cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Formation, shape, and evolution of magnetic structures in CIRs at 1 AU

[1] We have surveyed the properties of 153 co-rotating interaction regions (CIRs) observed at 1 AU from January, 1995 through December, 2008. We identified that 74 of the 153 CIRs contain planar magnetic structures (PMSs). For planar and non-planar CIRs, we compared distributions of the bulk plasma and magnetic field parameters. Our identification of CIRs and their features yields the following results: (1) The different pressures within CIRs are strongly correlated. (2) There is no statistical difference between planar and non-planar CIRs in the distributions and correlations between bulk plasma and magnetic field parameters. (3) The mean observed CIR azimuthal tilt is within 1 σ of the predicted Parker spiral at 1 AU, while the mean meridional tilt is about 20°. (4) The meridional tilt of CIRs changes from one solar rotation to the next, with no relationship between successive reoccurrences. (5) The meridional tilt of CIRs in the ecliptic is not ordered by the magnetic field polarity of the parent coronal hole. (6) Although solar wind deflection is a function of CIR shape and speed, the relationship is not in agreement with that predicted by Lee (2000). We conclude the following: (1) PMSs in CIRs are not caused by a unique characteristic in the local plasma or magnetic field. (2) The lack of relationship between CIR tilt and its parent coronal hole suggests that coronal hole boundaries may be more complex than currently observed. (3) In general, further theoretical work is necessary to explain the observations of CIR tilt.
a Simple Procedure for Developing a Design Storm Hydrograph

: The paper presents a conceptual procedure for developing a design storm hydrograph. The methods were developed by conducting a regression analysis with simulated data generated by a complex computer model. A brief description of the model is presented together with the results of a verification study with the model. The model is based on SCS procedures but also incorporates a double triangle hydrograph method for use in agricultural and forested water-sheds. The regression procedures provide a simple hand calculator method for generating a storm hydrograph.
Cardiovascular safety of beta(2)-adrenoceptor agonist use in patients with obstructive airway disease: a systematic review.

Background beta(2)-Adrenoceptor agonists have been used as bronchodilators in the management of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD); however, there is evidence suggesting that beta(2)-adrenoceptor agonist use may increase morbidity and mortality. Methods A systematic review of case-control studies and randomised controlled trials was performed to evaluate the cardiovascular safety of beta(2)-adrenoceptor agonist use in patients with obstructive airway disease, defined as asthma or COPD. Results Case-control studies have shown that beta(2)-adrenoceptor agonist use is associated with an increased risk of myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, cardiac arrest and sudden cardiac death. The degree of risk appears to be dose-dependent, and may be highest for new users and those with concomitant cardiac conditions. Pooled data from randomised placebo-controlled trials indicate that beta(2)-adrenoceptor agonist use increases the risk of adverse cardiovascular events by more than 2-fold compared with placebo, thus providing evidence that the association seen in case-control studies is a causal one. Single doses of beta(2)-adrenoceptor agonists significantly increase heart rate and decrease potassium concentrations compared with placebo. Conclusions Initiation of beta(2)-adrenoceptor agonist treatment increases heart rate and decreases potassium concentrations, while continued use may increase the risk of adverse cardiovascular events. It could be through these effects of beta-adrenergic stimulation that beta(2)-adrenoceptor agonists may induce ischaemia, congestive heart failure, arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. In addition to increasing adverse cardiovascular events, beta(2)-adrenoceptor agonist use may induce respiratory tolerance and increase the risk of asthma attacks. It is not clear whether beta(2)-adrenoceptor agonists should be used regularly in the treatment of obstructive airway disease, with or without concomitant cardiovascular disease.
The effect of cholera toxin on the phosphorylation of protein in epithelial cells and their brush borders

Abstract Cholera toxin increases the amount of phosphate incorporated into the protein fraction of intestinal epithelial cells. The brush border of the cell is one site of increased phosphorylation. Within this membrane, the amount of labeled phosphate increases most in the microvilla “core” fraction.
Performance of through-the-lens/off-axis laser alignment systems and alignment algorithms on Nikon wafer steppers

New generations of ULSI devices require significant improvements in circuit overlay. The performance limits of a current wafer stepper alignment system have been evaluated by testing alignment target capture on planarized targets and rough substrates. Although new hardware is being developed for alignment under difficult conditions, it has been shown that new algorithm designs can extend the performance of existing systems.© (1992) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Stories of Success: Latinas Redefining Cultural Capital

In this essay, the stories of successful Latina scholars are captured and shared through a series of interviews. Inquiring about the k-20 experience of the Latinas, the study provides timely insights that counter mainstream deficit perspectives on the Latino population. Specifically, these Latinas' stories show how they have been inspired by cultural values, such as community, faith and compassion. Given the Latina population's rapid growth in the U.S., this work is timely as it aides in the broadening and redefining of cultural capital.
Traffic Sign Recognition Using Sparse Representations and Active Contour Models

