cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Optimal scaffold design and effective progenitor cell identification for the regeneration of vascularized bone

Bone tissue engineering offers perhaps the most attractive treatment option for bone repair/regeneration as it eliminates complications of other bone grafting options (i.e., availability and immunogenicity issues of autografts and allografts, respectively). However, scaffold-based bone tissue engineering is largely limited by inadequate vascaularization, and as a result, bone formation is often restricted to the construct's periphery. In this study, we offer a two-pronged approach to overcome periphery-limited bone and vascular formation. We have developed optimally designed, mechanically strong, biodegradable scaffolds with increased porosity and interconnectivity. We have also identified and isolated superior, clinically-relevant cell populations (peripheral blood-derived endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)). In combination, we have developed a synthetic graft system suitable for the regeneration of vascularized bone.
Human Skin in the Game

Clinical and experimental observations in atopic dermatitis and psoriasis reveal new mechanisms of antiviral immunity and inflammation (Wolk et al., this issue; Kim et al., previous issue).
Maxwell's equations in the multipolar representation

Arguments are given in support of a remark made by Mandel, that Maxwell's equations are not consistent with the multipolar form of the Hamiltonian for the electromagnetic field interacting with nonrelativistic electrons.
The long-term effects of multiple doses of methamphetamine on neostriatal trypthophan hydroxylase, tyrosine hydroxylase, choline acetyltransferase and glutamate decarboxylase activities

Abstract The long-term effects of methamphetamine (15 mg/kg, s.c.) on neostriatal enzyme activity were measured in rats treated every 6 hours for 24 hours and subsequently monitored for periods up to 30 days following administration of the drug. Tyrosine hydroxylase was maximally decreased after the first day of drug treatment but the depression persisted throughout a 30-day period. Within 15 hours after methamphetamine treatment was initiated, trytophan hydroxylase was dramatically depressed to 17% of control and was still maximally depressed 7.5 days after the last dose of the drug. In contrast, neostriatal choline acetyltransferase and glutamate decarboxylase activities were not altered acutely nor chronically by methamphetamine administration. It would appear that the toxic effects of methamphetamine reported previously cannot be attributed to a generalized destruction of the neostriatum but are demonstrable only in selected biogenic amine nerve terminals.
Compiling text analytics queries to FPGAs

Extracting information from unstructured text data is a compute-intensive task. The performance of general-purpose processors cannot keep up with the rapid growth of textual data. Therefore we discuss the use of FPGAs to perform large scale text analytics. We present a framework consisting of a compiler and an operator library capable of generating a Verilog processing pipeline from a text analytics query specified in the annotation query language AQL. The operator library comprises a set of configurable modules capable of performing relational and extraction tasks which can be assembled by the compiler to represent a full annotation operator graph. Leveraging the nature of text processing we show that most tasks can be performed in an efficient streaming fashion. We evaluate the performance, power consumption and hardware utilization of our approach for a set of different queries compiled to a Stratix IV FPGA. Measurements show an up to 79 times improvement of document-throughput over a 64 threaded software implementation on a POWER7 server. Moreover the accelerated system's energy efficiency is up to 85 times better.
Cadmium-induced elevation of hepatic isometallothionein concentrations in inbred strains of mice

Susceptibility to Cd toxicity differs among inbred strains of mice. For example, C3H/He mice are sensitive to Cd-induced hepatotoxicity while DBA/2 mice are resistant. Metallothionein (MT), which in rodents exists predominantly as two isoproteins (MT-I and MT-II), is an important endogenous protein in the detoxication of Cd. The present investigation examines the possibility that strain-dependent susceptibility to Cd-induced liver injury is mediated by an inherited inability to accumulate a specific isoform of MT in response to Cd exposure. Hepatic concentrations of MT-I and MT-II were measured in C3H/He (Cd-sensitive) and DBA/2 (Cd-resistant) mice at various times after the administration of non-toxic (2.5 mumol Cd/kg) to hepatototoxic (80 mumol Cd/kg) dosages of Cd. The concentration of MT-I and MT-II in these strains was similar 24 h after injection of non-hepatotoxic dosages of Cd (10 mumol Cd/kg or less) as well as 6-12 h after a mildly hepatotoxic dose of Cd (20 mumol Cd/kg). The concentration of total MT in liver of Cd-sensitive mice was greater than that present in resistant mice 24-72 h after 20 mumol Cd/kg injection. The data indicates that susceptibility to Cd-induced hepatotoxicity observed in C3H/He mice is not due to a deficit in the induction of a particular isoform of MT.
Student Political Campaigners: Who Campaigns and What Effect Does It Have on Them?

