cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Synthesizing multi-phase HDL programs

We present a novel approach to synthesizing hardware implementation from hardware description language (HDL) programs that could not be automatically synthesized before. We deal with multi phase/multi stage designs, and demonstrate that this problem can be mapped into a class of timed automata which is called "multi phase" finite state machines (FSM). We propose three procedures to decompose a multi phase FSM into a network of interacting single phase FSMs. The first two procedures are based on the region graph expansion of a timed automata (R. Alur and D. Dill, 1990). The first procedure extracts single phase FSMs iteratively from a region graph. The second procedure formulates the decomposition problem as an integer linear programming. These two region graph based procedures may suffer from explosion in the number of regions. The third procedure, without building intermediate transition structures, constructs single phase FSMs directly from the transition structure of a multi phase FSM. It is more efficient but redundancy might exist in the constructed FSMs. Not only can these procedures be used for the synthesis from a multi phase design, they can also be used to speed up FSM based simulation.
A Course on Multimedia QoS Networking: Transition to Hybrid Offering and Comparative Evaluation

A companion paper describes the development and evaluation of the on-campus format of a novel Multimedia QoS Networking course that introduces students to the basic principles and current developments in this emerging field through a combination of lecture, topic exploration, and paper critiquing and discussion. This paper presents: (i) the transformation of the course from the on-campus-only format to a hybrid on-campus/distance learning format, and (ii) the comparative evaluation of the two formats and different forms of the paper critique discussions in the hybrid format. While the lecture (40% of class time) and topic exploration (30% of class time) components could be transformed with standard approaches to the hybrid on-campus/distance education with streaming class video format, the transformation of the highly interactive paper critique discussions (30% of class time), which are crucial for developing a deep understanding of the course content, proved challenging. Three different forms of the paper critique discussion were tested and evaluated: 1) in-class discussion (with distance students visiting the campus or viewing the video of the recorded discussion), 2) asynchronous Web-based discussion board, and 3) synchronous Web-based live chat. The two course formats as well as the different forms of the paper critique discussion in the hybrid course format were evaluated through extensive student surveys and interviews. The results indicate that student attitudes were approximately equally positive toward both course formats. There was a tendency for the asynchronous discussions to be perceived more positively in terms of learning effectiveness and effectiveness of interaction with the peers than the live chat discussion, while the live chat was preferred in terms of interaction with the instructor. These results and the reported student feedback to the open-ended survey questions and the interviews provide valuable guidance for designing interactive seminar-style courses on emerging topics in a hybrid format
Evolving Views of DNA Replication (In)Fidelity

"It has not escaped our notice that the specific pairing we have postulated immediately suggests a possible copying mechanism for the genetic material" (Watson and Crick 1953). In the years since this remarkable understatement, we have come to realize the enormous complexity of the cellular machinery devoted to replicating DNA with the accuracy needed to maintain genetic information over many generations, balanced by the emergence of mutations on which selection can act. This complexity is partly based on the need to remove or tolerate cytotoxic and mutagenic lesions in DNA generated by environmental stress. Considered here is the fidelity with which undamaged and damaged DNA is replicated by the many DNA polymerases now known to exist. Some of these seriously violate Watson-Crick base-pairing rules such that, depending on the polymerase, the composition and location of the error, and the ability to correct errors (or not), DNA synthesis error rates can vary by more than a millionfold. This offers the potential to modulate rates of point mutations over a wide range, with consequences that can be either deleterious or beneficial.
Persistent activation of calcium-activated and calcium-independent protein kinase C in response to electrical afterdischarge from peptidergic neurons of Aplysia

The purpose of this work was to investigate the effects of electrical afterdischarge on protein kinase C (PKC) activity from bag cell neurons (BCNs) of Aplysia. Bilateral clusters of BCNs were divided: one cluster was stimulated to afterdischarge, the other was a control. Clusters were processed for PKC activity assay 5-120 min after electrical stimulation. Afterdischarge triggered a rapid and persistent increase in both calcium-activated and calcium-independent PKC activity.
Navigation in the Software Development Information Space

This paper describes a usability study comparing two alternative interface designs used to navigate the software development information space. The results of this study were used to determine the default navigation design for a software development tool. The study provided insight into how programmers navigate the software development information space and the results are described in the context of navigational theories such as visual momentum.
Underground coal thermal treatment as a potential low-carbon energy source

Abstract We evaluate a novel energy strategy, underground coal thermal treatment (UCTT); it involves slowly pyrolyzing coal in-situ, transforming it to a synthetic gas stream containing hydrogen and low molecular-weight hydrocarbons, liquid fuel and char. This evaluation assesses the life-cycle energy and greenhouse gas (GHG) impacts of UCTT for all process stages. It is based on experimental results at two scales, a simple heat-transfer model and literature results. The results show that UCTT can produce a high-quality liquid product and a gas mixture. UCTT's GHG emissions are in the range of those reported for in situ processing of oil shale. Net energy returns (NERs) of 0.48–4.7 are in the range reported oil sands (2.8) and oil shale (0.48–2.6). Product yield at low temperatures, heater temperature, the number of heaters and the moisture content of the coal are key factors in determining the feasibility of the UCTT process.
The C. elegans gene vab-8 guides posteriorly directed axon outgrowth and cell migration

