cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Characterization Of Atmospheric Effects On Target Contrast

A methodology is presented that, for the first time, allows characterization of the atmospheric effects on the propagation of target contrast. The two elements of target contrast are inherent contrast as seen closeup or in the near-field and propagated contrast as produced by the degradation of the inherent target and background radiation in propagating from closeup to engagement range or in the far-field. Atmospheric effects can produce dynamic changes in these two elements. Examples of these changes are presented as well as features or metrics of target contrast which can be used to quantify them. The technology for quantifying changes in target contrast was developed at the U.S. Army Atmospheric Sciences Laboratory, and the equipment is termed the Target Contrast Characterizer (TCC). The basic concept is to simultaneously compare matched images from two imagers--one in the near-field and the other in the far-field--along a common line of sight. For example, if one imager with a 1X lens is used to view a target from 100 m and a second imager is used to view the same target simultaneously with a 10X lens from 1 km, their fields of view will have a common window in the target plane. The ability to compare the images from these two imagers in real-time was made possible by the use of a unique real-time image processing system. This system was developed in the course of an in-house laboratory independent research project of the authors. The application of this real-time image processor to one-to-one comparison of the two matched target scenes allows, for the first time, the separation of the changes in target contrast due to propagation between the near-field and the far-field positions from the changes in the inherent or near-field contrast. In addition, temporal changes of the inherent contrast can be quantified by monitoring the change in the near-field imagery. The TCC already has a wide range of military applications which include assisting the development of aided target recognition systems as well as improved design and performance testing of weapons used to engage enemy targets. The real-time image processing techniques, proof of principle guidelines, and several applications of this technology are detailed.
Drawing practices in image-enabled collaboration

Advances in image-making tools have greatly increased our opportunities to use images to collaborate. Much current research in the area of visualization focuses on building systems to generate visual representations of large data sets. A small but growing subset of this research focuses on collaborative aspects of information and data visualization. In order to expand the scope of collaborative visualization research, a qualitative study examined the role that spontaneous drawing practices play in face-to-face conversations. Empirical examples describe the creation and use of drawing as a form of social interaction. This study provides a methodological and theoretical basis for viewing the process of generating a visual artifact in a collaborative context from an interactional sociolinguistic perspective. Findings identify affordances of drawing related to both material object (artifact) and communicative performance (activity). Implications for design are discussed in terms of both refined heuristics and enhanced features for image-enabled collaborative tools.
Conflict Strategies Adolescents Use with Their Parents: Testing the Cognitive Communicator Characteristics Model

This study examined the determinates of adolescents' confict strategy choice during conflict with their parents. Grounded in Giles & Street's (1985) Cognitive Communicator Characteristics Model, it predicted that during minimally salient conflict with their parents, adolescents' strategy choice would be driven by the behavioural dispositions associated with their self-esteem, while in highly salient conflict, adolescents' strategy use would be induced by parental strategy use, a situational cue. Results did not support the idea that behavioural dispositions associated with self-esteem would emerge in minimally salient conflict; however, adolescents' strategy choice was affected by parental strategy choice in highly salient conflict. Adolescents tend to reciprocate cooperative strategies in all conflict conditions but in highly salient conflict they also reciprocate competitive conflict strategies.
Filamentation and undulation of self-focused laser beams in liquid crystals

We describe an experimental and theoretical study of a low-power, continuous-wave laser beam interacting with a nematic liquid crystal. Experimental observations show strong self-focusing, the onset of beam undulation and filamentation. A coupled-field model is presented and reduced through a separation of scales perturbation argument. This analysis shows that the light-nematic interaction is very different from conventional self-focusing in Kerr (nonlinear Schrodinger) media, and it provides a new optical setting for the study of the physics of complex nonlinear patterns.
Topography of lower extremity SSEP components: comparison of those with median nerve SSEP

Abstract The scalp recorded somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEP) following the stimulation of lower extremity nerve (tibial nerve) consists of P17, P24, P31, N35, N37 and P40. Accumulating evidences suggest that the far-field potentials of P17 and P31 arise from the distal portion of the sacral plexus and brainstem, respectively. These correspond to P9 and P14 of the median nerve SSEPs, respectively. The spinal potential of N23 is equivalent to the N13 cervical potential of the median nerve SSEP. N35 recorded from the ipsilateral hemisphere is analogous to N18 of the median nerve. Paradoxically lateralized P40 is the primary positivity generated at the mesial cortical surface, and it more likely corresponds to P26 of the median nerve SSEP. Thus, the first cortical potential corresponding to N20 is probably a small and inconsistent N37 recorded on the contralateral hemisphere. The somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEP) components of lower extremity nerve stimulation should have comparable components with those of upper extremity nerve SSEP. However, neuroanatomical substrates of lower extremity SSEP has been less well explored and delineated as compared with those of upper extremity SSEP. This is because the recording of lower extremity SSEPs from the scalp or from the spine is technically more difficult and the waveforms are less consistent and more individually variable compared with upper extremity SSEPs. Cervical N13, scalp-recorded P14, N18, and N20 of upper extremity SSEPs are all consistently recordable (obligatory) components, whereas the corresponding potentials of lumbar N23 and scalp P31, N35, and N37, respectively, are not necessarily obligatory components. Recording far-field potentials of P9, P11, P13 and P14 after upper extremity nerve stimulation is relatively easy and can be readily applied to the clinical patients, but recording of the corresponding far-field potentials for lower extremity SSEPs is far more difficult and practically impossible to apply routinely to clinical patients. In this communication, we discuss the neuroanatomical substrate and topographies of lower extremity SSEP comparing with those of upper extremity SSEP.
Activation of melanoma tyrosinase by a cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase in a cell-free system

