cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Muscle strengthening activities and mortality with considerations by hearing sensitivity.

AbstractObjective: Research demonstrates that hearing impairment is associated with premature all-cause mortality. Emerging work indicates that physical activity is associated with hearing sensitivity and muscle strengthening activities (MSA) are favorably associated mortality in the general population. Whether MSA can promote survival among those with hearing impairment is, at this point, unknown, which was this study’s objective. Design: Prospective cohort study using data from the 2003–2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, with follow-up through 2011. Study sample: 1482 adult (20–85 years) participants comprised the analytic sample. Results: Among the study participants, 152 died over the follow-up period (10.26%; unweighted); the unweighted median follow-up period was 89 months (IQR = 74–98 months). Among adults with moderate or greater hearing loss who achieved the United States Department of Health and Human Services guidelines for MSA (2 + sessions/week), they were at a 71% reduced...
Distinguishing Mediational Models and Analyses in Clinical Psychology: Atemporal Associations Do Not Imply Causation.

Purpose A popular way to attempt to discern causality in clinical psychology is through mediation analysis. However, mediation analysis is sometimes applied to research questions in clinical psychology when inferring causality is impossible. This practice may soon increase with new, readily available, and easy-to-use statistical advances. Thus, we here provide a heuristic to remind clinical psychological scientists of the assumptions of mediation analyses. Approach We describe recent statistical advances and unpack assumptions of causality in mediation, underscoring the importance of time in understanding mediational hypotheses and analyses in clinical psychology. Example analyses demonstrate that statistical mediation can occur despite theoretical mediation being improbable. Conclusion We propose a delineation of mediational effects derived from cross-sectional designs into the terms temporal and atemporal associations to emphasize time in conceptualizing process models in clinical psychology. The general implications for mediational hypotheses and the temporal frameworks from within which they may be drawn are discussed.
The Patterns and Impacts of Turkish Immigration to the European Union

Since the early 1960s, Turkish nationals have immigrated to the European Union in large numbers. Germany, the Netherlands, and Belgium have the highest Turkish populations in the European Union and have managed differing models of incorporation. A number of motivating factors have contributed to the unflagging numbers of Turks such as the implementation of guest-worker programs, the reunification of families, and microstructures within migratory chains. Though the likelihood of Turkey gaining membership to the European Union has dimmed as of late, the mere possibility of its joining warrants the analysis of Turkish immigration to the EU, as it could shed light on the social and economic changes that could occur with Turkish membership to the EU. This analytical paper will detail the impacts of the varying methods of incorporation employed by the receiving countries and examine the historical patterns and impacts of Turkish immigration in the European Union.
Effect of postchill aging and sodium tripolyphosphate on moisture binding properties, color, and Warner-Bratzler shear values of chicken breast meat

The objective of this study was to assess the effects of treating chicken breast forequarters with sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) after various postchill storage times on meat quality. Sixty-four commercially reared broilers (two replicates of 32 birds each) were slaughtered and chilled, and then the forequarters (split breasts with spine and ribs) were harvested and aged for 0, 120, 180, or 240 min postchill. After each aging period, one forequarter from each of 16 birds was marinated with a NaCl solution and the opposite forequarter was marinated with the same NaCl solution containing STPP. The quarters were then cooked and the following traits measured: marinade absorption, cooking loss, objective color values, and Warner-Bratzler shear values. As aging time prior to marination increased, cooking loss and redness of the cooked meat decreased, but marinade absorption and the color values were unaffected. The STPP treatment increased marinade absorption, decreased cooking losses, and decreased cooked meat redness (P < 0.05). Shear values decreased with aging time for both the control and STPP-treated breast meat. When the STPP treatment was applied immediately after carcass chilling, the STPP-treated meat exhibited shear values more than 60% greater than those of the controls (9.14 and 5.69 kg, respectively). Results indicate that time postchill at which further processed products are treated with STPP can have a significant effect on quality, especially cooked product texture.
The Spread Of An Innovation

WHEN ONE ASKS how new scientific or techno logical ideas spread from their creators to poten tial users, adequate answers are hard to find. There are a number of studies of diffusion of agri cultural information, due in part to the efforts of the Federal Extension Service of the United States Department of Agriculture, which permit "field" studies in their natural settings. The majority of these reports, over the past thirty years, have ap peared in Rural Sociology, and have investigated sociological variables almost exclusively. In an entirely different direction, Coleman, Katz, and Menzel (1960) have studied four communities of doctors, specifically with respect to some of the variables underlying adoption of a new drug. The authors were interested in how knowledge of the in novation spread among doctors, the time-curve of adoption, the patterns of communication a m ong doctors and its effects on adoption, how the results of use were evaluated, and factors leading to indi vidual doctors' predispositions toward adoption. These two areas of study, agriculture and drug therapy, are illustrative examples of the spread of innovation in the natural sciences. Two recent books have reviewed a wide range of literature of diffusion of innovation, covering primarily natural science innovation, although between them, they have included studies from many other areas. Ev erett M. Rogers' The Diffusion of Innovations (19 62) is the most general source on this subject, al though the volume edited by D. H. Ross, Adminis tration for Adaptability (1958) covers over 150 dif fusion studies.
Breakdown of Lindane and Aldrin in Soils