The assembly of the nervous system in the nematode C. elegans requires the directed migrations of cells and growth comes along the anteroposterior and dorsoventral body axis. We show here that the gene vab-8 is essential for most posteriorly directed migrations of cells and growth cones. Mutations in vab-8 disrupt fourteen of seventeen posteriorly directed migrations, but only two of seventeen anteriorly directed and dorsoventral migrations. For two types of neurons that extend axons both anteriorly and posteriorly, vab-8 mutations disrupt only the growth of the posteriorly directed axon. vab-8 encodes two genetic activities that function in the guidance of different migrations. Our results suggest that most posteriorly directed cell and growth cone migrations are guided by a common mechanism involving the vab-8 gene.
Experimental Study and Simple Failure Analysis of Stitched J-Stiffened Composite Shear Panels:

Two fuselage type, stitched composite shear panels with J-shape stiffeners manufactured through the process of Resin Transfer Molding technique were tested. Through the diagonal tension tests, it was found that failure of each panel occurred at approximately 3.5 times its initial buckling load, indicating significant diagonal tension strength. Neither of the panels failed by stiffener “pop-off,” showing that the stitching helps to inhibit this failure mode. No other damage or delamination of the panel was visible as well.The newly developed generalized Yeh-Stratton (Y-S) failure criterion was used to evaluate the failure of these composite panels. Compared with several other failure criteria, the calculated failure loads are quite close to experimental results and all are conservative. The Y-S criterion is the most conservative for this case.
Product tree quantization for approximate nearest neighbor search

The product quantization (PQ) performance degrades on read-world data due to the severity of dependence between feature groups. Meanwhile, tree structured vector quantization (TSVQ) often supply lower distortion than other structured vector quantizers; yet it is prohibitive to learning compact codes like PQ does considering its codebook storage. In this paper, we propose a hybrid model dubbed as product tree quantization (PTQ) that aims to relax the PQ constraints while to retain the tree-structured codebooks with reasonable size. We first show that our methods can achieve significantly better quantization performance on several large scale benchmarks. We then demonstrate the advantage for very large scale ANN search; for instance, on a 1-billion scale dataset, we have achieved on average 4% improvement in accuracy than the existing state of the art methods.
Synthetic Progress Towards a TMC-95 Analogue as a Potential Proteasome Inhibitor

Recently, four novel compounds, TMC 95A-D 1 (R1, R2 = H or OH; R3, R4 = H, OH or CH3), have been isolated from the fermentation broth of Apiospora montagnei Sacc. TC 1093 [1,2], and shown to inhibit the 20S proteasome (IC50 = 5.4–60 nM), an eukaryotic threonine protease responsible for the degradation of most cell proteins [3]. Increased levels of this enzyme and subsequent protein breakdown have been related to different diseases such as malaria, inflammation and cancer. Thus, inhibition of the proteasome is currently becoming a promising therapeutic target. In this work, we describe the synthetic approaches towards the synthesis of a novel indole analog 2 of the core of 1 to evaluate its possible activity as a proteasome inhibitor (Figure 1).
Lessons Learned Developing a Planning System

We discuss engineering lessons learned while developing a planning system. We reaffirm not only well known techniques of software engineering such as top-down structured programming, but we also discuss our own policies (the good, the bad and the unimplemented) from which others might choose or avoid to their benefit. Another category of lessons learned is knowledge of what we do not know how to do. An example of this is pattern matching across plan nodes. We also discuss useful ideas which have evolved from the planning project. Examples of these include a one stage Rete network, coreferentiality, asynchronous plan development, and priority of constraint rules.
Catalytic Carbonylative Spirolactonization of Hydroxycyclopropanols

A palladium-catalyzed cascade carbonylative spirolactonization of hydroxycyclopropanols has been developed to efficiently synthesize oxaspirolactones common to many complex natural products of important therapeutic value. The mild reaction conditions, high atom economy, broad substrate scope, and scalability of this new method were highlighted in expedient total syntheses of the Turkish tobacco natural products α-levantanolide and α-levantenolide in two and four steps, respectively. The hydroxycyclopropanol substrates are readily available in one step via a Kulinkovich reaction of the corresponding lactones. Mechanistic studies utilizing high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) identified several key intermediates in the catalytic cycle, as well as those related to catalyst decomposition and competitive pathways.
A note on the distortionary effects of revenue-neutral tolls in a bottleneck congestion game

