cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The BCL6 Oncoprotein Forms Distinct Transcriptional Repression Complexes on Cohorts of Target Genes Involved in Specific Cellular Functions.

The BCL6 (B-Cell-Lymphoma-6) oncoprotein is required for formation of germinal centers by normal B-cells and is frequently constitutively activated in B-cell lymphomas. BCL6 is a transcriptional repressor of the BTB/POZ - zinc finger family of proteins. Transcriptional repressors are generally believed to function by binding to specific DNA sequences in target promoters and then recruiting a cohort of corepressor proteins that physically alter the chromatin structure of the locus leading to silencing. BCL6 can recruit several different corepressors. Accordingly, N-CoR, SMRT and BCoR bind to the BTB domain of BCL6, the NuRD complex binds to the second repression domain and ETO binds to the C-terminal zinc finger domain. These proteins recruit additional corepressors such as HDACS, thus forming multi-protein complexes. BCL6 is involved in both licensing germinal center B-cells for survival as well as blocking differentiation to memory or plasma cells. However, we found that blockade of the BCL6 BTB domain with a specific inhibitor causes only apoptosis but not differentiation of B-cells. In order to identify BCL6 target genes and the mechanism through which they are silenced, we performed extensive ChIP on chip analysis of BCL6, its corepressors, and their chromatin signatures using tiled oligonucleotide arrays containing 1.5 KB of 24,000 promoters. These were performed in the presence or absence of BCL6 shRNA and other BCL6 inhibitor molecules, in tandem with expression arrays as a functional readout. We also performed in depth ChIP on chip experiments using custom arrays, where sets of entire BCL6 target loci were tiled through with overlapping oligos. From these studies we i) identified a large cohort of direct BCL6 target genes involved in apoptosis, cell damage, protein degradation and differentiation that provide critical insight into the mechanism of action of BCL6 in normal and malignant B-cells; ii) discovered that cohorts of BCL6 direct target genes involved in different pathways are regulated by specific corepressors, which are mutually exclusive in their binding to BCL6 target loci, iii) that BCL6 can repress genes through a variety of different mechanisms with unique chromatin signatures. Thus, previously unrecognized mechanisms exist in transcriptional repression, that determine formation of specific corepressor complexes. Using this information, we have been able to re-activate discrete cohorts of BCL6 target genes controlled by specific corepressors, resulting in specific biological effects such as apoptosis or differentiation of lymphoma cells. These results provide fundamental insights into the transcriptional and biological mechanism of action of BCL6 in B-cells.
Glutaredoxin-1 Deficiency Causes Fatty Liver and Dyslipidemia by Inhibiting Sirtuin-1

Abstract Aims: Nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) is a common liver disease associated with metabolic syndrome, obesity, and diabetes that is rising in prevalence worldwide. Various molecular perturbations of key regulators and enzymes in hepatic lipid metabolism cause NAFL. However, redox regulation through glutathione (GSH) adducts in NAFL remains largely elusive. Glutaredoxin-1 (Glrx) is a small thioltransferase that removes protein GSH adducts without having direct antioxidant properties. The liver contains abundant Glrx but its metabolic function is unknown. Results: Here we report that normal diet-fed Glrx-deficient mice (Glrx−/−) spontaneously develop obesity, hyperlipidemia, and hepatic steatosis by 8 months of age. Adenoviral Glrx repletion in the liver of Glrx−/− mice corrected lipid metabolism. Glrx−/− mice exhibited decreased sirtuin-1 (SirT1) activity that leads to hyperacetylation and activation of SREBP-1 and upregulation of key hepatic enzymes involved in lipid synthesis. We found that GSH ad...
Improving Early Reading Skills in Young Children Through an iPad App: Small-Group Instruction and Observational Learning

This study evaluated the effectiveness of using a researcher-developed iPad app with a 0- to 5-s constant time delay procedure to improve phonological awareness skills of young children with mild d...
Ceftaroline for the treatment of osteomyelitis caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: a case series

Despite limited clinical data, ceftaroline is commonly used for treatment of complicated, invasive infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). A retrospective chart review was conducted of adult patients receiving ceftaroline for MRSA osteomyelitis admitted between April 2011 and March 2016 at a five-hospital system. Twelve patients met the inclusion criteria. All patients received prior antimicrobial therapy with a median time to switch to ceftaroline of 45.5 days. Five of the 12 patients (41.7%) met criteria for ceftaroline failure. Patients with vertebral osteomyelitis (58%) had a longer length of stay, longer ceftaroline treatment, but similar success rates to those with non-vertebral osteomyelitis (57% vs. 60%). Ceftaroline is a viable alternative for a challenging patient population that has failed or are unable to receive other therapies.
Piperacillin-induced Thrombocytopenia in a Dual Heart and Kidney Transplant Patient: A Case Report.

