cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Antihypertensive therapy for the prevention of nephropathy in diabetic hypertensive patients.

Summary What is known and objective Although antihypertensive recommendations exist for diabetic nephropathy, there is less guidance for diabetics with normoalbuminuria. Therefore, this review evaluates antihypertensives in preventing nephropathy in diabetic hypertensive patients. Comment A literature search was performed using PubMed and Medline for primary literature from 1978 through August 2015. Search terms included diabetes mellitus, normoalbuminuria, hypertension, ACE inhibitor, ARB and calcium channel blocker. There was no literature evaluating antihypertensive therapies in preventing nephropathy in type 1 hypertensive diabetics. However, in patients with type 2 diabetes and hypertension, multiple studies demonstrate the benefit of an ACEI or ARB in preventing or delaying the onset of nephropathy, while no study demonstrated the benefit of a CCB over an ACEI or ARB. What is new and conclusion Due to the lack of literature, hypertension management in type 1 diabetics with normoalbuminuria should be guided by the treatment of comorbidities. To prevent diabetic nephropathy, an ACEI or ARB should be first-line monotherapy over a CCB for the management of hypertension in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension and normoalbuminuria.
Electrophysiological properties of rat lateral parabrachial neurons in vitro

Anatomical studies have demonstrated that the lateral parabrachial nucleus (LPBN) is composed of at least seven separate subnuclei distinguished by cell morphology, spatial clustering, and afferent...
Robust containment control in a leader–follower network of uncertain Euler–Lagrange systems

Summary A distributed controller is developed that yields cooperative containment control of a network of autonomous dynamical systems. The networked agents are modeled with uncertain nonlinear Euler–Lagrange dynamics affected by an unknown time-varying exogenous disturbance. The developed continuous controller is robust to input disturbances and uncertain dynamics such that asymptotic convergence of the follower agents' states to the dynamic convex hull formed by the leaders' time-varying states is achieved. Simulation results are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the developed controller. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The bopyridae (Crustacea: Isopoda) of Taiwan

This study adds 8 bopyrids to the 5 species previously known from Taiwan. None of the species are new to science, but all are new to the Taiwanese fauna. All of the hosts for the 8 species are new. Four species redescribed herein, Pseudione retrorsa Richardson, Parioninella obovata Shiino, Parapenaeon tertium Nierstrasz and Brender a Brandis, and Bopyrus stebbingi Nierstrasz and Brender a Brandis, are reported for the 1st time since their original descriptions, with each representing a substantial range extension. The geographic and depth distributions of 2 additional species, Bopyroides hippolytes (Kroyer) and Athelges takanoshimensis Ishii, are greatly extended. Two new genera are erected for P. obovata and B. stebbingi. Pseudione lenticeps Shiino is synonymized with P. retrorsa, which is transferred to the genus Aporobopyrus Nobili. Parapenaeon coarctatum tuberculata is raised to the level of full species. Identifications of hosts as cited in older literature are updated to current nomenclature.
Neurobiological connections are key to APD

Have you ever wondered what makes a particular audiologic test especially sensitive to auditory processing disorder (APD)? Have you wondered why particular treatment strategies offer great potential to improve APD? Surely, you’ve wondered about the underlying cause of APD. The key to answering all three questions is, in a word, neurobiology. Neurobiology focuses on the anatomy, physiology, and chemistry of the nervous system. Neurobiology guides our understanding of brain functions ranging from basic synaptic mechanisms to complex human behavior, and it presents extraordinary implications for the practical matters of diagnosis and therapy. Indeed, APD can be defined as difficulties in the perceptual processing of auditory information in the central nervous system, and in the neurobiologic activity that underlies those
Relation of the auroral substorm to the substorm current wedge

The auroral substorm is an organized sequence of events seen in the aurora near midnight. It is a manifestation of the magnetospheric substorm which is a disturbance of the magnetosphere brought about by the solar wind transfer of magnetic flux from the dayside to the tail lobes and its return through the plasma sheet to the dayside. The most dramatic feature of the auroral substorm is the sudden brightening and poleward expansion of the aurora. Intimately associated with this expansion is a westward electrical current flowing across the bulge of expanding aurora. This current is fed by a downward field-aligned current (FAC) at its eastern edge and an upward current at its western edge. This current system is called the substorm current wedge (SCW). The SCW forms within a minute of auroral expansion. FAC are created by pressure gradients and field line bending from shears in plasma flow. Both of these are the result of pileup and diversion of plasma flows in the near-earth plasma sheet. The origins of these flows are reconnection sites further back in the tail. The auroral expansion can be explained by a combination of a change in field line mapping caused by the substorm current wedge and a tailward growth of the outer edge of the pileup region. We illustrate this scenario with a complex substorm and discuss some of the problems associated with this interpretation.
Analysis on Critical Control Points of the HP-IP Cylinders Cold Start-up

