cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A three-dimensional model study of warm core ring interaction with continental shelf and slope

Abstract The interaction of warm core rings with a western wall and shelf/slope is examined with a three-dimensional primitive-equation model. The model ring is initialized with an axisymmetric Gaussian-type anticyclonic eddy placing far from the coastal boundary to allow the ring to freely propagate towards the wall and shelf/slope. The ring initially propagates steadily to the southwest at about 3 km/day under the combined planetary β and nonlinear effects. When colliding with a wall, the ring adjusts into a ‘D’ shape and moves poleward under primarily the image effect. When colliding with a shelf and slope, the ring however becomes stalled and bounces on and off the shelf/slope with little net movement. Small cyclones marked by strong upwelling are generated near the shelfbreak. Cyclones and anticyclones also are spawned at the periphery of the ring. Satellite SST images and concurrent ADCP transects are used to illustrate the strong interaction of a Gulf Stream warm ring (99B) with the Middle Atlantic Bight.
Sex differences in relation to conditioned fear-induced enhancement of morphine analgesia.

A number of studies have reported that both the immediate and proactive effects of exposure to a shock stressor are less pronounced in female than in male rats. A separate area of research has demonstrated that female rats are less sensitive to the analgesic effects of morphine than males. Experiments from our laboratory, as well as others, have found that exposure to a context associated with shock (i.e., conditioned fear context) at the time of morphine administration, enhances the analgesic effects of morphine. Since previous studies have exclusively employed male rats, the purpose of Experiment 1 was to determine if a sex difference exists to this context conditioned fear-induced enhancement of morphine-induced analgesia. The findings of Experiment 1 showed that females do not appear to exhibit conditioned fear-induced enhancement of morphine analgesia as compared to males. Experiment 2 demonstrated that females exhibited higher levels of conditioned fear-induced enhancement of morphine analgesia during diestrus I than estrous. Experiment 3 demonstrated that females exhibited lower levels of conditioned analgesia compared to males, while both groups exhibited similar freezing levels. The findings of the present experiments suggest that the sex difference observed in Experiment 1 may be due to differences in conditioned analgesia.
Case-Cohort Analysis of Agricultural Pesticide Applications near Maternal Residence and Selected Causes of Fetal Death

The potential association between fetal death and residential proximity to agricultural pesticide applications was examined in 10 California counties for 1984. A case-cohort analysis utilized 319 cases of selected causes of fetal death other than congenital anomalies and 611 non-cases. A statewide database of all applications of restricted pesticides was linked to maternal address; residential proximity within 1 mile (1.6 km) provided a surrogate for daily exposure. Pesticides were grouped by chemical class and mechanism of acetylcholinesterase inhibition. Multivariate proportional hazards models using time-dependent exposure variables were fit for each pesticide grouping. Overall, pesticides showed no strong association with fetal death. Slightly elevated risks were observed for women who resided near applications of halogenated hydrocarbons, carbamates, estrogenic pesticides, and carbamate acetylcholinesterase inhibitors during the second trimester, with hazard ratios of 1.3 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.0, 1.8), 1.3 (95% CI: 1.0, 1.8), 1.4 (95% CI: 0.8, 2.5), and 1.3 (95% CI: 1.0, 1.8), respectively. In a month-by-month analysis, elevated risks were observed when exposure occurred during gestational months 3 and 4 for carbamates and carbamate inhibitors and during months 4 and 5 for halogenated hydrocarbons. Since previous studies have relied on personal recall of exposure, major strengths of this study were the objective source for environmental pesticide exposure assessment and the use of data on the timing of exposure.
Socio-economic impact in CKD.

Abstract Background Socio-economic status (SES) may be conceptualized as an individual's position in society, as determined by their income, occupation, education, wealth, and housing situation. This review summarizes the current literature regarding associations of these markers of SES with both chronic kidney disease (CKD) and associated poor outcomes. Methods Literature searches were conducted in the US National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, PubMed database using the search terms “chronic kidney disease” and “chronic renal insufficiency,” combined with “socio-economic status,” “income,” “occupation,” “employment,” “education,” “social class,” “wealth,” and “housing.” Articles not in the English language, using non-human subjects, or primarily concerning subjects with ESRD or acute kidney injury were excluded. Results Income is the most-studied aspect of SES in relation to CKD, but there is increasing literature involving occupation and education as well. Additionally, the associations of CKD and its outcomes with area-level and life course SES are both burgeoning areas of research. There are several research areas that remain mostly unexplored, including the roles of wealth and housing in defining SES-related risk in CKD. Additionally, none have explored the relative utility of composite versus individual indicators of SES in predicting risk of CKD and outcomes. Conclusion Given the overwhelming evidence that SES plays an important role in the development and progression of disease, the development and testing of more targeted interventions should be a top priority in CKD research. Continuing examination of these factors, with increased rigor and focus on potentially modifiable intermediate pathways, is needed.
Systematic chemical recognition using shaped laser pulses