Abstract Background The present study reports a case of piperacillin-induced thrombocytopenia in a dual heart and kidney transplant patient on January 28, 2016 (taking mycophenolate mofetil and tacrolimus). Before the transplant, the patient was treated with Zosyn twice, with no reports of thrombocytopenia or allergy. However, he was diagnosed with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia and vancomycin allergy during each of those hospitalizations, respectively. Eight months after the transplant, the patient presented with infectious symptoms and was started on Zosyn. Results One day after starting Zosyn, the patient experienced a drop in platelet count from 6,000/μL from 216,000/μL. Platelets decreased as low as 1 on day 3 of hospitalization. Administration of mycophenolate mofetil, tacrolimus, Bactrim, vancomycin, Zosyn, ranitidine, and Rivaroxaban were discontinued. Platelet counts stabilized the day after Zosyn was discontinued and slowly increased after the patient was treated with 2 doses of intravenous immunoglobulin, 4 units of platelets, and a tapered dose of prednisone. Conclusions The patient was initially diagnosed with vancomycin-induced thrombocytopenia but then tested positive for antibodies to piperacillin and negative for antibodies to vancomycin and tazobactam. The patient was discharged with a diagnosis of piperacillin-induced thrombocytopenia. This case report presents a case of piperacillin-induced thrombocytopenia, previously misdiagnosed as vancomycin-induced thrombocytopenia and heparin-induced thrombocytopenia.
P6 Differences in the modified disablement in the physically active scale in those with and without chronic ankle instability

Study Design Case-control. Objectives Verify the factor structure of the modified Disablement in the Physically Active Scale (mDPA) and compare the physical summary component (PSC) and mental summary component (MSC) in those with and without chronic ankle instability (CAI). Background Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) provide information about a patient’s health status from the patient’s perspective. The mDPA has become a common PRO for physically active patients; however, the factor structure of this instrument has not been verified. Additionally, there is limited evidence that has examined generic PROs, such as the mDPA, in CAI patients. Methods and Measures One hundred and eighteen people with CAI (females=79; age:23.56±4.88 y, height:169.80±10.09 cm, weight:73.38±15.45 kg) and 81 healthy controls (females=56; age:22.91±2.79 y, height:167.52±11.82 cm, weight:67.05±10.64 kg) participated. All subjects completed the 16-item mDPA, which included the PSC and MSC. On both subscales, higher scores represented greater disablement. To examine the model fit of the mDPA, single-factor and two-factor (i.e., PSC and MSC) structures were tested. Group differences were examined using independent t-tests with corresponding effect sizes (ES) (p≤0.05). Results Inspection of model fit indices for both models showed the two-factor structure to possess adequate fit to the data, χ2(101)=275.58, p Conclusions The two-factor structure of the mDPA was verified which confirms the use of the PSC and MSC. Individuals with CAI reported greater disablement; particularly on the PSC, when compared to healthy controls. The clinical relevance of the MSC group difference requires additional investigation based on the moderate ES. Overall, these results indicate the mDPA is a generic PRO that can be utilised in the evaluation and rehabilitation of patients with CAI.
Investigation of Pristine and (Mo, W)-Doped Cu11V6O26 for Use as Photoanodes for Solar Water Splitting

The development of new and inexpensive semiconductor electrodes that possess suitable band gap energies and band positions for solar water splitting is of great interest in the field of solar fuel production. In this study, n-type Cu11V6O26 that has a band gap energy of 1.9 eV was produced as a pure, high-quality photoanode, and its properties and stability for photoelectrochemical water splitting were systematically investigated in pH 9.2 and 13 solutions. As Cu11V6O26 photoanodes appeared to suffer from poor charge transport properties, Mo and W doping into the V site was also examined, which considerably improved the photocurrent generation of Cu11V6O26. The band gap energy, band edge positions, flatband potential, photocurrent generation, and photostability of pristine and doped Cu11V6O26 electrodes are discussed in comparison to elucidate the effect of Mo and W doping and to evaluate the promise and limitations of Cu11V6O26 as a photoanode for use in a water splitting photoelectrochemical cell.
An information theoretic approach to system optimization accounting for material variability

Differentiating material anomalies requires a measurement system that can reliably inform the user/classifier of pertinent material characteristics. In past work, we have developed a simulation framework capable of making simulated x-ray transmission and scatter measurements of virtual baggage. Using this simulated data, we have demonstrated how an information-theoretic approach to x-ray system design and analysis provides insight into system performance. Moreover, we have shown how performance limits relate to architectural variations in source fluence, view number, spectral resolution, spatial resolution, etc. However, our previous investigations did not include material variability in the description of the materials which make up the virtual baggage. One would expect the material variability to dramatically affect the results of the information-theoretic metric, and thus we now include it in our analysis. Previously, material information was captured as energy-dependent mean attenuation values. Because of this, material differentiation can always become easier with an improvement in SNR. When there is no variation to obscure class differences, improvements in SNR will indefinitely improve performance. Therefore, we saw a monotonic increase of the metric with source fluence. However there is inherent variability in materials from chemical impurities, texturing, or macroscopic variation. When this variability is accounted for, we better understand system performance limits at higher SNR as well as better represent the distributions of material characteristics. We will report on the analysis of real world system geometries and the fundamental limits of performance limits after incorporating these material variability improvements.
The Mediation of Experience and Educational Technology: A Philosophical Analysis

This philosophical excursion into the foundations of educational technology begins by considering the nature of knowing and learning from the media, as well as stating the assumptions of the paper. The foundations of educational technology — the systems approach, systems theory, and behaviorism - are explicated. Then, I state and discuss four philosophical propositions for considering the mediation of experience and educational technology: a) Learning is a constructive activity so technologies should liberate, not constrain learners; b) media produce an event ontology separate from personal experience; c) mediation is a phenomenological process; and d) media provide existential access to the world’s knowledge and to internal aspects of the self.
Upper esophageal dysphagia due to marked cervical lordosis.

