cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Astrogliosis in juvenile non-human primates 2 years after infant anaesthesia exposure.

Abstract Background Infant anaesthesia causes acute brain cell apoptosis, and later in life cognitive deficits and behavioural alterations, in non-human primates (NHPs). Various brain injuries and neurodegenerative conditions are characterised by chronic astrocyte activation (astrogliosis). Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), an astrocyte-specific protein, increases during astrogliosis and remains elevated after an injury. Whether infant anaesthesia is associated with a sustained increase in GFAP is unknown. We hypothesised that GFAP is increased in specific brain areas of NHPs 2 yr after infant anaesthesia, consistent with prior injury. Methods Eight 6-day-old NHPs per group were exposed to 5 h isoflurane once (1×) or three times (3×), or to room air as a control (Ctr). Two years after exposure, their brains were assessed for GFAP density changes in the primary visual cortex (V1), perirhinal cortex (PRC), hippocampal subiculum, amygdala, and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). We also assessed concomitant microglia activation and hippocampal neurogenesis. Results Compared with controls, GFAP densities in V1 were increased in exposed groups (Ctr: 0.208 [0.085–0.427], 1×: 0.313 [0.108–0.533], 3×: 0.389 [0.262–0.652]), whereas the density of activated microglia was unchanged. In addition, GFAP densities were increased in the 3× group in the PRC and the subiculum, and in both exposure groups in the amygdala, but there was no increase in the OFC. There were no differences in hippocampal neurogenesis among groups. Conclusions Two years after infant anaesthesia, NHPs show increased GFAP without concomitant microglia activation in specific brain areas. These long-lasting structural changes in the brain caused by infant anaesthesia exposure may be associated with functional alterations at this age.
QoE-aware Assignment and Scheduling of Video Streams in Heterogeneous Cellular Networks

Managing Quality of Experience (QoE) for users streaming videos over cellular networks (e.g., 4G LTE net-works) is an important problem. In this paper, we consider the problem of streaming multiple variable bit rate (VBR) video streams to users over heterogeneous cellular networks (HetNets) comprising of a cellular infrastructure and storage-enabled femtocells that are capable of caching content. We assume that each user can be connected to multiple femtocells simultaneously with the wireless channel quality between users and femtocells varying spatially as well as temporally. We address the joint assignment and scheduling problem, where the assignment problem is to match users to femtocells from where the video can be downloaded and the scheduling problem is to fairly allocate time slots to the different users that are assigned to the same femtocell. Our objective is to maximize the total bit rate received by the users considering all femtocells, subject to the QoE-based video streaming constraint that the number of stalls received by the users is bounded. We formulate the joint assignment and scheduling problem as an optimization problem and develop QoE-aware greedy algorithms that tackle the assignment and scheduling problems separately. We conduct trace-based experiments using real-world 4G LTE wireless connectivity and VBR video traces and demonstrate that our solution outperforms baselines in terms of average number of stalls per user (48% less on average) and results in a fair distribution of stalls across all users.
Flow reduction of hydrocarbon liquid in silica nanochannel: Insight from many-body dissipative particle dynamics simulations

Abstract A modified many-body dissipative particle dynamics (mDPD) model recently developed for realistic mesoscale multiphase flow simulations is rigorously parameterized, calibrated, and applied for elucidating the flow mechanisms of hydrocarbon liquids (i.e., heptane in this work) in amorphous silica cylindrical nanochannels with inner diameters ranging from 4.5 to 22.5 nm. The simulation results suggest the presence of a strong threshold of pressure gradient under which heptane cannot be driven to flow. The threshold for the 4.5 nm diameter pore is 10 to 100 times as high as for the 9–22.5 nm diameter pore, highlighting a remarkable nanoconfinement effect. Fluid viscosity is found to exhibit a shear-thinning phenomenon with intensity to weaken with increasing channel diameter — a phenomenon not observed in nanochannel flow of liquid water and gas in literature. Most remarkably, the radial profiles of average longitudinal flow velocity fitted by the modified Hagen-Poiseuille equation showed a negative slip length (−2.5% to −0.5% relative to the diameter) and a reduction of apparent permeability by 16% to 23%. This finding suggests silica nanochannels tend to deter hydrocarbon flow, a phenomenon that is opposed to the flow enhancement reported in most of the prior nanochannel flow studies in literature.
Parents' perception of fall risk and incidence of falls in the pediatric ambulatory environment.

