cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Public Resource Use and Immigration-Related Fear in Families of Mixed Immigration Status: A Survey-Based Cross-Sectional Study

Background/Purpose: Children of immigrants are a fast-growing population. 88% of children of immigrants are United States (US) citizens, and many qualify for government-issued benefits. Data is lacking on the effects of immigration status on families’ resource needs and use of public benefits. Our primary aim was to assess Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), Women, Infants and Children (WIC) and Medicaid utilization rates in children with one or more undocumented parent (UP) compared to children without UP. Our secondary aim was to compare income level, food security, healthcare use, and immigration-related concerns between …
Impact of Medicaid expansion on pancreatic cancer care: A difference-in-difference analysis.

e18567Background: The Affordable Care Act (ACA) increased insurance coverage for low-income individuals, which should potentially lead to better access to care and improved oncological outcomes. Th...
Towards a q-series for osp(2|2n)

A series invariant for a certain class of closed 3-manifolds associated with a type I Lie superalgebra sl(m|n) was introduced recently. We find a q-series for the other Lie superalgebra of the same type of the minimum rank.
Pedagogical Implications of Partnerships Between Psychiatry and Obstetrics-Gynecology in Caring for Patients with Major Mental Disorders.

Because there are no formal reviews, the authors set out to identify and describe programs that serve female patients with major mental disorders by integrating mental health care with services in obstetrics and gynecology and to describe the pedagogical implications of those programs. The authors searched PubMed for all articles describing a program in which psychiatry was formally integrated with obstetric or gynecological services, other than standard consultation-liaison programs, in the care of patients with major mental disorders. The search terms used included interdisciplinary, interprofessional, integrated, collaborative care, psychiatry, and obstetrics-gynecology or psychosomatic obstetrics-gynecology. The authors found six distinct integrated programs. These included family planning clinics that were integrated into inpatient psychiatry services; inpatient and outpatient psychiatry services for pregnant mentally ill women in close collaboration with obstetric services; a day hospital for pregnant women with psychiatric disorders in an obstetric setting; an interdisciplinary training site providing care for predominantly depressed, low-income, and minority women; a primary care HIV service for women integrated with departments of obstetrics-gynecology and psychiatry; and an obstetrics-gynecology clinic-based collaborative depression care intervention for socially disadvantaged women. Residents’ involvement was described in four of the programs. These innovative and integrated programs potentially enhance the care of vulnerable and culturally diverse women with major mental disorders. The authors discuss how these programs may contribute to the education of residents in psychiatry and obstetrics-gynecology.
Normal Morse Data for Complex Analytic Varieties

In this chapter we describe the local topological structure of a complex analytic variety and a generic complex analytic function on that variety. Most of the material described in this section is fairly well known, see for example [Mi2], [Du], [H1], [H2], [HL3], [LK], [Kp4], [Le3], [Le4], [LT1]. However the proofs we give here are rigorous and are easy, given the technique of “moving the wall” which was developed in Part I.
Regulation of replication of an iteron-containing DNA molecule.

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the structure and mechanisms controlling the initiation frequency of plasmid R6K, primarily the γ ori. Because all three origins share many properties, the small γ ori should reveal the most fundamental mechanisms, regulating the replication of the entire 38-kb R6K. Also, the deceptively simple γ ori was chosen for study, because it has all the features needed to elucidate the regulation of replication of iteron-containing DNA molecules in general. Plasmid R6K is a complex replicon, in which the replication forks emanate from any of the three positions called the α, β, and γ origins. All three origins require the R6K-encoded rep protein for their activity. When the α and β sequences are removed, the remaining γ ori can replicate autonomously and the α and β origins require the γ -ori sequence in cis to function. The mechanism, underlying stable inheritance of plasmid R6K, ensures that the plasmid copy-number is maintained at a constant level of 15-20 per chromosomal equivalent. This level can be reduced substantially, by an increase in the intracellular concentration, of two plasmid-encoded elements: the π protein and its binding sites. These two elements have a dual role: they are essential for replication, but can also inhibit origin activity. The negative role of both the elements has also been demonstrated genetically, either by mutating the iterons or by mutating the pir gene.
Linear independence of time-frequency translates

Abstract. The refinement equation φ(t) = ∑N2 k=N1 ck φ(2t − k) plays a key role in wavelet theory and in subdivision schemes in approximation theory. Viewed as an expression of linear dependence among the time-scale translates |a|1/2φ(at − b) of φ ∈ L2(R), it is natural to ask if there exist similar dependencies among the time-frequency translates e2πibtf(t + a) of f ∈ L2(R). In other words, what is the effect of replacing the group representation of L2(R) induced by the affine group with the corresponding representation induced by the Heisenberg group? This paper proves that there are no nonzero solutions to lattice-type generalizations of the refinement equation to the Heisenberg group. Moreover, it is proved that for each arbitrary finite collection {(ak , bk)}k=1, the set of all functions f ∈ L2(R) such that {e2πibktf(t+ ak)}k=1 is independent is an open, dense subset of L2(R). It is conjectured that this set is all of L2(R) \ {0}.
Modeling the Dissipation Range of Magnetofluid Turbulence

