cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sampling Device to Extract Intact Cores in Saturated Organic Soils

Physical property data on organic soils are lacking due to difficulty in collecting undisturbed samples from these frequently saturated and weakly consolidated soils. A sampling device was constructed to extract undisturbed cores from saturated organic soils in a forested setting. The sampler consists of a 100-cm-long, 7.6-cm-diam. schedule 40 PVC pipe that was fitted with female threaded adapters on either end. A cutting head was constructed to cut through the fibric root mat and other woody debris in the profile by gluing a 7.6-cm-diam. hole-saw to a male threaded adaptor that was attached to the PVC pipe. The sampler was rotated by hand into the organic soil with gentle downward pressure. When the desired depth was reached, the remaining air space in the PVC pipe was filled with water and a threaded cap was used to seal the top of the sampler. A 1.3-cm-diam. galvanized pipe was inserted next to the sampler to add water to the bottom of the core, relieving the suction created as the core was pulled from the soil. The sampler and vent pipe were pulled from the soil either by hand or with a tripod-winch arrangement. Before the cutting head was raised above the water table, it was removed and replaced with another threaded PVC cap. The 100-cm-long pipe containing the soil core was then cut into 7.6-cm-long sections using a wheel-type PVC pipe cutter. Saturated hydraulic conductivity and soil water characteristics were then measured in the laboratory using the resulting 7.6-cm-long samples encased in the PVC cylinders.
Combination therapy with radiation and mithramycin or actinomycin D in A transplanted mouse glioma

Mouse glioma tumors implanted in C57 black mice were treated with mithramycin or actinomycin D, radiation therapy, and each of these chemical agents in combination with radiation therapy. Response of the tumors to treatment was measured in terms of tumor size, linear growth rate, and survival. Both mithramycin and actimycin D reduced linear growth rate, but survival was not different from the control animals. The antitumor effects of a single course of the chemotherapeutic agents given alone were of relatively short duration. Radiation therapy reduced tumor size, the linear growth rate was less than with the chemotherapies, and survival was prolonged. Actinomycin D or large doses of mithramycin combined with radiation therapy produced a greater reduction of tumor size and linear growth rate than did any of the therapeutic agents alone. Combination therapy was associated with a phenomenon of increased mortality in the early phase of the experiment. There is a suggested enhancement of antitumor activity when these chemotherapeutic agents and radiation therapy are employed in combination.
In situ identification of various ionic species in Jupiter's magnetosphere

Continuing analysis of the Voyager 1 in situ measurements of the plasma (10-5,950 V) near Jupiter has revealed the existence of further atomic and molecular ions as minor constituents of the plasma. Ions with mass per charge values of 1, 8, 10-2/3, 16, 23, 32, 64, about 104, and about 160 were identified within 20 Jovian radii of Jupiter in the dayside magnetosphere. Wherever both protons and heavy ions were detected, the mass density was dominated by the heavy ions by a factor of about 100. The plasma ions moved with a common component of velocity which is not always the value expected geometrically from co-rotation. The ions with mass per charge values equal to or larger than 64 were probably molecular ions.
Hanging gondola structure of the T1 domain in a voltage-gated K(+) channel.

The T1 domain is a ∼100-residue sequence in the cytoplasmic N-terminal region of Kv-type K+ channels. The structure of the isolated domain is known, but it is uncertain whether the structure of this domain is maintained in the fully assembled, membrane-associated, homotetrameric channel protein. We use the structure of the isolated domain as a guide for designing disulfide bonds to cross-link Shaker K+ channels through the T1 domain. Six pairs of residues with side chains closely apposed across the T1 subunit interface were selected for replacement by cysteine. Of these, three pairs formed cross-links upon air oxidation of cysteine-substituted Shaker channels expressed in Xenopus oocyte membranes. Two of these cross-linked channels were examined electrophysiologically and were found to have gating properties only slightly altered from wild-type. The results show that the structure of the isolated T1 domain exists in the mature ion channel. They also demand that this domain is attached to the membrane-embe...
Collisionless infrared energy deposition in OCS

Abstract We report experiments which show that OCS does not undergo collisionless infrared multiphoton dissociation at high fluences (250 J/cm 2 ) and intensities (3 x 10 11 W/cm 2 ), at variance with previously published results at lower fluence and intensity. Under these same conditions optoacoustic measurements, furthermore, show that an average of less than one photon per molecule is absorbed.
Acute cholestatic hepatitis associated with celecoxib.