What characterizes students who become involved in political campaigns and what effects does their campaigning have on them? During a 2-week election recess, about one-third of the students at Princeton University chose to campaign. Those students who did so were liberal rather than radical in their political orientation. Those who participated seemed predisposed to campaign because they thought campaigning was an effective way of bringing about the changes that they sought. Campaigners were more likely than their fellow students to have engaged in political activity before. Such efforts may be evidence of their beliefs that political activity causes change, or might have been the forming experience for those beliefs. If the candidate for whom the student campaigned won the election, the student by and large strengthened or maintained his original attitudes about the efficacy of campaigning. If his candidate lost, the student became more pessimistic about the efficacy of campaigners whose candidates won also changed in an internal direction on a personal-control subscale of Rotter's (1966) internal-external scale; those whose candidates lost tended to change in an external direction.
Adsorption Kinetics and Dynamics of CO, NO, and CO2 on Reduced CaO(100)

The adsorption kinetics and dynamics of typical combustion gases have been studied on CaO(100) by means of temperature programmed desorption and molecular beam scattering. In addition, the sample has been characterized by Auger electron spectroscopy. Whereas CO interacts rather weakly with CaO and adsorbs molecularly on pristine and oxygen vacancy sites, CO2 and NO interact strongly with CaO, leading to a variety of structures in TPD. CO2 adsorption leads to the formation of carbonates. NO adsorption results in the desorption of N2 and N2O species presumably by the formation of NO dimers stabilized at defect sites, which is consistent with prior reports. In assisting the assignment of the TPD structures that have been seen, density functional cluster calculations have been performed and are compared with results from prior studies. Trends seen for the initial adsorption probabilities, S0, are consistent with a simple mass-match model, S0−CO > S0−CO2. The coverage dependence of the adsorption dynamics is d...
Anamorphic Eyepiece for Increased Field of View

An innovative design for an anamorphic eyepiece is described, which uses a microlens array with complicated surface features used in conjunction with a modified microdisplay to provide a high resolution image with a panoramic field of view.
Comparison op some two sample tests for equality of variances

The F-test, F max-test and Bartlett's test are compared on the basis of power for the purpose of testing the equality of variances in two normal populations. The power of each test is expressed as a linear combination of F-probabilities. Bartlett's test is noted to be unbiased, UMPU, consistent against all alterna¬tives and the test which yields minimum length confidence intervals on the ratio of the variancesλ=σ1 2 /σ2 2 The two samples Bartlett critical values, although not recognized as such, are found in the works of other authors. Tables of the powers of each test are given for various values of λ, levels of significance a and the respective sample sizes, n1 and n2.
The effect of online social value on satisfaction and continued use of social media

Social media offers customers a unique service value proposition. Recognizing service value as a pivotal concept, this study develops an aggregate construct of online social value, whereby customer...
Effect of Repeated Injection of Estrogen on Milk Yield of Nulliparous Heifers

Summary Twelve dairy heifers of several breeds and varying in age from seven months to three years were stimulated to secrete milk by the daily injection of estradiol benzoate (E.B.) for 2 wk at a level of 0.3 mg/100 lb body weight. Hand and machine milking was initiated twice daily and continued for 6 wk. Maximum daily milk yield based on a weekly average was used as an index of the extent of mammary glandular tissue. Although little milk was secreted by the calves, the heifers of increasing age secreted considerable milk. These data further confirm the suggestion that lobular-alveolar growth is stimulated by the secretion of ovarian hormones during recurring estrous cycles. The ten older heifers were again administered E.B. at the same level for 1 wk starting the 7th wk. At the beginning of the second course of injections, the mean maximum milk yield was 12.7 lb/day, whereas, following restimulation, their mean maximum production increased to 24.5 lb/day, an increase of 92.9%. Four heifers given a third course of injections of E.B. after 15 wk of experimental lactation were stimulated to secrete 22.4% more milk.
Ectromelia virus replication in major target organs of innately resistant and susceptible mice after intravenous infection

The kinetics of ectromelia virus replication in the spleen and liver and of α/β interferon production in the spleen were determined during the first 3 days after intravenous infection with the virulent Moscow strain in resistant C57 BL/6 and susceptible DBA/2 mice. Virus replication in the spleen as measured by assays for virus DNA and infectious centers was suppressed in C57 BL/6 mice relative to DBA/2 mice within the first 1 or 2 days of infection. Infectious centers increased in DBA/2 mice but not in C57 BL/6 mice. Differences in virus replication between strains were less discrete when spleens were assayed for infectious virus than when they were assayed for infectious centers because infectious centers of most C57 BL/6 mice had more infectious virus than infectious centers of DBA/2 mice. Virus replication in the liver, the major target organ, as measured by virus DNA and infectious virus assays, was suppressed in C57 BL/6 mice relative to DBA/2 mice 3 days after infection but not before that interval. The results indicate that genetic control of ectromelia virus replication begins within the first 1 or 2 days of infection in the spleen but is delayed in the liver and that genetic control is directed at the prevention of virus spread more than at virus replication.
Effect of Dopamine Withdrawal on Activation of Adenylate Cyclase and Phospholipase C in Enriched Lactotrophs