A muck soil, Miami silt loam and a sandy loam were treated in 1954 with lindane at rates of 10 and 100 pounds per 6-inch acre and aldrin at rates of 2,20, and 200 pounds per 6-ineh acre. Laboratory experiments were conducted, where a Miami silt loam was treated with either lindane or aldrin at a rate of 10 p.p.m. Lindane was found to break down within 2 weeks after application to a nontoxic compound, which was still detected by the colorimetric method for lindane, but not by bioassay. Two weeks after treatment the quantity estimated by bioassay amounted to 66% of that obtained by chemical analysis. Even after 3 years the same ratio was found between bioassay and chemical results. When field samples were analyzed, 3½ years after treatment, the quantity estimated by bioassay amounted to 46% of that obtained by chemical analysis. Aldrin was found to be converted into dieldrin, which first was indicated by higher recoveries obtained by bioassay. Chemical analysis for dieldrin proved the presence of this insecticide in soils. It was found that relatively more dieldrin was formed in a sandy loam and in soils which had been treated at lower concentrations and which were held at higher temperatures. Experiments conducted in the laboratory showed that 2 weeks after treatment no dieldrin was formed in a loam having; been held at 7° In soils, having; been held at 26° C. or 46° C., 4 to 8% of the recovered insecticides were found to be dieldrin. The peak of dieldrin formation was reached 56 days after treatment, followed by a decrease.
Sedimentary record of caldera-forming eruptions, Eocene Challis volcanic field, Idaho

Large explosive eruptions and base-level change by synsedimentary faulting controlled fluvial geometry in deposits 35 km downstream from the Van Horn Peak cauldron complex, Idaho. Eruptions varied the volume and size of sediment load. The major impact of large eruptions was a marked increase in the proportion of sand-sized pyroclastic material (from 42% to 93%). Smaller eruptions, in contrast, increased only the washload component. Following major eruptions, the river developed into a multichannel system characterized by wide (75+m) and shallow (≈0.5 m) channels. The sedimentary record of this system is a sheet sandstone with width:thickness ratios ranging from 42:1 to 83:1 in the best-exposed sandstone body. The sheets comprise 86% sandstone with low-amplitude stratification. Most of this is planar-laminated sandstone with tabular geometry. This laminated sheet assemblage is an unusual sedimentary accumulation for perennial rivers. The assemblage represents accumulation under a combination of base-level rise associated with faulting and increased sandy sediment loads produced by eruptions. These factors created an environment conducive to rapid aggradation. Declining sandy sediment loads, together with influx of fine ash (mud-sized) sediment caused the river to change to a single-channel system characterized by more stable and deep channels. The sedimentary record of this system is the mudrock-sandstone assemblage that has 46% overbank deposits with a significant mudrock fraction. Channel sandstone bodies in this assemblage are smaller sheets with width:thickness ratios ranging from 8:1 to 25:1.
Development of Antibodies to Botulinum Toxin Type A in Patients with Torticollis Treated with Injections of Botulinum Toxin Type A

Botulinum toxin (botox) injections are now recognized as a major means of treating focal dystonia, e.g. blepharospasm,1,2 torticollis,3–9 and spastic dysphonia.10 Botox has also been used with success in treating patients with dystonia of jaw and other lower facial muscles,11 brachial dystonia,12,13 and a variety of other hyperkinetic movement disorders. Although local side effects, such as ptosis after blepharospasm injections and dysphagia after neck or tongue injections, may complicate treatment in a minority of patients, systemic side effects after therapeutic botox injections are uncommon. In most centers, early experience with the use of botox for blepharospasm, in doses of 25–100 units every three months, indicated that loss of benefit did not occur (a unit of botox is the mouse LD50 by intraperitoneal injection). Treatment of torticollis requires higher doses of botox, about 150u-300u every 3 months. At these doses, patients have been recognized with antibodies to botox in sufficient titers to block all clinical effect.14,15,16,17 In addition, some patients may have loss of response to botox, and failure to develop muscle atrophy after botox injections, without the presence of detectable serum antibodies. The prevalence of these problems inpatients receiving botox therapy for torticollis is not known. Nonetheless, they are a major therapeutic problem for some patients. We have reviewed our experience in treating torticollis with botox to determine the prevalence of antibody mediated resistance to botox, and to identify possible risk factors for the development of loss of response to botox.
Effects of adhesive composition on microtensile bond strength to human dentin