OBJECTIVE:To report a case of acute cholestatic hepatitis associated with the selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor celecoxib.CASE SUMMARY:A 41-year-old white man was hospitalized for jaundice after 2 doses of celecoxib 200 mg for pain associated with right-knee trauma. Laboratory workup showed hyperbilirubinemia, mildly elevated serum transaminase concentrations, and cholestasis. Abdominal imaging showed no dilation of the biliary tree. Histology showed cholestasis, with bile plugs in dilated bile canaliculi and a mild portal infiltrate that are highly suggestive of drug-induced cholestasis.DISCUSSION:This is the fourth report in the English-language literature describing cholestatic hepatitis temporally related to celecoxib use, the second supported by histologic findings typical of drug-induced cholestasis, and the first in a patient who denied use of alcoholic beverages and was taking no other drugs or herbal products at the time of the reaction. The Naranjo probability scale indicated that celecoxib w...
Quantitative evaluation of bundling effect on single walled carbon nanotubes by resonance Raman spectra

The radial breathing mode (RBM) region of the resonance Raman spectra of HiPco single walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) was investigated as a function of aggregation. This was modeled using an energetic deviation term (Δ E ), imparted to the optical transitions ( E ii ( n, m )) by bundling effect. E ii ( n, m ) values obtained from photoluminescence (PL) measurements were used to reconstruct these RBM profiles. The simulation revealed that the PL-determined E ii ( n, m ) set provided a good fit in terms of peak position. Providing an accurate set of E ii ( n, m ) values becomes available, the RBM profile reconstruction methodology discussed herein could greatly enhance our ability to model a range of physicochemical changes to the immediate environment of SWNTs.
In defense of IBM

The ability to adjust to various technical and business disruptions has been essential to IBM's success during the past century.
Coaching Ourselves to Perform Multiplicity and Advocacy: A Response to Stephens and Mills

Cahnmann-Taylor draws on Boalian Theatre of the Oppressed to offer a practice for literacy teachers and coaches that can open up multiple perspectives and multiple levels of intentions and motivations for a teacher's decision making. She challenges coaches and teachers to engage in artistic examinations of multiplicity to move toward performing complexity and advocacy.
Single atomic particle at rest in free space : new value for electron radius

Zero-point confinement in a suitable trap is briefly discussed as a quantum-mechanical equivalent of the classical single particle at rest in free space. So far, such confinement has been realized, Fig.1, only for the 150 GHz cyclotron motion in geonium, a single electron permanently confined in a Penning trap. The most important result of stored ion spectroscopy is a new, 10 000 times smaller, radius for the electron, R < 10−20 cm [1]. This result was obtained by analyzing our g-factor data [2], now g/2 = 1. 001 159 652 193(4), on the basis of a near-Dirac particle model, Fig.2. The best current theoretical value [3] is g/2 = 1.001 159 652 460(145). RF spectroscopy in geonium relies on the Continuous Stern-Gerlach Effect E4,53, in which a spin flip is detected as a small change in the ≈ 60 MHz axial oscillation frequency of the electron in the trap, Fig.3. The Kaufmann- Einstein Effect, or relativistic mass shift of the electron, may become a superior alternative: operating a geonium atom as a frequency selective mini-synchro-cyclotron [6] has produced an easily detectable shift in the axial frequency, Fig.4.
Small primary care practices face four hurdles--including a physician-centric mind-set--in becoming medical homes.

Transforming small independent practices to patient-centered medical homes is widely believed to be a critical step in reforming the US health care system. Our team has conducted research on improv...
One step surface modification of gold nanoparticles for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy

Abstract One of the drawbacks of surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy is that molecule of interest needs to be adsorbed or at least present near the surface of the substrates in order to achieve high enhancement. Unfortunately, majority molecules have no suitable functional groups interacting with the surface of the substrates and suffer poor SERS enhancement. In this work, one-step surface modification of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) using linking molecules (LM) was demonstrated to attract the target molecules (TM) closer to the surface of AuNPs, hence lead to higher SERS enhancement. Here, 2-mercaptoethanol was employed as the linking molecule for its strong adsorption on AuNPs surface through a thiol group on one end and the intermolecular interaction between the LM and the TM through the hydroxyl group at the other end. Three target molecules were tested. For benzoic acid, no intensity difference was observed on the AuNPs modified with LM compared with the non-modified original ones. Interestingly, two times higher enhancement was observed from cyclohexanol TM on the modified surface. As much as four times higher enhancement was achieved with the modified Au surface from 1,3-cyclohexanediol. The stronger the interaction between the LM and TM is, the higher the SERS enhancement factor is. Also, the enhancement is highly dependent on the surface coverage of the LM. This simple modification method is important for most molecules which do not strongly interact with commonly used SERS substrates like Au or Ag nanoparticles and enables their possible characterization or detection using SERS.
Stability of linear autonomous systems under regular switching sequences

In this work, we discuss the stability of a discrete-time linear autonomous system under regular switching sequences, whose switching sequences are generated by a Muller automaton. The asymptotic stability of this system, referred to as regular asymptotic stability, generalizes two well-known definitions of stability of autonomous discrete-time linear switched systems, namely absolute asymptotic stability (AAS) and shuffle asymptotic stability (SAS). We also extend these stability definitions to robust versions. We prove that absolute asymptotic stability, robust absolute asymptotic stability and robust shuffle asymptotic stability are equivalent to exponential stability. In addition, by using the Kronecker product, we prove that a robust regular asymptotic stability problem is equivalent to the conjunction of several robust absolute asymptotic stability problems.
DRESS Syndrome: A Practical Approach for Primary Care Practitioners

Drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS), also called as drug hypersensitivity syndrome (DHS)/antiepileptic drug hypersensitivity syndrome, is a severe form of cutaneous drug reaction and is characterized by fever, skin rash, lymphadenopathy, hematological abnormalities, and internal organ involvement. In this case report, we present a child who developed DRESS with peripheral eosinophilia and hepatic involvement subsequent to the use of carbamazepine and who responded very well to systemic corticosteroids.
New Agilent platform DNA microarrays for transcriptome analysis of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium berghei for the malaria research community.

DNA microarrays have been a valuable tool in malaria research for over a decade but remain in limited use in part due their relatively high cost, poor availability, and technical difficulty. With the aim of alleviating some of these factors next-generation DNA microarrays for genome-wide transcriptome analysis for both Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium berghei using the Agilent 8x15K platform were designed. Probe design was adapted from previously published methods and based on the most current transcript predictions available at the time for P. falciparum or P. berghei. Array performance and transcriptome analysis was determined using dye-coupled, aminoallyl-labelled cDNA and streamlined methods for hybridization, washing, and array analysis were developed. The new array design marks a notable improvement in the number of transcripts covered and average number of probes per transcript. Array performance was excellent across a wide range of transcript abundance, with low inter-array and inter-probe variability for relative abundance measurements and it recapitulated previously observed transcriptional patterns. Additionally, improvements in sensitivity permitted a 20-fold reduction in necessary starting RNA amounts, further reducing experimental costs and widening the range of application. DNA microarrays utilizing the Agilent 8x15K platform for genome-wide transcript analysis in P. falciparum and P. berghei mark an improvement in coverage and sensitivity, increased availability to the research community, and simplification of the experimental methods.
Jeje: repensando nações e transnacionalismo

Theorists and observers of transnationalism, or globalization, tend to regard the phenomenon as new and as antagonistic to the territorial nation. This essay seeks to establish the historical and transnational nature of one famous but little-understood African "nation" in Brazil and to show that such transnational black identities have evolved in a mutually transformative dialogue with the territorial nation. Therefore, far from prefiguring the demise of the territorial nation, these and other such transnational phenomena have been critical to the very construction of the American territorial nation.
The evolution of rational demons

If fast and frugal heuristics are as good as they seem to be, who needs logic and probability theory? Fast and frugal heuristics depend for their success on reliable structure in the environment. In passive environments, there is relatively little change in structure as a consequence of individual choices. But in social interactions with competing agents, the environment may be structured by agents capable of exploiting logical and probabilistic weaknesses in competitors' heuristics. Aspirations toward the ideal of a demon reasoner may consequently be adaptive for direct competition with such agents.
Power estimation of sequential circuits using hierarchical colored hardware Petri net modeling

A hierarchical colored hardware Petri net (HCHPN) based model was proposed in (A. K. Murugavel et al, Proc. of Intl. Conf. on VLSI Design, pp. 181-186, 2001) for estimating switching activity in combinational circuits. In this paper, we model sequential circuits as HCHPNs incorporating real delays for both gates and interconnects. Thus, the given sequential circuit is first modeled as a HCHPN and simulated for switching activity estimation in the Petri net domain which leads to better accuracy and faster simulation. Experimental results for ISCAS'89 benchmark circuits show that the proposed HCHPN model yields accuracy on an average within 4.4% of that of PowerMill. The per-pattern simulation time for HCHPNs is about 2.4 times less than that of PowerMill.
Surface Dating Using Rock Varnish

Rock varnish, a dark-colored, magnesium-, iron-, and silica-rich coating that forms on exposed rock surfaces over time, especially in arid and semi-arid regions, has been used as a chronometric dating tool in both archaeology and geology The methods most commonly employed are cation-ratio dating, using differential leaching of cations in the varnish coating, and accelerator mass spectrometry-based radiocarbon dating of organic material contained within or trapped beneath the varnish coating. The premises, supporting assumptions, and limitations involved in using each of these methods for dating archaeological surfaces using rock varnish seriously call into question any chronological conclusions derived from either method. Rock-varnish dates should be considered unreliable at this time.
An elastic-plastic finite element alternating method for analyzing wide-spread fatigue damage in aircraft structures

