ventures. The Article then demonstrates that incorporation and LLC formation will also pose both practical and doctrinal difficulties for some such businesses. When faced with a similar conundrum in the nineteenth century, Rockefeller turned to the common law business trust as a substitute business entity. This Article argues that if Rockefeller were a coder building a blockchain-based business, he would again turn to the business trust as an additional choice of entity. The Article concludes by considering, in light of Rockefeller’s history, whether the law should anticipate any challenges with the rise of blockchain-based business trusts.
Starch: Physical and Mental Performance, and Potential Health Problems

Abstract Starches are glucose chains readily digested by mammalian amylases. Native food starches are composed of amylose (long glucose chains with α-(1-4) linkages) and amylopectin (branched glucose polymers with α-(1-4)(1-6) linkages). Starches as functional food additives may be modified in several ways. Pregelatinization allows for more rapid cooking of starchy foods. Dextrinization by heating can create a variety of useful products such as starch with greatly increased water solubility. Esterification to form carboxymethyl-starch can improve freeze–thaw stability. Cross-linking produces starches with greater resistance to retrogradation (pudding mixes) ( Tharanathan, 2005 ). However, dietary intake of modified starches is probably generally less than 100 mg/day based on a survey of intake in the UK (Co, 2005). This review will focus on starches according to their physiological effects, characterized as rapidly digestible (RDS), slowly digestible (SDS), or resistant to mammalian enzymatic digestion, resistant starch (RS) ( Englyst et al., 1992 ).
Ibritumomab tiuxetan (Zevalin) and elevated serum human anti-murine antibody (HAMA).

Abstract Ibritumomab Tiuxetan (Zevalin) is an anti CD-20 murine monoclonal antibody linked to the radio-isotope 90-yttrium (90Y) by the chelator Tiuxetan. It is FDA approved for treatment of relapsed low grade or follicular B-cell Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (NHL) or newly diagnosed follicular NHL following an initial response to first-line chemotherapy. Patients may develop Human Anti-Murine Antibodies (HAMA), following exposure to murine antibodies. There is a concern for development of hypersensitivity reactions with Ibritumomab, especially in patients with an elevated HAMA titer. Here we describe a case of a 66 year old male with elevated HAMA titer successfully treated with Zevalin without any hypersensitivity reactions. Existing literature supports our observation that Zevalin can be safely used in most patients with elevated HAMA titers.
Design of a Low-threshold Mid-IR Silicon Raman Laser

We present the design and performance of an integrated all-silicon continuous-wave Mid-IR Raman laser with an estimated threshold power < 100 μW generating a single line with a linewidth < 10 MHz at 3.278 μm.
Skeletal weathering in central Florida: A preliminary approach for developing a scoring protocol to estimate time since death.

Abstract Regardless of region, skeletal remains deposited in subaerial contexts are subjected to a progression of taphonomic alterations. However, there are limited postmortem interval (PMI) standards developed, particularly in environments where skeletonization can occur quickly. The research purpose was to evaluate the timing and progression of early weathering alterations in two microenvironments (shaded and open) using pig carcasses (Sus scrofa) in the subtropical humid environment of central Florida. Over nine months, sun bleaching was assessed using Munsell® Soil Color Charts (2009) and scored based on percentage of the bone sun bleached, while bone weathering was further evaluated using Behrensmeyer’s (1978) stages. Results indicate that microenvironment has a significant influence, with the onset and progression of sun bleaching and Behrensmeyer’s (1978) Stages 2 and 3 occurring earlier in the open microenvironment. Sun bleaching stages and Behrensmeyer’s (1978) weathering stages can be utilized in conjunction for developing regionally specific PMI taphonomic models for different microenvironments.
LINES AND PLANES