Abstract A 62-year-old patient had upper esophageal dysphagia secondary to curvature and marked lordosis of the cervical spine. Hypertrophic spurring and cervical osteophytes are known to cause difficulty in swallowing solids, but cervical lordosis is an unusual cause of upper esophageal dysphagia.
Review of Transport Equations and Properties

The transport of heat and species generated by the chemical reactions is an essential aspect of most combustion processes. These transport processes can be described by the conservation equations commonly used in fluid and heat transfer analysis of engineering problems. Additional terms in the mass, momentum, and energy conservation equations account for the effects of the chemical reactions. This chapter briefly discusses heat and mass transfer, the equations governing combustion systems (conservation of mass, species, momentum, and energy), the normalization of the conservation equations, and simple expressions for the variation of viscosity, conductivity and diffusivity.
Decolonial Rhetoric and a Future Yet-to-Become: A Loving Response

In this response essay, I engage three reviews written by Kent A. Ono, Lisa Flores, and Vincent N. Pham of my book, The New York Young Lords and the Struggle for Liberation (Temple University Press...
The Battle of Zallaqa Between Mythos to Logos

This chapter examines written accounts of the Battle of Zallaqa within the framework of a mythos-logos binary. The battle took place in 1086 in the southwest region of al-Andalus (modern Spain and near the Portuguese border) between Alfonse VI, King of Castille and Galicia (r. 1077–1109), and al-Mu‘tamid Ibn ‘Abbad, Prince of the emirate of Seville (r. 1061–1091). My texts include two poems composed in the immediate aftermath of the battle and an account taken from a historical encyclopedia written in the fifteenth century. The poems were composed by the Sicilian exile ‘Abd al-Jabbar Ibn Hamdis (d. 1133), a court poet at the ‘Abbad Court in Seville, and the historical account was penned by Muhammad Ibn ‘Abd al-Mu’min al-Himyari, some 400 years after the battle. In reading the works of poet and historian in juxtaposition, I attempt to show that a period of gradual change in the relation between Arabic poetry and prose had been in perpetual motion. My goal is to show that these texts, poetry and [historical] prose, tap into literarity and historicity in equal measure, share common tropes and themes, and cross each other’s discursive boundaries all the while telling the same story in oddly similar ways.
Structural Detectability of Faults in Discrete-Time Affine Systems

In this paper we propose a necessary and sufficient graphical condition for fault detection in structured affine systems where only the sparsity structure of system and fault matrices are known. The fault detection for such systems enables one to distinguish between the outputs of a nominal model and a faulty model within $T$ time-steps. The resulting graphical condition involves checking for the existence of certain walks between pairs of vertices. Subsequently, we provide a simple algorithm to check for this condition and illustrate it via an example.
Microcephalic Newborn with Forehead Nevus Flammeus, Bulging Eyes, and Clenched Fists

A 35-day-old growth-restricted black female infant presents with a triangular head, glabellar nevus flammeus, exophthalmos, flexion contractures of hands, micro-retrognathia, and stridor (Fig, A and B). Figure. A. Glabellar nevus flammeus, exophthalmos, hypertelorism and triangular shaped head. B. Microretrognathia and anteverted nares. ### Prenatal and Birth Histories ### Presentation The infant was transferred to the NICU from an outside hospital at 1 month of age because of poor feeding, stridor, and multiple dysmorphic facial features. ### Vital Signs–Day 35 ### Physical Examination–Day 35
Binding of acid and basic dye at varied pH by blood and bone marrow cells of man, with observations of blood and bone marrow stained with Serra's method for arginine.

