cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Application of Rough Set Theory to Sentiment Analysis of Microblog Data

Microblogging has become a popular medium for broadcasting short text messages of 140 characters or less through social networks. There are millions of such posts shared each day, publically expressing sentiment over a variety of topics using popular Internet sites such as Twitter.com, Plurk.com, and identi.ca. Most of the existing works have focused on polarity sentiment analysis of these data by applying machine learning algorithms. In this chapter, we show that the rough set theory introduced by Pawlak provides an effective tool for deriving new perspectives of sentiment analysis from microblogging messages. More specifically, we introduce the use of rough set theory to formulate sentimental approximation spaces based on key words for assessing sentiment of microblogging messages. The sentimental approximation space provides contextual sentiment from the entire collection of messages, and it enables the evaluation of sentiment of different subjects, not in isolation, but in context. Sentiment, itself, is subjective. The degree of emotion that a word invokes in one person will be different than in another. It is for this reason that sentimental approximation space offers potentially more insightful information about a subject than simple polarity answers of positive or negative.
Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy: The Methodist Hospital of Indiana Experience

AbstractA total of 982 patients underwent 1,416 treatments with extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy for upper urinary tract calculi between February 23 and December 17, 1984. A single treatment was performed in 90 per cent of the patients. Morbidity was extremely low and hospital stay was short (3.0 days). Adjunctive procedures were required in 13 per cent of the patients. Of the kidneys 72 per cent were free of stones at the 3-month followup, while 23 per cent contained small (less than 5mm.), asymptomatic fragments believed to be passable spontaneously. Only 1 per cent of the patients required surgical removal of the calculi. Morbidity was related directly to stone burden, while results were inversely related to stone burden. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy is the preferred form of management for symptomatic upper ureteral and renal calculi less than 2cm. in diameter.
Opioid Regulation of Vascular Integrity

Endothelial barrier integrity is crucial to the maintenance of vascular homeostasis. Dysfunction of the vascular endothelial barrier is associated with a wide range of pathologies including atherosclerosis, stroke, inflammatory disorders, acute lung injury, multiple sclerosis, cancer and diabetes mellitus. Although opioids are widely used during the treatment of many classes of disease and injury, the interaction of opioids with the endothelial barrier is not well understood. This chapter reviews what is currently known about opioid regulation of barrier integrity and in particular its effect on endothelial permeability, angiogenesis and inflammation. The role of mu opioid receptor activation, receptor tyrosine kinase transactivation and downstream signaling pathways are discussed. Further the role of mu opioid receptor antagonists as potential therapeutic agents in endothelial barrier dysfunction is examined.
Proteins and RNA sequences required for the transition of the t-Utp complex into the SSU processome

Ribosomes are synthesized by large ribonucleoprotein complexes cleaving and properly assembling highly structured rRNAs with ribosomal proteins. Transcription and processing of pre-rRNAs are linked by the transcription-Utp sub-complex (t-Utps), a sub-complex of the small subunit (SSU) processome and prompted the investigations for the requirements of t-Utp formation and transition into the SSU processome. The rDNA promoter, the first 44 nucleotides of the 5΄ETS, and active transcription by pol I were sufficient to recruit the t-Utps to the rDNA. Pol5, accessory factor, dissociated as t-Utps matured into the UtpA complex which permitted later recruitment of the UtpB, U3 snoRNP and the Mpp10 complex into the SSU processome. The t-Utp complex associated with short RNAs 121 and 138 nucleotides long transcribed from the 5΄ETS. These transcripts were not present when pol II transcribed the rDNA or in nondividing cells. Depletion of a t-Utp, but not of other SSU processome components led to decreased levels of the short transcripts. However, ectopic expression of the short transcripts slowed the growth of yeast with impaired rDNA transcription. These results provide insight into how transcription of the rRNA primes the assemble of t-Utp complex with the pre-rRNA into the UtpA complex and the later association of SSU processome components.
Club Women and the Provision of Local Public Goods

Despite the variety of legal, political, and social barriers facing women who sought to contribute to public life in the 19th and early 20th centuries in the United States, women’s clubs emerged as prominent contributors to local public goods within their communities. Club women constructed public walkways, managed beautification projects, coordinated fire-fighting services, offered medical and financial relief to poorer community members, advocated for local reforms, and facilitated a variety of educational opportunities for themselves and others. In this paper, we draw on the theory of local public goods as developed by Elinor Ostrom, and other contributors to the Bloomington school of institutional analysis, to explain women’s contributions to these various goods in the context of their organizational rules and the benefits of women’s club membership.
Bariatric surgery worldwide 2003.

