cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Treating complexity: Collaborative care for multiple chronic conditions

Individuals with co-morbid chronic medical illness and psychiatric illness are a costly and complex patient population, at high risk for poor outcomes. Health-risk behaviours (e.g. smoking, poor diet, and sedentary lifestyle), side effects from psychiatric medications, and poor quality medical care all contribute to poor outcomes. Individuals with major depression die, on average, 5 to 10 years before their age-matched counterparts. For individuals with severe mental illness such as bipolar disorder or schizophrenia, life expectancy may be up to 20 years shorter. As the majority of this premature mortality is due to cardiovascular disease, there is a critical need to engage these individuals around the care of chronic medical illness.
Error Floors of LDPC Codes on the Binary Symmetric Channel

In this paper, we propose a semi-analytical method to compute error floors of LDPC codes on the binary symmetric channel decoded iteratively using the Gallager B algorithm. The error events of the decoder are characterized using combinatorial objects called trapping sets, originally defined by Richardson. In general, trapping sets are characteristic of the graphical representation of a code. We study the structure of trapping sets and explore their relation to graph parameters such as girth and vertex degrees. Using the proposed method, we compute error floors of regular structured and random LDPC codes with column weight three.
Dating offset fans along the Mojave section of the San Andreas fault using cosmogenic 26Al and 10Be

Analysis of cosmogenic 1 0 Be and 2 6 Al in samples collected from exposed boulders (n = 20) and from buried sediment (n = 3) from offset fans along the San Andreas fault near Little Rock, California, yielded ages, ranging from 16 to 413 ka, which increase with dis-Lance from their source at the mouth of Little Rock Creek. In order to determine the age of the relatively younger fans, the erosion rate of the boulders and the cosmogenic nuclide inheritance from exposure prior to deposition in the fan were established. Cosmogenic nuclide inheritance values that range between 8.5 x 10 3 and 196 × 10 3 atoms 1 0 Be g - 1 quartz were determined by measuring the concentrations and ratios of 1 0 Be and 2 6 Al in boulders (n = 10) and fine sediment (n = 7) at the outlet of the present active stream. Boulder erosion rate, ranging between 17 and 160 mm k.y. - 1 , was estimated by measuring 1 0 Be and 2 6 Al concentrations in nearby bedrock outcrops (n = 8). Since the boulders on the fans represent the most resistant rocks in this environment, we used the lowest rate for the age calculations. Monte Carlo simulations were used to determine ages of 16 ′ 5 and 29 ′ 7 ka for the two younger fan surfaces. Older fans (older than 100 ka) were dated by analyzing 1 0 Be and 2 6 Al concentrations in buried sand samples. The ages of the three oldest fans range between 227 ′ 242 and 413 ′ 185 ka. Although fan age determinations are accompanied by large uncertainties, the results of this study show a clear trend of increasing fan ages with increasing distance from the source near Little Rock Creek and provide a long-term slip rate along this section of the San Andreas fault. Slip rate along the Mojave section of the San Andreas fault for the past 413 k.y. can be determined in several ways. The average slip rate calculated from the individual fan ages is 4.2 ′ 0.9 cm yr - 1 . A linear regression through the data points implies a slip rate of 3.7 ′ 1.0 cm yr - 1 . A most probable slip rate of 3.0 ′ 1.0 cm yr - 1 is determined by using a Χ 2 test. These rates suggest that the average slip along the Mojave section of the San Andreas fault has been relatively constant over this time period. The slip rate along the Mojave section of the San Andreas fault, determined in this study, agrees well with previous slip rate calculations for the Quaternary.
Nonviral Oncogenic Antigens and the Inflammatory Signals Driving Early Cancer Development as Targets for Cancer Immunoprevention

Cancer immunoprevention is an emerging field that holds much promise. Within the past 20 years, prophylactic vaccines have been implemented on the population level for the immunoprevention of carcinomas induced by viruses, specifically hepatitis B virus (HBV) and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Armed with the success of prophylactic vaccines that prevent viral-induced tumors, the field must overcome its next hurdle: to develop robust prophylactic vaccines that prevent the remaining >80% of human cancers not induced by viral infection. In this review, we discuss some of the most promising non–virus-associated prophylactic vaccines that target endogenous neoantigens, including the earliest oncogene products, altered mucin 1 (MUC1) and α-enolase (ENO1), all of which produce new targets in the earliest stages of nonviral-induced tumorigenesis. We also highlight a novel attenuated Listeria monocytogenes –based vaccine expressing mutant oncogene Kras G12D ( LM-Kras ) effective in a pancreatic cancer model. A novel chimeric human/rat HER-2 plasmid vaccine (HuRT-DNA vaccine) effective in a breast cancer model is also discussed. In addition to prophylactic vaccine developments, this review highlights the potential use of classic drugs, such as aspirin and metformin, as chemopreventive agents that can potentially be used as adjuvants to enhance the anticancer immunogenicity and efficacy of noninfectious prophylactic vaccines by modulating the inflammatory pathways within the early tumor microenvironment (TME) that propels tumorigenesis. Finally, timing of prophylactic vaccine administration is critical to its immunopreventive efficacy, providing a necessary role of current and emerging biomarkers for cancer screening and early cancer detection. Clin Cancer Res; 21(7); 1549–57. ©2015 AACR .
Calcium-Activated Tension of Skinned Muscle Fibers of the Frog : Dependence on Magnesium Adenosine Triphosphate Concentration