One way of representing a curve in three dimensions is to write the equations of two surfaces which intersect in the given curve. Another useful method is that of parametric representation. This chapter discusses parametric representation for lines, symmetric equations of lines, planes, and distance from a point to a plane. Planes may be determined by various sets of conditions. Among these is one that requires a plane to be perpendicular to a specified line and to contain a given point. The chapter presents an equation for the plane so defined. Two planes are parallel if and only if their attitude numbers are proportional. A line in three dimensions is uniquely defined by two planes that intersect in the given line. As there are infinitely many planes containing a particular line, the representation is not unique. Any pair of planes from this infinity of planes will serve to describe the line.
Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacological Aspects of Polymorphic Drug Oxidation in Man

Variability in drug responsiveness between individuals is well established and considerable insight into its causes has been obtained in recent years. Much of the focus has been upon factors affecting drug disposition, and pharmacokinetic principles and concepts have made an important contribution in this area. The extension of similar modeling approaches to the analysis of the pharmacodynamic determinant has also been of value (1). In general, it is thought that the often pronounced differences in drug sensitivity result from environmental factors, including concomitant drug use, and disease state considerations interacting at many levels with an individual’s genetic characteristics. A plethora of clinical studies has demonstrated the importance of the first two components, but only limited investigation has been made of the role of genetic constitution in humans. The major reason for this is that most disposition processes, in particular drug metabolism, appear to be determined by several genes. Such polygenic control results in a continuous (unimodal) frequency distribution of the process within the population. Although considerable interindividual variation may be present, It is difficult, except by twin studies, to assess the role of genetic constitution (2,3).
Meditation and Stress

Meditation refers to a group of practices that cultivate focused attention and moment-to-moment awareness of one's experience in order to heighten the capacity to bring conscious choice to responses and reactions. Research supports the value of both concentrative and mindfulness meditation in improving physiological well-being, emotional regulation, behavioral choice, relation to self and others, and spiritual growth.
An intelligent interface for integrating climate, hydrology, agriculture, and socioeconomic models

Understanding the interactions between natural processes and human activities poses major challenges as it requires the integration of models and data across disparate disciplines. It typically takes many months and even years to create valid end-to-end simulations as different models need to be configured in consistent ways and generate data that is usable by other models. MINT is a novel framework for model integration that captures extensive knowledge about models and data and aims to automatically compose them together. MINT guides a user to pose a well-formed modeling question, select and configure appropriate models, find and prepare appropriate datasets, compose data and models into end-to-end workflows, run the simulations, and visualize the results. MINT currently includes hydrology, agriculture, and socioeconomic models.
Facing Digital Agriculture Challenges with Knowledge Engineering

Knowledge Engineering is key to enable knowledge extraction, representation and reasoning, leading to better business insights and decisions. Current advances in machine learning and new trends in AI are bringing a plethora of algorithms capable of performing advanced pattern recognition and data classification. The ability to link, to organize and to query the outputs of these algorithms as well as the ability to handle huge amounts of data and its multiple sources is crucial to maximize the potential of such advances, specially over large datasets. This paper presents challenges in the context of digital agriculture and our position in moving forward with these capabilities whilst using knowledge engineering techniques.
Optical coherence tomography for in vivo imaging of endocardial to mesenchymal transition during avian heart development

The endocardial to mesenchymal transition (EndMT) that occurs in endocardial cushions during heart development is critical for proper heart septation and formation of the heart’s valves. In EndMT, cells delaminate from the endocardium and migrate into the previously acellular endocardial cushions. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging uses the optical properties of tissues for contrast, and during early development OCT can differentiate cellular versus acellular tissues. Here we show that OCT can be used to non-invasively track EndMT progression in vivo in the outflow tract cushions of chicken embryos. This enables in vivo studies to elucidate factors leading to cardiac malformations.
The problem of measurement bias in comparing selected subgroups.

