cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The effect of the type of thermal exposure on the durability of thermal barrier coatings

Abstract The effect of cycle frequency on the spallation failure of thermal barrier coatings has been investigated. The exposure conditions affect the lifetimes of the coatings and can even change the relative performance of different bond coats. The very strong effect of exposure temperature is consistent with thermally grown oxide growth being a first order variable in scale failure.
Aleksandr Dugin’s transformation from a lunatic fringe figure into a mainstream political publicist, 1980–1998: A case study in the rise of late and post-Soviet Russian fascism

Abstract The paper 1 was completed in 2008 and complements previous analyses of post-communist Russian right-wing extremism, in general, and studies of “neo-Eurasianism,” in particular, surveying some circumstances of the emergence of its major ideologist Aleksandr Dugin (b. 1962). It introduces some teachers and collaborators of Dugin who influenced him before he became a known journalist, writer and commentator in the late 1990s. It also sketches some of Dugin’s initiatives and activities until he rose to the position of an official advisor to Gennady Seleznev, the Speaker of the State Duma, the lower house of the Russian parliament, in 1998. The footnotes provide a comprehensive bibliography on Western and Russian sources on the Russian “New Right.” It concludes with some suggestion where further research into the Dugin phenomenon could go. Current position Assistant Professor of Contemporary Russian History at The Catholic University of Eichstaett-Ingolstadt, Bavaria, and editor of the book series Soviet and Post-Soviet Politics and Society ( http://www.ibidem-verlag.de/spps.html ), Stuttgart and Hannover. Biographical sketch CertTransl (Leipzig), MA (Stanford), MPhil (Oxford), DipPolSci, DrPhil (FU Berlin), PhD (Cambridge). Visiting fellow at Stanford’s Hoover Institution in 1997–1999, and Harvard’s Weatherhead Center in 2001–2002. Bosch visiting lecturer at Yekaterinburg’s Urals State University in 1999–2001, and Kyiv’s Mohyla Academy in 2003/2005. In January-December 2004, temporary lecturer in Russian and East European studies at St. Antony’s College Oxford. In 2005–2008, German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) Lecturer Kyiv’s Shevchenko University. Papers in Problems of Post-Communism, East European Jewish Affairs, Osteuropa, Osterreichische Zeitschrift fur Politikwissenschaft, Politicheskie issledovaniya, European Political Science, Political Studies Review, The Journal of Slavic Military Studies, Voprosy filosofii, Obshchestvennye nauki i sovremennost’, Forum fur osteuropaische Ideen- und Zeitgeschichte, Ab Imperio and other journals. Editor of The Implementation of the European Convention on Human Rights in Russia: Philosophical, Legal und Empirical Studies (Stuttgart: Ibidem 2004), Geistes- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Hochschullehre in Osteuropa. Vols. 1, 2, 3 & 4 (Frankfurt a.M. u.a.: Peter Lang 2005, 2006, 2007 & 2009), and, with Roger Griffin and Werner Loh, Fascism Past and Present, West and East: An International Debate on Concepts and Cases in the Comparative Study of the Extreme Right. With an afterword by Walter Laqueur (Stuttgart: Ibidem-Verlag 2006).
Collateral sensitivity to radiation and cis-platinum in a multidrug-resistant human leukemia cell line.

Although collateral sensitivity to gamma radiation has previously been described in multidrug-resistant tumor cell lines, we describe here a multidrug-resistant human T-cell acute lymphatic leukemia cell line, L100, which displayed increased sensitivity to both gamma radiation and cis-platinum.Cis-platinum cytotoxicity of parental L0 cells and L100 cells was enhanced, whereas radiation sensitivity of L0 and L100 cells was unaltered by glutathione depletion. These results indicate that disparate mechanisms are operative in the collateral sensitivity of L100 cells to gamma radiation and cis-platinum.
A Compact, Low-Profile Metasurface-Enabled Antenna for Wearable Medical Body-Area Network Devices

We propose a compact conformal wearable antenna that operates in the 2.36-2.4 GHz medical body-area network band. The antenna is enabled by placing a highly truncated metasurface, consisting of only a two by two array of I-shaped elements, underneath a planar monopole. In contrast to previously reported artificial magnetic conducting ground plane backed antenna designs, here the metasurface acts not only as a ground plane for isolation, but also as the main radiator. An antenna prototype was fabricated and tested, showing a strong agreement between simulation and measurement. Comparing to previously proposed wearable antennas, the demonstrated antenna has a compact form factor of 0.5 λ 0 ×0.3 λ 0 ×0.028 λ 0 , all while achieving a 5.5% impedance bandwidth, a gain of 6.2 dBi, and a front-to-back ratio higher than 23 dB. Further numerical and experimental investigations reveal that the performance of the antenna is extraordinarily robust to both structural deformation and human body loading, far superior to both planar monopoles and microstrip patch antennas. Additionally, the introduced metal backed metasurface enables a 95.3% reduction in the specific absorption rate, making such an antenna a prime candidate for incorporation into various wearable devices.
Measuring long-run economic effects of natural hazard