Abstract This note demonstrates how the redistribution of revenue from a Pigouvian policy can distort incentives and handicap the social objectives of the policy by creating a moral hazard problem. Based on the Levinson (2005) game theory model, I develop a three-player bottleneck congestion game that emulates a repeated prisoner’s dilemma and derive efficient tolls. This conceptual game demonstrates the distortionary effects from a revenue-neutral toll policy with lump-sum revenue redistribution and the equity-efficiency tradeoff.
Restrictive Cardiomyopathy Associated With Skeletal Myopathies

This chapter presents the clinical and genetic aspects of restrictive cardiomyopathy in general and the forms of skeletal myopathy that have been associated with restrictive cardiomyopathy. The nomenclature, definition, common terminologies, and clinical manifestations of restrictive cardiomyopathy are discussed. Because the essential aspect of cardiomyopathy is the presence of myocardial disease, the physiology of diastole and the distinction between ventricular and myocardial diastolic function are discussed in detail along with the diagnostic modalities available to differentiate between them. The specific disorders that have been associated with the combination of skeletal myopathy and restrictive cardiomyopathy are discussed including secondary forms such as amyloidosis and sarcoidosis and the lack of association with sarcomeric cardiomyopathy. All of the primary restrictive cardiomyopathies that have been reported (desmin myopathy, laminopathy, myofibrillar myopathy, multicore myopathy, distal myopathy with rimmed vacuoles, mitochondrial, and nonspecific myopathy) are presented with a specific review of the reported cases.
Efficiency and robustness capabilities of MGs with AMI using dynamic algorithm of energy consumption prediction

The ongoing enhancement of Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) is a key factor in improving the development and efficiency of current Microgrids (MGs). The main fundamental technologies driving AMI are the newest generation of Smart Meters (SMs) and the implementation of Internet of Things (IoT) sensors in appliances. Both of these technological innovations enable the design of an AMI with dynamic energy consumption prediction, integrated in broadband telecommunications networks. To predict the energy consumption an algorithm exploits the built-in load profile associated with each appliance in the MG. It was shown that by using an algorithm that queries and processes real-time energy requests at a finer granularity level, the MGs efficiency is improved. Moreover, application of this algorithm in clusters of MGs that share energy and communication resources increases the efficiency and reduces the peak load compared to the use of a single MG by dynamic energy consumption equalization.
Impurity detection in a chain of spherical particles using time reversal and highly nonlinear solitary waves

We present a numerical study on the application of time reversal principles to highly nonlinear solitary waves (HNSWs) propagating along a one-dimensional granular crystal. HNSWs are compact non-dispersive waves that have been recently investigated in many fields of engineering including lensing, impact absorption, and nondestructive evaluation. Time reversal is instead a method to reconstruct a wave at the location where the wave was originated by reversing the same wave scattered at any other point. The overall principle applied in the present research is that a solitary pulse can be induced by a piezo-actuator inserted in the chain; the pulse travels forward and is captured by a second piezo-actuator, acting as a sensor; here, the signal is reversed in the time domain and then reapplied by the second piezo-actuator; the reversed signal travels backward through the chain, is sensed by the first piezo-actuator, and is collected as a reconstructed signal of the original one. In this study, we hypothesize ...
First-Principles Calculation of Pt Surface Energies in an Electrochemical Environment: Thermodynamic Driving Forces for Surface Faceting and Nanoparticle Reconstruction

Platinum is a widely used catalyst in aqueous and electrochemical environments. The size and shape of Pt nanoparticles and the faceting (and roughness) of extended Pt surfaces change during use in these environments due to dissolution, growth, and reconstruction. Further, many Pt nanoparticle synthesis techniques are carried out in an aqueous environment. The surface structures formed are impacted by the relative surface energies of the low index facets in these environments. Density functional theory is used to calculate the surface energy of the low index facets of platinum as a function of electrochemical potential and coverage of adsorbed hydrogen, hydroxide, oxygen, and the formation of surface oxide in an aqueous environment. Whereas Pt(111) is the lowest energy bare surface in vacuum, the strong adsorption of hydrogen to Pt(100) at low potentials and of hydroxide to Pt(110) and oxygen to Pt(100) at high potentials drives these surfaces to be more stable in an electrochemical environment. We experim...
The Effects of Postprandial Exercise on Glucose Control in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review.

Regulation of postprandial hyperglycemia is a major concern for individuals with type 2 diabetes. Exercise can reduce postprandial hyperglycemia by increasing contraction-mediated glucose uptake. However, there is no consensus with which to develop guidelines for optimal postprandial exercise timing and prescription. The current systematic review was conducted to consolidate the literature surrounding the effects of postprandial exercise on glucose regulation in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Electronic databases were searched on 17 February 2017. Inclusion criteria were: (1) trial was a randomized crossover trial; (2) subjects were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes; (3) a standardized meal was given; (4) exercise was initiated within three hours of the meal; (5) subjects were not treated with insulin. Twelve studies met the inclusion criteria, involving 135 participants (108 males, 20 females, seven unknown). The included studies varied greatly in their timing, duration, intensity, modality, and glucose measures. Postprandial aerobic exercise (11 studies) decreased short-term glucose area under the curve by 3.4–26.6% and 24-h prevalence of hyperglycemia by 11.9–65%. Resistance exercise (two studies) decreased the short-term glucose area under the curve by 30% and 24-h prevalence of hyperglycemia by 35%. Postprandial exercise may be an effective way to improve glucose control in individuals with type 2 diabetes. The most consistent benefits were seen in long-duration (≥ 45 min), moderate-intensity aerobic exercise. Resistance training also appears to be an effective modality. We recommend that individuals with type 2 diabetes focus on increasing energy expenditure after the largest meal of the day. More research is needed in this area to confirm the results of this systematic review and to provide clinicians with specific exercise recommendations.
Giant Cell Tumor