In order to define the roles of cAMP and inositol phosphates (IPx) in the mechanisms governing dopamine (DA)- regulated PRL release, we have carried out studies with enriched lactotrophs from dispersed anterior pituitaries of estrogentreated rats. Changes in the intracellular levels of cAMP as well as IPx were determined in response to the acute addition or removal of DA. The withdrawal of DA from the incubation medium in cells cultured with DA (500 nM) for 24 h resulted in a rapid and significant increase in cAMP concentration from 1.29 ± 0.098 to 3.89 ± 0.199 pmol/dish. On the other hand, the administration of DA for 10 min to cells cultured without it resulted in a significant decrease in intracellular cAMP (from 3.04 ± 0.208 to 1.62 ± 0.057 pmol/dish). Similarly, PRL released into the medium was stimulated (95.1 ± 9%) or inhibited (46.9 ± 6%) after DA withdrawal or addition, respectively. Cells incubated 24 h with [3H]inositol and DA (500 nM) responded to DA withdrawal with a significant increase in t...
Parent Ratings of Behavioral Functioning After Traumatic Brain Injury in Very Young Children

Objective The behavioral ratings of preschoolers who sustained traumatic brain injury (TBI) prior to the age of 2 years and a typically developing group were compared; predictors of behavioral functioning were examined. Methods Eighty-two 3-year-olds comprised mild TBI (n ¼ 31), moderate/severe TBI (n ¼ 20), and typically developing (n ¼ 31) groups, with Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) as the primary outcome measure. Results Groups differed on the CBCL Withdrawal Scale. No differences emerged in the proportion of children demonstrating clinical elevations, with average mean scores for each group. Exploratory analyses yielded no differences between inflicted, non-inflicted, and typical groups. Glasgow Coma Scale and Self-Report Family Inventory Leadership predicted Externalizing Problems; developmental level predicted Internalizing Problems. Conclusions After early TBI, preschoolers did not differ from one another or a matched comparison group in behavioral ratings; however, it may be premature to infer that preschoolers do not evidence behavioral dysfunction after early TBI.
Deconvolving tumor purity and ploidy by integrating copy number alterations and loss of heterozygosity

Motivation: Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has revolutionized the study of cancer genomes. However, the reads obtained from NGS of tumor samples often consist of a mixture of normal and tumor cells, which themselves can be of multiple clonal types. A prominent problem in the analysis of cancer genome sequencing data is deconvolving the mixture to identify the reads associated with tumor cells or a particular subclone of tumor cells. Solving the problem is, however, challenging because of the so-called ‘identifiability problem’, where different combinations of tumor purity and ploidy often explain the sequencing data equally well. Results: We propose a new model to resolve the identifiability problem by integrating two types of sequencing information—somatic copy number alterations and loss of heterozygosity—within a unified probabilistic framework. We derive algorithms to solve our model, and implement them in a software package called PyLOH. We benchmark the performance of PyLOH using both simulated data and 12 breast cancer sequencing datasets and show that PyLOH outperforms existing methods in disambiguating the identifiability problem and estimating tumor purity. Availability and implementation: The PyLOH package is written in Python and is publicly available at https://github.com/uci-cbcl/PyLOH. Contact: ude.icu.sci@xhx Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Accelerating cavity development for the Cornell B-factory, CESR-B

To achieve luminosities of 30-100 times CESR, 1-2 A of current must be stored. A CESR B-factory parameter list calls for 50 MV for two rings, to be supplied by 16 cells operating at 10 MV/m gradient. With a new cell shape, the impedances of the dangerous higher order modes (HOM) are drastically reduced. All HOMs propagate out of the cavity via the beam pipe, which is specially shaped. This allows HOM power couplers to be placed completely outside the cryostat. A ferrite absorber on the beam pipe lowers all Qs to approximately 100, which is sufficient to avoid multibunch instabilities without feedback systems. A waveguide input coupler on the beam-pipe provides Qext as low as 5*10/sup 4/, with a C- slot shaped iris that has a negligible effect on the cavity loss parameter. >
TRANSPORT VESICLE DOCKING: SNAREs and Associates

Proteins that function in transport vesicle docking are being identified at a rapid rate. So-called v- and t-SNAREs form the core of a vesicle docking complex. Additional accessory proteins are required to protect SNAREs from promiscuous binding and to deprotect SNAREs under conditions in which transport vesicle docking should occur. Because access to SNAREs must be regulated, other proteins must also contain specificity determinants to accomplish delivery of transport vesicles to their distinct and specific membrane targets.
Cisplatin-based combination chemotherapy in carcinoma of the fallopian tube.

Abstract Forty-three cases of primary tubal adenocarcinoma were treated at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center between 1979 and 1989. Thirty-eight patients who received cisplatin-based combination chemotherapy following primary surgery were reviewed. The mean patient age was 59 years, with 86% postmenopausal. Distribution by stage was as follows: I, 3 (7%); II, 4 (11%); III, 27 (71%); and IV, 4 (11%). Median follow-up from the time of diagnosis was 62 months (range, 5–132). Overall survival for all 38 patients by Kaplan-Meier analysis was 51% at 5 years. Excluding stage I, patients with no residual disease following surgery had a significantly higher 5-year survival (83%) than those left with gross residual disease (28%). Twenty-six patients underwent a second-look procedure. Of the 21 patients with advanced (stages III, IV) disease undergoing reexploration, 11 (52%) had a negative second-look and 10 (48%) were positive. Ten of the eleven patients with a negative second-look remain clinically free of disease with a median follow-up of 49 months. One patient with stage III disease had recurred after 47 months. Carcinoma of the fallopian tube appears to respond favorably to cisplatin-based multiagent chemotherapy. Patients with advanced-stage disease who achieve a negative second-look appear to have an improved possibility of remaining disease-free over similar-stage patients with ovarian Cancer.
Neuropsychiatric assessment of liver transplantation candidates: delirium and other psychiatric disorders.

