cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Age differences in conscientiousness facets in the second half of life: Divergent associations with changes in physical health

Abstract The development of personality across the lifespan has captivated researchers for several years. However, lower order facets may show different developmental trends and divergent associations with outcomes compared to their higher order traits. In a sample of 12,762 older adults, age differences in conscientiousness and its facets were examined. Further, the degree to which conscientiousness and its facets differentially predicted physical health over a four-year period was also examined. Broader conscientiousness, orderliness, and industriousness were lowest in late life. Traditionalism and virtue were highest in late life. Responsibility was highest around age 70. Self-control did not show any significant age-related differences. Conscientiousness, orderliness, industriousness, and responsibility were most consistently related to physical health over time. The findings are discussed in the context of the mechanisms that give rise to personality development and divergent associations in outcomes among seemingly related facets.
Slow and stored light manipulations at high atomic densities

We present analysis of pulse propagation dynamics under the electromagnetically induced transparency conditions. We demonstrate optimal storage of an optical pulse of arbitrary shape, and discuss the mechanisms limiting the efficiency at high optical depths.
Oxidation-induced photoluminescence of conjugated polymers

Here, we report an unusual oxidation-induced photoluminescence (PL) turn-on response of a poly(3-alkoxythiophene), poly(3-{2-[2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethoxy}thiophene) (PEEEET). PEEEET shows a significantly red-shifted absorption spectrum compared to polyalkylthiophenes and is almost nonfluorescent (quantum yield ≪ 1%) in its pristine state. The introduction of sulfonyl defects along the polymer backbone by the oxidation of PEEEET with meta-chloroperbenzoic acid (m-CPBA) increased the emission quantum yield with the intensity increasing with the degree of oxidation. Molecular modeling data indicated that the oxidation-induced PL increase cannot be explained by the nature of monomer units and radiative rate changes. We attributed the enhanced fluorescence to the reduced nonradiative rate caused by the increased band gap, according to the energy gap law, which is consistent with the observed blue shifts in absorption and PL spectra accompanied by the PL increase.
Ocular immune privilege and CD1d-reactive natural killer T cells.

Purpose Immune privilege in the eye is, in part, associated with the development of an antigen-specific systemic tolerance termed anterior chamber-associated immune deviation (ACAID). Natural killer T (NKT) cells express T-cell receptor and natural killer (NK) markers and are classified as innate immune cells partly because they produce cytokines within minutes of signals. The aim of this study was to elucidate the role of murine NKT cells in the induction of T regulatory cells in anterior chamber-associated immune deviation. Methods Anterior chamber-associated immune deviation T regulatory cell generation ability was examined in the following NKT cell-deficient mice: SJL mice, CDld or Jalpha281 knockout (KO) mice on C57BL/6 (B6) background, and NKT cell-depleted mice. To detect T regulatory cells, splenic T cells were harvested 7 days after anterior chamber inoculation of ovalbumin (50 microg/2 microL in Hanks balanced salt solution [HBSS]), mixed with ovalbumin-primed T cells (effector) and ovalbumin-pulsed antigen-presenting cells (stimulator), and then cotransferred into the ear pinnae of a syngeneic naive mouse (local adoptive transfer assay). Ear swelling was measured 24 hours later. Results Anterior chamber-inoculated B6 mice developed T regulatory cells, but all natural killer T cell-deficient mice did not generate T regulatory cells unless they were reconstituted with natural killer T cells. We also found that the number of splenic natural killer T cells were increased in anterior chamber-inoculated B6 mice and those natural killer T cells produced IL-10. Conclusions CD1d-reactive natural killer T cells are essential for the induction of T regulatory cells in anterior chamber-associated immune deviation through their IL-10 production and are involved in the maintenance of immune privilege of the eye.
Category Theory In Geography

Is mathematical category theory a unifying tool for geography? Here we look at a few basic category theoretical ideas and interpret them in geographic example. We also offer links to indicate how category theory has been used as such in other disciplines. Finally, we announce the direction of our research program on this topic as a way to facilitate the learning, and maintenance of learning, of GIS software – and in the spirit of Quaestiones Geographicae, invite debate, comment, and contribution to this program in spatial mathematics.
Orthopaedic Management of the Child with Muscular Dystrophy

The orthopaedic care of children with MD is a demanding endeavor. Although many similarities exist, each subtype of MD can present differently. It is imperative that the proper diagnosis be confirmed so that treatment can be initiated based on knowledge of the natural history of the disease. Advancements in the medical management of MD are challenging historic recommendations for orthopaedic care. This chapter provides a brief, general overview of orthopaedic management of the most common childhood muscular dystrophies.
Aerogel Microparticles from Oil-in-Oil Emulsion Systems