Based on the features of the HP-IP cylinders cold start-up process for a 300 MW subcritical unit,the effect of the key factors such as rolling-up parameters,HP exhaust temperature,valve transferring,bypass,differential expansion and shaft seal on the startup process is analyzed,according to previous successful startup cases and related test data. And the corresponding control strategy is proposed,which could make the increasing the speed with load smooth,shorten the start-up time and save the energy. And the study could provide significant guidance to some extent for the commissioning and operation of the same type of the generator sets.
Mutagenic Study on the Use of Reclaimed Water in City

BACKGROUND AND AIM:To explore the mutagenic effects of reclaimed water in Tianjin.MATERIALS AND METHODS:Reclaimed water in dry and rainy periods were collected.Reverse phase C-18 solid-phase extraction(RP-C18SPE) was used for the extraction of organic compounds from water samples.Ames test,cytokinesis-block micronucleus test and plasmid DNA breakage test was used to assess the damage of water samples on genetic materials.Moreover,PCR-DNA gene sequencing method was used to examine the mutatgenic effects of water samples on some exons of p53 gene.RESULTS:Ames test showed that after metabolism by S9,both untreated reclaimed water and treated reclaimed water,except untreated reclaimed water of rainy period,could induce mutation of TA98 and TA100 strains with dose-response relationship(P0.05).Frameshift and base replacement mutation effects of urban reclaimed water were also found.There were three doses:16.7,33.3 and 66.7 ml/ml(the denominator was original water) in micronucleus test,and the micronucleus number was only slightly increased at 66.7 ml/ml,but there was no significant difference compared with control group.DNA breakage test demonstrated that with increasing doses of urban reclaimed water,plasmid damage was also significantly enhanced(P0.05).In addition,linear DNA appeared when plasmid was treated by dry period samples,and this phenomenon might be due to the different compounds of water sample extraction.Gene sequencing method testified that organic extraction of urban reclaimed water could induce mutation of p53 gene in human embryo liver cell(L-02 cell).CONCLUSION:Urban reclaimed water,which showed mutagenic effects in some extent,might pose potential hazards to environment and health.
Kashin-Beck disease.

Kashin-Beck disease is the most frequent rheumatologic problem of children in China. Although it is acquired environmentally and frequently leads to life-long crippling, the etiology remains an enigma.
Medical Malpractice in the Twenty-First Century

Malpractice rates are falling around the country and around the world as physicians provide better care to sicker patients. Keys to this are awareness of the problems that generate malpractice cases. These are being highlighted the world over in medical literature and in medical societies. As surgeons apply principles of malpractice management they will generate fewer lawsuits and better patient care.
The Stag Hunt and the Evolution of Social Structure: Stag Hunt with Neighbors

LOCAL interaction gave us an account of how the convention of the equal split can invade a population stuck in an inefficient and inequitable polymorphism of the bargaining game, and spread to take over the entire population. Is local interaction the key we seek for enabling the transition from the hare hunting equilibrium to the stag hunting equilibrium in the stag hunt game? THE BAD NEWS In 1993, Glenn Ellison investigated the dynamics of the stag hunt played with neighbors, where the players are arranged on a circle. He found limiting behavior not much different from that in the large population with random encounters. With a small chance of error, the population spends most of its time in the risk-dominant equilibrium — which in our stag hunt games is hunting hare. The difference in the dynamics between the large population with random encounters and the small population with local interaction is that in the latter, the population approaches its long-run behavior much more rapidly. Hare hunting is contagious . The moral for us, if any, seems to be that in small groups with local interaction, the degeneration of the social contract into the state of nature can occur with great rapidity. THE GOOD NEWS But let us not be too hasty in swallowing that moral. Consider the dynamics of the stag hunt game played on a lattice under exactly the same assumptions as those used in the previous chapter to investigate bargaining on a lattice.
The Effect of Variable Specific Heat of the Matrix on the Performance of Thermal Regenerators

Thermal regenerators have been applied to the production of refrigeration since the latter part of the nineteenth century, and their use in gas liquefaction and separation was introduced by Frankl in 1928. However, their use has generally been restricted to temperatures no lower than that of liquid nitrogen.
Some Emerging Directions in Marketing Research: Overview of the Track

The purpose of this paper is to make some observations on the current state of the art in the topics covered in the marketing research track and to summarize the track. Some directions for future research in these areas are also identified.
Gas Chromatography | Instrumentation

This article describes typical pneumatic, thermal and electronic assemblies for the control and operation of a gas chromatograph. On-line detectors are described in a separate article. Forced circulation column ovens and resistive heating techniques are described for isothermal and temperature programmed separations. Hot vaporizing injectors (split/splitless), programmed temperature vaporizer, cold on-column and direct injection is described for the introduction of liquid samples, valve injection for gases, and auxiliary techniques such as thermal desorption, pyrolysis and static and dynamic headspace for special samples. System requirements for two-dimensional separations employing multidimensional and comprehensive instrument configurations and instrument platforms for preparative-scale gas chromatography are also described.
Dynamic pricing in ridesharing platforms