Forty consecutive liver transplantation candidates underwent a standard psychiatric evaluation as part of a multidisciplinary preoperative examination. Psychiatric diagnoses were determined using DSM-III criteria and correlations between the psychiatric diagnoses and the results of bedside cognitive examinations, biochemical measures of hepatic function, and EEG's were made. Half of the patients could not be given a specific psychiatric diagnosis despite the fact of their being in terminal stages of a severe medical illness and being stressed by the uncertainty of whether they would be accepted for possible liver transplantation. Of the twenty patients given a psychiatric diagnosis, 60 percent were found to be delirious and 35 percent had an adjustment disorder. Delirium was associated with a serum albumin less than 3.0 g/dl, grades 1 through 3 EEG dysrhythmias, a Mini Mental State score less than 24 or impairment on Trailmaking Tests. In addition, discriminant analyses were performed to determine which b...
Comparative genomics reveals 104 candidate structured RNAs from bacteria, archaea, and their metagenomes

Structured noncoding RNAs perform many functions that are essential for protein synthesis, RNA processing, and gene regulation. Structured RNAs can be detected by comparative genomics, in which homologous sequences are identified and inspected for mutations that conserve RNA secondary structure. By applying a comparative genomics-based approach to genome and metagenome sequences from bacteria and archaea, we identified 104 candidate structured RNAs and inferred putative functions for many of these. Twelve candidate metabolite-binding RNAs were identified, three of which were validated, including one reported herein that binds the coenzyme S-adenosylmethionine. Newly identified cis-regulatory RNAs are implicated in photosynthesis or nitrogen regulation in cyanobacteria, purine and one-carbon metabolism, stomach infection by Helicobacter, and many other physiological processes. A candidate riboswitch termed crcB is represented in both bacteria and archaea. Another RNA motif may control gene expression from 3'-untranslated regions of mRNAs, which is unusual for bacteria. Many noncoding RNAs that likely act in trans are also revealed, and several of the noncoding RNA candidates are found mostly or exclusively in metagenome DNA sequences. This work greatly expands the variety of highly structured noncoding RNAs known to exist in bacteria and archaea and provides a starting point for biochemical and genetic studies needed to validate their biologic functions. Given the sustained rate of RNA discovery over several similar projects, we expect that far more structured RNAs remain to be discovered from bacterial and archaeal organisms.
Neutron-Induced Particle Track Mapping of Elemental Distributions

Thermal neutrons are captured by several elements which emit charged particles as reaction products. These particles leave etchable damage tracks in detector materials placed against a sample, creating a map of the distribution and concentration of the target element. The most common applications are for trace U using fission fragment tracks and B using alpha tracks. Li, N and possibly S and O can also be determined. We have applied the technique to B in metals and coatings, Li in Al, N in glass and U in O-ring seals. Dectection limits are better than 10−11g/g for U, 10−9g/g for B, 10−6 g/g for Li and 0.1 wt % for N. Spatial resolution for mapping is about 25 µm.
Pyrite surface interaction with selected organic aqueous species under anoxic conditions

The interaction between low-molecular weight organic compounds and pyrite under anoxic conditions has been studied using a combination of electrophoresis and batch sorption experiments. The results suggest that acetate, carbamide, ethylamine, formamide, purine, D-ribose, and adenine, as well as the amino acids alanine, cysteine and glycine, interact within the electrophoretic shearplane of the pyrite surface. The observed surface interaction between the negatively charged surface of pyrite and the organic aqueous species takes place regardless of the formal charge of the aqueous species of interest. This indicates that the interaction of organic molecules with pyrite surfaces under anoxic conditions is dictated by interactions with specific surface sites (thiol or iron surface sites) rather than electrostatic forces. Dissolved metals typically enhance the interaction of the organics species. This enhancement is either due to an alteration in the distribution of thiol and iron groups on the pyrite surface or by the formation of ternary surface complexes.
Stability of the tumor suppressor merlin depends on its ability to bind paxillin LD3 and associate with β1 integrin and actin at the plasma membrane

The NF2 gene encodes a tumor suppressor protein known as merlin or schwannomin whose loss of function causes Neurofibromatosis Type 2 (NF2). NF2 is characterized by the development of benign tumors, predominantly schwannomas, in the peripheral nervous system. Merlin links plasma membrane receptors with the actin cytoskeleton and its targeting to the plasma membrane depends on direct binding to the paxillin scaffold protein. Exon 2 of NF2, an exon mutated in NF2 patients and deleted in a mouse model of NF2, encodes the merlin paxillin binding domain (PBD1). Here, we sought to determine the role of PBD1 in regulation of merlin stability and association with plasma membrane receptors and the actin cytoskeleton in Schwann cells. Using a fluorescence-based pulse-chase technique, we measured the half-life of Halo-tagged merlin variants carrying PBD1, exon 2, and exons 2 and 3 deletions in transiently transfected Schwann cells. We found that PBD1 alone was necessary and sufficient to increase merlin's half-life from approximately three to eleven hours. Merlin lacking PBD1 did not form a complex with surface β1 integrins or associate with the actin cytoskeleton. In addition, direct binding studies using purified merlin and paxillin domains revealed that merlin directly binds paxillin LD3 (leucine-aspartate 3) domain as well as the LD4 and LD5 domains. Together these results demonstrate that a direct interaction between merlin PBD1 and the paxillin LD3-5 domains targets merlin to the plasma membrane where it is stabilized by its association with surface β1 integrins and cortical actin.
Moral Economy or Political Economy? Property and Credit Markets in 19th Century Rural Portugal