Abstract Purpose To identify the parents' perspective of fall incidence and risks in the pediatric ambulatory environment. Design and methods A prospective descriptive correlational study was conducted in two large quaternary pediatric hospitals. Parents who accompanied their children to the clinic appointment were surveyed about falls their child experienced while at the clinic. Parent reported falls were compared to those reported in adverse event reporting systems (AERS) for the same period. Results Data from 2327 completed parent surveys were analyzed. Parents reported 48 children fell and 139 falls. Only three falls were recorded in the AERS. Stepwise logistic regression was used to identify predictors of falls and a nomogram was created from the final model to facilitate patient fall risk screening. Three predictors of falls were identified: children under the age of five, children described by their parents as falling more at home than other children of the same age, and children who had a medical condition that impacts their ability to walk. A nomogram is provided to estimate the probability of falling for patients under 18 years of age in the ambulatory environment. Conclusions Parents may provide more reliable data regarding the incidence and risk factors for falls in the ambulatory environment than AERS, and it is possible to predict the probability of a fall given information from the parents. Practice implications Knowing who is at risk for falls creates opportunities for organizations to modify clinic procedures, train staff, and create physical environments that promote increased patient safety.
The Effects of Consuming White Button Mushroom Agaricus bisporus on the Brain and Liver Metabolome Using a Targeted Metabolomic Analysis

A targeted metabolomic analysis was performed on tissues derived from pigs fed diets supplemented with white button mushrooms (WBM) to determine the effect on the liver and brain metabolome. Thirty-one pigs were fed a grower diet alone or supplemented with either three or six servings of freeze-dried WBM for six weeks. Tissue metabolomes were analyzed using targeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) combined with chemical similarity enrichment analysis (ChemRICH) and correlated to WBM-induced changes in fecal microbiome composition. Results indicated that WBM can differentially modulate metabolites in liver, brain cortex and hippocampus of healthy pigs. Within the glycero-phospholipids, there was an increase in alkyl-acyl-phosphatidyl-cholines (PC-O 40:3) in the hippocampus of pigs fed six servings of WBM. A broader change in glycerophospholipids and sphingolipids was detected in the liver with a reduction in several lipid species in pigs fed both WBM diets but with an increase in amino acids known as precursors of neurotransmitters in the cortex of pigs fed six servings of WBM. Metabolomic changes were positively correlated with increased abundance of Cryomorphaceae, Lachnospiraceae, Flammeovirgaceae and Ruminococcaceae in the microbiome suggesting that WBM can also positively impact tissue metabolite composition.
Multithreading: Fundamental Limits, Potential Gains, and Alternatives

Multithreading as a means of tolerating latency, enabling powerful parallel languages, and exposing parallelism is critically examined in order to identify its fundamental limits and potential gains. A simple analytical model shows how the performance gain due to multithreading is related to switch cost, remote reference frequency, and outstanding message capacity. Examination of current networks shows that they support only limited multithreading, due to overhead, channel, and volumetric constraints. Compiler-controlled multithreading is proposed as an alternative to hardware multithreading to make effective use of the processor with a limited number of communication threads. The approach is illustrated by a simple parallel language, Split-C, with split-phase remote references and a novel compilation methodology, TAM, for powerful parallel languages which require dynamic scheduling of a large number of threads.
Radical Neck Dissection

Neck dissections for the en bloc removal of cervical lymph nodes come in a variety of shapes and sizes. The radical neck dissection is the standard procedure to which all other neck dissections are compared. It includes resection of the sternocleidomastoid muscle, the internal jugular vein, the spinal accessory nerve, and the lymph nodes from levels I to V. The goal of the surgical pathologist in evaluating these specimens is simply to identify the number of lymph nodes involved by tumor at each level.
Making an Impact in HIV and AIDS: NGO Experiences of Scaling Up

PART I Background and Definitions Chapter 1 The Importance and Urgency of Scaling Up HIV/AIDS Responses Introduction Why Scaling Up is Important The Urgency of Scaling Up HIV/AIDS Responses What is Meant by 'Scaling Up' in the Development Literature? Chapter 2 Defining Scaling Up in the Context of AIDS: Different Perspectives Top Down vs. Bottom Up: A Question of Vantage Gauging Impact Sustaining What? Scaling Up as a Process A Dynamic Relationship between Prevention, Care and Mitigation Chapter 3 Trade-Offs and Difficult Choices Preserving Organisational Values Maintaining Quality vs. Expanding Coverage A Question of Focus PART II Strategic Considerations Chapter 4 Strategies for Scaling Up of Relevance to HIV/AIDS Approaches to Scaling Up in the Development Literature: Relevance to HIV/AIDS A Proposed Framework for Scaling Up in HIV/AIDS Strategy 1: Organisational Expansion Strategy 2: Catalysing Others Strategy 3: Diffusion Strategy 4: Influencing Policy and Legislation Strategy 5: Mainstreaming in Development Chapter 5 Partnerships and Alliances Government /NGO Relations NGO-CBO Collaboration NGO-Health Services Collaboration NGO-Research Collaboration NGO-Private Sector Collaboration Chapter 6 Why and When to Scale Up The Importance of Context Motivations for Scaling Up To Scale Up or Not? Chapter 7 Considering Cost The Contributions and Limitations of Costing Studies An Economist's Perspective Understanding the Concepts of Cost The Difficulties of Measuring Costs The Challenge of Applying Costing Analyses to NGOs' Scaling Up Experiences Lessons from the Case Studies Concerning Costs Chapter 8 Challenges in Scaling Up HIV/AIDS Efforts Risks and Concerns about Scaling Up in General Donor Funding Cultural and Political Resistance Greater Visibility Promoting 'Community Participation'/Facilitating Community Response Incorporating Diversity The Pace of Scaling Up Risk of Failure PART III Institutional Implications Chapter 9 Internal Dimensions of Scaling Up Preparing for Scaling Up Changes in Institutional Culture and Processes Involving Volunteers Leadership Capacity Resources and Making Sure They Are Sufficient Documentation and Evaluation Chapter 10 Implications for Donors and NGO Support Organisations in HIV/AIDS Levels of Funding and Timescale of Support Building Absorptive Capacity Avoiding the 'One Size Fits All' Approach Evolution of Approaches to Scaling Up Among Donors and NGO Support Organisations Conclusion Appendix List of Workshop Participants Glossary References Further Reading Index
Building a Better Stock Market: New Solutions to Old Problems