62 Abstract In this paper, a new analytical technique to study the effect of wide-spread fatigue damage in ductile panels is presented. The main purpose of the study is to develop an efficient methodology to predict the maximum load carrying capacity of panels with cracks. The problem arises especially in the fuselage skin of aging airplanes, in which cracks initiate from a row of rivet holes. This problem is known as Multi Site Damage (MSD) in aging aircraft. It is very important to estimate the load carrying capacity. Usually, the approach based on elastic fracture mechanics may overestimate the load capacity. It is very important for the aircraft structure with MSD to estimate the load carrying capacity of such damaged structures. Approaches based on elastic fracture mechanics often lead to a considerable error. In this paper, the Elastic Finite Element Alternating Method (EFEAM) has been extended to the case of elastic-plastic fracture of panels with MSD cracks. In EFEAM, analytical solutions to crack problems in an infinite plate are employed. In this study, we adopted an analytical solution for a row of cracks in an infinite panel. Furthermore, the plastic deformation is accounted for, by using the initial stress algorithm. The T* integral is employed for the fracture criterion. The methodology developed in the present study can be called as Elastic-Plastic Finite Element Alternating Method (EPFEAM) for MSD problems. A series of studies on the maximum load capacity of panels with a row of cracks has been conducted. 1
Electronic Clinical Challenges and Images in GI

Question: A 60-year-old woman was referred from local clinics because of incidental finding of 1 gastric submucosal tumor via upper gastrointestinal endoscopy during a health examination. She had no symptom of dyspepsia, abdominal pain, melena, or weight loss. We performed upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and endoscopic ultrasound. One submucosal tumor about 1.5 cm in diameter with intact covering mucosa and depressed ulcerative lesion on the top was found in pyloric region (Figure A). Endoscopic ultrasound with miniprobe 2R showed that this pyloric submucosal tumor, 1.0 cm in size, was hypoechoic homogeneous, originated from the second and third echolayer without involvement of the fourth echolayer (Figure B). Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) of the tumor was performed with the insulated-tip-2 knife (KD611L; Olympus) and the electrosurgical generator (VIO200D; ERBE). The submucosal tumor was resected completely. The postresection defect was approximately 2.5 cm in diameter (Figure C). Figure D is microscopic findings with hematoxylin and eosin stain (original magnification, 400). What is the diagnosis?
Development and Evaluation of a Broad-Coverage Probabilistic Grammar of English-Language Computer Manuals

We present an approach to grammar development where the task is decomposed into two separate subtasks. The first tasks linguistic, with the goal of producing a set of rules that have a large coverage (in the sense that the correct parse is among the proposed parses) on a blind test set of sentences. The second task is statistical, with the goal of developing a model of the grammar which assigns maximum probability for the correct parse. We give parsing results on text from computer manuals.
Emotional Components Of Unethical Decisions: An Exploratory Study

The role of emotions in decision-making has been explored by others and has revealed that both “immediate emotions”, those present at the time of the decision, and “expected emotions”, those expected to result from a decision, effect which alternative will be chosen (Lowenstein, 2001). The significance of emotions in behavior decisions has also been estimated as it relates to product and service choice (Morris, 2002). This research employs a mixed-method design to understand the role emotions play in making decisions regarding ethical behavior. The research applies a validated technique for measuring human emotions to determine whether there is an emotional reaction to the mere consideration of unethical behavior and which emotions, if any, respond to the thought of unethical behavior.
Analysis of RBQ: a new cooperative web caching mechanism that adapts to link congestion

A new Web proxy cooperation mechanism is introduced and analyzed that preserves advantages of cooperative caching in the presence of proxy link capacity variations. The Restricted Broadcast Query (RBQ) cooperation mechanism uses a score table containing dynamic information that describes proxy connectivity. This information is used to re-distribute load among proxies, thereby compensating for changes in link capacities. An analytic model was developed to evaluate network congestion effects on alternative Web proxy cooperation mechanisms (CMs). The model was applied to a system of identical, fully connected proxies, in order to compare the performance of two common CMs (Broadcasting and URL-hashing) with that of RBQ.
The evolution of high summit metabolism and cold tolerance in birds and its impact on present-day distributions.

Summit metabolic rate (Msum , maximum cold-induced metabolic rate) is positively correlated with cold tolerance in birds, suggesting that high Msum is important for residency in cold climates. However, the phylogenetic distribution of high Msum among birds and the impact of its evolution on current distributions are not well understood. Two potential adaptive hypotheses might explain the phylogenetic distribution of high Msum among birds. The cold adaptation hypothesis contends that species wintering in cold climates should have higher Msum than species wintering in warmer climates. The flight adaptation hypothesis suggests that volant birds might be capable of generating high Msum as a byproduct of their muscular capacity for flight; thus, variation in Msum should be associated with capacity for sustained flight, one indicator of which is migration. We collected Msum data from the literature for 44 bird species and conducted both conventional and phylogenetically informed statistical analyses to examine ...
Extent and distribution of coronary artery disease: A comparative study of invasive versus noninvasive angiography with computed angiography