This paper studies the long-run economic effects of severe weather on regional economies. A catastrophic event, such as a hurricane, will have an effect on both the directly impacted region and adjacent regions. With dramatically increasing damage from catastrophic weather events over the past few decades, comprehensive assessment of the long-run economic impact of natural disasters across the broader region becomes more important than ever for planning for post-disaster recovery. We estimate the long-run effect of Hurricane Katrina on the unemployment rate of Houston, TX by employing time-series and fixed-effect models. Using Dallas as a control, we find that Katrina is associated with a higher long-run unemployment rate in Houston than would otherwise have been expected. This implies that the hurricane-generated adverse relative effects on Houston. Our findings suggest that areas that are geographically proximate to the directly impacted region can sustain lasting negative economic consequences.
Circular optical object locator

The Circular Optical Object Locator is a collaborative and cooperative music-making device. It uses an inexpensive digital video camera to observe a rotating platter. Opaque objects placed on the platter are detected by the camera during rotation. The locations of the objects passing under the camera are used to generate music.
The metaphorical underpinnings of Aztec history: The case of the 1473 civil war

The article discusses the 1473 civil war between the two polities that formed the capital of the Aztec empire, Tenochtitlan and Tlatelolco, as presented in the Codex Duran. I argue that the literal, European-style rendition of the events of the war includes remnants of the pre-Conquest symbolic thought behind those events' original choreography. The remnants indicate that the war was staged to follow the outlines of the story of the battle between the god Huitzilopochtli (“Hummingbird, Left”) and his sister Coyolxauhqui (“Bells, Painted”) at the mountain site of Coatepetl (“Serpent Mountain”), an allegory for the rise and fall of powerful rulers. I also suggest that the enemy king and his second in command, after being thrown from the Tlatelolco Templo Mayor, were buried in the funerary vessels beside the Great Coyolxauhqui Stone discovered in 1978 at the base of the Tenochtitlan Templo Mayor, proved by the war to be the “true” and only Coatepetl.
Variable size finite-state motion vector quantization

We present an algorithm which combines vector quantization (VQ) techniques with variable size block matching algorithms (BMA) for motion compensated image sequence coding. First, an algorithm which decomposes the image frame into blocks of different sizes with similar motion parameters is proposed. Since the algorithm is based on splitting the block that would result in the highest decrease in distortion, it does not require a merging step. Next, VQ techniques are utilized to expedite the search for the block motion vector without significant sacrifice in the temporal entropy reduction performance. We compare the performance and the computational requirements of the proposed algorithm with other BMAs.
Identification of flow-dependent endothelial nitric-oxide synthase phosphorylation sites by mass spectrometry and regulation of phosphorylation and nitric oxide production by the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor LY294002.

Abstract Endothelial cells release nitric oxide (NO) acutely in response to increased laminar fluid shear stress, and the increase is correlated with enhanced phosphorylation of endothelial nitric-oxide synthase (eNOS). Phosphoamino acid analysis of eNOS from bovine aortic endothelial cells labeled with [32P]orthophosphate demonstrated that only phosphoserine was present in eNOS under both static and flow conditions. Fluid shear stress induced phosphate incorporation into two specific eNOS tryptic peptides as early as 30 s after initiation of flow. The flow-induced tryptic phosphopeptides were enriched, separated by capillary electrophoresis with intermittent voltage drops, also known as “peak parking,” and analyzed by collision-induced dissociation in a tandem mass spectrometer. Two phosphopeptide sequences determined by tandem mass spectrometry, TQpSFSLQER and KLQTRPpSPGPPPAEQLLSQAR, were confirmed as the two flow-dependent phosphopeptides by co-migration with synthetic phosphopeptides. Because the sequence (RIR)TQpSFSLQER contains a consensus substrate site for protein kinase B (PKB or Akt), we demonstrated that LY294002, an inhibitor of the upstream activator of PKB, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, inhibited flow-induced eNOS phosphorylation by 97% and NO production by 68%. Finally, PKB phosphorylated eNOS in vitro at the same site phosphorylated in the cell and increased eNOS enzymatic activity by 15–20-fold.
Diagnosing Model Errors from Time-Averaged Tendencies in the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model

AbstractAccurate predictions in numerical weather models depend on the ability to accurately represent physical processes across a wide range of scales. This paper evaluates the utility of model time tendencies, averaged over many forecasts at a given lead time, to diagnose systematic forecast biases in the Advanced Research version of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model during the 2010 North Atlantic hurricane season using continuously cycled ensemble data assimilation (DA). Erroneously strong low-level heating originates from the planetary boundary layer parameterization as a consequence of using fixed sea surface temperatures, impacting the upward surface sensible heat fluxes. Warm temperature bias is observed with a magnitude 0.5 K in a deep tropospheric layer centered 700 hPa, originating primarily from the Kain–Fritsch convective parameterization.This study is the first to diagnose systematic forecast bias in a limited-area mesoscale model using its forecast tendencies. Unlike global mo...
Predictors of Delayed or Forgone Needed Health Care for Families With Children