Peasants are often represented as a distinctive rural type with a reverent attitude toward the land, a disdain for commerce, and a set of institutions that sustain homogeneity and community. An alternative to this “moral economy” approach is a differentiation or political economy perspective that emphasizes articulation and integration within a broader regional, national and institutional framework, as well as individual and household strategies. Focusing on the rural population of nineteenth and twentieth century northwestern Portugal, this article addresses these two approaches through an analysis of peasant engagement with the property and finance capital markets. It explores the motives that pull peasants into these markets, how these transactions not only link rural and urban populations into a single regional economic system, but also connect individuals to the international market of labor through emigration, and finally how these transactions are embedded in village institutions including family, neighborship, and religious brotherhoods.
Characterization of an erbium-doped fiber amplifier as a light source and development of a near-infrared spectrophotometer based on the EDFA and an acoustooptic tunable filter.

A novel light source for the near-infrared region which has the highest intensity and widest spectral bandwidth of all near-IR light sources has been developed. The system is based on a single-mode fiber (about 18 m long) doped with Er3+ ion. The doped ion produces amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) in the near-IR region (from 1500 to 1600 nm) when it is excited by a diode laser at 980 nm. Because the diode laser is fusion-spliced directly to the doped fiber, the system is compact, all-solid-state, reliable, and stable and requires little maintenance. Its ASE output intensity was found to be comparable with those of diode lasers currently available for this near-IR region and is much higher than those of conventional halogen−tungsten lamps and the so-called (high-intensity) superluminescent light emitting diodes (SLEDs). Its spectral bandwidth is, however, much wider than those of the diode lasers and the SLEDs. Even higher intensity can be obtained from the doped fiber when a low-intensity (1 mW) light...
Serotonin potentiates sympathetic responses evoked by spinal NMDA

In urethane–chloralose anaesthetized, neuromuscularly blocked, ventilated rats, we examined the effects on sympathetic outflow to brown adipose tissue (BAT) of separate and simultaneous spinal microinjections of NMDA and serotonin. Microinjection of NMDA (12 pmol) into the right T4 spinal intermediolateral nucleus (IML) immediately increased ipsilateral brown adipose tissue (BAT) sympathetic nerve activity (SNA; peak: +546% of control), BAT thermogenesis (+0.8°C) and heart rate (+53 beats min−1), whereas microinjection of a lower dose of NMDA (1.2 pmol) did not change any of the recorded variables. Microinjection of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT, 2 nmol) into the T4 IML increased BAT SNA (peak: +342% of control) at a long latency (mean onset: 23min). The long latency 5-HT-evoked increase in BAT SNA was prevented by microinjection of methysergide (600 pmol) into the T4 IML. The increases in BAT SNA evoked by T4 IML microinjections of NMDA (12 pmol) were significantly potentiated (two to three times larger than the response to NMDA alone) following T4 IML microinjections of 5-HT (100 pmol to 2 nmol, but not 20 pmol). Also, microinjection of 5-HT (200 pmol) converted the subthreshold dose of NMDA (1.2 pmol) into an effective dose for increasing BAT SNA and heart rate. The 5-HT-mediated potentiation of the increase in BAT SNA evoked by microinjection of NMDA into the T4 IML was reversed by microinjection of methysergide (600 pmol) into the T4 IML. These results demonstrate that BAT SNA and thermogenesis can be driven by activation of spinal excitatory amino acid or 5-HT receptors and that concomitant activation of spinal NMDA and 5-HT receptors can act synergistically to markedly increase BAT SNA and thermogenesis.
Using the expert's diagrams as a specification of expertise

The authors present two techniques for graphically encoding information in a restricted type of diagram called a relational diagram, to show how diagramming conventions can be formalized in a visual language. They describe BOS, a diagramming tool that allows the user to build a customized set of diagramming conventions suited to their problem domain. Diagrams drawn with BOS generate formal specifications that reduce the need to establish the diagrams' meanings by accompanying text or verbal explanation. BOS is currently able to generate frames and rules from an interesting set of relational diagrams that allow the use of spatial arrangement and connectivity to represent information about problem-domain entities, part-of relations, constraints, temporal ordering, and procedural steps. >
Efficacy of localization studies and intraoperative parathormone monitoring in the surgical management of hyperfunctioning ectopic parathyroid glands