This paper reports preparation of polymer aerogel microparticles via sol–gel reactions inside micrometer size droplets created in an oil-in-oil emulsion system. The oil-in-oil emulsion system is obtained by dispersing in cyclohexane the droplets of the sols of polybenzoxazine (PBZ) or polyimide (PI) prepared in dimethylformamide. The sol droplets transform into harder gel microparticles due to sol–gel reactions. Finally, the aerogel microparticles are recovered using supercritical drying of the gel microparticles. The PBZ and PI aerogel microparticles prepared in this manner show mean diameter 32.7 and 40.0 μm, respectively, mesoporous internal structures, and surface area 55.4 and 512.0 m2/g, respectively. Carbonization of PBZ aerogel microparticles maintains the mesoporous internal structures but yields narrower pore size distribution.
Overwintering and Distribution of Western Flower Thrips in the Mid-Atlantic United States

Western flower thrips (WFT), which has caused significant loss of peaches and nectarines in Pennsylvania since 1991, overwinters in south central Pennsylvania. WFT and Frankliniella tritici were monitored season-long in water traps (1992 and 1993) and flower heads of white clover, Trifolium repens L., (1993) in a nectarine orchard. WFT and F. tritici accounted for 87.0 and 10.1%, respectively, of the thrips in water traps. WFT became more numerous than F. tritici after 21 July. In a regional study WFT was recovered on clover in New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Virginia and West Virginia in sites of intensive peach and nectarine production. F. tritici was prevalent in other sites in Pennsylvania and northern Maryland.
Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin as a potential drug for intravesical treatment of bladder cancer

Abstract The current intravesical treatment of bladder cancer (BC) is limited to a few chemotherapeutics that show imperfect effectiveness and are associated with some serious complications. Thus, there is an urgent need for alternative therapies, especially for patients with high-risk non-muscle invasive (NMIBC). Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (CPE), cytolytic protein binds to its receptors: claudin 3 and 4 that are expressed in epithelial cells. This binding is followed by rapid cell death. Claudin 4 is present in several epithelial tissue including bladder urothelium and its expression is elevated in some forms of BC. In addition to directly targeting BC cells, binding of CPE to claudins increases urothelium permeability that creates conditions for better accession of the tumor. Therefore, we evaluated CPE as a candidate for intravesical treatment of BC using a cellular model. We examined cytotoxicity of CPE against BC cells lines and 3D cultures of cells derived from surgical samples. To better elucidate cellular mechanisms, activated by CPE and to consider the use of CPE non-toxic fragment (C-CPE) for combination treatment with other drugs we synthesized C-CPE, compared its cytotoxic activity with CPE and examined claudin 4 expression and intracellular localization after C-CPE treatment. CPE induced cell death after 1 h in low aggressive RT4 cells, in moderately aggressive 5637 cells and in the primary 3D cultures of BC cells derived from NMIBC. Conversely, non-transformed urothelial cells and cells derived from highly aggressive tumor (T24) survived this treatment. The reason for this resistance to CPE might be the lower expression of CLDNs or their inaccessibility for CPE in these cells. C-CPE treatment for 48 h did not affect cell viability in tested cells, but declined expression of CLDN4 in RT4 cells. C-CPE increased sensitivity of RT4 cells to Mitommycin C and Dasatinib. To better understand mechanisms of this effect we examined expression and phosphorylation status of EphA2 and Src after C-CPE treatment and found changes in expression and phosphorylated status of these regulatory molecules. These observations show that after additional preclinical studies CPE and C-CPE in combinations with other drugs can be considered as a potential modalities for intravesical treatment of BC because of its ability to effectively destroy BC cells expressing claudin 4 and low toxicity against normal urothelium.
Demand for improved fish feed in the presence of a subsidy: a double hurdle application in Kenya

Fish farming households’ demand for improved fish feed from the private market in Kenya is potentially influenced by the government's feed subsidy program. This article applies the double-hurdle model to a cross-section of fish farms to analyze demand for improved fish feed from private markets, and whether the government feed subsidy program has an effect on private demand for improved feed. The results indicate that households’ decisions to participate in the improved feed market are affected by the quantity of improved feed received from the government. Once the participation decision has been made, we find evidence of crowding-in of the private improved feed sector; that is, the government's allocations of subsidized feed appear to increase private sector demand. In addition, the price of improved feed negatively affects the quantity purchased as expected. Education, extension contacts, and ease of marketing matured fish increase household propensity to purchase improved feed commercially. Policies that help reduce the price of improved feed such as reduction in tariffs on imported feeds and feed ingredients will foster demand for the feed, as will policies that facilitate marketing of fish at reasonable prices by households.
Dying With a Left Ventricular Assist Device as Destination Therapy.

