cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Genetics of Yeast Impacting Wine Quality

The availability of the sequence of the Saccharomyces genome in combination with the development of chemical analytical technologies with dynamic ranges sensitive enough to detect volatile aromatic compounds has generated a renewed interest in defining the role of yeast in the generation of wine aroma and flavor. Genetic differences among wine strains are well documented and aroma profiles also appear to vary, implying that specific allelic alterations may exist and impact the production of compounds associated with flavor. Partial or complete sequencing data on several wine strains are available and reveal underlying genetic differences across strains in key genes implicated in flavor formation. This review discusses the current understanding of the roles of Saccharomyces in wine flavor with an emphasis on positive contributions to flavor and highlights the discoveries of the underlying enzymatic and metabolic mechanisms responsible for the yeast contribution to wine quality.
Current algebra and the Ademollo-Gatto theorem in spin-flavor symmetry of heavy quarks.

The current algebra of effective weak currents is studied in detail for spin-flavor symmetry of heavy quarks. Technical issues involved in the derivation of Luke's renormalization-free theorem by Boyd and Brahm through the Ademollo-Gatto theorem are examined and elaborated upon.
Determinants of Children's Participation in California's Medicaid and SCHIP Programs

Objective To develop a comprehensive predictive model of eligible children's enrollment in California's Medicaid (Medi-Cal [MC]) and State Children's Health Insurance Program (SCHIP; Healthy Families [HF]) programs.
Head injury: triage, assessment, investigation and early management of head injury in children, young people and adults (NICE guideline CG 176)

Very few children and young people who present with head injury will have significant intracranial pathology. This presents a common diagnostic dilemma for physicians, as these injuries need to be rapidly identified.1 The previous National Institute of Health and Care Excellence (NICE) head injury guidelines published in 2003 and updated in 2007, established CT scan as the primary imaging modality in head injury. CT provides rapid, definite diagnosis of intracranial injuries, and guides subsequent neurosurgical management, but is associated with significant risks and costs.2 ,3 This NICE update is necessary to ensure the best evidence-based practice regarding initial assessment of head injury and ensuring rapid imaging where appropriate. This NICE guideline also updates some terminology regarding safeguarding children, as the injuries of up to 30% of children aged under 2 years admitted with head injury will be the result of non-accidental/abusive injury.4 As well as reviewing indications and timing of CT brain in the emergency department (ED), this update also addresses indications for transporting head-injured patients directly from the scene to the nearest neuroscience centre, and information that should be given on discharge of head-injured patients. Although this guideline includes adults, for the purposes of review, this paper will focus on children and young people.
Quadrature subunits in directionally selective simple cells: counterphase and drifting grating responses.

Here we examine further the basis for directional selectivity (DS) in simple cells of the cat's striate cortex. We use a distinctly different input stimulus and different analysis of the output signal for the same type of space-time inseparable receptive field (RF) that was measured with flashing bars in the companion paper (Emerson, 1997). As in the companion paper, we have mimicked a popular "linear" model with a single "branch" that consists of a linear spatiotemporal filter followed by a soft threshold, which should mimic any simple cells that have a single subunit. Counterphase sinusoidal measurements of such a configuration always generate elliptically shaped polar plots of amplitude versus temporal phase, often pinched along the minor axis because of a high threshold. However, for many spatiotemporal frequencies, such polar phase plots, as measured in simple cells by others, show a consistent rotational phase skew. Here we apply counterphase analysis to the same 2-branch model as developed in the companion paper. We show that the model accounts for the skew as the summation of signals from linear filters separated spatially and temporally by approximately 90 deg (i.e. in spatiotemporal phase quadrature), each separated from the output stage by a soft-threshold nonlinearity. We also prove conclusively that such skew cannot be generated by a single-subunit configuration. This demonstration supports the proposed two-subunit structure for DS simple cells, such as in the example from the companion paper, which has strong linear contributions from its inseparable RF. The presence of at least two nonlinear subunits appears to be an obligatory concomitant of DS in all visual cortical cells. The primary function of these subunits may be to enhance the strength of responses to images moving in the preferred direction, as in complex cells. However, subunits may also aid in identifying the moving object through overcoming, at least partially, the phase-concealing properties of the neuron's threshold by generating a steady signal that effectively decreases the threshold for the preferred direction.
Dispersed fluorescence from CO(B 1Σ+) excitation in He and Ar

Abstract Two striking effects were observed between 158 and 175 nm in the dispersed laser-induced fluorescence spectrum resulting from excitation of CO(B 1 Σ + ). In the presence of Ar the intensity of the CO(X 1 Σ + , ν′→A 1 Π, ν′=0) progression was doubled. Also, an unresolved emission appeared over the entire spectrum. The former is attributed to a COAr complex that undergoes an electronically non-adiabatic transition. Since collisionally induced intersystem crossing can account for only a fraction of the broadband emission, we speculate that most of this feature originates from a metastable triatomic complex.
At the interface of computational linguistics and statistics

