cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
High-sensitivity amino acid sequence determination of radioactive proteins made in vivo or in vitro.

Abstract As an application of two-dimensional chromatography of phenylthiohydantoin amino acids ( M. R. Summer, G. W. Smythers, and S. Oroszlan, 1973 , Anal. Biochem. 53 , 624–628), a highly sensitive method was developed to sequence manually the NH 2 -terminal region of radioactive proteins synthesized in vivo and in vitro . It allows characterization of a uniformly labeled polypeptide containing less than 50 cpm per residue of [ 14 C]amino acid radioactivity without any special instrumentation.
CD160 and BTLA: LIGHTs out for CD4+ T cells.

The T cell costimulatory protein LIGHT and coinhbitory protein BTLA share a common ligand, HVEM. Now CD160 is also shown to bind HVEM and deliver a potent inhibitory signal to CD4 T cells.
Perspective: Extremely fine tuning of doping enabled by combinatorial molecular-beam epitaxy

Chemical doping provides an effective method to control the electric properties of complex oxides. However, the state-of-art accuracy in controlling doping is limited to about 1%. This hampers elucidation of the precise doping dependences of physical properties and phenomena of interest, such as quantum phase transitions. Using the combinatorial molecular beam epitaxy, we improve the accuracy in tuning the doping level by two orders of magnitude. We illustrate this novel method by two examples: a systematic investigation of the doping dependence of interface superconductivity, and a study of the competing ground states in the vicinity of the insulator-to-superconductor transition.
Attachment Studies with Borderline Patients: A Review

Clinical theorists have suggested that disturbed attachments are central to borderline personality disorder (BPD) psychopathology. This article reviews 13 empirical studies that examine the types of attachment found in individuals with this disorder or with dimensional characteristics of BPD. Comparison among the 13 studies is handicapped by the variety of measures and attachment types that these studies have employed. Nevertheless, every study concludes that there is a strong association between BPD and insecure attachment. The types of attachment found to be most characteristic of BPD subjects are unresolved, preoccupied, and fearful. In each of these attachment types, individuals demonstrate a longing for intimacy and—at the same time—concern about dependency and rejection. The high prevalence and severity of insecure attachments found in these adult samples support the central role of disturbed interpersonal relationships in clinical theories of BPD. This review concludes that these types of insecure attachment may represent phenotypic markers of vulnerability to BPD, suggesting several directions for future research.
The many roles of meta data in data integration

This paper is a short introduction to an industrial session on the use of meta data to address data integration problems in large enterprises. The main topics are data discovery, version and configuration management, and mapping development.
Ultrastructural characteristics of the brain and blood-brain barrier in experimental seizures

During experimental seizures, the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is broken; tracer substances such as I131-albumin, Evans blue and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) geographically locate the barrier breakdown primarily in the diencephalon. Using rats, we have induced seizures with electroshocks and demonstrated the breakdown of the BBB with Evans blue and HRP. We have shown that (1) the BBB breakdown is proportional to the number of electroconvulsant shocks (ES) given; (2) the mechanism of increased barrier permeability is primarily by micropinocytosis in the cerebral capillaries, arterioles, and, to a lesser extent, venules; and (3) the stimulus for micropinocytosis and hence BBB breakdown is associated with the abrupt rise in systemic blood pressure and cerebral vasodilatation that accompanies each ES. If the systolic hypertension is abolished via cervical cordotomy, there is little to no breakdown in the BBB.
A study of cochlear innervation in the young cat with the Golgi method

Abstract Individual afferent and efferent nerve fibers were identified and traced in Golgi-impregnated cochleas of cats from newborn to one month old. Afferent radial fibers project radially without varicoshies to terminate at the base of one or two inner hair cells. Outer spiral fibers have both radial and spiral orientations within the organ of Corti, do not form varicosities while crossing the base of the tunnel, and spiral for long distances in the outer spiral bundles. They contact many outer hair cells of more than one row both en passant and by small terminal branchlets. Two separate groups of efferent fibers are identifiable. Thin efferent fibers with many large varicosities spiral for long distances in the inner and tunnel spiral bundles; varicosities in the inner spiral bundle may contact radial afferent fibers or hair cells, depending on age. Thick radial efferent fibers course radially through the tunnel spiral bundle and across the upper part of the tunnel, often in fascicles. They contact a few outer hair cell bases by large terminals. The spiral expanse of the terminals is limited. These fibers are most common in the more basal turns of the organ. The present results confirm the anatomical separation of radial and spiral afferent fiber systems and identify two separate efferent populations beyond the neonatal period in the cat. The major features of afferent innervation discernible in Golgi-impregnated cochleas are present at birth, although some simplification of afferent fibers probably occurs during the first postnatal week. In contrast, the efferent fiber pattern undergoes important changes during the first few weeks after birth. In mature animals, the fine spiral efferents probably contact only afferent fibers, whereas the thick radial efferents may contact both outer hair cells and spiral afferent fibers. The possibility that some individual efferents branch to both inner and outer hair cell regions in the older cats cannot be ruled out.
Higher amounts of body fat are associated with inadequate intakes of calcium and vitamin D in African American women