In acid solution, tissues tend to acquire a net positive charge and bind acid dye; binding of basic dye is enhanced in basic solution where tissues tend to possess a net negative charge. A measure of the acid or basic strength of a given tissue structure is afforded by its ability to bind basic or acid dye over a range of pH. The capacity of blood cell components to bind light green and methylene blue in the pH range 0.05 to 12.3, and their affinity for eosin after acetylation and treatment with nitrous acid, procedures used to block or destroy primary and secondary amines and guanidino groups, was studied. Observations were also made of blood smears stained with the Serra test for arginine. Erythrocytes bound light green through pH 12.3 and methylene blue to pH 6.0. The ground substance of white blood cells and immature blood cells stained with light green through about pH 9 consistently, and often to pH 11: methylene blue was bound through approximately pH 4.0. Eosinophilic granules bound light green through pH 12.0, and did not bind methylene blue. Basophilic granules bound methylene blue in the pH range 8.0 to 1.0 but were dissolved in more acid and basic solutions: they bound no acid dye. Neutrophilic granules were stained with methylene blue through pH 5.3. Nuclei of immature blood cells and monocytes bound methylene blue to about pH 4.0: polymorphous nuclei and nuclei of lymphocytes and normoblasts were stained very faintly to pH 0.05. Many nuclei bound light green to about pH 12.0. Nuclear and cytoplasmic acidophilia was reduced or destroyed by acetylation or treatment of smears with nitrous acid. Nuclei and cytoplasm of blood cells were stained with the Serra test. Eosinophilic granules were stained strongly. The cytochemical significance of certain experimental findings have been discussed.
Preliminary Study of Sodium Chloride Tolerance of Rudbeckia fulgida var. speciosa ‘Goldsturm’, Heuchera americana ‘Dale's Variety’ and Aquilegia × cultorum ‘Crimson Star’ Grown in Greenhouse Conditions

Abstract Heuchera americana ‘Dale's Variety’, Aquilegia × cultorum ‘Crimson Star’ and Rudbeckia fulgida var. speciosa ‘Goldsturm’ were grown in a soilless medium and watered weekly with either 0.00...
Arriving Aliens, Custody, and Interagency Determinations Post Jennings

Currently, federal statutes and regulations give the Department of Homeland Security vast authority to detain noncitizens in a variety of categories. Immigration authorities have applied that detention authority to persons with a credible claim to U.S. citizenship, a practice that poses grave tensions to the U.S. rule of law because U.S. citizens are guaranteed constitutional and statutory protection from deportation, removal, and immigration detention. This essay argues briefly that the statutory mandatory detention provisions for arriving aliens do not apply to persons with a credible claim to U.S. citizenship. Further, this essay argues that regulations prohibiting or eliminating administrative judicial review of Department of Homeland Security detention decisions of arriving aliens who have a credible claim to U.S. citizenship are inconsistent with the reorganization of immigration functions in 2003 and must be revised to allow for administrative review of the decision whether to detain during the administrative process.
Vignette responses and future intentions in a health decision-making context: How well do they correlate?

Introduction Vignettes are commonly used to assess health care decision making when it is impractical or unethical to use experimental methods. We sought to determine whether decisions made in response to hypothetical vignettes requiring medical decisions for self or parents related to reported future likelihoods of engaging in similar behaviors. Method Respondents (n = 1,862) were adults recruited in person in general community settings. Individuals were assigned randomly to read 1 of a variety of vignettes that presented various medical problems being experienced either by oneself or a parent in a hypothetical context. Individuals reported their likelihoods of hiring a health care advocate to perform a variety of tasks in the context of the vignette and their likelihoods of hiring a health care advocate for themselves or their own parents in the future. Multigroup analysis was performed to estimate a latent variable path model for the vignette hiring questions and real-world future intention to hire by condition. Results The configural model was retained. Tests of invariance for the correlation between future intentions to hire and the latent variable from the vignette decision making indicated a significant difference between self and parent conditions. However, moderate relationships existed between vignette responses and future intentions in both conditions, with approximately 25% of the variance in personal, future intentions being accounted for by vignette responses. Discussion Our findings support the continued study of vignettes as a possible tool to measure behavioral intentions in the context of positive and negative health care decisions impacting self and others. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
Quality of life improves significantly after real-world oral immunotherapy for children with peanut allergy.

Abstract Background Peanut oral immunotherapy (POIT) is a novel and active form of treatment for patients with peanut allergy, with multiple research studies supporting its efficacy and safety. However, there are limited data available on changes in patients' quality of life (QoL) after successful desensitization. The Food and Drug Administration in the United States recently approved the first POIT drug for commercial use. Objective To evaluate the QoL of patients with peanut allergy receiving POIT in a real-world academic setting. Methods Twenty-one patients aged 4 to 17 years with a physician-established diagnosis of peanut allergy were offered POIT. Quality-of-life scores were assessed with the use of a validated Food Allergy Quality of Life questionnaire. Changes in quality-of-life scores were measured for each patient before and after POIT. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare the distributions of scores before and after therapy. Results We noted a statistically significant drop (reflecting improvement in the QoL) in the overall Food Allergy Quality of Life score (median 3.70 vs 2.97, P = .049) between baseline and successful desensitization to 300-mg peanut protein. In addition, the Social and Dietary Limitations subscale score (median 4.33 vs 2.89, P = .02) and the Food Allergy Independent Measure score (median 3.17 vs 2.22, P = .001) also improved significantly after therapy. Conclusion We report a significant improvement in the overall QoL before and after POIT treatment, with fewer concerns about accidental exposures and severity of allergic reactions as well as fewer limitations in dietary choices and social interactions.
Revision of Failed First Metatarsophalangeal Joint Implant