Giant cell lesions (GCLs) are benign primary bone tumors of mesenchymal origin. They consist of a stroma with fibroblast-like spindle cells, multinucleated giant cells, and a dense vascular network composed of endothelial cell-lined capillaries. The biology, epidemiology, presentation, diagnosis and evaluation, treatment, and outcomes of GCL are presented in this chapter. This chapter can be used as a guide for clinicians treating patients who present with GCLs.
Nucleation and Propagation of Portevin-Le Châtelier Bands in Austenitic Steel with Twinning Induced Plasticity

Twinning induced plasticity (TWIP) steels have high manganese content and exhibit extreme strain hardening and elongation. Tensile flow curves show serrations due to dynamic strain aging associated with solute-dislocation interactions. Highly inhomogeneous plastic flow is manifested by Portevin-Le Chatelier (PLC) band nucleation and propagation. In this research, TWIP steel tensile specimens were quasi-statically deformed to fracture at room temperature. Images of one specimen surface were recorded with a variable framing rate high speed digital camera and custom image acquisition software. A digital image correlation technique was used to compute incremental strain rate maps that enabled study of PLC band nucleation and propagation. The impact of tensile specimen geometry on the location of band nucleation along the specimen gauge section was also explored. Fracture surfaces and material chemistry were examined with SEM and energy dispersive mapping.
Reactor In-Situ Test-Fuel Neutron Radiography

The hodoscope at TREAT has been adapted to provide time-integrated radiographic images of fuel distribution. The reactor operating at a low steady-state power induces fission neutrons in the test fuel monitored by the hodoscope. The fast neutrons are detected in two arrays of recoil-proton detectors. A fast-neutron radiograph can be reconstructed from the digital data. Four key benefits are: the radiographs have good sample density contrast, the data may be obtained soon after a preceding destructive experiment, it is not necessary to disturb the test sample, and the digital data format is directly compatible with quantitative analysis.
Designing a Wearable Technology Intervention to Support Young Adults With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities in Inclusive Postsecondary Academic Environments

In response to the increasing number of young adults with intellectual and development disability (IDD) in inclusive postsecondary settings, a wearable technology application was designed to suppor...
Biomarkers for Early Stages of Johne's Disease Infection and Immunization in Goats.

Background. Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (M. paratuberculosis) is the causative agent of Johne’s disease, a chronic enteric infection of ruminants. Infection occurs within the first few months of life but remains subclinical for an average of 2-5 years. Current diagnostics to detect early subclinical infections lack diagnostic sensitivity, which hinders disease control resulting in significant economic losses to the dairy industry worldwide. The pathophysiology of early infection with M. paratuberculosis is still not well understood and represents a key hurdle towards the development of better diagnostics. Methods. The present study employed a large-scale RNA-Sequencing technology to better understand early stages of M. paratuberculosis infection and immunization. Specifically, gene expression profiles of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from infected and vaccinated goats were compared to controls. Results. The transcriptome of the control goats revealed a large number of genes (N = 226, 1018, 1714, 1133) that were differentially expressed compared to the M. paratuberculosis-infected goats, goats vaccinated with live attenuated or inactivated vaccines, and goats both vaccinated and infected. Bioinformatics evaluation of the differentially expressed genes indicated the regulation of a large number of genes with immunity and inflammatory functions including IL-18BP, IFN-γ, IL-17A, NOS2, LIPG and IL-22. Interestingly, a large number of goat genes (N=667) were regulated whether live or inactivated vaccine were used. Some of the regulated genes (e.g. IL-17A, IFN-) continued its unique transcriptional profile up to 12 months post-challenge. Conclusions. Overall, transcriptome analysis of infected and/or immunized goats identified potential targets for developing early diagnostics for Johne’s disease and a potential approach to differentiate infected from vaccinated animals. A similar approach could be used to analyze later stages of Johne’s disease or other chronic infections.
Influence of Cationic meso-Substituted Porphyrins on the Antimicrobial Photodynamic Efficacy and Cell Membrane Interaction in Escherichia coli.