Background The extent and nature of overall coronary artery disease (CAD), defined as the cumulative stenotic and nonstenotic, calcified and noncalcified atherosclerosis burden, are underestimated by invasive coronary angiography (ICA) and more accurately quantified with intravascular ultrasound. Multidetector row computed tomography (MDCT) is inferior to intravascular ultrasound but may constitute an attractive noninvasive alternative to assess overall CAD burden. Methods To compare ICA with MDCT for detection of CAD (defined as luminal narrowing of any degree or calcification by ICA and any atherosclerotic plaque detection by MDCT using the 17-segment model), we studied 37 patients (age, 63 ± 11 years) who underwent both tests. Results A total of 508 of 586 (87%) segments were assessable, and CAD was detected in 121 of 508 (24%) segments by ICA versus 338 of 508 (67%) by MDCT ( P P = .01). Of the 221 segments negative for CAD by ICA, 119 (54%) were positively remodeled on MDCT. Overall correlation between ICA and MDCT for detection of CAD was poor ( κ = 0.25). Conclusions Invasive coronary angiography and MDCT differ significantly in estimating the presence and nature of CAD. Multidetector row computed tomography may provide an attractive noninvasive alternative to ICA to assess the effects of medical therapy.
Ethernet Adaptive Link Rate: System Design and Performance Evaluation

The Internet and the devices that connect to it consume a growing and significant amount of electricity. The utilization of desktop-to-switch Ethernet links is generally very low and thus there is a potential for energy savings by using an Adaptive Link Rate (ALR) protocol that matches link rate to utilization. In this paper, we design and evaluate a new ALR policy suitable for both bursty and smooth traffic. The policy uses output buffer thresholds and fine-grain utilization monitoring to determine when to switch link data rate. We develop a new traffic model for generating synthetic 1 and 10 Gb/s bursty traffic traces. Using this traffic model and simulation, we show that the new ALR policy is suitable for smooth traffic and also does not degrade performance for bursty traffic. Performance is measured in packet delay versus time in low (and energy saving) data rate.
Medical Diplomacy and Global Mental Health: From Community and National Institutions to Regional Centers of Excellence

We explore how regional medical diplomacy can increase funding for global mental health initiatives. Interventions for infectious diseases have dominated medical diplomacy by focusing on security concerns. The global mental health movement has adopted similar strategies, but unsuccessfully since mental illnesses do not cause international epidemics. Instead, realpolitik arguments may increase funding by prioritizing economic productivity and regional diplomacy based on cultural ties to advance mental health services and research at the community level. In South Asia, initiatives to train personnel and provide refugee services offer a foundation for regional centers of excellence. This model can be expanded elsewhere.
Frequency reconfigurable compact multiband quasi-log periodic dipole array (QLPDA) antenna for wireless communications

The log-periodic dipole array (LPDA) antenna is most commonly characterized as providing a linearly-polarized and directive radiation pattern across a wide frequency band. Methods of designing and analyzing basic LPDA structures have been discussed at length by Carrel and Peixeiro [1]. The LPDA structure has long been used for wideband VHF and UHF communication applications [2]. More recently, the LPDA structure has been presented using standard PCB materials as a substrate for low cost applications [3–5]. There is great demand for frequency reconfigurable multiband and compact antennas in modern mobile handheld communication units that can work with arbitrary orientation of the receive wave.
Vertebral Osteomyelitis due to Candida Species: Case Report and Literature Review

Candida species uncommonly cause vertebral osteomyelitis. We present a case of lumbar vertebral osteomyelitis caused by Candida albicans and review 59 cases of candidal vertebral osteomyelitis reported in the literature. The mean age was 50 years, and the lower thoracic or lumbar spine was involved in 95% of patients. Eighty-three percent of patients had back pain for >1 month, 32% presented with fever, and 19% had neurological deficits. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate was elevated in 87% of patients, and blood culture yielded Candida species for 51%. C. albicans was responsible for 62% of cases, Candida tropicalis for 19%, and Candida glabrata for 14%. Risk factors for candidal vertebral osteomyelitis were the presence of a central venous catheter, antibiotic use, immunosuppression, and injection drug use. Medical and surgical therapies were both used, and amphotericin B was the primary antifungal agent. Prognosis was good, with an overall clinical cure rate of 85%.
A VLIW architecture based on shifting register files

Anti-dependencies are a major cause of bottleneck in software pipelining. Anti-dependencies can be removed in software by code duplication as in the technique of modulo variable expansion. However, it is possible to eliminate anti-dependencies in hardware. So far, two such VLIW architectures have been proposed: polycyclic and URPR-1 architectures. These architectures also introduce attractive solutions for the memory contention problem in general. We, on the other hand, propose a more cost-effective architecture for the same purpose: SRFA. SRFA is based on "shifting register files". >
A 2-bit miniature X-band MEMS phase shifter