The paper reports on recent progress towards systematic chemical recognition using shaped femtosecond laser pulses. The ability to generate highly accurate phase functions in which retardation is limited to two values, 0 and π, allows one to carry out an exhaustive evaluation of a 10-bit binary function set in minutes. Upon mining the resulting mass spectra, shaped pulses are found that can be used to uniquely identify a molecule (including structural isomers and stereoisomers) by the resulting fragmentation and ionization pattern. This approach is described and its successful application demonstrated.
Confidence: Analyzing performance with empirical probabilities

Variability in the performance of shared system components is a major obstacle in analyzing the effective throughput of leadership class computers. Shared file systems and networks are serious impediments to achieving repeatable application performance on HPC systems. In particular, performance analysts are likely to be interested in quantifying differences between average-case behavior, worst-case behavior, and standard deviation for shared system components. Typical descriptions of these statistics assume a normal distribution; however, in one-sided and multi-modal performance distributions, summary statistics are often misleading. In this paper we describe Confidence, a tool for analyzing the full spectrum of performance for a benchmarking code. By including all of the experimental outcomes in the analysis without discarding any measurements, Confidence enables a novel analysis of benchmark performance.
Task specific changes in maximal oxygen uptake resulting from arm versus leg training.

Abstract The purpose of the present study was to investigate metabolic responses to submaximal and maximal exercise performed with trained versus untrained muscles. The subjects were 17 male college students randomly assigned to one of two experimental groups. Group II (N = 8) performed high intensity arm cranking exercise on a modified bicycle ergometer and Group II (N = 9) performed high intensity bench stepping with arms at sides to a height of 50·8 cm. Both groups trained three days per week for ten weeks. Each subject was tested twice at the beginning and twice at the conclusion of the ten week period. Discontinuous tests (5 min bouts) for determination of submaximal and maximal oxygen uptake ([Vdot]o2 max ) were randomly assigned and performed on bicycle and arm crank ergometers. respectively. [Vdot]o2 max (ml kg−1 min−1) significantly increased (19%) and submaximal heart rate (EKG) significantly decreased during arm testing of arm trained subjects. Similar results ( [Vdot]o2 max ml kg−1 min−1, incr...
Methods for taking a situative approach to studying the development of motivation, identity, and learning in multiple social contexts

In this article, our focus is on the methodological issues in taking a situative approach to studying the interconnected development of motivation, identity, and learning in multiple social contexts. We illustrate our description with data acquired from a cross-context, longitudinal, ethnographic study of novice teachers’ learning, motivation, and identity development (Horn, Mathematical Thinking and Learning, 10(3), 201–239 2008; Nolen et al., Cognition and Instruction, 29(1), 88–122, 2011; Nolen et al. 2009; Ward et al., International Journal of Educational Research, 50(1), 14–20, 2011). We focus our methodological discussion on structuring longitudinal interviews and the interdependence of interview and observational techniques in understanding motivation in social contexts, including the methodological challenges inherent in ethnographic work. One challenge we consider in depth is accounting for the interview as a social context in which motivation and identity develop as learning occurs and how this challenge is particularly important to address in longitudinal work. We end by raising some additional methodological issues in studying motivation, identity, and learning from a situative perspective.
A review of fault management in WDM mesh networks: basic concepts and research challenges

The article first presents a broad overview of the fault management mechanisms involved in deploying a survivable optical mesh network which employs optical crossconnects. We review various protection and restoration schemes, primary and back-up route computation methods, shareability optimization, and dynamic restoration. We then describe different parameters that can measure the quality of service provided by a WDM mesh network to upper protocol layers (e.g., IP network backbones, ATM network backbones, leased lines, virtual private networks), such as service availability, service reliability, restoration time, and service restorability. We review these concepts, the factors that affect them, and how to improve them. In particular, we present a framework for cost-effective availability-aware connection provisioning to provide differentiated services in WDM mesh networks. Through the framework, the more realistic scenario of multiple near-simultaneous failures can be handled. In addition, the emerging problem of protecting low-speed connections of different bandwidth granularities is also reviewed.
Successful three stage repair of a large congenital abdominal region defect

Abstract We present two infants born with large, right upper quadrant defects which cannot be categorized as either a gastroschisis or omphalocele. We successfully managed one infant with a three stage repair using polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) patch, porcine urinary bladder matrix (UBM) and delayed surgical closure. The second infant passed away due to parental consent care withdrawal.
A Novel Chimeric Adenoassociated Virus 2/Human Bocavirus 1 Parvovirus Vector Efficiently Transduces Human Airway Epithelia