Background— Despite the ability of left ventricular assist device as destination therapy (DT-LVAD) to prolong survival for many patients with advanced heart failure, little is known about the eventual end-of-life care that patients with DT-LVAD receive. Methods and Results— All patients undergoing DT-LVAD at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota, from January 1, 2007, to September 30, 2014, who subsequently died before July 1, 2015, were included. Information about end-of-life care was obtained from documentation in the electronic medical record. Of 89 patients who died with a DT-LVAD, the median (25th–75th percentile) time from left ventricular assist device implantation to death was 14 (4–31) months. The most common causes of death were multiorgan failure (26%), hemorrhagic stroke (24%), and progressive heart failure (21%). Nearly half (46%) of the patients saw palliative care within 1 month before death; however, only 13 (15%) patients enrolled in hospice a median 11 (range 1–315) days before death. Most patients (78%) died in the hospital, of which 88% died in the intensive care unit. In total, 49 patients had their left ventricular assist device deactivated before death, with all but 3 undergoing deactivation in the hospital. Most patients died within an hour of left ventricular assist device deactivation and all within 26 hours. Conclusions— In contrast to the general heart failure population, most patients with DT-LVAD die in the hospital and few use hospice. Further work is needed to understand these differences and to determine whether patients with DT-LVAD are receiving optimal end-of-life care.
Use of Sodium Substitutes in Cottage Cheese and Buttermilk.

Twenty-four market samples of cottage cheese had an average sodium concentration of 4.91 ± 1.20 mg/g. Two samples of cottage cheese formulated to contain 1.1% "Lite" and Zyest, and having sodium concentrations of 3.23 and 2.54 mg/g had significantly lower flavor scores than a sample containing 1.4% NaCl and having 6.25 mg of Na/g. The Standard Plate Counts and the yeast and mold counts on the cottage cheese after storing 10 d at 4°C were not different between samples containing salt, salt substitute or salt substitute plus a dry yeast preparation. Psychrotrophic bacteria were more numerous in the samples containing the yeast preparation. Four samples of buttermilk containing .015% "Zyest 45-F" and .25% NaCl, .25% "Lite" and .015% "Zyest 45-F", .25% NaCl, or .25% "Lite" had comparable flavor scores. The sodium concentrations of the four samples were 1.096, .793, 1.125 and .771 mg/g, respectively. The growth of yeasts and molds in samples containing "Zyest 45-F" and "Lite" was slightly but not significantly greater than the other three samples. Psychrotrophic counts on buttermilk after 7 d of storage at 4°C were much lower than the original counts, but were not influenced by the additives used.
Aorta macrophage inflammatory and epigenetic changes in a murine model of obstructive sleep apnea: Potential role of CD36

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) affects 8-10% of the population, is characterized by chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH), and causally associates with cardiovascular morbidities. In CIH-exposed mice, closely mimicking the chronicity of human OSA, increased accumulation and proliferation of pro-inflammatory metabolic M1-like macrophages highly expressing CD36, emerged in aorta. Transcriptomic and MeDIP-seq approaches identified activation of pro-atherogenic pathways involving a complex interplay of histone modifications in functionally-relevant biological pathways, such as inflammation and oxidative stress in aorta macrophages. Discontinuation of CIH did not elicit significant improvements in aorta wall macrophage phenotype. However, CIH-induced aorta changes were absent in CD36 knockout mice, Our results provide mechanistic insights showing that CIH exposures during sleep in absence of concurrent pro-atherogenic settings (i.e., genetic propensity or dietary manipulation) lead to the recruitment of CD36(+)high macrophages to the aortic wall and trigger atherogenesis. Furthermore, long-term CIH-induced changes may not be reversible with usual OSA treatment.
Separating volcanic deformation and atmospheric signals at Mount St. Helens using Persistent Scatterer InSAR

Abstract Over the past two decades, GPS and leveling surveys have recorded cycles of inflation and deflation associated with dome building eruptions at Mount St. Helens. Due to spatial and temporal limitations of the data, it remains unknown whether any deformation occurred prior to the most recent eruption of 2004, information which could help anticipate future eruptions. Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR), which boasts fine spatial resolution over large areas, has the potential to resolve pre-eruptive deformation that may have occurred, but eluded detection by campaign GPS surveys because it was localized to the edifice or crater. Traditional InSAR methods are challenging to apply in the Cascades volcanic arc because of a combination of environmental factors, and past attempts to observe deformation at Mount St. Helens were unable to make reliable observations in the crater or on much of the edifice. In this study, Persistent Scatterer InSAR, known to mitigate issues of decorrelation caused by environmental factors, is applied to four SAR data sets in an attempt to resolve localized sources of deformation on the volcano between 1995 and 2010. Many interferograms are strongly influenced by phase delay from atmospheric water vapor and require correction, evidenced by a correlation between phase and topography. To assess the bias imposed by the atmosphere, we perform sensitivity tests on a suite of atmospheric correction techniques, including several that rely on the correlation of phase delay to elevation, and explore approaches that directly estimate phase delay using the ERA-Interim and NARR climate reanalysis data sets. We find that different correction methods produce velocities on the edifice of Mount St. Helens that differ by up to 1 cm/yr due to variability in how atmospheric artifacts are treated in individual interferograms. Additionally, simple phase-based techniques run the risk of minimizing any surface deformation signals that may themselves be correlated with elevation. The atmospherically corrected PS InSAR results for data sets overlapping in time are inconsistent with one another, and do not provide conclusive evidence for any pre-eruptive deformation at a broad scale or localized to the crater or edifice leading up to the 2004 eruption. However, we cannot rule out the possibility of deformation less than ~ 1 cm/yr, or discern whether deformation rates increased in the months preceding the eruption. The results do significantly improve the spatial density of observations and our ability to resolve or rule out models for a potential deformation source for the pre-eruptive period.
Predictors, Classification, and Management of Umbilical Complications in DIEP Flap Breast Reconstruction