Automated traffic sign recognition (TSR) remains an integral component of road sign inventory programs administered by transportation agencies. However, current practices for TSR are labor-intensive and time-consuming. This paper presents a novel TSR algorithm that can be integrated into the traffic sign management systems of infrastructure managers. The methodology proposed the use of a multiscale principal component pursuit (mPCP) for detection of the locations of traffic signs that decomposes each video frame into a background image (trees, cars, illumination, etc.) and foreground image (traffic sign information). Next, a novel model method for edge detection called "active contours," or "snakes," was introduced to extract traffic sign geometries for classification. The active contour models showed promise for the detection of different types of traffic signs in noisy environments. The ability of these models to split and match topologies of the image data was essential for accurate sign location and s...
Genetics of Dyslipidemias and the Role of the ApoE Arg145Cys Mutation in African-derived Populations

Abstract Dyslipidemia is a complex phenotype that depends on gene-environment interactions to be manifested. Deleterious mutations in proteins of the lipid transport pathway are expected to contribute to dyslipidemias. Apolipoprotein E (ApoE), a protein component of blood lipid particles, plays an important role in lipid transport and delivery. Single polymorphisms in residues 112 and 158 define the common E2, E3 and E4 alleles. In a study of Qataris, we observed that 17.4 percent of the African-derived genetic subgroup were heterozygotes for the rare Arg145Cys (R145C) variant that functions as a dominant trait with incomplete penetrance associated with dyslipidemia. Based on this, we hypothesized that the R145C polymorphism may be common in African-derived populations. The prevalence of the R145C variant worldwide was assessed in the 1000 Genomes Project (1000G) and then in 1012 Caucasians and 1226 African-Americans in New York City. Lipid profiles of the Qatari and New York R145C+ heterozygotes were com...
Cultural similarities and differences in perceived affordances of situations for Big Five behaviors

The perceived affordance or conduciveness of various situations for Big Five behaviors was investigated in the United States (N = 188) and the Philippines (N = 215). The basic proposition that different situations afford different trait-relevant behaviors was supported, at least in the perceptions of cultural informants. Cultural similarities exceeded differences, and in both cultures individuals perceived Big Five behaviors as expressed in if-then patterns of variation across situations. Americans and Filipinos showed some similarity in the general dimensions along which situations are construed, but meaningful differences in the construal of certain interpersonal situations were also observed. The findings contribute to efforts to integrate person and situation approaches in personality and social psychology.
Two-dimensional symmetry-protected topological phases with PSU(N) and time-reversal symmetry

Symmetry-protected topological phase is one type of nontrivial quantum disordered many-body state of matter. In this paper we study one class of symmetry-protected topological phases in two-dimensional space with both $\mathrm{PSU}(N)$ and time-reversal symmetry. These states can be described by a principal chiral model with a topological $\ensuremath{\Theta}$ term. As long as the time-reversal symmetry and $\mathrm{PSU}(N)$ symmetry are both preserved, the (1+1)-dimensional boundary of this system must be either gapless or degenerate. We will also construct a wave function of a spin-1 system on the honeycomb lattice, which is a candidate for the symmetry-protected topological phase with both SO(3) and time-reversal symmetry.
Mesomelic dysplasia with absence of fibulae and hexadactyly : Nievergelt syndrome or new syndrome ?

Mesomelic dysplasia is a form of short-limb dwarfism characterized by disproportionate shortness of the middle segment of all limbs. Included in this category of skeletal disorders is the Nievergelt syndrome, which typically manifests a rhomboidal shape of the tibiae and fibulae, an unusual foot deformity, radio-ulnar synostosis, and dysplasia of the elbow and knee joints. We describe a patient with mesomelic dysplasia with findings suggestive of the Nievergelt syndrome and with absence of fibulae and hexadactyly.
An atypical shotgun entrance wound caused by a sabot slug. All is not as it seems.

An 18-year-old woman was killed by a single gunshot wound to the head during a high-speed chase on a rural two-lane road. At autopsy, the entrance wound of the calvarium first appeared to be a tangential "keyhole" defect. Upon internal examination, the wound was determined to have been caused by a shotgun sabot slug that had yawed approximately 90 degrees during its flight. The unusual characteristics of the wound and the ammunition are discussed. Language: en
The net present value method versus the option value of waiting: A note on Farzin, Huisman and Kort (1998)

Abstract Using the tools of real-options theory, Farzin, Huisman and Kort (1998) investigate the optimal timing of technology adoption in a model in which there is ongoing technological progress and the firm's investment decision is irreversible. When the firm can switch technologies n Farzin et al. (1998) obtain the surprising result that the criterion for adopting a new technology derived from real-options theory coincides with the net present value criterion for all but the last switch. This note points out a mistake in Farzin et al.'s (1998) derivations that leads to the above result. We show that, compared to the net present value approach, the firm will defer the adoption of a new technology when it takes the option value of waiting into account.
Cost Efficiency Benchmarking for Operational Units with Multiple Cost Drivers