The influence of MgATP on the Ga++-activated isometric tension of skinned frog muscle fibers was examined in solutions containing: Mg++ = 5 mM, creatine phosphate (CP) = 14.5 mM, creatinephosphokinase (CPK) = 1 mg/ml, total EGTA = 7 mM, CaCl2, KCl, imidazole ≥ 20 mM so that ionic strength = 0.15, pH = 7.00, and MgATP = 2 mM, 0.1 mM, or 20 µM. CP and CPK were necessary for these experiments as determined experimentally by their effect on the tension-Ca++ relation, which was saturated for CP ≥ 14.5 mM. This was interpreted to mean that sufficient CP was present to effectively buffer MgATP intracellularly. Decreasing MgATP shifts the tension-pCa curve to higher pCa (-log Ca++) so that, for half-maximal tension: pCa1/2 = 4.5 for MgATP = 2 mM, pCa1/2 = 5.1 for MgATP = 0.1 mM, and pCa1/2 = 5.8 for MgATP = 20 µM; maximum isometric tension is the same in all cases, however. If MgATP was decreased to 1 µM, tension at Ga++ > 10–8 M was 84% of the maximum Ca-+-activated tension in 2 mM MgATP and increased only slightly to 90% for pCa = 4.5. Weber (1970, In The Physiology and Biochemistry of Muscle as Food, Volume 2, E. J. Briskey, R. G. Cassens, and B. B. Marsh, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, Wis.), using similar solutions, observed similar shifts in half-maximal calcium activation of rabbit myofibril ATPase rates. In explanation, Weber and Bremel (1971, In Contractility of Muscle Cells and Related Processes, R. J. Podolsky, editor, Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, N.J.; Bremel and Weber, 1972, Nat. New Biol., 238:97) have described a mechanism whereby, at low ATP, "rigor complexes" are formed between myosin and thin filament actin and, in turn, alter the calcium affinity of one class of the two Ca++-binding sites on troponin, so that the thin filament is "turned on" for contraction at lower Ca++ levels. Tension data from skinned fibers substantially supports this hypothesis. A stability constant for CaEGTA of 2.62 x 1010 M–1 was determined, with the help of F. N. Briggs, in solutions similar to those used for skinned fibers and was the same for 100 and 300 mM KCl.
An intelligent structural damage detection approach based on self-powered wireless sensor data

Abstract This study presents the results of an ongoing research project conducted by the U.S. Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) on developing an intelligent approach for structural damage detection. The proposed approach is established upon the simulation of the compressed data stored in memory chips of a newly developed self-powered wireless sensor. An innovative data interpretation system integrating finite element method (FEM) and probabilistic neural network (PNN) based on Bayesian decision theory is developed for damage detection. Several features extracted from the cumulative limited static strain data are used as damage indicator variables. Another contribution of this paper is to define indicator variables that simultaneously take into account the effect of array of sensors. The performance of the proposed approach is first evaluated for the case of a simply supported beam under three-point bending. Then, the efficiency of the method is tested for the complicated case of a bridge gusset plate. The beam and gusset plate structures are analyzed as 3D FE models. The static strain data from the FE simulations for different damage scenarios is used to calibrate the sensor-specific data interpretation algorithm. The viability and repeatability of the method is demonstrated by conducting a number of simulations. Furthermore, a general scheme is presented for finding the optimal number of data acquisition points (sensors) on the structure and the associated optimal locations. An uncertainty analysis is performed through the contamination of the damage indicator features with different Gaussian noise levels.
Operational Schedule Flexibility and Infrastructure Investment: Capacity Trade-Off on Single-Track Railways:

To minimize costs, railways carefully match route infrastructure investment to projected traffic levels. Under structured operations according to a rigid timetable, the optimal amount of infrastructure for a given traffic volume can be determined with various models. However, North American railways use flexible operations for which planned train departure times can vary. Schedule flexibility increases the number of possible meet locations on a single track, which can lead to a combination of increased delays and infrastructure investment. When industry practitioners plan rail line capacity for flexible operations, they rarely optimize schedule flexibility and infrastructure investment simultaneously for a given level of service. To increase knowledge of the relationship between these factors, the research reported in this paper simulated operations on two representative single-track routes with rail traffic controller software. A baseline minimum-delay schedule was developed for each route under an initi...
Changing direction in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction care: where do we go from here?