Photodynamic inactivation (PDI) is a non-antibiotic option for the treatment of infectious diseases. Although Gram-positive bacteria have been shown to be highly susceptible to PDI, the inactivation of Gram-negative bacteria has been more challenging due to the impermeability properties of the outer membrane. In the present study, a series of photosensitizers which contain one to four positive charges (1–4) were used to evaluate the charge influence on the PDI of a Gram-negative bacteria, Escherichia coli (E. coli), and their interaction with the cell membrane. The dose-response PDI results confirm the relevance of the number of positive charges on the porphyrin molecule in the PDI of E. coli. The difference between the Hill coefficients of cationic porphyrins with 1–3 positive charges and the tetra-cationic porphyrin (4) revealed potential variations in their mechanism of inactivation. Fluorescent live-cell microscopy studies showed that cationic porphyrins with 1–3 positive charges bind to the cell membrane of E. coli, but are not internalized. On the contrary, the tetra-cationic porphyrin (4) permeates through the membrane of the cells. The contrast in the interaction of cationic porphyrins with E. coli confirmed that they followed different mechanisms of inactivation. This work helps to have a better understanding of the structure-activity relationship in the efficiency of the PDI process of cationic porphyrins against Gram-negative bacteria.
BIOMECHANIC DATA-DRIVEN BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION TO REDUCE CONCUSSION RISK IN HIGH SCHOOL FOOTBALL ATHLETES:

Background:Each year, between 1.1 and 1.9 million sports and recreation-related concussions occur annually in US children aged =18 years. Football has a high concussion incidence relative to other ...
Prevalence Rates of Students Identified for Special Education and Their Interstate Variability: A Longitudinal Approach.

We investigated the variability across states in the prevalence of learning disabilities (LD) as reported by the U. S. Department of Education’s Office of Special Education Programs (OSEP). This ex...
Cellular Recruitment by Podocyte-Derived Pro-migratory Factors in Assembly of the Human Renal Filter.

Analysis of kidney disease-causing genes and pathology resulting from systemic diseases highlight the importance of the kidney's filtering system, the renal corpuscles. To elucidate the developmental processes that establish the renal corpuscle, we performed single-nucleus droplet-based sequencing of the human fetal kidney. This enabled the identification of nephron, interstitial, and vascular cell types that together generate the renal corpuscles. Trajectory analysis identified transient developmental gene expression, predicting precursors or mature podocytes express FBLN2, BMP4, or NTN4, in conjunction with recruitment, differentiation, and modeling of vascular and mesangial cell types into a functional filter. In vitro studies provide evidence that these factors exhibit angiogenic or mesangial recruiting and inductive properties consistent with a key organizing role for podocyte precursors in kidney development. Together these studies define a spatiotemporal developmental program for the primary filtration unit of the human kidney and provide novel insights into cell interactions regulating co-assembly of constituent cell types.
Survey of influenza vaccine knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs among pregnant women in the 2016-17 season.

Abstract Objectives Influenza vaccination coverage among pregnant women in the United States is suboptimal. We surveyed women who were pregnant during the 2016–17 influenza season to assess knowledge and attitudes regarding influenza vaccination. Methods We identified and sampled pregnant women to include approximately equal numbers of vaccinated and unvaccinated women from strata defined by vaccination status and trimester from four integrated health systems in the Vaccine Safety Datalink (VSD). Potential participants were contacted via mail and telephone to complete a standardized survey. Characteristics and responses of women vaccinated and unvaccinated during pregnancy were compared. Results The survey was completed by 510 (48%) of 1062 contacted women; 500 were included in the analysis. Vaccine receipt while pregnant was associated with primigravida status (p = 0.02), college degree (p = 0.01), employment in health care (p Conclusions Vaccinated pregnant women were more likely to receive routine annual influenza vaccine compared to those not vaccinated. Recommendations by obstetric providers should be supplemented with efforts to encourage women of childbearing age to receive annual vaccination.
Experimental study of hot electron generation in shock ignition relevant high-intensity regime with large scale hot plasmas

In the shock ignition (SI) laser fusion scheme, hot electrons generated by the laser spike pulse can either preheat the fuel or strengthen the ignition shock, depending on the hot electron characteristics. We conducted a planar target experiment on the OMEGA-EP laser facility and characterized the temperature and total energy of hot electrons generated from a kilojoule-class 100-ps infrared (IR) or a 1-ns ultraviolet (UV) laser interacting with a large ( L n ∼ 330 − 450 μm) and hot ( T e ∼ 1 − 2 keV) coronal plasma at the SI-relevant intensities ( ∼ 10 16 W / cm 2). The IR laser converts ∼2.5% energy into hot electrons with T hot ∼ 60–90 keV, while the UV laser couples 0.8 % ± 0.7 % energy into T hot = 27 ± 9 keV hot electrons. The IR-produced hot electrons yield five times higher Cu K α emission than the UV case, confirming the higher electron conversion efficiency with the IR laser. The low energy conversion from the UV laser to hot electrons may be due to the refraction of the off-normal incident laser in the large coronal plasma. These findings are the first comparisons of hot electron generation between the IR and UV pulses at kilojoule scales in SI-relevant large-scale plasmas. The findings may expand the SI design space to include IR lasers as the possible spike lasers.
Joint Design Optimization for Accelerated Construction of Slab Beam Bridges

Abstract The Florida Slab Beam (FSB) has been developed by the Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT) to be used for short-span bridges [less than about 19.8 m (65 ft) long]. The FSB system co...
Introduction to a special issue on military neuropsychology: Serving those who serve.