BACKGROUND: We sought to determine how health care–related financial burden, childhood activity limitations, health insurance, and other access-related factors predict delayed or forgone care for families with children, using a nationally representative, population-based sample. METHODS: Our sample included families with children aged 0 to 17 years whose family was interviewed about their health care expenditures in 1 of 7 panels of the 2001 to 2008 Medial Expenditure Panel Survey ( N = 14 138). Financial burden was defined as (1) the sum of out-of-pocket health service expenditures during the first survey year and (2) that sum divided by adjusted family income. Delayed or forgone care was defined as self-report of delayed or forgone medical care or prescription medications for the reference parent or child during the second survey year. RESULTS: Financial burden, discordant insurance, and having a child with an activity limitation were some of the strongest predictors of delayed or forgone care. Additionally, significant health insurance and income-related disparities exist in the experience of delayed or forgone care. CONCLUSIONS: Children and their families are delaying or forgoing needed care due to health care–related financial burden. Policies are needed to effectively reduce financial burden and improve the concordance of insurance between parents and children because this may reduce the frequency of unmet need among families. Moreover, reducing the occurrence of delayed or forgone care may improve health outcomes by increasing the opportunity to receive timely and preventive care.
Introduction to Imaging

The basic principles of echocardiography, including the basics of physics and instrumentation are discussed in Chapter 1. This chapter is an introduction to the echocardiographic examination, and a detailed description follows in Chapter 3.
DO WOMEN WITH CHILDHOOD EXPOSURE TO CIGARETTE SMOKING HAVE INCREASED FECUNDABILITY

A retrospective study of pregnant women in Minnesota and a prospective study of North Carolina women revealed an apparent increase in fecundability among women exposed passively to cigarette smoke in childhood. In 1983 678 Minnesota women with planned pregnancies were interviewed by telephone regarding the number of cycles it had taken them to become pregnant. These data were used to estimate the women s fecundability of per-cycle probability of conception. 663 of these women were reinterviewed a year later to collect data on their prenatal and childhood exposure to cigarette smoking. Results are presented on 631 women. When women who were exposed to their mothers smoking during pregnancy were compared with women who were not exposed both sets of women took an average of 3.4 cycles to become pregnant i.e. there was no overall effect of prenatal exposure on fecundability. There was a relation between womens fecundability and their exposure as children to adults who smoked. Exposed women had fewer numbers of cycles to pregnancy indicating higher fecundability. Women with no exposure took 3.8 cycles to become pregnant; those with exposure to 1 smoker took 3.4 cycles and those with exposure to 2 or more cycles took 3.1 cycles. The model also allowed for the consideration of possible confounding effects of other factors associated with fecundability: recent pregnancy or nursing frequency of intercourse recent oral contraceptive use and the smoking habits of the woman herself. The association of smoke exposure during childhood with higher fecundability persisted as each variable was added to the model. The results were compared with similar data collected from a prospective study in North Carolina (1983-85). In the Minnesota study a womans prenatal exposure to her mothers smoking was weakly associated with decreased fecundability whole her exposure to smokers during childhood was more strongly associated with higher fecundability. These 2 trends were present in the North Carolina study but the association with prenatal exposure was the stronger.
Optimizing Parallel Programs Using Affinity Regions

Afinity regions ensure that a shared processor scheduling, mapping iterations to processors, is used in consecutive parallel loop nests. Using affinity regions can significantly improve locality of reference and hence the performance. This paper discusses the use and effectiveness of affinity regions.
A Systematic Review of the Utility of Residual Vein Obstruction Studies in Primary and Secondary Venous Thrombosis

Background. Residual vein obstruction (RVO), the persistence of venous thrombosis with time and often after anticoagulation, may indicate a systemic prothrombotic condition. Prior studies have shown varying efficacy in using RVO as a risk factor for future venous thromboembolic (VTE) recurrence. Methods. To assess whether positive RVO imaging predicts recurrent VTE events, we performed a meta-analysis on studies in which patients with documented VTEs, anticoagulated for a minimum of 4 weeks, had repeat sonography to assess RVO and were subsequently followed for recurrent events. Results. Thirteen studies met inclusion criteria: 3531 patient VTE events with 3474 evaluable results were analyzed. The presence of RVO was associated with recurrence in all VTE (OR 1.93; 95% CI: 1.29, 2.89) and secondary VTE (OR 2.78; 95% CI: 1.41, 5.5) but not for primary VTE (OR 1.35; 95% CI: 0.87, 2.08). When cancer patients were eliminated from the secondary VTE group, there was no longer a significant association of RVO with VTE recurrence (OR 1.73; 95% CI: 0.81, 3.67) while in the subset of cancer patients, presence of RVO was associated with an increase in VTE recurrence risk (OR 5.14; 95% CI: 1.59, 16.65, P < 0.006). Conclusions. We conclude that the presence of RVO is associated with recurrence in secondary VTE but not in primary VTE and that association may be driven by the subset with cancer.
Novel Strategy Using F1-Congenic Mice for Validation of QTLs. Studies at the Proximal Chromosome 10 Atherosclerosis Susceptibility Locus