Computational linguistics encompasses a broad range of ideas and research areas, and only a brief introduction is possible here. We chose to include areas in computational linguistics where statisticians can contribute, hoping to provide inspiration to the reader. We describe three main aspects of this discipline-formal languages, information retrieval, and machine learning. These support the overarching goal, which is the representation and analysis of meaning from unstructured text. We then provide an example where text analysis has been applied to unstructured text fields in survey records and conclude with some applications and computational resources. WIREs Comput Stat 2015, 7:258-274. doi: 10.1002/wics.1353
Mythmaking in the African American Muslim Context: The Moorish Science Temple, the Nation of Islam, and the American Society of Muslims

Two of the earliest African American Muslim movements, the Moorish Science Temple founded by Noble Drew Ali and the Nation of Islam founded by Wali Fard Muhammad and developed by the Honorable Elijah Muhammad, taught thatIslam was the original and inherent religion of African Americans. Each reenvisioned the origins of the races and of Islam. Drew Ali viewed African Americans as Black Asiatics and descendants of the kingdom of Moors. Fard Muhammad and Elijah Muhammad saw African Americans as the descendants of the original Black humanity, who later produced the "wicked white race." More recently, Warith Deen Mohammed, leader of the American Society of Muslims, has suggested that the mythology developed by his father, Elijah Muhammad, was part of some grand scheme to bring African Americans to orthodox Islam. These reinterpretations of the history are best seen as a product of the interrelated activities of social formation and mythmaking.
“Never Again” Stories of Nurses: Dilemmas in Nursing Practice

The authors describe significant turning points immanent in "never again" stories that practicing nurses, having participated in previously, vowed not to allow to recur during future, similar situations. Nurses submitted written accounts of critical, "never again" situations. The authors used critical incident technique and employed Colaizzi's approach to reveal the essential structure. Patient outcomes were fatal, close calls, dehumanizing, or isolating. Never again stories incorporated ethical dilemmas, deficits in nurses' knowledge, lack of confidence in clinical abilities, and failure to act correctly. Patients' welfare was the center of accounts. Circumstances threatened patients' and family members' trust in nurses and other providers. Patients' wishes were denied because of haste, providers' arrogance, or providers' desire not to be inconvenienced. Nurses' emotions mirrored a sense of failed responsibility for patients. Regret was tempered by nurses' pledges. Critical incidents revealed dilemmas in which nurses' autonomous clinical practice was constrained by feelings of powerlessness.
CD36 Is Important for Fatty Acid and Cholesterol Uptake by the Proximal but Not Distal Intestine

CD36, a membrane protein that facilitates fatty acid uptake, is highly expressed in the intestine on the luminal surface of enterocytes. Cd36 null (Cd36–/–) mice exhibit impaired chylomicron secretion but no overall lipid absorption defect. Because chylomicron production is most efficient proximally we examined whether CD36 function is important for proximal lipid absorption. CD36 levels followed a steep decreasing gradient along three equal-length, proximal to distal intestinal segments (S1–S3). Enterocytes isolated from the small intestines of Cd36–/– mice, when compared with wild type counterparts, exhibited reduced uptake of fatty acid (50%) and cholesterol (60%) in S1. The high affinity fatty acid uptake component was missing in Cd36–/– cells. Fatty acid incorporation into triglyceride and triglyceride secretion were also reduced in Cd36–/– S1 enterocytes. In vivo, proximal absorption was monitored using mass spectrometry from oleic acid enrichment of S1 lipids, 90 min (active absorption) and 5 h (steady state) after intragastric olive oil (70% triolein). Oleate enrichment was 50% reduced at 90 min in Cd36–/– tissue consistent with defective uptake whereas no differences were measured at 5 h. In Cd36–/– S1, mRNA for L-fabp, Dgat1, and apoA-IV was reduced. Protein levels for FATP4, SR-BI, and NPC1L1 were similar, whereas those for apoB48 and apoA-IV were significantly lower. A large increase in NPC1L1 was observed in Cd36–/– S2 and S3. The findings support the role of CD36 in proximal absorption of dietary fatty acid and cholesterol for optimal chylomicron formation, whereas CD36-independent mechanisms predominate in distal segments.
A new spectrum of recursive models using an amalgamation construction

We employ an infinite-signature Hrushovski amalgamation construction to yield two results in Recursive Model Theory. The first result, that there exists a strongly minimal theory whose only recursively presentable models are the prime and saturated models, adds a new spectrum to the list of known possible spectra. The second result, that there exists a strongly minimal theory in a finite language whose only recursively presentable model is saturated, gives the second non-trivial example of a spectrum produced in a finite language.
Towards gesture-based programming: shape from motion primordial learning of sensorimotor primitives