We study dynamic pricing policies for ridesharing platforms such as Lyft and Uber. On one hand these platforms are two-sided: this requires economic models that capture the incentives of both drivers and passengers. On the other hand, these platforms support high temporal-resolution for data collection and pricing: this requires stochastic models that capture the dynamics of drivers and passengers in the system.We summarize our main results from [Banerjee et al. 2015], in which we study the role of dynamic pricing in ridesharing platforms using a queueing-theoretic economic model. We build a model of two-sided ridesharing platforms that captures both the stochastic dynamics of the marketplace and the strategic decisions of drivers, passengers and the platform. We show how our model can help explain the success of dynamic pricing in practice: in particular, we argue that the benefit of dynamic pricing over static pricing is not in the optimal performance, but rather, in the robustness of its performance to uncertainty in system parameters.
The development and assessment of the Worry About Pain Questionnaire.

Background Worry can be conceptualized as a cognitive–affective automatic process initiated in order to address uncertainty and potential personal inadequacies that could result in negative outcomes. The purpose of the current study was to develop a measure of pain-specific worry – the Worry About Pain Questionnaire (WAPQ). Method In study 1, responses of 335 pain-free participants were used to complete an item analysis and exploratory factors analysis to develop and assess the internal structure of the WAPQ. Study 2 included 224 pain-free participants who completed the WAPQ in order to confirm its factor structure, and to examine its relation to the experience of acute experimental pain. In study 3, 137 individuals with persistent pain were asked to complete the WAPQ as well as measures of pain and depressive symptoms. Results The resulting 15-item measure assesses uncertainties and potential negative outcomes related to the experience of pain. The results of the exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses showed a two-factor structure. Across all studies, the WAPQ was found to be related to measures of pain in clinical and non-clinical samples, acute experimental pain stimuli, as well as pain anxiety, pain catastrophizing, fear of pain, rumination and depressive symptomatology. Conclusions The results suggest that the WAPQ is a reliable and valid measure for the assessment of worry about pain that can be used to understand how pain-specific worries are related to the experience and impact of pain across different populations. Significance Worry has been assessed in pain populations using measures that assess worry in general. The current study shows a relationship between pain-specific worry and the experience of pain. Further, worry about pain is related to but not synonymous with pain catastrophizing.
Polyimide-SiO2-TiO2 nanocomposite structural study probing free volume, physical properties, and gas transport

Abstract Polyimide-SiO2-TiO2 nanocomposite membrane permeability, diffusivity, and selectivity were evaluated using polyimide block copolymers designed from 6F and [6F-DABA], and [SiO2-TiO2] using He, H2, CO2, O2, N2, and CH4. Nanocomposite membranes were synthesized using an in-situ sol-gel method to improve the integration of inorganic and organic phases. Metal alkoxide type and polymer functional groups were key factors affecting physical properties and gas transport. [6F-DABA]-[SiO2-TiO2] nanocomposite fractional free volume (FFV) increased 29% as compared to the unmodified [6F-DABA] polyimide. Dynamic Mechanical Thermal Analysis revealed that [SiO2-TiO2] and [TiO2] within functionalized multi-block reduced chain mobility. This led to a Tg increase from 334 °C to 359 °C, and tanδ to decrease from 1.9 to 0.35. In general, inorganic concentration and composition retarded polymer segmental motions, inhibited polymer chain packing, and increase predicted FFV. [6F-DABA-50]-[SiO2-TiO2] membrane's exhibited a simultaneous gas selectivity and permeability improvement. He permeability improved from 58 (unmodified polyimide) to 83 Barrers, and He/CH4 gas selectivity increased from 221 (unmodified) to 334. Membrane gas separation performance of several organic-inorganic materials exceeded Robeson's “upper bound.”
Abstract 13604: Physical and Affective Symptom Clusters Are Strongly Associated in Heart Failure

Introduction: The syndrome of heart failure (HF) is a constellation of both physical and affective symptoms. How physical and affective symptom clusters are associated, however, is not well understood. Hypothesis: There is a strong association between physical symptom clusters and affective symptom clusters among adults with moderate to advanced HF. Methods: This was a secondary analysis of combined data collected during two prospective cohort studies of symptoms among adults with moderate to advanced HF. Physical symptoms of dyspnea and wake disturbances were measured with the Heart Failure Somatic Perception Scale Dyspnea subscale (HFSPS-D) and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), respectively. Affective symptoms of depression and anxiety were measured with the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and the Brief Symptom Inventory Anxiety subscale (BSIANX), respectively. Physical and affective symptoms were clustered separately using latent mixture modeling and then compared using cross classification modeling and traditional comparative statistics (i.e. student’s t, Kendall’s tau-b and chi-square tests). Results: The average age of the sample (n=291) was 56.7±13.3 years, and most were male (61.9%). A majority of subjects were classified as NYHA Class III HF (56.4%), and most had non-ischemic etiology (65.2%). Two physical symptom clusters (severe physical (26.3%) and mild physical (73.7%); dyspnea t=7.35, p Conclusions: There is a strong association between physical and affective symptom clusters among adults with moderate to advanced HF that may be helpful in identifying adults with HF at risk for multiple, co-occurring symptoms.
The Free Electron Laser