Revision surgeries, as well as conversions from implants to arthrodesis, can present unique challenges to the foot and ankle surgeon. Proper perioperative planning assists in optimizing the outcome of the procedure. In general, some amount of bone loss and/or shortening of the first metatarsal takes place, leading to the need for augmenting the site with bone graft or a synthetic substitute. Fixation also plays a key role in obtaining a successful conversion. A solid construct combined with bone graft assists the foot and ankle surgeon in achieving an optimal outcome.
The Key to Antibiotic Stewardship Is Combining Interventions

* Abbreviation: DART — : Dialogue Around Respiratory Tract Illness Treatment More than 10 million antibiotics are unnecessarily prescribed to children in the United States every year, contributing to increasing antibiotic resistance and adverse drug events. The reasons for inappropriate antibiotic prescribing in ambulatory pediatrics are multifactorial, including patient pressures and demand, actual or perceived parental satisfaction, provider knowledge, and provider time constraints.1,2 An effective approach to decreasing inappropriate antibiotic prescribing must therefore address each of these contributing factors. Reflective models of adult learning theory are based on the premise that we learn best when we are told (1) what we are supposed to do, (2) how we should do it, and (3) receive feedback to reflect on how we did.3,4 In this issue of Pediatrics , Kronman et al,5 in their clinical trial based on the theory of planned behavior, also seem to recognize that clinicians are adult learners, and they combine interventions to implement these adult learning theory tenets to improve appropriate antibiotic prescribing. In their cluster-randomized stepped-wedge clinical trial among pediatric providers across the United States, they use (1) … Address correspondence to Rana F. Hamdy, MD, MPH, MSCE, Division of Infectious Diseases, Children’s National Hospital, 111 Michigan Ave NW, West Wing 3.5, Suite 100, Washington, DC 20010. E-mail: rhamdy2{at}childrensnational.org
Mapping Atmospheric Corrosivity in Shandong

Air pollution can significantly accelerate the process of material corrosion, which may cause significant economic losses and serious safety incidents. Atmospheric corrosion maps provide atmospheric corrosivity in a given geographic scope, which can guide the designers to select the most suitable anti-corrosion materials for outdoor projects, also provide useful information for maintenance. This article investigated mapping of atmospheric corrosivity in Shandong Province, China. In order to obtain atmospheric corrosivity data, 100 exposure corrosion test sites were established in Shandong according to International Standard Organization (ISO) 8565. Hot-dip galvanized steel samples were exposed for 1 year in the test sites. Taking the results of exposure corrosion test as the data, inverse distance weighting (IDW) and ordinary kriging (OK) interpolation algorithm were used to estimate the atmospheric corrosivity of Shandong Province according to ISO 9223. The validity of OK and IDW was compared in developing atmospheric corrosion maps of Shandong Province on a 1 × 1 km resolution. The cross-validation results showed that OK interpolation algorithm with Gaussian semivariogram model get the best result in the prediction of corrosion rate. When the corrosion category was used as the criterion, the IDW interpolation algorithm of power 4 performed best, predicted results of 74 sites (n = 100) were consistent with observed. However, high mean relative errors (MRE more than 37%) and relatively low correlation (R2 about 24%) indicated that the prediction results of the two interpolation algorithms had a large error, which was caused by the low data density and the complicated corrosive factors of the atmosphere.
Online Sampling of Temporal Networks

Temporal networks representing a stream of timestamped edges are seemingly ubiquitous in the real world. However, the massive size and continuous nature of these networks make them fundamentally challenging to analyze and leverage for descriptive and predictive modeling tasks. In this work, we propose a general framework for temporal network sampling with unbiased estimation. We develop online, single-pass sampling algorithms, and unbiased estimators for temporal network sampling. The proposed algorithms enable fast, accurate, and memory-efficient statistical estimation of temporal network patterns and properties. In addition, we propose a temporally decaying sampling algorithm with unbiased estimators for studying networks that evolve in continuous time, where the strength of links is a function of time, and the motif patterns are temporally weighted. In contrast to the prior notion of a △ t-temporal motif, the proposed formulation and algorithms for counting temporally weighted motifs are useful for forecasting tasks in networks such as predicting future links, or a future time-series variable of nodes and links. Finally, extensive experiments on a variety of temporal networks from different domains demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms. A detailed ablation study is provided to understand the impact of the various components of the proposed framework.
Parent-Child Loss of Consortium Claims: It's Time to Bury an Antiquated Analogy

There is a split of authority in Ohio on whether a parent can recover loss of consortium damages for injury to an adult child. This article examines the development of parent-child loss of consortium claims in Ohio and argues that courts should allow parents to recover loss of consortium damages for injuries to adult children.
An Argument for Teaching The Marne: A Long Overlooked Example of Wharton’s Wartime Writings