PURPOSE To evaluate the role of adhesive composition (solvent and filler content) on microtensile bond strength (muTBS) to human dentin. MATERIALS AND METHODS 15 third molars were ground to expose superficial dentin, which was polished to 600-grit. The dentin was etched for 15 s with 37.5% phosphoric acid, rinsed, and blotted with tissue paper. The surface remained visibly moist for all specimens. The following adhesives were applied to the etched dentin according to manufacturers' directions: Single Bond (SB), experimental Single Bond (with filler) (ExpSB), Prime & Bond NT (NT), experimental Prime & Bond NT (without nanofiller) (ExpNT), and One Coat Bond (with filler) (OC). Each adhesive was applied to three teeth, and a cylinder of resin-based composite was built up on the occlusal surface. After 24-hour water storage, each tooth was vertically sectioned with a low-speed saw to produce a series of 0.7 mm slabs. Each slab was then sectioned to obtain "sticks" with a cross-sectional area ranging from 0.35 to 0.45 mm2. muTBS were determined using an Instron universal testing machine. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, and Duncan's test. RESULTS For filled adhesives, mean bond strengths ranged from 57.9 MPa for ExpSB to 48.2 MPa for NT. The unfilled adhesives SB and ExpNT had mean bond strengths of 75.9 MPa and 38.7 MPa, respectively. Unfilled SB had a significantly higher mean bond strength than the experimental filled version. The ethanol-based adhesive SB had a significantly higher mean bond strength than either the nonvolatile solvent-based OC or the acetone-based NT.
Culture and postcolonial resistance: Antigua in Kincaid’s A Small Place

Abstract This paper uses postcolonial theory to analyze Jamaica Kincaid’s quasi-autobiographical book, A Small Place. Kincaid’s critique of tourism in Antigua reverses traditional travel writing trends in which First World perceptions of the Third World dominate. She discursively dismantles the imaginative geographies of empire that cement binary oppositions, such as tourist/native and black/white. She collapses these binaries to illustrate the intricate ways in which the global neocolonial ethos created by economic dependencies manifest. Arguing that tourism is implicated in this hegemonic process, she utilizes the metaphor of a guided tour to redirect the imperial gaze. Kincaid argues that legacies of colonial oppression can change once tourist and host value the same things in the shared space of the contact zone.
Charge Correlation Measurements of Double-Sided Direct-Coupled Silicon Microstripe Detectors

Charge correlation measurements of several Micron 38 mm by 58 mm by 300 micron thick double-sided DC-coupled microstripe detectors have been made. They have been bench tested with a Sr-90 source, with the detectors operated at -22 degrees Celsius. The correlation of the charges collected from both the diode (“holes”) and the ohmic (“electrons”) stripes are equal within a signal to noise resolution of 20:1 (i.e., 1200 electrons noise) using common-mode subtracted double-correlated sampling with the Berkeley SVXD readout chip.
Differential Contributions of Olfactory Receptor Neurons in a Drosophila Olfactory Circuit

The ability of an animal to detect, discriminate, and respond to odors depends on the functions of its olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). The extent to which each ORN, upon activation, contributes to chemotaxis is not well understood. We hypothesized that strong activation of each ORN elicits a different behavioral response in the Drosophila melanogaster larva by differentially affecting the composition of its navigational behavior. To test this hypothesis, we exposed Drosophila larvae to specific odorants to analyze the effect of individual ORN activity on chemotaxis. We used two different behavioral paradigms to analyze the chemotaxis response of larvae to odorants. When tested with five different odorants that elicit strong physiological responses from single ORNs, larval behavioral responses toward each odorant differed in the strength of attraction as well as in the composition of discrete navigational elements, such as runs and turns. Further, behavioral responses to odorants did not correlate with either the strength of odor gradients tested or the sensitivity of each ORN to its cognate odorant. Finally, we provide evidence that wild-type larvae with all ORNs intact exhibit higher behavioral variance than mutant larvae that have only a single pair of functional ORNs. We conclude that individual ORNs contribute differently to the olfactory circuit that instructs chemotactic responses. Our results, along with recent studies from other groups, suggest that ORNs are functionally nonequivalent units. These results have implications for understanding peripheral odor coding.
The Day of the Dead: Celebrating the Continuity of Life and Death

(1997). The Day of the Dead: Celebrating the Continuity of Life and Death. Liturgy: Vol. 14, No. 1, pp. 28-40.
Rights instruction for undergraduate students: Needs, trends, and resources

As librarians are increasingly identified as rights experts on campus, it is essential that they understand rights issues and how best to communicate them to a multitude of users. While scholarly l...
Casa de citas. José Martí, Oscar Wilde y el renacimiento de la fotografía de autor

El articulo reexamina dos cronicas de Jose Marti en las que el intelectual cubano discute el arribo y primera presentacion publica de Oscar Wilde en Nueva York. La propuesta de lectura sospecha sobre estas cronicas y propone leer criticamente las maneras en las que Marti cita a ciegas al excentrico dandi irlandes. El articulo lee la primera cronica de Marti sobre Wilde, aquella aparecida en Caracas el 21 de enero de 1882, como un artefacto que da cuenta de la emergencia de la fotografia de autor. Asimismo, propone como las fotografias que Wilde se toma en Nueva York y las polemicas que las rodean constituyen un renacimiento de la fotografia de autor que sirve como vehiculo autofigurativo y ensayo de autonomia material para una nueva especie de escritor en America Latina.
Writing and Women’s Retention in Engineering:

Engineering disciplines have focused on recruiting and retaining women, assessing factors that contribute to decisions to enter or exit the field at every level. While many studies have examined wr...
Loss of endothelial planar cell polarity and cellular clearance mechanisms in age-related macular degeneration

Apoptosis, autophagosomes, and lysosomes are lacking in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) eyes. Necrosis, not apoptosis, appeared to be the prominent type of cell death in RPE, which led to the accumulation of cell debris within and on both sides of Bruch's membrane. The endothelium of the choriocapillaris had an altered planar cell polarity which encompassed the disappearance of fenestrations, the thickening of cytoplasm, and anterior nuclear dislocation. There were no significant differences in RPE and choroidal aberrations between macular and temporal regions. Loss of endothelial polarity could be at the crux of AMD initiation and progression.
When Washing Rice, Know That the Water Is Your Own Life: An Essay on Dōgen in the Age of Fast Food

This chapter calls attention to the absence of philosophic study on the subject of food and explores its implications. The essay frames this absence in terms of a “bi-fold non-appearance of food” (a widespread mindlessness and ignorance toward the essential component of life that is food). The consequences of food’s bi-fold non-appearance can be viewed clearly in our increasingly distanced relationship with food, our rapid loss of cultural food knowledge, and companies purposefully concealing knowledge about their practices. The essay warns that the dire state of our relationship with food is a symptom of a much larger “non-appearance of nature,” where mindlessness has led to massive man-made ecological disasters.
Rectal administration of vigabatrin achieves higher plasma concentration than oral administration

Vigabatrin is a synthetic GABA derivative that is used to treat infantile spasms and as an adjunctive therapy in resistant cases of epilepsy. We present an 18-month-old white male with a history of infantile spasms, very well controlled on oral phenobarbital, and vigabatrin 55 mg/kg BID, who was admitted for urgent surgical management of esophageal obstruction. Vigabatrin is known to be administered orally only with a bioavailability of 80%. As oral administration was not possible, the medicine was crushed and dissolved in 15 cc of water to be administered rectally. The patient achieved serum level three times higher than the oral route. Our case suggests that rectal administration of vigabatrin might be an efficient route to achieve therapeutic drug-plasma level.
Machine Learning and Deep Learning Techniques to Predict Overall Survival of Brain Tumor Patients using MRI Images

This paper presents a method to automatically predict the survival rate of patients with a glioma brain tumor by classifying the patients MRI image using machine learning (ML) methods. The dataset used in this study is BraTS 2017, which provides 163 samples; each sample has four sequences of MRI brain images, the overall survival time in days, and the patients age. The dataset is labeled into three classes of survivors: short-term, mid-term, and long-term. To improve the prediction results, various types of features were extracted and trained by various ML methods. Features considered included volumetric, statistical and intensity texture, histograms and deep features; ML techniques employed included support vector machine (SVM), k-nearest neighbors (KNN), linear discriminant, tree, ensemble and logistic regression. The best prediction accuracy based on classification is achieved by using deep learning features extracted by a pre-trained convolutional neural network (CNN) and was trained by a linear discriminant.
Two-Dimensional Non-denaturing Gel Electrophoresis for Characterization of Proteins in Multi-molecular Particles by Mass Spectrometry

Analysis of intact multi-molecular complexes by gel electrophoresis requires the use of non-denaturing conditions. Agarose is the matrix of choice for separation of large, intact complexes because gels with larger pore sizes can be more readily prepared and manipulated compared to acrylamide. In the absence of SDS (or any other denaturant), the separation is based on both the average electrical surface charge density (σ) and the effective radius (R E). In order to separately measure σ and R E, two dimensions of electrophoresis are required. Native 1-D and 2-D agarose gel electrophoresis (AGE) have been used for analysis of bacteriophages and related particles, clathrin coated vesicles, cross-linked microtubules, multi-enzyme complexes, protein/polysaccharide vaccines, and ribosomes. 2-D AGE has proved to be especially valuable for characterization of bacteriophages and related particles because not only is information obtained about particle σ and R E, but also, the separated particles can be isolated from the agarose gel and examined by microscopy or subjected to DNA or protein analysis, as illustrated in this chapter for bacteriophage T3 proteins.
Metagenomic Characterization of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Full-Scale Reclaimed Water Distribution Systems and Corresponding Potable Systems

Water reclamation provides a valuable resource for meeting nonpotable water demands. However, little is known about the potential for wastewater reuse to disseminate antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Here, samples were collected seasonally in 2014–2015 from four U.S. utilities’ reclaimed and potable water distribution systems before treatment, after treatment, and at five points of use (POU). Shotgun metagenomic sequencing was used to profile the resistome (i.e., full contingent of ARGs) of a subset (n = 38) of samples. Four ARGs (qnrA, blaTEM, vanA, sul1) were quantified by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Bacterial community composition (via 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing), horizontal gene transfer (via quantification of intI1 integrase and plasmid genes), and selection pressure (via detection of metals and antibiotics) were investigated as potential factors governing the presence of ARGs. Certain ARGs were elevated in all (sul1; p ≤ 0.0011) or some (blaTEM, qnrA; p ≤ 0.0145) reclaimed POU s...
The Aim of Every Political Constitution: The American Founders and the Election of Trump