Background: There is a world epidemic of overweight, obesity, and morbid obesity, encompassing 1.7 billion people. Bariatric surgery today is the only effective therapy for morbid obesity. Methods: E-mail requests for information were sent to the presidents of the national societies of the 31 International Federation for the Surgery of Obesity (IFSO) nations, or national groupings, plus Sweden. Responses were tabulated; calculation of relative prevalence of specific procedures was done by weighted averages. Results: Responders were 26 of 32 (81%) for the general questions and 24 of 32 (75%) for the question on specific operative percentages. In the year 2002-2003, 146,301 bariatric surgery operations were performed by 2,839 bariatric surgeons; 103,000 of these operations were performed in USA/Canada by 850 surgeons. The earliest start date for bariatric surgery was 1953 in the USA; IFSO was founded in 1995. In the year 2002-2003, 37.15% of operations were open; 62.85% laparoscopic. The 6 most popular procedures by weighted averages were: laparoscopic gastric bypass, 25.67%; laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding, 24.14%; open gastric bypass, 23.07%; laparoscopic long-limb gastric bypass, 8.9%; open long-limb gastric bypass, 7.45%; and open vertical banded gastroplasty, 4.25%. Pooling open and laparoscopic procedures, relative percentages were: gastric bypass, 65.11%; gastric banding, 24.41%; vertical banded gastroplasty, 5.43%; and biliopancreatic diversion/duodenal switch, 4.85%. Categorizing into restrictive/malabsorptive, purely restrictive, and primarily malabsorptive, the relative distribution of procedures was 65.11%, 29.84%, and 4.85%, respectively. The number of countries performing gastric banding was 23 (95%), gastric bypass 21 (88%), vertical banded gastroplasty 19 (79%), and biliopancreatic diversion/duodenal switch 16 (67%). Purely restrictive procedures were performed in 24 (100%) of the countries, restrictive/malabsorptive in 21 (88%), and primarily malabsorptive in 18 (75%). Conclusions: Bariatric surgery is expanding exponentially to meet the global epidemic of morbid obesity. Operative procedures in bariatric surgery are in flux and specific geographic trends and shifts are evident. Yet, of the patients qualifying for surgery, only about 1% are receiving this therapy – the only effective treatment currently available.
Queerly evangelical: the rhetoric of inverted belonging as a challenge to heteronormativity in evangelical theology

ABSTRACTAs a small but growing number of evangelical congregations, organizations, and individuals have adopted certain pro-LGBTQ beliefs in recent years, an intriguing rhetorical strategy has emer...
Individualized goal setting during repeated reading: Improving growth with struggling readers using data based instructional decisions

AbstractGoal setting, in combination with evidence-based interventions, may be a viable intervention component to improve oral reading fluency for struggling readers. The present study examined the...
Prediction of appointment no-shows using electronic health records

Appointment no-shows have a negative impact on patient health and have caused substantial loss in resources and revenue for health care systems. Intervention strategies to reduce no-show rates can ...
Using the Electronic Medical Record (EMR) to Reduce Central Line Associated Blood Stream Infections (CLABSI) Rates in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit by Improving Maintenance Bundle Compliance

Purpose: Central line associated blood stream infections (CLABSIs) prolong hospitalizations, increase exposure to infectious disease and antibiotics, and increase costs. This results in unnecessary physical, emotional, and financial burdens for patients and families. Our institution’s PICU adopted a central line prevention bundle in October 2015 to reduce CLABSI rates. However, average monthly compliance with the maintenance bundle was only six percent and CLABSI rates remained higher than desired (2.3/1000 central line days). Several studies have suggested that improved bundle compliance can lead to a reduction in CLABSI rates. As a …
Evaluating the Efficacy of Targeted Inhibitor Therapeutics for Sonic Hedgehog Medulloblastoma: Significant Milestones and Current Limitations

Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common pediatric brain tumor with the Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) subtype accounting for 30% of all diagnoses. The current standard treatment regimen includes high doses of toxic chemotherapy and radiation, as well as surgical resection, motivating the need for alternative therapies which do not generate deleterious effects on patients. The purpose of this literature review was to evaluate the most recent developments in the efficacy of targeted therapeutics in treatment of SHH MB, specifically focusing on small molecule inhibitors targeting the Sonic Hedgehog pathway. The sources analyzed in this review include case studies, preclinical and clinical studies, and other review papers that investigate the mechanism and value of five SHH inhibitors: vismodegib, sonidegib, glasdegib, temozolomide, and GANT-61. Novel discoveries have highlighted that inhibitor therapeutics effectively target aberrant activity of the SHH pathway at various stages, thereby diminishing tumor progression and metastasis. Through evaluation of the inhibitors, it was determined that they are promising targeted therapeutics for SHH MB, despite their limitations. These limitations include drug resistance, molecular heterogeneity of SHH-driven tumors, and poor drug properties. More research will be needed to overcome these obstacles for clinical use, but the investment is warranted given the promise of these inhibitors. Future research should seek to establish optimal dosage and timing of intervention, further delineate the genetic basis for SHH MB, and investigate potential combination therapies with SHH inhibitors.
Estimates of regional annual abundance and population growth rates of white sharks off central California