Abstract Calcium and vitamin D are associated with obesity. We hypothesized that African American women with higher calcium and vitamin D intakes would have lower body fat compared with women with lower calcium and vitamin D intakes. This cross-sectional study included 100 premenopausal African American women aged 18 to 40 years with a spectrum of body mass indices (17.3-46.7 kg/m 2 ). Dietary information was obtained using 24-h recalls. Total body fat was determined by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and reported as percentage body fat (%BF). Subjects' data were divided into 2 groups (n = 50 per group) based on the median quartile of %BF, and differences were determined using independent t tests. Women with at least 37.9%BF had mean calcium (mg per day ± SD) and vitamin D intakes (µg per day ± SD) of 528.6 ± 146.0 and 3.8 ± .9, respectively. In comparison, women with lower %BF ( P P r = −.666), and vitamin D and %BF ( r = −.460) in the 100 women. In conclusion, women with lower intakes of calcium and vitamin D were more likely to exhibit excessive adiposity compared with women with higher intakes.
Neuropeptide Y-deficient mice show altered circadian response to simulated natural photoperiod.

Abstract Circadian rhythms, endogenously generated by the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), can be synchronized to a variety of photic and non-photic environmental stimuli. Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is produced in the intergeniculate leaflet (IGL) and known to mediate both photic and non-photic influences on the SCN. We recently found that npy−/− mice were slower to shift their locomotor activity onset to the new time of light offset when photoperiod was abruptly changed from light/dark (LD) cycle 18:6 to LD 6:18. In the present study, we measured the locomotor response of npy −/− mice to gradual changes in photoperiod (4 min a day) for 141 days (LD 16:8 changing to LD 8:16), mimicking external LD cycles in nature. When the photoperiod approached LD 8:16, npy−/− mice showed a significantly delayed onset of activity compared to wild-type mice. Activity patterns disintegrated into multiple bouts and intensity of activity decreased as the photoperiod changed and these changes were more pronounced in npy−/− mice. Our results lend further support to the idea that NPY is involved in circadian entrainment responses to seasonal photoperiod changes.
Effect of hexamethonium chloride on the ciliary and contractile systems of the ciliate Spirostomum.

SYNOPSIS. The effect of hexamethonium chloride, an acetyl-choline competitor, on the ciliary and myonemal systems of Spirostomum intermedium and S. ambiguum was investigated. Although the drug caused immobilization of the cilia, severe cell damage often ensued indicating an unspecific action. The general reaction was usually more severe and the ciliary inhibition less in S. ambiguum than in S. intermedium. It is postulated that the general reaction is the result of either membrane depolarization or binding of hexamethonium at the surface. Fed animals were more susceptible to drug action than starved ones. Raising the external potassium level did not affect the drug action.
The in vitro and in vivo metabolism of morantel in cattle and toxicology species.

(1987). The in Vitro and in Vivo Metabolism of Morantel in Cattle and Toxicology Species. Drug Metabolism Reviews: Vol. 18, No. 2-3, pp. 253-288.
Antigone's Laments, Creon's Grief : Mourning, Membership, and the Politics of Exception

This paper reads Sophocles' Antigone contextually, as an exploration of the politics of lamentation and larger conflicts these stand for. Antigone defies Creon's sovereign decree that her brother Polynices, who attacked the city with a foreign army and died in battle, be dishonoured - left unburied. But the play is not about Polynices' treason. It explores the clash in 5th century Athens between Homeric/ elite and democratic mourning practices. The former (represented by Antigone) memorialize the unique individuality of the dead, focus on the family's loss and bereavement and call for vengeance. The latter (represented by Creon) memorialize the dead's contribution to the immortal polis and emphasize (as in the Funeral Oration) the replaceability of those lost. Each economy of mourning sees the other as excessive and politically unstable. The remainders of both, managed by way of exception institutions such as tragedy and the Dionysian Festival, continue to haunt us now.
Stability switching at transcritical bifurcations of solitary waves in generalized nonlinear Schrödinger equations

Abstract Linear stability of solitary waves near transcritical bifurcations is analyzed for the generalized nonlinear Schrodinger equations with arbitrary forms of nonlinearity and external potentials in arbitrary spatial dimensions. Bifurcation of linear-stability eigenvalues associated with this transcritical bifurcation is analytically calculated. Based on this eigenvalue bifurcation, it is shown that both solution branches undergo stability switching at the transcritical bifurcation point. In addition, the two solution branches have opposite linear stability. These analytical results are compared with the numerical results, and good agreement is obtained.
Coprophagous beetle community (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae, Geotrupidae, Hydrophilidae) in two cattle pastures in South Bohemia