Trump’s election renewed discussion about the Electoral College, mostly centered on its disparity with the popular vote. Yet much commentary about the Electoral College neglects its original purpose grounded in the Founders’ concern to provide for indirect election to many important offices. The Founders’ project entailed determining the people’s aptitude to elect the types of individuals desirable for high office, in an attempt to harmonize their dual commitments to political right and political legitimacy. The Electoral College’s function was soon frustrated by the rise of political parties, yet parties came to serve at least part of that function, with party leaders standing as a moderating force between the people and the presidency. However, the 2016 elections suggest that parties no longer play this intermediary role effectively. Examining the steps that led to this result, we seek to provide a reminder of the enduring thesis that the dangers inherent in republicanism require creative republican remedies.
Exercise preferences among emerging adults: Do men and women want different things?

The purpose of this study was to examine exercise preferences of college students (CS), and explore potential gender differences to inform interventions. Participants (N = 187, 18–25 years) complet...
Measurement and Function of Neuropeptides

Peptides are now known to be a class of intercellular messengers that are widely distributed throughout the central nervous system, peripheral nervous system, and various organs of the gastrointestinal tract. An intercellular messenger may be defined as “a substance released from one cell that is capable of modifying the functional activity of another neighboring or distant cell” (Brown & Fisher, 1984). Intercellular messengers may be hormones as in the classical sense or neurotropic substances that interact as neurotransmitters in the CNS. Most of the evidence for the action of neuropeptides as neurotransmitters centers on physiological and pharmacological-like activity of peptides administered exogenously, as well as identification of peptide receptors and to a limited extent the use of peptide antagonists. The actual measurement of release of neuropeptides has been limited, particularly as regards a neurotropic role in the CNS.
Implications of Episodic Nonequilibrium Fracture-Matrix Flow on Repository Performance

Some of the possible water transport mechanisms through fractured rock in the unsaturated zone at Yucca Mountain are studied to analyze the performance of a high-level nuclear repository at the potential Yucca Mountain site. Analysis shows that water can flow in fractures as opposed to flow through the rock matrix if the incoming flux and the fracture aperture size exceed critical values. The rock matrix does not have to be nearly saturated for fracture flow to occur because the fractures and matrix can be in capillary disequilibrium during transient episodic infiltration events. As an example, the type of flow, fracture or matrix, is calculated for vertical fractures in the hydrogeologic units at Yucca Mountain. The results affect such issues as natural and total system performance, site characterization activities, and site suitability determination. Also, the important differences between an unsaturated an a saturated site are pointed out. The traditional concepts of near-field, far-field, and disturbed zone become blurred when talking about the unsaturated zone. The heat of decay may have beneficial aspects for an unsaturated site. Current regulations containing such concepts such as ``groundwater travel time`` are not consistent with some of the physical processes inherent in an unsaturated system.
Conformal Ultrasound Transducer Array for Image-Guided Neural Therapy

The paper discusses the design and validation of a novel wearable conformal ultrasound array with integrated imaging and modulation capabilities. A custom 64-element linear PZT array with 5 MHz resonance frequency was used for imaging. An 8-element linear array using larger PZT elements for efficient power transfer was also integrated on the wearable probe to enable image-guided neural modulation. Full-wave simulations were used to estimate the generated pressure field at various depths. Vagus nerve modulation using low intensity focused ultrasound is an important field that is targeted in this study, so the relevant focal depth (10–20 mm) was considered for both imaging and modulation array designs. A carotid artery localization algorithm was developed to easily locate the vagus nerve for imaging and modulation. A curvature estimation method based on flexible strain sensors integrated on the probe was also developed for real-time optimization of the image processing and beamforming algorithms. Preliminary measurement and characterization results of a rigid prototype show promising results with ~2.5 MHz bandwidth.
Operative Complexity and Prior Endovascular Intervention Negatively Impact Morbidity after Aortobifemoral Bypass in the Modern Era.