The design and performance of a compact low-loss X-band true-time-delay (TTD) MEMS phase shifter fabricated on 8-mil GaAs substrate is described. A semi-lumped approach using microstrip transmission lines and metal-insulator-metal (MIM) capacitors is employed for the delay lines in order to both reduce circuit size as well as avoid the high insertion loss found in typical miniaturized designs. The 2-bit phase shifter achieved an average insertion loss of -0.70 dB at 9.45 GHz, and an associated phase accuracy of /spl plusmn/1.3/spl deg/. It occupies an area of only 5 mm/sup 2/, which is 44% the area of the smallest known X-band MEMS phase shifter . The phase shifter operates over 6-14 GHz with a return loss of better than -14 dB.
Online Mate-Retention Tactics on Facebook Are Associated With Relationship Aggression

A measure of Facebook-related mate-retention tactics was developed to investigate the relationship between online behaviors and intimate partner aggression. One hundred and seventy-seven young adults (65 men, 112 women) completed questionnaires that included measures of online and offline mate-retention tactics, Facebook jealousy, Facebook surveillance, and intimate partner violence. A factor analysis yielded four subscales for the Facebook Mate-Retention Tactic Inventory (FMRTI): Care and Affection, Jealousy and Surveillance, Possession Signals, and Punishment of Infidelity Threat. The FMRTI total scores were positively correlated with Facebook jealousy, Facebook surveillance, and use of offline mate-retention tactics. The Jealousy and Surveillance subscale uniquely predicted intimate partner psychological and physical aggression over and above existing measures. Facebook mate-retention tactics fully mediated the relation between Facebook jealousy and both intimate partner psychological and physical aggression. The current study provides preliminary evidence for conceptualizing Facebook as an environment for the use of mate-retention tactics that have real-life implications for intimate partner violence.
Barriers to Primary Care Physicians Prescribing Buprenorphine

PURPOSE Despite the efficacy of buprenorphine-naloxone for the treatment of opioid use disorders, few physicians in Washington State use this clinical tool. To address the acute need for this service, a Rural Opioid Addiction Management Project trained 120 Washington physicians in 2010–2011 to use buprenorphine. We conducted this study to determine what proportion of those trained physicians began prescribing this treatment and identify barriers to incorporating this approach into outpatient practice. METHODS We interviewed 92 of 120 physicians (77%), obtaining demographic information, current prescribing status, clinic characteristics, and barriers to prescribing buprenorphine. Residents and 7 physicians who were prescribing buprenorphine at the time of the course were excluded from the study. We analyzed the responses of the 78 remaining respondents. RESULTS Almost all respondents reported positive attitudes toward buprenorphine, but only 22 (28%) reported prescribing buprenorphine. Most (95%, n = 21) new prescribers were family physicians. Physicians who prescribed buprenorphine were more likely to have partners who had received a waiver to prescribe buprenorphine. A lack of institutional support was associated with not prescribing the medication (P = .04). A lack of mental health and psychosocial support was the most frequently cited barrier by both those who prescribe and who do not prescribe buprenorphine. CONCLUSION Interventions before and after training are needed to increase the number of physicians who offer buprenorphine for treatment of addiction. Targeting physicians in clinics that agree in advance to institute services, coupled with technical assistance after they have completed their training, their clinical teams, and their administrations is likely to help more physicians become active providers of this highly effective outpatient treatment.
A mutant heterodimeric myosin with one inactive head generates maximal displacement

Each of the heads of the motor protein myosin II is capable of supporting motion. A previous report showed that double-headed myosin generates twice the displacement of single-headed myosin (Tyska, M.J., D.E. Dupuis, W.H. Guilford, J.B. Patlak, G.S. Waller, K.M. Trybus, D.M. Warshaw, and S. Lowey. 1999. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 96:4402-4407). To determine the role of the second head, we expressed a smooth muscle heterodimeric heavy meromyosin (HMM) with one wild-type head, and the other locked in a weak actin-binding state by introducing a point mutation in switch II (E470A). Homodimeric E470A HMM did not support in vitro motility, and only slowly hydrolyzed MgATP. Optical trap measurements revealed that the heterodimer generated unitary displacements of 10.4 nm, strikingly similar to wild-type HMM (10.2 nm) and approximately twice that of single-headed subfragment-1 (4.4 nm). These data show that a double-headed molecule can achieve a working stroke of approximately 10 nm with only one active head and an inactive weak-binding partner. We propose that the second head optimizes the orientation and/or stabilizes the structure of the motion-generating head, thereby resulting in maximum displacement.
Aging with HIV-1 Infection: Motor Functions, Cognition, and Attention – A Comparison with Parkinson’s Disease