Background Hyperfunctioning ectopic glands remain an operative challenge in patients with sporadic primary hyperparathyroidism. This study examines the incidence of ectopic glands and the utility of sestamibi scans (MIBI), surgeon-performed ultrasonography, and intraoperative parathormone monitoring in such patients undergoing parathyroidectomy. Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data from patients who underwent parathyroidectomy from 1980 to 2011 for sporadic primary hyperparathyroidism at a single institution. Demographics, localizing imaging studies, intraoperative parathyroid monitoring dynamics, and surgical outcome for patients with hyperfunctioning ectopic parathyroid glands were studied. Results Among 1,195 patients who underwent parathyroidectomy for sporadic primary hyperparathyroidism, 120 patients (10%) had hyperfunctioning ectopic glands, which were localized to the neck ( n = 66) and mediastinum ( n = 54). MIBI had a sensitivity of 85%, specificity of 97%, and positive predictive value (PPV) of 91% for ectopic glands in the neck, whereas in the mediastinum there was a sensitivity of 88%, specificity of 95%, and PPV of 86%. Surgeon-performed ultrasonography had a sensitivity of 81%, specificity of 98%, and PPV of 95% for neck ectopic glands. The overall accuracy of surgeon-performed ultrasonography, MIBI, and intraoperative parathyroid monitoring in the neck or mediastinum was 93%. Overall, operative success was 93% with a multiglandular disease rate of 5%. Conclusion A high operative success rate for hyperfunctioning ectopic glands can be achieved using localization studies and intraoperative parathyroid monitoring. Nevertheless, surgeon judgment remains paramount in the operative direction of this patient population.
VISUALLY INDUCED SELF-MOTION SENSATION ADAPTS RAPIDLY TO LEFT-RIGHT REVERSAL OF VISION*

Three experiments were conducted using 15 adult volunteers with no overt oculomotor or vestibular disorders. In all experiments, left-right vision reversal was achieved using prism goggles, which permitted a binocular field of vision subtending approximately 45 deg horizontally and 28 deg vertically. In all experiments, circularvection (CV) was tested before and immediately after a period of exposure to reversed vision. After one to three hours of active movement while wearing vision-reversing goggles, 10 of 15 (stationary) human subjects viewing a moving stripe display experienced a self-rotation illusion in the same direction as seen stripe motion, rather than in the opposite (normal) direction, demonstrating that the central neural pathways that process visual self-rotation cues can undergo rapid adaptive modification.
Discovery of a Highly Selective CYP3A4 Inhibitor Suitable for Reaction Phenotyping Studies and Differentiation of CYP3A4 and CYP3A5

Current molecular tools lack the ability to differentiate the activity of CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 in biological samples such as human liver microsomes. Kinetic experiments and the CYP3A4 crystal structure indicate that the active sites of both enzymes are large and flexible, and have more than one binding subsite within the active site. 1-(4-Imidazopyridinyl-7phenyl)-3-(4′-cyanobiphenyl) urea (SR-9186) was optimized through several rounds of structural refinement from an initial screening hit to obtain greater than 1000-fold selectivity for the inhibition of CYP3A4 versus CYP3A5. Characterization data demonstrate selectivity using midazolam and testosterone hydroxylation assays with recombinant cytochrome P450, pooled human liver microsomes, and individually genotyped microsomes. Clear differences are seen between individuals with CYP3A5*1 and *3 genotypes. The antifungal drug ketoconazole is the most commonly used CYP3A inhibitor for in vitro and in vivo studies. A direct comparison of SR-9186 and ketoconazole under typical assay conditions used in reaction phenotyping studies demonstrated that SR-9186 had selectivity over CYP1A2, CYP2A6, CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP2E1, and CYP3A5 greater than or equal to that of ketoconazole. In addition, the long half-life (106 min) of SR-9186 in incubations containing 1 mg/ml human liver microsomes provided sustained CYP3A4 inhibition.
Fertilizer nitrogen replacement value of food residuals composted with yard trimmings, paper or wood wastes

Composting offers an opportunity to recycle food waste as a soil amendment. A three year growth trial was conducted to determine the fertilizer nitrogen (N) replacement value of food waste composts for cool season perennial grass production. Six composts were produced in a pilot-scale project with two composting methods (aerated static pile and aerated, turned windrow). The aerated, turned windrow method simulated “agitated bay” composting systems, which utilize routine mechanical agitation. Compost bulking agents included yard trimmings, yard trimmings + mixed paper waste, and wood waste + sawdust. Finished composts had Kjeldahl N concentrations ranging from 10 to 18 g N/kg. For the growth trial, composts were incorporated into the top eight to 10 cm of a sandy loam soil at application rates of approximately 155 Mg/ha (about 7 yd3/1000 ft2). Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb. ‘A.U. Triumph’) was seeded after compost incorporation, and was harvested repeatedly at a late vegetative growth stage (Apri...
Nutritional Support, Including Intravenous Alimentation, for the Infant with Wolman’s Disease