Abstract Determining population trends is critical for evaluating management actions and prioritizing species protections. In this study, we used empirical data to produce an estimate of the population trend for sub-adult and adult white sharks in central California. We used the unique dorsal fin morphology to build a mark-recapture data set in a modified Jolly-Seber model (POPAN formulation) to estimate annual abundance and then investigate population growth rates using parametric bootstrapping methods for sub-adult and adult sharks (males and females). For all demographic groups combined, we found equivocal evidence for a positive regional population growth (λ = 1.07 (95% CI = 0.91 to 1.23)). However, sex- and size-specific population growth rate estimates provided some evidence of population increases for reproductively mature males (λ = 1.06 (95% CI = 0.99 to 1.13)) and females (λ = 1.06 (95% CI = 0.95 to 1.17)). For sub-adult male and female white sharks, point estimates of λ were positive but uncertainty prevents strong inference (λ = 1.07 (95% CI = 0.85 to 1.29)) and (λ = 1.08 (95% CI = 0.88 to 1.28)), respectively. Our findings of a potential increase in reproductive-aged white sharks in central California may be a result of regional fluxes in density or attributed in part to current protection efforts and subsequent increase in abundance of pinnipeds as well as reduced gill-net fisheries mortality of juveniles. A trend estimate for the entire northeastern Pacific will require obtaining similar data across known aggregation areas along the west coast of North America.
Lumbar Spine Fusion and Symptoms of Leg Length Discrepancy After Hip Arthroplasty.

Abstract Background Hip length discrepancy (HLD) is common after total hip arthroplasty (THA); however, the effect of spinal fusion on perceived leg length discrepancy (LLD) symptoms after THA has not been examined. This study tested the hypothesis that LLD symptoms are increased in patients who underwent lumbar spinal fusion and THA, compared with patients with THA only. Methods This retrospective cohort study included 67 patients who underwent lumbar spinal fusion and THA, along with 78 matched control patients who underwent THA only. Hip and spine measurements were taken on postoperative, standing anterior-posterior pelvic, lateral lumbar, and anterior-posterior lumbar spinal radiographs. Perceived LLD symptoms were assessed via telephone survey. Results Between the spinal fusion and control groups, there was no significant difference in HLD (M = 7.10 mm, SE = 0.70 and M = 5.60 mm, SE = 0.49) (P = .403). The spinal fusion patients reported more frequently noticing a difference in the length of their legs than the control group (P = .046) and reported limping “all the time” compared with the control group (P = .001). Among all patients with an HLD ≤10 mm, those in the spinal fusion group reported limping at a higher frequency than patients in the control group (P = .008). Patients in the spinal fusion group were also more likely to report worsened back pain after THA (P = .011) than the control group. Conclusion Frequencies of a perceived LLD, limping, and worsened back pain after THA were increased in patients with THA and a spinal fusion compared with patients who had THA only, even in a population with HLD traditionally considered to be subclinical. The results indicate that in patients with prior spinal fusion, precautions should be taken to avoid even minor LLD in the setting of THA.
Differentially Private Federated Learning via Inexact ADMM.

Differential privacy (DP) techniques can be applied to the federated learning model to protect data privacy against inference attacks to communication among the learning agents. The DP techniques, however, hinder achieving a greater learning performance while ensuring strong data privacy. In this paper we develop a DP inexact alternating direction method of multipliers algorithm that solves a sequence of trust-region subproblems with the objective perturbation by random noises generated from a Laplace distribution. We show that our algorithm provides $\bar{\epsilon}$-DP for every iteration and $\mathcal{O}(1/T)$ rate of convergence in expectation, where $T$ is the number of iterations. Using MNIST and FEMNIST datasets for the image classification, we demonstrate that our algorithm reduces the testing error by at most $22\%$ compared with the existing DP algorithm, while achieving the same level of data privacy. The numerical experiment also shows that our algorithm converges faster than the existing algorithm.
A Cost-Utility Analysis of Remote Pulse-Oximetry Monitoring of Patients With COVID-2019

Abstract Objectives Since 2020, COVID-19 has infected tens of millions and caused hundreds of thousands of fatalities in the United States. Infection waves lead to increased emergency department utilization and critical care admission for patients with respiratory distress. Although many individuals develop symptoms necessitating a ventilator, some patients with COVID-19 can remain at home to mitigate hospital overcrowding. Remote pulse-oximetry (pulse-ox) monitoring of moderately ill patients with COVID-19 can be used to monitor symptom escalation and trigger hospital visits, as needed. Methods We analyzed the cost-utility of remote pulse-ox monitoring using a Markov model with a 3-week time horizon and daily cycles from a US health sector perspective. Costs (US dollar 2020) and outcomes were derived from the University Hospitals’ real-world evidence and published literature. Costs and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) were used to determine the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio at a cost-effectiveness threshold of $100 000 per QALY. We assessed model uncertainty using univariate and probabilistic sensitivity analyses. Results Model results demonstrated that remote monitoring dominates current standard care, by reducing costs ($11 472 saved) and improving outcomes (0.013 QALYs gained). There were 87% fewer hospitalizations and 77% fewer deaths among patients with access to remote pulse-ox monitoring. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was not sensitive to uncertainty ranges in the model. Conclusions Patient with COVID-19 remote pulse-ox monitoring increases the specificity of those requiring follow-up care for escalating symptoms. We recommend remote monitoring adoption across health systems to economically manage COVID-19 volume surges, maintain patients’ comfort, reduce community infection spread, and carefully monitor needs of multiple individuals from one location by trained experts.
A Robust Control Design for FIR Plants with Parameter Set Uncertainty