Objective— We have previously identified a quantitative trait locus (QTL) for atherosclerosis susceptibility on proximal chromosome 10 (Chr10) ( Ath11 ) in independent crosses of FVB and C57BL/6 (B6) mice on the apolipoprotein E (ApoE−/−) and LDL receptor (LDLR−/−) deficient backgrounds. The aims of the current study were to (1) test a novel strategy for validating QTLs using interval-specific congenic strains that were heterozygous (F1) across the genome, (2) validate the Chr10 QTL, and (3) to assess whether the phenotype is transferable by bone marrow transplantation. Methods and Results— We generated Chr10 (0 to 21 cM) interval-specific mice on the F1.ApoE−/− background by crossing congenic FVB.ApoE−/−Chr10B6/FVB with B6.ApoE−/−, and B6.ApoE−/−Chr10B6/FVB with FVB.ApoE−/− mice. Lesion size was significantly larger in the resultant F1.ApoE−/−Chr10FVB/FVB mice compared to F1.ApoE−/− Chr10B6/FVB and F1.ApoE−/−Chr10B6/B6 mice, validating the Chr10 QTL. The effect of the congenic interval was more robust on the F1.ApoE−/− than on the FVB.ApoE−/− and B6.ApoE−/− backgrounds. Bone marrow transplantation in congenic mice showed that the effect of the proximal Chr10 interval was not transferable by bone marrow–derived cells. Conclusions— A novel strategy of congenic strains on an F1 background proved useful to validate an atherosclerosis susceptibility QTL on mouse proximal Chr10.
Performance analysis of a LINK-16/JTIDS compatible waveform transmitted over a channel with pulse-noise interference

The Joint Tactical Information Distribution System (JTIDS) is a hybrid frequency-hoped, direct sequence spread spectrum system that utilizes a (31, 15) Reed-Solomon (RS) code and cyclical code-shift keying (CCSK) modulation for the data packets, where each encoded symbol consists of five bits. In this paper, an alternative waveform compatible with the existing JTIDS direct sequence spread spectrum channel waveform is analyzed. The system considered uses the same (31, 15) RS encoding as the original JTIDS but uses 32-ary orthogonal signaling with 32 chip baseband waveforms such as Walsh functions instead of CCSK. Currently, the JTIDS waveform is received noncohe-rently at the chip level, but in this paper the performance of the alternative, JTIDS-compatible waveform is evaluated for coherent as well as for noncoherent demodulation in order to ascertain the performance possible if coherent demodulation were practical. For coherent demodulation, each pair of five-bit symbols at the output of the RS encoder is assumed to undergo serial-to-parallel conversion to two five-bit symbols, which are then independently transmitted on the in-phase and quadrature component of the carrier, with the result that the data rate for coherent demodulation is twice that for noncoherent demodulation. The performance of the alternative waveform for the relatively benign case where additive white Gaussian noise is the only noise present as well as when pulse-noise interference is present is investigated for both coherent and noncoherent demodulation.
Estimating sample size for epidemiologic studies: the impact of ignoring exposure measurement uncertainty

Sample size requirements for epidemiologic studies are usually determined on the basis of the desired level of statistical power. Suppose, however, that one is planning a study in which the participants' true exposure levels are unobservable. Instead, the analysis will be based on an imprecise surrogate measure that differs from true exposure by some non-negligible amount of measurement error. Sample size estimates for tests of association between the surrogate exposure measure and the outcome of interest may be misleading if they are based solely on the anticipated characteristics of the distribution of surrogate measures in the study population. We examine the accuracy of sample size estimates for cohort studies in which a continuous surrogate exposure measure is subject to either classical or Berkson measurement error. In particular, we evaluate the consequences of not adjusting the sample size estimation procedure for tests based on imprecise exposure measurements to account for anticipated differences between the distributions of the true exposure and the surrogate measure in the study population. As expected, failure to adjust for classical measurement error can lead to underestimation of the required sample size. Disregard of Berkson measurement error, however, can result in sample size estimates that exceed the actual number of participants required for tests of association between the outcome and the surrogate exposure measure. We illustrate this Berkson error effect by estimating sample size for a hypothetical cohort study that examines an association between childhood exposure to radioiodine and the development of thyroid neoplasms.
Substrate Rigidity Regulates Human T Cell Activation and Proliferation

Adoptive immunotherapy using cultured T cells holds promise for the treatment of cancer and infectious disease. Ligands immobilized on surfaces fabricated from hard materials such as polystyrene plastic are commonly employed for T cell culture. The mechanical properties of a culture surface can influence the adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation of stem cells and fibroblasts. We therefore explored the impact of culture substrate stiffness on the ex vivo activation and expansion of human T cells. We describe a simple system for the stimulation of the TCR/CD3 complex and the CD28 receptor using substrates with variable rigidity manufactured from poly(dimethylsiloxane), a biocompatible silicone elastomer. We show that softer (Young's Modulus [E] 2 MPa). Mixed peripheral blood T cells cultured on the stiffer substrates also demonstrate a trend (nonsignificant) toward a greater proportion of CD62L(neg), effector-differentiated CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells. Naive CD4(+) T cells expanded on softer substrates yield an average 3-fold greater proportion of IFN-γ-producing Th1-like cells. These results reveal that the rigidity of the substrate used to immobilize T cell stimulatory ligands is an important and previously unrecognized parameter influencing T cell activation, proliferation, and Th differentiation. Substrate rigidity should therefore be a consideration in the development of T cell culture systems as well as when interpreting results of T cell activation based upon solid-phase immobilization of TCR/CD3 and CD28 ligands.
Role of adjunctive thrombectomy and embolic protection devices in acute myocardial infarction: a comprehensive meta-analysis of randomized trials