We consider the activity-based costing situation, in which for each of several comparable operational units, multiple cost drivers generate a single cost pool. Our study focuses on published data from a set of property tax collection offices, called rates departments, for the London metropolitan area. We define what may be called benchmark or most efficient costs per unit of driver. A principle of maximum performance efficiency is proposed, and an approach to estimating the benchmark unit costs is derived from this principle. A validation approach for this estimation method is developed in terms of what we call normal-like-or-better performance effectiveness. Application to longitudinal data on a single unit is briefly discussed. We also consider some implications for the more routine case when costs are disaggregated to subpools associated with individual cost drivers.
Temperature effects on output power of piezoelectric vibration energy harvesters

The performance of piezoelectric vibration energy harvesters was studied as a function of environment temperature. The devices fabricated by soft or hard PZTs were used to investigate the effect of material parameters on the thermal degradation of the devices. PZT MEMS device was also prepared and compared with the bulk devices to investigate scaling effect on the thermal degradation. All devices were heated up to 150^oC in an insulating chamber. Output power was estimated by Roundy's equivalent circuit model and compared with experimental data. The output power of all devices decreased with the increase of the temperature. The output power as a function of temperature can be predicted by the change of piezoelectric coupling coefficient that is proportional to piezoelectric constant and inverse of square root of dielectric constant. Such combined influence on the output power leads to a lower thermal degradation rate of the soft PZT-based device at a lower temperature. For MEMS scale device based on PZT films, temperature dependence of the output power was reduced. This result can be attributed to decreased temperature dependence of dielectric and piezoelectric constants mainly due to constrained domain motions.
Differentiated LMX: Effects of Racial Diversity and Leader Style on Motivation and Performance

Despite calls for more theoretical and empirical attention, race and racial diversity remain important, but largely ignored, aspects of team composition in previous leadership theory and research. ...
Association between volume of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography at an academic medical center and use of pancreatobiliary therapy.

Background & Aims Many advances have been made in pancreatobiliary imaging and endoscopy techniques. However, little is known about trends in use of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Methods We performed a retrospective cohort study that analyzed data from 33,596 ERCPs performed at Indiana University Medical Center from 1994 to 2009. Data from all patients were entered into an endoscopy database. We compared changes in patient demographics, indications for ERCP, and utilization of specific ERCP therapies during this time period. Results The annual volume of ECRP increased steadily from 1175 in 1994 to 2802 in 2009 ( P P P P P = .252), but the frequency of pancreatic sphincterotomy, common bile duct, or pancreatic duct stent placement and pancreatic duct stricture dilation increased during this time ( P Conclusions At a referral center, ERCP has become increasingly complex. From 1994 to 2009, increasing numbers of ERCPs have been performed for patients with more comorbidities, higher-grade disease, history of failed ERCPs, and on those receiving endotherapy.
ON THE RISE VELOCITY OF SLUGS IN FLUIDIZED BEDS

Abstract A quantitative description of non-uniform, dilute-phase, volume fraction and superficial velocity in two-phase, bubble-slug-flow, fluidized beds is presented. The appropriate expression for absolute slug velocity is where the distribution coefficient, Co takes on a value of 1.20, and ūs is a weighted-mean value over the bed cross-section. Only if the slug flow profile were uniform would the distribution coefficient be unity, and this is shown not to be the case. These results quantify the absolute slug velocity relationship proposed by Nicklin et al4.
Characterizing the galactic gravitational wave background with LISA

We present a Monte Carlo simulation for the response of the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) to the galactic gravitational wave background. The simulated data streams are used to estimate the number and type of binary systems that will be individually resolved in a 1-year power spectrum. We find that the background is highly non-Gaussian due to the presence of individual bright sources but, once these sources are identified and removed, the remaining signal is Gaussian. We also present a new estimate of the confusion noise caused by unresolved sources that improves on earlier estimates.
SELF-REGULATION FOR MANAGERIAL EFFECTIVENESS: THE ROLE OF ACTIVE FEEDBACK SEEKING

This field study examined the feedback-seeking behavior of 387 managers as observed by their superiors, subordinates, and peers. Results suggest that managers' tendency to seek negative feedback in...
Updating Political Evaluations: Policy Attitudes, Partisanship, and Presidential Assessments

The pervasive influence of partisanship on political evaluations is well known and understood. Whether citizens rely on their policy attitudes has received less attention, especially in the context of how people update and revise their evaluations. This paper focuses on presidential assessments and uses panel data covering three presidencies to model the determinants of opinion change. The results indicate that policy preferences (like partisanship) exert a regular and substantial influence on how citizens update their presidential evaluations.
Functional domains of the ClpA and ClpX molecular chaperones identified by limited proteolysis and deletion analysis.