REGULATION of pigmentation is of considerable importance throughout the animal kingdom. Photoprotection, social behaviour, and a number of disorders like albinism, vitiligo, and melanoma are affected by the amount and distribution of melanin in the organism. Melanin is synthesised in melanosomes beginning with the oxidation of tyrosine to dihydroxy-phenyalanine (DOPA) by the enzyme tyrosinase. In Cloudman S91 melanoma cells, tyrosinase activity and melanisation are stimulated by elevated intracellular levels of cyclic AMP1, apparently through the inactivation of an inhibitor of tyrosinase2. We initiated a series of experiments to identify the molecules controlling tyrosinase activity. Kuo and Greengard's observations on the widespread occurrence of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinases throughout the phyla suggested that protein phosphorylation reactions might be involved3. We describe here a cell-free system in which tyrosinase is activated following the addition of a cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase isolated from melanoma cells. The kinetics of the reaction in the cell-free system are similar to those in intact cells. The activation of tyrosinase is completely dependent on the protein kinase and is enhanced by cyclic AMP, ATP, and magnesium. The activation involves the removal of an inhibitor of tyrosinase; in addition, a phosphoprotein phosphatase is present which is distinct from the inhibitor but which appears to antagonize the kinase-mediated reaction.
Comparison of Space Station version of ASTROMAG with two free-flyer versions

Abstract This report compares the Space Station version of ASTROMAG with free-flyer versions of ASTROMAG which could fly on an Atlas IIA rocket and a Delta rocket. Launch with either free-flyer imposes severe weight limits on the magnet and its cryogenic system. Both versions of ASTROMAG magnet which fly on free-flying satellites do not have to be charged more than once during the mission. This permits one to simplify the charging system and the cryogenic system. The He II pump loop which supplies helium to the gas cooled electrical leads can be eliminated in both of the free-flyer versions of the ASTROMAG magnet. This report describes the superconducting dipole moment correction coils which are necessary for the magnet to operate on a free-flying satellite.
Anthropogenic impacts and historical decline in body size of rocky intertidal gastropods in southern California

Abstract The diverse fauna and flora of rocky intertidal ecosystems are being impacted by the activities of rapidly increasing coastal populations in many regions of the world. Human harvesting of intertidal species can lead to significant changes in body sizes of these taxa. However, little is known about the temporal trajectories of such size declines and more importantly, the long-term effects of chronic human impacts. Furthermore, it is unclear whether sizes of species not directly targeted for harvesting are also declining through indirect effects. Here we use historical (extending back to 1869) and field survey data covering 200 km of mainland southern California coast to show that human activities have led to significant and widespread declines in body sizes of rocky intertidal gastropod species over the last century. These declines, initiated several decades ago, are continuing and contrary to expectation, they are not restricted to species harvested for human consumption. Data from the only national park in this area, where conservation laws are strictly imposed, demonstrate that negative ecological impacts can be ameliorated if existing laws are enforced.
The biological week and broader time structures (chronomes): in memory of Gunther Hildebrandt.

Data illustrating the biological week and chronomes are presented in recognition of extensive work of G. Hildebrandt.
Cryofiltration Apheresis and Plasma Fractionation Causing Anaphylactoid Reactions in Patients Receiving Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors

Abstract: Severe anaphylactoid reactions and even death have been reported in hemodialysis patients using certain membrane dialyzers while receiving angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. We report mild to moderate anaphylactoid reactions in 4 patients receiving plasmapheresis with on-line membrane filters after being placed on ACE inhibitors. Of 21 patients receiving 497 plasma fractionation procedures, only the 2 patients who were receiving ACE inhibitors developed anaphylactoid reactions. Of 28 patients who had 680 cryofiltration procedures, only 2 of 5 patients who were taking ACE inhibitors developed anaphylactoid reactions. All patients developed facial flushing, increased warmth, bradycardia, and hypotension after approximately 1/2 to 1 L of plasma was processed during the procedures. Only a few procedures caused severe hypotension requiring discontinuation of the procedure. We quantified vasodilatory mediators in 1 patient, who developed pronounced symptoms. Results were obtained for 6-keto PGF1α, PGD-M, and methyl his-tamine in plasma. In addition, in the same patient, 2,3 dinor 6-keto PGF1α and methyl histamine were quantified in urine samples. Our results showed that plasma and urinary metabolites were not grossly elevated although they did increase slightly. Mild to moderate anaphylactoid reactions were observed in some patients on ACE inhibitors receiving plasma fractionation or cryofiltration apheresis. This was resolved by discontinuing either the ACE inhibitor, plasma fractionation, or cryofiltration apheresis.—
Race in America (a review article)