Aims Adjunctive thrombectomy and embolic protection devices in acute myocardial infarction have been extensively studied, although outcomes have mainly focused on surrogate markers of reperfusion. Therefore, the effect of adjunctive devices on clinical outcomes is unknown. This study sought to determine whether the use of a thrombectomy or embolic protection device during revascularization for acute myocardial infarction reduces mortality compared with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) alone. Methods and results The Cochrane and Medline databases were searched for clinical trials that randomized patients with ST-elevation acute myocardial infarction to an adjuvant device prior to PCI compared with PCI alone. Devices were grouped into catheter thrombus aspiration, mechanical thrombectomy, and embolic protection. There were a total of 30 studies with 6415 patients who met our selection criteria. Over a weighted mean follow-up of 5.0 months, the incidence of mortality among all studies was 3.2% for the adjunctive device group vs. 3.7% for PCI alone (relative risk, 0.87; 95% confidence interval, 0.67–1.13). Among thrombus aspiration studies, mortality was 2.7% for the adjunctive device group vs. 4.4% for PCI alone ( P = 0.018), for mechanical thrombectomy, mortality was 5.3% for the adjunctive device group vs. 2.8% for PCI alone ( P = 0.050), and for embolic protection, mortality was 3.1% for the adjunctive device group vs. 3.4% for PCI alone ( P = 0.69). Conclusion Catheter thrombus aspiration during acute myocardial infarction is beneficial in reducing mortality compared with PCI alone. Mechanical thrombectomy appears to increase mortality, whereas embolic protection appears to have a neutral effect.
Some simple victory-prediction conditions for lanchester-type combat between two homogeneous forces with supporting fires

This paper develops new “simple” victory-prediction conditions for a linear Lanchester-type model of combat between two homogeneous forces with superimposed effects of supporting fires not subject to attrition. These simple victory-prediction conditions involve only the initial conditions of battle and certain assumptions about the nature of temporal variations in the attrition-rate coefficients. They are developed for a fixed-force-ratio-breakpoint battle by studying the force-ratio equation for the linear combat model. An important consideration is shown to be required for developing such simple victory-prediction conditions: victory is not guaranteed in a fixed-force-ratio-breakpoint battle even when the force ratio is always changing to the advantage of one of the combatants. One must specify additional conditions to hold for the cumulative fire effectivenesses of the primary weapon systems in order to develop correct victory-prediction conditions. The inadequacy of previous victory-prediction results is explained by examining (for the linear combat model without the supporting fires) new “exact” victory-prediction conditions, which show that even the range of possible battle outcomes may be significantly different for variable-coefficient and constant-coefficients models.
Automated Thermoplastic Holographic Camera Development

We report in this paper the development of an automated thermoplastic holographic camera which produces reproducible results from cycle-to-cycle and from sample to sample. Design innovations and performance characterization of the camera are described; its use in holographic interferometry is also illustrated.© (1980) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Exploring Memory Hierarchy Design with Emerging Memory Technologies

This book equips readers with tools for computer architecture of high performance, low power, and high reliability memory hierarchy in computer systems based on emerging memory technologies, such as STTRAM, PCM, FBDRAM, etc. The techniques described offer advantages of high density, near-zero static power, and immunity to soft errors, which have the potential of overcoming the memory wall. The authors discuss memory design from various perspectives: emerging memory technologies are employed in the memory hierarchy with novel architecture modification; hybrid memory structure is introduced to leverage advantages from multiple memory technologies; an analytical model named Moguls is introduced to explore quantitatively the optimization design of a memory hierarchy; finally, the vulnerability of the CMPs to radiation-based soft errors is improved by replacing different levels of on-chip memory with STT-RAMs.
Cultural studies of education: filming fluid subjectivities in Indonesian universities

AbstractThis article focuses on the Indonesian film Cin(T)a, which features the interfaith and multiethnic love between two college students. I apply intergroup contact theory, critical pedagogy and grounded cosmopolitanism to the reading of the movie in order to demonstrate two key points. First, higher education is a contact zone, where grounded (i.e. ethnic, religious, and national) and cosmopolitan (i.e. humanist and global) allegiances converge. Second, cultural studies are significant to the field of education, especially when they expand beyond the Anglo-American axis. They complicate ‘given’ notions of culture and demonstrate how cultural artefacts, like films, are pedagogical instruments. My methodology relies on film analysis, campus observations and interviews with the film-maker as well as with 65 college students, faculty and administrators.
Experimental Studies and Model Analysis of Noble Gas Fractionation in Porous Media