BACKGROUND In recent years, the deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap has become the workhorse flap for autologous breast reconstruction. Despite increased reports on DIEP flaps, umbilical complications have not been previously studied. The aesthetics of the umbilicus dictates the beauty of the abdomen, and it is critical for plastic surgeons to minimize the scarring of the umbilicus. In this study, we retrospectively reviewed patients who underwent DIEP flaps to determine the predictors of umbilical complications, and created a classification system of these wounds. METHODS Retrospective review of 323 patients who underwent DIEP flap surgery from 2009 to 2016 was performed. Umbilical stalk heights, widths of fascial diastasis, and abdominal wall thicknesses were measured from computed tomographic scans. Data regarding demographic and patient characteristics were collected. RESULTS Of the 323 patients, there were 58 patients that had umbilical complications (18 percent). These patients had statistically higher body mass indexes, heavier flaps, and thicker abdominal walls (p < 0.05). Also, they had statistically higher umbilical stalk heights (29.3 mm versus 18.7 mm), and analysis showed that the likelihood ratio of having umbilical complications was 2.05 at 20.1 mm, 3.05 at 25.4 mm, and 6.43 at 30 mm. Logistic regression analysis revealed that umbilical stalk height, fascial diastasis, age, procedure time, and flap weight were significant predictors (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Umbilical complications in patients undergoing DIEP flap surgery for breast reconstruction have not been previously studied. Our study shows that the umbilical stalk height plays a significant role, and umbilical wounds can be classified into five types: no wound, minor wound, wound dehiscence, partial necrosis, and total necrosis. CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Therapeutic, III.
At Last: Gene Editing in Human Embryos to Understand Human Development

Our understanding of early human development is typically based on inference from animal models, which may not fully recapitulate human embryonic features. As proof of concept, Fogarty et al. (2017) used CRISPR/Cas9 to genetically ablate the OCT4 gene in human preimplantation embryos and found key differences from its function in model systems.
Evolutionary Tendency of Adaptability

Chapters 2 and 3 dealt with the general principles of dissipation, and in particular the peculiar features of dissipation in biological systems. For adaptability the main relevant point is that biological systems are capable of coping with disturbances if they are capable of forgetting these disturbances. In general forgetting disturbance means that disturbance is ultimately dissipated into a heat bath. The contribution to the total dissipation involved in this forgetting process may be small, but magnitude and importance are not the same thing. The component of dissipation associated with forgetting disturbance is all important for the control and stability of biological processes.
Origin of the Volume Contraction during Nanoporous Gold Formation by Dealloying for High-Performance Electrochemical Applications

Nanoporous metals used in various electrochemical applications including electrochemical actuators, electrocatalysts, supercapacitors, and batteries exhibit an irreversible volume shrinkage during their formation by dealloying, the origin of which remains obscure. Here we use dilatometry techniques to measure the irreversible shrinkage in nanoporous Au in situ during electrochemical dealloying. A linear contraction up to ∼9% was recorded. To identify the origin of this dimensional change, we borrow the time-dependent isothermal shrinkage model from sintering theory, which we use to fit the dimensional changes measured in our nanoporous Au during dealloying. This shrinkage model suggests that bulk transport through plastic flow is the primary mass transport mechanism responsible for the material contraction in dealloying. Based on the current understanding of the mechanism of porosity formation in dealloying, mass transport through surface diffusion of undissolved materials is critical in the process. The ...
Laboratory Evaluation in Adolescence

The evaluation of the girl approaching the age of puberty on into adolescence does not usually require extensive laboratory investigation. Often, the status may be determined by a careful history, physician examination, and periodic assessment. It is important to examine the pattern of physical growth through the first decade of life in order to rule out preexisting conditions that may contribute to aberrations of further development. For example, extremely slow prepubertal linear growth will suggest gonadal dysgenesis or various degrees of hypopituitarism. Unduly diminished weight gain may be the result of poor nutrition, which in itself can delay puberty as can impending anorexia nervosa or chronic systemic debilitating disease.
Center volume and post-transplant survival among adults with congenital heart disease.