Fluid descriptions of plasma phenomena are valuable tools for simulating large-scale phenomena. Fluid simulations, however, generally use idealized models to describe the dissipation of energy at small scales. The physical dissipation scale is usually considerably smaller than what can be evaluated numerically when using fluid descriptions of macroscopic phenomena. Here we review several approaches for describing dissipation in magnetofluid turbulence. These simulations divide into two general classes: those that employ mathematical models of the dissipation to concentrate dissipation to regions of large gradients in the fluid parameters, and those that use generalizations of Ohm’s law to model kinetic effects more completely described by the Vlasov-Maxwell equations. The former class includes using either hyperresistivity and hyperviscosity or nonlinear dissipation operators to locate dissipation in regions of strong gradients. These terms replace the standard Navier-Stokes dissipation term in the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equations. The second class of models includes one that modifies the magnetofluid equations by including the Hall and Finite Larmor radius corrections to Ohm’s Law and another approach that uses a coarse-grained fluid description to describe the effect of the ion cyclotron instability on the elements of the pressure tensor.
Cryogenic fracture behavior of 316LN in magnetic fields up to 14.6 T

Some of the proposed magnet case alloys for the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (TIER) are metastable austenitic stainless steels. The case will be subjected to high loads and can be as much as 100 mm thick in some proposed designs. Case assembly will probably require thick section welding with its attendant chemical inhomogeneity. Even alloys that are thermally stable with respect to martensitic transformation can, under these conditions of high stresses, cryogenic temperature, and high magnetic fields, undergo transformation. Previous work at 8 T has shown a measurable magnetic field effect on the 4.2 K tensile and fracture toughness properties of AISI300 series metastable austenitic stainless steels. Thus, it is important to understand how these alloys will behave under conditions of high magnetic fields and cryogenic temperature, particularly at the higher magnetic fields that will be used in ITER. 4.2 K data for 316LN indicates that the change in fracture toughness is not monotonic. It initially decreases and then later increases with applied field.
Endogenous distortions in product and labor markets

The authors use the common agency approach to analyze the joint determination of product and labor market distortions in a small (developing) open economy. Capital owners and union members lobby the government on tariffs and minimum wages, while factors of production in agriculture (the informal sector) are not organized. The government cares about social welfare, but also values the contributions (monetary or else) made by organized groups. The authors show that product and labor market distortions move in the same direction in response to changes in the relevant economic and political parameters, and that the level of those distortions is not modified by social pacts between capital and labor. They also show that conditionality by foreign agencies should target product market distortions, not labor market distortions. Labor market distortions ought not to be targeted because they are second best: they are the optimal response to the product market distortions. Labor market distortions are likely to adjust in the desired direction once product market distortions are removed or diminished.
Fibronectin is overproduced by keloid fibroblasts during abnormal wound healing.

Abstract Wound healing in certain individuals leads to the development of keloid tumors which exhibit abnormal collagen metabolism and an increased abundance of extracellular matrix components. Comparison of fibronectin levels in fibroblasts derived from keloids and normal dermis revealed a relative increase in intracellular and extracellular fibronectin in the keloid-derived cells. While fibronectin was similarly processed, compartmentalized, and degraded by both cell types, fibronectin biosynthesis was found to be accelerated as much as fourfold in keloid fibroblasts due to a corresponding increase in the amount of accumulated fibronectin mRNA. These changes account for the elevated steady-state level of the molecule in keloid fibroblasts and suggest that increased fibronectin in keloid lesions is due to overproduction by the wound-healing fibroblasts. Glucocorticoid treatment stimulated fibronectin biosynthesis in both normal and keloid fibroblasts. However, the amount of stimulation was less for the keloid-derived cells, indicating a limitation on maximal rates of fibronectin biosynthesis. These observations suggest that separate mechanisms act to control basal and maximal rates of fibronectin production. Biosynthesis of the 140-kilodalton fibronectin receptor was also found to be increased in keloid fibroblasts, suggesting some level of coordinate regulation for fibronectin and fibronectin receptor expression.
Nonlinear 40Ar/39Ar age systematics along the Gilbert Ridge and Tokelau Seamount Trail and the timing of the Hawaii-Emperor Bend