Gesture-Based Programming is a paradigm for the evolutionary programming of dextrous robotic systems by human demonstration. We call the paradigm “gesture-based” because we try to capture, in real-time, theintention behind the demonstrator’ s fleeting, context-dependent hand motions, contact conditions, finger poses, and e ven cryptic utterances, rather than just recording and replaying movement.The paradigm depends on a pre-existing knowledge base of capabilities, collecti vely called “encapsulated expertise,” that comprise the real-time sensorimotor primitives from which the run-time executable is constructed as well as providing the basis for interpreting the teacher’s actions during programming. In this paper we first describe the GestureBased Programming environment, which is not fully implemented as of this writing. We then present a technique based on principal components analysis, augmentable with model-based information, for learning and recognizing sensorimotor primiti ves. This paper describes simple applications of the technique to a small mobile robot and a PUMA manipulator . The mobile robot learned to escape from jams while the manipulator learned guarded mo ves and rotational accommodation that are composable to allow flat plate mating operations. While these initial applications are simple, the y demonstrate the ability to e xtract primitives from demonstration, recognize the learned primiti ves in subsequent demonstrations, and combine and transform primiti ves to create different capabilities, which are all critical to the Gesture-Based Programming paradigm.
The Expression and Function of Fatty Acid Transport Protein-2 and -4 in the Murine Placenta

Background: The uptake and trans-placental trafficking of fatty acids from the maternal blood into the fetal circulation are essential for embryonic development, and involve several families of proteins. Fatty acid transport proteins (FATPs) uniquely transport fatty acids into cells. We surmised that placental FATPs are germane for fetal growth, and are regulated during hypoxic stress, which is associated with reduced fat supply to the fetus. Methodology/Principal Findings: Using cultured primary term human trophoblasts we found that FATP2, FATP4 and FATP6 were highly expressed in trophoblasts. Hypoxia enhanced the expression of trophoblastic FATP2 and reduced the expression of FATP4, with no change in FATP6. We also found that Fatp2 and Fatp4 are expressed in the mouse amnion and placenta, respectively. Mice deficient in Fatp2 or Fatp4 did not deviate from normal Mendelian distribution, with both embryos and placentas exhibiting normal weight and morphology, triglyceride content, and expression of genes related to fatty acid mobilization. Conclusions/Significance: We conclude that even though hypoxia regulates the expression of FATP2 and FATP4 in human trophoblasts, mouse Fatp2 and Fatp4 are not essential for intrauterine fetal growth.
Test-retest reliability and convergent validity of the Fatigue Impact Scale for persons with multiple sclerosis.

OBJECTIVE. The test-retest reliability and the convergent validity of the Fatigue Impact Scale (FIS) were evaluated using secondary data from 54 persons with multiple sclerosis (MS). METHODS. This reliability and validitystudy used FIS data from before and after two control periods to evaluate test-retest reliability. Convergent validity of the FIS with the Fatigue Severity Scale and with subscales of the SF-36 Health Survey was evaluated using data collected before the first control period. RESULTS. No significant differences between before and after FIS measurements and intraclass correlation coefficients ranging from .68 to .85 indicate that the FIS has good test-retest reliability except for the physical subscale. The expected moderate correlations between the FIS and several subscales of the SF-36 support its convergent validity. In contrast the unexpected low correlation between the FIS and Fatigue Severity Scale does not support convergent validity. CONCLUSION. The FIS has adequate reliability and validity and is recommended to evaluate the effectiveness of fatigue management interventions such as energy conservation education for persons with MS.
Phosphorus associations in aerosols: What can they tell us about P bioavailability?

article i nfo Article history: Phosphorus (P) in aerosols can originate from multiple sources (mineral dust, biomass burning, fuel emissions) and can be associated with multiple phases including various minerals, organic matter and P adsorbed on particle surfaces. These associations will greatly impact the solubility of P in an aerosol sample and thus determine the bioavailability of P from atmospheric deposition to oceanic ecosystems. Here we use a sequential leaching extraction to determine the distribution of P within different operationally defined fractions in aerosol samples reaching the Gulf of Aqaba from different air mass trajectories and at different seasons. We found that on average 40% of the P in aerosols is associated with the "authigenic" fraction (soluble in acetic acid) which is unlikely to dissolve in seawater and become bioavailable. Another 15% is associated with each the HCl-"detrital" and insoluble organic matter components that are also not readily bioavailable. Only 15-30% of P is associated with phases that are water soluble or that are relatively soluble oxide phases that may be bioavailable for organisms. We did not find a consistent relationship between the distribution of P in the various phases and air-mass back trajectory or season but a distinct and strong positive correlation was observed between metals associated with anthropogenic sources such as Zn and Ni and the extractable water soluble P fraction. This suggests that anthropogenic P sources are more soluble and bioavailable than mineral sources even though most of the P in aerosols in this region is in the mineral phase. These results have implications for determining how changes in atmospheric input of P to the ocean related to urban development and anthropogenic (wood and fuel burning) activities may impact marine ecosystems.
Structural and functional compartmentalization in pollen tubes