Most critical attention to Wharton, an extremely successful novelist in her time, centers on a few of her famous and popular novels, leaving other works that were influential in their contemporary moment neglected by later generations of critics. One such overlooked work is the novella, The Marne, which was published in 1918. The Marne illustrates to a great extent cultural, political, and social debates in the years preceding the entry of the United States into World War I. It also has the advantage of being short, which means it can be included in several kinds of survey courses in American literature. This chapter presents a semester plan for teaching The Marne, including sample discussion questions, a capstone writing project, and resources for studying the historical context of the work. Students are asked to make an argument for why or why not The Marne is an important contribution to American literary study. They also speculate on what accounts for the continuing lack of respect for and attention to Wharton’s war writings.
Practice habits in anesthesiology resident education: The impact of feedback using data analytics

Abstract Background The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) has annually asked residents about several aspects of their education including whether they have received data about practice habits. However, the term “practice habits” is not clearly defined, allowing for varied interpretation. A working definition of practice habits was developed at the Renaissance School of Medicine Department of Anesthesiology at Stony Brook University, guided by educational program leadership utilizing information retrievable from the electronic health record (EHR). We used this information to provide practice habits data to anesthesiology residents. We hypothesized that the provision of practice habits feedback would lead to increased compliance on ACGME surveys. Methods Several parameters were extracted from the EHR of every resident surgical case during their training years from 2017 to 2019. Each resident received feedback on those measures and de-identified aggregate data on trainees at the same training level. The ACGME survey data on practice habits were compared pre- to post-implementation of feedback provision. Results The program scored compliance rates above the national mean for two consecutive years after implementation of the new feedback system: 79% vs 71% in 2017–2018, and 95% vs 71% in 2018–2019. Conclusions Existing EHR data sources may serve as useful resources for residency programs to provide real-world feedback to trainees on their practice habits and inform program leadership about trainee progress and program gaps. Such feedback allows for peer-comparisons and identification of gaps in skills training and facilitates improved program compliance rate in the ACGME survey.
Varied Contribution of Phospholipid Shedding From Membrane to Daptomycin Tolerance in Staphylococcus aureus .

It has been suggested that daptomycin can be inactivated by lipids released by Staphylococcus aureus and that this effect is antagonized by phenol soluble modulins (PSMs), which bind to the shed lipids. PSM production is regulated by the Agr system, and others have shown that loss of the Agr function enhances S. aureus survival in the presence of daptomycin. Here we assessed the impact of Agr function on daptomycin activity and lipid metabolism under various conditions. Daptomycin activity was evaluated against three series of isogenic strain series with wild-type or dysfunctional Agr using static daptomycin time-kills over 24 hrs and against one strain pair using in vitro pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) models simulating clinical daptomycin exposure for 48 hrs. We performed comprehensive lipidomics on bacterial membranes and the spent media to correlate lipid shedding with survival. In static time-kill experiments, two agr-deficient strains (SH1000- and USA300 LAC ΔagrA) showed improved survival for 8 hrs compared with their corresponding wild-type strains as seen in previous studies, but this difference did not persist for 24 hrs. However, four other agr-deficient strains (SH1001 and JE2 agr KOs) did not demonstrate improved survival compared to isogenic wild-type strains at any time in the time-kills. Lipidomics analysis of SH1000, SH1001, and SH1000- strains showed daptomycin exposure increased lipid shedding compared to growth controls in all strains with phosphatidylglycerols (PGs), lysylPGs and cardiolipins predominating. In the cell pellets, PGs and lysylPGs decreased but cardiolipins were unchanged with daptomycin exposure. The shed lipid profiles in SH1001 and SH1000- were similar, suggesting that the inability to resist daptomycin by SH1001 was not because of differences in lipid shedding. In the PK/PD model, the agr mutant SH1000- strain did not show improved survival relative to SH1000 either. In conclusion, inactivation of daptomycin by shed lipids may be dependent on genetic background, the specific agr mutations, or the techniques used to generate these KOs rather than the overall function of the Agr system, and its contribution to daptomycin tolerance seems to be varied, transient, and growth-condition dependent.
Unraveling the Transport and Fate of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Through Coupling Fluvial Geomorphic Modeling and Measured Data

Coastal zones receive upstream runoff and sediments, as well as the contaminants transported with sediments and flow. Constant urban growth in many coastal areas has raised an increasing concern about stream and floodplain contamination. This is a particularly challenging issue because fluvial hydraulics in the coastal zone is complex, due to the presence of backwater (BW) conditions which alter flow patterns and sediment transport regime. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are persistent organic pollutants that are widely distributed in urban areas and can be transported through stormwater runoff and by sediment facilitated transport. Even though this is a widespread problem in urban areas, the relationship between fluvial deposition and concentrations of PAHs is largely uninvestigated. To fill this gap, this paper investigates the correlation between PAHs concentration and sediment deposition in a backwater zone, using the lower Darby Creek, PA as a case study. A BW geomorphologic model was used to simulate the hydraulics of the flow in Darby Creek. The model identified locations of high and low shear stresses, erosion, and deposition of fluvial sediment. Twenty-eight core sediment samples, capturing a range of soil depths, were collected from the bed, the banks, and the floodplains of the creek and were analyzed for PAHs on a GC-MS. The results showed that PAHs concentrations were generally highest on depositional banks and were highly variable on the channel bed and in the floodplain. A comparative analysis was done to investigate the relationships between PAHs concentration in the soil, hydraulic regime, channel geometry, modeled shear stress, and soil depth. This analysis provides deeper insight into the transport and fate of PAHs in urban streams and floodplains, ultimately helping mitigate the impacts of pollutants on the environment.
Modulation of the Human Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Immune Microenvironment by Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy.