BACKGROUND The number of adult congenital heart disease (ACHD) patients requiring heart transplantation (HT) continues to grow, and if they survive the first year after transplant, their long-term survival is at least equivalent to non-ACHD patients. The 1-year survival of ACHD patients with HT remains lower than non-ACHD patients. We evaluated the affect of transplant center volume on 1-year survival of ACHD patients. We analyzed United Network of Organ Sharing patients (age ≥18 years) who underwent their first orthotopic HT between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2015, to assess the association between transplant center volume and 1-year survival of ACHD patients. RESULTS We identified 827 ACHD patients at 113 centers who underwent HT during the study period. The average age of the recipients and donors was 36 ± 13 years (60% men and 84% Caucasian) and 28 ± 11 (63% men and 66% Caucasian), respectively. Of the ACHD patients undergoing HT, 27% (n = 60) were done at low-volume centers, 30% (n = 10) were reported at high-volume centers, and the remaining (n = 43) were at medium-volume centers. A total of 96 patients died within 30 days, including 37 (16.7%) at low-volume, 37 (10.2%) at medium-volume, and 22 (9.0%) at high-volume centers (p = 0.019). The average unadjusted Kaplan-Meier 30-day survival at low-volume centers was 83% ± 2%, which was significantly lower than medium-volume (90% ± 1%) and high-volume (91% ± 2%) centers (log-rank p < 0.05). Within 1 year, 154 patients had died, including 56 (36.4%) at low-volume, 60 (38.9%) at medium-volume, and 38 (24.7%) at high-volume centers (p = 0.011). Average unadjusted Kaplan-Meier 1-year survival at low-volume centers was 75% ± 3%, which was significantly lower than medium-volume (83% ± 2%) and high-volume (84% ± 2%) centers (log-rank p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The 30-day and 1-year survival of ACHD patients undergoing HT is partly influenced by overall transplant center volume and, potentially, volume of ACHD HTs, with low-volume centers performing poorly relative to medium-volume and high-volume centers. The role of peri-operative care and multidisciplinary management in improving survival at low-volume centers required further investigations.
Feasibility and Acceptability of Real-Time Antiretroviral Adherence Monitoring among Depressed Women Living with HIV in the Deep South of the US.

This study presents feasibility and acceptability data on the use of a real-time wireless electronic adherence monitor (EAM), among African American women living with HIV with co-occurring depression, residing in remote areas of the Southeastern United States. EAM and self-report ART adherence was monitored over an average of 14.8 weeks among 25 participants who were recruited at four HIV clinics in Alabama. Intra-class correlation showed a low degree of concordance between EAM and self-report (ICC = 0.33, 95% bootstrap CI 0.13, 0.59). 83% of data collected via EAM was transmitted in real-time. Due to technological failures, 11.4% were not transmitted in real-time, but were later recovered, and 5.7% were lost entirely. Acceptability was examined through surveys and qualitative interviews. Results suggest that EAM monitoring is acceptable and feasible in a rural US setting; however, technological difficulties, such as loss of connectivity may impede the device’s usefulness for just-in-time adherence interventions.
Toward Cyberresiliency in the Context of Cloud Computing [Resilient Security]

Cyberresiliency is the capability of an enterprise network to continuously provide (the supported missions and business processes with) essential functions in the midst of an attack campaign. It is defined as "the ability to anticipate, withstand, recover from, and adapt to adverse conditions, stresses, attacks, or compromises on systems that include cyber resources."1 Conceptually speaking, the capability can be measured by whether the supported missions and business processes can succeed in spite of the various effects being caused by the attack campaign.
Arterial Stiffness in Portuguese Patients with Axial Spondyloarthritis: a pilot study *

Cardiovascular (CV) diseases are the leading cause of mortality, and arterial stiffness is a well-known determinant CV risk factor, which can be evaluated by the measurements of carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV), recently proposed as a gold-standard marker of CV risk. Previous studies have confirmed arterial stiffness’s increase with ageing, as well as in individuals with Axial Spondyloarthritis (axSpA). Since cfPWV’s profile varies with ethnicity, there’s a need for its establishment in specific populations.The present pilot work intends to characterize arterial stiffness profile through cfPWV’s values in two small cohorts of Portuguese from Lisbon area: 11 adults with no associated diagnosis (NAD) (31-51 years of age) and 10 adults with diagnosed axSpA (31-50 years of age), as well as to estimate if axSpA compromises CV health. cfPWV was attained with a non-invasive, portable and low-cost device.The cohort of adults with NAD presented a mean value of cfPWV 5.79±2.22 m/s, and the adults with axSpA, a mean value of 6.33±2.11 m/s. The performed hypothesis tests with 9 patients and 8 controls did not allow to infer that the adults with axSpA (6.57 m/s) held a higher CV risk than the control group (5.92 m/s): p-value=0.50.Further investigations would be desirable in order to obtain larger samples and promote a large-scale trial.
From Artificial Intelligence to Artificial Wisdom: What Socrates Teaches Us

A critical examination of existential questions may lead developers to design machines with higher forms of artificial intelligence. Infused by their ability to recognize their own ignorance, these machines would display not merely intelligence but wisdom.
MCT APD Detection System for Atmospheric Profiling Applications Using Two-Micron Lidar

An advanced detection system, based on mercury cadmium telluride avalanche photodiodes array, was implemented within a 2-μm lidar. Detection system characterization was conducted for performance evaluation including settling time, noise-equivalent-power (NEP) and dynamic range. Results indicated an average NEP of 1.4 fW/Hz1/2 per pixel. Lidar range resolved profiling demonstrated the dynamic range capability by measuring near-field aerosol scattering and far-field clouds reflection simultaneously.
Second Autologous Stem Cell Transplant as Salvage in Multiple Myeloma - The Oregon Health and Science University Experience.