Eukaryotic cellular functions are achieved by concerted activities in the cytosol and functions compartmentalized in the nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. Moreover, the cytosol and nucleoplasm are populated with mega molecular ensembles that are specialized for different metabolic and biochemical processes. Pollen tubes are unique plant cells with a dramatic growth polarity. Tube growth is restricted to the tip and is supported by a polarized cytoplasmic organization. The apical region of elongating pollen tubes is a domain occupied exclusively by transport vesicles to support the secretion and endocytic activity needed for the rapid cell expansion at the apex. Larger organelles are predominantly segregated to the cytoplasm distal to the subapical region. Underlying the organelle compartmentalization is an elaborate actin cytoskeleton with distinct structural and dynamics properties at the tip, in the subapical region, and in the cytoplasm subtending it. Cytoplasmic domains with differential ionic conditions and spatially restricted localization of molecules in pollen tubes may also be important for regulating the polar cell growth process. The polarized cellular organization in pollen tubes drives an extremely efficient cell growth process that is responsive to extracellular signals, including directional cues. It may be an amplified framework of the cytoplasmic architecture that supports growth in other plant cell types that involves considerably more subtle and transient differential cell expansion.
He I-He II electrical lead transition

The authors address a new lead concept. This design would apply to electrical leads between superfluid helium (He II) baths and ordinary 4.2-K He I baths. The lead consists of a plug made of alternating copper/stainless steel (SS) thin laminates with attached superconducting strands. The laminates minimize thermal conduction from 4.2 K to He II and provide large heat capacity for protection compared to a solid SS transition. The authors have constructed and tested a 50-kA transition lead that is fully stable up to about 35 kA. Between 35 and 55 kA, the lead will have a stable temperature profile if it becomes normal. Between 55 and 75 kA, its temperature will increase slowly enough with time following a disturbance so that the protection circuit can turn off the connected power supply. >
Explicit formulas of normalized radiation modes in multilayer waveguides

A new formulation for the normalization of radiation modes in one-dimensional lossless multilayer waveguide structures is derived using the transmission matrix method. In this formulation, an individual radiation mode is excited by two sources located at opposite ends of the two outermost regions of the waveguide. Proper choice of the absolute phase of one of the sources results in simple expressions for the normalized radiation modes. Calculation of radiation loss of grating-assisted directional couplers is used as an example to show the simplicity and usefulness of this method. >
Optos Panoramic 200MA ultrawide-field imaging of peripheral RPE adenoma.

Purpose: To illustrate the utility of ultrawide-angle fundus imaging in documenting a suspicous lesion in the far retinal periphery. Design: Observational case report. Method: A 48 year-old female with new onset floaters in the left eye was noted to have an elevated and heavily pigmented lesion in the far retinal periphery. Optos Panoramic200MA™ ultrawide-field photography and fluorescein angiography allowed for accurate serial documentaton of the lesion which was determined to be a retinal pigment epithelial adenoma. Result: Over a four year period of observation, Optos ultrawide-field photography of the retinal pigment epithelial adenoma demonstrated stability of the lesion size and mild lesion depigmentation with overlying vitreous pigmentation. Conclusion: The Optos ultra-widefield system demonstrates the ability to rapidly and reproducibily obtain images to monitor a peripheral retinal pigment epithelial adenoma for objective and comparitive detection of change.
Trajectories of Conflict over Raising Adolescent Children and Marital Satisfaction.

The present study examined trajectories of marital satisfaction among couples with adolescent children and evaluated how changes in parents’ conflict over raising adolescent children were associated with changes in marital satisfaction over four years. Using a prospective, longitudinal research design and controlling for family socioeconomic status, dyadic growth curve analysis from a sample of 431 couples with adolescent children indicated that marital satisfaction decreased over time for parents with adolescent children, and that the trajectories for mothers and fathers were substantially linked. More importantly, the study demonstrated that increases or decreases in parents’ marital conflict over raising adolescent children were associated with corresponding decreases or increases in marital satisfaction for both mothers and fathers.
Are we all in the closet? Notes towards a sociological and cultural turn in queer theory

Queer theory has radicalized lesbian and gay studies by viewing the homosexual subject as performative, by insisting upon analyzing homosexuality in relation to heterosexuality, and by linking gay studies to the study of sexualities. It is, in short, a generalizing theoretical perspective. Yet, this paper argues that queer theory has been limited by its reliance on psychoanalytical theory and a narrow linguistic poststructural language of social analysis. The case for a sociological and cultural turn in queer theory is sketched in the context of a discussion of the 'closet' in lesbian and gay culture and literature.
Monocytes and Basophilic Granulocytes in the Cranial Circulation of Patients With Organic Brain Disorders