This paper proposes a method of computing the finite-horizon control inputs for FIR plants whose parameters are only known to lie in a set. The parameter set is assumed to be described by an ellipsoidal bound, which could be provided by some identification scheme with a parameter set estimator. The finite-horizon control obtained minimizes the maximum LQR cost from all plants with parameters in the given set. The computation of this robust control is shown to be a convex optimization problem, thus global minimization is guaranteed and many efficient methods are available to compute the minimizing control. In addition, the method can also be used to compute the control for the dual problem in which the plant parameters are known but the initial states of the plant are assumed to lie in a set.
Nonlinear Dynamics and Stochastic Mechanics

Chaotic responses in two degree-of-freedom systems with 1:2 internal resonances by B. Banerjee and A. K. Bajaj Robust numerical solution of the Fokker-Planck equation for second order dynamical systems under parametric and external white noise excitations by L. A. Bergman, B. F. Spencer, S. F. Wojtkiewicz, and E. A. Johnson Stochastic stability of systems with random properties by C. Bucher Oil whirl and oil whip, nonlinear limit-cycle phenomena by S. H. Crandall A basic explanation of homoclinic intersection in the twin-well duffing oscillator by E. H. Dowell and A. L. Katz Stability of superimplicit numerical methods for stochastic differential equations by N. Hofmann and E. Platen Response statistics of nonlinear systems to parametric filtered white noise by R. A. Ibrahim and Y. J. Yoon On robustness of some concepts in stability of stochastic differential equations by R. Z. Khasminskii Prediction of natural frequency and buckling load variability due to uncertainty in material properties by convex modeling by Y. W. Li, I. Elishakoff, J. H. Starnes, and M. Shinozuka Some results related to failure of stochastic structural systems by Y. Lin and G. Q. Cai Chaotic motion in a rotating body with internal energy dissipation by P. A. Meehan and S. F. Asokanthan Numerics for Lyapunov exponents of hypoelliptic linear stochastic systems by V. Wihstutz Vibration mode localization in large randomly disordered continuous beams by W.-C. Xie and S. T. Ariaratnam.
Using latent semantics for NE translation

This paper describes an algorithm that assists in the discovery of Named Entity (NE) translation pairs from large corpora. It is based on Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA) and Cross-Lingual Latent Semantic Indexing (CL-LSI), and is demonstrated to be able to automatically discover new translation pairs in a bootstrapping framework. Some experiments are performed to quantify the interaction between corpus size, features and algorithm parameters, in order to better understand the workings of the proposed approach.
The drafting process for a Hague Convention on jurisdiction and judgments with special consideration of intellectual property and e-commerce

This thesis is a study of the drafting process for the Hague Convention on Jurisdiction and Judgments. It will be demonstrated why the original goal of a broad treaty was given up in favor of a draft convention that only applies in international cases to exclusive choice of court agreements concluded in civil and commercial matters in the business-to-business setting. The reader will get an understanding of how the participating nations and interest groups influenced the negotiations and modified the outcome of the discussions. Special consideration was given to the matters of intellectual property and e-commerce, which were nearly completely excluded from the scope of the present draft. The thesis concludes that the project can only succeed if it includes business-to-consumer e-commerce transaction issues and intellectual property rights. Without the inclusion of these matters into the scope of the Hague Convention, it will lose further importance and face the danger of becoming obsolete. . INDEX WORDS: Hague Conference, Hague Convention on Jurisdiction and Judgments, Drafting Process, Intellectual Property, E-Commerce, Choice of Court Agreements THE DRAFTING PROCESS FOR A HAGUE CONVENTION ON JURISDICTION AND JUDGMENTS WITH SPECIAL CONSIDERATION OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND E – COMMERCE
Response Surface Methods for Bi-Randomization Structures

Cost control, resource availability, and/or difficulty in performing complete randomizations may dictate the necessity to run response surface experiments in a bi-randomization error control format of which the split-plot design is a special case. Respo..
Atypical Neuroimaging Manifestations of Linear Scleroderma “en coup de sabre”

Linear scleroderma "en coup de sabre" is a subset of localized scleroderma with band-like sclerotic lesions typically involving the fronto-parietal regions of the scalp. Patients often present with neurologic symptoms. On imaging, patients may have lesions in the cerebrum ipsilateral to the scalp abnormality. Infratentorial lesions and other lesions not closely associated with the overlying scalp abnormality, such as those found in the cerebellum, have been reported, but are extremely uncommon. We present a case of an 8-year-old boy with a left fronto-parietal "en coup de sabre" scalp lesion and describe the neuroimaging findings of a progressively enlarging left cerebellar lesion discovered incidentally on routine magnetic resonance imaging. Interestingly, the patient had no neurologic symptoms given the size of the mass identified.
The 2-color Rado number of $x_1+x_2+...+x_{m-1}=ax_m$

In 1982, Beutelspacher and Brestovansky proved that for every integer $m\geq 3,$ the 2-color Rado number of the equation $$x_1+x_2+...+x_{m-1}=x_m$$ is $m^2-m-1.$ In 2008, Schaal and Vestal proved that, for every $m\geq 6,$ the 2-color Rado number of $$x_1+x_2+...+x_{m-1}=2x_m$$ is $\lceil \frac{m-1}{2}\lceil\frac{m-1}{2}\rceil\rceil.$ Here we prove that, for every integer $a\geq 3$ and every $m\geq 2a^2-a+2$, the 2-color Rado number of $$x_1+x_2+...+x_{m-1}=ax_m$$ is $\lceil\frac{m-1}{a}\lceil\frac{m-1}{a}\rceil\rceil.$ For the case $a=3,$ we show that our formula gives the Rado number for all $m\geq 7,$ and we determine the Rado number for all $m\geq 3.$
When Deaths Exceed Births: Natural Decrease in the United States