The noble gases, which are chemically inert under normal terrestrial conditions but vary systematically across a wide range of atomic mass and diffusivity, offer a multicomponent approach to investigating gas dynamics in unsaturated soil horizons, including transfer of gas between saturated zones, unsaturated zones, and the atmosphere. To evaluate the degree to which fractionation of noble gases in the presence of an advective–diffusive flux agrees with existing theory, a simple laboratory sand column experiment was conducted. Pure CO 2 was injected at the base of the column, providing a series of constant CO 2 fluxes through the column. At five fixed sampling depths within the system, samples were collected for CO 2 and noble gas analyses, and ambient pressures were measured. Both the advection–diffusion and dusty gas models were used to simulate the behavior of CO 2 and noble gases under the experimental conditions, and the simulations were compared with the measured depth-dependent concentration profiles of the gases. Given the relatively high permeability of the sand column (5 × 10 −11 m 2 ), Knudsen diffusion terms were small, and both the dusty gas model and the advection–diffusion model accurately predicted the concentration profiles of the CO 2 and atmospheric noble gases across a range of CO 2 flux from ∼700 to 10,000 g m −2 d −1 . The agreement between predicted and measured gas concentrations demonstrated that, when applied to natural systems, the multi-component capability provided by the noble gases can be exploited to constrain component and total gas fluxes of non-conserved (CO 2 ) and conserved (noble gas) species or attributes of the soil column relevant to gas transport, such as porosity, tortuosity, and gas saturation.
Rapid Detection of Bacteria in a Water Distribution System

A water distribution system may be contaminated by bacteria through cross-connections, by intrusion of soil water after a pressure loss due to a power blackout…
Truman's Plan for Victory: National Self-Determination and the Thirty-Eighth Parallel Decision in Korea

Although historians have devoted considerable attention in recent years to Harry S. Truman's foreign policy, one incident has escaped significant controversy. Few writers challenge the conclusion that Truman's decision to cross the thirty-eighth parallel and seek forcible reunification of the Korean peninsula was ill-considered and disastrous. American military operations north of the parallel constituted a clear escalation of hostilities and prompted Chinese intervention in the Korean conflict. Subsequently, American involvement in the prolonged and costly military stalemate undermined Truman's leadership both at home and abroad. Some scholars have argued that Truman's primary motive for ordering American combat forces across the thirty-eighth parallel was political gain. Popular happiness over Korean reunification would increase sharply the popularity of the Democratic party and lead to a sweep of the 1950 midterm congressional elections.' Domestic politics may have been an important consideration, but Truman ultimately decided to cross the thirty-eighth parallel because he believed that the reunification of Korea would inflict a momentous defeat on the strategy of Soviet expansion. Once the United States destroyed the North Korean army, the administration was confident that a united Korea would reject the communist model for national development. In crossing the parallel, Truman sought to guarantee for all Koreans the right of national self-determination. Truman's decision to cross the thirty-eighth parallel was in large part the outgrowth of past policy. Ever since the Cairo Conference in December 1943, Washington's objective in Korea had been the creation of an independent,
Surfactant-controlled polymerization of semiconductor clusters to quantum dots through competing step-growth and living chain-growth mechanisms.

This article reports control of the competition between step-growth and living chain-growth polymerization mechanisms in the formation of cadmium chalcogenide colloidal quantum dots (QDs) from CdSe(S) clusters by varying the concentration of anionic surfactant in the synthetic reaction mixture. The growth of the particles proceeds by step-addition from initially nucleated clusters in the absence of excess phosphinic or carboxylic acids, which adsorb as their anionic conjugate bases, and proceeds indirectly by dissolution of clusters, and subsequent chain-addition of monomers to stable clusters (Ostwald ripening) in the presence of excess phosphinic or carboxylic acid. Fusion of clusters by step-growth polymerization is an explanation for the consistent observation of so-called “magic-sized” clusters in QD growth reactions. Living chain-addition (chain addition with no explicit termination step) produces QDs over a larger range of sizes with better size dispersity than step-addition. Tuning the molar ratio...
A Matrix Approach to Numerical Integration

(1964). A Matrix Approach to Numerical Integration. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 71, No. 4, pp. 391-398.
Receptor Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase γ, CO2 Sensing in Proximal Tubule and Acid Base Homeostasis.

The proper balance between acids and bases in the circulation is essential for systemic pH homeostasis, which, in turn, plays a critical role in the operation of biologic systems, ranging from cellular enzymes to chemical reactions, and encompassing every possible tissue or organ, including cardiac
Breakthrough Medical Devices and the 21st Century Cures Act

In 2012, Congress gave the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) authority to designate new drugs with promise of substantial benefit as “breakthrough” drugs and then take steps to expedite their...
Hematologic effects of cardiac disease.

Mechanical hemolysis following insertion of prosthetic heart valves is a well known problem. In addition, there are a number of less common associations of disease states with cyanotic or congenital heart disease.
Trends in scientific interest of the American Broncho-Esophagological Association.