Recent advances in highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) in their various combinations have dramatically increased the life expectancies of HIV-infected persons. People diagnosed with HIV are living beyond the age of 50 but are experiencing the cumulative effects of HIV infection and aging on brain function. In HIV-infected aging individuals, the potential synergy between immunosenescence and HIV viral loads increases susceptibility to HIV-related brain injury and functional brain network degradation similar to that seen in Parkinson's disease (PD), the second most common neurodegenerative disorder in the aging population. Although there are clear diagnostic differences in the primary pathology of both diseases, i.e., death of dopamine-generating cells in the substantia nigra in PD and neuroinflammation in HIV, neurotoxicity to dopaminergic terminals in the basal ganglia (BG) has been implied in the pathogenesis of HIV and neuroinflammation in the pathogenesis of PD. Similar to PD, HIV infection affects structures of the BG, which are part of interconnected circuits including mesocorticolimbic pathways linking brainstem nuclei to BG and cortices subserving attention, cognitive control, and motor functions. The present review discusses the combined effects of aging and neuroinflammation in HIV individuals on cognition and motor function in comparison with age-related neurodegenerative processes in PD. Despite the many challenges, some HIV patients manage to age successfully, most likely by redistribution of neural network resources to enhance function, as occurs in healthy elderly; such compensation could be curtailed by emerging PD.
Searching for Homo Socialis: A Comment on Gintis and Helbing

We argue that sociology has not ignored the rational actor in ways sometimes claimed by economists. At the same time, we offer examples of how sociological studies, most especially experimental sociology, augment and inform economics about the role of social identity in decision making. We highlight some ways in which economics and sociology develop and extend each otherâs formulations.
Local Health Policy in Action: The Municipal Health Services Program . By Eli Ginzberg, Edith M. Davis, and Miriam Ostow (Totowa, NJ: Rowman & Allanheld, 1985. xiv, 136p. $28.50).

Drawing upon a comparative analysis of the experiences of five municipalities in various U.S. regions, this book provides a thematic study of problems confronting all of the nation's large cities, proposes alternative models for resolving them, and devises strategies for coping now and in the future with a rapidly changing health care environment.
A Discussion of Investing Theories

This article examines four leading investing theories: 1) the firm-foundation theory of S. Eliot Guild, 2) the theory of investment value of John B. Williams, 3) the John M. Keynes castle-in-the-air theory, and 4) the theory of games and economic behavior of John Von Neumann and Oskar Morgenstern. It discusses the use of fundamental and technical analysis by each theory, as well as the asset valuations models derived from the four of them. This article thus synthesizes, compares, and contrasts the four theories and proposes a holistic approach for future financial research.
Detection Technology without Cutting Power for Transformer Condition Evaluation

Through the operation experience and statistical analysis, the state variables of detection can be got without cutting power, which can effectively reflect the condition of power transformer. Based on the morphological theory, this paper presented a hybrid filter for on-line monitoring dates which was combined with the open-closing filter and close-opening filter. The evaluation function was established by eighteen state variables which were got without cutting power, such as partial discharge, oil chromatography, casing leakage current, casing dielectric loss factor and so on. A multilevel evaluation model was also proposed based on the evaluation of state variables, parts and the whole of transformers, which could be used to evaluate the condition of working transformer.
Evidence-based Teaching with the Help of Mobile Response System (MRS)

Over the past couple of years, evidence-based teaching and learning methods are brought into focus from the experience gained in clinical psychology and their use of Evidence-Based Practices. Different authors have discussed the advantages of using such evidence-based methods for teaching and learning in academia. Measuring real-time impact of traditional pedagogical approaches used in STEM disciplines are not easy and do not provide faculty an instant evidence about student learning. This paper will present Mobile Response System (MRS) software, which facilitate anonymous communication, interaction and evaluation of in-class interactive problem solving activities using mobile devices. MRS facilitates a feedback-driven and evidence-based teaching methodology, which is important to enhance student learning.
Symbols and Allegory

Each week thousands of people visit an ancient wall in Jerusalem and are moved by the experience; the wall may or may not be the remnant of Solomon’s temple but it has acquired that meaning, and to stand there and perhaps scribble a wish on a piece of paper and hide it between the cracks is a symbolic act of community with the God of Israel. Not far away, thousands of people climb a dozen stairs and gaze at a shapeless mound of ancient rock which has been designated as the place of the Crucifixion. To stand thus is a symbolic act of Christian community. A farmer from Wisconsin visiting the marketplace in Jaipur, India, is astonished to see how the cow is treated there; but he soon learns that it is a sacred symbol in the Hindu religion and may not be hindered in its wandering or harmed in any way.
Work Function, Tunneling Spectroscopy and Ellipsometry

The use of a retarding diode method for measuring work function changes upon adsorption is one of the oldest and simplest methods for measurement in surface science.
Posterior Mediastinal Mass

Neural tumors are the most common primary tumors in the posterior mediastinum, but metastases, lymphoma, and primary bone tumors do occur in this location. Vertebral fractures often have associated hematomas, and discitis with osteomyelitis may extend into the paravertebral soft tissues. Aortic aneurysm, dissection, or injury may all cause hemorrhage with hematoma in the posterior mediastinum. Bochdalek hernias are in the posterior inferior mediastinum and may contain a kidney. Neurenteric cysts have associated vertebral anomalies and are more posterior than the other congenital cysts. Extramedullary hematopoiesis is rare but should be suspected in patients with chronic anemias.
Organizational Assimilation Theory, Research, and Implications for Multiple Areas of the Discipline: A State of the Art Review