In just the past few years, the U.S. equity markets have experienced, among other things, the growth of electronic communications networks (ECNs), the breathtaking expansion of internet trading, and the NASD's acquisition of the American Stock Exchange. Around the world, we have also witnessed the disappearance of trading floors. The astonishing pace of change is attributable to the convergence of three powerful forces: advances in computer technology, intensified competition, and regulatory intervention in market structure. What should be the competitive responses of Nasdaq and the New York Stock Exchange? What effect will these profound changes have on the provision of dealer services and on the quality of our markets? This paper surveys the current scene and addresses these questions. In so doing, we give particular attention to issues concerning the price discovery function of a market place, and to problems concerning liquidity, volatility, and order flow consolidation that have not been resolved after a quarter of a century of extensive analysis and public debate. We also consider the role of a call auction in a hybrid market structure. A call auction is a form of trading that died out in the pre-computer age but is making its reentrance today as an electronic marketplace. In contrast with a continuous market where a transaction is made any time a buy and sell order meet in price, in call auctions orders are batched together and executed in multilateral trades at specific points in time. We suggest that the problems we are facing concerning liquidity, volatility and price discovery are largely endemic to the continuous market, and that the introduction of electronic call auction trading in the U.S. would be the most important innovation in market structure that can be made.
Immersive Virtual Environments Versus Traditional Platforms: Effects of Violent and Nonviolent Video Game Play

An experiment focused on the effects of platform (desktop computer, immersive virtual environment; IVE), content (violent, nonviolent), and player gender on video game play outcomes. Results revealed an interaction such that participants reported higher levels of aggressive feelings when playing a violent video game in an IVE compared to violent game play on a desktop platform or nonviolent game play on either platform. Physiological results supported these findings. No gender effects were found, nor did platform intensify any effects for nonviolent game play. The findings suggest that the intensifying effects of IVEs for game play and aggression are content specific and provide further evidence that attention to playing platform is crucial in understanding violent video game effects.
Naturalistic Foundations of the Idea of the Holy: Darwinian Roots of Rudolf Otto’s Theology

The very influential theoretical concepts proposed by Rudolf Otto in his 1917 classic The Idea of the Holy are often seen as examples of properly religious content that cannot be approached by any other means except religious. This conclusion is challenged by closer readings of Otto’s writings on naturalism and religion where he, despite of being at times critical of some versions of naturalism, expresses his thorough commitment to naturalist ic explanations. Otto’s views are presented as compatible with recent cognitive-scientific theories of religion and as a constructive contribution to the scientific study of religion. Otto’s theological position, because it is based on his naturalism, is a possible methodological framework for further studies in religion and science in general and cognitive science of religion in particular.
MT-Nanotubes: Lifelines for Stem Cells

Niche cells produce secreted factors that promote the self-renewal of stem cells in their immediate proximity, but how signaling is restricted to stem cells is not well understood. Inaba et al. (2015) report that microtubule (MT) structures called MT-nanotubes control activation of the primary self-renewal pathway in Drosophila testes.
Metabolic syndrome in bipolar disorder: findings from the Bipolar Disorder Center for Pennsylvanians.

Objective: This study sought to evaluate the presence of the metabolic syndrome in a group of 171 patients with bipolar disorder who were consecutively recruited in the Bipolar Disorder Center for Pennsylvanians. Methods: Data were collected from participants entering the Bipolar Disorder Center for Pennsylvanians protocol between 2003 and 2004. The study focused on the presence of the metabolic syndrome, as defined by the National Cholesterol Education Program Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation And Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (NCEP ATP III). Results: Thirty percent of the sample met the NCEP ATP III criterion for the metabolic syndrome, 49% met the criterion for abdominal obesity, 41% met the criterion for hypertriglyceridemia, 48% met the criterion for hypertriglyceridemia or were on a cholesterol-lowering medication, 23% met the criterion for low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, 39% met the criterion for hypertension and 8% met the criterion for high fasting glucose or antidiabetic medication use. Patients with the metabolic syndrome and patients endorsing the obesity criterion were more likely (p = 0.05 and p = 0.004, respectively) to report a lifetime history of suicide attempt/s. Conclusions: The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in patients with bipolar disorder is alarmingly high, as it is for the general population. The prevalence of obesity is even higher than the already very high prevalence that has been estimated for the US general population. Our findings are a reason for concern, considering the difficulty in implementing prevention and treatment programs in the bipolar population. We strongly support the development and testing of interventions specifically designed for preventing and treating the metabolic syndrome and its components in patients with bipolar disorder.
Optimizing Fourier Series Based Gaits for Modular Robots Using an Evolutionary Algorithm