Escherichia coli ClpA and ClpX are ATP-dependent protein unfoldases that each interact with the protease, ClpP, to promote specific protein degradation. We have used limited proteolysis and deletion analysis to probe the conformations of ClpA and ClpX and their interactions with ClpP and substrates. ATPγS binding stabilized ClpA and ClpX such that that cleavage by lysylendopeptidase C occurred at only two sites. Both proteins were cleaved within in a loop preceding an α-helix-rich C-terminal domain. Although the loop varies in size and composition in Clp ATPases, cleavage occurred within and around a conserved triad, IG(F/L). Binding of ClpP blocked this cleavage, and prior cleavage at this site rendered both ClpA and ClpX defective in binding and activating ClpP, suggesting that this site is involved in interactions with ClpP. ClpA was also cut at a site near the junction of the two ATPase domains, whereas the second cleavage site in ClpX lay between its N-terminal and ATPase domains. ClpP did not block cleavage at these other sites. The N-terminal domain of ClpX dissociated upon cleavage, and the remaining ClpXΔN remained as a hexamer, associated with ClpP, and expressed ATPase, chaperone, and proteolytic activity. A truncated mutant of ClpA lacking its N-terminal 153 amino acids also formed a hexamer, associated with ClpP, and expressed these activities. We propose that the N-terminal domains of ClpX and ClpA lie on the outside ring surface of the holoenzyme complexes where they contribute to substrate binding or perform a gating function affecting substrate access to other binding sites and that a loop on the opposite face of the ATPase rings stabilizes interactions with ClpP and is involved in promoting ClpP proteolytic activity.
NAD(P)H vs Schiff base fluorescence by spectroscopy, imaging and maximum sensitivity micrographs at the convergence of cellular detoxification, senescence and transformation

Two intracellular fluorochromes, NAD(P)H and Schiff Bases, provide monitoring of energy metabolism and photoperoxidations. Fluorochrome spectra and topographic distribution are measured in a microspectrofluorometer, pixel by pixel using a CCD. The mitochondrial arrangement of Saccharomyces cerevisie and metabolic activity at nuclear kidney epithelial sites is revealed. A kind of accelerated photoaging results in the accumulation of Schiff pigment. Schiff base emission is red-shifted, and it may be preceded by photo-oxidation of NAD(P)H. UVA production of oxygen radicals and peroxides may influence detoxification, senescence and/or transformation. Besides lysosomes, mitochondrial energy metabolism and ER and Golgi detoxification are open to study as multi-organelle complexes with fluorescent xenobiotics and probes. Melanocytes vs. melanoma cells in culture will be investigated using a new compact interferometer for Fourier coding of both emission and excitation spectra. Surprisingly, the photographic method, using the highest sensitivity films, may sometimes produce excellent structural detail. However, for kinetic studies, the CCD, or equivalent, is required. There is good potential for applications in diagnostics and prognostics plus the evaluation of new biopharmeceuticals.
Flash-induced absorbance changes in Rhodospirillum rubrum chromatophores

Abstract 1. Following a 30 nsec flash from a ruby laser, P870 absorbance changes in Rhodospirillum rubrum chromatophores are complete in less than 1 μsec, even at 37 °K. The spectrum of absorbance changes is similar to that obtained with continuous illumination. At 37 °K, the principal absorption band of P870 is at 891 mμ, 27 mμ to the red of the room temperature position. 2. The quantum requirement for P870 bleaching is 3.6 quanta per molecule. The dependence on flash intensity is the same at 430 mμ and 792 mμ. 3. The absorbance changes at 430 mμ, 742 mμ and 870 mμ recover in the dark at the same rates. The recoveries involve 3 groups of steps. The steps with half-times in the range 10–200 msec are sensitive to heating and inhibitors of photosynthesis. They increase in rate with rising temperature. 4. In the presence of antimycin, oxidation of cytochrome c and reduction of cytochrome b follow a flash. The half-times are 10–20 msec. At approximately the same rate as cytochrome c is oxidized, about twice as much P870 recovers. 5. Reduced N -methylphenazonium methosulfate (PMS) accelerates the P870 recovery in a reaction which is first order in PMS and P870 + . The reaction is faster than the cytochrome c oxidation, and increases in rate with rising temperature. No simultaneous oxidation of PMS was detected. 6. At low temperatures, the P870 recovery is kinetically first order. Its rate increases with decreasing temperature, at least down to 29 °K. 7. Dithionite does not cause loss of the P870 absorbance changes, but causes a recovery with a half-time of several μsec. This recovery also occurs at low temperatures, decreasing in rate as the temperature is lowered.
Laboratory experiments on counter-propagating collisions of solitary waves. Part 1. Wave interactions