We have investigated the possibility of a new type of laser by computer simulation using a 1–2/2 dimensional fully relativistic electromagnetic particle code. By passing a relativistic electron beam over a rippled static magnetic field, high frequency electromagnetic radiation is generated. If the ripple wavelength is λo, the lasing wavelength is roughly λo /2γ2. Thus such a laser is continuously tunable by varying γ. We also find that as much as 35% of the beam energy can be converted into radiation, of which as much as nearly 90% can be in the most rapidly growing mode. A theory of the coupling between the negative energy plasma wave and electromagnetic radiation by means of the rippled magnetic field is presented. We have obtained good agreements between the simulation and the theory. The saturation mechanism is found to be the trapping of the beam by the unstable plasma wave. We are also able to estimate theoretically the amount of energy that can be converted into radiation from the electron beam.
Endoscopic Evaluation and Management of Perianal Crohn's Disease

Abstract Perianal disease is one of the most disabling aspects of Crohn's disease. It affects 17%–43% of the patients, especially those with proctitis. Previous management of perianal Crohn's disease was limited to either isolated medical treatment with agents such as antibiotics or immunomodulators or isolated surgical management with incision and drainage procedures, seton placement, and/or fistulotomy. With advancements in both medical (antitumor necrosis alpha agents) and endoscopic options (endoscopic ultrasound), management of perianal Crohn's disease has become a multidisciplinary field involving gastroenterologists and surgeons to optimize the outcomes. This chapter will review advances in endoscopic evaluation and management of perianal Crohn's disease.
Transient analysis of advancing contact angle measurements on polished rock surfaces

Abstract Contact angle measurements for gas-liquid-rock systems are important for modeling multi-phase flow and transport in the subsurface. These data are needed in applications such as the extraction of oil and gas resources, geologic sequestration of carbon dioxide, contaminant fate and transport, and aquifer recharge through the vadose zone. Contact angles are frequently measured with the sessile drop method. Previous research has largely ignored the dynamic behavior of sessile droplets on geologic materials. This study investigates the dynamic behavior of sessile water droplets on prepared rock surfaces in the presence of air. Droplet diameter and advancing contact angle were determined at 0.5 s intervals for ∼ 90 s on flat polished disks of Burlington limestone, Crossville sandstone, Mancos shale, Sierra White granite, Vermilion Bay granite, and Westerly granite using a Kruss DSA 30 Drop Shape Analyzer. The droplet diameter and advancing contact angle data sets were nonlinearly regressed against time using two different two-parameter models. The median coefficients of determination for the fits were 0.85 and 0.96, respectively. The resulting parameter estimates were used to compute the apparent equilibrium contact angle, θe, for each disk following droplet diameter stabilization. Estimates of θe ranged from 37.2° for Mancos shale to 75.6° for Burlington limestone. Analysis of variance indicated statistically significant differences in θe between the rock types at the 95% confidence level. The variability of θe on the polished rock surfaces, as quantified by the coefficient of variation (CV) for θe, varied between ∼ 3 and ∼ 9%; there were no significant differences in CV between the rock types. Neutron radiography indicated changes droplet morphology over time were due to the spontaneous imbibition of water into the rock matrix. The transient analysis employed in this study permits a more meaningful estimate of the equilibrium contact angle for rocks than taking the initial value or averaging over time as is frequently done.
A higher order method for determining nonisolated solutions of a system of nonlinear equations

In this note, we obtain a method of order at least four to solve a singular system of nonlinear algebraic equations. This is achieved by enlarging the system to a higher dimensional one whose solution is isolated. For the larger system we use a method developed by B. Neta.
DP: a library for building portable, reliable distributed applications

DP is a library of process management and communication tools for writing portable, reliable distributed applications. It provides support for a flexible set of message operations as well as process creation and management. It has been successfully used in developing distributed Monte Carlo, disjunctive programming and integer goal programming codes.It differs from PVM and similar libraries in its support for lightweight, unreliable messages, as well as asynchronous delivery of interrupt-generating messages. In addition, DP supports the development of long-running distributed applications tolerant to the failure or loss of a subset of its processors.
Lensless 3D Imaging Using Mask-Based Cameras

Recently, coded masks have been used to demonstrate a thin form-factor lensless camera, FlatCam, in which a mask is placed immediately on top of a bare image sensor. In this paper, we present an imaging model and algorithm to jointly estimate depth and intensity information in the scene from a single or multiple FlatCams. We use a light field representation to model the mapping of 3D scene onto the sensor in which light rays from different depths yield different modulation patterns. We present a greedy depth pursuit algorithm to search the 3D volume and estimate the depth and intensity of each pixel within the camera field-of-view. We present simulation results to analyze the performance of our proposed model and algorithm with different FlatCam settings.
Can altered neuromuscular coordination restore soft tissue loading patterns in anterior cruciate ligament and menisci deficient knees during walking