Simultaneous monitoring of coprophagous beetles was carried out using baited pitfall traps in mountain pastures at Jenin and Pasecna in the southern part of the Czech Republic. In total, 5,787 specimens of 31 species were collected in six one-week sampling trials carried out during 2011–2013. Little difference was found between the pastures in the total abundance of the collected material (8%) and in the diversity (Shannon’s index of diversity, Z = 1.78, P = 0.07). Considerable differences were found in the abundance of several species: Aphodius sphacelatus (Panzer 1798) and Aphodius erraticus (Linnaeus 1758) were more abundant at Jenin (by 85 and 98%, respectively), while Onthophagus fracticornis (Preyssler 1790), Anoplotrupes stercorosus (Hartmann in L. G. Scriba 1791), Geotrupes stercorarius (Linnaeus, 1758), and Aphodius depressus (Kugelann 1792) were more abundant at Pasecna (by 89%, 95% 100% and 100%, respectively). Due to their tunnelling breeding activity in soil beneath animal droppings, O. fracticornis and G. stercorarius may provide valuable ecosystem services in Pasecna pasture, mainly bioturbation and soil fertilisation.
Eigenspace based spatial-spectrum estimation for multiple beam antennas

High-resolution spatial spectrum estimation procedures in conjunction with narrowband multiple beam antenna (MBA) data are considered for source localization. The focus is on aspects of azimuth/elevation-spectrum estimation considering eigenspace estimators. Only two basic approaches to eigenspace spatial-spectrum estimators can be used with MBAs to provide unambiguous source azimuth/elevation estimates. These are the MUSIC approach and the recently developed first principal vectors (FINES) approach. Of these, FINES is recommended because it provides higher resolution. >
Association of Low Back Pain With Self-Reported Risk Factors Among Patients Seeking Physical Therapy Services

Background and Purpose. This study investigated the magnitude of association between low back pain (LBP) and self-reported factors thought to increase the risk of LBP. Subjects and Methods. Questionnaires were completed by 150 patients who were receiving physical therapy for LBP and by 138 patients who were being treated for other reasons. The solicited information was used to estimate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the LBP-risk factor association. Results. Low back pain was positively associated with smoking status, pregnancy, industrial vibration exposure, and time spent in a car (odds ratios ≥ 2.21). Daily lifting, body mass index, activity level, and time sitting or standing showed at most a weak positive association with LBP. Comparisons with estimated associations from other studies were made. Conclusion and Discussion. Data from this study support a statistically significant association between LBP and some factors found in other research to increase the risk of LBP. Study findings may have implications for targeting at-risk groups for back care education or intervention programs.
Solid-fuel ramjet fuel regression rate/thrust modulation

An experimental investigation was conducted to determine if inlet air swirl and/or secondary gaseous injection could be used effectively for fuel regression rate control or thrust modulation in a solid-fuel ramjet. Inlet swirl characteristics were measured in nonreacting flows. Tests were conducted at high and low air mass fluxes using three fuel compositions with equivalence ratios between 0.5 and 1.8. Swirl introduced downstream of the air inlet was found to be effective for obtaining limited increases in the fuel regression rate, but the magnitude was highly dependent upon motor geometry. Swirl interactions with the reattaching inlet flow and/or significantly increased near-wall mixing were found to be detrimental to efficient combustion. Energetic gaseous fuels (H2, C2H4) can be easily injected and efficiently burned under fuel-lean conditions to significantly enhance thrust.
Broiler Chick Utilization of Threonine from Fermentation By-Product Broth

Abstract Initial crystallization of L-threonine from its fermentation broth of origin reduces concentration to form a by-product liquid that could also serve as a feed supplement. Present experimentation compared responses of male broilers from 1 to 21 d of age when fed L-threonine supplied by a feed grade (98.5%) crystalline source and an 8% by-product fermentation liquid. A corn-peanut basal diet (0.59% threonine, 23% CP, and 3.20 kcal ME/g) was progressively supplemented with increasing amounts of crystalline and liquid sources of threonine to construct additional experimental diets having totals of 0.66, 0.73, and 0.80%. N balance and AME were measured from excreta collections from d 19 to 21. Slope-ratio assays indicated that both threonine sources were equivalent in terms of BW, feed conversion, and N retention. Birds consuming feeds supplemented with 8% threonine by-product broth had greater feed consumption and BW compared with birds receiving the crystalline form; feed conversion, N retention, and AMEn indicated similar utilization for each source. Progressively increasing concentrations with both threonine sources led to a linear improvement in feed conversion for the entire period, which paralleled the linear increases in N retention and AME observed at the end.
Identification of a novel guanylyl cyclase that is related to receptor guanylyl cyclases, but lacks extracellular and transmembrane domains

We have identified a novel guanylyl cyclase, named MsGC-I, that is expressed in the nervous system of Manduca sexta. MsGC-I shows highest sequence identity with receptor guanylyl cyclases throughout its catalytic and dimerization domains but does not contain the ligand-binding, transmembrane, or kinase-like domains characteristic of receptor guanylyl cyclases. In addition, MsGC-I contains a C-terminal extension of 149 amino acids that is not present in other receptor guanylyl cyclases. The sequence of MsGC-I contains no regions that show similarity to the regulatory domain of soluble guanylyl cyclases. Thus, MsGC-I appears to represent a member of a new class of guanylyl cyclases. We show that both a transcript and a protein of the sizes predicted from the MsGC-I cDNA are present in the nervous system of Manduca and that MsGC-I is expressed in a small population of neurons within the abdominal ganglia. When expressed in COS-7 cells, MsGC-I appears to exist as a soluble homodimer with high levels of basal guanylyl cyclase activity that is insensitive to stimulation by nitric oxide. Western blot analysis, however, shows that MsGC-I is localized to the particulate fraction of nervous system homogenates, suggesting that it may be membrane-associated in vivo.
Normal and superconducting radio-frequency cavities for high energy particle accelerators