It is now widely accepted that for patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is the preferred reperfusion strategy if it can be delivered in a timely fashion. Based on robust evidence documenting a relationship between time-to-
Control of a Train of Distillation Columns for the Separation of Natural Gas Liquid

The recovery of valuable heavier hydrocarbons from natural gas is accomplished in a series of five distillation columns. The first and second columns are cryogenic high-pressure columns in which the methane and ethane are sequentially taken overhead. The third column produces a propane distillate product. The fourth column removes isobutane and normal butane overhead for separation in the fifth column. The bottoms product from the fourth column is a mixture of hydrocarbons that are heavier than the C4 components.This paper studies the dynamic control of this train of distillation columns. Effective control structures are developed and tested on all columns using conventional PI controllers. The product–quality loops in three of the columns use tray temperature control, but the first and last columns require composition controllers to effectively handle disturbances in feed composition. The difficult separation in the large, high reflux ratio de-isobutanizer is well-controlled by an unusual control structu...
DRUG EFFECTS ON EPINEPRINE RELEASE FROM RAT ADRENAL MEDULLA HOMOGENATES AND GRANULE PREPARATIONS.

Summary1. Adrenal homogenates and fractionated medullary granule suspensions from rats were incubated in various media at several temperatures with and without addition of various concentrations of drugs, after which adrenaline concentration was measured in the centrifuged particulates and the supernatant. 2. Both homogenates and granule suspensions showed minimal spontaneous release of adrenaline at O°C, markedly increased with temperature. All drug incubations were carried out routinely at O°C. In many instances determinations were repeated at increased temperature and drug concentration under experimental conditions which approximated those of other investigators who studied the release of catecholamines from the chromaffin granules of other species. 3. Thirteen of the 35 drugs examined modified the release of adrenaline from the rat chromaffin granules. a) Ten of these were previously reported to increase the release in vitro in other species. They were chlorpromazine, compazine, CH3-promazine, chlorp...
Discussion on the Cultivation of Harmony in Teaching Chinese as a Foreign Language

Teaching Chinese as a foreign language is one of the important tasks of transmitting Chinese culture.China is currently promoting its harmonious community as well as a harmonious world.Under such circumstances,teaching Chinese as foreign language is responsible for promoting "harmony," and by using harmonious cultivation as an important means to change and improve the "cacophony" in teaching Chinese as foreign language.Through the discovery and application of "harmony",the misunderstanding of treating teaching Chinese language as a tool will be changed efficiently;by using "harmony" to enrich cultural spirit,to enlighten student's spiritual development and free sense;to enhance the centripetal force of the Chinese language.
Determinants of environmental attitudes: A five-country comparison

This study explores in detail the determinants ofpro-environmental attitudes in a cross-national context, using micro-level data from the International Social Survey Programme (ISSP) 1993, Environm...
Coverage of CS1 programming concepts in C++ and Java textbooks

In this research study, we performed a content analysis of programming concepts in C++ and Java textbooks. Our goal was to determine which language has better textbook support for teaching a CS1 programming course to Computer Science majors. We counted how often our list of concept words appeared in samples of C++ and Java books. Our summarized results lead to several conclusions that relate to the choice of a programming language for a CS1 course.
Tangible geospatial modeling for collaborative solutions to invasive species management

Managing landscape-scale environmental problems, such as biological invasions, can be facilitated by integrating realistic geospatial models with user-friendly interfaces that stakeholders can use to make critical management decisions. However, gaps between scientific theory and application have typically limited opportunities for model-based knowledge to reach the stakeholders responsible for problem-solving. To address this challenge, we introduce Tangible Landscape, an open-source participatory modeling tool providing an interactive, shared arena for consensus-building and development of collaborative solutions for landscape-scale problems. Using Tangible Landscape, stakeholders gather around a geographically realistic 3D visualization and explore management scenarios with instant feedback; users direct model simulations with intuitive tangible gestures and compare alternative strategies with an output dashboard. We applied Tangible Landscape to the complex problem of managing the emerging infectious disease, sudden oak death, in California and explored its potential to generate co-learning and collaborative management strategies among actors representing stakeholders with competing management aims. Participatory modeling frameworks are needed to bridge research and management.With Tangible Landscape, users guided complex models using tangible gestures.Near real-time 3D visualizations and feedbacks supported collective decision making.Informed individuals engaged in trade-offs that facilitated solution building.
Patient-reported distress and survival among patients receiving definitive radiation therapy

Abstract Objective Patient-reported distress (PRD) has not been well assessed in association with survival after radiation therapy (RT). The aims of this study were to evaluate the association between PRD level and survival after definitive RT and to identify the main causes of distress in definitive RT patients. Methods and materials A total of 678 consecutive patients receiving definitive RT at our institution from April 2012 through May 2015 were included. All patients answered a PRD questionnaire that contained 30 items related to possible causes of distress, which could be rated from 1 (no distress) to 5 (high distress). Additionally, patients were asked to rate their overall distress level from 0 (no distress) to 10 (extreme distress). This overall distress level was our primary patient-reported distress measure and was examined as a continuous variable and as a categorical variable with 3 PRD levels (low, 0-3 [n = 295]; moderate, 4-6 [n = 222]; and high, 7-10 [n = 161]). Results As a continuous variable in multivariable Cox regression analysis, a higher overall PRD level was associated with poorer survival after RT (hazard ratio [HR], 1.39; P = .004). As a categorical variable, compared with patients with low distress, survival was poorer for patients with moderate distress (HR, 1.62; P = .038) or high distress (HR, 1.49; P = .12), but the latter difference was not significant. When the moderate and high distress levels were combined, survival was significantly poorer compared with the low distress level (HR, 1.57; P = .034). The top 5 specific causes of distress that patients mentioned were “How I feel during treatment,” “Fatigue,” “Out-of-pocket medical costs,” “Pain that affects my daily functioning,” and “Sleep difficulties.” Conclusions PRD before or during RT is a prognostic factor associated with decreased survival. Distress screening guidelines and interventions should be implemented for patients receiving definitive RT.
Comparable efficacy of behavioral and pharmacological treatments among African American and White cocaine users