A new method of controlling and optimizing robotic gaits for a modular robotic system is presented in this paper. A robotic gait is implemented on a robotic system consisting of three Mobot modules for a total of twelve degrees of freedom using a Fourier series representation for the periodic motion of each joint. The gait implementation allows robotic modules to perform synchronized gaits with little or no communication with each other making it scalable to increasing numbers of modules. The coefficients of the Fourier series are optimized by a genetic algorithm to find gaits which move the robot cluster quickly and efficiently across flat terrain. Simulated and experimental results show that the optimized gaits can have over twice as much speed as randomly generated gaits.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
‘Le Musée d'Art au Hasard’: responses of Black Paris to French museum culture

Abstract During the colonial period, Black Paris began to respond to French museum culture. From the 1930s to the 1970s, Josephine Baker maintained a close association with French museum culture. Other voices from Black Paris surfaced surrounding the Presence Africaine journal in 1947 and the turbulent debates of the 1950s. In the 1980s, the rediscovery of contemporary and popular arts led to a virtual explosion in French gallery and museum spaces. From the Centre Georges Pompidou to the Musee Dapper, new environments arose for the display of African art. Globalization and commercialization cordoned the gap between ‘authentic’ collectibles and contemporary pieces in museums and galleries. Museums reflect symbolic conflicts between the metropole and the excolonies and between the center of Paris and the peripheral banlieues. Drawing on case studies from three historical periods, this article examines the influence of new forms of aesthetic display and artistic diffusion. It also explores the roles of cultu...
ENHANCED TRITIATED THYMIDINE (3HT) UPTAKE IN OSTEOSARCOMA CELLS IN VITRO BY PATIENT'S OWN SERUM; SUPPRESSION OF 3 HT UPTAKE WITH 17B ESTRADIOL (E 2 )

The effects of hormone and hormone-sera combinations on 3HT uptake by osteosarcoma tumor cells were evaluated. Multiple studies consistently showed a five-fold enhancement of 3HT uptake by serum from an osteosarcoma patient, compared to control inactivated serum, and 2x enhancement compared to normal human serum. Thymidine uptake factor corresponds to somatomedin. As somatomedin regulates bone and cartilage growth, 17B Estradiol, a known inhibitor of somatomedin, was tested in physiologic ranges: 80 pg/ml and 200 pg/ml. Inhibition of SHT uptake was 14% and 22%, respectively. These data support our ongoing and previous clinical and biochemical evidence that osteosarcoma patients may have elevated somatomedin; i.e. high tumor incidence at adolescence when somatomedin is highest, abnormal glucose tolerance and insulin levels. Estrogen therapy could be beneficial in management of this disorder.
Treadmill exercise training in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Eight men and six women with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) performed a pulmonary function test and a treadmill exercise stress test before and after an individualized training program, which nominally consisted of three 20-minute sessions of treadmill exercise per week for five consecutive weeks. Training sessions were terminated before 20 minutes if there were subjective complaints, or if the subject's heart rate reached 80% of the maximum heart rate observed during the pretraining stress test. This program failed to improve any of the pulmonary function test parameters (lung volumes, airflows, maximum voluntary ventilation, and resting levels of blood gases) and failed to improve most exercise stress test parameters (maximum oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production, respiratory exchange ratio, and heart rate at termination of exercise). This program, however, did increase the group's average stress test time from 9.0-13.7 minutes (p less than 0.001) and increased the total external work (calculated from the sum of its vertical and horizontal components) from 3.5-6.8kcal (p less than 0.01). Eight of the 11 subjects who initially received 2L/min of 100% oxygen, via a nasal cannula, to alleviate dyspnea and to promote endurance were completely weaned from supplemental oxygen by the end of the training program. These findings demonstrate that a treadmill exercise program based on stress test data can increase the efficiency (external work per unit of oxygen consumed) and thus, the exercise tolerance, of persons with severe COPD.
Slippage and migration in models of dilute wormlike micellar solutions and polymeric fluids

Abstract This paper introduces a new mathematical model for a dilute complex fluid based on a Hookean bead-spring mechanism. The new model couples constitutive equations with number density and includes bead slippage which manifests itself in higher-order corrections. In the case of simple shear flows, we compute steady solutions and determine the linear stability of this model along the flow curve. The linear stability indicates a selection mechanism for multi-valued regions of the flow curve in stress-controlled experiments. We find that the model provides a physically reasonable extension to existing models and exhibits desirable properties such as shear thinning and shear banding. Finally, it predicts hysteretic behavior in the effective viscosity qualitatively similar to that which has been observed in laboratory experiments.
Under the sheets.