Richard F. America, Developing the Afro‐American Economy, Lexington, 1977. £8.75. Hubert M. Blalock, Black‐White Relations in the 1980s, Praeger, 1979. £11.00. Everett F. Cataldo, Michael W. Giles and Douglas S. Gatlin, School Desegregation Policy, Lexington, 1978. £9.50. Edward Greer, Big Steel: Black Politics and Corporate Power in Gary, Indiana, Monthly Review Press, 1979, £9.00. Bruce Johansen and Robert Maestas, Wasi'chu: The Continuing Indian Wars, Monthly Review Press, 1979, £8.00. Elizabeth Hafkin Pleck, Black Migration and Poverty: Boston 1865–1900, Academic Press, 1979. £9.80. Frank D. Wilson, Residential Consumption, Economic Opportunity, and Race, Academic Press, 1979. £9.60.
Virtual reality in neurosurgical education: part-task ventriculostomy simulation with dynamic visual and haptic feedback.

OBJECTIVE: Mastery of the neurosurgical skill set involves many hours of supervised intraoperative training. Convergence of political, economic, and social forces has limited neurosurgical resident operative exposure. There is need to develop realistic neurosurgical simulations that reproduce the operative experience, unrestricted by time and patient safety constraints. Computer-based, virtual reality platforms offer just such a possibility. The combination of virtual reality with dynamic, three-dimensional stereoscopic visualization, and haptic feedback technologies makes realistic procedural simulation possible. Most neurosurgical procedures can be conceptualized and segmented into critical task components, which can be simulated independently or in conjunction with other modules to recreate the experience of a complex neurosurgical procedure. METHODS: We use the ImmersiveTouch (ImmersiveTouch, Inc., Chicago, IL) virtual reality platform, developed at the University of Illinois at Chicago, to simulate the task of ventriculostomy catheter placement as a proof-of-concept. Computed tomographic data are used to create a virtual anatomic volume. RESULTS: Haptic feedback offers simulated resistance and relaxation with passage of a virtual three-dimensional ventriculostomy catheter through the brain parenchyma into the ventricle. A dynamic three-dimensional graphical interface renders changing visual perspective as the user's head moves. The simulation platform was found to have realistic visual, tactile, and handling characteristics, as assessed by neurosurgical faculty, residents, and medical students. CONCLUSION: We have developed a realistic, haptics-based virtual reality simulator for neurosurgical education. Our first module recreates a critical component of the ventriculostomy placement task. This approach to task simulation can be assembled in a modular manner to reproduce entire neurosurgical procedures.
Hydrodynamic numeric modeling of the Lagoon of Venice

This paper describes two hydrodynamic numeric models and their application to the Lagoon of Venice, Italy. The models are based on the same mesh, bottom topography, boundary conditions, and spatial distribution of the bottom friction coefficient (Chezy coefficient). Although quite different in structure, both models ultimately provide sea level fluctuation and current speed at each mesh-point as functions of time. The first model numerically integrates the time-dependent, nonlinear, hyperbolic shallow water equations, written in conservation form, with a space-staggered leapfrog-type (time dense) scheme. The model is suited to episode simulation and is a particularly useful tool for system management and control. The second model is suited to long-term simulations and models only the astronomic tide; it solves a hybrid (differential-algebraic) system resulting from semilinearization of the shallow water equations under harmonic assumptions for the tide. Because of the superior computational efficiency of this second model, it has been used in conjunction with Powell's algorithm to identify the a priori unknown spatial distribution of the Chezy parameter. If the same Chezy distribution is fed into the two models, there can be obtained a complete, self-calibrating, consistent modeling tool for tidal basins with arbitrary geometric configurations and boundary conditions in the presence of hydraulic works.
Ligand binding specificity of a neutral L-amino acid olfactory receptor.