The military has a long history with neuropsychology and its precursors. From developing intelligence tests during World War I, to developing early capacity and personality assessments during World...
ANALISIS DAMPAK DESENTRALISASI PENDIDIKAN DAN RELEVANSI SCHOOL BASED MANAGEMENT

Artikel ini menjelaskan bagaimana system pendidikan yang awalnya sentralisasi menjadi desentralisasi. Setiap perubahan tentu saja berkonsekuensi (berdampak) baik positif maupun negatif, tidak terkecuali pada sistem pendidikan. Penelitian ini merupakan kajian literatur, sumber primer yang digunakan adalah kebijakan pemerintah yang dituangkan pada undang-undang, dan untuk sumper primernya diambil dari sumber-sumber yang relevan guna menganalisis secara kritis dampak dari kebijakan tersebut. Hasil dari penelitian ini ada beberapa poin, yaitu (1) kebijkan yang digulirkan memiliki tujuan yang sangat ideal (2) ketidak siapan daerah dalam menerima perubahan (3) munculya raja-raja kecil di setiap daerah karena merasa memiliki kekuasaan penuh dalam mengelola daerahnya masing-masing (4) Sikap merasa menguasai memunculkan KKN (korupsi, kolusi dan nepotisme).
Will China's New Anti-Suit Injunctions Shift the Balance of Global FRAND Litigation?

By issuing anti-suit injunctions (ASIs) in Conversant v. Huawei and InterDigital v. Xiaomi in late 2020, Chinese courts have signaled a new willingness to vie for jurisdictional authority in global battles over standard-essential patents and FRAND licensing. While the Supreme People’s Court in Conversant largely followed the pattern of US and UK courts that have issued ASIs in similar cases, the ruling of the Wuhan court in InterDigital is far broader in two major respects. First, its geographic scope is not limited to the country in which InterDigital sought injunctive relief (India), but extends to all jurisdictions in the world. Second, it prohibits InterDigital from seeking a determination of a global FRAND rate for its 3G/4G patents anywhere in the world. In view of these two recent cases, China has clearly joined the international race to be the jurisdiction of choice for determining FRAND royalty rates in global disputes involving standard-essential patents.
Well-posedness of Hersch–Szegő’s center of mass by hyperbolic energy minimization

The hyperbolic center of mass of a finite measure on the unit ball with respect to a radially increasing weight is shown to exist, be unique, and depend continuously on the measure. Prior results of this type are extended by characterizing the center of mass as the minimum point of an energy functional that is strictly convex along hyperbolic geodesics. A special case is Hersch’s center of mass lemma on the sphere, which follows from convexity of a logarithmic kernel introduced by Douady and Earle.
Making the Case for the Socially Relevant Social Scientist

In the twenty-first century, the role and possibilities of academics could not be more significant. As such, social relevance must be inextricably linked to our goal and work as academics, thinkers...
Joint Simulation of Thermal Power for Regional Integrated Energy System Based on FMI

Regional integrated energy system is a typical multi energy coupling and multi time scale complex system. How to carry out co-simulation of multi energy steady-state power flow of cooling, heating and power and output of various equipment is one of the difficulties at this stage. Firstly, characteristics of regional integrated energy system are analyzed, and then based on interface standard of FMI, the basis for multi time scale coordination and multi type energy data interaction of multi energy coupling system is provided. Then, distributed structure design framework is adopted to carry out parallel calculation in different simulation subsystems through inter process communication, and the simulation solution process is divided into topology analysis, script generation, FMU package and simulation execution. Finally, feasibility and rationality of the proposed technical simulation scheme in the application of regional integrated energy system simulation are verified through the simulation of an industrial park in Nanjing, which meets the actual needs of steady-state simulation. It has a certain practical engineering application value.
Review of Mathematics and Computation by Avi Wigderson

Mathematics and computation are inextricably entangled3. We couldn't do one without the other. The need to calculate can be traced to early human history, and mathematics developed in large part to enable computation. And computation is necessary to propel mathematics. One often loses sight of the fact that the great mathematicians of the past were also prodigious computers: For example, Gauss, Kummer and the other great pioneers of number theory did vast amounts of computation to arrive at or reinforce many of their insights.
Greenhouse Energy Conservation

Greenhouse agriculture is particularly vulnerable to problems of energy cost and disruption. Energy usage in greenhouses is concentrated, critical, and quite costly, whether growers operate in the North or South. For example, about 80% of the heating fuel in northeastern greenhouses is consumed in 5 months, November through March; 3 months, December through February, account for two-thirds of that usage. A disruption of energy on an icy cold day or extremely hot day could mean a disastrous loss of crops, or a sharp increase in energy costs could create serious cash flow problems. Fortunately, considerable energy savings are possible by modification of existing structures and by innovative designs of future facilities.
Continuous monitoring of gas-phase species at trace levels with electrochemical detectors : Part 2. Detection of chlorine and hydrogen chloride