Human bocavirus virus-1 (HBoV1), a newly discovered autonomous parvovirus with a 5,500 nt genome, efficiently infects human-polarized airway epithelia (HAE) from the apical membrane. We hypothesized that the larger genome and high airway tropism of HBoV1 would be ideal for creating a viral vector for lung gene therapy. To this end, we successfully generated recombinant HBoV1 (rHBoV1) from an open reading frames–disrupted rHBoV1 genome that efficiently transduces HAE from the apical surface. We next evaluated whether HBoV1 capsids could package oversized rAAV2 genomes. These studies created a rAAV2/HBoV1 chimeric virus (5.5 kb genome) capable of apically transducing HAE at 5.6- and 70-fold greater efficiency than rAAV1 or rAAV2 (4.7-kb genomes), respectively. Molecular studies demonstrated that viral uptake from the apical surface was significantly greater for rAAV2/HBoV1 than for rAAV2 or rAAV1, and that polarization of airway epithelial cells was required for HBoV1 capsid–mediated gene transfer. Furthermore, rAAV2/HBoV1-CFTR virus containing the full-length cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene coding sequence and the strong CBA promoter efficiently corrected CFTR-dependent chloride transport in cystic fibrosis (CF) HAE. In summary, using the combined advantages of AAV and HBoV1, we have developed a novel and promising viral vector for CF lung gene therapy and also potentially HBoV1 vaccine development.
Maternal Meta‐emotion Philosophy and Adolescent Depressive Symptomatology

The current study examined the relations between maternal meta-emotion philosophy and adolescent depressive symptoms, as well as general adolescent adjustment and the quality of parent–child interaction. Consistent with previous findings on children in the preschool period and middle childhood, it was expected that an emotion coaching meta-emotion philosophy would be associated with fewer depressive symptoms, higher levels of adjustment and lower frequencies and less reciprocity of aversive and dysphoric affect during mother–child interaction. Maternal meta-emotion interviews, observations of mother–child interaction and assessments of adolescent adjustment were obtained. Results indicated that mothers of adolescents with high levels of depressive symptoms were less accepting and expressive of their own emotions than were mothers of adolescents with low levels of depressive symptoms. A mother's acceptance of her own emotion was associated with fewer depressive symptoms, higher self-esteem and fewer externalizing problems in young adolescents. A mother's emotion coaching was associated with lower frequency and less likelihood of the reciprocity of aversive and dysphoric affect during mother–child interaction. Discussion highlights the role of maternal meta-emotion philosophy in creating emotional closeness in families with high and low levels of depressive symptomatology.
Facial Nerve Outcomes in Middle Cranial Fossa vs Translabyrinthine Approaches

Objective To compare the final facial nerve outcomes between middle cranial fossa (MCF) vs translabyrinthine (TL) resection of size-matched vestibular schwannomas. Study design and setting Retrospective case review at a tertiary care hospital. All patients who underwent resection utilizing either MCF or TL approaches with tumors 18 mm or smaller and complete data were included in the analysis. One hundred twenty-four patients were identified meeting the above criteria, with sixty-three in the translabyrinthine group and sixty-one in the middle fossa group. One-week-postoperative and final facial nerve examinations were compared in the two surgical groups. Patients were separately analyzed in subgroups: tumors smaller than 10 mm and those that were between 10 and 18 mm. Results The tumor size range for the MCF group was 3-18 mm while it was 4-18 mm for the TL group. No statistically significant difference was found in facial nerve outcomes between the two surgical groups, at the first postoperative visit week and at last follow-up. Conclusion Facial nerve outcomes are similar using TL and MCF approaches for resection of vestibular schwannomas up to 18 mm in size. Significance Patients undergoing the MCF approach for hearing preservation can be counseled that there is no increased risk of permanent facial nerve weakness, compared to the TL approach. EBM rating B-3
Effect of Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Configuration on Reliability of Flexurally Strengthened Concrete Beams

External bonding of composite materials in the form of strips, plates, and laminates to add tensile capacity in deficient zones has proved to be an efficient strengthening technique. The performance of composite materials in strengthening ailing infrastructure components has made them a mainstream alternative in some applications such as strengthening concrete structures. The technique is mature enough that design standards have been published. Few researchers have investigated the reliability of concrete structures strengthened with fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP). The results of these reliability investigations were incorporated in some of the recently published design guidelines. It is a well-known fact that FRP debonding is the dominant mode of failure. Nevertheless, the impact of different FRP configurations on the reliability of strengthened concrete beams in flexure has not yet been investigated. An analytical study is presented of the reliability of FRP-strengthened concrete beams in two of the most popular configurations: U-wrap and soffit-only. Material, fabrication, and model uncertainties are accounted for in a strength limit state function to analyze the reliability of strengthened reinforced concrete beams by using the first-order reliability method. Results from this study show that the reliability of U-wrap configurations is higher than that of soffit-only configurations. This finding can be used in establishing different resistance factors for each case such that the use of more materials in the U-wrap configuration is rewarded by the ability to predict its performance better.
Crystallization of Arginase from Normal and Cirrhotic Human Liver