1. 1. The ligand binding specificity of the l-[3H]alanine binding site was investigated in isolated cilia preparations from the olfactory epithelium of channel catfish (Ictahurus punctatus) by competitive binding experiments. 2. 2. Approximately 45 amino acids, derivatives and enantiomers were tested for the ability to compete with radiolabeled l-alanine for common binding sites. 3. 3. Acidic and basic l-amino acids and imino acids did not compete as effectively as l-alanine for the receptor, while long-chain neutral ligands were only partially effective inhibitors of l-alanine binding. 4. 4. d-Alanine and l-alanine derivatives with substituted α-amino or carboxyl groups exhibited decreased ability to compete for the receptor, paralleling their lower neurophysiological potency. 5. 5. In combination, the ligand binding results were consistent with previous electrophysiological data in catfish, and suggest the presence of an olfactory receptor site that selectively recognizes short-chain neutral amino acids.
Inversion of aerosol data from the epiphaniometer

The epiphaniometer is a new instrument for continuous monitoring of the Fuchs surface of aerosol particles using the attachment of neutral radioactive 211Pb atoms to the particles. Since the 211Pb atoms have a half-life of 36.1 min, the ability of the epiphaniometer to detect short-term fluctuations in the Fuchs surface of the aerosol is limited. To overcome this drawback a general algorithm developed for the inversion of size distribution data from conventional aerosol instruments is adapted for the inversion of data from the epiphaniometer. This algorithm allows resolution of dramatic changes in the aerosol Fuchs surface occurring over a time scale of minutes. The method is applied to data collected during outdoor smog chamber experiments, with changes in aerosol concentration of several orders of magnitude occurring within a time period of 5 min. The inverted epiphaniometer data are in agreement with the corresponding data from a Scanning Electrical Mobility Spectrometer (SEMS) and an Optical Particle Counter.
Visual and Postural Constraints in Coordinated Movements of the Head in Hand Reaching Tasks

The purpose of the present study is to investigate movements of the head spatially and temporally coordinated with hand reach movements simulating industrial assembly tasks. The motions recorded from thirty subjects performing reach movements with the right hand toward eccentric targets indicate that 1) hand movement onset lags head movement onset with a duration proportional to target eccentricity; 2) the head does not aim directly at a target, but travels only a fraction of target eccentricity and often deviates away from the target substantially; and 3) head movements are constrained by the strategy of either controlling the head position in space or controlling head rotation about the torso. These results indicate that head movements are constrained by both visual and non-visual factors. While the major function of the head is to displace the visual gaze toward the target, non-visual constraints, which include postural coordination with whole body movements, also significantly affect head movements.
Fluorescent probes in model membranes. II. Monolayer studies of 2,2'-(vinylenedi-p-phenylene)bisbenzoxazole, d-3-aminodesoxyequilenin and N-octadecylnaphthyl-2-amino-6-sulfonic acid with host-lipid tetradecanoic acid.

Abstract Film studies at the air-water interface have been carried out for pure films of 2,2′-(vinylenedi-p-phenylene)bisbenzoxazole (VPBO), d-3-aminodesoxy-equlenin (EQ) and N-octadecylnapthyl-2-amino-6-sulfonic acid (ONS), and for mixed films with tetradecanoic acid for the first two fluorescent probes. Pure film isotherms indicate highly rigid non-monomolecular films for both VPBO and EQ, revealing the presence of strong intermolecular forces. In mixed films with tetradecanoic acid VPBO rapidly segregates with resultant film loss over a wide concentration range. EQ, however, can be stabilized by the host-lipid at low concentrations. This, coupled with an ability to only slightly affect the host-lipid liquid-condensed/liquid-expanded phase change, suggests that EQ can be regarded as “non-perturbing” and should be retained in condensed lipid phases. ONS, because of its unusual polar headgroup, resembled hexadecanoic acid more than octadecanoic acid. While difficulties in spreading ONS precluded the study of mixed films, the indications are that it would be a satisfactory expanded lipid state probe if mixing can be brought about.
Outcome of access site in patients treated with platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors in the era of closure devices

The most consistent procedural predictor of vascular access site complications thus far has been the intensity and duration of anticoagulant therapy during and after percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI). Several devices have been developed to aid in the closure of the femoral arteriotomy. This report describes the clinical outcome of unsuccessful deployment of femoral closure devices in a cohort of 285 consecutive patients who underwent PCI and were treated with platelet glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa inhibitors. Manual femoral artery compression was used in 123 patients, Perclose in 123 patients, and AngioSeal in 39 patients. Successful homeostasis was achieved in 98.4% of patients who received manual compression, in 91.9% of the Perclose-sealed arteriotomy, and in 84.6% of patients who received the AngioSeal closure device (P = 0.004). The incidence of vascular complications after successful deployment was 9%. Patients not achieving hemostasis with closure device or 1° manual compression developed complications in the majority of cases (> 80%; P < 0.05). By multivariate analysis (with adjustment for baseline differences), the use of AngioSeal closure device was found to be an independent risk factors leading to primary deployment failure and all access site complications (OR 2.97; 95% CI 1.5–6.0; P = 0.006). In summary, failed hemostasis by artery closure devices in patients undergoing PCI who are treated with GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors is associated with significant vascular complications. AngioSeal may be associated with a higher failure rate, while manual compression and Perclose seem to be more effective with a lower complication rate. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2003;58:1–5. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Method of measuring doped-diamond-film thermal conductivity using infrared thermography