In 30 patients with organic brain disorders, blood samples from both ear lobes were examined for their white cell contents. In nine of them, blood from the external and internal jugular veins also was examined. The total white cell, neutrophil, and eosinophil counts did not show any difference when the two sides of the head were compared; nor was there any difference in the average-of-sides values of these cells in cranial blood samples when compared with blood from a finger puncture, or when compared with ear lobe blood from ten healthy control subjects. Basophil values were lower in blood from the internal jugular veins than in blood from the external jugular veins, and basophils in ear lobe blood were at an intermediate level. In patients with one-sided cerebral lesions, fewer basophils were found on the focal side even when the lesions were remote in time. Monocyte levels were higher on the focal side during the first two months after a cerebrovascular attack. Patients with bilateral brain lesions had...
Forced-exercise attenuates experimental autoimmune neuritis

Physical inactivity in combination with a sedentary lifestyle is strongly associated with an increased risk of development of inflammatory-mediated diseases, including autoimmune disorders. Recent studies suggest that anti-inflammatory effects of physical exercise may be of therapeutic value in some affected individuals. In this study, we determined the effects of forced-exercise (treadmill running) on the development and progression of experimental autoimmune neuritis (EAN), an established animal model of Guillain-Barre syndrome. Adult male Lewis rats were subjected to sedentary (control) or forced-exercise (1.2 km per day, 5 days a week) for three weeks prior to induction of EAN. P2 (53-78)-immunized sedentary control rats developed a monophasic course of EAN beginning on post-injection day 12.33 ± 0.59 (n = 18) and reaching peak severity on day 15.83 ± 0.35 (n = 18). At near peak of disease, ankle- and sciatic notch-evoked compound muscle action potential (CMAP) amplitudes in sedentary control rats were reduced (~50%) while motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV) was slowed (~30%) compared with pre-induction evoked responses. In marked contrast, rats undergoing forced-exercise exhibited a significantly less severe clinical course of EAN beginning on post-injection day 12.63 ± 0.53 (n = 16) and reaching peaking severity on day 14.69 ± 0.73 (n = 16). At near peak of disease, ankle- and sciatic-notch-evoked CMAP amplitudes in forced-exercised rats were preserved while EAN-associated slowing of MNCV was modestly attenuated by exercise. Three weeks of forced-exercise reduced by 46% total plasma corticosterone content while elevating the levels of corticosteroid binding globulin. We conclude from this study that forced-exercise administered prior to and during development of EAN affords a novel measure of protection against autoimmune-associated deficits in peripheral nerve evoked responses independent of steroid-induced immune suppression.
The choice of weapons in firearm suicides

We report on the firearms used in 235 suicides in Sacramento County, California, during 1983-85. Handguns were used in 69 per cent of firearm suicides--65 per cent for males, 88 per cent for females--and in all such deaths among women ages 35 and older. We tested the hypothesis that the choice of firearms by persons committing suicide at home would passively reflect the reported prevalence of firearms by type in households in the region. Handguns were used more frequently (rate ratio 2.00; 95% CI = 1.68, 2.39), and rifles and shotguns less frequently than expected.
Use of the Artificial Heart for Basic Cardiovascular Research

Improved technology in artificial heart development and implantation studies in unanesthetized calves have stimulated a new model for cardiovascular research. Independent control of the left and right ventricles, replacement of the natural right atrium with an artificial atrium (with a compliant inner diaphragm) are illustrated as examples of new methods to study the cardiovascular system. Preliminary results in three calves suggest that synchronous ventricular pumping is not required for total circulatory maintenance. In four calves a passive artificial right atrium was shown to decrease outflow obstruction to the right ventricle. A compliant inner diaphragm demonstrated a reduction in the amplitude of the atrial C and V waves. The effects of volume and drug infusion on peripheral vascular response in the presence of controlled artificial heart pumping (which does not respond to direct neural or hormonal influences) further illustrate the efficacy of this preparation as a new model for cardiovascular research.
Absolute Stability of Nonlinear Systems of Automatic Control

The problem of absolute stability of an ?indirect control? system with a single nonlineartiy ia investlgated by using a method which differs from the second method of Lyapunov. The main condition of the obtained criterion of absolute stability is expressed in terms of the transfer function of the system linear part. It is also shown that by fonning the standard Lyapunov function -?a quadratic form plus the integral of the nonlinearity? It is not possible In the case considered here to obtain a wider stability domain than the one obtained from the presented criterion. Graphical criteria of absolute continuinty are also given by means of the phase-amplitude characteristic or by what is known as ?the modified phase-amplitude characteristic? of the system linear part.
Commentary on: Prevalence of Body Dysmorphic Disorder Symptoms and Body Weight Concerns in Patients Seeking Abdominoplasty.