Abstract Injuries to the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and menisci commonly lead to early onset osteoarthritis. Treatments that can restore normative cartilage loading patterns may mitigate the risk of osteoarthritis, though it is unclear whether such a goal is achievable through conservative rehabilitation. We used musculoskeletal simulation to predict cartilage and ligament loading patterns during walking in intact, ACL deficient, menisci deficient, and ACL-menisci deficient knees. Stochastic simulations with varying coordination strategies were then used to test whether neuromuscular control could be modulated to restore normative knee mechanics in the pathologic conditions. During early stance, a 3 mm increase in anterior tibial translation was predicted in the ACL deficient knee. Mean cartilage contact pressure increased by 18% and 24% on the medial and lateral plateaus, respectively, in the menisci deficient knee. Variations in neuromuscular coordination were insufficient to restore normative cartilage contact patterns in either the ACL or menisci deficient knees. Elevated cartilage contact pressures in the pathologic knees were observed in regions where cartilage wear patterns have previously been reported. These results suggest that altered cartilage tissue loading during gait may contribute to region-specific degeneration patterns, and that varying neuromuscular coordination in isolation is unlikely to restore normative knee mechanics.
Do Vaccines Cause Hepatitis

Natural infection with hepatitis viruses is known to cause hepatitis disease. Natural infection with measles, mumps, rubella and varicella viruses have also been associated with hepatitis, albeit rarely. Thus, measles, mumps, rubella and varicella vaccines, and especially hepatitis A and hepatitis B vaccines, prevent hepatitis disease by protecting against natural infection. Vaccines currently routinely recommended to the general population in the U.S. do not cause hepatitis when administered to immunocompetent persons. Varicella is a live virus vaccine that is contraindicated for most patients with underlying immune deficiencies. If the vaccine is mistakenly administered to severely immune deficient individuals, it can cause hepatitis as well as other complications. Patients with chronic hepatic diseases such as chronic hepatitis B or hepatitis C infection can and should receive all routine vaccinations as recommended by the ACIP. Hepatitis A and hepatitis B vaccines are specifically recommended for such individuals to protect them from these natural infections leading to more severe disease.
J. Baird Callicott, John Van Buren, and Keith Wayne Brown, Greek Natural Philosophy: The Presocratics and their Importance for Environmental Philosophy

J. Baird Callicott, John Van Buren, and Keith Wayne Brown, Greek Natural Philosophy:The Presocratics and their Importance for Environmental Philosophy (San Diego: CognellaAcademic Publishing, 2017), 386 pp., $93.95 (pbk), ISBN: 978-1516528561.
Abstract 026: Attended Versus Unattended Blood Pressure Measurement in Patients With Cardiovascular Disease: Does It Matter?

Introduction: Nearly one half of the subjects in SPRINT had their blood pressure (BP) measured absent an observer (unattended), whereas most prior trials have used attended measurement. This has cr...
A delayed presentation of splenic laceration and hemoperitoneum following an elective colonoscopy: A rare complication with uncertain risk factors.

Splenic laceration is a rare yet often underreported complication of colonoscopy that is infrequently discussed with the patient during the consent process. Most cases present within 48 h after the...
Water Source as a Driver of Landscape Irrigation Conservation Behavior: A Statewide Florida Study

AbstractUsing the water source as a factor, a typology of residential irrigation water users was developed by segmenting 3,310 Floridians who used irrigation by their irrigation water source (i.e.,...
Experiences of child welfare workers regarding psychotropic medications: Results from a mixed-method evaluation of a critical medication curriculum

Abstract This study reports on a mixed-methods evaluation of the impacts of an educational curriculum designed to engage psychosocial professionals in child welfare in critical thinking about psychotropic medication-related issues. Caseworkers in two counties (n = 20) received the curriculum and were compared at baseline and 30-day follow-up to caseworkers (n = 46) in non-intervention counties on general attitudes toward medication. Follow-up focus groups with 13 caseworkers examinined self-reported changes in practice behaviors and the broader contexts shaping medication-related practices for youth in foster care. The CriticalThinkRx curriculum resulted in modest changes in attitudes toward greater perceived harms, with a small-to-medium effect size. Following the curriculum, caseworkers reported asking more questions about medications, increasing their advocacy roles, and adopting a systemic perspective on the use of medications. Across counties, caseworkers described a practice context characterized by a systemic reliance on medications, uncertain roles and lack of education of caseworkers, poor client education about medications, inflexible professional hierarchy, and lack of time or options. Despite nationwide calls for improved psychotropic medication practices in child welfare, myriad professional and systemic barriers exist that perpetuate the primacy of drugs for treating youths’ emotional and behavioral distress.
Risk Factors Associated With SARS-CoV-2 Seropositivity Among US Health Care Personnel.