Alice was in her 80s and appeared the quintessential grandmother: she had short, neatly-cropped gray hair and a pleasantly round face that gave her the appearance of being incapable of malediction. Her shoes were arranged neatly on the floor next to her bed; they were unmistakably non-athletic, beige “grandma shoes” with thick soles and Velcro. Her husband stood dutifully at her bedside, wearing a hat bearing a Naval emblem, identifying him as a proud veteran. I took a careful history.
Double parathyroid adenomas. Clinical and biochemical characteristics before and after parathyroidectomy.

Objective There is considerable debate about whether double parathyroid adenomas are a discrete entity or represent hyperplasia with parathyroid glands of varying sizes. This distinction is important because it impacts on the extent of parathyroid resection and the success of the parathyroid operation. Summary Background Data Double parathyroid adenomas have been reported to occur in 1.7% to 9% of patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (HPT). It is important for surgeons to differentiate between double adenoma and hyperplasia with glands of varying sizes using gross examination during the initial procedure because microscopic findings of a small biopsy specimen at frozen-section examination may not be diagnostic
Linear augmented-Slater-type-orbital method for electronic-structure calculations. IV. 5d-5d alloys.

We have used local-density calculations to study a series of transition-metal compounds which are isoelectronic with rhenium: WOs, TaIr, and HfPt. The calculations were carried out for two different crystal structures, CsCl and CuAuI. We find that the heats of formation are in reasonable accord with experiment and increase with the difference in atomic number. We also find a crossover in crystal structure from CuAuI for OsW and TaIr to CsCl for HfPt, which is consistent with experiment. Charge transfer in the series was investigated by Mulliken populations and by Wigner-Seitz sphere counts. These were compared with the shifts in contact density and core-level binding energy. We find that the change in contact density is consistent with electronegativity arguments and involves both changes in s count and d (or at least non-s) screening contributions. The changes in (initial-state) core-level binding energy do not follow the same trend\char21{}in fact, for two of the compounds, the change in binding energy relative to the Fermi energy has the same sign for the two constituents.
The negative ion mass spectra of selected nucleosides

Negative ion mass spectra of several free nucleosides as well as their trifluoroacetyl, trimethylsilyl, and 2′-o-nitrobenzyl derivatives are reported. A low ion source pressure is used so that the processes of collisional stabilization and ion/molecule reactions often associated with negative ion chemical ionization do not occur. The utility of such spectra for identification of these and similar nucleosides which may be present as unknowns is discussed. Details of modifications for acquiring negative ion mass spectra using an LKB-9000S mass spectrometer are given.
A scaling property in the reversible magnetization of anisotropic high-κ type-II superconductors

Abstract We find that the reversible magnetization M of an anisotropic high-κ type-II superconductor can be written to good approximation as −4 πM =( H c 2 / H c 2 ) Φ ( h ) for the applied field H ⪢ H c 1 , where h = H / H 2 c is the reduced field and Φ is a function of h . For the high-temperature superconductors, this property gives the relation M | c ( H )= γM | ab ( γH ) , where M 7 z . sfnc ; i is the magnetization for H parallel to the i direction and γ = H c 2| c is the anisotropy ratio. It provides a simple way to estimate γ from the reversible magnetization measurement, and we find γ ≈ 18 as a lower bound for a Bi 2 Sr 2 CaCu 2 O 8 single crystal.
Detachment faulting and amagmatic extension at mid-ocean ridges: The Josephine ophiolite as an example

Lithospheric extension at the Josephine paleo-spreading center occurred by a combination of magmatic and amagmatic processes. The amount of extension by amagmatic processes appears at least as large as that from magmatic processes. The structural processes responsible for amagmatic extension in the absence of a magma chamber appear to be normal faulting and block rotation in the brittle upper lithosphere and ductile flow in the lower lithosphere. An extensive detachment shear zone occurs beneath the fault blocks, approximately 1 km below the base of the crustal sequence. The amount of amagmatic extension can be approximated from a simple geometric model relating extension to rotations of sheeted dikes. Similarly, attenuated crustal thicknesses can be related to fault-block rotations. The results suggest that thin crustal sequences commonly observed in ophiolites and near fracture zones may result from attenuation during amagmatic extension. Furthermore, detachment faulting and block rotation may be characteristic of spreading centers where the magma budget is low.
Polar organic chemical integrative sampling and liquid chromatography-electrospray/ion-trap mass spectrometry for assessing selected prescription and illicit drugs in treated sewage effluents.