Multiple randomized clinical trials (RCTs) have evaluated a range of treatments for cocaine dependence, but few of these have focused specifically on the racial diversity observed among cocaine-dependent patients. The present analyses evaluated racial variation in cocaine use and addiction-related psychosocial outcomes at baseline and follow-up among 388 African American and White adults participating in 1 of 5 RCTs evaluating a range of pharmacological and behavioral treatments for cocaine use disorders. General linear modeling (GLM) indicated significant racial variation in cocaine and psychosocial indicators at baseline. At baseline, there were significant racial differences in the number of days paid for work in the 30 days prior to the study, age, days of cocaine use in the past month, age of first cocaine use, psychosocial problems (i.e., employment, cocaine, legal, and family), public assistance status, and prevalence of lifetime anxiety disorders. There were no significant main or interaction effects of race and study on treatment outcomes at posttreatment. These findings suggest that despite significant racial differences at baseline, the pharmacological and behavioral treatments resulted in fairly comparable outcomes across racial groups in these 5 RCTs.
Exploring School Counselors’ Motivations to Work with LGBTQQI Students in Schools: A Q Methodology Study:

This study surveyed a national sample of school counselors who were members of ASCA to understand what motivated their work, or not, with lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, questioning, an...
Water-Based Finishes in Response to Environmental Constraints

This chapter is concerned with the application of water-soluble polymers in the coating of appliances in response to environmental constraints. Coatings requirements for appliances range from the severe environments of the washer and diswasher to less severe conditions of the dryer and the refrigerator. As a result, the coating industry has developed finishes like the epoxies for primers and the thermosetting acrylics for topcoats (1). These coatings have proved their value in the appliance industry in providing durability, color stability, corrosion and detergent resistance as well as long-term decorative effects.
Histiocytic Lymphadenitis Associated with a Large Joint Prosthesis

Distinctive microscopic findings in enlarged axillary lymph nodes removed during modified radical mastectomy in a 76-year-old woman with a previous ipsilateral total shoulder joint replacement are described. The sinuses of the lymph nodes were distended by numerous large macrophages that had abundant granular eosinophilic cytoplasm. Periodic acid-Schiff staining was positive, and polarization microscopy revealed birefringent particles of polyethylene. These findings were diagnostic of the reactive lymphadenopathy that is seen uncommonly in lymph nodes draining large joint prostheses.
Les grandes industries mondiales de la bande dessinée

Les trois plus grandes industries de bandes dessinees sont presentees pour brosser un portrait de la production. Le Japon est reellement une terre ou les mangas regnent. Ces bandes dessinees japonaises comptent pour 40 % des ventes de livres et de magazines. L’Europe francophone, quant a elle, dispose d’une industrie des phylacteres bien installee et jouit meme d’une croissance qui fait l’envie des autres secteurs de l’edition. Les Etats-Unis ont su diversifier leur production en se distancant du cliche des comic books a super heros pour aller vers une production variee. L’auteur de cet article travaille a l’elaboration d’un essai beaucoup plus etoffe, traitant des bandes dessinees en bibliotheques. Par ailleurs, ce travail est dedie a la memoire d’Albert Tabah, une inspiration pour les chercheurs explorant des sujets relativement marginaux.
Meat Products and By-Products

Because there are so many kinds of meat and so many ways to prepare it, we can have just as much variety as we want.
The Inevitable Math behind Entitlement Reform.

The Inevitable Math behind Entitlement Reform At some point, Americans will probably be unwilling to pay higher taxes or increase borrowing to fund public health care programs. But policymakers sho...
A Thesaurus-Guided Method for Smart Manufacturing Diagnostics

The unstructured historical data available in the databases of Computerized Maintenance Management Systems represents a wealth of diagnostic knowledge. In this paper, a methodology for converting the maintenance log data into formal knowledge graphs is presented. The methodology uses text analytics techniques, in combination with human-assisted thesaurus development methods, for generating a formal thesaurus, or knowledge graph, that encodes the semantic relationships between multiple maintenance entities. The knowledge graph proposed in this work uses Simple Knowledge Organization System (SKOS) standard. A java-based tool is developed that uses the generated knowledge graph as the input and conducts light-weight reasoning to support smart maintenance diagnosis.
Análisis de textos argumentativos elaborados por estudiantes chilenos de pedagogía