As a starting point we begin with an introduction to the general parallel-resonant circuit as a model for the RF resonant cavity with its surface resistance, R s , and voltage-amplification parameter, Q. Early RF cavities were of polished high purity Cu. Factors controlling the R s of a Cu cavity are: temperature, T, operating frequency, ƒ, and electrical resistivity, ρ, parameters associated with which are electron mean-free-path (l) and skin depth (δ). Surface resistance decreases with decreasing T and ρ in the normal skin-effect regime until a limit is reached at δ = l. Beyond this point the cavity wall enters the “anomalous-skin-effect regime” within which R s is temperature independent and of order mΩ. To further reduce R s and increase Q the cavity needs to be lined with or constructed from superconducting material. Currently the superconductor of choice is Nb whose BCS-based R s (i.e. R s BCS) is some 3 to 4 orders of magnitude smaller than that of Cu. The R s BCS of the Nb cavity decreases rapidly with temperature, hence the advantage of cooling by superfluid helium. In general R s BCS also decreases rapidly with increase in T c , the superconductor's transition temperature. Thus replacing Nb with an ideal uniform coating of Nb 3 Sn, for example, would in principal reduce R s BCS by 105. Many factors can perturb the R s of superconducting cavities and act to reduce the Q-factor, among them are: (i) Trapped magnetic flux from some external magnetic field which should expose the surface to no more than a few tens of µT, (ii) enhanced surface RF magnetic field (associated with surface defects) which limits the attainable accelerating field, (iii) effects associated with cavity shape and surface imperfections such as field emission and thermal breakdown. Finally the operating parameters of the LHC and the ILC are presented in terms of the accelerating properties of their SRF cavities.
ASSET CHARACTERISTICS AND THE IMPACT OF IT ON FIRM SCOPE AND PERFORMANCE

The literature in IS suggests that IT affects firms’ vertical and horizontal boundaries. This research examines how the nature of firms’ assets and information technology interact to influence the level of vertical integration and horizontal diversification. Using panel data from 2001 to 2004, the analysis suggests that the negative relationship between IT and vertical integration identified in the literature is attributable to IT’s role in coordinating firms’ tangible assets. On the other hand, the positive relationship between IT and firms’ horizontal diversification is attributable to IT’s role in leveraging a firm’s intangible assets across different businesses. The analysis also indicates that for less vertically integrated firms, IT increases the contribution of tangible assets to performance. And for more diversified firms, IT may increase the contribution of intangible assets to performance. The general implication of this research is that firms with more tangible assets may use information technology to become more vertically specialized, whereas firms with more intangible assets may deploy information technology to become more horizontally diversified.
Effect of twitch interval duration on the contractile function of subsequent twitches in isolated rat, rabbit, and dog myocardium under physiological conditions

Many studies have shown that a change in stimulation frequency leads to altered contractility of the myocardium. However, it remains unclear what changes occur directly after a change in frequency ...
Management of cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea: the Medical College of Wisconsin experience.

Introduction: The management of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea has evolved in recent years. The purpose of this comprehensive retrospective study is to assess issues related to the management of skull base defects associated with CSF rhinorrhea involving the nose and paranasal sinuses. Methods: A retrospective review of CSF leak management was conducted. This study included patients with CSF rhinorrhea managed by the Department of Otolaryngology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, front 1992 to 2002. Data collected included site of leak, surgical approach, and any recurrence of leak. Resuits: Fifty-seven CSF leaks occurred in 53 patients with CSF rhinorrhea originating from the nose or paranasal sinuses. Twenty-eight of the 53 had iatrogenic injuries resulting in CSF rhinorrhea, 16 had leaks from trauma, and 13 developed spontaneous CSF leaks. Ten patients responded to nonoperative management with bed rest with or without lumbar drain placement. Forty-three patients with 47 leaks underwent surgical repair of CSF rhinorrhea, of which 38 resolved after initial repair. Five of these patients developed recurrent CSF leaks at the repair site but resolved with subsequent surgery. Of these, two initially presented with spontaneous CSF leaks, one patient had a gunshot wound with massive skull base injury, and two recurred after repair of an iatrogenic injury. Factors associated with failure included lateral sphenoid leaks and elevated body mass index (BMI). Discussion: Multiple approaches to the management of CSF rhinorrhea can be successful. An endoscopic repair results in resolution of CSF rhinorrhea in the majority of cases. Patients with spontaneous CSF rhinorrhea, elevated BMI, lateral sphenoid leaks, and extensive skull base defects are at increased risk for recurrence. Alternative management options may need to be considered in these cases.
5D virtual constructions: Designer/constructor’s perspective