Over the last three decades the first-order correlation in morphology and orientation of seamount trails has been called upon to support the concept of a “fixed” Pacific hot spot frame of reference and to explain the Hawaii-Emperor bend (HEB) by a dramatic change in Pacific plate motion. In this paper, however, we present 40Ar/39Ar ages for the Gilbert Ridge and Tokelau Seamounts (Pacific) that show similar changes or bends in their orientation, but at different geological times, up to 20 Myr earlier than the HEB. Changes in Pacific plate motion alone cannot explain these observations, because these asynchronous bends should have been reflected in the morphology of each of these seamount trails. Together with the lack of (linear) age progressions and inconsistent apparent local plate velocities of 131 and 87 mm/yr, we rule out a fixed hot spot origin for the Gilbert Ridge and Tokelau seamount trails. Instead we invoke secondary or alternate processes to explain the complex age systematics and morphologies in these seamount trails. We propose here that the HEB-type bends in these seamount trails were likely formed by short-term “jerk-like” plate extensions in the studied southwestern region of the Pacific plate, reactivating a preconditioned lithosphere that can be characterized by a complex structure and precursory magmatic impingements. The remarkable differences observed in these colinear seamount trails fundamentally question the existence of HEB-type bends in the formation of Pacific volcanic lineaments. They also show us that applying geometric and morphologic observations alone is insufficient in constraining past plate motions. Nevertheless, the need and search for alternate volcano-tectonic mechanisms offer opportunities to better understand intraplate volcanism in general.
Thyroid axis function during the menstrual cycle in women with premenstrual syndrome

Fifteen women with premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and 15 control women were tested twice for thyroid axis measures, once during the follicular and once during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. While PMS and control women did not differ in mean hormone values during either phase of the menstrual cycle, PMS women showed significantly greater variability in hormone measures including TSH, T3 uptake, T4, and FTI relative to controls. These findings are consistent with the conceptualization that, for a subset of women with PMS, thyroid axis abnormalities may contribute to their disorder. Additionally, when analyzed in the sample as a whole, the menstrual cycle exerted a significant effect on reverse T3 with greater levels observed in the luteal relative to the follicular phase of the cycle.
In Search of A Perfect Polymer

Questions relating to polymer care and aging, as well as to certain functional variations on a classical material are explored here.
Enriched natural killing and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity in lymphocyte populations adherent to tumor cell monolayers.

Abstract We have previously shown that human peripheral blood lymphocytes that do not adhere to natural killer (NK)-sensitive target cell monolayers are at least partially depleted of NK activity. To demonstrate directly that NK effector cells adhere to the monolayers, we have now recovered the adherent populations by treatment with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. When tested immediately after isolation, these adherent populations show NK activity that is intermediate between that of the nonadherent and control cells. When antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity is tested concomitantly, the adherent fractions are consistently found to be enriched relative to control, unfractionated lymphocytes. In further studies, control populations and fractions nonadherent and adherent to HSB monolayers are incubated overnight at 37°C and then tested for NK activity. We find that the adherent fractions are selectively enhanced in activity, causing the NK activity of the adherent fractions to exceed that of control populations. The possible involvement of interferon in the augmentation of NK activity is considered.
Electron Spin Resonance of Hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon Alloyed with Sulfur

Electron spin resonance (ESR) and light-induced electron spin resonance (LESR) measurements were performed on sulfur-doped hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-SiS:H). At low S doping levels (H{sub 2}S/SiH{sub 4} {le} 10{sup {minus}3} in gas phase), the ESR and LESR line shapes are similar to those observed in undoped a-Si:H. The dark spin density generally increases with S doping and reaches 5 x 10{sup 16} cm{sup {minus}3} at H{sub 2}S/SiH{sub 4} {approx} 10{sup {minus}3}. On the other hand, at high S concentration, the dark spin density increases significantly with S concentration. The ESR and LESR line shapes become identical and asymmetric, a fact that implies the ESR and LESR signals result from the same kind of ESR center. Since S doping is very inefficient, the ESR signals probably are due to defects instead of trapped carriers in band tails. The asymmetry of the ESR and LESR line shapes at high sulfur concentration may result from either more than one type of defect or an asymmetry in the g tensor of a single defect. The photo-excitation of H-passivated, S-related defects could also contribute to the LESR.
Co-optation or Empowerment? The Fate of Pro-Democracy NGOs after the Rose Revolution

Abstract Western governments spend millions of dollars annually supporting the non-governmental sphere, and especially pro-democracy organisations, in non-democracies. The essay explores how inclusion of pro-democracy organisations into the state after democratic breakthrough can enhance or inhibit democratic consolidation, arguing inclusion can actually weaken the NGO community by creating rifts between one-time partners with suddenly disparate agendas. This argument is applied to the case of Georgia following the 2003 ‘Rose Revolution’. Evidence is based on elite interviews conducted in summer 2007.
Responses of opossum and rat hippocampal CA1 cells to paired stimulus volleys.

Abstract Short-term synaptic plasticity was studied in the in vitro hippocampus of the North American opossum ( Didelphis virginiana ) and rat ( Rattus norvegicus ). Conditioning and test stimulus pulses were delivered to fibers in stratum radiatum and intracellular and extracellular recordings were obtained from area CA 1 pyramidal cells. In rat, the amplitude of the population spike in response to the second (test) of two stimulus impulses is suppressed at short inter-pulse-intervals (IPI's). In opossum, the amplitude of the test population spike is facilitated at comparable IPI's. Facilitation of the test population spike in rat occurs only when the test stimulus is separated from the first stimulus (conditioning) by a longer IPI. Peak values of facilitation do not significantly differ between species. Intracellular responses, elicited by stimulus pulses that were subthreshold for spike production, indicate that the amplitude of test EPSP's recorded from opossum pyramidal cells are facilitated at IPI's that result in suppression of test EPSP's in rat pyramidal cells.
Intraperitoneal administration of recombinant human growth hormone in children with end-stage renal disease.