Wolman’s disease was identified 15 years ago as a hereditary syndrome involving an inborn error of lipid metabolism. The visible expression of this handicap is an accumulation of ester cholesterol and triglyceride in foam cells in the viscera, and a resultant severe compromise in general body nutrition and development, for the homozygously affected infant. An early terminology for the condition, “Primary familial xanthomatosis with involvement and calcification of the adrenals” (Wolman et al, 1961), pointed out the remarkable adrenal changes; the significance of the functional effects from this pathology has remained uncertain. Although Wolman’s disease appears to be uncommon, a world-wide distribution is now documented, without an apparent increase in gene frequency in any particular population group. Families have been reported from Israel (both Jewish and Arab), Japan, New Zealand, England, Belgium, Canada (Toronto, Montreal), and the United States (Boston, Philadelphia, Cleveland, Los Angeles, Albany, and Charleston, W. Va.)
Are Discretionary Accounting and Finance Choices Made to Address ManagementControl Concerns by Influencing Organizational Actions

This study examines whether senior managers' discretionary accounting and finance choices are selected to influence the business decisions of subordinate managers and employees. We predict these choices are used to address internal management concerns by strategically shaping the information faced by subordinates in subsequent decision tasks. This strategic shaping of the decision environment can be used to influence, or nudge, subordinate decisions in an organizationally-desired direction (Thaler and Sunstein 2003; 2008). Our focus on internal business goals contrasts with prior research on the determinants of accounting choice that focus on external reporting goals. We predict and find in two experiments that experienced senior managers make discretionary accounting and finance choices in contemplation of the choices' influence on the decisions of subordinates and to promote internal, organizationally desirable decisions. Interestingly, this finding arises despite the fact that managers often must forego higher near-term earnings and cash flows to promote such decisions. We also investigate the efficacy of using these choices to influence subordinates' decisions, and find that these accounting and finance choices do influence lower-level managers' decisions toward actions desired by upper management.
Cutaneous Reactions to Drugs Used for Rheumatologic Disorders

Cutaneous reactions to medications probably represent the most common manifestation of drug reactions. The diversity of cutaneous eruptions produced by drugs provide a challenge in searching for the mechanisms producing the reaction. Many eruptions are due to a form of allergic hypersensitivity, while others may be idiosyncratic, due to a metabolic abnormality, or represent a cumulative phenomenon. This article discusses the diagnosis of drug-induced cutaneous reactions by reviewing specific drugs commonly used in rheumatologic therapy.
Ultrafast intersystem crossing and spin dynamics of zinc meso-tetraphenylporphyrin covalently bound to stable radicals.

tert-Butylphenylnitroxide (BPNO•) and α,γ-bisdiphenylene-β-phenylallyl (BDPA•) stable radicals are each attached to zinc meso-tetraphenylporphyrin (ZnTPP) at a fixed distance using one of the ZnTPP phenyl groups. BPNO• and BDPA• are oriented para (1 and 3, respectively) or meta (2 and 4, respectively) relative to the porphyrin macrocycle. Following photoexcitation of 1–4, transient optical absorption spectroscopy is used to observe excited state quenching of 1*ZnTPP by the radicals and time-resolved electron paramagnetic resonance (TREPR) spectroscopy is used to monitor the spin dynamics of the paramagnetic product states. The presence of BPNO• or BDPA• accelerates the intersystem crossing rate of 1*ZnTPP about 10- to 500-fold in 1–4 depending on the structure compared to that of 1*ZnTPP itself. In addition, the lifetime of 3*ZnTPP in 1 is shorter than that of 3*ZnTPP itself as a result of enhanced intersystem crossing (EISC) from 3*ZnTPP to the ground state. The TREPR spectra of the three unpaired spins ...
Localization of isoactins in isolated smooth muscle thin filaments by double gold immunolabeling

Smooth muscle cells contain both smooth muscle-specific and cytoplasmic actin isoforms. We tested the hypothesis that these two classes of isoactins are segregated into separate "contractile" vs. "cytoskeletal" populations of thin filaments. Isolated thin filaments from adult swine stomach were double-labeled with isoactin-specific peptide antibodies with the use of two different size protein A-gold markers to localize the isoactins on individual filaments. The large and small gold beads bound to individual filaments were counted on electron micrographs, and the results were analyzed statistically. Both classes of actin isoforms were present in every filament, and the relative proportions of smooth muscle vs. cytoplasmic actin isoforms in each filament showed no significant deviation from a single random population. Furthermore, the distribution of the isoactins along each filament was also random; no significant clustering of isoforms was observed. Controls containing added skeletal muscle F-actin showed that the techniques used could have detected nonrandom isoform distributions if they had been present.
C5a-induced myocardial ischemia: role for CD18-dependent PMN localization and PMN-platelet interactions