The construction activity level intricacy makes the whole construction process quite complicated and difficult for planners and builders. 4D (3D+Time) construction planning is a promising area, and it presents the ability to represent the construction process with the additional sequential dimension. It makes the virtual models easy to analyze and plan for the sequence of activities. Traditionally, architectural/construction engineering and technology education, especially construction scheduling has been dependent on bar charts and network diagrams. However, students can hardly understand the schedule-construction progress relationship using a CPM network or a bar chart. Using 4D visualization students can learn time-space relationship in construction schedule more effectively. The objective of this research was to create a user-friendly 5D (3D+time+cost) model by adding the cost of project with reference to the time line so that the planners would be able to peg the cost control measures with the schedule. The study provides a structured method and a systematic approach that will enable the students and planners to develop 5D models without worrying about the errors and software hitches. This 5D visualization model will facilitate developing a more realistic approach to the whole construction process. The entire model is integrated to produce an interactive visualization to make the process fairly easier for students as well as the construction industry professionals. In addition to this, changes to the 5D model can be done easily by triggering changes at one level. The techniques demonstrated through 5D virtual construction models can potentially be a valuable tool not only in the classroom, but also as an effective learner-centered self-directed tool to learn planning and construction processes.
Seasonal patterns of daily net photosynthesis, transpiration and net primary productivity of Juncus roemerianus and Spartina alterniflora in a Georgia salt marsh.

Studies of the seasonal CO2 and water vapor exchange patterns of Juncus roemerianus and Spartina alterniflora were conducted in an undisturbed marsh community on Sapelo Island, Georgia. Daily patterns of net photosynthesis, transpiration, leaf diffusive conductance and water-use efficiency in response to ambient conditions were monitored on intact, in situ plants. Net primary productivity was calculated from the daytime CO2 fixation totals, nighttime CO2 loss, leaf standing stock and aboveground to belowground biomass ratios for each plant type. The tall form of S. alterniflora had higher rates of photosynthesis and higher water-use efficiency values which, in conjunction with low respiratory losses and large leaf standing crop, results in high values of net primary productivity. The environmental factors in the marsh which permit these physiological responses occur in less than 10% of the marsh. Overall, the physiological capabilities of the short form of S. alterniflora were reduced in comparison to the tall form, but the combination of environmental factors which determine the physiological responses of this form occur in a much greater portion of the marsh, and the short form of S. alterniflora dominates the Sapelo Island marshes. The response patterns of the C3 species, J. roemerianus, differed somewhat from the height forms of S. alterniflora. A large, seasonally constant leaf standing crop coupled with moderate rates of photosynthesis resulted in a net primary productivity value which was between the tall and short height forms of S. alterniflora. However, as with the tall S. alterniflora, the environmental conditions under which this high productivity and high water loss rate can be sustained are restricted to specific regions of the environmental gradient in the marsh.
An analysis of power reduction techniques in scan testing

Power consumption during scan testing is becoming a concern. Circuit switching activity during scan shifting is high and results in high average and instantaneous power consumption. This paper presents a scheme for reducing power and provides analysis results on an industrial design.
Tailoring the surface of liquid crystal droplets with chitosan/surfactant complexes for the selective detection of bile acids in biological fluids

We report an approach for tailoring the surface of 4-n-pentyl-4′-cyanobiphenyl (5CB) droplets by the adsorption of chitosan (CHI) at the 5CB/aqueous interface, followed by the penetration of sodium tetradecyl sulfate (SC14S). The CHI/SC14S complex-coated 5CB droplets can be used as optical probes for the detection of cholic acid (CA) in phosphate-buffered saline and urine without dilution. We find that the CHI coating can significantly reduce the detection limit of 5CB droplets for CA. By controlling the number of CHI/SC14S complex-coated 5CB droplets, the detection limit for CA can be changed from ∼75 μM to ∼0.5 μM, which covers the concentration range of CA in individual urine with and without intestinal diseases.
Family structure and young adult health outcomes

Previous research finds adverse effects of nontraditional family structures on cognitive and educational outcomes, but less is known about potential impacts on health. We use the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health to examine two health statuses (self-reported overall health and depression) and one health behavior (smoking), estimating both static logit models of point-in-time health and discrete-time hazard models of health transitions. Overall, we find adverse associations between nontraditional family structures and health statuses and behavior. There are long-lasting associations of family structure with outcomes well into adulthood, not all of which are evident in adolescence. Dynamic estimates often inform but also provide new information not seen in the static model. “Unpacking” the family structure variables by period of childhood provides insight into how the timing of family break-ups affects the life trajectories of health and health behavior. Our findings differ remarkably by gender. Girls’ health appears more sensitive to family structure than boys’. In combination with prior findings in the literature, our findings intriguingly suggest that family break-ups and changes affect boys mostly through cognitive, educational, and emotional channels, while girls are most affected in their health and health behaviors. A major methodological contribution of this study is better measurement of family structure. We find that many adverse associations are masked by cruder measures in typical use.
Network coding for facilitating secrecy in large wireless networks