Abstract Background : Second autologous transplants (SAT) are routinely performed in the setting of myeloma relapse, though data on outcomes are lacking. We conducted a single-center review of all multiple myeloma patients at OHSU who received SAT (excluding tandems) with responses assessed by International Myeloma Working Group (IMWG) criteria. Results : Sixty-eight patients received SAT between 1999 and 2019. Risk by IMWG was available for 50 patients (10 high-risk). Median age at SAT was 61 (45-74). Median time between 1st and 2nd Autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) was 5.5 years (1.1 - 15.2). Median progression-free survival (PFS) after 1st ASCT (available for 53 pts) was 2.5 years (0.3 - 10). The average # of lines of therapy prior to SAT was 2.8 (1-14). SAT prep regimens (available for 67 pts) were: Fifty-one (87%) melphalan 200 mg/m2, 6 (9%) melphalan 140 mg/m2, 1 (2%) BEAM, 1 (2%) melphalan 200 mg/m2 and bortezomib. All used PBSC mobilization. Median overall survival (OS) after SAT was 4.68 years, and median PFS was 1.72 years. By treatment era (1999-2009 vs. 2010-2019), median OS was 1.97 vs. 5.52 years (P = .15). When analyzed by IMWG group (standard/low vs. high risk) median PFS and OS were not significantly different (1.87 vs. 1.61 years and 3.58 vs. 5.91 years, respectively). Treatment-Related Mortality (TRM) occurred in 1 patient (2%). Conclusion : Our experience with SAT for multiple myeloma (MM) shows that it has low TRM and is effective, with median OS >4.5 years, though with a shorter PFS than after 1st ASCT.
Ethyl 5-methyl-3-[11-(pyridin-2-yl)-6,11-di-hydro-6,11-ep-oxy-dibenzo[b,e]oxepin-6-yl]isoxazole-4-carboxylate: a bicyclic acetal from the rearrangement of an anthracenyl isoxazole.

The title compound, C26H20N2O5, is a rearrangement product of an o-pyridinyl anthracenyl isoxazole ester. It features a bicyclic acetal structure, which has two extended almost co-planar ring systems, which subtend a fold angle of 102.17 (5)°. In the crystal, the mol­ecules are closely knitted together through C—H⋯N and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds and form chains of alternating enanti­omers propagating along the c-axis direction.
Effects of Polygenic Risk and Perceived Friends' Drinking and Disruptive Behavior on Development of Alcohol Use Across Adolescence.

Objective:Developmental theory posits interacting individual and contextual factors that contribute to alcohol use across adolescence. Despite the well-documented salience of peer environmental inf...
Automatically Locating Mitigation Information for Security Vulnerabilities

Software vulnerabilities pose significant security risks to systems. Usually patching can fix vulnerabilities, but patches are not always available, and in many cases patching is not preferred due to high overhead and potential service interruptions which is especially true for the electric industry. Then, other mitigation strategies are needed to mitigate security vulnerabilities. Information about mitigation strategies can be difficult to find and is typically only reported on vendor or third-party websites. In the current practice, such information is manually located by security operators, which induces high delays and operation cost. We consider this problem within the electric industry, which has particular importance and challenges because of its regulatory requirements. We propose that providing electric utilities with automatically-located mitigation information will help them overcome the time burden and mitigate vulnerabilities more timely. In particular, we develop three methods for automatically retrieving mitigation information from vendor or third-party websites. Experiment results show high performance with all the three methods.
Review on the Risk of Sequela after Serious Vaccinlation Reaction

To evaluate the risk of sequela after serious vaccine reaction.The rare serious vaccine reactions might result in sequela,the incidence of rare serious vaccine reactions,the estimated incidence of sequela and cases reported were reviewed.Further research should be developed to provide the scientific basis for sequela control and prevention.
Using AI to Promote Equitable Classroom Discussions: The TalkMoves Application

Inclusion in mathematics education is strongly tied to discourse rich classrooms, where students ideas play a central role. Talk moves are specific discursive practices that promote inclusive and equitable participation in classroom discussions. This paper describes the development of the TalkMoves application, which provides teachers with detailed feedback on their usage of talk moves based on accountable talk theory. Building on our recent work to automate the classification of teacher talk moves, we have expanded the application to also include feedback on a set of student talk moves. We present results from several deep learning models trained to classify student sentences into student talk moves with performance up to 73% F1. The classroom data used for training these models were collected from multiple sources that were pre-processed and annotated by highly reliable experts. We validated the performance of the model on an out-of-sample dataset which included 166 classroom transcripts collected from teachers piloting the application.
A Novel Framework to Guide Antibiotic Stewardship Nursing Practice.