Background Endovascular therapy is first-line treatment for aortoiliac occlusive disease. This shift has altered case volume, patient selection, and risk profile for aortobifemoral bypass (ABF). Given this, we sought to investigate factors influencing morbidity and mortality after ABF in the endovascular era. Methods Data for patients undergoing primary ABF from 2000 to 2017 were queried. Primary endpoints included major complication (unplanned return to the operating room, life-or-limb-threatening complications, and 30-day readmission or death) and long-term survival. Logistic regression and Cox proportional hazard models determined predictors of primary endpoints. Kaplan-Meier analysis estimated patency, freedom from reintervention, and long-term survival. Results During these 17 years, 256 patients underwent primary ABF. Mean age was 67.9 ± 10.6 years and 51.2% were women. Most had claudication (69.5%); 28.9% had critical ischemia. Sixty-five (25.4%) patients had prior aortoiliac endovascular intervention, 106 (41.4%) required aortic cuff endarterectomy, 111 (43.3%) femoral outflow adjunct, 9 (3.5%) simultaneous lower extremity bypass, and 230 (89.8%) had Trans-Atlantic Inter-Society Consensus D lesions. Concomitant renovisceral revascularization was needed in 42 (16.4%) patients. Thirty-day mortality was 2.7%. Major complication occurred in 92 patients (35.9%). Predictors included prior endovascular intervention (odds ratio [OR], 2.2; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.2–4.1; P = 0.01), malignancy (OR, 2.6; 95% CI: 1.3–5.3; P = 0.01), intraoperative complication (OR, 3.3; 95% CI: 1.3–9.2; P = 0.03), operative blood loss, (OR, 1.0 per 100 ml; 95% CI: 1.0–1.0; P = 0.03), and cuff endarterectomy (OR, 1.8; 95% CI: 1.0–3.1; P = 0.04). Median follow-up was 5.3 years (interquartile range: 7.2 years). Survival at 1, 3, and 5 years was 94%, 90%, and 82% respectively. Primary patency and freedom from reintervention at 5 years were 76% and 79%, respectively. Predictors of late mortality included malignancy (hazard ratio [HR], 2.3; 95% CI: 1.3–3.9; P Conclusions Although late outcomes after ABF in the contemporary era remain acceptable, major complications are frequent. Operative complexity and prior endovascular revascularization predict complications. Long-term survival is driven by degree of limb ischemia and comorbidities. These should be considered in selection for ABF, potentially modifying approach to improve outcomes.
White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) browsing preferences and spatial patterns in a Kansas Flint hills riparian woodland.

In many eastern North American forests white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) populations are large and their browsing reduces tree regeneration and alters sapling species composition. In comparison to forested communities further east, deer effects in Great Plains riparian woodlands are poorly understood. These woodlands may experience greater browsing pressure than regional deer densities suggest because deer are associated with wooded habitats in this otherwise open landscape. To explore potential effects of deer in these riparian woodlands, we quantified deer preference among tree species and spatial patterns in browsing in the Kings Creek riparian zone at Konza Prairie Long-Term Ecological Research Site. Our objectives were to determine how 1) browsing intensity differs among tree species and 2) browsing intensity varies in relation to a woodland edge – center gradient, an upstream – downstream gradient and proximity to deer trails. In June 2016, we quantified the proportion of twigs with new growth that had been browsed on saplings 15 -150 cm tall in 10 m2 plots along pairs of transects that extended from the stream to the woodland edge. Transect pairs were arranged in a downstream progression. We found significant differences among tree species in proportion of twigs browsed with bitternut hickory (Carya cordiformis), black walnut (Juglans nigra) and burr oak (Quercus macrocarpa) being most browsed. Hackberry (Celtis occidentalis) and honey locust (Gleditsia triacanthos) were least browsed. Xerophytic tree species (oaks, hickories) were browsed more than mesophytic species (all other species). Browse intensity was greatest within 3 m of deer trails and increased downstream, but was unaffected by proximity to woodland edges. Strong differences among tree species in browse intensity suggest the potential for deer to affect tree species composition, possibly accelerating mesophication. Even in these wooded habitats, deer browsing is concentrated near deer trails.
Systematic review of industry food safety training topics & modalities

Abstract Foodborne illness continues to be of major concern in the US. Food handling and proper procedures have a direct impact on the incidence of foodborne illness. The quality and quantity of training can mitigate the number of foodborne illness outbreaks. The purpose of this review was to evaluate studies published between 2013 and 2018 specific to the topics, modalities and assessment of training interventions for food handlers in foodservice operations. Lecture style was the most common modality. Visual aids were often used to supplement lectures including, photographs, posters, info sheets, brochure/comic book, and videos. The most covered topics were hand hygiene, followed by temperature controls, personal hygiene, cleaning and sanitizing, and cross contamination. The majority of studies used a pre/post intervention questionnaire to assess knowledge, attitudes, and practices. Direct observation and microbial testing were also used as assessment tools. While most studies reported knowledge increase post intervention, few reported behavior change. A lack of novel approaches to conveying food safety content was noted.
Using simulation to evaluate provider scheduling heuristics in specialty outpatient clinics

Scheduling providers in outpatient specialty clinics is often done in a non-systematic fashion as a result of providers having varying clinic time assignments. This is particularly challenging in academic medical centers and large health systems where providers have responsibilities outside of clinical duties. This leads to inconsistent use of clinic space, staff, and other fixed resources in addition to high variability in operational performance measures. In this paper we present a discrete-event simulation model used to evaluate heuristics for scheduling providers within a specialty clinic. The simulation model is developed and validated based on a specialty clinic within University of Minnesota Health. The scheduling heuristics are evaluated across multiple operational performance measures based on relative improvements compared to test cases from actual schedules used in practice.
A General Theory of Non-Destructive Damage Detection in Structures