En el marco del discurso academico, esta investigacion contribuye al estudio de la argumentacion como un genero discursivo y una modalidad de pensamiento de extendido uso en las practicas discursivas de estudiantes de educacion superior. El objetivo del estudio es analizar las dimensiones pragmatico-dialogicas y discursivo–textuales de escritos argumentativos producidos por estudiantes chilenos de primer ano de Pedagogia. Se reviso la coherencia global a partir de la relacion entre tesis y argumentos propuestos, y el uso de conectores prototipicos de esta modalidad discursiva. El corpus, compuesto por 217 textos de alumnos de primer ano academico, se analizo cuantitativamente utilizando el software libre Antconc para la determinacion de frecuencias de empleo de rasgos prototipicos. Posteriormente se analizo una seleccion aleatoria del corpus desde su valoracion discursiva y pragmatica de uso. Los resultados describen las opciones textuales, la estructura, tipos de argumentos y la pertinencia pragmatica de los textos, dando cuenta de las practicas anomalas mas extendidas, manifestacion de falencias en la escritura con fines argumentativos. Se considera que una aproximacion desde la argumentacion a los discursos academicos escritos por futuros educadores permite aportar de manera sistematica y transversal a su formacion, que no solo es relevante para mejorar la calidad de sus comunicaciones escritas, sino que es valiosa en tanto colabora con el desarrollo de habilidades de pensamiento critico, consideradas centrales para el aprendizaje de las disciplinas cientificas (ARCHILA, 2012) y el ejercicio docente (DOMINGO; GOMEZ, 2014).
A Cyanobacterial Artificial Leaf for Simultaneous Carbon Dioxide Reduction and Bioelectricity Generation

We created a microfluidic cyanobacterial artificial leaf that significantly reduces the amount of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) in the atmosphere while converting light to electrochemical energy. 3D printed cyanobacteria, Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, on pre-defined microfluidic reservoirs capture solar energy to convert CO 2 and water into O 2 and carbohydrates, which they subsequently use for their respiratory reaction, re-producing water and only about half that CO 2 . Simultaneously, the bacterial cells placed on an electrode in the microfluidic leaf produce bioelectricity from bacterial photosynthetic and respiratory activities over day-night cycles, offering a clean and renewable power source with self-sustaining potential. The proposed biological concept will provide a more innovative, more self-sustaining and scalable, cleaner, and extremely cheaper solution for both critical issues, the global warming and energy crisis.
Analyzing Required Time of Arrival Performance to Low Altitude Meter Fixes

The application of Required Time of Arrival (RTA) control has been a feature in a number of commercial flight management systems (FMSs) since the mid-1980s. RTA operations have become an increasingly important part of the 4-Dimensional Trajectory-Based Operations (4D-TBO) concept. Functionally it can reduce both pilot and air traffic controller workload, increase adherence of aircraft to meet assigned schedules and lead a chain of aircraft such as in Flight Interval Management operations to help a series of aircraft meet their assigned schedule and spacing goals. An outstanding question addressed in this work is what is the expected performance of aircraft conducting RTAs as a function of the crossing altitude of the assigned control point (meter fix), as well as the accuracy and extent of the wind information supplied to the automation and the characteristics of the approach procedure. In this study, 101 actual flights were replicated each across 16 different test conditions within a sophisticated simulation infrastructure which allowed these elements to be varied in order to analyze their impact on RTA performance for a simulated B757-200 aircraft and Flight Management System. It was found that the greatest factor on RTA performance is RTA fix crossing altitude. Greater than 95% of flights had RTA errors of less than ±10 seconds when meter fix crossing altitudes were between 7,000 and 35,000 feet Above Ground Level (AGL) and flying approach procedures with speed constraints regardless of the wind forecast error. That value increased to 100% for flights that had their speed constraints removed from their routes. For flights with meter fix crossing altitudes occurring between 3,000 and 7,000 feet AGL, 76% to 85% crossed with less than ±10 second RTA error depending on the descent forecast used and the presence or absence of speed constraints. It was also found that larger forecast errors increase the probability of larger RTA errors.
The 2016 presidential election and periviable births among Latina women.

Abstract Objective Research suggests that sociopolitical stressors connected with the 2016 presidential election were associated with increases in preterm birth among Latina women. This study determined whether periviable births ( Methods We assigned singleton live births among Latina and non-Latina white women in the US to 96 monthly conception cohorts conceived from January 2009 through December 2016. We constructed risk ratios by dividing the rate of periviable birth among Latina women by the rate among non-Latina white women. We used time-series methods to determine if the risk ratio of periviable births in cohorts conceived by Latina women and exposed to the election of 2016 exceeded those expected from autocorrelation and calendar effects. Results We found an outlying sequence of risk ratios among Latina women starting with the cohort conceived in April and ending with that conceived in November 2016. Increases in the ratios ranged from 0.07 above an expected of 1.61 for the cohort conceived in June, to 0.39 above an expected of 1.27 for the cohort conceived in April. Conclusion We find that pregnancies in gestation at the time of the 2016 election among Latina women yielded more than expected periviable births. These findings support the argument that the prospect of anti-immigrant policies promised by the Trump campaign sufficiently stressed Latina women to affect the timing of birth.
On the Rigorous Derivation of the 3D Cubic Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation with a Quadratic Trap