In examining the state of the art in organizational assimilation studies, we explicate specific linkages between work on assimilation in organizational contexts and other areas of the communication discipline. We define the construct, present an overview of the primary theoretical models that have directed research on organizational assimilation since the 1970s, and identify the major areas of research, discussing representative studies within each area. Throughout, we illustrate ways in which communication scholars in the areas of instructional/developmental, technology, mass media, health, intercultural/developmental, and group communication might draw from organizational assimilation research for a heightened understanding of their own variables of interest. Finally, based on an in-depth review of the literature in this area, the authors recommend intensified research attention to the antecedents to particular assimilation processes, development of research methods that would capture the dynamic and in...
Form for presenting petitions on human rights violations

The following form, prepared by the Executive Secretariat of the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, is intended to assist the presentation of petitions regarding violations of human rights alleged to have been committed by member states of the Organization of American States, by the victims of such violations, their families, civil society organizations and other persons. The form is based upon the information required under the Commission's Rules of Procedure for processing petitions filed with the Commission and for determining whether there have been violations of human rights protected by international instruments binding upon the State accused of the violations. The necessary information is set out in Article 28 of the Commission's Rules of Procedure, which reads as follows: Article 28. Requirements for the Consideration of Petitions Petitions addressed to the Commission shall contain the following information: a. the name, nationality and signature of the person or persons making the denunciation; or in cases where the petitioner is a nongovernmental entity, the name and signature of its legal representative(s); b. whether the petitioner wishes that his or her identity be withheld from the State; c. the address for receiving correspondence from the Commission and, if available, a telephone number, facsimile number, and email address; d. an account of the act or situation that is denounced, specifying the place and date of the alleged violations; e. if possible, the name of the victim and of any public authority who has taken cognizance of the fact or situation alleged; f. the State the petitioner considers responsible, by act or omission, for the violation of any of the human rights recognized in the American Convention on Human Rights and other applicable instruments, even if no specific reference is made to the article(s) alleged to have been violated; g. compliance with the time period provided for in Article 32 of these Rules of Procedure; h. any steps taken to exhaust domestic remedies, or the impossibility of doing so as provided in Article 31 of these Rules of Procedure; and i. an indication of whether the complaint has been submitted to another international settlement proceeding as provided in Article 33 of these Rules of Procedure.
Higher Risk of Care for Hidradenitis Suppurativa in African American and Non-Hispanic Patients in the United States

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic cutaneous inflammatory disease. Few reports have been published on the influence of race, ethnicity, and other patient demographic factors as determinants of care for HS. Data from the 2005 to 2011 National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NAMCS) and the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NHAMCS) were analyzed for to assess factors that were predictive of outpatient visits for HS. Logistic regression controlling for demographic and other factors showed several disparities. African Americans are more likely to experience clinic visits for HS than Whites (Odds Ratio (OR) 2.00, p = 0.047). Moreover, non-Hispanic, non-Latino patients are more likely to visit the clinic for HS than Hispanic, Latino patients (OR 5.49, p = 0.002). Additionally, with increasing patient age, there is less likelihood of a clinic visit for HS (OR 0.99; p = 0.03). Although obese patients were 3.5 times more likely to have an HS office visit than normal weight individuals, this difference was not significant (p = 0.07). Since weight was not collected in this survey until 2005 and data collection continues, further years of data may refine these estimates. These results suggest there may be either increased risk of HS among specific groups, disparities in health access for care of HS, or both.
Fundamental limits of locally-computed incentives in network routing

We ask if it is possible to positively influence social behavior with no risk of unintentionally incentivizing pathological behavior. In network routing problems, if network traffic is composed of many individual agents (such as drivers in a city's road network), it is known that self-interested behavior among the agents can lead to suboptimal network congestion. To mitigate this, a system planner may charge monetary tolls for the use of network links in an effort to incentivize efficient routing choices by the users. We study situations in which these tolls are computed locally on each edge, as in the classical case of marginal-cost taxation, but that the users' sensitivity to tolls is not known. We seek locally-computed tolls that are guaranteed not to incentivize worse network routing than in the un-influenced case. Our results are twofold: first, we give a full characterization of all non-perverse locally-computed tolls for parallel networks with arbitrary convex delay functions, and show that they are all a generalized version of traditional marginal-cost tolls. Second, we exhibit a type of pathological network in which all locally-computed tolling functions can cause perverse incentives for heterogeneous price-sensitive user populations. That is, in general networks, the only locally-computed tolling functions that do not incentivize pathological behavior on some network are effectively zero tolls. Finally, we show that our results have interesting implications for the theory of altruistic behavior.