cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Colorado alphaherpesvirus latency symposium

The inaugural symposium of the Colorado Alphaherpesvirus Latency Society (CALS) convened May 11-13, 2011 at the Christiania Lodge in Vail Colorado. Human alphaherpesviruses include herpes simplex virus (HSV) types 1 and 2 and varicella zoster virus (VZV) and are characterized by their ability to establish latency in cranial nerve ganglia (HSV-1 and VZV), dorsal root ganglia (VZV), sacral ganglia (VZVand HSV-2) and autonomic ganglia (VZV). Along with these neurotropic human pathogens, alphaherpesviruses are significant pathogens of nonhuman primates (simian varicella virus) and domestic animals (bovine herpesvirus and Marek’s disease virus). The CALS mission is to convene researchers active in alphaherpesvirus latency to discuss current advances in a relaxed venue. The mission was a success on both fronts: 47 senior researchers traveled over 79,000 miles to discuss their ongoing work concerning all facets of alphaherpesvirus latency in a quiet town in the heart of Colorado’s Rocky Mountains. The CALS symposium was the first meeting specifically dedicated to understanding alphaherpesvirus latency. The participants (Fig. 1) account for more than 2600 PubMed cited publications in the field. The success of this first symposium promises that futures meetings will be of the same high caliber. A brief summary of each presentation follows.
City Centre Revitalization in Portugal: A Study of Lisbon and Porto

City centres throughout Europe are being subjected to major revitalization operations. This revitalization includes, among other aspects, housing improvements, retail modernizations, infill and brownfield redevelopment, public space improvements, streetscaping and pedestrianization schemes. In Portugal, the two largest cities have experienced some attempts at revitalization in the last 15 years, which have included mainly urban design strategies of main streets and squares. The purpose of this paper is not only to present an up-to-date discussion of the recent city centre revitalization interventions in both cities, but also primarily to give a southern European contribution to ongoing debates about urban design interventions in urban revitalization schemes. The argument of the paper is that these revitalizations were partial physical face-lifts that overlooked the social and economic aspects of the revitalization. This paper calls for a more integrated approach between the revitalization of public and pr...
The Solubility of Whole Milk Powder as Affected by Protein Stabilizers and by Emulsifiers

The addition of salts for protein stabilization has been practiced extensively by the evaporated milk industry for about 25 yr. The work of Sommer and Binney (10) and Sommer and Hart (11) contributed a great deal toward solving the problem of heat stabilization of the proteins in evaporated milk. The use of sodium citrate in small amounts also has been suggested by Wilster et al. (12) as a means of improving the solubility of milk powder. Josephson and Reeves (6) employed a mineral-ion-exchange treatment of milk to obtain the desired salt balance. A portion of the Ca was replaced with Na by means of a synthetic resin column to produce a heat stable evaporated milk. Controlled pancreatic digestion in milk was introduced by Anderson (1) as a means of preventing oxidized flavor in market milk. Since the pancreatic enzymes break down the protein, it seemed desirable to study their effect on whole milk powder as a combination antioxidant and protein stabilizer. The use of emulsifiers in dairy products has been limited mainly to the ice cream industry as whipping aids. However, other food industries have made extensive use of these agents. In this study, emulsifiers of different hydrophiliclyophilic balance were used with the idea of reducing the surface tension between the milk powder and the water for improved reconstitution. Also, information as to their effect, if any, on keeping quality of the milk powder was desired.
Questioning ubiquitous computing

Ubiquitous Computing represents the most explicit attempt yet to move computing technology beyond the confines of tool usage towards a pervasive penetration of everyday bye. We outline a critical analysis of this technology based on a close examination of the proposals advancing it. After introducing a framework for understanding modern technology, we develop an interpretation of Ubiquitous Computing concentrating on its guiding principles, technological infrastructure, and scenarios. Next, we examine possible ways in which this technology could transform the human-world relationships that it would mediate. Finally, we analyze the particular kind of technical thinking underlying Ubiquitous Computing by focusing on the explicit and implicit assumptions and just$cations supporting the proposals. By means of this analysis, we arrive at a preliminary characterization of both the potential effects of Ubiquitous Computing on human-world relationships and the kind of technical thinking from which it originates.
Wiener's conjecture about transformation groups helps predict which fuzzy techniques work better

Often application success only comes when we select specific fuzzy techniques (t-norm, membership function, etc.) - and in different applications, different techniques are the best. How to find the best technique? Exhaustive search of all techniques is not an option: there are too many of them. We need to come up with a narrow class of promising techniques, so that trying them all is realistic. In this paper, we show that such a narrowing can be obtained from transformation groups techniques motivated by N. Wiener's conjecture - which was, in its turn, motivated by observations about human vision.
Dopamine, Parkinson's disease, and volition