The purpose of the research presented in this paper was twofold: (1) to demonstrate the coupling of two state-of-the-art techniques: a time-weighted polar organic chemical integrative sampler (POCIS) and microliquid chromatography–electrospray/ion-trap mass spectrometry and (2) to assess the ability of these methodologies to detect six drugs (azithromycin, fluoxetine, omeprazole, levothyroxine, methamphetamine, methylenedioxymethamphetamine [MDMA]) in a real-world environment, e.g., waste water effluent. In the effluent from three wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), azithromycin was detected at concentrations ranging from 15 to 66 ng/L, which is equivalent to a total annual release of 1 to 4 kg into receiving waters. Detected and confirmed in the effluent from two WWTPs were two illicit drugs, methamphetamine and MDMA, at 2 and 0.5 ng/L, respectively. Although the ecotoxicologic significance of drugs in environmental matrices, particularly water, has not been closely examined, it can only be surmised that these substances have the potential to adversely affect biota that are continuously exposed to them even at very low levels. The potential for chronic effects on human health is also unknown but of increasing concern because of the multiuse character of water, particularly in densely populated, arid areas.
Propranolol differentially blocks the methamphetamine-induced depression of tryptophan hydroxylase in various rat brain regions

Basal tryptophan hydroxylase activity was measured in several serotonergic nerve terminal regions of the rat brain and was found to vary from one terminal region to another. Acute administration of methamphetamine produced a marked decrease in tryptophan hydroxylase activity in all serotonergic nerve terminal regions of rat brain examined. This decrease was antagonized in a regionally selective manner by propranolol. In contrast, haloperidol did not produce a similar antagonism. The results are discussed in the context of the previously reported efficacy of large doses of propranolol in some schizophrenic patients.
Rotation period of Jupiter from the observation of its magnetic field

[1] To determine the Jovian internal rotation rate, historically one has used the repetition period (periodicity) of decametric and decimetric radio waves. The period with which decametric and decimetric radio waves recur on Jupiter (the System III period) was defined by the IAU in 1965 to be 9h 55m 29.71s, based on early radio astronomical data. A more direct way to determine this period is to examine the rotation rate of the dipole field. We have done this using Galileo, Pioneer 10 and 11, Voyager 1 and 2, and Ulysses data over a 25-year period. We find a small drift in the apparent longitude of the dipole axis that is statistically significant, consistent with there being a small error in the original IAU period, one within the error expected in the defined period. The newly derived period is 9h 55m 29.704 ± 0.003s, 6ms shorter than the 1965 IAU definition, and inconsistent with the value of 9h 55m 29.685s proposed by Higgins et al. (1997).
Thrombin inactivates acidic fibroblast growth factor but not basic fibroblast growth factor.

Abstract Incubation of bovine brain derived acidic fibroblast growth factor (aFGF) with bovine or human thrombin, 0.5 NIH unit/mL, for 24 h at 37 degrees C results in cleavage of the mitogen, generating a 14-kilodalton fragment which has significantly reduced affinity for immobilized heparin as compared to aFGF, and is at least 50-fold less potent at stimulating mitogenesis. In addition, an 18 amino acid peptide, aFGF(123-140), is generated, identifying one of the thrombin cleavage sites as the Arg-122/Thr-123 bond. The peptide, aFGF(123-140), is neither mitogenic itself nor an inhibitor of the mitogenic activity of aFGF. The cleavage of aFGF by thrombin is inhibited by heparin (50 micrograms/mL) and is completely blocked by the irreversible thrombin inhibitors D-Phe-Pro-Arg chloromethyl ketone and hirudin. Incubation of aFGF with 50 units/mL thrombin at 37 degrees C results in rapid cleavage of the mitogen into several fragments. In contrast, incubation of bovine brain derived basic fibroblast growth factor with 1 unit/mL thrombin for 24 h, or 50 units/mL thrombin for 6 h, does not result in significant cleavage of mitogen. The results show that the C-terminal region of aFGF is of functional importance in both mitogenesis and heparin binding. Most importantly, a novel role for anionic heparin-binding growth factors and their fragments is indicated in physiologic and pathologic situations associated with thrombin generation.
Strategic bargaining, surplus sharing problems and the nucleolus

Abstract Suppose that n agents are trying to reach an agreement on how to split an estate over which they have claims. They do so through decentralized negotiations instead of appealing to an arbitrator. In this context, I study a consistency-based multilateral bargaining game that allows for ‘partial agreements’ and ‘bilateral negotiations’. The solution to these bilateral negotiations is influenced by the outside option of going to the ‘contested garment’ court (recommended in the Talmud for bilateral problems). When the surplus to share is negative (bankruptcy), if the proposer is the highest claimant, the unique subgame perfect equilibrium (SPE) outcome is the nucleolus. If it is someone else, multiplicity of SPE outcomes might arise. When the surplus is positive, the prenucleolus is always obtained as the unique SPE outcome of the game.
Father Involvement and Adolescent Adjustment: Longitudinal Findings from Add Health

Based on two waves of data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, evidence from 2,387 adolescents tested the hypothesis that mothers and fathers in two-parent families make unique, additive contributions to the delinquency, depressive symptoms, and alcohol use behaviors of their children. Cross-sectional and longitudinal structural equation models were used to explain variance in problematic outcomes. Before controlling for baseline scores, the cross-sectional and longitudinal results supported the conclusion that mother and father involvement explained unique variance in children’s adjustment. For delinquency and alcohol behaviors, the associations were attenuated considerably when Wave 1 behaviors were held constant. For depressive symptoms, only father involvement was a practically significant predictor. Results are discussed in light of methodological considerations pertaining to investigations of parent involvement during adolescence.
What Do Public Health Nurses Really Do During Prenatal Home Appointments