IT has been demonstrated that patients with liver disorders are particularly susceptible to ammonia intoxication1. Since ammonia is detoxified by urea synthesis, study of the enzymes of the Krebs–Hensleit cycle in the normal and abnormal liver might provide useful information. Decrease of liver arginase activity in patients suffering from cirrhosis and hepatic coma has been reported by Ugarte, Pino and Valenzuela2. In our study, arginase was crystallized from a ‘normal’ human and a cirrhotic human liver and the catalytic efficiency of the enzymes from the two sources was compared.
Heat transfer in a viscous fluid over a stretching sheet with viscous dissipation and internal heat generation

Abstract An analysis is carried out to study the heat transfer characteristics in the laminar boundary layer of a viscous fluid over a linearly stretching, continuous surface with variable wall temperature subject to suction or blowing. The study considers the effects of frictional heating (viscous dissipation) and internal heat generation of absorption. Two cases are studied, namely (i) the surface with prescribed surface temperature (PST-Case) and (ii) the surface with prescribed wall heat flux (PHF-Case). The solutions for the temperature and the heat transfer characteristics are obtained in terms of Kummer's functions. For large Prandtl numbers (σ), a boundary layer width of 1/σ is noticed in both PST and PHF cases. Furthermore, it is shown that there is no boundary layer type of solution for small Prandtl number.
Developmental modulation of protein synthesis in Drosophila primary embryonic cell cultures

The patterns of proteins synthesized during embryonic development in Drosophila melanogaster have been examined by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Primary cell cultures prepared from donor embryos synchronized to ± 1 hr were labeled with [35S]methionine at 5, 11.5, 14.5, and 26 hr after oviposition. Of approximately 400 to 500 proteins detected, the synthesis of about 50 is developmentally modulated. The greatest number of changes in the synthesis of stage-specific proteins occurs at 11.5 and 14.5 hr after oviposition, periods just prior to and during the times of the greatest overt morphological and biochemical changes. At 11.5 hr, 35 stage-specific proteins are synthesized, including 19 that are not present at the previous stage examined. At 14.5 hr, 34 stage-specific proteins can be detected, including 11 newly synthesized proteins. However, 12 proteins from the previous stage are no longer synthesized. At the completion of embryonic differentiation, at 26 hr, no new proteins are synthesized and the synthesis of many present in earlier stages has decreased or stopped. Comparison of patterns of embryonic proteins to those synthesized by two Drosophila continuous cell lines reveals that the majority of proteins are common to all. However, only about 40% of the embryonic stage-specific proteins are present in either cell line. In addition, there are several proteins unique to each cell line that are not observed in any of the embryonic stages.
Current Screening and Diagnostic Practices in a State Offering Free Preschool Screening Since 1977: Implications for the Field

Current screening and diagnostic practices for identifying young handicapped children were surveyed. Information was gathered on the populations served, the professionals and tools employed in screening and diagnosis, the decision criteria, and the perception of gaps and duplications in services in a state in which free preschool screening and programs for young handicapped children have been available since 1977. Findings were consistent with results from surveys of model early childhood programs. The results indicated a heavy reliance on a limited number of instruments for screening, even though the technical adequacy of several of the instruments is questionable. The special educator was the professional most often involved in conducting preschool developmental assessments. Other findings and several issues related to early childhood screening and diagnosis are discussed.
Application of the Gabor-Nelson theory in electrocardiography.

The Gabor-Nelson theory provides the background for determining the accuracy of vectocardiographic lead systems; however, determination of the electric vector of the heart by means of this theory is extremely tedious. In the present paper a digital computer has been used to solve the Gabor-Nelson equations. The method was applied to two individuals and it was shown that the vectocardiogram obtained by the commonly used tetrahedral system differs significantly from that obtained by applying the Gabor-Nelson theory. The reasons for such a discrepancy are discussed.
Variation in mitogen-induced ovine lymphocyte blastogenesis: adherent cells or 2-mercaptoethanol restore randomly depressed responses.

Abstract Peripheral blood leucocytes (PBL) isolated 23 times over a 6-week period frommm four normal sheep showed considerable variation in serially tested responses to predetermined optimal concentrations of concanavalin A (Con A), phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), and pokeweed mitogen (PWM). Con A responses, in particular, varied widely and were often randomly depressed (21 of 91 times compared to 15 of 91 times for PHA or PWM). The addition of as few as 1% adherent cells (AC) to depressed cultures fully restored the PBL proliferative response to normal levels. Addition of greater numbers of AC (5 or 10%) had little further enhancing effect on depressed cultures. The addition of 1, 5, or 10% AC to cultures that were responding at normal levels increased responses only slightly. Autologous or allogeneic AC were equally effective. Addition of 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME) to depressed cultures only partially restored the blastogenic response to Con A and had little effect on normal cultures.
Should the UK Move to a Fair-Use Copyright Exception?