The design characteristics of a passive or an active controller depend upon the mechanical properties of the structure to be controlled. If a change in mechanical properties accurs at any point in the structure, a corresponding adjustment should be made in the control system if the original control objectives are to be continually satisfied. Therefore, as part of the overall control program, it is practicable to nondestructively monitor changes in the mechanical properties of controlled structures. Furthermore, if it is possible to specify the probable location of the change in mechanical properties and estimate the magnitude of the change, such valuable information may provide the basis for decisions regarding recommendations concerning the future use of, or repairs to, the structure.
Humanized Mouse Models for Evaluation of PSC Immunogenicity

New human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived therapies are advancing to clinical trials at an increasingly rapid pace. In addition to ensuring that the therapies function properly, there is a critical need to investigate the human immune response to these cell products. A robust allogeneic (or autologous) immune response could swiftly eliminate an otherwise promising cell therapy, even in immunosuppressed patients. In coming years, researchers in the regenerative medicine field will need to utilize a number of in vitro and in vivo assays and models to evaluate and better understand hPSC immunogenicity. Humanized mouse models-mice engrafted with functional human immune cell types-are an important research tool for investigating the mechanisms of the adaptive immune response to hPSC therapies. This article provides an overview of humanized mouse models relevant to the study of hPSC immunogenicity and explores central considerations for investigators seeking to utilize these powerful models in their research. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Cystinosis: Therapy adherence and metabolic monitoring in patients treated with immediate-release cysteamine

Abstract Background Cystinosis is a metabolic disease caused by intracellular accumulation of cystine within lysosomes. Development of symptoms can be delayed significantly by a life-long therapy with cysteamine, a drug that enters the lysosome and reacts with cystine thereby enabling its export from the organelle. Methods During a period of 16 years, blood samples of 330 cystinosis patients were analyzed to investigate therapeutic adherence and metabolic control in patients treated with immediate-release cysteamine. The accepted therapeutic goal is to measure intracellular cystine levels in white blood cells every 3 months and to keep them below 0.5 nmol cystine/mg protein (= 1 nmol hemicystine/mg protein). Results 42% of measurements were within the desired 3-month interval, 38% were done every 3–5 months, 11% every 6–8 months, 5% every 9–12 months and 4% after a 12-month interval only. 64.4% of the measurements were higher than the therapeutic target value. Median cystine levels increased with longer control intervals. Conclusions The majority of the cystinosis patients showed insufficient metabolic adjustment. Intracellular cystine levels were not done as often as recommended and were not within therapeutic range. Poor therapy adherence is likely to be caused by gastrointestinal side effects of immediate-release cysteamine. Incorrect intervals between drug intake and blood sampling could contribute to the results.
E-151 Volumetric analysis of endoscopic evacuation of intracerebral hemorrhage

Introduction Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a neurologically-devastating form of stroke. Minimally-invasive evacuation is increasingly investigated as a primary treatment. Secondary analyses of the MISTIE III (Minimally Invasive Surgery Plus Alteplase for Intracerebral Hemorrhage Evacuation) trial, which used stereotactic catheter drainage, demonstrated promising results among functional outcomes within the surgical arm. A sustained functional outcome advantage was found among patients with less than 15 mL residual clot volume or greater than 70% volume reduction. There is limited research on the effect of post-surgical ICH volumes on functional outcomes for patients specifically undergoing endoscopic evacuations. Objective Our primary objective is to study how the residual volume and percentage volume reduction of ICH after endoscopic evacuation affects the functional outcome of surgical patients. Methods We conducted a retrospective review of all endoscopic ICH evacuations performed between October 2016 and February 2020 by our institution’s cerebrovascular neurosurgery service. Demographics, comorbidities, ICH radiographic characteristics, cardiac status, intra-operative vital signs, medications, post-operative clinical course, and functional outcomes measured as mRS (modified Rankin Scale) were assessed The mRS was assessed at discharge, 30 days, and >90 days. Pre-operative and immediate post-operative CT scans were evaluated. ICH volumes before and after evacuation were manually calculated using the ABC/2 method. Results A total of 32 endoscopic evacuations among 31 patients were performed. The mean post-operative ICH volume was 15.3 mL (15.2), while the mean percentage volume reduction was 72.8% (24.4). There was a trend of lower post-operative ICH volumes correlating with lower mRS at discharge. Final data and analyses will be presented. Conclusion Lower post-operative residual clot volumes correlate with improved functional outcome at discharge in patients undergoing minimally-invasive endoscopic evacuation of ICH. Disclosures G. Barros: None. R. Kellogg: None. J. Keen: None. C. Kelly: None. A. Lele: 1; C; LifeCenter Northwest, Aqueduct Critical Care. L. Kim: 2; C; Microvention, Inc. 4; C; Spi Surgical, Inc. M. Levitt: 1; C; Stryker, Medtronic, Philips Volcano. 2; C; Metis Innovative. 4; C; Synchron, Eloupes, Cerebrotech.
Predictive spectral analysis using an end-to-end deep model from hyperspectral images for high-throughput plant phenotyping