Recombinant human growth hormone (GH) therapy has been shown to be effective in the treatment of growth failure related to growth hormone resistance among children with chronic renal failure. The traditional route of administration is subcutaneous injection. This study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness and tolerability of intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of GH in prepubertal peritoneal dialysis patients. Nine subjects were enrolled. Eight completed 24 months of therapy with GH. Baseline height standard deviation scores (SDS) and growth velocity for the prior year were used for comparison. Peak serum GH was achieved 4 h after administration and serum half-life was 4.6 h. Mean height SDS was -3.1 at baseline, -2.5 at 1 year, and -2.3 at 2 years (NS) of GH therapy. Mean height velocity increased from a baseline of 4.6 cm/yr to 8.5 cm/yr in year 1 (P < 0.05) and 6.1 cm/yr in year 2 (NS) of i.p. GH therapy. Peritonitis infection rates were not increased from overall center rates. This research suggests that the intraperitoneal route of administration of GH can be utilized in the treatment of short stature among children requiring maintenance peritoneal dialysis therapy.
Direct nanogram quantitation of nucleic acid and protein with a continuous-flow microcell.

Abstract A simple method for rapid nanogram measurement of nucleic acids and proteins is described. It requires only 5 to 10 μl of sample solution which is injected into the postcolumn flow stream of a high-performance liquid chromatograph. Samples are analyzed by uv detection at 260 nm for nucleic acids and 280 nm for proteins with a diode array detector. Analyzing speed is two samples per minute and the amount to be analyzed ranges from 3 ng to 80 μg for nucleic acids and 10 ng to 80 μg for bovine serum albumin, irrespective of the sample volume. The method is particularly useful for fast, accurate, and trace amount measurement of purified DNA, RNA, and protein samples in small volumes.
Far infrared and dielectric relaxation spectra in supercooled water and water + propylene glycol solutions

Abstract We report the first measurements of far IR absorption in supercooled water, and extend the temperature range of study of the most interesting feature, an H-bond stretching mode at ∼200cm−1, to −85°C by incorporation of propylene glycol, PG, as solute. Low frequency dielectric relaxation measurements on a series of glass-forming PG + water solutions spanning the range 30 – 100% PG when fitted to the Vogel-Tammann-Fulcher equation suggest this resonance absorption mode may be the attempt frequency for the relaxation process. Comparison of the strengths of the two dissipation regions in the same (absorptivity α) units shows dielectric relaxation as a weak shoulder sliding, with changing temperature, on the α =kfγ edge of the quasi-resonant absorption band. For most compositions, the dielectric loss spectrum is only weakly dependent on temperature, but as the composition approaches the edge of the glass-forming region, the spectral widths become strongly temperature-dependent due, evidently, to a clustering phenomenon which results finally in an (unexpected) liquid-liquid phase separation.
Statistical Thermodynamics of Finite Ising Model. II

The partition functions of the two- and three-dimensional finite Ising models in the presence of a magnetic field have been calculated with use of a high-speed computer. Periodic boundary conditions were imposed. All the numbers of configurations for the 3×3×3, 5×5, and 4×6 lattices are tabulated. The distribution of zeros of the partition functions in the complex magnetic-field plane has been obtained both for the ferro- and antiferromagnetic cases. The zeros in the ferromagnetic cases are distributed on the unit circle according to the Yang-Lee theorem, and the dependence on temperature of the distribution functions has been studied. In the antiferromagnetic case most of zeros are on the negative real axis, but a certain number of complex roots appear in the left half of the plane. The magnetization and the magnetic susceptibility have been calculated as functions of temperature.
A note on the shelf‐life and spoilage of commercially‐processed chicken giblets

1. When chicken giblet tissues wrapped individually in polythene were stored at 1 °C, “ off” odours were detected in 11 to 14 d with necks (mean 12.3 d) tending to spoil before gizzards, hearts and livers (means 13.0 to 13.7 d). 2. In all cases, the predominant organisms at spoilage were Pseudo‐monas spp. with lower numbers of Acinetobacter spp. 3. Chlorination of process water at about 50 mg total residual chlorine/1 (including 0.1 to 0.9 mg free chlorine/1) extended the shelf‐life of giblets held at 1 °C by up to 3 d, and prior freezing of these tissues gave an extension of 1 to 2 d but combining the two treatments did not have an additive effect. 4. Immersing giblets for 1 min in a solution containing 100 g potassium sorbate/1 (pH 8.0) doubled the shelf‐life of each type of tissue by retarding growth of the normal spoilage microflora.
Composition and Appearance of Magnesium Silicate Hydrate and Its Relation to Deterioration of Cement-Based Materials