In the wake of two major government reviews in the United Kingdom, this paper considers whether there might be advantages, particularly in terms of encouraging innovative creative work, in moving the UK much closer to a position allowing courts to accept a claim of fair use as a general defence to a claim of copyright infringement. Since an EU directive holds UK and European jurisprudence to a specific defence based on enumerated purposes, the arguments in the paper are potentially of more general application beyond UK shores. A comparison is made between the operation of enumerated purposes for fair dealing in the UK and the US approach to copyright exceptions based on fair use, which is spreading internationally. A case is made on the basis of the nature of transformative use of existing expressive work, and noting that encouraging innovative work is part of the EU jurisprudence that has increasing impacted UK courts in recent years, making it by no means impossible to argue for fair use in a UK context, or, indeed, in a wider context.
Stable long-period cycling and complex dynamics in a single-locus fertility model with genomic imprinting

Although long-period population size cycles and chaotic fluctuations in abundance are common in ecological models, such dynamics are uncommon in simple population-genetic models where convergence to a fixed equilibrium is most typical. When genotype-frequency cycling does occur, it is most often due to frequency-dependent selection that results from individual or species interactions. In this paper, we demonstrate that fertility selection and genomic imprinting are sufficient to generate a Hopf bifurcation and complex genotype-frequency cycling in a single-locus population-genetic model. Previous studies have shown that on its own, fertility selection can yield stable two-cycles but not long-period cycling characteristic of a Hopf bifurcation. Genomic imprinting, a molecular mechanism by which the expression of an allele depends on the sex of the donating parent, allows fitness matrices to be nonsymmetric, and this additional flexibility is crucial to the complex dynamics we observe in this fertility selection model. Additionally, we find under certain conditions that stable oscillations and a stable equilibrium point can coexist. These dynamics are characteristic of a Chenciner (generalized Hopf) bifurcation. We believe this model to be the simplest population-genetic model with such dynamics.
An integral equation formulation for two-phase flow and other nonlinear flow problems through porous media

Many flow problems encountered in petroleum reservoir engineering are characterized by nonlinearities and are difficult to solve analytically. The concept of a relative mass flow rate function is used to arrive at an integral equation formulation for some of these nonlinear flow problems. This formulation has some distinct advantages over existing methods of handling such nonlinear flow problems because of its generality and simplicity. The problems considered include two-phase fluid displacement including the effect of capillary pressure and isothermal transient flow of gas. These problems can be described by nonlinear parabolic partial differential equations that have self-similar solutions. Exact semi-analytical solutions are obtained which can be easily evaluated using a rapidly-converging iteration process. A new understanding of the mechanism of the displacement of a non- wetting phase by a wetting phase has been developed that is dependent on a critical value of the dimensionless injection rate constant. 25 refs., 12 figs.
Larvae of the woodrat fleas Anomiopsyllus amphibolus and Atyphloceras echis echis (Siphonaptera: Hystrichopsyllidae).

The external morphology of Anomiopsyllus amphibolus Wagner, 1936 and Atyphloceras echis echis Jordan and Rothschild, 1915 larvae (Siphonaptera: Hystrichopsyllidae) from woodrat (Neotoma lepida) nests is described. Among known flea larvae, the genus Anomiopsyllus (Anomiopsyllinae, Anomiopsyllini) is as distinctive in larval form as are the adults. Among other distinctive features, only Anomiopsyllus are known to have only two ventrolateral setae. Atyphloceras (Hystrichopsyllinae, Hystrichopsyllini) larvae seem more similar in morphology to those of Typhloceras (Hystrichopsyllini) than to Hystrichopsylla , the other genus placed within the Hystrichopsyllini. Characters used to distinguish flea larvae found in Neotoma nests are discussed.
Feedback Effects on Spatial Egocentrism in Old Age

In literature on egocentrism, a decline in the ability to decenter with advanced age is indicated. In the present study, the extent to which perspective-taking feedback and practice reduce the egocentric performance of elderly individuals was examined. Eighteen men (X = 68.9 years, sd. = 7.14) and 18 women (X x 72.4 years, sd. = 3.65) were each assigned to one of three treatment conditions: feedback, practice, or control. Either immediately or 2 weeks after training, subjects were post-tested on measures of spatial egocentrism, fluid intelligence, perceptual speed, and volume conservation. The effect of perspective-taking feedback was to improve scores on the spatial egocentrism task, but this influence did not directly generalize to the other ability measures. Emphasis was placed on the importance of enviromental/experiential variables in the acquistion and maintenance of cognitive abilities in old age.
MDS 3.0: Brief Interview for Mental Status