PURPOSE Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) is an emerging treatment modality for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), which can effectively prime cytotoxic T cells by inducing immunogenic tumor cell death in preclinical models. SBRT effects on human PDAC have yet to be thoroughly investigated; therefore, this study aimed to characterize immunomodulation in the human PDAC tumor microenvironment following therapy. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Tumor samples were obtained from patients with resectable PDAC. Radiotherapy was delivered a median of 7 days prior to surgical resection, and sections were analyzed by multiplex IHC (mIHC), RNA sequencing, and T-cell receptor sequencing (TCR-seq). RESULTS Analysis of SBRT-treated tumor tissue indicated reduced tumor cell density and increased immunogenic cell death relative to untreated controls. Radiotherapy promoted collagen deposition; however, vasculature was unaffected and spatial analyses lacked evidence of T-cell sequestration. Conversely, SBRT resulted in fewer tertiary lymphoid structures and failed to lessen or reprogram abundant immune suppressor populations. Higher percentages of PD-1+ T cells were observed following SBRT, and a subset of tumors displayed more clonal T-cell repertoires. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that SBRT augmentation of antitumor immunogenicity may be dampened by an overabundance of refractory immunosuppressive populations, and support the continued development of SBRT/immunotherapy combination for human PDAC.
Ethnographic Methods for Experimental Design: Case Studies in Visual Search

Researchers at Sandia National Laboratories are integrating qualitative and quantitative methods from anthropology, human factors and cognitive psychology in the study of military and civilian intelligence analyst workflows in the United States’ national security community. Researchers who study human work processes often use qualitative theory and methods, including grounded theory, cognitive work analysis, and ethnography, to generate rich descriptive models of human behavior in context. In contrast, experimental psychologists typically do not receive training in qualitative induction, nor are they likely to practice ethnographic methods in their work, since experimental psychology tends to emphasize generalizability and quantitative hypothesis testing over qualitative description. However, qualitative frameworks and methods from anthropology, sociology, and human factors can play an important role in enhancing the ecological validity of experimental research designs.
Abstract 16190: Master Cardiac Transcription Factor MESP1 is Highly Expressed in Adult Human CD34+ Hematopoietic Stem Cells and its Levels are Modulated by Body Mass Index

Background: Adult human CD34+ stem cells (SCs) differentiate to both blood and vascular cell lineages, and may have benefit in ischemic heart and limb disease. Given the similar differentiation potential of CD34+ SCs with embryonic hemangioblasts, the objective of our study was to determine if adult human CD34+ SCs utilize a similar molecular mechanism to differentiate as found in development. Methods: Human CD34+ lin- SCs were sorted from bone marrow (BM), and peripheral blood (PB) mononuclear cells from twelve subjects without heart disease. Colony forming assays confirmed differentiation to blood lineages. Unsorted pBMNCs were retained as a non-stem cell, negative control. Total RNA was extracted from equal numbers of cells, and quantitative PCR (qPCR) for relative transcript expression. qPCR data was normalized to two invariant transcripts using the ΔΔCt method, and significant differences in transcript levels determined by ANOVA. Univariate analyses identified correlations in transcript level with clinical variables (age, sex, BMI, blood pressure), and significance determined by Pearson’s correlation. Results: Transcript levels of CD34, CD133, TAL1/SCL and MIXL1 were present at 20 fold higher levels in CD34+ SCs from BM and PB relative to unsorted pBMNCs. VEGFR2, but not Neuropilin-1, was abundantly expressed (14 fold higher, p Conclusions: The master cardiac transcription factor MESP1 is abundantly expressed in adult human CD34+ stem cells, and MESP1 mRNA inversely correlates with body mass index. The findings represent novel evidence for the embryonic transcription factor MESP1 in the biology of adult human CD34+ SCs, and suggest obesity decreases MESP1 levels.
IMAGING CHARACTERISTICS OF INTRATHORACIC HISTIOCYTIC SARCOMA IN DOGS

In this retrospective study, two observers independently reviewed thoracic imaging studies of 39 dogs with confirmed histiocytic sarcoma. The most common findings were intrathoracic lymphadenopathy, identified by the first and second observers in 82.1% and 87.2% of dogs, respectively, and pulmonary masses (74.4% and 82.1%). Right middle lung lobe masses were significantly more common than masses in any other lung lobe (P < 0.0013), with the majority having a ventral distribution. Sternal and tracheobronchial lymphadenopathy were significantly more common than cranial mediastinal lymphadenopathy (P-values of 0.0002 and 0.012, respectively). Interobserver agreement regarding distribution of lymphadenopathy and pulmonary masses was good (kappa = 0.64 and 0.75, respectively). Other findings included pulmonary nodules, pleural effusion, and abnormal pulmonary patterns. In patients with CT examinations, the majority of masses were mildly to moderately enhancing and heterogeneous, poorly marginated, and bronchocentric. Lymphadenopathy and pulmonary masses are the most common intrathoracic findings in dogs with histiocytic sarcoma, and the strong predilection for the ventral aspect of the right middle lung lube may help to differentiate it from other types of neoplasia.
Head Start's Comparative Advantage: Myth or Reality?