Magnesium sulfate's attack on cement-based materials results in massive deposition of gypsum and brucite accompanied by decalcification of calcium silicate hydrate (CSH) (the binding material of the cement). Magnesium silicate hydrate (MSH) appears as a late-stage product, mainly on deteriorated surfaces, and replaces the decalcified CSH. MSH appears as an inhomogeneous phase forming an intimate mixture with brucite. The Mg:Si ratio of the MSH is lower than the equivalent Ca:Si ratio of the CSH and is probably close to 1. The deterioration itself is primarily attributed to the decalcification of the CSH rather than its replacement by MSH.
Complexity of Converter Placement Supporting Broadcast in WDM Networks

Wavelength converters simplify the wavelength assignment problem in virtual topology design in optical networks and increase the utilization of the fiber bandwidth. However, converters are costly, and minimizing the number of converters needed to support a given level of functionality has been investigated in the literature in various contexts. In particular, previous work has addressed the problem of minimizing the number of converters needed to support broadcast over all network nodes with a given set of residual wavelengths on each link. In this paper, we show that previous work leaves the computational complexity of this question open. We go on to show that the problem is in fact NP-complete, but becomes tractable in the special case when the network graph is a tree. We also show that there are cases when the heuristics articulated in previous work fail to provide solutions, and provide some heuristic approaches to solve the general problem.
Study of the reaction νn→νpπ−

Abstract We have measured the excitation function for the neutral current process νn→νpπ− as a function of neutrino energy. Our data give a cross section ratio R=σ(νpπ−)/σ(μ−pπ+)=0.11±0.022 over the energy interval (0.3⩽E ν⩽1.5)GeV. This measurement of single-pion production in a kinematically defined reaction is the first to use a deuterium target. The R value, as well as other characteristics of the data, agrees with the Adler model for single-pion production via the neutral current and gives a value of sin2θw=0.26±0.09.
Clinical microbiology in the 1990s: Emerging pathogens and the role of the fluoroquinolones

Abstract Clearly, the fluoroquinolones have great potential for becoming as useful a class of antimicrobial agents as the β-lactams. In particular, their use in difficult-to-treat infections as discussed above is likely to be of tremendous importance. As the 1990s progress, additional in vitro and in vivo data will become available. This information should ultimately confirm or deny the clinical usefulness of this exciting new class of antibiotics.
On-the-Job Learning

I n the 1980s, youth unemployment and discontent with schooling persist as problems facing educators. Numerous programs and recommendations to create school-based, work-experience programs have attempted to address these problems. The report of the Panel on Youth of the President's Science Advisory Committee advocated a closer union of school and community by creating more opportunities for youth to participate in the life of the community. The report of the Carnegie Council on Policy Studies in Higher Education cited a number of reform proposals calling for less schooling and more work experiences for youth. The Youth Employment Demonstration Projects Act of 1977 encouraged local education agencies to place school-age, low-income youth in jobs. These programs hoped to impact upon the future employability of youth, to make schooling more relevant and interesting to them, and thereby to ease the transition from school to work. While adult employment status is the decisive measurement of program success, such a long-term outcome is expensive to document and difficult to assess. Other indicators of program effectiveness are needed for immediate evaluations of current and proposed programs to provide federal, state, and local policy makers with guidelines for decision making. Analytic principles from the curriculum field can serve as one source for indicators of current program effectiveness. These principles of curricular form and content embody both empirical and theoretical knowledge of human learning. Although they have usually been applied to classroom instructional programs, they can provide criteria for evaluating the quality of work experience programs. In order to analyze such programs for policy purposes, one needs to assess the quality of the day-to-day activities that youth encounter, because it is the cumulative effect of these activities over time that offers hope of easing unemployment and reducing inequality. Program planners and proposal reviewers could make use of these principles to evaluate the probable effectiveness of programs in the planning stages. As programs are implemented, these principles can help local program personnel make further choices when faced with reality constraints. A work-experience curriculum is a set of learning activities centered around the work experience. Part of the task of this study is to generate activity categories that describe what youth do in the programs. This definition stresses that the activities should have some relationship to learning. In The Boundless Resource, W. Wirtz emphasized that the learning should have an application beyond particular job tasks, to life in general:
Library instruction as independent study: The summer enrichment program experiment at Iowa State University

The purpose of this study was to investigate student propensity to learn library use skills independently, as well as to determine whether learning was enhanced through the use of culturally oriented materials. Seventy‐nine participants of color were studied to measure the impact of such variables as independence, culturally centered exercises, and pass rates when using an independent study bibliographic instruction (BI) packet. All packets included the same library use concepts, half expressed as culturally centered, half as classical exercises. Of this number, 40 participants were given multicultural exercises; the other 39 were given classical examples. Within these two groups, 20 from each group were invited to use the services of a peer counselor for help with questions related to the exercises; the others were not offered this option (in order to test for independence). The opportunity to conduct this study resulted from the library's participation in the Summer Enrichment Program (SEP).
Heterometallic Triiron-Oxo/Hydroxo Clusters: Effect of Redox-Inactive Metals