Natural decrease is no longer rare in the United States. By 1989, 34 percent of all U.S. counties had experienced at least one year of it. Natural decrease is most common in rural areas remote from metropolitan centers. Regional concentrations of natural decrease exist in the Great Plains, the Corn Belt, and East Texas with scattered pockets in the Ozark-Ouachita Uplands, Upper Great Lakes, and Florida. Natural decrease is caused by age structure distortions stimulated by protracted, age-specific migration. Although temporal variations in fertility also contribute to natural decrease, these variations are not due to below average fertility. Natural decrease is symptomatic of fundamental changes in the demographic structure of an area.
Effect of chlorthalidone binding on the electrophoretic properties of human red cell carbonic anhydrase isozymes.

The manner in which aromatic sulfonamide inhibitors bind to the carbonic anhydrases can provide us with useful information concerning the mechanisms of carbonic anhydrase action. Although considerable data are now available on carbonic anhydrase-sulfonamide binding kinetics (cf. Maren, 1967; Lindskog et al,, 1972), much less is known about structural changes in carbonic anhydrase brought about by sulfonamide binding. Recently, spectral analyses by King and Burgen (1970) and King and Roberts (1971) of sulfonamide complexes with human carbonic anhydrases, indicate that conformational changes occur in the enzymes as a result of the sulfonamide binding. In the present brief communication, we report some preliminary findings which may provide additional evidence for sulfonamide-induced conformational changes in carbonic anhydrase molecules.
Vasoconstrictors and Local Anesthesia: A Review and Rationale for Use

A more rational philosophy for use of local anesthetics containing a vasoconstrictor has emerged from new data.
Transcatheter closure of patent ductus arteriosus with buttoned device: First successful clinical application in a child

Abstract Several devices are available for transcatheter closure of PDA. Most of the available devices either require complicated intracardiac maneuvering or need a large-sized sheath for implantation of the device. A recently described “buttoned” device developed by Sideris et al. that can be delivered across the ductus via a 7F sheath had undergone successful trials in animal models. Because of the ease of device implantation and the requirement for a smaller-sized sheath for delivery than that used with other devices, we have used this custom-made double-disc device in a 5-year-old child and have shown successful closure of the ductus by angiography and by color Doppler studies. Further clinical trials with this device seem warranted.
Diethylstilbestrol facilitates masculine and feminine copulatory behavior in female rats

Abstract Diethylstilbestrol (DES), which binds to estrogen receptor without crossreacting to androgen receptor, was tested for its ability to facilitate male-typical mounting behavior. The administration of either 30 or 90 μg of DES per day to adult ovariectomized female rats activated mounting behavior in 94% of the animals (last three tests). The response to the two dosages did not differ. The mount frequency response to 30 μg of DES of 6.8 (mean of last three tests) was only about half as high as the response to 100 μg of testosterone propionate. All animals receiving DES also responded with lordosis behavior when mounted. The lower dosage of DES depleted 91% of hypothalamic cytosol estrogen receptors, and the higher dosage 96%. Androgen receptors were not depleted. Thus the synthetic estrogen DES can facilitate masculine sex behavior by interacting with estrogen receptors without binding to or translocating androgen receptors.
Validation of the MOS-HIV as a measure of health-related quality of life in persons living with HIV and liver disease.

Abstract Background. Management of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection with potent antiretroviral medication has transformed HIV into a chronic condition and has shifted much of the burden of disease to co-morbid conditions such as liver disease (LD). LD alone has been shown to have a significant effect on one's health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Clinical evidence suggests that the growing number of persons living with HIV+LD may have a poorer HRQOL than persons with HIV without LD. To date, the widely accepted instrument to assess HRQOL, Medical Outcomes Study-HIV Health Survey (MOS-HIV), has not been evaluated for reliability and validity in a population of HIV-infected persons with LD. Methods. HRQOL was prospectively assessed using the MOS-HIV in a sample of 532 HIV-infected adults on antiretroviral therapy (n=305 HIV and n=227 HIV+LD). In addition, participants completed standardized questionnaires of sociodemographics and co-morbid conditions. Results. The psychometric properties of th...
Abstract 4532: Nucleolin inhibits Hdm2-mediated p53 ubiquitination using multiple interactions

Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC Nucleolin is a multifunctional abundant nucleolar protein whose transcriptional expression is trans-activated by the proto-oncogene c-myc during exponential cellular growth. This non-ribosomal protein has defined roles in ribosomal RNA processing and transcriptional regulation of various genes including rRNA. Following cellular stress, nucleolin has been shown to inhibit chromosomal replication and to relay nucleolar stress signals mediated by its sub-nuclear re-localization. Thus, nucleolin has been demonstrated to have both positive and negative effects on cell proliferation. We have previously demonstrated that nucleolin binds to the p53-antagonist Hdm2 and inhibits Hdm2-mediated degradation of p53 albeit independent of the ARF (Alternate Reading Frame) tumor suppressor protein. Nucleolin also reduces Hdm2 protein levels by an unknown mechanism when over-expressed in cells to levels found in a variety of cancer cells. Here we have delineated that multiple domains of both nucleolin and Hdm2 are involved in distinct nucleolin-Hdm2 interactions in unstressed cells. Our data indicates that the nucleolin N-terminus as well as the central RNA-binding domain (RBD) are predominantly involved in binding to Hdm2, as determined by Far-Western as well as GST-binding assays in vitro. While the N-terminus of nucleolin was found associated with the Hdm2 RING domain, the nucleolin RBDs robustly bound to the NLS/NES (nuclear localization and export signals) domain of Hdm2. The C-terminal GAR (Glycine-Arginine Rich) domain of nucleolin, shown previously to be essential for association with p53, did not bind Hdm2 yet was found to stimulate Hdm2-mediated p53-ubiquitination. Conversely, the nucleolin RBD that strongly interacted with Hdm2 was found to inhibit the Hdm2 E3 ligase activity against p53, leading to p53 stabilization. There was no significant effect of over-expression of nucleolin or its various domains on Hdm2-autoubiquitination in cells. Similarly, the phosphorylation status of nucleolin did not significantly influence its binding to Hdm2. As might be expected from a key rRNA processing factor, our findings suggest that the activity of nucleolin towards Hdm2 can be modulated to yield either p53 up- or down-regulation. Our studies can aid in the future design of small molecule-based cancer therapeutics that can stimulate the wild-type p53 checkpoint in variety of cancers. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4532.
Systemic Capillary Leak Syndrome as an Initial Presentation of ALK-Negative Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma

Systemic capillary leak syndrome (SCLS) is a rare disease characterized by third spacing of plasma into the extravascular compartment, leading to anasarca, hemoconcentration, and hypovolemic shock. It has been rarely associated with lymphomas, and reports usually indicate that it occurs after antineoplastic treatment. We present the case of a patient with ALK-negative anaplastic large cell lymphoma who presented with SCLS as the initial manifestation of her lymphoma. The SCLS resolved with treatment of the malignancy with steroids and chemotherapy.
THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT FLUID AND ELECTROLYTE INTAKES ON MOBILIZATION OF THE NEONATAL TISSUE WATER RESERVOIR

THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT FLUID AND ELECTROLYTE INTAKES ON MOBILIZATION OF THE NEONATAL TISSUE WATER RESERVOIR
Can We Succeed in Teaching Business Students to Write Effectively

This article presents the results of a study where business students’ writing skills were assessed using an external objective measure in a business communication course. The student performance wa...
Rishon model of quarks and leptons with double SU(2) symmetry and Dirac magnetic moments

Abstract Two-doublet rishon models are proposed to avoid some of the kinematic and dynamic difficulties of the single-doublet rishon model. One has point-like magnetic moments only for leptons. The other, based on an anti-pairing hypothesis, has point-like leptons and quarks.
Post-exercise heart rate recovery in individuals with spinal cord injury.

Prospective comparison of spinal cord injured (SCI) subjects and ambulatory subjects. To determine the effects of the presence and level of SCI on heart rate recovery (HRR). Outpatient SCI center. HRR was determined in 63 SCI subjects (26 with tetraplegia, 22 with high-level paraplegia, 15 with low-level paraplegia) and 26 ambulatory subjects. To adjust for differences in heart rate reserve between groups (HRpeak minus HRrest), HRR was also ‘normalized’ to a range of 1 at peak heart rate and to 0 at 8 min, and the shapes of HRR curves were compared. Although absolute HRR was similar between high- and low-level paraplegia, it was significantly more rapid in participants with paraplegia at 2, 5 and 8 min after exercise than in those with tetraplegia (39±14 vs 29±14 b.p.m., P<0.05; 51±14 vs 33±16 b.p.m., P<0.01 and 52±16 vs 36±17 b.p.m., P<0.01, respectively). HRR among ambulatory subjects was more rapid than among those with tetraplegia at all time points in recovery. However, when normalized for heart rate reserve, HRR was significantly more rapid in tetraplegic subjects (P<0.001 vs paraplegia and ambulatory subjects). In SCI, HRR is strongly associated with the peak exercise level and peak heart rate achieved during exercise testing.
Rayleigh scattering experiments on the formation and growth of water clusters nucleated from the vapor phase

Abstract An experimental investigation of homogeneous gas phase nucleation of water vapor in the neighborhood of the triple point is presented. The primary objective is to determine whether the starting or critical size clusters below 0°C are liquid or solid. The nucleation rate for water clustering is about 10 13 times that for ice, and thus will condense at lower supersaturations. A continuous flow of steam is adiabatically cooled by passing it through a Laval nozzle. Measurements of static pressure and laser scattering are made through the nozzle. Near the onset of condensation the cluster radius is about 5–10 A so that Rayleigh scattering prevails. The inlet pressure to the nozzle is varied so that the locus of points of onset pass through 0°C. The data indicate that all the nucleation experiments in the range 0 to −30°C begin as supercooled droplets. This result is not dependent on the particular nucleation theory used and is consistent with other work.
Measurement of the magnetic moment and of the decay parameters of the Ξ − hyperon