The majority of individuals report dissatisfaction with some aspect of their appearance.1 For some, this is a global dissatisfaction in which they struggle to find aspects of their appearance that they find attractive. For others, the dissatisfaction is feature specific, in which they are dissatisfied with a given feature but also report being satisfied with other aspects of their appearance. The abdominal area, whether operationalized as the stomach or waist, is the most commonly named feature associated with body image dissatisfaction by individuals in Western societies. Given that nearly 70% of the Western world population is overweight or obese, focused dissatisfaction on the abdominal region is not surprising. Body image dissatisfaction is believed to be the motivational catalyst for a range of appearance enhancing behaviors, including aesthetic surgical procedures.1,2 Individuals who present for cosmetic surgery typically report dissatisfaction with the feature that they would like to change with an aesthetic treatment. Studies also have suggested that this dissatisfaction lessens following treatment.2 Body image dissatisfaction also is a symptom of a …
High fidelity reconstruction of three-dimensional objects by FINCH fluorescence microscopy

FINCH holography produces super-resolved images above and below the focal plane of the microscope objective but with different magnifications. A method is presented to faithfully reconstruct 3D objects with dimensional fidelity.
Investigation and analysis of behavior of breakfast,fast food eating and losing weight by ill-healthy methods among middle school students in Chaoyang district,Beijing

Objective To understand the condition of breakfast,fast food and losing weight by ill-healthy method among middle school students and offer scientific reference and consultation basis for the government,hygiene department,education department and school to establish the plan of development of adolescent hygiene and health care.Methods A questionnaire was used in 13 junior,senior middle schools and professional schools in Beijing totaled in 85 classes 2 379 students.Results In the past 7 days,about 80.14% of students ate breakfast more than 5 days,and about 57.82% of students ate breakfast every day,but about 3.89% of students didn't eat breakfast.Else,girls ate more than boys(χ2=5.196,P=0.023),the students in different school are different(χ2=31.364,P0.001).In the past 7 days,about 0.89% of students ate fast-food every day,about 7.03% of students ate fast-food more than 3 days.And the students in different family structures are different from each other(χ2=11.541,P=0.042),also education of mothers are matched.In the past 30 days,about 31.15% of students lost weight by ill-healthy method.And girls are more than boys(χ2=43.74,P0.001),the students in different school are different,the students in high school are more than that in junior high school(χ2=26.50,P0.001),the students of thin are more than the fats(χ 2 =8.204,P=0.004).Conclusions The health risk behaviors among secondary students aren't ignorable.Effective preventive measures should be further strengthened so as to prevent or reduce the risk behaviors to health of adolescents.
Regulatory properties of the pterin dependent hydroxylases: variations on a theme

I have previously discussed the idea that the 3 pterin-dependent hydroxylases — phenylalanine hydroxylase, tyrosine hydroxylase, and tryptophan hydroxylase, constitute a family of enzymes whose individual members share many properties, both physical and catalytic (Kaufman, 1974). It has been a useful notion because there have been several instances when the discovery of a regulatory property for one of the enzymes — often first with phenylalanine hydroxylase — has made it likely that this property would be shared by the others.
Exergo economic analysis of solar-assisted hybrid power generation systems integrated with thermochemical fuel conversion

Abstract Solar-assisted hybrid power generation systems integrated with thermochemical fuel conversion are of increasing interest because they offer efficient use of lower temperature solar heat, with the important associated advantages of lower emissions, reduction of use of depletable fuels, production of easily storable fuel to alleviate the variability of solar heat, and relatively low cost of the use of lower temperature solar components. This paper examines economic performance of two previously proposed and analyzed thermochemical hybridized power generation systems: SOLRGT that incorporates reforming of methane, and SOLRMCC that incorporates methanol decomposition, both of which use low temperature solar heat (at ∼220 °C) to help convert the methane or methanol input to syngas, which is then burned for power generation. The solar heat is used “indirectly” in the methane reforming process, to vaporize the needed water for it, while it is used directly in the methanol decomposition process since methanol decomposition requires lower temperatures than methane reforming. This analysis resulted in an equation for each power system for determining the conditions under which the hybrid systems will have a lower levelized electricity cost, and how it will change as a function of the fuel price, carbon tax rate, and the cost of the collection equipment needed for the additional heat source.
Memoirs: A Simplified View of the Histology of the Striped Muscle-Fibre

The chief results at which I have arrived may be summarised as follows: There is an intracellular network present in the striped muscle-fibre of Dytiscus, the Bee, Prog, Lobster, Crayfish, and Rat, which may be most clearly demonstrated by certain methods of gold staining. The network alone is stained by the reduced gold, and, owing to this differentiation, is plainly visible even with comparatively low powers. This network may be demonstrated, though not so completely, in the living fibre, and in acetic and osmic acid preparations. Crossing the fibre transversely, united to the sarcolemnia, and more or less separating the muscle-fibre into compartments, are network partitions--the transverse networks. Running longitudinally down each compartment, and joining the dots at the intersections of the fibres of the transverse network, are a series of fine rods. The arrangement of this network will be made evident by reference to diagrams 1, 2, 3, and 4. This network consists of an isotropous material, and is more highly refractile than the rest of the muscle substance, which is anisotropous. This network serves to explain the transverse striation and other complicated appearances presented by the muscle-fibre, and brings into harmony many of the conflicting statements of histologists on this subject.
CTE Policy Past, Present, and Future: Driving Forces Behind the Evolution of Federal Priorities