A series of tetranuclear oxo/hydroxo clusters comprised of three Fe centers and a redox-inactive metal (M) of various charge is reported. Crystallographic studies show an unprecedented Fe3M(μ4-O)(μ2-OH) core that remains intact upon changing M or the oxidation state of iron. Electrochemical studies reveal that the reduction potentials (E1/2) span a window of 500 mV and depend upon the Lewis acidity of M. Using the pKa of the M-aqua complex as a measure of Lewis acidity, these compounds display a linear dependence between E1/2 and acidity, with a slope of ∼70 mV per pKa unit. The current study of [Fe3MO(OH)] and previous ones of [Mn3MOn] (n = 2,4) moieties support the generality of the above relationship between the reduction potentials of heterometallic oxido clusters and the Lewis acidity of incorporated cations, as applied to clusters of different redox-active metals.
Magnetic resonance imaging--guided fine-needle aspiration biopsies of retropharyngeal lesions.

Objective The retropharyngeal space is a deep neck space susceptible to a host of disease processes. Surgical access to this space is technically difficult and associated with potential morbidity. An image-guided fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy, if proven accurate and safe, would be of great benefit as an alternative diagnostic approach to this space. This study reports on the use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)–guided FNA for diagnostic evaluation of retropharyngeal lesions. Technical details of needle systems, approach to this space, and reliability of this method are described. Study Design This is a prospective study of 14 patients with retropharyngeal lesions who underwent MRI-guided FNA biopsy at the University of California at Los Angeles Center for the Health Sciences between October 1989 and October 1998. Methods A 0.2-tesla open magnet was used to obtain magnetic resonance images of each retropharyngeal lesion. After standard skin preparation a coaxial needle system was used to reach and sample the lesion. In most instances, the specimen was immediately stained and examined by a cytopathologist for adequacy before removing the patient from the scanner. Results Eleven of 14 (78%) patients had diagnostic aspirations; only 2 of these 11 patients required additional surgical biopsy for more specific histological characterization of their lesions before definitive treatment recommendations were given. All aspiration procedures were well tolerated and without any complications. Conclusion We have demonstrated that MRI-guided approach to the retropharynx is feasible, safe, and sensitive enough to obviate the need for open biopsies in a large percentage of patients.
Clearing Obstructed Feeding Tubes

This is a report of an in vitro study evaluating the ability of six solutions to dissolve clotted enteral feeding, which can cause feeding tube occlusion. The following clotted enteral feeding products were tested: Ensure Plus, Ensure Plus with added protein (Promod 20 g/liter), Osmolite, Enrich, and Pulmocare. Clot dissolution was then tested by adding Adolf's Meat Tenderizer, Viokase, Sprite, Pepsi, Coke, or Mountain Dew. Distilled water served as control. Dissolution score for each mixture was assessed blindly. Best dissolution was observed with Viokase in pH 7.9 solution (p less than 0.01). Similar results were obtained when feeding tube patency was restored in eight in vitro occluded feeding tubes (Dobbhoff, French size 8) by using first Pepsi (two/eight successful) and then Viokase in pH 7.9 (six/six successful). We also report our experience in the first 10 patients with occluded feeding tubes using this Viokase solution injected through a Drum catheter into the feeding tube. In seven patients, this method proved to be successful, and the reasons for failure in three patients include a knotted tube, impacted tablet powder, and a formula clot fo 24 hr duration and 45 cm in length.
Re-Os and Pd-Ag systematics in Group IIIAB irons and in pallasites

Using improved analytical techniques, which reduce the Re blanks by factors of 8 to 10, we report new Re-Os data on low Re and low PGE pallasites (PAL-anom) and IIIAB irons. The new pallasite samples nearly double the observed range in Re/Os for pallasites and allow the determination of an isochron of slope 0.0775 ± 0.0008 (T = 4.50 ± 0.04 Ga, using the adjusted λ^(187)Re = 1.66 × 10^(−11) a^(−1)) and initial (^(187)Os/^(188)Os)_0 = 0.09599 ± 0.00046. If the data on different groups of pallasites (including the “anomalous” pallasites) are considered to define a whole-rock isochron, their formation would appear to be distinctly younger than for the iron meteorites by ∼60 Ma. Five IIIAB irons (Acuna, Bella Roca, Chupaderos, Grant, and Bear Creek), with Re contents ranging from 0.9 to 2.8 ppb, show limited Re/Os fractionation and plot within errors on the IIAB iron meteorite isochron of slope 0.07848 ± 0.00018 (T = 4.56 ± 0.01 Ga) and initial (^(187)Os/^(188)Os)_0 = 0.09563 ± 0.00011. Many of the meteorites were analyzed also for Pd-Ag and show ^(107)Ag enrichments correlated with Pd/Ag, requiring early formation and fractionation of the FeNi metal, in a narrow time interval, after injection of live ^(107)Pd (t_(1/2) = 6.5 Ma) into the solar nebula. Based on Pd-Ag, the typical range in relative ages of these meteorites is ≤10 Ma. The Pd-Ag results suggest early formation and preservation of the ^(107)Pd-^(107)Ag systematics, both for IIIAB irons and for pallasites, while the younger Re-Os apparent age for pallasites suggests that the Re-Os system in pallasites was subject to re-equilibration. The low Re and low PGE pallasites show significant Re/Os fractionation (higher Re/Os) as the Re and PGE contents decrease. By contrast, the IIIAB irons show a restricted range in Re/Os, even for samples with extremely low Re and PGE contents. There is a good correlation of Re and Ir contents. The correlation of Re and Os contents for IIIAB irons shows a similar complex pattern as observed for IIAB irons (Morgan et al., 1995), and neither can be ascribed to a continuous fractional crystallization process with uniform solid-metal/liquid-metal distribution coefficients.
DEMOGRAPHY OF CAREGIVING