Disruptions in dopamine transmission within the basal ganglia (BG) produce deficits in voluntary actions, that is, in the interface between cortically-generated goal representation and BG-mediated response selection. Under conditions of dopamine loss in humans and other animals, responses are impaired when they require internal generation, but are relatively intact when elicited by external stimuli.
Harmonic Rejection Mixing Techniques Using Clock-Gating

In this paper, harmonic rejection (HR) mixing techniques to obtain a high level of HR are described. This is achieved by reducing the sensitivity to mismatches in devices operating at high frequencies. A design fabricated in a 110-nm CMOS process rejects up to the first 14 local oscillator (LO) harmonics and achieves third, fifth, and seventh HR ratios in excess of 52, 54, and 55 dB, respectively, without any calibration or trimming. This mixer also rejects flicker noise and has improved quadrature matching and IIP2 performance. By using a clock N times the desired LO frequency, this scheme rejects the (N-1)th LO harmonic only by an amount of 20log(N-1) dB. A new technique is presented that enables better HR for the (N-1)th harmonic while preserving the level of rejection for other harmonics. This mixer fabricated in a 55-nm standard CMOS process has a programmable number of 8, 10, 12, or 14 mixer phases and achieves an improvement of 29 dB for the (N-1)th harmonic while achieving 52 dB of rejection for the third harmonic. It also rejects flicker noise and has an IIP2 performance of 68 dBm.
Evidence that amplification of norepinephrine-induced LH release by morphine is indirectly due to suppression of tuberoinfundibular dopamine secretion

We previously observed that morphine markedly amplifies LH secretion following intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) norepinephrine (NE) infusions. Based on additional evidence, we hypothesized that perhaps these morphine effects were due to suppression of tuberoinfundibular dopamine (TIDA) secretion thus allowing NE to evoke a greater release of LHRH from axon terminals in the median eminence than would otherwise occur. In the present studies, we examined whether apomorphine (a DA receptor agonist) would suppress and haloperidol (a DA receptor antagonist) would mimic these enhancing effects of morphine on NE-induced LH secretion. Estrogen-treated ovariectomized rats were used in these studies. NE, when infused i.c.v. (45 micrograms) evoked a modest increase in plasma LH (1.1 +/- 0.2 to 2.2 +/- 0.2 ng/ml) within 15 min. When morphine sulfate (10 mg/kg s.c.) was given 15 min prior to NE, LH peak values of 11 +/- 2 ng/ml were obtained by 60 min. Treatment of rats with apomorphine (1.5 mg/kg s.c.) at -15 min, morphine at 0 min and i.c.v. NE at 15 min resulted in a significant blunting of morphine's effect on NE-induced LH release. Moreover, in all morphine-treated rats, plasma prolactin (PRL) increased significantly within 10 min, peaked at 30 min and declined towards basal values by 90 min. Apomorphine completely blocked this morphine effect of PRL release. Haloperidol (HAL; 2.5 mg/kg s.c.) treatment had no effect on basal LH release but resulted in a significant increase in PRL which remained elevated up to 180 min.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Effects of Al/Si ordering on feldspar dissolution: Part II. The pH dependence of plagioclases' dissolution rates

Abstract The rate of mineral dissolution in an aquatic environment is sensitive to the pH of the contacting solution. The pH dependence of mineral dissolution rate has been interpreted by the Transition State Theory-Surface Complexation Model (TST-SCM) formalism in terms of pH-sensitive variability in surface chemistry. In this study, we provide an alternative interpretation for the experimentally observed nonlinear pH dependence of feldspar dissolution rates. The interpretation is based on a new formalism for feldspar dissolution which, while compatible with the TST-SCM formalism, incorporates the effects of both surface chemistry and bulk chemistry on feldspar dissolution into the quantification of dissolution rate. The pH dependence of dissolution rate varies from one feldspar specimen to another because different TOT linkages within one solid matrix can respond differently to the attack of proton. Our results suggest that the pH dependence of feldspar dissolution rate is not a constant in general, and could be affected by pH, substitutional Al/Si ordering, chemical composition of the specimen, and the relative rapidness of linkage hydrolysis according to different mechanisms. The rate law proposed in this study is able to capture the experimentally observed pH dependence of the dissolution rates of a series of plagioclases, including albite, andesine, labradorite, bytownite, and anorthite. The effectiveness of the newly proposed formalism for feldspar dissolution, hence, suggests that dissolution reactions of minerals are combinations of surface renewal and heterogeneous chemical reactions. The currently widely used TST-SCM-based rate laws can be further improved by taking into account the effects of bulk chemistry and surface renewal in the prediction of mineral dissolution rates. An improved formalism for mineral dissolution will be mineral-specific, and will reflect the effects of the temporal decay in the availability of reactive surface sites as well as the interconnectivities of atoms within the solid matrix of a mineral.
The self in conflict: The role of executive processes during truthful and deceptive responses about attitudes