Collisions of counter-propagating solitary waves are investigated experimentally. Precision measurements of water-surface profiles are made with the use of the laser induced fluorescence (LIF) technique. During the collision, the maximum wave amplitude exceeds that calculated by the superposition of the incident solitary waves, and agrees well with both the asymptotic prediction of Su & Mirie (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 98, 1980, pp. 509–525) and the numerical simulation of Craig et al. (Phys. Fluids, vol. 18, 2006, 057106). The collision causes attenuation in wave amplitude: the larger the wave, the greater the relative reduction in amplitude. The collision also leaves imprints on the interacting waves with phase shifts and small dispersive trailing waves. Maxworthy’s (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 76, 1976, pp. 177–185) experimental results show that the phase shift is independent of incident wave amplitude. On the contrary, our laboratory results exhibit the dependence of wave amplitude that is in support of Su & Mirie’s theory. Though the dispersive trailing waves are very small and transient, the measured amplitude and wavelength are in good agreement with Su & Mirie’s theory. Furthermore, we investigate the symmetric head-on collision of the highest waves possible in our laboratory. Our laboratory results show that the runup and rundown of the collision are not simple reversible processes. The rundown motion causes penetration of the water surface below the still-water level. This penetration causes the post-collision waveform to be asymmetric, with each departing wave tilting slightly backward with respect to the direction of its propagation; the penetration is also the origin of the secondary dispersive trailing wavetrain. The present work extends the studies of head-on collisions to oblique collisions. The theory of Su & Mirie, which was developed only for head-on collisions, predicts well in oblique collision cases, which suggests that the obliqueness of the collision may not be important for this ‘weak’ interaction process.
Deterministic cash flow management: State of the art and research directions

Abstract Cash flow management has attracted the increasing attention of both academicians and practitioners in recent time. There is increasing emphasis on cash management as a vital organizational function and evidence indicates that the role and responsibilities of cash managers are expanding beyond conventional boundaries. In an earlier article, Gregory presented an excellent review of a limited class of cash management models. This paper attempts to review the rather large body of deterministic cash flow models that were not reviewed by Gregory. The review places the models in proper perspective by identifying the underlying decision processes and points out the somewhat narrow focus of these models. A modified taxonomy of cash management decisions is suggested as a possible framework for future research. The paper also recognizes the tremendous growth in information and computer technology and its implications for normative modeling efforts in cash management.
Components of the Relationship Between Level of Production and Rate of Maturity in Dairy Cattle

Summary Evidence is presented by the use of a variance and covariance analyses technique applied to production records of artificially sired cows to support the use of first lactation records on daughters of young dairy cattle sires being evaluated. The heritability of rate of maturity reflected in change of production with age was found to be one-third to one-fourth that of level of production. It is shown that level of herd production has far more influence on the relationship between level of production for successive lactations than does level of production among progeny groups of sires, the latter association being essentially zero. An increase in level of production among herds is accompanied by a decrease in the increase from first to second lactation production. Herd variation was found to be the largest single source of variation in production traits. The fraction of herd variation which is genetic was not estimated, but it was found that sires may be expected to be ranked in the same order according to daughter production in different herds.
Interferometric fiber-optic sensor embedded in a spark plug for in-cylinder pressure measurement in engines.

Pressure sensing in an internal combustion engine with an intrinsic fiber Fabry-Perot interferometer (FFPI) integrated with a spark plug is demonstrated for the first time. The spark plug was used for the ignition of the cylinder in which it was mounted. The FFPI element, protected with a copper/gold coating, was embedded in a groove in the spark-plug housing. Gas pressure in the engine induced longitudinal strain in this housing, which was also experienced by the fiber-optic sensing element. The sensor was monitored with a signal conditioning unit containing a chirped distributed-feedback laser. Pressure sensitivities as high as 0.00339 radians round-trip phase shift per pounds per square inch of pressure were observed. Measured pressure versus time traces showed good agreement with those from a piezoelectric reference sensor mounted in the same engine cylinder.
Modification of a pH Titration Laboratory Experiment

The author has modified a traditional pH titration laboratory experiment to an inquiry-based approach she learned in a PACT (Partnership for the Advancement of Chemical Technology) NSF-funded short course on analytical problem solving during the summer of 1996. In this modification, students are given an initial handout and asked to complete a short, attention-getting exercise. They must continue to work on logical, short exercises given to them one-at-a-time, in handout format, in order to complete the entire laboratory experiment. The inquiry-based approach is intended to increase students’ comprehension of what they are doing in laboratory and why they are doing it.
Adlai E. Stevenson: Part I. Stevenson as spokesman

(1960). Adlai E. Stevenson: Part I. Stevenson as spokesman. Today's Speech: Vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 3-5.
Thermoelastic asperity contacts, frictional shear, and parameter correlations

A thermoelastic asperity contact model has been developed for two-dimensional problems. This model takes into account a steady-state heat transfer and the asperity distortion due to thermoelastic deformations. The work reported in this paper further refines the thermoelastic model to include the shear traction effect on the thermoelastic stress distributions and derives semi-empirical relations for the contact pressure, temperature, asperity separation, and contact area, as functions of friction, asperity properties, and material properties. A method of boundary constraint coefficients is developed to facilitate the stress analyses of a half space using a finite computation domain.
The synthesis of derivatives of methionic acid.