Experimental techniques were developed for the measurement of CVD doped-diamond film thermal conductivity. Three solutions were derived, one each for 1D, 2D, and radial heat flow. Parameters such as characteristic length, film resistivity and thickness were chosen from the model to reduce convective effects, obtain the desired temperature rise, and minimize the uncertainty in the estimation of the thermal conductivity. A diamond film specimen of doped and nondoped diamond layers deposited on a silicon substrate was designed and fabricated. A circular region was chemically etched from the substrate to expose a free-standing diamond diaphragm, 3 mm in diameter. An infrared imaging temperature acquisition system was implemented to improve spatial, temporal, and mechanical limitations posed by contact sensors. Preliminary results for the thermal conductivity were obtained using the method of least squares to minimize the error between the measured temperatures recorded by the infrared temperature acquisition system and the calculated temperatures determined by the optimal radial heat flow model. The thermal conductivity was determined to be 240 +/- 11 W/m K.
Active galactic nuclei jet mass loading and truncation by stellar winds

Active galactic nuclei can produce extremely powerful jets. While tightly collimated, the scale of these jets and the stellar density at galactic centres implies that there will be many jet/star interactions, which can mass load the jet through stellar winds. Previous work employed modest wind mass outflow rates, but this does not apply when mass loading is provided by a small number of high mass-loss stars. We construct a framework for jet mass loading by stellar winds for a broader spectrum of wind mass-loss rates than has previously been considered. Given the observed stellar mass distributions in galactic centres, we find that even highly efficient (0.1 Eddington luminosity) jets from supermassive black holes of masses M BH ≤ 10 4 M ⊙ are rapidly mass loaded and quenched by stellar winds. For 10 4 M ⊙ < M BH < 10 8 M ⊙ , the quenching length of highly efficient jets is independent of the jet's mechanical luminosity. Stellar wind mass loading is unable to quench efficient jets from more massive engines, but can account for the observed truncation of the inefficient M87 jet, and implies a baryon-dominated composition on scales ≥2 kpc therein even if the jet is initially pair plasma dominated.
Topographical changes along the neural fold associated with neurulation in the hamster and mouse

The topography of the ectoderm was examined by scanning electron microscopy during neurulation in hamster and mouse embryos. Stages from the appearance of the neural folds to closure of the posterior neuropore were studied. Progressive development of a zone of altered cellular morphology was observed along the crests of the neural folds. This zone evolved from and abrupt transition between surface and neural regions of the ectoderm to a narrow band of flattened cells which exhibited numerous membranous “ruffles” in the mouse, or blebs and presumably degenerating cells in the hamster, immediately prior to contact between the folds. These alterations were more prominent along the anterior than the posterior portions of the folds. Contact of the folds occurred first between the flattened cells with subsequent union of the surface cells. Stages of neural crest cell formation were observed subjacent to the zone of alterations in histological sections. It is suggested that the observed surface alterations may reflect changes in the membrane properties of the altered cells which are correlated with both neural crest formation and initial adhesion between the folds.
Common Patterns of Service Use in Children's Mental Health.

Evaluators and program administrators need simple multivariate descriptions of mental health service utilization. This study demonstrates the utility of cluster analytic patterns of care in a sample of 979 children receiving formal mental health services. Six patterns were identified: (a) brief outpatient; (b) extended outpatient; (c) hospital with outpatient; (d) non-residential more-than-outpatient; (e) extended residential; and (f) atypical heavy-service outliers. Children in high-cost clusters had above-average clinical severity. Children in a continuum of care used three patterns (b, d and e) more often, while those served through a traditional fee-for-service system used two clusters (a and c) more often. Service utilization clusters provide a useful and easily-understood vocabulary for summarizing children's quantity of use of various mental health services.
Correction and supplements to “Scattering matrices and scattering geodesics of locally symmetric spaces”

Abstract This note corrects and complements our paper entitled “Scattering matrices and scattering geodesics of locally symmetric spaces” (Ann. Sci. Ec. Norm. Sup. 34 (2001) 441–469).
Trophic effects of gastrin on the exocrine pancreas in rats

Abstract In three groups of hypergastrinemic rats with gastrojejunostomy and gastric antrum transplanted to the colon (AT), pancreatic structure and function were studied 2, 6, or 16 weeks postoperatively. Fasting serum gastrin was 658 ± 88 pg/ml in AT animals compared with 87 ± 12 pg/ml in sham-operated controls. Another group of rats prepared with antrectomy and gastrojejunostomy (A) had low serum gastrin concentrations; they were studied 12 weeks postoperatively. Pancreatic juice was collected after iv secretin or CCK and was analyzed for [HCO3−], [Cl−], and protein. Pancreas histology and DNA/RNA per milligram of pancreatic protein was the same in all groups. A twofold increase in [HCO3−] and volume of secretion at 2 weeks in AT animals suggested that gastrin exerted a trophic effect on the ducts. By 6 weeks pancreas weight had increased, probably reflecting acinar growth. By 16 weeks pancreatic secretion was qualitatively similar to the control group, but the pancreas weights were 35% greater and absolute secretory capacities were 50% greater. In the A animals, pancreas weights and protein secretion were unchanged, but HCO3− secretion was impaired. We conclude that chronic endogenous hypergastrinemia produced functionally significant hyperplasia of both the duct and acinar cells.
Warming to non-heart-beating donors?