This study sought to extend previous results regarding deceptions about specific memories by investigating the role of executive processes in deceptions about evaluative judgments. In addition, given that previous studies of deception have not included valence manipulations, we also wanted to determine whether the goodness/badness aspect of the items would affect the processes used during deception. Thus, we compared behavioral and event-related potential (ERP) activity while participants made truthful and directed lie (i.e., press opposite of the truth) responses about attitude items with which they either strongly agreed or disagreed. Consistent with previous results, deceptive responses required greater cognitive control as indicated by slower RTs, larger medial frontal negativities (MFN) and smaller late positive components than truthful responses. Furthermore, the magnitude of these deception-related effects was dependent on the valence that participants assigned to the items (i.e., agree/disagree). Directed lie responses about attitudes also resulted in greatly reduced pre-response positivities, an indication that participants strategically monitored their responses even in the absence of explicit task demands. Item valence also differentially affected the amplitude of three ERP components in a 650 ms pre-response interval, independently of whether truthful or deceptive responses were made. Analyses using dipole locations based on results from fMRI studies of evaluative judgments and deception indicated a high degree of overlap between the ERP and fMRI results and revealed the possible temporal characteristics of the hemodynamic activations.
Phosphono-lipid content of the oyster,Crassostrea virginica, in three physiological conditions

The distribution of lipid-bound phosphorus between the phosphodiester and phosphonate forms was determined for the oyster in three physiological conditions. The adductor muscle had the highest level of phosphonate phosphorus, 92 μg/g wet weight tissue, or 40.4% of all muscle phospholipids. The total phospholipid level (μg/g wet weight tissue) increased in all tissues of the oyster during starvation, as did the percentage of phosphonolipids in all tissues except the adductor muscle, in which it remained constant. These data suggest that during starvation the phosphonate bonds are conserved at the expense of phosphodiester bonds in oyster lipids.
A Review of Budesonide Inhalation Suspension in the Treatment of Pediatric Asthma

Asthma is recognized as an inflammatory disease, and inhaled corticosteroids are the mainstay of treatment in patients with persistent disease. Until recently, no inhaled corticosteroid was approved in the United States for children aged 4 years and younger, and no practical dosage form was available for infants and young children unable to use metered-dose inhalers effectively. Budesonide inhalation suspension (BIS) is a glucocorticoid with high topical and low systemic activity. In children aged 12 months-8 years, BIS improves asthma symptoms and lung function and decreases the need for breakthrough bronchodilators. Long-term follow-up studies in children concluded that BIS is well tolerated, with little or no effect on growth and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function. Thus it is a valuable therapeutic alternative to systemic corticosteroid therapy in infants and young children.
Application of a desk-top electronic digital computer to clinical biochemistry*

Summary A desk-top electronic digital computer has been successfully used in the daily operation of a clinical biochemistry laboratory for many calculations including serum protein electrophoresis, creatinine clearance and statistical calculations for quality control. After only 2 hours of instruction, the technologists have been able to write programs for most of the laboratory calculations. The use of this computer has almost eliminated arithmetic errors and has saved considerable operator time.
Model Order Reduction of Viscously Damped Vibration Systems Using Accelerated Iterative Dynamic Condensation

An accelerated iterative dynamic condensation method for the model order reduction of vibration systems with viscous damping is proposed. A group of governing equations for dynamic condensation matrix are derived from the eigenvalue equations defined in the state space. Two iterative schemes for solving these governing equations are provided. Based on different state space formulations, two more groups of governing equations are developed. A comparison of the present method with three iterative approaches proposed recently is provided. The present approach is implemented into two practical vibration systems, a tall building with one tuned mass damper and a floating raft isolation system. The results show that the proposed method has much higher accuracy than the other three approaches while the computational effort is almost the same.
Targeting CD8+ T-cell tolerance for cancer immunotherapy

In the final issue of Science in 2013, the American Association of Science recognized progress in the field of cancer immunotherapy as the ‘Breakthrough of the Year.’ The achievements were actually twofold, owing to the early success of genetically engineered chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) and to the mounting clinical triumphs achieved with checkpoint blockade antibodies. While fundamentally very different, the common thread of these independent strategies is the ability to prevent or overcome mechanisms of CD8+ T-cell tolerance for improved tumor immunity. Here we discuss how circumventing T-cell tolerance has provided experimental insights that have guided the field of clinical cancer immunotherapy to a place where real breakthroughs can finally be claimed.
A Repetition of the Michelson-Morley Experiment Using Kennedy's Refinement

The ether drift experiment as performed by Kennedy with a reduced optical system in helium has been repeated with the same apparatus somewhat modified and the same results obtained. The interferometer has been improved by resilvering the mirrors so that 1/1500 of a fringe shift could be detected by an observer with good eyes, and 1/500 by an observer with poorer eyes. Additional readings, which eliminate steady thermal shifts of the fringes, have been made and these show no ether drift to an accuracy of about one kilometer per second.
Lymphocytic Reaction to Colorectal Cancer Is Associated with Longer Survival, Independent of Lymph Node Count, Microsatellite Instability, and CpG Island Methylator Phenotype