We consider the dynamics of the three-dimensional N-body Schrodinger equation in the presence of a quadratic trap. We assume the pair interaction potential is N3β-1V(Nβx). We justify the mean-field approximation and offer a rigorous derivation of the three-dimensional cubic nonlinear Schrodinger equation (NLS) with a quadratic trap. We establish the space-time bound conjectured by Klainerman and Machedon (Commun Math Phys 279:169–185, 2008) for \({\beta \in (0, 2/7]}\) by adapting and simplifying an argument in Chen and Pavlovic (Annales Henri Poincare, 2013) which solves the problem for \({\beta \in (0, 1/4)}\) in the absence of a trap.
Social Exclusion and Well-Being

One of the most interesting ideas in social science is the notion that individuals are motivated by concerns about their relative position. We investigate whether individuals feel worse off when they are socially excluded and also if there are greater degrees of social exclusions among their neighbors. To answer these questions, we use nationally representative household survey data from six transition countries, Kazakhstan, Macedonia, Moldova, Serbia, Tajikistan and Ukraine. First, we revisit the previous findings of the negative (in some cases, positive) effect of the reference group income (or earnings) on self-reported well-being (SWB) of individuals. We find that, controlling for an individual's own consumption, higher consumption of reference groups are associated with lower levels of SWB in the pooled sample of individuals from six countries. When the results are estimated by countries, reference group consumption has no effect on SWB in Kazakhstan, Macedonia, Moldova and Serbia while it has negative effect in Tajikistan (consistent with relative income hypothesis) and positive effect in Ukraine (consistent with Hirschman's tunnel effect). However, these results are not consistent across alternative conceptualization of appropriate reference groups, with the exception of Tajikistan, which appears to be driving the aggregate results. Second, we find that socially excluded households have lower levels of SWB while controlling for own consumption and consumption of reference group, a finding consistent across alternative conceptualization of the reference groups. Finally, we investigate whether individuals feel worse off when there are greater degrees of social exclusions in their reference groups ("social solidarity effect"). We find a strong evidence for our conjecture.
The Market for Gold: Spdr Gold Shares and Beyond

This case is used in Darden's second-year elective, Financial Institutions and Capital Markets, and would work well in courses covering exchange-traded commodities funds. A teaching note for this case is pending publication. At the end of May 2012, Aram Shishmanian, CEO of the World Gold Council (WGC) was considering alternatives to promote gold as an investment asset. The WGC was the sponsor for SPDR Gold Shares, which was launched in 2004 and had become the most successful commodity-based exchange-traded fund, reaching a market value of around $64 billion. This had exceeded expectations, but allocations to gold remained small among U.S. long-term institutional investors. There would also an expected shift of wealth to countries such as China and India in the coming decade. Shishmanian was considering which gold investment vehicles would be best for the WGC to promote in the United States and other markets going forward. Excerpt UVA-F-1685 Rev. Jul. 19, 2013 THE MARKET FOR GOLD: SPDR GOLD SHARES AND BEYOND Sitting in his London office on May 31, 2012, Aram Shishmanian, CEO of the World Gold Council (WGC), was preparing for the upcoming June board meeting in Toronto, Canada. The WGC was the market development organization for the gold industry, and the council's mission was to stimulate and sustain demand for gold. The board members—chairmen and CEOs of leading gold mining companies—were flying in from Australia, Peru, South Africa, the United Kingdom, and the United States to attend the meeting at which Shishmanian and his team were to present the results of a strategic review of the activity of the council and share their recommendations for the coming three to six years. The WGC's biggest initiative to date, the first-ever physically backed gold exchange-traded fund (ETF) listed on the NYSE, the SPDR Gold Shares (GLD), which launched in 2004, was reaching a market value of around $ 64 billion. This went well beyond expectations, but allocations to gold remained small among long-term institutional investors. At the upcoming board meeting, what should Shishmanian propose that the WGC do next to stimulate gold demand among investors? What investment vehicles could the WGC help develop in the United States and beyond? The spectacular growth of GLD holdings had attracted attention, but many front-page news articles on gold these days were focused on gold prices. Gold's long-standing role as a safe-haven asset had been brought back into the spotlight with the European sovereign debt crisis and the expansionary U.S. monetary policy following the 2008 financial crisis. Gold prices reached a peak of more than $ 1,900 per ounce in August 2011, before dropping slightly (Figure 1). Some analysts were questioning whether gold was “losing its luster as the currency of last resort,” yet a recent Goldman Sachs report argued for a positive outlook for gold. Figure 1. Gold spot prices, January 1979–May 2012 (U.S. dollars/troy ounce London PM Fix). . . .
L. Ray Patterson: Editor’s Note to A Unified Theory of Copyright

This editor’s note provides the backstory of the publication of A Unified Theory of Copyright by L. Ray Patterson, a late, beloved leader of the academic copyright community in the United States (with Judge Stanley F. Birch of the United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit), in 2009, six years after Professor Patterson’s death. (The book itself is the subject of a separate SSRN entry.) Patterson had worked on the book extensively prior to his last years, and had discussed it frequently with the author of this abstract (his co-author on two articles), in his last years. Nonetheless, the work was never finished until the present author received permission from Professor Patterson’s beloved wife, Laura Davis Patterson, and Judge Birch, to make it so. The present author notes that, as editor of A Unified Theory of Copyright, he has taken “certainly no more, and I hope less, liberty than he and [Professor Patterson] agreed upon for our prior collaborations.”
Osteofibrous dysplasia and adamantinoma: A summary of diagnostic challenges and surgical techniques