Importance Risks for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection among health care personnel (HCP) are unclear. Objective To evaluate the risk factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity among HCP with the a priori hypothesis that community exposure but not health care exposure was associated with seropositivity. Design, Setting, and Participants This cross-sectional study was conducted among volunteer HCP at 4 large health care systems in 3 US states. Sites shared deidentified data sets, including previously collected serology results, questionnaire results on community and workplace exposures at the time of serology, and 3-digit residential zip code prefix of HCP. Site-specific responses were mapped to a common metadata set. Residential weekly coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cumulative incidence was calculated from state-based COVID-19 case and census data. Exposures Model variables included demographic (age, race, sex, ethnicity), community (known COVID-19 contact, COVID-19 cumulative incidence by 3-digit zip code prefix), and health care (workplace, job role, COVID-19 patient contact) factors. Main Outcome and Measures The main outcome was SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity. Risk factors for seropositivity were estimated using a mixed-effects logistic regression model with a random intercept to account for clustering by site. Results Among 24 749 HCP, most were younger than 50 years (17 233 [69.6%]), were women (19 361 [78.2%]), were White individuals (15 157 [61.2%]), and reported workplace contact with patients with COVID-19 (12 413 [50.2%]). Many HCP worked in the inpatient setting (8893 [35.9%]) and were nurses (7830 [31.6%]). Cumulative incidence of COVID-19 per 10 000 in the community up to 1 week prior to serology testing ranged from 8.2 to 275.6; 20 072 HCP (81.1%) reported no COVID-19 contact in the community. Seropositivity was 4.4% (95% CI, 4.1%-4.6%; 1080 HCP) overall. In multivariable analysis, community COVID-19 contact and community COVID-19 cumulative incidence were associated with seropositivity (community contact: adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 3.5; 95% CI, 2.9-4.1; community cumulative incidence: aOR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.3-2.6). No assessed workplace factors were associated with seropositivity, including nurse job role (aOR, 1.1; 95% CI, 0.9-1.3), working in the emergency department (aOR, 1.0; 95% CI, 0.8-1.3), or workplace contact with patients with COVID-19 (aOR, 1.1; 95% CI, 0.9-1.3). Conclusions and Relevance In this cross-sectional study of US HCP in 3 states, community exposures were associated with seropositivity to SARS-CoV-2, but workplace factors, including workplace role, environment, or contact with patients with known COVID-19, were not. These findings provide reassurance that current infection prevention practices in diverse health care settings are effective in preventing transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from patients to HCP.
Dairy is Different: Latino Dairy Worker Stress in Vermont.

Latino immigrant dairy workers face significant challenges. Dairy’s employment of immigrants is recent compared to other sectors, though today immigrants account for over half of US dairy workers. This study applies the Migrant Farmworker Stress Inventory to dairy for the first time. Interviews of 173 workers were conducted using the MFWSI, augmented with dairy specific indictors. Bivariate analysis identified associations between dairy worker characteristics and stress. Findings were compared to other studies using the MFWSI. Average stress was 74.6/156 points, with 36.5% at risk for clinically significant stress. Vermont ranked eighth among 11 MFWSI studies, and fourth of seven studies for significant stress. Primary stressors differed from studies of fruit and crop workers. Over a third of Vermont immigrant dairy workers risk debilitating stress. The MFWSI underestimates dairy farmworker stress and should be modified for this sector. Identified stressors indicate Spanish-language, dairy safety training may be beneficial.
Applying the Analytical Framework

This chapter applies our theoretical framework to assess progress in attaining the 17 SDGs since 2000, using a representative indicator for each goal. We use No Poverty (SDG 1) as our benchmark indicator, and we estimate the per capita welfare change of reductions since 2000 in poverty rates net of any gains or losses in attaining each of the remaining 16 goals. We conduct this analysis for the world, for low-income countries, and for nine selected countries. Although the world has attained improvement towards sustainability since 2000, low-income economies and some individual countries have not. Progress towards environmental goals has generally been less successful compared to net gains towards economic and social goals.
Active photonic platforms with structured nanoarrays

We describe active photonic platforms based on structured nano-arrays with periodicities in optical dimensions. Nanocup arrays coated with continuous non-conformal gold films were fabricated with replica molding and simulated with scattering matrix simulations. These exhibit extraordinary optical transmission (EOT) due to the optically thin gold film at the nanocup bottom. The optically enhanced field in nanocups enhanced the spontaneous emission of embedded quantum dots, with Purcell factor enhancements by >80 and measured photoluminescence lifetimes decreased by a factor of ~5 for a quantum dots ensemble. Soluble coatings on these nanocups showed slowed release rates, useful for biomedical applications. Nano-arrays control active light-emission, and surface charging and have promise for diverse nanoplasmonic applications.
Annual cost of wasted indocyanine green during sentinel lymph node mapping for patients with endometrial cancer