The marked hypnotic activity of numerous aliphatic derivatives of methionic acid suggested the synthesis of aromatic and heterocyclic amides of methionic acid as compounds of possible medicinal value. The occurrences of the pyridine, pyrimidine, and thiazole nuclei in active antibacterial compounds, the use of quinoline derivatives as antimalarials, and the bacteriostatic property of compounds such as p-aminoacetophenone and p-aminobenzophenone have had a direct bearing on the choice of some of the compounds synthesized. Twenty-two new such derivatives of methionic acid have been prepared and sufficient quantities have been prepared for bacteriological and pharmacological testing.
Periosteal Releasing Incision for Successful Coverage of Augmented Sites. A Technical Note

Abstract The periosteal releasing incision (PRI) is very common in intraoral surgical procedures, especially when flap advancement is indicated, that is, when vertical or horizontal augmentations t...
Cicada burrows as indicators of paleosols in the inland pacific northwest

Cicada nymphs (Homoptera: Cicadidae) are soil-dwelling insects that form cylindrical back-filled burrows. These unique burrow features persist in soils for thousands of years and are common in soil descriptions in arid and semiarid regions of the inland Pacific Northwest (PNW). We examined the burrowing depth of live cicada nymphs and found that burrowing is concentrated in the upper 50 cm of soil. This depth may be used to distinguish between contemporary and relict burrows in soil profiles developed in transported parent materials, and can serve as a means of identifying paleosols from observations of burrows at greater depths. We then searched all official soil series descriptions within the USDA-NRCS State Soil Geographic (STAT-SGO) data base for cicada-burrowed horizons below the active burrowing depth to identify buried paleosols. We suggest that evidence of cicada nymph activity can be used to assess soil-stratigraphic relationships at broad scales in the inland PNW.
Using suboccipital release to control singultus: a unique, safe, and effective treatment

Hiccups, or singultus, are the result of spontaneous and repetitive contractions of the diaphragm. In most cases, episodes of singultus are benign and self-limited. However, prolonged attacks can result in significant discomfort, morbidity, and even death. Although the etiology of hiccups is theoretical at best, a wide array of treatments has been proposed with varying efficacy. Both pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic treatments target different components of the hiccup reflex, which includes the vagus and phrenic nerves, the respiratory center in the upper medulla, and the motor neurons in the diaphragm, glottis, and external intercostal muscles. In this case report, we describe the successful cessation of hiccups in a 9-year-old boy with a treatment called suboccipital release. With this approach, gentle traction and pressure is applied to the posterior neck, stretching the suboccipital muscles and fascia. The manual decompression of the vagus, and possibly phrenic, nerves interrupts the hiccup reflex and allows for normal autonomic function to be reestablished. We propose that the suboccipital release, noninvasive, simple, and with virtually no side effects, is an ideal initial treatment of singultus.
The SRS railgun: a new approach to restrike control

A segmented rail surface (SRS) structure is described that eliminates restrike arcs by progressively disconnecting segments of the rail surface after the plasma armature has passed. This technique has been demonstrated using the Los Alamos MIDI-2 railgun. Restrike was eliminated in a plasma armature acceleration experiment using metal-foil fuses as opening switches. A plasma velocity increase from 11 to 16 km/s was demonstrated using the SRS technique to eliminate the viscous drag losses associated with the restrike plasma. It is concluded that this technique is a practical option for a laboratory launcher at present and for future multishot launchers if appropriate switches can be developed. >
Nanotechnology in proteomics.

In genomics, the ability to amplify rare transcripts has enabled rapid advances in the understanding of gene expression patterns in human disease. The inability to increase the copy number and to detect the signal of rare proteins as unique species in biological samples has hindered the ability of proteomics to dissect human disease with the same complexity as genomic analyses. Advances in nanotechnology have begun to allow researchers to identify low-abundance proteins in samples through techniques that rely upon both nanoparticles and nanoscale devices. Coupled with rapid advances made in protein identification and isolation over the past decade, currently available technology enables more effective multiplexing and improved signal-to-noise, which enhances detection of low-abundance proteins in cellular and tissue lysates significantly. Techniques, including nanowires, nanocantilevers, bio-barcoding and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, permit the detection of proteins into the low attomolar range, w...
GENETIC CONTROL OF THE IMMUNE RESPONSE TO HUMAN ADULT HAEMOGLOBIN (HbA1) AND SICKLE CELL HAEMOGLOBIN (HbS)