Abstract Osteofibrous dysplasia is an indolent benign fibro-osseous tumor, while adamantinoma is a locally aggressive biphasic malignancy with epithelial and fibro-osseous components. Predominantly arising in the tibial diaphysis of children and young adults, both tumors are resistant to chemotherapy and radiation. Wide surgical resection is regarded as the mainstay of therapy for adamantinoma, and limb-salvage reconstructive procedures can achieve good functional outcomes, albeit with non-negligible rates of complications. This review discusses emerging advances in the pathogenesis, histogenesis, and diagnosis of these entities and presents advantages and limitations of the most common surgical techniques used for their management.
Œdème aigu pulmonaire unilatéral droit et processus ischémique myocardique: À propos d’un cas

Resume L’œdeme pulmonaire aigu (OAP) unilateral est une entite radioclinique rare. Il est secondaire a de multiples pathologies specifiques et rares. L’insuffisance mitrale ischemique fonctionnelle (IMIF) secondaire a une necrose myocardique est l’une des etiologies rares impliquee dans sa genese. Il s’agit d’un patient âge de 94 ans, aux antecedents d’infarctus de myocarde, qui a presente un tableau d’OAP unilateral secondaire a une insuffisance mitrale fonctionnelle compliquant une necrose myocardique. Le diagnostic reposait essentiellement, en plus de la presentation clinique et radiologique unilaterale, sur le trace electrocardiographique ainsi que les mouvements enzymatiques cardiaques et l’echographie cardiaque transthoracique, couplee au doppler tissulaire apres avoir elimine de nombreux diagnostics differentiels. L’OAP unilateral par insuffisance mitrale fonctionnelle pose souvent des problemes diagnostiques et de prise en charge initiale pour le clinicien. Les etiologies de l’œdeme pulmonaire aigu unilateral sont multiples, a savoir les etiologies mecaniques (a vacuo), lesionnelles, vasculaires, les obstructions bronchiques ainsi que des causes iatrogenes dont certaines transplantations pulmonaires. Le traitement fait appel principalement, comme tout OAP, aux diuretiques avec une oxygenation a fort debit associe a une anticoagulation efficace habituellement associee a un antiagregant plaquettaire et parfois a des vasodilatateurs et des betabloquants. Le traitement chirurgical par plastie ou remplacement valvulaire semble etre le plus efficace pour prevenir les recidives.
Chance, Choice, and Cichlids

The Cichlidae, one of the most diverse families of vertebrates, is the subject of the volume entitled “The Behavior, Ecology and Evolution of Cichlid Fishes” which we introduce here. Cichlids are major members of their communities. They are socioeconomically important in fisheries, aquaculture, and the ornamental trade. The immense number of cichlid diverse forms challenge researchers to integrate new tools to delineate species, construct phylogenies, and determine species diversity; and their detailed study has significantly contributed to evolution models. Cichlid researchers have a strong tradition of taking a comparative approach. This book reflects that tradition with 20 reviews written by internationally recognized experts providing an integrative sub-disciplinary perspective, often including molecular studies. This volume is broad in scope, beginning with a review of the history of cichlid studies over two centuries. Next, four reviews examine cichlid diversification at different scales in African and Neotropical lakes and rivers; followed by four on conservation and management including species delimitation tools. The midsection, covering cichlid behavioral adaptations and their underlying mechanisms and effects, concerns the senses, parental care, sociality, and neurobiology. The last part of the book includes reviews on cichlid ecology, plasticity and evo-devo and closes with an examination of cichlids as models for biomedicine.
Smart campus teaching system based on ZigBee wireless sensor network

Abstract In order to build a smart campus teaching system with good teaching efficiency, this paper improves the traditional ZigBee algorithm and builds a smart campus teaching system based on ZigBee wireless sensors. Moreover, this paper improves the estimation algorithm of students' specific location and direction on campus, and analyzes the network structure of the smart teaching system based on the actual needs of smart teaching, and builds a three-tier teaching structure system. In addition, on the basis of demand analysis, this paper sets the system function modules, analyzes the data processing effect of the network nodes of this smart campus through experimental research, and evaluates the system teaching effect. Finally, this paper uses simulation technology to analyze 100 sets of data to evaluate the data processing effect of ZigBee network. Through the experimental research results, we can see that the smart campus teaching system constructed in this paper has good results.
Mechanisms of Anaerobic Soil Disinfestation: Volatile Fatty Acids Reduce Viability of Athelia (Sclerotium) rolfsii Sclerotia in Acidic Soil Conditions and Have Limited Effects on Endemic Trichoderma spp.