Estimates of subgroup differences are routinely used as part of a comprehensive validation system, and these estimates serve a critical role, including evaluating adverse impact. Unfortunately, under direct range restriction, a selected mean ( μt' ) is a biased estimator of the population mean μx as well as the selected true score mean μt' . This is due partly to measurement bias. This bias, as we show, is a factor of the selection ratio, the reliability of the measure, and the variance of the distribution. This measurement bias renders a subgroup comparison questionable when the subgroups have different selection ratios. The selected subgroup comparison is further complicated by the fact that the subgroup variances will be unequal in most situations where the selection ratios are not equal. We address these problems and present a corrected estimate of the mean difference, as well as an estimate of Cohen's d* that estimates the true score difference between two selected populations, (μtA'-μtB')/σt . In addition, we show that the measurement bias is not present under indirect range restriction. Thus, the observed selected mean μt' is an unbiased estimator of selected true score mean μty' . However, it is not an unbiased estimator of the population mean μy . These results have important implications for selection research, particularly when validating instruments.
Transitioning Out of an Urban Domestic Violence Emergency Shelter: Voices of Survivors.

Domestic violence (DV) shelters play a critical role for survivors and lead to a range of positive outcomes for families. However, transitioning in and out of temporary homelessness involves a rang...
Model interatomic potentials for Fe–Ni–Cr–Co–Al high-entropy alloys

A set of embedded atom model (EAM) interatomic potentials was developed to represent highly idealized face-centered cubic (FCC) mixtures of Fe–Ni–Cr–Co–Al at near-equiatomic compositions. Potential functions for the transition metals and their crossed interactions are taken from our previous work for Fe–Ni–Cr–Co–Cu [D. Farkas and A. Caro: J. Mater. Res. 33 (19), 3218–3225, 2018], while cross-pair interactions involving Al were developed using a mix of the component pair functions fitted to known intermetallic properties. The resulting heats of mixing of all binary equiatomic random FCC mixtures not containing Al is low, but significant short-range ordering appears in those containing Al, driven by a large atomic size difference. The potentials are utilized to predict the relative stability of FCC quinary mixtures, as well as ordered L12 and B2 phases as a function of Al content. These predictions are in qualitative agreement with experiments. This interatomic potential set is developed to resemble but not model precisely the properties of this complex system, aiming at providing a tool to explore the consequences of the addition of a large size-misfit component into a high entropy mixture that develops multiphase microstructures.
High-level ceftaroline resistance in a paediatric patient with invasive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection without previous ceftaroline exposure.

What is known an objective Our objective is to report a paediatric case of high-level ceftaroline resistance without previous ceftaroline exposure. Case description A 20-month-old, 12 kg, female with invasive MRSA infection presented with high-level ceftaroline resistance with no previous ceftaroline exposure. What is new and conclusion To our knowledge, our case is the first report of high-level ceftaroline resistance evident in a paediatric patient with invasive infection due to MRSA, without history of prior ceftaroline exposure. This case illustrates the importance of weighing the risk of resistance with the benefits of use when starting therapy empirically prior to susceptibility results, even in patients without previous drug exposure.
Modelling the origins of legume domestication and cultivation

Ladizinsky’s (1987) mathematical model of the domestication of lentils and other Near Eastern legumes is invalid. Ladizinsky believed that the model predicts that high rates of seed harvesting would lead to fixation, in wild populations, of genes conferring lack of seed dormancy (a domesticated trait). In fact, however, the model gives rapid fixation of alleles for non-dormancy underall circumstances; gathering by humans has no effect on allelic frequencies. It appears that in these species cultivation must have preceded the morphological changes that distinguish domesticated from wild plants. The addition of more realistic assumptions to the model does not alter this conclusion. I suggest several scenarios that could explain Near Eastern legume domestication: the most plausible of these postulates that cultivation of cereals led to scheduling conflicts which necessitated the abandonment of harvesting of wild legumes, and hence the initiation of their cultivation. Mathematical modelling may be able to contribute to our understanding of agricultural origins, but it must be carried out with greater rigor and closer attention to the theoretical literature.
Heavily Obscured Active Galactic Nuclei in High-redshift Luminous Infrared Galaxies