A measurement of the magnetic moment and of the decay parameters of the ${\ensuremath{\Xi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ hyperon is reported. The measurement gave ${\ensuremath{\mu}}_{\ensuremath{\Xi}}=(\ensuremath{-}2.1\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.8)$ nuclear magnetons, corresponding to a gyromagnetic ratio of ${g}_{\ensuremath{\Xi}}=4.2\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.6$. The measured ${\ensuremath{\Xi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ decay parameters are ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{\ensuremath{\Xi}}=\ensuremath{-}0.39\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.05$, ${\ensuremath{\beta}}_{\ensuremath{\Xi}}=0.08\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.26$, ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{\ensuremath{\Xi}}=0.92\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.03$ (${\ensuremath{\varphi}}_{\ensuremath{\Xi}}=5\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}16\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}$); and the lifetime ${\ensuremath{\tau}}_{\ensuremath{\Xi}}=(1.637\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.050)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}10}$ sec. In the accepted angular range for the production of the ${\ensuremath{\Xi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ (about $4.2\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}l{\ensuremath{\theta}}_{\mathrm{lab}}l11.5\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}$) in the reaction ${K}^{\ensuremath{-}}+p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{+}+{\ensuremath{\Xi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$, the polarization of the ${\ensuremath{\Xi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ is 0.29 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.10, 0.44 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.09, 0.36 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.10, and 0.21 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.06 at laboratory momenta of 1.74, 1.80, 1.87, and 1.83 GeV/c, respectively.
Marketing margin and determinants of net returns of beef marketing in southeast Nigeria

This study examined: the marketing costs, margins and returns of retailed beef meat in southeast Nigeria; factors influencing the traders' net returns; problems associated with marketing of beef; and the socio-economic characteristics of respondent traders. Sixty respondents were selected at random, with 20 respondents from each of three purposively selected markets in the study area. A structured interview schedule and personal observations were sources of primary data. The field data were analysed using cost-return principles, multiple regression analysis and descriptive statistics. The gross margin for trading was 9,790 (=US$81.58) per 250 kg dressed meat, with a net return of 8,605 (=US$71.71) and an average sales receipt of 78,400 (= US$653.33). The cost of meat, transport costs, other costs (garage fees, storage, taxes), experience in the trade and level of education significantly (p < 0.05) affected the traders' net returns. Insufficient capital, inadequate stock supply, high transport cost and storage were identified as the major problems associated with meat trading in the study area. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Expression of Platelet-Derived Growth Factor and Its Receptor in Rat Neuronal and Astroglial Cultures

Abstract Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is a potent mitogen and differentiation signal for glial cells in the central nervous system. Several lines of evidence have indicated that neurons are one source of PDGF. We present data suggesting that they may respond to a PDGF signal as well. Immunofluorescence techniques have been used to demonstrate the presence of PDGF and its receptor in both neurons and glial cells isolated from developing rat brain and maintained in vitro. Similar findings hold either in medium supplemented with serum or under serum-free conditions. PDGF receptor β subunit (PDGF-Rβ)-like immunoreactivity was found encrusting the surface of cultured neurons. Virtually all neurons in this study contained PDGF-Rβ on the surface of the perikaryon and on neuronal processes down to their fine distal tips. PDGF receptor was found on neurons cultured in serum-containing or serum-free medium, and in cultures with few glial cells as well as neuronal-glial co-cultures. Neurons and glial cells also contain PDGF subunits (designated PDGF-A and PDGF-B), revealed by immunofluorescence staining. Isoform-specific antibodies stain cultured neurons and glia in either serum-containing or serum-free medium. The identity of stained cells was confirmed using double- or triple-labeling immunofluorescence procedures for simultaneous localization of PDGF isoforms, PDGF receptor, phosphorylated neurofilament protein, and/or glial fibrillary acidic protein. These studies indicate that both neurons and glia contain platelet-derived growth factor and carry the PDGF receptor on their cell surface in vitro. While the localization of PDGF and its receptor have previously been considered separately, the present study demonstrates that both the growth factor and the receptor are expressed by the same population of neurons, indicating that PDGF may act us an autocrine factor regulating neuronal differentiation.
Convergence of a fourth-order singular perturbation of the n-dimensional radially symmetric Monge–Ampère equation

This paper concerns with the convergence analysis of a fourth-order singular perturbation of the Dirichlet Monge–Ampere problem in the n-dimensional radial symmetric case. A detailed study of the fourth- order problem is presented. In particular, various a priori estimates with explicit dependence on the perturbation parameter e are derived, and a crucial convexity property is also proved for the solution of the fourth-order problem. Using these estimates and the convexity property, we prove that the solution of the perturbed problem converges uniformly and compactly to the unique convex viscosity solution of the Dirichlet Monge–Ampere problem. Rates of convergence in the Hk-norm for k = 0, 1, 2 are also established.
Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-5 is cleaved by physiological concentrations of thrombin.

Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-binding protein-5 (IGFBP-5) is cleaved by a serine protease that is secreted by fibroblasts and porcine smooth muscle cells (pSMC) in culture. To investigate whether other serine proteases could cleave this substrate at physiologically relevant concentrations, we determined the proteolytic effects of thrombin on IGFBP-5. Human alpha-thrombin (0.0008 NIH U/ml) cleaved IGFBP-5 into 24-, 23-, and 20-kDa non-IGF-I-binding fragments. Cleavage occurred at a physiologically relevant thrombin concentration. The effect was specific for IGFBP-5, as other forms of IGFBPs, e.g. IGFBP-1, IGFBP-2, and IGFBP-4 were not cleaved by thrombin. Although IGFBP-3 was cleaved by thrombin, this effect required a 50-fold greater thrombin concentration. [35S]Methionine labeling followed by immunoprecipitation confirmed that IGFBP-5 that was constitutively synthesized by pSMC cultures was also degraded by thrombin into 24-, 23-, and 20-kDa fragments. The binding of IGF-I to IGFBP-5 partially inhibited IGFBP-5 degradation by thrombin, and an IGF analog that does not bind to IGFBP-5 had no effect. Thrombin did not account for the serine protease activity that had been shown previously to be present in pSMC-conditioned medium. This was proven by showing that 1) no immunoreactive thrombin could be detected in the pSMC-conditioned medium; 2) the IGFBP-5 fragments that were generated by thrombin showed three cleavage sites (Arg192-Ala193, Arg156-Ile157, and Lys120-His121), whereas the serine protease in conditioned medium cleaves IGFBP-5 at a different site; and 3) hirudin had no effect on IGFBP-5 cleavage by the protease in pSMC medium; however, it inhibited IGFBP-5 degradation by thrombin. To determine the physiological significance of IGFBP-5 cleavage, the effect of an IGFBP-5 mutant that is resistant to cleavage by the pSMC protease and has been shown to inhibit IGF-I actions in pSMC was determined. This mutant inhibited IGF-I-stimulated DNA synthesis, but if thrombin was added simultaneously, IGF-I was fully active. In summary, physiological concentrations of thrombin degrade IGFBP-5. Degradation can be blocked by hirudin and is partially inhibited by IGF-I binding. Generation of active thrombin in vessel walls may be a physiologically relevant mechanism for controlling IGF-I bioactivity.
Induction of chromosome- and chromatid-type aberrations by phleomycin.

Abstract When lateral roots of Vicia faba are treated with tritiated thymidine and phleomycin, it is found that all aberrations induced by the chemical before total mitotic inhibition are in unlabeled (G 2 ) cells. After recovery from mitotic inhibition, numerous chromosome-type aberrations are seen in metaphase cells. Treatment for 24 h results in differential erosion of some nuclei, with dense accumulations of Feulgen-positive material around the nucleoli.
Template basis techniques for pattern recognition

The purpose of this paper is to present an approach to pattern recognition which acknowledges theories in the fields of perception, the human visual system and decomposition. It is hoped that by taking a panoramic view of the subject matter that insights into the issue may uncover a possible course of action. At the very least, there should be evidence that certain tools used in the process adequately fit the analysis of the problem. The contemporary perceptual theory to classification recognizes the fundamental concepts of scale and localization. The visual system can solve problems that would be intractable using a single depiction of a scene by having access to representations at different spatial scales. Enhancement, analysis and compression are the areas of image processing most germane to pattern recognition. And the simplest statistical approach to identifying patterns utilizes templates. All these properties can be inherently exploited in the wavelet domain. By unifying the process of noise reduction, segmentation, feature extraction and classification it is possible to develop a general technique which might not be optimal but has the advantage of being computationally efficient. All the desired properties that are required in an analytic task of this nature are captured with multiresolution analysis.© (1996) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Proofs as descriptions of computation

A proof of ∀x∃yϕ(x,y) can serve as a description of an algorithm which satisfies the specification given by ϕ. A variety of techniques from proof theory may be used to execute such a proof — that is, to take the proof and a value for x, and compute a value for y such that ϕ(x,y) holds. Proofs differ from ordinary programs in that they formalize information about algorithms beyond what is needed for the simple execution of the algorithm. This paper concerns (I) the uses of this additional information in the automatic transformation of algorithms, and in particular, in the adaptation of algorithms to special situations, and (2) efficient methods for executing and transforming proofs. A system for manipulating proofs has been implemented. Results of experiments on the specialization of a bin-packing algorithm are described.
How teachers teach, how students learn: “doing” history and opening windows

For the history teacher, the next 10 to 15 years will contain important elements of continuity, as well as interesting new opportunities. Much of today's information landscape will not be so much supplanted by new technology as supplemented by it. Some opportunities probably won't be pursued because of faculty conservatism and also because of considerable unevenness in the ability of different institutions to pay for parts of the new technology. Still, many history teachers will be confronting more information resources that are available for their (and their students') work, in a much greater variety of formats. A history faculty member must become even more of a coordinator, helping to arrange his or her students' encounters with the resources they need to do history. This article is adapted from Teaching and Technology: The Impact of Unlimited Information Access on Classroom Technology (Ann Arbor: Pierian Press, 1991); for information on the book, please see page 82.