Acute organ injury in the brain death, preservation, and implantation process is increasingly recognized as a mechanism of injury that has detrimental short- and long-term consequences in transplantation (1). A mainstay of organ preservation to prevent ischemia is cooling of the organ to between 1 and 4 aeC. Cooling slows adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-consuming metabolic processes and is typically well tolerated, for up to 48 h in kidney. The heart, on the other hand, tolerates cold ischemia poorly, with preservation times of 6 h or less. However, direct cytotoxic effects of cooling have long been appreciated, but are accepted as ‘collateral damage’ because of the other beneficial effects (2). Under conventional conditions, warm ischemia, whether prior to organ retrieval or during the transplant anastomosis, produces greater ischemic damage than a comparable duration of cold ischemia. Whatever the source of ischemia, much of the damage is believed to occur during reperfusion, with the production of free oxygen radicals leading to cell membrane destruction through lipid peroxidation. Transplantation from non-heart-beating donors is complicated by inevitable warm ischemia. This has resulted in very high rates of delayed graft function and higher rates of primary nonfunction, especially if uncontrolled non-heart-beating (NHB) donors are used. (‘Uncontrolled’ means the NHB donor is identified when already dead, as opposed to a ‘controlled’ donor whose heart is still beating when the organ retrieval team is present.) Nevertheless, this high rate of delayed graft function has not translated into poor long-term graft survival, especially if acute rejection is avoided (3). Cold machine perfusion has helped to reduce delayed graft function and improve graft survival in non-heart-beating kidneys. This may be due to reduced ischemic damage and/or the ability to discard suboptimal kidneys based on machine perfusion parameters (4).
Restricted random walks on graphs

In the first part of this contribution we outline the construction of a novel matrix associated with a graph, the entries of which give the probability of a random walk over the graphG starting at sitei to reach sitej inD ij steps. HereD ij is the distance between verticesi, j. The derived matrices, to be referred to as restricted random walk matrices and labeled as RRW matrices, are non-symmetric, for trees the entries being of the form 1/p, wherep is an integer equal to 1 or larger. In the second part of the report we consider a few invariants of the RRW matrices. We will illustrate the use of one such invariant in a regression analysis. We consider the variations of the entropies in isometric octanes with skeletal changes. The derived regression, based on a single descriptor, yields the standard error of 1.26 cal K−1 mol−1 that is the smallest yet reported in the literature.
FlexXML: engineering a more flexible and adaptable web

Engineering applications for the World Wide Web is becoming increasingly difficult. Web engineers are forced to contend with a heterogeneous collection of Web services, which differ in terms of available bandwidth, display quality and connection type. Faced with these sources of heterogeneity, Web engineers often publish separate, typically redundant Web sites, each of which is tailored into a specific Web device. This paper describes an XML-based approach, called FlexXML, thant enables a more flexible and adaptable Web. Using FlexXML, a Web engineer publishes a single Web site, using XML to describe the site's content and XSL to specify a collection of style sheets. FlexXML allows a Web user to specify a document quality (e.g., text- or graphics-based) that they desire from a Web site. Based upon the Web user's preferences and browser environment, the FlexXML framework automatically selects a suitable XSL style sheet, creates the document and delivers the appropriate content.
Developing Drosophila suzukii management programs for sweet cherry in the western United States

BACKGROUND: The spotted wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii Matsumura (Diptera: Drosophilidae), is a newly introduced pest of sweet cherry on the west coast of North America which produces about 97% of the value of the US sweet cherry crop. D. suzukii initially caused considerable economic loss to cherry growers, who were unaware of this new pest. Little control informationwas availableatthetimeof initialinfestation.Pestcontrolstudieswereinitiatedtoexaminethematerials,timings and application methods to controlD.suzukii in three major cherry-producing states (California, Oregon and Washington). RESULTS: Three classes of registered insecticides, organophosphates, pyrethroids and spinosyns, have demonstrated good topical or residual activity againstD.suzukii. Neonicotinoids and the systemic organophosphate dimethoate appear to be able to kill eggs or larvae in fruit. Preliminary timing studies indicate that at least two preharvest insecticide sprays are required to obtain control of D. suzukii in California cherry orchards. Aerially applied malathion ULV (ultra-low volume) appears to be a viable control tactic for this pest. CONCLUSION:TheresultspresentedhereformthebasisfordevelopingD.suzukiimanagementprogramsinthewesternUnited States. Additional studies are needed to refine management practices for the different growing regions and conventional versusorganicproductionrequirements.Cherrygrowerswilllikelyneedtoapplybroad-spectruminsecticidesinaprophylactic manner until treatment thresholdsand monitoring methods have been developed and validated. c � 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Combination unilateral amygdaloid and ventromedial hypothalamic lesions: evidence for a feeding pathway