Federal legislation has driven and been receptive to the vision of a rigorous, relevant career and technical education (CTE) system integrated with academics and aligned across middle school, secondary school, and postsecondary education. This article uses a social policy analysis approach to trace the history of federal CTE policy throughout the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century. Through this overview, we demonstrate how federal CTE policy has repeatedly evolved and responded to changing economic and social needs, while also incorporating policy flexibility that has led to variation in program implementation on the state and local levels.
Enhancement of fluorescent resonant energy transfer and the antenna effect in DNA structures with multiple fluorescent dyes

This study examines the use of surfactants and metal cations for the enhancement of long range fluorescent resonant energy transfer (FRET) and the antenna effect in double-stranded (ds) DNA structures formed by hybridization of 21mer oligonucleotides with three fluorescent TAMRA donor dyes and complementary 21mer oligonucleotides with one fluorescent Texas Red acceptor dye. In FRET ds-DNA structures, hydrophobic interactions between the fluorescent dyes in close proximity produces dimerization and quenching which reduces fluorescent emissions. For the neutral surfactant Triton X-100, dimerization and emission quenching in the FRET ds-DNA structures remain unaffected. The cationic surfactant CTAB (>100 μM), which neutralizes the negatively charged ds-DNA backbone reduces TAMRA dye dimerization and emission quenching, and improves the Texas Red quantum yield, FRET efficiency and the antenna effect. While the negatively charged SDS surfactant does not reduce dimerization and emission quenching, addition of sodium cations (Na+) and magnesium cations (Mg2+) lead to a significant reduction in dimerization and emission quenching, and produce higher FRET efficiency and enhanced antenna effect. This study provides a viable strategy for using combinations of surfactants and cations to reduce fluorescent dye and other quenching mechanisms and improve the overall long distance FRET efficiency and the antenna effect in ds-DNA structures.
Radiotherapy for Oligometastatic Lung Cancer.

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) typically presents at an advanced stage, which is often felt to be incurable, and such patients are usually treated with a palliative approach. Accumulating retrospective and prospective clinical evidence, including a recently completed randomized trial, support the existence of an oligometastatic disease state wherein select individuals with advanced NSCLC may experience historically unprecedented prolonged survival with aggressive local treatments, consisting of radiotherapy and/or surgery, to limited sites of metastatic disease. This is reflected in the most recent AJCC staging subcategorizing metastatic disease into intra-thoracic (M1a), a single extra thoracic site (M1b), and more diffuse metastases (M1c). In the field of radiation oncology, recent technological advances have allowed for the delivery of very high, potentially ablative, doses of radiotherapy to both intra- and extra-cranial disease sites, referred to as stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) and stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT or SABR), in much shorter time periods compared to conventional radiation and with minimal associated toxicity. At the same time, significant improvements in systemic therapy, including platinum-based doublet chemotherapy, molecular agents targeting oncogene-addicted NSCLC and immunotherapy in the form of checkpoint inhibitors, have led to improved control of micro-metastatic disease and extended survival sparking newfound interest in combining these agents with ablative local therapies to provide additive, and in the case of radiation and immunotherapy, potentially synergistic, effects in order to further improve progression free and overall survival. Presently, despite the tantalizing potential associated with aggressive local therapy in the setting of oligometastatic NSCLC, well designed prospective randomized controlled trials sufficiently powered to detect and measure the possible added benefit afforded by this approach are desperately needed.
Social Capital in Disaster Research

Disaster scholars’ interest in social capital has grown dramatically, due in part because social capital gets at the heart of collective action, cooperation, and the therapeutic community that occurs during emergencies. While social capital has been highlighted as a positive factor for communities under extreme events, questions remain. This chapter reviews how social capital is conceptualized and operationalized in disaster research and the current state of knowledge on this topic. The chapter begins with social capital theory. Next, the relevant research on social capital in disaster is reviewed. This research is categorized by unit of analysis (individual or collective) and the phase of disaster (mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery). Finally, this chapter concludes with a critical assessment of the use of social capital by disaster scholars and offers implications for future research.
During the Emergency Department Evaluation of a Well-Appearing Neonate with Fever, Should Empiric Acyclovir Be Initiated?