A detection system suitable for the contmuous and simultaneous measurement of gas-phase chlonne and hydrogen chlonde m the low parts per b&on (10’) by volume (ppbv) range 1s described Both gases are trapped through the walls of a microporous polypropylene tube mto an appropriate flowmg recipient buffer. The buffer then flows through two electrochenncal detectors placed m series downstream from the sampling tube. Chlonde ions from gas-phase hydrogen chlonde are detected potentlometncally with an Ag/AgCI working electrode Chlonne IS detected biarnperometncally (at 0 1 V) via its oxidation of added lo&de tons to form ttiodide. In a contmuous-flow measurement mode, detection of chlonne and hydrogen chloride at levels as low as 0.75 and 2.1 ppbv, respectively, 1s possible. Use of a 2-mm stopped-flow/flow-mjectlon arrangement results m a three-fold improvement m detectIon linnts The selectlvlty of each detector wth respect to carbon &oxlde, sulfur &oxlde, rutrogen dioxide and hydrogen sulfide 1s also exammed
Bishop, J Michael

1936– American virologist who showed that cancer-causing viruses have mutant versions of genes found in normal cells.
Sexuality: ancient North America

Archaeologists have pursued several key avenues of inquiry in their study of sexuality in ancient North America, including sexual identities, sexual representations, sexuality and cosmology, and the human life course. Because ancient North American contexts lack written records, archaeologists often use ethnographic analogies to reconstruct past sexual and gendered identities and practices. Studies of sexual identity encompass themes of sexual orientation as well as of gender identification; the two-spirit (berdache, or third and fourth gender) figures prominently in these discussions. Sexual representations, for example phallic and vulvar images, or depictions of the body and of sexual acts, are broadly represented in ancient North American pottery, rock art, and figurines. Cosmological beliefs have served as an interpretative basis for objects or depictions that may not be considered overtly sexual, but likely were tied to sexual beliefs and practices. Most of the life course is centered on puberty, fertility, childbirth, and nursing. Keywords: ancient North America; cosmology; puberty and fertility; representation; sexual identity
Is phenomenal consciousness a complex structure

Evolutionary explanations of psychological phenomena have become widespread. This paper examines a recent attempt by Nichols and Grantham (2000) to circumvent the problem of epiphenomenalism in establishing the selective status of consciousness. Nichols and Grantham (2000) argue that a case can be made for the view that consciousness is an adaptation based on its complexity. I set out this argument and argue that it fails to establish that phenomenal consciousness is a complex system. It is suggested that the goal of establishing consciousness as an adaptation may be better served by rejecting the distinction between access consciousness and phenomenal consciousness.
Multicomponent adsorption dynamics of polymers in a fixed bed

Abstract The theoretical analysis of concentration-patterns of frontal adsorption and desorption dynamics of mixtures in a fixed bed for the Langmuir adsorption isotherms is considered for the equilibrium and non-equilibrium models. For the equilibrium model, the concentration-constant-patterns and concentration-proportional-patterns may be described by using the Riemann invariants R k and H i invariant analytical expressions which are found. The methods of calculation of adsorption and desorption isotherms based on the use of outlet-concentration-distributions are developed. Adsorption and desorption isotherms of mixtures of the water soluble associative polymer for two end-groups (R ≔ C 16 H 33 and R ≔ H) onto particulate surfaces of titanium dioxide are obtained. It is shown that the method developed can be used to measure the adsorption and desorption isotherms over a wide range of associative polymer concentrations.
Heat conduction calculation for a model of the surface of the moon

Abstract Four layers, a dust layer, an anorthosite layer, a basalt layer and a dunite layer, have been used to model the surface of the Moon 4·6 billion years ago. The equations describing heat conduction with or without radioactive heating have been written and Laplace transform techniques have been applied. The thermal history of the imbedded basalt-like material has been found by numerical inversion of the Laplace transform. The objective of the present analysis is to determine whether the solidification of the basalt could be delayed about 1 billion years to produce the observed age difference between the dust and the crystalline rocks found on the surface of the Moon.
Nova: a nonvariational code for solving the MHD stability of axisymmetric toroidal plasmas

Abstract A nonvariational approach for determining the ideal MHD stability of axisymmetric toroidal confinement systems is presented. The code (NOVA) employs cubic B -spline finite elements and Fourier expansion in a general flux coordinate (ψ, φ, ζ) system. At least as much accuracy and faster convergence were obtained in comparison with the existing variational PEST and ERATO codes which employ linear finite elements. This nonvariational approach benchmarked here on the ideal MHD problem is a prelude to a future extended version applicable to problems having non-Hermitian eigenmode equations where variational energy principles cannot be obtained.
Spatial inference for coherent geophysical fluids by appearance and geometry