Previous studies have reported hyperphagia and obesity in female rats with bilateral lesions of the most posterodorsal part of the amygdala. In rats with unilateral posterodorsal amygdaloid lesions, a dense pattern of anterograde degeneration appears in the ipsilateral ventromedial hypothalamus, but not the contralateral nucleus. In the present study, female rats with unilateral ventromedial hypothalamic lesions or sham lesions were given either sham lesions or unilateral lesions of the posterodorsal amygdala (PDA) 20 days later. Unilateral lesions of the ventromedial hypothalamus resulted in hyperphagia and excessive weight gain. Subsequent amygdaloid lesions that were contralateral to the initial hypothalamic lesions resulted in hyperphagia and additional excessive weight gains, but amygdaloid lesions ipsilateral to the initial hypothalamic lesions did not. It is concluded that the effects of the two lesions on body weight are not additive and that the PDA and ventromedial hypothalamus are part of the same ipsilateral pathway regulating feeding behavior and body weight regulation.
Ranking Rooted Trees, and a Graceful Application

Abstract We define an ordering on the set of all rooted trees of a fixed number of vertices that leads to fast ranking and unranking algorithms. An application to the graceful labeling problem is given, which shows how the method can eliminate repeated isomorphism testing.
An example of global observability of a chaotic system

We present an example of an observation function which globally observes the Smale Horseshoe, considered as a discrete time nonlinear dynamical system. Our purpose is to present a paradigm for observability of chaotic systems based on symbolic dynamics, and also to illustrate some pathologies which can arise due to the exponential instabilities inherent in chaotic dynamical systems.
Urticaria Multiforme in an 18-Year-Old Girl

Division of Allergy and Immunology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa Section of Dermatology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa No funding was received for this work. Conflicts of interest: I. N. Fung is a Fellow in Training at the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia. E. M. Berger is employed by the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia. T. F. Brown-Whitehorn is employed by the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and the Perelman School of Medicine. L. Castelo-Soccio declares no relevant conflicts of interest. Received for publication February 21, 2013; revised May 15, 2013; accepted for publication June 15, 2013. Cite this article as: Fung IN, Berger EM, Castelo-Soccio L, Brown-Whitehorn TF. Urticaria multiforme in an 18-year-old girl. J Allergy Clin Immunol: In Practice 2013;1:520-1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaip.2013.06.009. Corresponding author: Terri F. Brown-Whitehorn MD, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, 3550 Market St, Philadelphia, PA 19104. E-mail: brownte@email.chop.edu. J Allergy Clin Immunol: In Practice 2013;1:520-1. 2213-2198/$36.0
Results of simulated mastication suggest existence of a periodontogastric motility reflex.

Various reflexes inhibit gastric motor activity. Might a contrary one permit the oral region to increase gastric motility? Ten fasted rats were allowed to feed for 15 min. Following anesthesia and cannula insertion, antral pressure was recorded during three consecutive 5-min intervals: the baseline, procedure, and postprocedure periods. The procedure involved manually lowering and raising the mandible about once per second, causing repetitive molar occlusion. Doing this when food is in the stomach resembles conditions as the latter part of a meal is consumed. Gastric motor events increased from 1.10 ± 1.67 (mean ± SD) to 5.50 ± 4.12 per 5 min during the procedure (p < 0.05) and 5.80 ± 3.97 in the ensuing period (p < 0.05). The findings suggest an excitatory reflex following stimulation of mechanoreceptors in one or more sites related to mastication: the periodontium, temporomandibular joints, or masticatory muscles. Because rubbing the maxillary molars while the mouth remained constantly open also increased motor events, the periodontium is the most likely location of the receptors. They and associated trigeminal neurons would comprise the reflex's afferent arm. The vagi, perhaps with intermediaries, are its likely efferent arm. In these recently fed rats this reflex acts despite receptive relaxation and enterogastric reflexes to increase distal gastric motor activity.
Mothers in “Good” and “Bad” Part-time Jobs: Different Problems, Same Results

Part-time work schedules are a popular option for many women struggling to reconcile the competing demands of employment and motherhood. They are controversial among feminists because they are associated with job penalties that promote gender inequality. Previous research on this topic has focused on issues confronting women workers in professional and managerial jobs. In this article, we compare and contrast the experiences of women in professional and secondary part-time jobs, drawing on 60 in-depth interviews with mothers working in such “good” and “bad” jobs. We find that mothers at the top and at the bottom of the employment hierarchy face unique disadvantages from their part-time employment to which they respond in different ways. Yet in both instances, mothers assume responsibility for their “choices,” which absolves organizations of blame for exploitation and discrimination against part-time workers. We suggest alternative possibilities for the organization of work in the conclusion.
Spektroskopische Untersuchungen zur Strukturaufklärung von acyclischen, vinylogen Carbonsäure- und vierfach koordinierten P(O)-Säureaniliden