Objectives: To estimate the annual cost of wasted indocyanine green (ICG) used for sentinel lymph node (SLN) mapping in patients with localized endometrial cancer. Methods: We used the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program database to estimate the number of annual cases of localized uterine cancer. We queried the Premier database ( www.premierinc.com ; Premier, Inc; Charlotte, NC) to determine the median cost to institutions and charge to patients associated with ICG. We searched Premier for all patients who underwent surgery for endometrial hyperplasia or uterine cancer from January 2006 to June 2018. Among 142,629 patients, there were 12,543,758 billing records. The median charge and median variable cost associated with ICG were estimated from 7,826 records that identified ICG use in the hospital charge description. To further validate these estimates, we conducted a separate search for lymph node sampling and radiopharmaceutical mapping to confirm these billings were separate from ICG billings. To perform the drug waste analysis, we assumed that gynecologic oncologists use 2-4 mL of the only currently available ICG vial kit (25 mg per 10 mL) per SLN case, resulting in presumptive waste of 60-80% of the total vial. Estimated waste was then calculated using the variable cost as a measure of institutional waste and charge as excess cost transferred to patients or payers. Results: In SEER 2020, there were 65,520 estimated cases of uterine cancer. Seventy percent of these cases (45,934) were localized and thus eligible for SLN mapping. The median cost associated with ICG was $56.70 (25%ile: $22.32; 75%ile: $71.00), and the charge was $419.34 (25%ile: $219.79; 75%ile: $527.47). The estimated annual waste associated with current ICG packaging was $1,562,674 - $2,083,566 to hospitals. The estimated annual excess charge imposed on patients or payers was $11,557,178 - $15,409,570. Conclusions: The annual cost of wasted ICG due to its current manufactured vial size is $1.5-$2.1 million for hospitals and $11.5-$15.4 million for patients. This is a gross underestimate, as it does not include cases of atypical hyperplasia or vulvar cancer, which would also be eligible for SLN biopsy. We suggest ICG vials should be packaged and sold in a 10-mg vial size to avoid drug waste and excess costs to institutions and patients.
By-Products of Discrimination Learning

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the by-products of discrimination learning. When an organism learns discrimination, the discriminative stimuli may acquire functions other than their basic function of occasioning differential responding. In addition, the discriminative stimulus correlated with extinction, or with a relatively poor schedule of reinforcement, may acquire aversive, inhibitory, and emotional functions. Discrimination learning may also result in an increase in the excitatory potential of the stimulus correlated with the richer schedule of reinforcement. The nondiscriminative functions of discriminative stimuli that are by-products of the formation of discrimination are illustrated in this chapter. These by-products of discrimination learning are neither universal nor permanent characteristics of discrimination learning.
Using Agent-Based Modeling for Water Resources Planning and Management

AbstractAgent-based systems have been developed for many scientific applications and simulation studies to model a group of actors and their interactions based on behavioral rules. Agent-based models and multiagent systems simulate the emergence of system-level properties based on the actions of adaptive agents that interact with other agents, react to environmental signals, and optimize decisions to achieve individual goals. In water resources planning and management, agent-based modeling has been applied to explore, simulate, and predict the performance of infrastructure design and policy decisions as they are influenced by human decision making, behaviors, and adaptations. The goal of this paper is to provide a comprehensive introduction to agent-based modeling for water resources researchers, students, and practitioners, and to explore water resources systems as complex adaptive systems that can be studied using agent-based modeling. Agent-based modeling is defined, and the characteristics of complex ...
Multipliers and Dividers: Insights on Arithmetic Circuits Verification (Extended Abstract)

We consider methods for verifying multiplier and divider circuits based on symbolic function representations. Verification can be performed at either the bit-level, where individual signals are represented as Boolean functions, or at the word-level, where signal vectors are represented as “pseudo-Boolean” functions mapping Boolean variables to numeric values. These two classes of functions can be represented and manipulated as ordered Binary Decision Diagrams (BDDs), and Binary Moment Diagrams (BMDs), respectively.
The Ribosome Cycle in Mammalian Protein Synthesis I. THE PLACE OF MONOMERIC RIBOSOMES AND RIBOSOMAL SUBUNITS IN THE CYCLE

Abstract Isotopically labeled, native 40 S ribosomal subunits isolated from Ehrlich ascites tumor cells were added to a reticulocyte cell-free protein-synthesizing system. The exogenous subunits became incorporated into polyribosomal ribosomes, demonstrating that they underwent the reactions of initiation in the heterologous cell-free system. The specific activity of the polyribosomal ribosomes after incubation was considerably higher than that of the monomeric ribosomes. When labeled Ehrlich polyribosomes were incubated in this system, the native subunits generated from polyribosomal ribosomes released at chain termination were also of much higher specific activity than the monomeric ribosomes. These data support other evidence that in mammalian cells subunits cycle rapidly and are direct intermediates in protein synthesis while the majority of monomeric ribosomes are the product of a side reaction. When exogenous subunits were present during ribosome runoff under conditions preventing initiation, they became incorporated into the monomeric ribosomes which accumulated. Although other possibilities are not excluded, this is consistent with the hypothesis that ribosomes are released at chain termination as separate subunits which may either become native subunits and recyle or may recombine to form monomers, the added subunits entering monomers by competing in the recombination reaction. The mechanism directing ribosomes at chain termination into the pool of native subunits or into the pool of monomeric ribosomes was studied by comparing native subunits with subunits derived from monomeric ribosomes (by treatment with 0.5 m KCl). Whereas the ribosome-derived 40 and 60 S subunits recombined to form monomers, neither the native 40 S nor the native 60 S subunits combined with the complementary ribosome-derived subunit. The native 40 S subunit contains proteins which are absent from the 40 S subunits of ribosomes, and when these were removed by 0.5 m KCl the native 40 S subunit regained affinity for the ribosome-derived 60 S subunit. We hypothesize that binding of accessory proteins to the 40 S subunit released at chain termination channels it into the native subunit pool, while recombination with the 60 S subunit diverts it into the monomer pool. The mechanism modifying the 60 S subunit was not elucidated.
A Review of Thin Film Resistors and Their Assembly Problems: Part 2