Purpose: Host immune response to tumor may be an important prognostic factor for colon cancer patients. However, little is known on prognostic significance of histopathologic lymphoid reaction to tumor, independent of the number of lymph nodes examined and tumoral molecular alterations, including microsatellite instability (MSI) and the CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP), both of which are associated with lymphocytic reaction and clinical outcome. Experimental Design: Using 843 colorectal cancer patients in two independent prospective cohorts, we examined patient prognosis in relation to four components of lymphocytic reaction (i.e., Crohn9s-like reaction, peritumoral reaction, intratumoral periglandular reaction, and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes) and overall lymphocytic score (0-12). CIMP was determined using eight markers including CACNA1G, CDKN2A (p16), CRABP1, IGF2, MLH1, NEUROG1, RUNX3 , and SOCS1 . Cox proportional hazard models computed hazard ratio for mortality, adjusted for covariates including tumor stage, body mass index, lymph node count, KRAS, BRAF , p53, cyclooxygenase-2 ( PTGS2 ), MSI, CIMP, and LINE-1 methylation. Results: Increasing overall lymphocytic reaction score including tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes was associated with a significant improvement in colorectal cancer–specific and overall survival (log-rank P P trend Conclusions: Lymphocytic reactions to tumor were associated with improved prognosis among colorectal cancer patients, independent of lymph node count and other clinical, pathologic, and molecular characteristics. (Clin Cancer Res 2009;15(20):6412–20)
Vulnerability assessment and re-routing of freight trains under disruptions: A coal supply chain network application

In this paper, we present a two-stage mixed integer programming (MIP) interdiction model in which an interdictor chooses a limited amount of elements to attack first on a given network, and then an operator dispatches trains through the residual network. Our MIP model explicitly incorporates discrete unit flows of trains on the rail network with time-variant capacities. A real coal rail transportation network is used in order to generate scenarios to provide tactical and operational level vulnerability assessment analysis including rerouting decisions, travel and delay costs analysis, and the frequency of interdictions of facilities for the dynamic rail system.
Immobilization of diastase onto acid-treated bentonite clay surfaces

The immobilization of diastase onto acid-treated bentonite surface has been investigated and the relative activity of immobilized enzyme has been examined under varying experimental conditions. The effect of various factors such as concentration of enzyme solution, pH and temperature of immobilization medium, presence of salts and organic solvents has been observed on both the extent of immobilized enzyme and its relative activity. Various thermodynamic parameters were also evaluated.
A survey of road pricing

Abstract Road Pricing has an established history in the literature of transport economics and has attracted the intermittent attention of policy-makers for many years. The theory has been refined and developed as economists have relaxed the simplifying assumptions of their early work. This paper brings together the wide-ranging literature on road pricing, drawing not only on the standard economic sources but also material that has appeared in the engineering and planning literature. The theory is set in the context of both empirical evidence of the practical viability of road pricing and the political-legal environment in which it must gain acceptance.
Identification of soybean proteins from a single cell type: The root hair

Root hairs (RH) are a terminally differentiated single cell type, mainly involved in water and nutrient uptake from the soil. The soybean RH cell represents an excellent model for the study of single cell systems biology. In this study, we identified 5702 proteins, with at least two peptides, from soybean RH using an accurate mass and time tag approach, establishing a comprehensive proteome reference map of this single cell type. We also showed that trypsin is the most appropriate enzyme for soybean proteomic studies by performing an in silico digestion of the soybean proteome using different proteases. Although the majority of proteins identified in this study are involved in basal metabolism, the function of others are more related to RH formation/function and include proteins involved in nutrient uptake (transporters) or vesicular trafficking (cytoskeleton and ras-associated binding proteins). Interestingly, some of these proteins appear to be specifically detected in RH and constitute promising candidates for further studies to elucidate unique features of this single-cell model.
Gender and Age Differences in Chief Complaints of Acute Myocardial Infarction (Worcester Heart Attack Study)

We examined gender and age differences for chief symptom complaints in a population-based sample of 881 women (43%) and 1,192 men (57%) hospitalized for acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Women, in particular older women, were less likely than men to have a chief complaint of chest pain associated with AMI. Overall, a large proportion of women and men whose AMI was ultimately diagnosed did not present with chest pain as their chief complaint.
Discharge air system: modelling and optimal control

A state-space model of a discharge air system (DAS) is developed. Simulation results obtained from the developed model compare well with the published experimental data. The optimal control strategies and optimal performance of DAS to step changes in setpoints are given for two cases: a heating case with temperature control, and a cooling case with temperature and humidity control. Results show that the outputs (discharge air temperature and humidity ratio) of the system reach the chosen setpoints rapidly and smoothly compared with that of PI control results published in the literature. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nonlinear Efficiency Of Magnetized Free Electron Lasers And Auto Resonance Cyclotron Masers