Abstract Objectives To test the feasibility and validity of the Brief Interview for Mental Status (BIMS) as a performance-based cognitive screener that could be easily completed by nursing home staff. The current study examines the performance of the BIMS as part of the national testing of the Minimum Data Set 3.0 (MDS 3.0) for Nursing Homes. Methods The BIMS was tested as part of the national MDS 3.0 evaluation study among 3822 residents scheduled for MDS 2.0 assessments. Residents were from 71 community nursing homes (NHs) in eight states. Residents were randomly included in a feasibility sample (n = 3258) and a validation sample (n = 418). Cognition was assessed with three instruments: the Brief Interview for Mental Status (BIMS), the MDS 2.0 Cognitive Performance Scale (CPS), and the Modified Mini-Mental State Examination (3MS). Trained research nurses administered the 3MS and BIMS to all subjects in the validation study. The CPS score was determined based on the MDS 2.0 completed by nursing home staff who had undergone additional training on cognitive testing. Standard cutoff scores on the 100-point 3MS were used as the gold standard for any cognitive impairment ( Results The BIMS was attempted and completed in 90% of the 3258 residents in the feasiblity sample. BIMS scores covered the full instrument range (0–15). In the validation sample, correlation with the criterion measure (3MS) was higher for BIMS (0.906, P P P Discussion The BIMS, a short performance-based cognitive screener expressly designed to facilitate cognitive screening in MDS assessments, was completed in the majority of NH residents scheduled for MDS assessments in a large sample of NHs, demonstrating its feasibility. Compared with MDS 2.0 observational items, the BIMS performance-based assessment approach was more highly correlated with a criterion cognitive screening test and demonstrated greater accuracy. The majority of surveyed staff reported improved assessments with the new approach.
Anatomy of an entry vehicle experiment

The anatomy and evolution of a simple small-scale unmanned entry vehicle is described that is delivered to orbit by the shuttle and entered into the atmosphere from orbit to acquire flight data to improve our knowledge of boundary-layer behavior and evaluate advanced thermal protection systems. The anatomy of the experiment includes the justification for the experiments, instrumentation, configuration, material, and operational needs, and the translation of these needs into a configuration, weight statement, aerodynamics, program cost, and trajectory. Candidates for new instrumentation development are also identified for nonintrusive measurements of the boundary-layer properties.
African swine fever virus structural protein p72 contains a conformational neutralizing epitope

Abstract We have previously described a monoclonal antibody (mAb 135D4) to an unidentified 70- to 72-kDa African swine fever virus (ASFV) protein that exhibited high levels of neutralizing activity against various virulent ASFV isolates. Here, we identify the reactive ASFV protein as the major virus structural protein p72. In vitro -translated products of the p72 protein gene were specifically immunoprecipitated by mAb 135D4. Immunoprecipitation of a nested set of truncated p72 in vitro translation products defined the region between amino acid residues 400 and 404 as necessary for mAb 135D4 reactivity. Five partially overlapping peptides (15mers) covering residues 388-446 failed to react with mAb 135D4, suggesting the conformational dependence of the epitope. Supporting this interpretation, larger in vitro translation products representing residues 56282, 159-361, 360-508, and 507-646 also failed to react with mAb 135D4. Consistent with its involvement in virus neutralization, immunoelectromicroscopy, using a rabbit antiserum against mAb 135D4-purified p72, located the protein on the surface of unenveloped virus particles.
Shallow strategy development in a teachable agent environment designed to support self-regulated learning

To support self-regulated learning (SRL), computer-based learning environments (CBLEs) are often designed to be open-ended and multidimensional. These systems incorporate diverse features that allow students to enact and reveal their SRL strategies via the choices they make. However, research shows that students' use of such features is limited; students often neglect SRL-supportive tools in CBLEs. In this study, we examined middle school students' feature use and strategy development over time using a teachable agent system called Betty's Brain. Students learned about climate change and thermoregulation in two units spanning several weeks. Learning was assessed using a pretest-posttest design, and students' interactions with the system were logged. Results indicated that use of SRL-supportive tools was positively correlated with learning outcomes. However, promising strategy patterns weakened over time due to shallow strategy development, which also negatively impacted the efficacy of the system. Although students seemed to acquire one beneficial strategy, they did so at the cost of other beneficial strategies. Understanding this phenomenon may be a key avenue for future research on SRL-supportive CBLEs. We consider two hypotheses for explaining and perhaps reducing shallow strategy development: a student-centered hypothesis related to ''gaming the system,'' and a design-centered hypothesis regarding how students are scaffolded via the system.
Controlling a Process to a Goal in Finite Time

A player starts at x in 0, 1 and seeks to reach 1 by time t0. The process {Xt, 0 ≤ t ≤ t0} of the player's positions is a diffusion process or an Ito process whose infinitesimal parameters μ, σ are chosen by the player at each instant of time from a set depending on the current position. The probability of reaching 1 by time t0 is maximized if the player can and does choose the parameters so that σ and μ/σ2 are maximized, at least when these maxima are sufficiently regular. This result implies that bold play is optimal for subfair, continuous-time red-and-black and roulette when there is a limit on playing time.
Apparent extracellular glycoprotein turnover product from Candida albicans