This study describes the nursing interventions and activities utilized by public health nurses in home-based delivery of care to high-risk prenatal clients. Fourteen home appointments by nine public health nurses were audiotaped, transcribed, and coded using the Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC) as the coding frame. Seven interventions accounted for approximately 83% of the nursing care during these appointments. Weak relationships were found between the interventions projected in the client's written nursing care plan, the interventions identified in the coded transcriptions, and the chart documentation of the events of the home appointment. Practice, education, and research implications are discussed.
Rhetoric and Disguise: Political Language and Political Argument in Absalom and Achitophel

“There was never more need, never greater occasion for the exercise of Moderation, than now in our Age. It's much in the common talk, and in the wishes of all sorts of men, all seem to desire and court it; and yet I believe it was never less understood, less practised.”John Evans, Moderation Stated, 1682.The ironic fate of Absalom and Achitophel is to be fully appreciated as one of the great political poems of the language and only partially comprehended as political argument. Recent criticism of the poem is marked by a widening discrepancy between the ways in which it is understood as verbal and as political artifact. Metaphor and allusion have been carefully and often subtly charted, yet the poem's political rhetoric and its political argument are assumed to be simple coordinates. The tensions, indeed the contradictions, between explicit language and implicit argument are not only unexamined but largely unperceived. The conventional reading, which has become an almost fixed critical response, argues that the poem rises above partisan politics, that it derives from a political intelligence committed to a conservative ideology but indifferent to, indeed contemptuous of, the “party color'd mind.”Generalities about Dryden's temper, the poet as philosophical sceptic, as disinterested critic of extremes, together with the seemingly ingenuous and repeated claims of moderation and balance in the Preface have led a number of critics to understand the narrator's espoused moderation as Dryden's political stance—a judgment which Dryden's contemporaries certainly did not allow.
Competition between As and P for incorporation during gas-source molecular beam epitaxy of InGaAsP

Abstract It is now well established that arsenic sticks predominantly over phosphorus during gas-source molecular beam epitaxy of InGaAsP. Although not the main parameter, the actual value of the phosphine flow rate, however, cannot be neglected when a precise alloy composition is desired. We show that the arsenic content in the solid is proportional to an effective flow rate, which is lower than the actual flow rate and is obtained after correcting for competing effects. Two effects are evidenced in this study: first, an As–P competition and second, an As–As competition which becomes sensitive for high arsine flow rates. These corrections to obtain an effective arsine flow rate are investigated quantitatively for arsenic composition ranging from 0% to 65%. These competitions for incorporation are shown to be a purely group V effect, independent of the Ga/In ratio.
Vertebrate and invertebrate tropomyosins.

AS a first step toward generalizing the relationship between tropomyosin, actin and myosin found for rabbit skeletal muscle1, we have prepared and examined tropomyosins from the different types of mammalian muscle (cardiac, uterine and smooth), from lower classes within the vertebrate phylum (amphibian, fish and cyclostome) and from representatives of different invertebrate phyla (arthropod, mollusc, echinoderm, annelid and nemertian).
Using C. elegans to screen for targets of ethanol and behavior-altering drugs

Caenorhabditis elegans is an attractive model system for determining the targets of neuroactive compounds. Genetic screens in C. elegans provide a relatively unbiased approach to the identification of genes that are essential for behavioral effects of drugs and neuroactive compounds such as alcohol. Much work in vertebrate systems has identified multiple potential targets of ethanol but which, if any, of those candidates are responsible for the behavioral effects of alcohol is uncertain. Here we provide detailed methodology for a genetic screen for mutants of C. elegans that are resistant to the depressive effects of ethanol on locomotion and for the subsequent behavioral analysis of those mutants. The methods we describe should also be applicable for use in screening for mutants that are resistant or hypersensitive to many neuroactive compounds and for identifying the molecular targets or biochemical pathways mediating drug responses.
Global stability of adaptive IIR filters based on the output error method and parameter truncation

This paper presents a rigorous proof of global stability of an adaptive infinite impulse response filter based on the output error method. The underlying idea of the developed analysis is the construction of suitable Lyapunov functions for different phases of adaptation. The considered estimator is an algorithm with a nonvanishing gain sequence. In order to prevent drift along an unstable manifold, a truncation of parameter estimates is incorporated. Such an algorithm is suitable for nonstationary signals.
The definition of biochemical failure in patients treated with definitive radiotherapy