We take advantage of the rich multiwavelength data available in the Chandra Deep Field South (CDF-S), including the 4 Ms Chandra observations (the deepest X-ray data to date), in order to search for heavily obscured low-luminosity active galactic nuclei (AGNs) among infrared-luminous galaxies. In particular, we obtained a stacked rest-frame X-ray spectrum for samples of galaxies binned in terms of their IR luminosity or stellar mass. We detect a significant signal at E ~ 1-8 keV, which we interpret as originating from a combination of emission associated with star formation processes at low energies combined with a heavily obscured AGN at E > 5 keV. We further find that the relative strength of this AGN signal decays with decreasing IR luminosity, indicating a higher AGN fraction for more luminous IR sources. Together, these results strongly suggest the presence of a large number of obscured AGNs in IR-luminous galaxies. Using samples binned in terms of stellar mass in the host galaxy, we find a significant excess at E = 6-7 keV for sources with M > 1011 M ☉, consistent with a large obscured AGN population in high mass galaxies. In contrast, no strong evidence of AGN activity was found for less-massive galaxies. The integrated intensity at high energies indicates that a significant fraction of the total black hole growth, ~22%, occurs in heavily obscured systems that are not individually detected in even the deepest X-ray observations. There are also indications that the number of low-luminosity, heavily obscured AGNs does not evolve significantly with redshift, in contrast to the strong evolution seen in higher luminosity sources.
Fentanyl-induced wooden chest syndrome masquerading as severe respiratory distress syndrome in covid-19

Introduction: Wooden chest syndrome (WCS) is a rare and often fatal reaction to fentanyl where airways and chest wall musculature become rigid through α1-noradrenergic activation and cholinergic modulation causing ineffective ventilation.1-4 This dose-independent response is more easily diagnosed in non-ventilated patients either in the operating room or who overdose recreationally.2,4,5 In ventilated patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) it can be difficult to distinguish from poor lung compliance. We describe a case of a previously healthy male with COVID-19 on mechanical ventilation who developed WCS.Case: A 47-year-old previously healthy male was admitted for COVID-19 pneumonia requiring high-flow nasal cannula. On hospital day 11, he was intubated and placed on lung protective ventilation for moderate ARDS (PaO2/FiO2 192). On ventilator day (VD) 2 a fentanyl infusion was started. After 36 hours, hypoxemia improved but plateau pressures were consistently <30 cm H2O necessitating a decrease to 4 cc/kg after minimizing dead space within the ventilator circuit. A trial of airway pressure release ventilation worsened hypercarbia and bronchoscopy did not reveal mucous plugging, airway collapse, or purulent secretions. Worsening lung compliance (PPlat 50 on 4 cc/kg) without change in oxygenation raised suspicion for WCS, so fentanyl was discontinued. Within one hour, plateau pressures nadired at 16 and the ventilator was changed to pressure support. The patient was successfully extubated on VD 10.Discussion: Differentiating low lung compliance in classical ARDS from disproportionately compliant hypoxemia in COVID-19-induced ARDS is an ongoing point of research in the thoracic community.6-9 The novelty of this paradigm allows potential to overlook less common, if not rare, complications such as fentanyl-induced WCS. Our patient's poor compliance despite relatively quick improvement in oxygenation countered available evidence on COVID-19 lung physiology, prompting suspicion for an alternative explanation for his poor ventilation. With descriptions of WCS limited to case reports we found that onset and severity of initial signs (contraction of the chest wall, diaphragm, and abdominal and laryngeal muscles2) can be masked in mechanically ventilated patients. Inadequate ventilation can be interpreted as manifestations of high airway and alveolar pressure making it difficult to differentiate it from classical ARDS and ultimately increasing ventilator use duration. To our knowledge, this is the first report of WCS in a patient with COVID-19 associated ARDS. It demonstrates that when mechanically ventilated COVID-19 patients receiving fentanyl have poor lung compliance and oxygenation improves disproportionately faster than ventilation, WCS should be considered.