Low molecular weight material was isolated from the culture medium of three strains of Candida albicans. This material was produced from exponentially growing cultures and it appeared from chemical analysis to represent the carbohydrate portion of cell surface glycoproteins. The material contained a few residual amino acids which were interpreted to represent the attachment points of carbohydrate to protein and the remanents protease cleavage sites. Some of this material could be generated artificially by treating intact cells with papain.
Measurement of Race and Ethnicity in a Changing, Multicultural America

It is well accepted that concepts of race, ethnicity, and ancestry are changing constructs that reflect the social, economic, and political climate of the times. Studying the history of the collection of data on race, place of birth, Hispanic origin, and ancestry in US decennial censuses provides a better understanding of the race and ethnic concepts currently in use for official federal statistics. This history can help guide the evolution of these concepts for research on alternative measurement approaches, future censuses, and future statistics. The purpose of this paper is threefold. The first objective is to provide a historical overview of race and ethnic measurement in US decennial censuses. The second and third objectives are to present Census Bureau plans to experiment with alternative approaches to measuring race and ethnicity in the 2010 Census and to discuss race and ethnic measurement issues for future decennial censuses.
Determination of mercury in blood.

(1960). Determination of Mercury in Blood. American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal: Vol. 21, No. 6, pp. 475-480.
Rapid reversed phase high performance liquid chromatographic assay method for ranitidine hydrochloride in dosage forms

Abstract A HPLC method with photometric detection has been developed for the rapid assay of ranitidine hydrochloride in dosage forms and samples from tablet dissolution testing. This method also separates ranitidine from its related compound ranitidine S-oxide. Analyses were carried out on a Microsorb-MV C18 column, with a (1:1) mixture of methanol-0.01 M Na2HPO4 (pH 7.0) as the mobile phase, and detection at 320 nm. At a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min, typical retention times for ranitidine and its S-oxide compound were 3.50 min and 1.95 min, respectively. Detector responses were linearly related to on column concentrations of ranitidine and ranitidine S-oxide in the ranges 0.035–9.000 μq and 0.005–0.320 μg, respectively. Recoveries of ranitidine from spiked synthetic formulations simulating tablets, injections and syrups ranged from 99.7 ± 0.5% to 100.5 ± 0.5% of the added amount (n = 2). For assay purposes, tablets were extracted into or liquid samples (injections, syrups) were quantitatively diluted with met...
Taxing Consumption in an Open Economy

This article examines the effects of consumption taxation on capital accumulation, net foreign asset holdings, the trade balance, and welfare in a two-country overlap ping generations model. Govern...
Hydrodynamic analysis of a gulf-stream turbine using the vortex lattice method

The main objective of this paper is to carry out a rigorous hydrodynamic analysis of gulf-stream turbines and determine power for a range of flow and geometric parameters. For the purpose, a computational tool based on the vortex lattice method (VLM) is developed. Velocity of the flow on the turbine blades, in relation to the free-stream velocity, is determined through induction factors. The geometry of trailing vortices is taken to be helicoidal. The VLM code is validated by comparing its results with other theoretical and experimental data corresponding to flows about finite - aspect ratio foils, swept wings and a marine current turbine. The validated code is then used to study the performance of the prototype gulfstream turbine for a range of parameters. Power and thrust coefficients are calculated for a range of tip speed ratios and pitch angles. Of all the cases studied, the one corresponding to tip speed ratio of 8 and uniform pitch angle 20 produced the maximum power of 41.3 [kW] in a current of 1.73 [m/s]. The corresponding power coefficient is 0.45 which is slightly less than the Betz limit power coefficient of 0.5926. The VLM computational tool developed for the research is found to be quite efficient in that it takes only a fraction of a minute on a regular laptop PC to complete a run. The tool can therefore be efficiently used or integrated into software for design optimization.
The Development of Intentionality: Training and Supervision Implications

This study explored the influence of training on the development of intentionality in mental health counseling trainees. The purpose was to determine if students at the internship level of training would demonstrate qualitative differences in their use of intentions during and upon reflecting on counseling sessions than would pre-internship students. The findings suggest that students both at the internship and pre-internship levels may not demonstrate intentionality for approximately one-quarter of a counseling session. Consequently, the need for a stage model of counselor intentionality that can build upon current conceptualizations of intentionality to better inform training, post-graduate field supervision, and future research is discussed.
Flares of systemic lupus erythematosus during pregnancy and the puerperium: prevention, diagnosis and management

Systemic lupus erythematosus is a systemic autoimmune disease that primarily affects women in their reproductive age years. Pregnancy in systemic lupus erythematosus now has favorable outcomes for the majority of women. However, flares of disease activity, preeclampsia, fetal loss, intrauterine growth retardation and preterm birth are established risks of such pregnancies. Active lupus nephritis at the time of conception poses the greatest risk for disease flares and poor obstetric outcomes. Patients should delay conception until their lupus has been in remission for at least 6 months. In addition, certain lupus medications are potentially teratogenic and need to be stopped before conception. The signs and symptoms of a lupus flare may mimic those of normal pregnancy, impeding its recognition during pregnancy. Hydroxychloroquine, low-dose prednisone, pulse intravenous methylprednisolone and azathioprine are commonly used to treat lupus flares during pregnancy.
Life events and suicidal ideation and behavior: A systematic review