Nonlinear efficiency of magnetized free electron lasers and auto resonance cyclotron masersA. T. LinDepartment of Physics, University of California at Los Angeles1 -130 Knudsen Hall, 405 Hilgard Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90024AbstractThe nonlinear efficiency of magnetized free electron lasers versus axial magnetic fieldhas been investigated through particle simulations. The presence of the axial magneticfield in a free electron laser around gyroresonance is observed to introduce a strong longwavelength Raman backscattering instability which itself gives rise to electron trapping andcaused the desired short wavelength radiation to saturate earlier than an unmagnetized freeelectron laser. The results of single mode particle simulations show that the nonlinearefficiency of a cyclotron maser operated in the auto resonance regime can reach 25% withbeam energy = 1 Mev, beam current = lkA, and R, = l /y. The output radiation frequencyscale with beam energy according to y2S2 and the process converts both the longitudinal andtransverse components of beam energy ino radiation.IntroductionBecause of the advance in the relativistic beam source technology, a great deal of re-search activities recently has been attracted to the generation of high power microwavesources in the milli -meter and submilli -meter regimes either from the gyrotron or free elec-tron laser mechanisms.Gyrotrons excite fast waves which intrinsically limit the available beam energy for con-version into radiation to that portion residing in the beam's transverse component. It isdifficult to put most of the energy of a high y beam into the transverse component and thehighest magnetic field strength attainable is limited by technology. Also the size of theradiating region is limited giving problems with high power handling (windows, wall dissi-pation, etc.). Therefore, microwave radiation generated from gyrotrons is limited eitherin putput power or operating frequency.On the other hand, a free electron laser excites slow waves which transfer mostly thelongitudinal component of a relativistic beam's energy into radiation and the wiggler fre-quency (k V
Rumours: constructive or corrosive

There is an ever-greater emphasis on the maintenance of professional standards in communication among medical professionals. Much of the focus to date revolves around discourse between patients and families in the clinical arena and reflects standards developed by accrediting agencies and the government. Little has been written about the communication among professionals occurring in the administrative milieu that is largely unseen by those not engaged in the direct provision of or receipt of medical care. That rumours are a part of the interactive discourse is likely not unfamiliar to most in academia. Their potential for damage to the workplace and individuals is very real and requires recognition and in some situations, corporate action. There are options to reduce the likelihood of these kinds of communications and to manage them actively when they occur. What may result is an environment that leads to greater organisational confidence and individual productivity.
Social dominance rank and accessory sex glands in wild adult male house mice born to food-deprived mothers.

Food deprivation after weaning often has greater effects on the reproduction of females than males. However, if animals are deprived prenatally (i.e., through deprivation of the mother during gestation), the reproduction of males may be more negatively impacted because it may decrease their ability to compete with other males and their attractiveness to females. We tested the predictions that adult sons of females that are food-deprived during gestation would tend to lose agonistic encounters with sons of well-nourished (control) females and would have smaller accessory sex glands as well. Sons of control mothers were more frequently dominant to sons of deprived mothers. They also had heavier vesicular-coagulating gland complexes and tended to have heavier preputial glands. However, among males that had not been tested for social dominance rank, there were no such differences in accessory gland weights. These data indicate that maternal food deprivation affects sons only if they engage in agonistic encounters. These effects may be due to a disruption of the organizational effects of testosterone that occur in neonatal male mice and they are likely to have a strong negative impact on the reproduction of the sons of deprived mothers.
Organization of developmental enhancers in the Drosophila embryo

Most cell-specific enhancers are thought to lack an inherent organization, with critical binding sites distributed in a more or less random fashion. However, there are examples of fixed arrangements of binding sites, such as helical phasing, that promote the formation of higher-order protein complexes on the enhancer DNA template. Here, we investigate the regulatory 'grammar' of nearly 100 characterized enhancers for developmental control genes active in the early Drosophila embryo. The conservation of grammar is examined in seven divergent Drosophila genomes. Linked binding sites are observed for particular combinations of binding motifs, including Bicoid-Bicoid, Hunchback-Hunchback, Bicoid-Dorsal, Bicoid-Caudal and Dorsal-Twist. Direct evidence is presented for the importance of Bicoid-Dorsal linkage in the integration of the anterior-posterior and dorsal-ventral patterning systems. Hunchback-Hunchback interactions help explain unresolved aspects of segmentation, including the differential regulation of the eve stripe 3 + 7 and stripe 4 + 6 enhancers. We also present evidence that there is an under-representation of nucleosome positioning sequences in many enhancers, raising the possibility for a subtle higher-order structure extending across certain enhancers. We conclude that grammar of gene control regions is pervasively used in the patterning of the Drosophila embryo.
Protonium formation in antiproton–hydrogen-atom collisions