This paper has been presented in two parts. Part 1, after an introduction to thin film resistor technology, gave a review of thin films and other resistors, followed by designer's considerations when using resistors and networks. Part 2 will deal with assembly problems.
From Disorder to Dystonia: DSM-II and DSM-III

The author describes events leading to the removal of homosexuality from the psychiatric diagnostic manual. This brought American psychiatry to a point where homosexuality was no longer considered a mental illness, but gay and lesbian individuals continued to be pathologized through related diagnoses remaining in the manual. The author puts events in organized psychiatry into a wider context and gives thoughts about the future.
Safflower oil consumption does not increase plasma conjugated linoleic acid concentrations in humans

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a mixture of positional and geometric isomers of linoleic acid (LA) with conjugated double bonds. CLA has anticarcinogenic properties and has been identified in human tissues, dairy products, meats, and certain vegetable oils. A variety of animal products are good sources of CLA, but plant oils contain much less. However, plant oils are a rich source of LA, which may be isomerized to CLA by intestinal microorganisms in humans. To investigate the effect of triacylglycerol-esterified LA consumption on plasma concentrations of esterified CLA in total lipids, a dietary intervention (6 wk) was conducted with six men and six women. During the intervention period a salad dressing containing 21 g safflower oil providing 16 g LA/d was added to the subjects' daily diets. Three-day diet records and fasting blood were obtained initially and during dietary and postdietary intervention periods. Although LA intake increased significantly during the dietary intervention, plasma CLA concentrations were not affected. Plasma total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol concentrations were significantly lower after addition of safflower oil to the diet. In summary, consumption of triacylglycerol-esterified LA in safflower oil did not increase plasma concentrations of esterified CLA in total lipids.
A Descriptive Study of the Risk Factors Associated with Catheter-Related Bloodstream Infections in the Home Parenteral Nutrition Population

Background: Home parenteral nutrition (HPN) is increasingly used for nutrition support after patients are discharged from the hospital. Catheter-related bloodstream infections (CR-BSI) are a common and potentially fatal complication of HPN. The risk factors for development of CR-BSI in the outpatient setting are poorly understood. Methods: We conducted an observational, retrospective study of 225 patients discharged from Barnes-Jewish Hospital on HPN between January 1, 2007, and December 31, 2009. HPN complications were defined as any cause that led to either premature discontinuation of HPN therapy or catheter replacement. CR-BSI events were identified by provider documentation. We calculated the overall complication rate and the complication rate specifically due to CR-BSI. Backward stepwise Cox regression analyses were used to assess for independent predictors of catheter-related complications. Results: In total, 111 of 225 patients (49%) developed complications while receiving HPN (incidence = 5.06 ep...
Self-focusing dynamics of ultraintense accelerating Airy waveforms in water

We report experiments and numerical simulations on the self-focusing and filamentation of ultraintense femtosecond Airy waveforms in water. The accelerating property of Airy waveforms results in the generation of distinct features in the angularly resolved spectra of forward-propagating supercontinuum emission. Fitting these features with appropriate phase-matching conditions allows for the quantification of the propagation history of the waveforms.
Dynamic range for speech materials in korean, english, and mandarin: a cross-language comparison.

Purpose The purpose of this study was to identify whether differences in dynamic range (DR) are evident across the spoken languages of Korean, English, and Mandarin. Method Recorded sentence-level speech materials were used as stimuli. DR was quantified using different definitions of DR (defined as the range in decibels from the highest to the lowest signal intensities), for several integration times (from 1 to 512 ms) and in different frequency bands (center frequencies [CFs] ranging from 150 to 8600 Hz). Results Across the 3 languages, DR was affected in similar ways with regard to changes in DR definition and integration time. In contrast, across-language differences in DR were evident when considering frequency-band effects. Specifically, the DR for Korean was smaller than the English DR and the Mandarin DR in low-frequency bands (less than the CF of 455 Hz). Compared with Korean and Mandarin, the DR for English was smallest in mid-frequency bands (between the CF of 455 Hz and 4050 Hz) and was greates...