Abstract Background There is a pervasive view among some nurses and health care disciplines that antibiotic stewardship (AS) is solely a physician or pharmacist responsibility. There is an urgent need to alter this view so that nurses can seize every opportunity to prevent patient harm from antibiotics and optimize antibiotic use. One challenge to achieving full nurse engagement as equal members of the AS team is lack of an organizing framework to illustrate relationships of phenomena and concepts inherent to adoption of AS nursing practices. Methods We sought to create a framework derived from the peer-reviewed literature, systematic and scoping reviews, and professional standards, consensus statements and white papers. The emerging framework went through multiple iterations as it was vetted with nurse clinicians, scholars and educators, physicians, pharmacists, infection preventionists and AS subject matter experts. Results Our evidence-based Antibiotic Stewardship Nursing Practice SCAN-P Framework provides the much-needed context and clarity to help guide local-level nurses to participate in and lead AS nursing practice. Conclusions Nurses worldwide are ideally situated to provide holistic person-centered care, advocate for judicious use of antibiotics to minimize antibiotic resistance, and be AS educators of their patients, communities and the general public. The Antibiotic Stewardship Nursing Practice SCAN-P Framework provides a tool to do so.
Analysis of crystal size distributions when growth rate is size dependent

INTRODUCTION PREVIOUS WORK Nucleation Crystal Growth An Important CMSMPR Crystallizer Theory STEADY STATE ANALYSIS The Selection of a Growth Rate Model The McCabe-Stevens model Model-I Model-II Application to Experimental Data TRANSIENT SIZE DISTRIBUTION BEHAVIOR Derivation of Equations Step Change in Production Rate Step Change in Growth Rate RESULTS ML CONCLUSIONS RECOMMENDATIONS LITERATURE CITED NOMENCLATURE ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS APPENDIX Derivation of the Steady State Distributions Computer Program Page iii 1 2 2 6 11 16 i6 l6 25 30 34
Julius Caesar's Epilepsy: Was It Caused by A Brain Arteriovenous Malformation?

Julius Caesar (100–44 BC) was one of the most charismatic political figures in history. Best remembered for his military achievements, he was also a writer, historian, and statesman. Through his constitutional reforms, he played an important role in the events that led to the end of the Roman Republic and the birth of the Roman Empire. Historical sources reveal that Julius Caesar suffered from headaches, seizures, and personality changes. In this essay, we highlight the life of Julius Caesar, with emphasis on the potential origin of his sickness. Although a definitive diagnosis obviously cannot be made, as new published studies showed a possible cerebrovascular etiology, a new hypothetical diagnosis is presented.
Deviation From Price Expectation: Findings Regarding Prospect Theory and Price Impression

Price recall error has been found to display an assimilation pattern as stimulus prices deviated from price expectation (DPE). This data was examined for prospect theory consistent results. Prospect theory would indicate that a loss relative to price expectation (negative DPE) would have a greater impact on individuals than a gain (positive DPE) of the same magnitude. This research found no significant results in support of prospect theory although patterns of price recall error showed some consistency with the theory. This research also compared an affective measure of price -- price impression -- with a previously studied cognitive measure -- price recall error. As was expected price impression was positively related to price levels, however, price recall error was still pulled in the direction of expectations attesting to the strength of this expectation effect.
The political economy of energy access: Survey evidence from India on state intervention and public opinion

In India, where energy access is limited, how does the public react to the government's inability to provide citizens with basic energy services, such as electricity and clean cooking fuel? We answer this question using a survey conducted in two rural villages of Uttar Pradesh. First, we examine the association between a respondent's opinion on state intervention and policy failure. Specifically, we focus on whether people who believe in state intervention are likely to have lower levels of satisfaction with the government's energy access policies. Second, we examine the link between policy failure and the likelihood that people consider a political candidate's energy views in voting. We find that people's preference for government intervention has a negative effect on satisfaction levels with government policies, and that people who blame the government for policy failures are less likely to take a political candidate's energy policies into account when voting.
Species Richness: Small Scale

Species richness, defined as the number of species per unit area, is the simplest measure of biodiversity. Small-scale species richness generally refers to species richness at the scale of a single community, habitat or microhabitat. Understanding the factors that affect and are affected by small-scale species richness is fundamental to understanding how ecological communities are assembled and function and how biodiversity is maintained. Several factors affect small-scale species richness, including geographic factors such as the regional species pool, dispersal distance and ease of dispersal, biological factors such as competition, facilitation, and predation as well as environmental factors such as resource availability, environmental heterogeneity and disturbance frequency and intensity. The importance of these factors varies with scale of observation. Further, small-scale richness can impact aspects of ecosystem function including productivity, stability, and invasibility. Key Concepts Small-scale species richness is the number of species per unit area at the scale of a single community, habitat or microhabitat. Species richness is similar to alpha (α) diversity, or the number of species occurring at the local scale in a relatively homogeneous area. Many factors affect small-scale species richness, including geographic (e.g. species pool, dispersal), biotic (e.g. competition, predation, facilitation) and abiotic (e.g. resource availability, environmental heterogeneity, disturbance frequency and intensity). The species pool is the set of species adapted to a site that are regionally available to colonise that site, and, in conjunction with dispersal processes, define the universe from which the ecological community is assembled. Immigration is affected by the distance between suitable habitat sites and the ability of propagules to become established at the local site, and can significantly increase species richness. Competition tends to decrease small-scale richness, and its impact is shaped by resource availability, the specific resources being competed for and ecological disturbances that reduce competition. Interactions among predators and prey, or pathogens and parasites and their hosts, can maintain or alter small-scale diversity, the impact being largely dependent on the level of dominance of the species directly impacted. While there is some evidence of a positive relationship between small-scale richness and productivity, other factors such as the number and identity of functional groups may be the direct cause of the relationship. Small-scale richness has complex effects on the stability and invasibility of local sites. Keywords: biodiversity; community ecology; competition; diversity; scale; ecosystem function; species richness
African American acafandom and other strangers: New genealogies of fan studies