Expressions for momentum distributions of electrons in antiproton-hydrogen-atom collisions are derived in the framework of the advanced adiabatic approach for the time- independent Schroedinger equation. Protonium formation cross sections for states with different n and l spherical quantum numbers are also obtained. Total ionization and protonium formation cross sections are compared with other calculations in the interval of impact energies from 0.5 eV to 10 keV. We show that diabatic states promoted into the continuum can be rigorously defined within the advanced adiabatic framework.
Alterations in δ opioid receptor levels in discrete areas of the neocortex and in the globus pallidus of the aging guinea pig: a quantitative autoradiographic study

Abstract The effect of aging on δ opioid receptors was examined in the brains of guinea pigs aged 1, 6, 24 and 36 months. Quantitative autoradiography was used to monitor the concentrations of δ receptors in various anatomical regions at five rostro-caudal levels. δ opioid receptor populations were found to be remarkably stable throughout the life span of this species. We have, however, discovered anatomical areas which offer striking exceptions. In the globus pallidus, progressive age-related losses of δ receptors reached 50% in the senescent animal. In contrast, laminae I, II of the lateral agranular frontal cortex and laminae I, II and III, IV of the primary somatosensory cortex demonstrated age-related increases in the concentrations of δ receptors ranging from 30 to 45%. These changes are discussed with the view to their being functionally related components of motor circuitry involving pyramidal and extrapyramidal elements.
Chemical solution deposition (CSD) and characterization of ferroelectric and dielectric thin films

Abstract This invited paper discusses chemical solution deposition (CSD) and characterization of ferroelectric and dielectric thin films. Liquid Source Misted Chemical Deposition (LSMCD) technology was employed to deposit thin films using Metal Organic Decomposition (MOD) precursors. The configuration of the LSMCD machine along with deposition conditions and parameters are discussed in detail. Thickness uniformity, repeatability and step coverage data are also reported. Finally, electrical properties of thin Y1 and BST films deposited by LSMCD are discussed.
Litigating Equality The Limits of the Equal Pay Act

This article assesses the effectiveness of legal remedies available under the Equal Pay Act (EPA) in closing the gender gap in pay. Although employers frequently attribute women’s lesser pay to lag...
Probing of Pockets Related to the Attachment Level

Twenty immediate denture patients with periodontitis participated in a controlled study to determine the relationship between clinical probing of pocket depth and the connective tissue attachment. Maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth were probed clinically by one investigator to determine attachment levels. The mesial and distal facial line angles were probed from the cementoenamel junction and from a coronal bur groove, to the clinically determined attachment level. One hundred and sixteen teeth were measured. The teeth were extracted, rinsed, and stained with 4% methylene blue in 50% alcohol to demonstrate the remaining connective tissue attachment. A second investigator using the same probe as the first measured the distance from the coronal bur groove and cementoenamel junction to the most coronal extension of the connective tissue attachment. These measurements were repeated by the second investigator using a dividing caliper and a millimeter scale with a Vernier. The data were analyzed by an analysis of variance for grouped teeth, pairwise t statistic for all teeth, and an analysis of variance for all teeth. The results showed: the influence of the interaction between the patients and technique of measurement, bench and clinical, was negligible for the grouped teeth and for all teeth. The difference between the clinical and bench measurements was not significant for all the teeth as well. The null hypothesis that the difference between the clinical measurement and bench measurement is zero was satisified.
ORTHOGONAL SIMILARITY AND PAIRS OF QUADRATIC FORMS

Abstract The trace takes bilinear forms over a separable field extension to certain bilinear forms over the base field. This paper shows how to compute the inverse of that process. The construction implies that two known ways of classifying rational symmetric matrices under orthogonal similarity are actually the same.
Effect of Benemid and carinamide on penicillin therapy of experimental pneumococcic infections in mice.

Summary1. Oral administration of either carinamide or‘Benemid'enhances the therapeutic effectiveness of intramuscularly in jected penicillin in mice experimentally infected with Type I pneumococci. 2. When equal oral doses of these adjuncts are given,‘Benemid'had at least two to three times the duration of action of carinamide. 3. Plasma concentration studies show that‘Bene-mid'disappears from the blood stream at a somewhat slower rate than does carinamide. 4. Plasma concentration studies, combined with a consideration of the protection test data, suggest that‘Benemid'has about twice the intrinsic activity of carinamide. 5. The combined data indicate that the prolonged effectiveness of‘Benemid'in mice is the result not only of its slower rate of disappearance from the blood stream but also of its greater intrinsic activity.
Characterization of diastolic dysfunction heart failure following an acute hospitalization for heart failure in an urban, underserved population.