In recent years, Head Start's prominent role in preparing low-income 4-year-olds for school has been affected by rapid growth in state-funded pre-K programs, some of which are based in public schools. This has led to questions about the comparative advantages of these two approaches to early education. An analysis of data from Tulsa, Oklahoma, indicates that the school-based pre-K program is more effective in improving early literacy outcomes, while Head Start is more effective in improving health outcomes. The two programs are comparable with regard to early math learning. Social–emotional effects are more subtle, but the school-based pre-K program has demonstrable positive effects, while the Head Start program does not.
PAROXYSMAL TACHYCARDIA IN INFANTS AND CHILDREN: Study of 41 Cases

Forty-one cases of paroxysmal tachycardia in infants and children were studied. Male infants under four months of age with idiopathic tachycardia seem to represent a separate group among these children and can be contrasted with the group of patients over four months of age where males and females with tachycardia of known or unknown etiology are equally represented. Congestive failure develops in the majority of the young infants with paroxysmal tachycardia but only in a minority of the older children. Two factors which have a bearing on the development of congestive failure are duration of tachycardia at rates more than 180/min. and the age of the patient. Twenty-nine patients showed electrocardiographic characteristics of supraventricular tachycardia; nine children had paroxysmal auricular flutter; three showed ventricular tachycardia. The recommended drug for termination of supraventricular tachycardia and auricular flutter is digitalis nativelle or its equivalent. The optimal digitalizing dose corresponds to 1.0 to 1.2 mg./M2 of body surface or .02 to .03 mg./0.5 kg. body weight. This amount should be administered in 12 to 24 hours. Ventricular tachycardia, it was found, responds well to quinidine. As a maintenance dose for supraventricular tachycardia and auricular flutter, the authors recommend one-tenth of the digitalizing dose daily for at least one week, possibly longer. Quinidine is probably useful in preventing recurrences of ventricular tachycardia and of the tachycardias of the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. The prognosis for life is good. Recurrences within the first year are likely; beyond that period, only the older children and those representing the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome have further attacks.
Glutamate neurons in hypothalamus regulate excitatory transmission

The hypothalamus is the crucial part of the brain that regulates homeostasis throughout the body. It governs the endocrine and autonomic nervous systems, temperature, heart rate, emotional and motivational states, reproduction, energy and water balances, and circadian rhythms. In contrast to the prevailing belief that hypothalamic neurons use peptides, neuromodulators, or other slow-acting agents as their principal neuroactive substances, we present data indicating that the primary excitatory transmitter released by medial hypothalamic neurons is glutamate. This surprising new evidence is based on three converging approaches: Immunogold cytochemistry revealed that some hypothalamic neurons and their processes in vitro contained high amounts of immunoreactive glutamate. Ca2+ digital video imaging showed that cytoplasmic Ca2+ levels of cultured neurons, elevated because of spontaneous presynaptic release of a hypothalamic transmitter, were reduced by perfusion with the selective glutamate receptor antagonists cyano-2,3-dihydroxy-7-nitroquinoxaline and 2-aminophosphonovaleric acid. Electrophysiological analysis of whole-cell patch-clamp recordings from single and pairs of monosynaptically coupled hypothalamic neurons in culture showed that virtually all spontaneous and evoked EPSPs appear to be mediated by synaptic secretion of glutamate.
Complementary Angles and Inclusive Perspectives: Rounding Out Integrative Views of Material Culture

Crafting Gender: Women and Folk Art in Latin America and the Caribbean. Eli Barta, ed. Durham: Duke University Press, 2003. 244 pp. Clothing the Pacific. Chloe Colchester. Oxford: Berg, 2003. 215 pp. Wedding Dress across Cultures. Helen Bradley Foster and Donald Clay Johnson, eds. Oxford: Berg, 2003. 227 pp.
Hypertonic glucose infusion during labor. Maternal-fetal serum insulin relationships.

Determinations of serum immunoreactive insulin (IRI) were done in venous samples from 22 normal women in labor before and after receiving a 10 minute intravenous infusion of glucose. Serial samples were also obtained from the scalps of their fetuses during the 90 minute period of observations. An early and sustained serum insulin response to the infusion was observed in the mothers, but the fetal IRI response was not evident until 40 minutes after the end of the infusion. The highest fetal IRI values were observed approximately one hour after the fetal blood glucose peak. A transplacental load of glucose to the human fetus seems to produce a delayed IRI response similar to that seen in normal newborn infants after intravenous glucose tolerance tests.