Objectives: The specialty of otolaryngology in the United States has changed dramatically over the past century, and this is particularly true in the field of bronchoesophagology, which has evolved from a new specialty at the beginning of the 20th century to one that is now multidisciplinary and further subspecialized. The purpose of this report was to trace the evolution of bronchoesophagology over the past 60 years by examining and quantitating the scientific subject matter of the annual meetings of the American Broncho-Esophagological Association (ABEA). Methods: The Transactions of the ABEA annual meetings from the 1940s to the present day were examined in depth for subject matter, and articles were categorized by topic. Each decade was represented by 3 years. Data were sorted into 3 domains: 1) anatomic area, 2) adult versus pediatric, and 3) subject matter, including neoplasms, infectious diseases, foreign bodies, technologies, function, and trauma. The overall changes were quantified to outline the direction and interests of the ABEA. Results: We reviewed 483 scientific articles from the 1940s into the present decade, with a mean of 69.7 papers (SD, 32.4) representing each decade. Bronchology and pulmonology decreased in percentage of papers, from 43% and 17.9% in 1940 to 1.7% and 2.6%, respectively, in the 2000s. Laryngology evolved from 12.5% to 58.1 %. Esophagology peaked in the 1950s at 35.7%, dropped to 4% in the 1980s, and then rose to its present-day level of 15.4%. Trends were also discernible in gastric and tracheal areas. Pediatric topics rose to 26.7% in the 1980s, then declined to their present level of 12.8%. Topics related to aerodigestive tract function increased from 3.6% to 34.2%, and presentation of technology declined from 23.2% in the 1940s to nil in the 2000s. Trends in neoplasms, infectious diseases, foreign bodies, and trauma were less significant. Conclusions: Analysis of the data reveals changing trends in the focus of the ABEA. The changing focus of the ABEA has paralleled scientific advances in our field, as well as the rise of other subspecialties such as interventional pulmonology and gastroenterology.
Introduction to Python

General Information Quick Overview This chapter is not a comprehensive manual of Python. Its sole aim is to provide sufficient information to give you a good start if you are unfamiliar with Python. If you know another computer language, and presumably you do, it is not difficult to pick up the rest as you go. Python is an object-oriented language that was developed in late 1980s as a scripting language (the name is derived from the British television show Monty Python's Flying Circus). Although Python is not as well known in engineering circles as some other languages, it has a considerable following in the programming community—in fact, Python is considerably more widespread than Fortran. Python may be viewed as an emerging language, since it is still being developed and refined. In the current state, it is an excellent language for developing engineering applications—it possesses a simple elegance that other programming languages cannot match. Python programs are not compiled into machine code, but are run by an interpreter . The great advantage of an interpreted language is that programs can be tested and debugged quickly, allowing the user to concentrate more on the principles behind the program and less on programming itself. Since there is no need to compile, link and execute after each correction, Python programs can be developed in a much shorter time than equivalent Fortran or C programs.
CHAPTER 9 – Relevance of Microevolutionary Processes to Higher Level Molecular Systematics

The chapter reviews studies of molecular evolution in birds that illustrate how molecular and population phenomena observable within species can affect both the analysis and outcome of patterns observed when comparing sequences from representatives of higher taxa. It also explores the implications of intraspecific polymorphism for higher level molecular systematics, the application of patterns of nucleotide substitution inferred from lower level comparisons to phylogenetic analyses of higher taxa, the effect of incomplete lineage sorting and hybridization gene trees among higher taxa, the effect of population structure on the dating of vicariant biogeographic splits, and the impact of selection occurring within species on patterns of diversity and phylogenetic analysis of long-diverged sequences. One may conclude that molecular evolutionary studies of birds below the species level have more than passing relevance for higher level systematics and those useful insights can be gained by simultaneous analysis at both levels. Embedding the focal species in its appropriate phylogenetic context is often the only way of determining the direction of evolutionary trends and of adding rigor to the writing of “evolutionary chronicles.”
Big Pharma: Pharmaceutical Dominance of Science

This chapter focuses on the deliberate misrepresentation of scientific facts by Big Pharma and the devastating consequences that affect an unsuspecting public. This kind of fraudulent activity forces scientists to make compromises to the ideals of science of a different and more pernicious kind than those made for national security or the marketplace. The central role the health-care industry plays in contemporary culture and our well-being makes this area of research and development ofparticular urgency for critical evaluation.
Does it Need to be New to be Novel

One area of my research for the past 9-years has been studying electrical stimulation and healing of chronic wounds [1-9]. The mention of electrical stimulation as a modality is not new, and too many, not novel (or evidence-based). Electrical stimulation has been used as a modality to decrease pain for over 100 years. It was FDA approved by the United States for increasing blood flow. Numerous papers have been published over the past 50 years on electrical stimulation for its ability to decrease pain, facilitate strength, increase blood flow and heal wounds. This modality is not novel anymore, or is it? I believe looking at 3 main areas can help us become an evidence based consumer of a modality so it may become novel in your practice.
ECHO: instantaneous in situ race detection in the IDE

We present ECHO, a new technique that detects data races instantaneously in the IDE while developers code. ECHO is the first technique of its kind for incremental race detection supporting both code addition and deletion in the IDE. Unlike conventional static race detectors, ECHO warns developers of potential data races immediately as they are introduced into the program. The core underpinning ECHO is a set of new change-aware static analyses based on a novel static happens-before graph that, given a program change, efficiently compute the change-relevant information without re-analyzing the whole program. Our evaluation within a Java environment on both popular benchmarks and real- world applications shows promising results: for each code addition, or deletion, ECHO can instantly pinpoint all the races in a few milliseconds on average, three to four orders of magnitude faster than a conventional whole-program race detector with the same precision.
The Logic behind a Physical-Organic Chemist's Research Topics.