There is a great deal of talk about an impending crisis in meeting the health care needs of the growing elderly population, and such talk is based on demographic arguments that educators must understand if they are to participate in the dialogue. This article provides the necessary demographic background. First, the long‐term care population (the minority among the elderly whose disabilities place them in need of attention from formal and informal caregivers) and the informal care‐giving population are profiled. The sociodemographic and economic trends that suggest an impending crisis in health care delivery are then described. We concluded that government policy, in attempting to contain the cost of formal care without providing the resources for informal caregivers to take up the slack, has worsened the situation. The reason for the bad policy work, we argue, is an institutional point of view that asserts that problems can best be solved scientifically in organized ways using trained personnel. Most pro...
The shifting landscape of metastatic breast cancer to the CNS.

The improved survival following the diagnosis of breast cancer has potentially altered the characteristics and course of patients presenting with CNS involvement. We therefore sought to define our current cohort of breast cancer patients with metastatic disease to the CNS in regard to modern biomarkers and clinical outcome. Review of clinical and radiographic records of women presenting to a tertiary medical center with the new diagnosis of CNS metastatic disease from breast cancer. This was a retrospective review from patients identities obtained from two prospective databases. There were 88 women analyzed who were treated over the period of January 2003 to February 2010, average age 56.9 years. At the time of initial presentation of CNS disease, 68 % of patients had multiple brain metastases, 17 % had a solitary metastasis, and 15 % had only leptomeningeal disease (LMD). The median survival for all patients from the time of diagnosis of breast disease was 50.0 months, and 9.7 months from diagnosis of CNS involvement. The only factor related to overall survival was estrogen receptor-positive pathology (57.6 v. 38.2 months, p = .02 log-rank); those related to survival post CNS diagnosis were presentation with LMD (p = .004, HR = 3.1, Cox regression) and triple-negative hormonal/HER2 status (p = .02, HR = 2.3, Cox regression). Patients with either had a median survival of 3.1 months (no patients in common). Of the 75 patients who initially presented with metastatic brain lesions, 20 (26 %) subsequently developed LMD in the course of their disease (median 10.4 months), following which survival was grim (1.8 months median). Symptoms of LMD were most commonly lower extremity weakness (14/33), followed by cranial nerve deficits (11/33). The recently described Graded Prognostic Assessment (GPA) tumor index stratified median survival at 2.5, 5.9, 13.1, and 21.7 months, respectively, for indices of 1–4 (p = .004, log-rank), which contrasted with the nonsignificant survival difference between Radiation Therapy Oncology Group Recursive Partitioning Analysis classes one and two. (13.1 v. 13.2, p = .8, log-rank). Treatment of patients with metastatic brain disease from breast cancer should be tailored to the patient’s hormonal status and GPA index. Practitioners must be vigilant for the development of LMD, especially as it often presents with nondescript complaints such as back pain.
Aggrecan from start to finish.

terminal globular (G)1 domain and a C-terminal G3 domain that are joined by intervening nonglobular sequences of lengths characteristic for each core protein. In addition, the aggrecan core protein has a G2 domain. The G1, G2, and G3 domains each contain distinctive motifs, with each motif having its own folded structure (Fig. 1). The G1 domain contains two proteoglycan tandem repeats (PTR) and one Ig motif [2]. The folded PTRs in G1 define a binding site for HA [3]; this site engages HA after mature proteoglycans are secreted into the ECM. G3 motifs bear homologies to epidermal growth factor (EGF), C-type lectin, and sushi or complement reactive protein (CRP); each has a unique conformation [4,5]. The lectin and sushi motifs are always present whereas the presence of the EGF motif is variable.
A Simplified Approach to Assessment of Mission Success for Helicopter Landing on a Ship