Abstract Background Herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection represents significant morbidity and mortality in the neonatal period. Although clear guidelines exist on the evaluation and management of the otherwise well-appearing febrile neonate pertaining to occult serious bacterial infections, there is no standardized approach regarding when to initiate testing and treatment for HSV infection. It is vital we establish a unified guideline based on available clinical research to aid in our decision to evaluate and initiate therapy for this disease. Methods A PubMed search was performed using the keywords “neonate AND fever AND HSV” and “neonate AND fever AND acyclovir.” The time period for the search was May 1982 to May 2016. Identified articles underwent further selection based on relevance to the clinical question. Selected articles then underwent detailed review and structured analysis. Results Our search identified 93 articles, of which 18 were found to be relevant to our clinical question. Recommendations were then made based on thorough review and analysis of the selected articles. Conclusions Neonatal HSV infection carries significant morbidity and mortality if left untreated. High-quality clinical evidence on when to evaluate and treat for possible HSV infection is lacking. Based on available research, HSV infection in the febrile neonate should be strongly considered if age is
Demography of the Rare Fern Botrychium pumicola (Pumice Moonwort) at Crater Lake National Park, Oregon

We investigated the demography (emergence, dormancy and recruitment) of the pumice moonwort, (Botrychium pumicola) (Ophioglossaceae), a rare fern endemic to the Cascade Range from central Oregon to northern California. Populations of B. pumicola have been declining in low elevation basin sites likely due to climate change. Determining the demographics of subalpine populations is important for management of the species. At three subalpine sites at Crater Lake National Park, Oregon, individual B. pumicola plants were tagged, mapped and monitored for six consecutive years. In sample plots, the population of B. pumicola was stable over the six-year period with recruitment rates approximating dormancy and death rates. The annual dormancy rate was 6.4% and annual recruitment rate was 9%. Plants that went dormant and new recruits were smaller in stature than those of the original tagged plants suggesting that these plants were experiencing factors affecting fitness. Reduced pre-dormancy sporophore production and plant stature was a predictor of population decline. Variations in snow depth did not affect plant emergence, recruitment, or dormancy. Our results show that B. pumicola does not have a large below-ground reservoir of dormant rhizomes and the aboveground population most accurately represents the total population of adult individuals. Tracking B. pumicola individuals provides valuable information for management of this elusive species.
The impact of treatment at minority-serving hospitals on outcomes for bladder cancer.

492Background: Healthcare for racial minorities is densely concentrated at a small subset of hospitals in the United States. Understanding long-term outcomes at these minority-serving hospitals is ...
Meckel's Diverticulum: Pitfalls in Scintigraphic Detection in the Adult

The diagnosis of a bleeding Meckel's diverticulum containing ectopic gastric mucosa by 99m-Tc pertechnetate imaging is reported to have a diagnostic accuracy of 90% for patients in the pediatric age group. The usefulness of Meckel's scanning in adults is, however, less certain. We present two patients who illustrate some of the difficulties inherent in Meckel's scanning in adults; one had a false-negative scan despite the presence of ectopic gastric mucosa and the other had a false-positive scan, both confirmed by laparotomy. The available literature indicates that false-positive and false-negative scans occur relatively frequently in adults, but no comprehensive review on this subject exists. Based on our findings, it is suggested that Meckel's scanning be supplemented with small bowel infusion or arteriography or both to improve preoperative diagnosis in adult patients in whom a diverticulum is suspected.
Abstract WP70: Aptamer Inhibition of Von Willebrand Factor Ameliorates Ischemic Stroke Burden in a Murine Model of Thromboembolic Stroke

Introduction: While recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rTPA) is the mainstay of ischemic stroke treatment, recanalization is only achieved in 25-50% of patients. With a significant risk of i...
Children in the Hebrew Bible and Childist Interpretation

This article traces the rise of research on children in the Hebrew Bible (HB). While early contributions to the field provided foundational insights, this area of scholarship has gained significant...
2353: Competency-based training program for Research Professionals

OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: To increase knowledge and application of clinical research coordinator competencies among Research Professionals at the University of Minnesota. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: The UMN’s CTSI developed and piloted a Foundations for Research Professionals training program comprised of: a baseline assessment, 7 online modules, 4 in-person training sessions, video and reading assignments and a post assessment, which totaled 30–35 hours of training and covered the following topics: preparing for a study, study management, participant recruitment and engagement, assessing capacity to consent and the informed consent process. This course also provides valuable resources and connections to online references and materials. The competencies for this program were based on work of the Joint Task Force for Clinical Trial Competency. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: 30 clinical research professionals completed the pilot program and averaged an increase of 6.5% from baseline assessment to post assessment. Participants were asked to rate their confidence on a variety of role-based competencies at the time of preassessments and postassessments. Trends show an increase in confidence for all competency areas after completion of the training program. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Developing a workforce of competent research professionals is integral to improve the efficiency, quality, and ethics of research. The Foundations for Research Professionals training program increased knowledge of clinical research coordinator competencies. We will assess impact on application of the competencies 6 months after completion of the program. Our next steps include offering the training program as a 2-week session on an ongoing basis for new coordinators at the University of Minnesota.
“Fake Smile. Everything is under Control.”: The Flawless Performance of Motherhood

As mothers engage in domestic responsibilities, one task they encounter is maintaining face in public spaces, on and offline. One hundred thirty-six mothers completed an open-ended online survey, a...