Volatile fatty acids (VFAs), such as acetic and n-butyric acid, released during anaerobic decomposition of organic soil amendments during anaerobic soil disinfestation (ASD) likely play a role in soilborne plant pathogen inoculum suppression. However, research is limited on the direct effects of soil VFA exposure on fungal plant pathogen inoculum, effects on pathogen antagonists such as Trichoderma spp., and the role of soil microbial VFA metabolism on reducing exposure effects. To address these limitations, a series of studies evaluated the effects of VFA (acetic or n-butyric acid), VFA concentration (4, 8, or 16 mmol/kg soil), soil sterilization by autoclaving, and soil amendment on the viability of Athelia rolfsii (Sclerotium rolfsii) sclerotia post VFA exposure, and soil populations of Trichoderma spp. HCl and water-only controls were included. After 4-days exposure in an acidic, anaerobic environment, sclerotial viability and colonization by culturable fungi or bacteria were assessed with standard procedures. Greenhouse experiments were similarly conducted to evaluate endemic soil populations of Trichoderma spp. following soil exposure to VFAs and Trichoderma spp. populations assessed with standard soil dilution plating onto semi-selective medium. Sclerotial germination was generally reduced by soil exposure to acetic (35.1% germination) or n-butyric (22.9% germination) acids compared to water (74.3% germination) and HCl (62.7% germination). Germination was reduced as VFA concentration increased from 4 to 8 and 16 mmol/kg (39.5%, 29.1% and 16.9%, respectively). In amended soils, there was no difference in sclerotial germination compared to non-amended soils, but in the greenhouse experiment there was a Trichoderma spp. population increase of over 300% in amended soil [3.4 × 106 colony forming units (CFU)/g soil] compared to the non-amended soil (9.6 × 105 CFU/g soil). Soil autoclaving had no effect on sclerotial germination at low VFA concentrations, but sclerotial germination was reduced at higher VFA concentrations compared to non-autoclaved soil. Our results suggest that VFAs contribute to sclerotial mortality in strongly acidic soil environments, and is influenced by VFA components and environment. Antifungal activity is less for acetic acid than for n-butyric, and less in non-sterile soil environments typical of field conditions than in sterile laboratory conditions.
Molecular dynamics investigation of radiation-induced activation of NF-κB by selective nitration of Tyr181 IκBα

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 47, 2006 4420 NF-κB is an important transcription factor of cytoprotective signal transduction pathways activated by cellular stress. It was recently shown that clinically relevant doses of ionizing radiation (IR) stimulate NF-κB activity by nitration of Tyr181 of Iκ-Bα and leading to dissociation of NF-κB/Iκ-Bα complex (submitted). We performed femto-second (10–12 s) scale molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to test if Tyr181 nitration is alone sufficient to activate NF-κB. Crystallographic studies show that fingers 3/4, 4/5, and 5/6 of Iκ-Bα contact the p50 subunit of NF-κB. Tyr181 and Asn182 extend from finger 3/4 in multiple contacts with side chains arising from multiple strands of p50. Tyr181 forms hydrogen bonds with p50 Lys252 and Arg258, π-stacks with Tyr351 and makes multiple van der Waals (vdW) contacts with Ala261, Pro327, and Leu349 of p50. Our experimental results with site-directed mutagenesis confirm the importance of this residue in stabilizing the NF-κB/Iκ-Bα complex. We performed quantum mechanical simulations using HF 6–31G basis set to determine physical parameters for nitrated Tyr and validated the calculated parameters by NMR, UV/Vis, and infrared spectroscopies. MD simulations of fully hydrated NF-κB/Iκ-Bα complex over 10 ns time scale were carried out demonstrating that IR-induced Tyr181 nitration leads to dissociation of NF-κB/Iκ-Bα complex and therefore activation of NF-κB. Nitro-Tyr181 disrupts local vdW and H-bonding interactions early (within 500 ps) that translate into backbone displacements after 2 ns. NO2 group of Tyr181 of Iκ-Bα forces Tyr351 of p50 to shift laterally exposing Tyr351 to the solvent, further disrupting the interaction surface between p50 and Iκ-Bα which normally contributes most to the complex stability. Iκ-Bα then shears off the p50 subunit and consequently off p65 as the number of stabilizing interactions decreases with increasing exposure to solvent. The dramatic displacement of N-terminal region of p50 due to interaction of nitro-Tyr181 and Tyr351 appears to be the initiating event in IR-induced activation of NF-κB. These simulations provide a mechanistic view of how an IR-induced oxidative stress activates NF-κB signaling.
A Bit of History in the Library Attic: Challenges of Ephemera Research

Abstract This paper discusses what ephemera is-an item usually printed on a single sheet of paper, possibly on one side, sometimes on both, so that it may be folded several times to appear like a booklet-and within this context the significance of library-generated ephemera, librarians, is considered. The usefulness of ephemera is limited, since it was created to serve a certain purpose, and to be discarded afterwards. It is obvious that the library and archives community have begun to become aware of the research relevance of ephemera. It is nevertheless an extremely laborious endeavor to collect, preserve, and organize an ephemera collection in order to make it available to researchers. The information carried by the ephemeral items can add significantly to the data the historian draws from other sources. Ephemeral material has intrinsic and evidential value, but not enough to enable the researcher to reconstruct completely a slice of institutional history. The historian needs to consider a variety of o...