It is well known that network coding can improve the secrecy of a network that is represented by a graph with edges tapped by an eavesdropper. However, the application of such secure network coding to emerging problems in information-theoretic secrecy in wireless networks has been limited; in particular, the graph-based wiretap network approach does not readily extend to the physical wireless network. In this paper, we consider the impact of such an extension on scaling laws for wireless networks. We first employ simple examples to illustrate how an extension of the secure network coding approach can address difficult problems that have plagued wireless network security; for example, relaxing the known eavesdropper location assumption or avoiding the use of artificial noise generation. Based on this understanding, we then add secure network coding approaches to recent constructions for secrecy scaling in large wireless networks, most notably achieving secure pernode throughput in large wireless networks in the presence of an arbitrary number of non-collaborating eavesdroppers.
The microRNA156 and microRNA172 gene regulation cascades at post-germinative stages in Arabidopsis

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in developmental programmes of plants, including seed germination and post-germination. Here, we provide evidence that two different miRNA pathways, miR156 and miR172, interact during the post-germination stages in Arabidopsis. Mutant seedlings expressing miR156-resistant SQUAMOSA PROMOTER-BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE13 (mSPL13), which has silent mutations in the miR156 complementary sequence, over-accumulated SPL13 mRNA and exhibited a delay in seedling development. Microarray analysis indicated that SCHNARCHZAPFEN (SNZ), an AP2-like gene targeted by miR172, was downregulated in these mutants. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and miRNA gel blot analyses showed that the MIR172 genes were up-regulated in mSPL13 mutants. These results suggest that the miRNA regulation cascades (miR156 s SPL13 ! miR172 s SNZ) play a critical role during the post-germination developmental stages in Arabidopsis.
Development of Multiplexed Species Specific Polymerase Chain Reaction Assays for Identification of the Culex (Melanoconion) Species (Diptera: Culicidae) of the Southeastern United States Based on rDNA

ABSTRACT Adult female mosquitoes within the subgenus Culex (Melanoconion) Theobald (Diptera: Culicidae) are difficult to identify to species using external morphological features. We present two multiplexed polymerase chain reaction assays that quickly and accurately identify specimens from the southeastern United States based on sequence differences in the internal transcribed spacers of the ribosomal DNA gene array. One assay identifies all species that occur only in Florida, whereas the second assay identifies species that may occur in other southeastern states. These assays require small amounts of DNA, such as DNA from two sonicated legs, or an individual specimen. These assays also may be run as multiple singleplex reactions to determine the mosquito species composition of virus-positive mosquito pools. Reaction volumes may be as low as 10 µl, which reduces assay cost.
Biostatistics Cores: Improving the Chances for Funding

Abstract A Biostatistics Core provides support for research projects with a common programmatic theme. The Core organization presents an opportunity for long-term, effective interaction between statisticians and scientists. Statisticians seeking this type of support should prepare for both a peer review and a general review from the nonstatistical members of the review committee. Demonstration of technical excellence alone is usually not sufficient for approval. The applicants must also convince the review committee that the Biostatistics Core budget is cost effective and that the Core's activities will increase the quality and productivity of the overall research program.
Synthesis, microbicidal activity, and solution structure of the dodecapeptide from bovine neutrophils.

The dodecapepetide sequence R-L-C-R-I-V-V-I-R-V-C-R with a disulfide bridge between the cysteine residues found in bovine neutrophils was synthesized by solid-phase procedures. Its antimicrobial activity against oral microorganisms such as Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Streptococcus mutans, and Streptococcus gordonii was examined, and its structural features were examined by CD and determined by two-dimensional (2D) nmr. The strains P. gingivalis (W50 and 381), A. actinomycetemcomitans (Y4 and 67), S. gordonii (DL1), and S. mutans (GS5) are found to be highly sensitive to this peptide at 2-2.5 microM concentrations, suggesting that the dodecapeptide is a potent antibiotic for oral pathogens. The weak negative n-sigma* band observed at approximately 265-270 nm in the CD spectra of this peptide provides evidence for the presence of a disulfide bridge. The negative n-pi* band at approximately 200 nm and the positive pi-pi* band at 185 nm suggest a folded structure for this peptide. The negative n-pi* shifts from 200 to 206 nm with an increase in intensity in dipalmitoylphosphotidylcholine vesicles, suggesting that the peptide might associate to form higher order aggregates in lipid medium. The assignment of backbone and side-chain proton resonances has been accomplished by the combined analysis of 2D total correlated and nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy. The temperature dependence of amide NH chemical shifts and (1)H-(2)H exchange effect on amide NH resonances indicate the involvement of amide NH groups of Cys3, Ile5, Ile8, Val10, and Arg12 in intramolecular hydrogen bonding. The coupling constant (J(NH-C(alpha)H)) values, the set of medium-, short-, and long-range nuclear Overhauser effects, and the results of restrained structure calculation using the distance geometry algorithm for nmr applications provide evidence for a folded, loop-like structure with a type I (III) beta-turn involving Ile5, Val6, Val7, and Ile8, and two antiparallel beta-strands involving the N-terminal Arg1, Leu2, Cys3, and Val4 and the C-terminal Arg9, Val10, Cys11, and Arg12 residues. The structure of the dodecapeptide mimics the amphiphilic structure of large 30-35 residue defensins and the peptide appears to exhibit similar antimicrobial potency.
Movements of Wages over the Business Cycle: An Intra-Firm View

This paper tests the hypothesis that firms adjust to the business cycle by altering employment through promotion and hiring and hold the salary structure and salaries assigned to jobs relatively constant. Two comprehensive firm-level panel datasets are used to examine salary setting and worker movement within firms. The salary structure is found to be rigid while promotion rates are cyclically sensitive. In contrast to the hypothesis, wage cyclicality in these two firms is driven by changes in salaries associated with jobs rather than by worker movement. An additional finding is that salaries in the two firms are countercyclical.
Trisomic and allelic differences influence phenotypic variability during development of Down syndrome mice.