The humoral response of twelve strains of mice to immunization with either normal adult human haemoglobin (HbA1) or sickle-cell haemoglobin (HbS) was studied using a quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA). Results indicate the presence of at least two genes that control the magnitude of this response, one of which is located at the 'D-end' of the H-2 complex. H-2 haplotypes s, q and k are associated with a low response, haplotypes d and a with a high response, and the b haplotype with an intermediate response. No difference in the pattern or magnitude of the response was observed when HbS was used as the immunogen in place of HbA1. The N-terminal octapeptides of the beta chains of HbA1 and HbS were synthesized and the presence of antibodies specific for the N-terminal octapeptides was tested. The magnitude of the anti-N-terminal response correlated with that to the intact molecules with one exception. A much lower response to the beta s-peptide was found in the C57BL/10Sn mice. Monoclonal antibodies were prepared to HbA1 and HbS. Three clones were studied for their reaction with HbA1, HbS, and the beta A1 and beta S peptides. One clone was found which binds both the beta A1 and beta S peptides. This indicates that the N-terminal portion of the beta chain of human haemoglobin is antigenic in mice.
Effect of surrounding medium on the optical properties of a two layer silver film

The effect of surrounding medium on the optical properties of a two layer silver film are investigated using an analytical model. We varied the media before the first layer, between the two layers, and after the second layer. We find that the optical properties of the film is dominantly determined by the medium between the two layers. The resonance wavelength red shifts when the medium between the two layers is changed from vacuum to water and then glass. The media before the first layer and after the second layer have little effect on the spectra of the film when the thicknesses of the layers are larger than 40 nm.
Parental practices and innate activity in normal, autistic, and brain-damaged infants.

Infant care practices and innate activity are compared in a study of 96 families representing 33 autistic and early schizophrenic, 33 matched normal, and 30 subnormal children. Data from objectively rated interviews indicated that parents of psychotic and normal children were alike in infant care practices, total stimulation scores, and factor analytically derived scores. Parents of subnormals were the least stimulating and coldest, providing fewer contacts and less physical freedom to the infants than the other parents. Normal infants were more active but autistic and subnormal did not differ on any infant rating item. Infant factor scores showed that autistic and subnormal infants were most alike in the alertness factor, both below normal infants. Social factors did not differ. Brain damage indices were highest in subnormal and lowest in normal, all differing significantly. Results are discussed and interpreted to substantiate criticism of theories that attribute autism to parental or organic-environmental causation during infancy.
Identifying the sources of cache misses in Java programs without relying on hardware counters

Cache miss stalls are one of the major sources of performance bottlenecks for multicore processors. A Hardware Performance Monitor (HPM) in the processor is useful for locating the cache misses, but is rarely used in the real world for various reasons. It would be better to find a simple approach to locate the sources of cache misses and apply runtime optimizations without relying on an HPM. This paper shows that pointer dereferencing in hot loops is a major source of cache misses in Java programs. Based on this observation, we devised a new approach to identify the instructions and objects that cause frequent cache misses. Our heuristic technique effectively identifies the majority of the cache misses in typical Java programs by matching the hot loops to simple idiomatic code patterns. On average, our technique selected only 2.8% of the load and store instructions generated by the JIT compiler and these instructions accounted for 47% of the L1D cache misses and 49% of the L2 cache misses caused by the JIT-compiled code. To prove the effectiveness of our technique in compiler optimizations, we prototyped object placement optimizations, which align objects in cache lines or collocate paired objects in the same cache line to reduce cache misses. For comparison, we also implemented the same optimizations based on the accurate information obtained from the HPM. Our results showed that our heuristic approach was as effective as the HPM-based approach and achieved comparable performance improvements in the SPECjbb2005 and SPECpower_ssj2008 benchmark programs.
WITHDRAWN: Reprint of “The Specific Deterrent Effect of ASAP Education And Rehabilitation Programs”

This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal ( http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy ). This reprinted article has been retracted at the request of the Publisher. The online version of this reprint has been withdrawn as it was a redundant duplicate of the original article. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause.
Computational complexity of robust control: A review of theoretical and algorithmic developments

The main role of feedback control is to address the effects of uncertainties, and much of the control literature since the 1980s has involved the analysis and design of uncertain systems. As the complexity of the systems that are being controlled continues to increase, a practical consideration is the computational cost of control analyses and design methods as the system size increases. This paper reviews results on the computational complexity of robust control problems, starting with well-known results and then moving to lesser known results that have broad implications. The paper ends with a discussion of future directions in stochastic robustness analysis.
Prevention of Central Venous Catheter Bloodstream Infections

The majority of nosocomial bloodstream infections in critically ill patients originate from an infected central venous catheter (CVC). Catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSIs) cause significant morbidity and mortality and increase the cost of care. The most frequent causative organisms for CRBSI are coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNSs), Staphylococcus aureus, enterococci, and Candida species. The path to infection frequently includes migration of skin organisms at the insertion site into the cutaneous catheter tract, resulting in microbial colonization of the catheter tip and formation of biofilm. Evidence-based strategies for the prevention of CRBSI include behavioral and educational interventions, effective skin antisepsis coupled with maximum barrier precautions, the use of antiseptic dressings, and the use of antiseptic or antibiotic impregnated catheters. Achieving and maintaining very low rates of CRBSI requires a multidisciplinary approach involving the entire health care team, the use of novel technologies in patients with the highest risk of CRBSI, and frequent reeducation of staff.
In vitro targeted photodynamic therapy with a pyropheophorbide--a conjugated inhibitor of prostate-specific membrane antigen.