Abstract Purpose: The American Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology (ASTRO) published a definition for biochemical failure following treatment of prostate cancer. Others have noted difficulties with interpreting this definition and recommended modifications to accommodate special recurrence patterns. We have compared various modifications to the original ASTRO definition on our series of 1213 patients treated with transperineal permanent prostate brachytherapy. Methods and Materials: The ASTRO modifications we considered adjusted for ( 1 ) early censoring of nonrecurrent patients with rising prostate-specific antigen levels (PSA), ( 2 ) cumulative rather than consecutive rises (without a decrease) as evidence of recurrence, ( 3 ) both of the above, and ( 4 ) waiting 2 years before data analysis. The Kaplan–Meier method was used to compute the effects on recurrence rate for patients treated with and without neoadjuvant hormones. Results: With the original ASTRO definition, freedom from recurrence in our series of men who did not receive neoadjuvant hormones was 83% at 4 years. All of the modifications considered had statistically insignificant effects on freedom from recurrence rates, varying from 80% to 83% at 4 years. Patients treated with neoadjuvant hormones also showed very little sensitivity to the recurrence definition employed. Conclusion: Early censoring of equivocal patients and counting cumulative rather than consecutive rises in PSA (without a decrease) had little empiric effect on the ASTRO recurrence rates. However, we favor the addition of both these modifications to the ASTRO definition on conceptual grounds for evaluating patients following any modality (radiation or surgery), whereby a trend over multiple PSA values is used to judge failure.
Horizontal coherence of wind fluctuations

The coherence for streamwise and cross-stream wind components is studied at four meteorological sites and compared with a representative wind-tunnel experiment. The coherence is approximated by a negative exponential in terms of a non-dimensional frequency, Δf and a decay parameter, a. Theoretical guidelines are developing to aid in identifying the pertinent variables affecting the decay parameters. These theoretical discussions indicate that for longitudinal separations, both the streamwise and cross-stream decay parameters are functions of roughness; the cross-stream decay parameter is a strong function of stability while the streamwise component is not. For lateral separations, it is found that both the streamwise and cross-stream decay parameters are functions of stability. Isopleths of the decay parameter are drawn on graphs with coordinates of angle and Richardson number for both the streamwise and cross-stream decay parameters of coherence. These empirical curves give an indication of the behavior of the decay parameters of coherence for a range of stabilities given by -0.9<Ri<0.08, and a range of angles between zero and ninety degrees.
Use of a Lotus 1-2-3 spreadsheet to plot the confidence and the prediction intervals in linear regression analysis

Computer-derived spreadsheet programs such as Lotus 1-2-3 are being used by many investigators for individualized statistical calculations. Spreadsheet templates have been described for the performance of simple statistical tests by non-statisticians with relatively limited computer experience. This paper describes a template for use with Lotus 1-2-3 for automatic graphic display of confidence and prediction intervals of simple linear regression analysis. The graph can be printed using the Lotus printgraph program. The program also allows comparison of the slope and the intercept of two regression lines.
ICSM: An order N method for calculating electrostatic interactions added to TINKER

Abstract We present an order N method for calculating electrostatic interactions that has been integrated into the molecular dynamics portion of the TINKER Molecular Modeling package. This method, introduced in a previous paper [Y. Lin, A. Baumketner, S. Deng, Z. Xu, D. Jacobs, W. Cai, An image-based reaction field method for electrostatic interactions in molecular dynamics simulations of aqueous solutions, J. Chem. Phys. 131 (2009) 154103] and termed the Image-Charge Solvation Model (ICSM), is a hybrid electrostatic approach that combines the strengths of both explicit and implicit representations of the solvent. A multiple-image method is used to calculate reaction fields due to the implicit part while the Fast Multipole Method (FMM) is used to calculate the Coulomb interactions for all charges, including the explicit part. The integrated package is validated through test simulations of liquid water. The results are compared with those obtained by the Particle Mesh Ewald (PME) method that is built in the TINKER package. Timing performance of TINKER with the integrated ICSM is benchmarked on bulk water as a function of the size of the system. In particular, timing analysis results show that the ICSM outperforms the PME for sufficiently large systems with the break-even point at around 30,000 particles in the simulated system.
Retrospective Data on Work Status in the 1970 Census of Population: An Attempt at Evaluation

Abstract Data from the 1970 census on work status of respondents in April 1965 are compared with those from the April 1965 Current Population Survey (CPS) for specific age-sex cohorts to gain some insight into the reliability of the retrospective data collected in 1970. The results indicate that on a net difference basis, the retrospective inquiry yielded reasonable approximations for most cohorts. The problem of gross versus net differences is reviewed briefly with respect to its implications for analyzing retrospective data.
Numerical Simulation of the Modulation Transfer Function in HgCdTe Detector Arrays

In this work, we develop a method for simulating the modulation transfer function (MTF) of infrared detector arrays, which is based on numerical evaluation of the detector physics. The finite-difference time-domain and finite element methods are used to solve the electromagnetic and electrical equations for the device, respectively. We show how the total MTF can be deconvolved to examine the effects of specific physical processes. We introduce the MTF area difference and use it to quantify the effectiveness of several crosstalk mitigation techniques in improving the system MTF. We then apply our simulation methods to two-thirds generation mercury cadmium telluride (HgCdTe) detector architectures. The methodology is general, can be implemented with commercially available software, has experimentally realizable analogs, and is extendable to other material systems and device designs.