In geophysical spatial inference, imperfect model predictions are combined with noisy, sparse measurements to estimate spatial fields better than either source alone. In addition to changing brightness appearance, fields with coherent structures are readily perceived as deforming patterns. Often ignored, the failure to assimilate pattern information leads to poor spatial estimates. Here, a Bayesian inference problem in appearance and geometry is formulated for coherent fluids and a practical application of deformable models is synthesized. The proposed estimation approach uses a Gabor basis and stochastic optimization incorporating fluid dynamical balance to produce parsimonious non-local deformation solutions in deterministic or ensemble settings. Using this approach, the supervised spatial field estimation and the unsupervised mean field estimation problems are solved, with application to meteorological Data Assimilation, Ensemble Analysis and Nowcasting.
Direct Democracy and Land Use Policy: Exchanging Public Goods for Development Rights

To counter the power of pro-development interests, growth opponents in American communities have increasingly turned to the institutions of direct democracy. This study analyses the effects of one type of direct democracy-voter requirements for new development-on municipal growth. Analysing data from a sample of California communities, we consider the impact of voter requirements on the land use process and outcomes. We find that—in general-voter requirements fail to stop new development; property owners and developers can and do adapt to the constraints created by these direct democracy institutions. We also find, however, that voter requirements change the land use process in important ways. Specifically, they change the way developers interact with interest groups in the community and force developers to compensate current residents for enduring some of the negative aspects of growth.
Kinetic isotope effects and rate constants for the gas-phase reactions of three deuterated toluenes with OH from 298 to 353 K

The rate constants for the gas-phase reactions of three deuterated toluenes with hydroxyl radicals were measured using the relative rate technique over the temperature range 298-353Katabout1atmtotalpressure.TheOHradicalsweregeneratedbyphotolysisofH2O2, and helium was used as the diluent gas. The disappearance of reactants was followed by online mass spectrometry, which resulted in high time resolution, allowing for a large amount of data tobecollectedandusedinthedeterminationoftheArrheniusparameters.ThefollowingArrhe- nius expressions have been determined for these reactions (in units of cm 3 molecule −1 s −1 ): k = (6.42 +1.17 −0.99 ) × 10 −13 exp((661 ± 54)/T ) for toluene-d3, k = (2.11
Differentially Flat Designs of Underactuated Mobile Manipulators

This paper presents a methodology for design of mobile vehicles, mounted with underactuated manipulators operating in a horizontal plane, such that the combined system is differentially flat. A challenging question of how to perform point-to-point motions in the state space of such a highly nonlinear system, in spite of the absence of some actuators in the arm, is answered in this paper. We show that, by appropriate inertia distribution of the links and addition of torsion springs at the joints, a range of underactuated designs is possible, where the underactuated mobile manipulator system is differentially flat. The differential flatness property allows one to efficiently solve the problem of trajectory planning and feedback controller design for point-to-point motions in the state space. The proposed method is illustrated by the example of a mobile vehicle with an underactuated three-link manipulator.
The Airtraq Optical Laryngoscope in helicopter emergency medical services: a pilot trial.

Abstract Objective To determine the degree of success helicopter emergency medical services personnel have in placing an endotracheal tube using a relatively new device for endotracheal intubation (ETI) known as the Airtraq (AT) Optical Laryngoscope (King Systems Corp, Noblesville, IN), and to determine the frequency with which flight crews had to resort to other means for advanced airway management. Methods This prospective, observational pilot trial evaluated the critical care flight team's ability to perform ETI using the AT as a first-line device in the prehospital setting. Flight crews were instructed to use the AT for any patient needing ETI. Teams completed a 30-minute training session followed by mannequin practice. They documented situations and outcomes: reason for ETI, success in placing the AT, reason for unsuccessful placement, end-tidal carbon dioxide concentration in expired air (ETCO2), and where patients were when they underwent intubation (field, ambulance, aircraft, hospital). Data were abstracted and analyzed using JMP software version 7.0 (SAS Institute, Inc, Cary, NC). Results Fifty cases involving use of the AT were analyzed. Median patient age was 51.5 years (range, 15–90; interquartile range, 36–64.5). Most patients were male (n = 37 [74%]). The primary reasons for intubation were unresponsiveness and altered loss of consciousness (n = 23 [46%]), respiratory distress or apnea (n = 8 [16%]), cardiac arrest (n = 10 [20%]), and combative behavior (n = 7 [14%]). AT was successful (n = 31[62%]) in 1 to 2 attempts. The primary reason for AT failure was blood or vomit in the airway (n = 8 [42.1%]); 48.1% (n = 25) of patients required a different management mode. Conclusions HEMS crews had difficulty placing successful ET tubes with this device after minimal education with a single regular-sized device. Difficulty was pronounced when blood or vomit was present and obstructing the optical view. Further study is needed to evaluate the implementation time, training time required, and possible design advantages of the AT compared with those of traditional emergent airway management techniques.