Objectives The aim of this retrospective study was to describe demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with diastolic dysfunction heart failure (DHF) in a safety-net institution. Methods Descriptive statistics were used to summarize characteristics for adults with DHF hospitalized for acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) between 1 January 2009 and 30 June 2010. Results Of 483 patients with an ADHF-related admission, only 83 (17.2%) had pure DHF. Mean age was 59.6 ± 13.1 years old, with nearly equal proportions of male and female patients. Hypertension (89.2%), coronary artery disease (74.7%), and diabetes (63.9%) comorbidities were most common. Diuretics (91.6%), angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers (69.9%), and β blockers (60.3%) were most frequently prescribed on discharge. Conclusion In our population, DHF is more prevalent in younger patients of any ethnicity, especially Hispanic/Latino and black ethnicities, compared with nationwide estimates. Our patients with DHF had higher ejection fractions and were prescribed higher rates of traditional heart failure medications.
Polls, Polls, and More Polls: An Evaluation of How Public Opinion Polls Are Reported in Newspapers

This article examines the information the news media provide about public opinion polls. To do this, the study uses standards established by the American Association for Public Opinion Researchers ...
Spiral Wave Attachment to Millimeter-Sized Obstacles

Background— Functional reentry in the heart takes the form of spiral waves. Drifting spiral waves can become pinned to anatomic obstacles and thus attain stability and persistence. Lidocaine is an antiarrhythmic agent commonly used to treat ventricular tachycardia clinically. We examined the ability of small obstacles to anchor spiral waves and the effect of lidocaine on their attachment. Methods and Results— Spiral waves were electrically induced in confluent monolayers of cultured, neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. Small, circular anatomic obstacles (0.6 to 2.6 mm in diameter) were situated in the center of the monolayers to provide an anchoring site. Eighty reentry episodes consisting of at least 4 revolutions were studied. In 36 episodes, the spiral wave attached to the obstacle and became stationary and sustained, with a shorter reentry cycle length and higher rate. Spiral waves could attach to obstacles as small as 0.6 mm, with a likelihood for attachment that increased with obstacle size. After attachme...
Effects of spray application parameters on foliar uptake and translocation of daminozide and 2,4-D-triethanolamine in Vicia faba

Abstract The uptake and translocation of daminozide and the triethanolamine salt of 2,4-D(2,4-D-TEOA) were determined radiochemically 24 h after application to leaves of Vicia faba (field bean). Chemicals were applied in aqueous solutions as monosize spray drops of varying diameters (50–500 μm), the volume median diameter (VMD):number median diameter (NMD) ratio of the droplet spectra being 0·92). Multiple regression analyses demonstrated that the efficiency of uptake (%) of both chemicals was not related to drop size or number, leaf coverage, concentration of active ingredient (a.i.) or application volume. For both chemicals, percentage uptake was inversely related to applied dose, and uptake and translocation were interrelated.
Performance comparison of microwave and optical intersatellite links

The MITRE Corporation has completed a hardware and software simulation of an advanced version of the Tracking Data and Relay Satellite System (TDRSS). The hardware simulator (testbed) includes the current TDRSS return channels [wideband channels at Ku band (225 MHz) and narrowband channels at S band (6 MHz, 7.5 MHz and 12 MHz)]. In addition, the testbed includes a Ka band user channel (450 MHz), a Ka band (21 GHz) space-to-ground link (1000 MHz), a Ka band (32 GHz) intersatellite link (1000 MHz) and three wave division multiplexed optical intersatellite links (225 MHz each). The testbed simulates both dedicated high data rate channels as well as multicarrier channels at both high and low data rates. The software simulation assisted in the development and validation of the hardware. The testbed was exercised with a high data rate modem at data rates of 300 Mbps. The test results for the composite TDRSS channel have been summarized previously. The simulated tests included the current TDRSS composite channel and the composite channel in tandem with the optical intersatellite link. This paper extends the previous results to the dedicated TDRSS channel which includes only a single carrier in a 225 MHz channel. This channel was operated at 300 Mbps using offset quadrature phase shift keying (OQPSK). The results are compared to measured TDRSS data and good agreement is found. The optical intersatellite link causes a 2.8 dB degradation when operating at a bit error rate of 10-5 (with the optical link operating at a C/N of 20.3 dB).
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) Increases in Tracheobronchial Aspirates From Intubated Low Birthweight Infants During the First 10 Days of Life † 1721

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) Increases in Tracheobronchial Aspirates From Intubated Low Birthweight Infants During the First 10 Days of Life † 1721
First employment characteristics for the 2011 pediatric surgery fellowship graduates.

Abstract Purpose Information regarding initial employment of graduating pediatric surgery fellows is limited. More complete data could yield benchmarks of initial career environment. Methods An anonymous survey was distributed in 2011 to 41 pediatric surgery graduates from all ACGME training programs interrogating details of initial positions and demographics. Results Thirty-seven of 41 (90%) fellows responded. Male to female ratio was equal. Graduates carried a median debt of $220,000 (range: $0–$850,000). The majority of fellows were married with children. 70% were university/hospital employees, and 68% were unaware of a business plan. Median starting compensation was $354,500 (range: $140,000–$506,000). Starting salary was greatest for >90% clinical obligation appointments (median $427,500 vs. $310,000; p=0.002), independent of geographic location. Compensation had no relationship to private practice vs. hospital/university/military position, coastal vs. inland location, and practice sites number. Median clinical time was 75% and research time 10%. 49% identified a formal mentor. Graduates covered 1–5 different offices (median 1) and 1–5 surgery sites (median 2). 60% were satisfied with their compensation. Conclusion Recent pediatric surgery graduates are engaged mainly in clinical care. Research is not incentivized. Compensation is driven by clinical obligations. Graduates have limited knowledge of the business plan supporting their compensation, nature of malpractice coverage, and commitments to resources including research. Graduates have important fiscal and parenting obligations.
Verification, Validation, and Accreditation of a Soldier-System Modeling Tool:

Increasingly, system developers are relying on modeling and simulation to support early design decisions. In turn, to support effective, timely use of models and simulations, verification, validation, and, in some cases, accreditation (VV&A) are required. The soldier-system analysis tools collectively known as Hardware vs. Manpower (HARDMAN) III underwent a formal VV&A process, the first of its type in the Army. The first phase comprised the core task network modeling capability and the effects implemented as additions to or modifications of the task data–mental workload estimation and environmental degradation, personnel characteristics, and training. A review board of representative users, policy-makers, technical experts, and soldier proponents evaluated the findings against eight criteria–configuration management, software verification, documentation, data input requirements, model granularity, validity of modeling techniques and embedded algorithms, output, and analysis timelines. All criteria were s...
Fully Renormalized Kinetic Theory. II. Velocity Autocorrelation

In a previous paper a general formalism was developed for treating the time-dependent correlation functions that arise in the theory of self-diffusion. In this paper this formalism is used in conjunction with the approximation where the two-particle source is approximated by a sum of one-particle sources. This approximation follows from physical arguments and from an analysis of the exact equation for the two-particle source. The resulting expression for the memory function is similar to that found previously by Pomeau and is related to the ring terms studied by Kawasaki and Oppenheim. It is further shown that this correction to the Boltzmann-Enskog memory function can be written in terms of a product of phase-space correlation functions. This theory, to the extent that the hydrodynamical projection onto these correlation functions is dominant, provides a microscopic basis for the various mode-mode coupling theories. The associated long-time behavior of the velocity-autocorrelation function is shown to go as ${t}^{\frac{\ensuremath{-}3}{2}}$ and the coefficient agrees with that found by Dorfman and Cohen for low densities. For higher densities there are differences. It is further demonstrated how one can remove the wave-number cutoffs used in other theories, and the velocity-autocorrelation function is calculated, in a particular approximation, over the complete range of times with no adjustable parameters.
Wheat Eukaryotic Initiation Factor 4B Organizes Assembly of RNA and eIFiso4G, eIF4A, and Poly(A)-binding Protein

The eukaryotic translation initiation factor (eIF) 4B promotes the RNA-dependent ATP hydrolysis activity and ATP-dependent RNA helicase activity of eIF4A and eIF4F during translation initiation. Although this function is conserved among plants, animals, and yeast, eIF4B is one of the least conserved of initiation factors at the sequence level. To gain insight into its functional conservation, the organization of the functional domains of eIF4B from wheat has been investigated. Plant eIF4B contains three RNA binding domains, one more than reported for mammalian or yeast eIF4B, and each domain exhibits a preference for purine-rich RNA. In addition to a conserved RNA recognition motif and a C-terminal RNA binding domain, wheat eIF4B contains a novel N-terminal RNA binding domain that requires a short, lysine-rich containing sequence. Both the lysine-rich motif and an adjacent, C-proximal motif are conserved with an N-proximal sequence in human and yeast eIF4B. The C-proximal motif within the N-terminal RNA binding domain in wheat eIF4B is required for interaction with eIFiso4G, an interaction not reported for other eIF4B proteins. Moreover, each RNA binding domain requires dimerization for binding activity. Two binding sites for the poly(A)-binding protein were mapped to a region within each of two conserved 41-amino acid repeat domains on either side of the C-terminal RNA binding domain. eIF4A bound to an adjacent region within each repeat, supporting a central role for these conserved eIF4B domains in facilitating interaction with other components of the translational machinery. These results support the notion that eIF4B functions by organizing multiple components of the translation initiation machinery and RNA.
Games and Politics: An Examination of Persistent U.S. – China Financial Imbalances

The fact that the U.S. and China have maintained large and persistent financial imbalances is not under dispute. There is disagreement about whether or not these imbalances can be sustained. Within this discussion, much of the literature focuses on the corrective policies required by the U.S. and/or China to eliminate these imbalances, if one considers correction necessary. This paper argues that the appropriate way to model the correction decision for both the U.S. and China is to use a game-theoretic approach. An example is then provided that illustrates how a game-theoretic model can be used to determine the equilibrium policy choices by the U.S. and China under two different assumptions: that the imbalances are sustainable and also under the assumption that the imbalances are unsustainable. Lastly, it is argued that only by utilizing a political economy model, can the choice of policy actions with each country be fully examined, as the policies are undertaken under political constraints in each country.