BACKGROUND. The lack of specific delivery of photosensitizers (PSs), represents a significant limitation of photodynamic therapy (PDT) of cancer. The biomarker prostatespecific membrane antigen (PSMA) has attracted considerable attention as a target for imaging and therapeutic applications for prostate cancer. Although recent efforts have been made to conjugate inhibitors of PSMA with imaging agents, there have been no reports on PS-conjugated PSMA inhibitors for targeted PDT of prostate cancer. The present study focuses on the use of a PSMA inhibitor-conjugate of pyropheophorbide-a (Ppa-conjugate 2) for targeted PDT to achieve apoptosis in PSMAþ LNCaP cells. METHODS. Confocal laser scanning microscopy with a combination of nuclear staining and immunofluorescence methods were employed to monitor the specific imaging and PDT-mediated apoptotic effects on PSMA-positive LNCaP and PSMA-negative (PC-3) cells. RESULTS. Our results demonstrated that PDT-mediated effects by Ppa-conjugate 2 were specific to LNCaP cells, but not PC-3 cells. Cell permeability was detected as early as 2 hr by HOE33342/PI double staining, becoming more intense by 4 hr. Evidence for the apoptotic caspase cascade being activated was based on the appearance of poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) p85 fragment. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay detected DNA fragmentation 16 hr post-PDT, confirming apoptotic events. CONCLUSIONS. Cell permeability by HOE33342/PI double staining as well as PARP p85 fragment and TUNEL assays confirm cellular apoptosis in PSMAþ cells when treated with PSinhibitor conjugate 2 and subsequently irradiated. It is expected that the PSMA targeting smallmolecule of this conjugate can serve as a delivery vehicle for PDT and other therapeutic applications for prostate cancer. Prostate 69: 585–594, 2009. # 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Molecular Host-Pathogen Interaction in Brucellosis: Current Understanding and Future Approaches to Vaccine Development for Mice and Humans

Brucellosis caused by Brucella spp. is a major zoonotic disease. Control of brucellosis in agricultural animals is a prerequisite for the prevention of this disease in human beings. Recently, Brucella melitensis was declared by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to be one of three major bioterrorist agents due to the expense required for the treatment of human brucellosis patients. Also, the economic agricultural loss due to bovine brucellosis emphasizes the financial impact of brucellosis in society. Thus, vaccination might efficiently solve this disease. Currently, B. abortus RB51 and B. melitensis REV.1 are used to immunize cattle and to immunize goats and sheep, respectively, in many countries. However, these genetically undefined strains still induce abortion and persistent infection, raising questions of safety and efficiency. In fact, the REV.1 vaccine is quite virulent and apparently unstable, creating the need for improved vaccines for B. melitensis. In addition, Brucella spp. may or may not provide cross-protection against infection by heterologous Brucella species, hampering the acceleration of vaccine development. This review provides our current understanding of Brucella pathogenesis and host immunity for the development of genetically defined efficient vaccine strains. Additionally, conditions required for an effective Brucella vaccine strain as well as the future research direction needed to investigate Brucella pathogenesis and host immunity are postulated.
Moisture and soil differences as related to the spatial accuracy of GPR amplitude maps at two archaeological test sites

At many archaeological sites containing subtle buried features the distribution and retention of moisture can often be a dominant factor that determines whether reflected waves of sufficient amplitude can detect these features and be potentially mapped using GPR. A number of tests were performed at two archaeological tests sites in Illinois and Washington, where conditions varied dramatically with respect to soil types and moisture content. Amplitude maps produced from data collected in both sandy and clayey ground during both wet and dry ground conditions demonstrates that some types of cultural remains in these soils are visible in one condition or the other, but not always both. Hard packed or baked surfaces and buried wood artifacts will often either pool or retain water and sometimes be visible only when the ground is wet. Other features that are more visible in dry conditions can become obscured by differentially retained water in wet ground conditions, depending on material surrounding them. Laboratory measurements of soil samples from these sites show how sensitive many material types are to minor moisture changes, producing dramatically different reflected wave amplitudes with only small variations in water content. These findings can be used as a guide to the efficacy of GPR in different soils and moisture conditions.