Because scholars have paid insufficient attention to race in fan studies, a new genealogy of fan studies is needed, one that includes different kinds of primary and secondary texts that have explored responses of black fans. There is a rich history of black fan criticism and acafandom that has never been seen as such but that both complements and complicates current definitions and paradigms in fan studies. Discussions of fan otherness, antifandom, and fan ambivalence explore the difference that the inclusion of African American cultural criticism would make to both canonical scholarship and more recently published work in the field.
Implementation of a multi-level intervention in underserved communities: Prevention RCT in the Cherokee Nation

Despite advances in prevention science in recent decades, the U.S. continues to struggle with significant alcohol-related risks and consequences among youths, especially among vulnerable rural and American Indian communities. The Prevention Trial in the Cherokee Nation is a partnership between prevention/implementation scientists and Cherokee Nation Behavioral Health to implement and evaluate an integrated multi-level intervention designed to prevent underage drinking and associated negative health outcomes among American Indian and other youths living in rural high-risk underserved communities. The primary partnership is augmented with partnerships with Oklahoma public school districts, the Oklahoma Department of Human Services, and a local nonprofit organization. The intervention builds directly on results of multiple previous RCTs of two conceptually distinct approaches. The first is an updated version of an evidence-based community environmental change intervention, and the second is our newly developed population-wide implementation of screening, brief intervention and referral to treatment delivered within high schools by school service providers hired through the Department of Human Services. Six key research design elements optimize causal inference and experimental evaluation of effects of intervention implementation, including purposive selection of towns, random assignment of towns to study condition, controlled interrupted time-series, nested cohorts as well as repeated cross-sectional observations, a factorial design crossing two conceptually distinct interventions, and multiple comparison groups. Interim results indicate a high uptake of intervention implementation with some variation by community, as well as trends toward decreased alcohol use among youths in the intervention conditions compared to the control condition. The trial demonstrates the effectiveness of scientists building strong partnerships for implementation of evidence-based strategies within underserved communities. Our collaborative partnerships also demonstrate it is feasible to implement a rigorous scientific trial while incorporating community-based participatory research methods. Research was supported by the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number R01AA020695.
Aberrant regulation of the metabolism of the insulin receptor in Swarm rat chondrosarcoma chondrocytes.

Treatment of Swarm rat chondrosarcoma chondrocytes for 3 days in media containing either non-recombinant pig or recombinant human insulin (1 micrograms/ml) increased the rate of proteoglycan synthesis approximately 6-fold compared with cells cultured in the absence of insulin. The concentrations of human and pig insulin that stimulated the cells to double their rate of proteoglycan synthesis were approximately 1 ng/ml and approximately 2 ng/ml respectively. Because physiological concentrations of insulin do not influence proteoglycan synthesis in non-transformed chondrocytes, the findings indicated a possible abnormality in the insulin-dependent regulation of the insulin receptor in these tumour cells. Like most cells, chondrosarcoma chondrocytes down-regulated their insulin receptors when incubated with insulin for 30 min. However, the number of plasma-membrane and intracellular insulin receptors did not decrease when the chondrocytes were exposed to insulin chronically for 4 days. Chondrocytes were cultured in media containing 2H-, 13C- and 15N-labelled amino acids, and the heavy-isotope density-shift method was used to investigate both the rate of degradation and the rate of synthesis of the insulin receptor. Although the rate of synthesis of the receptor was slightly faster in the insulin-treated cultures, as assessed by a slightly faster rate of appearance of the ‘heavy’ receptor, the rate of degradation of the receptor was slower in the insulin-treated cultures. The half-lives for the ‘light’ receptors were approx. 18 h and 10 h for chondrocytes cultured in insulin-containing and insulin-free media respectively. These studies in vitro indicate that the apparent up-regulation of insulin receptors that occurs in this transformed cell upon long-term exposure to insulin is primarily the result of a decreased rate of receptor degradation.
Editorial Vol. 7, N. 11

Bienvenidos al numero 11 de la revista virtual de la Institucion Universitaria de Envigado, PSICOESPACIOS.