In this paper, operation of a helicopter near a ship is statistically investigated to provide an estimate of the probability of successfully recovering manned rotorcraft on the deck of a moving ship. To this end, pitch, roll, and heave motion of the ship are calculated according to sea states. In addition, effect on dynamics of the rotorcraft from ship airwake is also considered in a simplified way. By assuming that a helicopter can land on a ship if a pilot maintains relative position and attitude difference within the safe boundary for a given time, the operational limits are probabilistically determined in terms of pilot’s workload for a specified mission. The simulation environment consists of linearized helicopter dynamics, an optimal pilot model, effect of turbulent ship airwake, and ship motion. Control activities of the piloted helicopter for position holding with respect to the moving ship are transformed to generalized workload ratings. Simulation results show the proposed approach can evaluate and predict mission success rates for various operational combinations, allowing implementation into the overall effectiveness assessment of the ship and ship-helicopter combination.
Structural changes in amorphous chalcogenide alloys

Abstract We have examined features 10 to 30 eV above the Arsenic K edge in samples of crystalline and glassy As2S3. By coupling these data with other EXAFS results, we use these low energy features to infer useful higher shell information regarding different kinds of structural modifications in amorphous alloys.
Free energy landscape of a DNA-carbon nanotube hybrid using replica exchange molecular dynamics.

The DNA−carbon nanotube hybrid (DNA-CN) consists of a single-wall carbon nanotube (SWCN) coated with a self-assembled monolayer of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA). Recent experiments have demonstrated ...
Are there preexisting behavioral characteristics that predict the dominant status of male NIH Swiss mice (Mus musculus)

The behavior of isolated Cr:NIH(S) mice (Mus musculus) was studied in a holeboard test of exploration, in a plus-maze test of anxiety, in the resident-intruder paradigm of aggression, and in the swim test. Thereafter, mice that were matched for body weight were housed together in groups of 4-5. Within a week, 1 mouse per cage (the alpha) had attacked all its subordinate cagemates but lacked any signs of attack itself. Subordinate mice had bite marks on their tails and backs. When mice were isolated, no differences were found between the behavior of those that later became alphas and those that became subordinates. In contrast, after the establishment of the social hierarchy, alpha mice spent less time immobile in the swim test and had higher locomotor activities than did the subordinate mice. The results suggest that the differences in behavior between the alpha and subordinate mice result from aggressive social interactions in the home cage.
Two improved high-performance liquid chromatographic separations of biologically significant forms of folate

Abstract Two new separations of folate derivatives by in situ paired-ion high-performance liquid chromatography are described. The first utilizes two C 18 phenyl columns and the second utilizes a C 8 radial compression cartridge. Folic acid, dihydrofolic acid, folinic acid, tetrahydrofolic acid, 5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid and a decomposition product, p -aminobenzoylglutamic acid are separated. A comparison is made between these two methods and with the standard microbiological Lactobacillus casei assay for folates. The first method offers improved resolution and in situ sample clean-up. The second method accomplishes this in one-fifth the time. Both methods provide information not obtained by the microbiological assay.
Effects of counseling for late stage cancer patients

Much has been written about working with the dying. Few, if any, controlled studies have examined the application of principles set forth. The authors evaluate the effectiveness of working with dying cancer patients by assessing changes in quality of life, physical functioning, and survival. One-hundred twenty men with end-stage cancer were randomly assigned to experimental or control groups; the 62 experimental group patients were seen regularly by a counselor. Patients were assessed before random assignment and at one, three, six, nine, and 12 months on quality of live and functional status. Experimental group patients improved significantly more than the control group on quality of life within three months. Functional status and survival did not differ between groups. A subsample of lung cancer patients provided cross-validation of findings. Although survival was not expected to differ, it was predicted that functioning would be enhanced if quality of life improved. One interpretation is that little can be done to alter physical function and survival when intervention occurs late in the progression of a fatal disease. This in no way reduces the value of improving overall quality of life, since enhancing the quality of survival for end-stage cancer patients is a high priority medical goal.
Rousseau, the Enlightenment and early American education

Rousseau and the Enlightenment should have been profound influences on early American education. Rousseau especially was widely read in the new nation, and Emile offered a powerful model for child-rearing in a young republic which professed to prize individualism, liberty, and citizenship. But in fact Rousseau had no such impact. He was little followed by the pedagogues of the new republic, and he has not been credited with any consequential effect by subsequent scholars. The implication of his lack of influence is plain. The new American nation was never as Enlightened—as hopeful about human nature or as suspicious of authority, as devoted to liberation or as hostile to tradition and parochialism—as American myth would have it. The resistance to Rousseau suggests that early Americans prized freedom and individuality less than conformism and collective, even coercive, control.
Consumer behavior and superstradom

Abstract In this paper, we view the superstar phenomenon as an implication of probabilistic mechanisms by which individuals are selected for the production of artistic products (e.g., motion pictures and operas). Specifically, this study employs a stochastic model of G. Udny Yule and Herbert A. Simon as probability mechanisms through which individuals are chosen by casting directors for their appearance in motion pictures, and predicts that movie appearances will be concentrated among a few lucky individuals. We find that empirical data shows remarkable conformity to the prediction of our model. In all genres of motion pictures, we find that the probability distribution implied by the stochastic model explains more tha 97% of the cross-sectional distribution of movie appearances by individuals. Our results support the notion that consumers (i.e., casting directors) minimize search cost by choosing the most popular movie stars.