Although my research has no common theme or defining area, a coherence connects the diverse topics insofar as one project leads logically to another. Thus, studies on mechanisms of hydrogen exchange in amides and amidines led to the influence of hydrogen bonding and to NMR methods for chemical kinetics, including 2D-EXSY spectroscopy. Another connection was the OH–-catalyzed NH exchange in amines that had supported the hypothesis of stereoelectronic control. We therefore analyzed that hypothesis critically, tested it, found counterexamples, and proposed an alternative hypothesis. We next addressed one-bond NMR coupling constants in ethers and the reverse anomeric effect. The latter studies required a highly accurate NMR titration method that we developed to measure the additional steric bulk resulting from protonation of a substituent. This method is also applicable to measuring secondary isotope effects on acidity, and we could demonstrate that they arise from n-σ* delocalization, not from an inductive e...
Managers at Work: How Six Sigma Improves R&D

(2003). Managers at Work: How Six Sigma Improves R&D. Research-Technology Management: Vol. 46, No. 2, pp. 12-15.
Wireless Synchronization and Spatial Combining of Widely Spaced mm-Wave Arrays in 65-nm CMOS

This paper presents the first wirelessly synchronized multichip array (WSMA) in 65-nm CMOS. The proposed architecture makes use of a central wireless signal to synchronize an mm-wave array, eliminating the need for connecting wires between the array elements. Wireless injection locking of a single chip is successfully demonstrated, and a 3-dB linewidth of 400 Hz at a carrier frequency of 50 GHz is achieved (stability ratio of 8 ppb). In addition, a two-element WSMA with an array aperture greater than 20 wavelengths is demonstrated using the proposed transceiver architecture. The reported transceiver includes a receiving on-chip antenna, a low-noise amplifier, an injection-locked voltage-controlled oscillator, a buffer amplifier, an in-phase/quadrature generator, a phase shifter, a power amplifier, and a transmitting on-chip antenna. The chip is fabricated in a 65-nm CMOS process and occupies an area of 1.7 mm $\times 3.8$ mm. This paper sets the foundation for increasing the array aperture through wireless injection locking, extending traditional array systems into the high-resolution, narrow-beamwidth regime.
Drag Keats: Mark Doty’s Cockney Poetics

ABSTRACTIn the American poet Mark Doty’s books of the 1990s, allusions to Keats are so frequent and so pronounced as to make Keats appear a kind of presider to the poetry. Doty’s lyrics may often be elegiac in tone, but his use of Keats is neither elegiac nor nostalgic. I see Doty’s style in these early books as enacting a reading of the critical possibility of Keats’s style, one that corroborates the insights of recent materialist scholarship on Keats. I understand Doty’s queer poetics as strategically employing a kind of Cockney poetics. Where for many contemporary poets Keats functions as the icon of lyric tradition or authenticity of “experience,” Doty, working within the lyric tradition, connects Keats to drag, kitsch, and simulation. I propose D. W. Winnicott’s notion of “object use” as a model for this irreverently allusive “use” of Keats.
The Effect of Non-Contingent Success On People's Desire for High Process Fairness

A central tenet of organizational justice theory and research is that people prefer decisions to be made with higher than with lower process fairness. The results of three studies identified a boundary condition for this general tendency. Drawing on the self-handicapping literature in social psychology, we found that people who experienced non-contingent success had less of a desire for high process fairness relative to their counterparts who experienced contingent success. Furthermore, results attributable to other independent variables, namely regulatory focus in Study 2 and self-affirmation in Study 3, shed light on the underlying mechanism: people experience non-contingent success as self- threatening and lower their desire for high process fairness in the service of protecting themselves against the threat. Theoretical implications for the organizational justice and self-handicapping literatures are discussed, as are limitations and practical implications.
High Fidelity Reconstructed Attitude Estimation Using Cassini Flight Telemetry

The Cassini Grand Finale capped the 20 year Cassini mission with 22 one-week-long orbits each with periapsis inside the ring plane just above Saturn’s cloud tops. One aspect of these remarkable orbits was unprecedented measurements of Saturn’s magnetic field very close to the planet. Processing this data required precise estimates of Cassini’s orientation during these ring plane crossings. These periods coincided with planned gyro-only attitude propagation due to the enormous bright bodies in the star tracker field-of-view. This paper describes how attitude reacquisition information, when the star tracker reacquires an absolute inertial reference, can be used to correct errors introduced during gyro-only propagation. The resulting high fidelity reconstruction significantly improves the extraction of Saturn’s magnetic field from the raw data obtained during gyro-only periods when Cassini’s changing orientation makes precise attitude estimation a challenge.