Individuals with full or partial Trisomy 21 (Ts21) present with clinical features collectively referred to as Down syndrome (DS), although DS phenotypes vary in incidence and severity between individuals. Differing genetic and phenotypic content in individuals with DS as well as mouse models of DS facilitate the understanding of the correlation between specific genes and phenotypes associated with Ts21. The Ts1Rhr mouse model is trisomic for 33 genes (the “Down syndrome critical region” or DSCR) hypothesized to be responsible for many clinical DS features, including craniofacial dysmorphology with a small mandible. Experiments with Ts1Rhr mice showed that the DSCR was not sufficient to cause all DS phenotypes by identifying uncharacteristic craniofacial abnormalities not found in individuals with DS or other DS mouse models. We hypothesized that the origins of the larger, dysmorphic mandible observed in adult Ts1Rhr mice develop from larger embryonic craniofacial precursors. Because of phenotypic variability seen in subsequent studies with Ts1Rhr mice, we also hypothesized that genetic background differences would alter Ts1Rhr developmental phenotypes. Using Ts1Rhr offspring from two genetic backgrounds, we found differences in mandibular precursor volume as well as total embryonic volume and postnatal body size of Ts1Rhr and nontrisomic littermates. Additionally, we observed increased relative expression of Dyrk1a and differential expression of Ets2 on the basis of the genetic background in the Ts1Rhr mandibular precursor. Our results suggest that trisomic gene content and allelic differences in trisomic or nontrisomic genes influence variability in gene expression and developmental phenotypes associated with DS.
Halcinonide, a New Topical Anti-Inflammatory Steroid

Halcinomide, a new topical fluorinated steroid was compared in a double-blind, simultaneous comparison with betamethasone valerate. Halcinoide was found to be superior in the treatment of psoriasis and equally effective as betamethasone valerate in the treatment of atopic dermatitis.
Rubiacearum Americanarum Magna Hama Pars XXX: More New Species of Palicourea (Palicoureeae) from Western South America

Eleven new species of Palicourea Aubl. from the Andes of Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia are documented by recent exploration. Two new species from the Andes of Ecuador and Peru belong to Palicourea subg. Palicourea and are similar to P. premontana C. M. Taylor: P. hollinensis C. M. Taylor of the Cordillera del Condor differs in its stiff leaves and pubescent corollas, and P. rodriguezii C. M. Taylor of the Cordillera del Condor and the Cordillera Yanachaga differs in its well-developed pedicels and broadly angled pyrenes. Nine new species from the Andes of Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia belong to Palicourea subg. Montanae C. M. Taylor: P. albaniana C. M. Taylor of the Cordillera del Condor differs from P. lasiophylla K. Krause in its larger bracts; P. azulina C. M. Taylor of central Peru differs from P. sulphurea (Ruiz & Pav.) DC. in its shorter blue corollas; P. bullulata C. M. Taylor of Ecuador is notable for its bullulate leaves and well-developed bracts; P. pachystipula C. M. Taylor of Ecuador differs from P. lyristipula Wernham in its larger stipules and flowers; P. palaciosii C. M. Taylor of Ecuador is notable for its spiciform inflorescences with well-developed bracts and its horned corolla lobes; P. sucllii C. M. Taylor of Peru and Bolivia differs from P. azulina by its shorter stipules and generally longer corollas; P. tunquiensis C. M. Taylor of Peru differs from P. candida C. M. Taylor in its corolla lobes with long apical appendages; P. vernicosa C. M. Taylor of the Cordillera Yanachaga differs from P. albaniana in its glabrous, shiny, stiff leaves; and P. yanesha C. M. Taylor of Peru differs from P. canarina C. M. Taylor in its pubescent corollas with well-developed horns on the lobes.
Excess Returns, Average Returns and the Adjustment Mechanism of the External Position of a Country

I provide a new decomposition of the external constraint of a country in which, in addition to the trade and valuation channel, adjustments in the stochastic discount factor and the spread between average international returns and risk-free rate can offset a current debt position. The importance of these channels is empirically assessed using US data. A primary contribution of the discount factor and secondary effects of excess and average returns are found in the non-detrended analysis, confirming the theoretical characterization of the valuation effects in previous literature. By using detrended data instead, the role of excess returns would be spuriously overestimated.
Algeria cuts: women and representation, 1830 to the present

Algeria cuts: women and representation, 1830 to the present by Ranjana Khanna, Stanford, California: Stanford University Press, 2008, 328 pp., US$24.95 (paperback), ISBN-10:0-8047-5262-1; ISBN-13:9...
Table-top ultrafast x-ray spectroscopy using a laser plasma source and superconducting microcalorimeters