Die 1H-NMR-, IR- und UV-Spektren der Titelverbindungen werden beschrieben und diskutiert. Tautomerie des NH-Protons sowie cis-trans-Isomerie konnen zu 5 verschiedenen Strukturen fuhren. Wahrend das Enamin-Imin-Gleichgewicht vollig auf der Seite der Enaminform liegt, hangt die Gleichgewichtsverteilung zwischen cis-und trans-Isomerem von der Ausbildung intra- bzw. intermolekularer H-Brucken, der Art des Losungsmittels sowie der Substituentengrose ab. Spectroscopical Investigation for the Determination of the Structure of Acyclic, Vinylogous Carbon Acid Anilides and Quadruple Coordinated P(O)-Acid Anilides The 1H-n.m.r., i.r. and u.v. spectra of the title compounds are reported and discussed. Because of the tautomerism of the NH-proton as well as the cis-trans-isomerism, 5 structures are possible. The enamine-imine-equilibrium is totally shifted to the side of the enamine form, while the distribution between cis- and trans-isomers depends on the existence of intra- or intermolecular hydrogen bonds, solvent-effects and the size of the substituents.
QCD and a holographic model of hadrons

We propose a five-dimensional framework for modeling low-energy properties of QCD. In the simplest three parameter model we compute masses, decay rates and couplings of the lightest mesons. The model fits experimental data to within 10%. The framework is a holographic version of the QCD sum rules, motivated by the anti-de Sitter/conformal field theory correspondence. The model naturally incorporates properties of QCD dictated by chiral symmetry, which we demonstrate by deriving the Gell-Mann-Oakes-Renner relationship for the pion mass.
Nonreplicating Vaccines Can Protect African Green Monkeys From the Memphis 37 Strain of Respiratory Syncytial Virus

Background. We evaluated the immunological responses of African green monkeys immunized with multiple F and G protein–based vaccines and assessed protection against the Memphis 37 strain of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Methods. Monkeys were immunized with F and G proteins adjuvanted with immunostimulatory (CpG) oligodeoxyribonucleotides admixed with either Alhydrogel or ISCOMATRIX adjuvant. Delivery of F and G proteins via replication incompetent recombinant vesicular stomatitis viruses (VSVs) and human adenoviruses was also evaluated. Mucosally or parenterally administered recombinant adenoviruses were used in prime-boost regimens with adjuvanted proteins or recombinant DNA. Results. Animals primed by intranasal delivery of recombinant adenoviruses, and boosted by intramuscular injection of adjuvanted F and G proteins, developed neutralizing antibodies and F/G protein–specific T cells and were protected from RSV infection. Intramuscular injections of Alhydrogel (plus CpG) adjuvanted F and G proteins reduced peak viral loads in the lungs of challenged monkeys. Granulocyte numbers were not significantly elevated, relative to controls, in postchallenge bronchoalveolar lavage samples from vaccinated animals. Conclusions. This study has validated the use of RSV (Memphis 37) in an African green monkey model of intranasal infection and identified nonreplicating vaccines capable of eliciting protection in this higher species challenge model.
Identification of Novel Prostaglandin-Containing Glycerophospholipids in vivo

We recently described the formation of a series of prostaglandin (PG)F2-like compounds in vivo by a non-cyclooxygenase mechanism involving free radical catalyzed peroxidation of arachidonic acid. We now examined the possibility that these prostanoids may be formed from acylated arachidonic acid on phospholipids (PL). An initial suggestion that PGF2-like compounds may exist acylated to PL emerged from the finding that levels of free PGF2-like compounds detected following alkaline hydrolysis of liver PL from control rats and rats treated with CCI4 to induce lipid peroxidation were over 100-fold higher in the treated rats. These increased levels were unaffected by treating the PL with reducing agents or butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), suggesting that they did not arise from autoxidation of precursors ex vivo. In addition, the appearance of free PGF2-like compounds in the circulation lagged behind the increase in apparent PL-associated PGF2-like compounds in the liver, suggesting that the free PGF2-like compounds arose secondarily from hydrolysis of PL. Further, free PGF2-like compounds were released following incubation of PL with bee venom but, interestingly, not with snake venom phospholipase A2. Normal phase HPLC of liver PL from CCI4 treated rats resulted in the elution of PL which yielded PGF2 compounds upon hydrolysis at a much more polar retention time than non-oxidized phosphatidylcholine (PC). Liquid secondary ionization mass spectrometric analysis of these more polar PL confirmed that they were PGF2-containing species of PC. Thus we report the novel finding that PGF2-like compounds are actually formed in Situ, on PL and then subsequently released in free form, presumably by phospholipases.