Despite the sustained theoretical and empirical interest over the past 40years in the association between life events and suicidal ideation and behavior, the literature in this area has yet to be systematically reviewed. The current article provides a comprehensive review of the empirical literature pertaining to life events in relation to at least one aspect of suicidal ideation and behavior (i.e., suicidal ideation, plans, attempts, degree of suicidal intent, medical severity of attempt, repeat versus first lifetime attempt status, and death by suicide). A total of 95 articles meeting inclusion criteria were identified by a literature search using Medline and PsycINFO. Evidence for an association between negative life events and suicidal ideation and behavior was generally consistent, with strongest support found for more severe than with less severe forms of suicidal ideation and behavior. Support for an inverse relation between positive events and suicidal ideation and behavior was generally lacking. Although there is general support for life stressors as a risk factor for suicidal ideation and behavior, interpretation of these findings is constrained by methodological limitations prevalent in much of the literature, particularly in the case of suicidal ideation and suicide plans. Recommendations for future research are provided.
Appraisal of Physiological Fitness in Persons with Spinal Cord Injury

Persons with spinal cord injury (SCI) display significantly greater incidences of obesity and chronic diseases, including coronary heart disease, stroke, and diabetes, that are associated with a relatively inactive lifestyle. Although increased levels of activity have been shown to improve health, increase resistance to disease, and enhance physical capacities in the general population, such associations have not been demonstrated in the population of persons with SCI. The development and implementation of physiological fitness assessments to determine body composition, cardiorespiratory function, muscular strength, and power may assist in the validation of lifestyle interventions specific to persons with SCI.
A simple X-band waveguide-to-microstrip E-probe transition

A low-cost, easy to fabricate waveguide-to-microstrip E-probe transition for the entire × band is introduced. Experimental data shows the E-probe transition to be broadband with low insertion loss. The design of a test fixture to characterize accurately a single waveguide-to-microstrip transition is also presented.
Multiple stationary states for deformable drops in linear Stokes flows

Using a small-deformation expansion and numerical simulations we study stationary shapes of viscous drops in two-dimensional linear Stokes flows with nonzero vorticity. We show that high-viscosity drops in flows with vorticity magnitude β≪1 have two branches of stable stationary states. One branch corresponds to nearly spherical drops stabilized primarily by rotation, and the other to elongated drops stabilized primarily by capillary forces. For drop-to-continuous-phase viscosity ratios beyond a critical value λc, the rotationally stabilized solution exists in the absence of capillary stresses, because the rate of drop deformation (but not rotation) decreases with drop viscosity. We show that λc=10β−2, and the capillary stresses required for drop stability vanish at λc with exponent 1/2, as required by flow-reversal symmetry.
Statins for secondary prevention: might less in fact be more?

Statin therapy following myocardial infarction is a pillar of the secondary prevention approach. However, defining a maximally beneficial dosing strategy requires attention to both cardiovascular outcomes and to the potentially unsavory clinical adverse effects of high-dose therapy.
Optimization Based Geometric Modeling of Nano/Micro Scale Ion Milling of Organic Materials

Recently, Focused Ion Beam (FIB) instruments have begun be applied to organic materials such as polymers and biological systems. This provides a novel tool for sectioning biological samples for analysis, or microfabrication with environment friendly materials. The modeling of nano/micro scale geometry accurately sculptured by FIB milling is crucial for generating the milling plan and process control, and for computer simulation for prediction and visualization of the milled geometry. However, modeling of the ion milling process on compound materials, especially for high aspect ratio feature, is still difficult due to the complexity of target material, as well as multiple physical and chemical interactions involved. In this study, a comprehensive model of ion milling with organic targets is presented to address the challenges using a simulation based approach. This platform has also been validated by milling different features on water ice in a cryogenic environment, and the simulation and experiment results show great consistency. With the proliferation of nanotechnology to biomedical and biomaterial domains, the proposed approach is expected to be a flexible tool for various applications involving novel and heterogeneous milling targets.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
The green cerebrospinal fluid.

d g p ( PRESENTATION A sample of cerebrospinal fluid from a 52-year-old-woman told an interesting tale. The patient reported a 1-week history of worsening headache, shortness of breath, and fatigue but denied any fever, chest pain, orthopnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, or diarrhea. She had experienced a subarachnoid hemorrhage 7 months earlier, and at that time, she had required several ventricular shunts for persistent hydrocephalus. When she was admitted to the Rush University Medical Center, she had a functioning ventriculopleural shunt. The original device was inserted 4 months before her current illness but replaced 2 months later at the same site after it malfunctioned.