Abstract The spectral reflectance signature of the plants contains rich information about their biophysical, physiological and chemical characteristics. Learning the patterns directly from the plant spectra is critical for predictive plant phenotyping applications. In this study, we developed an end-to-end deep learning model based on 1-D convolutional neural networks, called DeepRWC, to predict the relative water content (RWC) of plants directly from mean spectral reflectance. The proposed model incorporated a modified Inception module to learn multi-scale spectral features at different abstraction levels. To train the proposed network, maize plants grown under well-watered and drought-stressed treatments were imaged using push-broom style, top-view, visible near-infrared (VNIR) hyperspectral camera in the greenhouse environment. Results showed that our proposed model achieved good performance with an R2 of 0.872 for RWC. The performance of the developed model was compared with two standard approaches, partial least squares regression (PLSR) and support vector machine regression (SVR) on two external test datasets. The quantitative analysis showed that the DeepRWC outperformed both linear (PLSR) and non-linear (SVR) approaches by achieving the lowest RMSE and better R2 value on all test datasets included in the study. Our proposed DeepRWC eliminated the need for any preprocessing or dimensionality reduction, as in the case of other standard techniques (PLSR/SVR). These results confirmed the ability of DeepRWC to better predict the RWC of plants using spectral reflectance signature.
Coverage of the COVID-19 Pandemic in the Online Versions of Highly Circulated U.S. Daily Newspapers.

With the proliferation of news and the abundance of unknowns, COVID-19 information became rife with rumors and infiltrated consumers with confusion and information overload. In situations like this, it is important to provide consumers with credible and reliable information about the pandemic which is affecting their lives and livelihoods. Articles about coronavirus published in online versions of USA Today online, Wall Street Journal online and NYTimes.com between January and March 2020 were identified. Only articles where the search terms appeared in the headline were included as it was considered a more effective approach to understanding the health communication trends for this outbreak. These criteria resulted in 5,285 articles published on this topic during this time. All articles were imported into Dedoose mixed-methods software for thematic analysis. The frequency of each identified theme appearing in reviewed articles was counted, together with excerpts illustrating the specific theme. Overall, the five most common themes appearing in reviewed articles were "financial impact of COVID-19" (11.6%), "stories of affected individuals" (7.0%), "death and death rates" (6.8%), "precaution recommendations for public" (6.2%), and "quarantine" (5.9%). The newspapers did not just report the numbers (number of infections, ventilators, deaths, economic losses) but they also reported the context of the pandemic, such as, impact on economy, efforts to slow the spread of infection, switch to working from home, presence of health disparities, scientific search for reliable COVID-19 tests, and effect on supply chains. News media play a vital role in enhancing understanding of pandemic, but also in shaping public response to public health messages.
Clinical and molecular epidemiology of invasive Staphylococcus aureus infection in Utah children; continued dominance of MSSA over MRSA.

Background Invasive Staphylococcus aureus infections are a common cause of morbidity and mortality in children. In the early 2000's the proportion of infections due the methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) increased rapidly. We described the clinical and molecular epidemiology of invasive S. aureus disease in a pediatric population. Methods We prospectively identified children in Utah with invasive S. aureus infections. Medical records were reviewed to determine diagnosis and clinical characteristics. Isolates were genotyped using multi-locus sequence typing. The presence of genes encoding the Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) was determined using polymerase chain reaction. Results Over a 4-year period between January 2009 and December 2012, we identified 357 children, hospitalized at Primary Children's Hospital, with invasive S. aureus infections and isolates available for the study. Methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) caused 79% of disease, while MRSA caused only 21% of disease. Mortality associated with invasive S. aureus infection was 3.6%. The most common diagnoses were osteoarticular infections (38%) followed by central line associated blood stream infections (19%) and pneumonia (12%). We identified 41 multi-locus sequence types. The majority of isolates belonged to 6 predominant clonal complexes (CC5, CC8, CC15, CC30, CC45, CC59). PVL was present in a minority (16%) of isolates, of which most were ST8 MRSA. Conclusions MSSA was the primary cause of invasive S. aureus infections at our institution throughout the study period. A limited number of predominant strains accounted for the majority of invasive disease. The classic virulence factor PVL was uncommon in MSSA isolates. Further study is needed to improve our understanding of S. aureus virulence and disease pathogenesis.
An Evaluation of Sabrosky's Cellosolve-Xylene Method for Dry Mounting Some Adult Insects Stored in Alcohol

Sabroksy's Cellosolve-xylene method was used to restore insects stored in ethyl alcohol so they could be dry mounted. Large- to medium-sized insects from five orders (Megaloptera, Neuroptera, Trichoptera, Hymenoptera, Diptera) (some of which had been stored in ethyl alcohol for 50 years) were processed using this method. Most processed specimens were found to be of high to acceptable quality once they were pinned and dried and were similar to freshly pinned specimens. The Sabrovsky method is a relatively simple and cost effective alternative to other methods commonly used for restoring insects preserved in alcohol.