We present x-ray absorption and emission measurements of Fe-based compounds using ionizing radiation generated by a femtosecond pulsed laser source in combination with superconducting microcalorimeters.
The Impact of Telecommunication Growth on the Service Sector: a co integration analysis

Using annual time series data of Sri Lanka this study examines the impact of telecommunication sector growth on the service sector growth. The methodology employed consists of the bivariate and multivariate co integration approach to establish the long run equilibrium relationship and causality testing is employed to detect the direction of this relationship. The current study is the first of its kind to use annual secondary data to examine the long run relationship between telecommunications sector and service sector in Sri Lanka. I find statistical evidence for a positive long run equilibrium relationship between telecommunication sector growth and service sector growth which confirmed the research hypothesis. Finally, the possibility of one-way link between telecommunications sector growth and service sector growth was established through causality test. Based on these finding the current study emphasizes the need to target long term growth strategies in the telecommunication service sector for Sri Lanka. Journal of Management 2013 9(1): 58-69
BRICA in Global Pharmaceutical Provision

The future of the global pharmaceutical supply and demand chain lies in the development potential of the BRICA countries. BRICA is the abbreviation of Brazil, Russia, India, China and Africa. To begin with, most discussions about the future of the pharmaceutical industry surround the BRIC countries, that is, Brazil, Russia, India and China. The pharmaceutical potential of BRIC lies in its market size, population informatics for prevalent diseases, especially neglected diseases, as well as traditional and plant medicine. However, as the outside world has gained more understanding of the health issues facing Africa, the African continent also constitutes immense potential to be part of the solution of global pharmaceutical supply and demand.
Thrombin cleavage enhances exposure of a heparin binding domain in the N-terminus of the fibrin beta chain

Thrombin (IIa)-cleavage of fibrinogen (FBG) to form polymerized fibrin promotes endothelial cell spreading, proliferation, and von Willebrand factor release, requiring the exposure of the beta 15–42 domain. Studies reported here indicate that IIa-cleavage of fibrinopeptide B enhances exposure of a heparin binding domain at the beta 15–42 neo-N- terminus of fibrin. Crossed immunoelectrophoresis showed heparin- induced mobility shifts indicative of complexing with FBG and with N- terminal CNBr fragments of FBG (NDSK) and of fibrin (IIa-NDSK), but not evidence of heparin complexing with FBG lacking B beta 1–42 or with FBG fragments D and E was seen. Elution from heparin-agarose with a linear gradient of NaCl showed that bound portions of both intact FBG and D fragments eluted below physiologic salt concentrations, whereas E3 fragments lacking B beta 1–53 did not bind. NDSK bound with higher affinity than did intact FBG, whereas binding of IIa-NDSK was maximal in this system. Binding of fibrin(ogen) to heparin agarose was saturable as well as inhibitable in a dose-dependent manner with both FBG and heparin. Scatchard analysis indicated a single class of binding site, with dissociation constants (kd) of 0.3 mumol/L for IIa-NDSK, 0.8 mumol/L for NDSK, and 18 mumol/L for FBG. Immobilized fibrin had twofold more heparin binding sites than did immobilized FBG and required a 5.5-fold higher concentration of heparin to inhibit by 50% the binding of labeled heparin. Together, the results indicate that IIa- cleavage results in enhanced exposure of two heparin binding domains (HBDs) with approximately threefold higher affinity in fibrin than in FBG. Synthetic peptide beta 15–42 showed highest binding to heparin- agarose followed by B beta 1–42, whereas peptides beta 18–31, beta 18– 27, and beta 24–42 did not bind. Thus, the primary structure of beta 15– 42 is required for specificity of heparin binding. Basic residues within the beta 15–32 region segregate primarily to one side of an alpha-helix in a helical wheel diagram, as is typical for authentic HBDs. Desulfated heparin and heparan sulfate bound more fibrin(ogen) than did other proteoglycans; however, heparin bound sixfold more Ila- NDSK than NDSK. These results confirm that fibrin binds to heparin with higher affinity than does FBG and that fibrin binding is not solely dependent on charge interactions of beta 15–42 with the negatively charged glycosaminoglycan.
Putting Words on the Page

Carol and I sit at Starbucks, sipping cinnamon chais. She intrigues me with stories from her research on conservative religious couples in BDSM relationships. I flip through the stack of her transcripts and find an eloquent example that illustrates a point she’s just made. I interrupt her, tapping on the pile of paper. “What’s next?” I ask. “What are you writing?”
Gay Republican in the American Culture War: Wisconsin Congressman Steve Gunderson, 1989-1996

Any memory of Republican representative Steve Gunderson in the national political consciousness has faded. His is a chapter of gay American history obscured by the combative politics and duplicitous personalities of the “Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell” era. The GOP’s antigay hom- ilies of the early 1990s amplified western Wisconsin’s trepidation over Gunderson’s glass closet homosexuality (read: not fooling anybody). Masked as legitimate civic discourse, the exclusionary alarm in the nation’s Driftless Area effectively marginalized the history Gunderson made as the first out gay Republican elected to Congress. Just as we have seen with Katharine Bernent Davis (Chapter 8), Gunderson was forced out of office and into the footnotes shortly thereafter.