Intracoronary C5a in swine decreases coronary blood flow and regional myocardial segment shortening, responses mediated by thromboxane (Tx) A2-induced coronary vasoconstriction and intramyocardial trapping of granulocytes (PMNs). We sought to determine the origin of TxA2 and to investigate the role of CD18-dependent PMN function by utilizing an anti-CD18 monoclonal antibody, IB4. Isolated C5a-stimulated PMNs or platelets did not produce TxB2. However, together, C5a-stimulated PMNs and platelets produced TxB2. IB4 bound porcine PMN surface CD18 and blocked C5a-induced PMN functions. In vivo, IB4 loading (2 mg/kg) transiently decreased arterial blood pressure and circulating platelet counts in six of nine animals (390 +/- 31 vs. 176 +/- 41 X 10(6)/ml, control vs. IB4; P < 0.002) and significantly ameliorated C5a-induced decreases in coronary venous PMN count (-4.1 +/- 0.6 vs. -1.4 +/- 0.8 X 10(6) cells/ml), coronary artery blood flow (-10 +/- 1 vs. -4 +/- 1 ml/min), and segment shortening (-15 +/- 2 vs. -8 +/- 2%, C5a vs. C5a + IB4). We conclude that 1) production of TxB2 in response to C5a is mediated by a PMN-platelet interaction, 2) IB4 functionally blocks CD18 on porcine PMNs, and 3) C5a-induced myocardial PMN extraction is mediated, in part, by a CD18-dependent mechanism. These results suggest that PMN-platelet interactions and CD18-dependent PMN extraction are important in C5a-induced myocardial ischemia.
Blunting of the immediate-early gene and mitogenic response in hepatectomized type 1 diabetic animals.

Studies suggest that liver regeneration is delayed in insulin-deficient animals, but defining a role of insulin as a growth factor in hepatic regeneration has remained elusive. By examining gene ex...
Testing the relationship of gender and business major to professional development behaviors and expected employment

ABSTRACTThis study's results, with 664 surveyed graduating business students, demonstrated that creating four groups, using gender and quantitative or nonquantitative major, was useful for testing their relationships to professional development behaviors and expected employment. Results showed that male–nonquantitative majors (n = 144) reported the lowest number of internships, student professional meetings attended, and expected full-time job consistent with major, and the highest expected self-employment. Nonquantitative business majors may need additional outreach efforts to increase their professional development.
Engineering interactions between superconducting qubits and phononic nanostructures

Nanomechanical systems can support highly coherent microwave-frequency excitations at cryogenic temperatures. However, generating sufficient coupling between these devices and superconducting quantum circuits is challenging due to the vastly different length scales of acoustic and electromagnetic excitations. Here we demonstrate a general method for calculating piezoelectric interactions between quantum circuits and arbitrary phononic nanostructures. We illustrate our technique by studying the coupling between a transmon qubit and bulk acoustic-wave, Lamb-wave, and phononic crystal resonators, and show that very large coupling rates are possible in all three cases. Our results suggest a route to phononic circuits and systems that are nonlinear at the single-phonon level.
Resource Allocation and Planning in Single and Multi-Project Environments

IT projects often fail to be completed on time, on budget, within scope, with the required functionality and error free. The reasons for project failure are numerous and have been well studied and ...
Children’s Coping with Parental Illness

What happens to children when their mother or father is seriously ill? What is the impact of parental illness on their psychological and behavioral adjustment? Are children faced with certain types of stressors as a result of specific parental illnesses such as diabetes, arthritis, heart disease, or cancer? And how do children cope with the stress of having an ill parent? Are some coping responses associated with better psychological adjustment and others related to poorer adaptation? These questions form the basis for a growing interest in the consequences of parental physical illness for the psychological well-being of children (e.g., Compas et al., 1994; Lewis, Hammond, & Woods, 1993).
Estimating the Costs of Planned Changes Implied by Freezing Production Plans

The use of production planning algorithms on a rolling horizon basis is very common in practice. However, this leads to frequent changes in planned quantities for future periods which may adversely impact support activities such as material preparation, staffing, and setup planning. In this chapter we examine two widely used approaches for this problem, the use of change costs to penalize changes in planned quantities and freezing of the plan by prohibiting any changes in some number of periods in the near future. We use a linear programming model of a single-product single-stage system to develop insights into the conditions when the two approaches are equivalent. Specifically, we derive lower bounds on the values of the change costs which will ensure freezing of the plan in a given planning epoch, and present numerical results to illustrate our findings.
Novel microwave techniques for non-invasive intracranial pressure monitoring following traumatic brain injury

The elevation of intracranial pressure (ICP) resulting from traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a significant cause of death and disability. This paper presents a non-invasive microwave technique for ICP monitoring by focusing on radio wave transmission/reflection through the head, where annular slot antennas (ASA) with proven penetrating beam in tissue are used. A circular ASA for this application operating at 0.9 GHz is also simulated and characterized in terms of resonance frequency (f r ) and reflection coefficient (S 11 ). Moreover, an ASA is also characterized as a high efficiency embedded antenna for our previously developed 2.4 GHz ICP implant.
Tutorials: Architectures for the next generation Internet and the future networks

This tutorial on latest advances in future networking architectures is designed for researchers, engineers and managers involved in future networking product strategies. Networking research funding agencies in USA, Europe, Japan, and other countries are encouraging research on revolutionary architectures that may or may not be bound by the restrictions of the current TCP/IP based Internet. We present an overview of a number of such research projects and activities in this direction.
The drift of English toward invariable word order from a typological and Germanic perspective

In this chapter I return to a discussion of Sapir’s (1921) “drift” in the history of English, examining it from a comparative Germanic and typological perspective, and especially from the “processing typology” perspective of Hawkins (1994, 2004). Processing typology is a research program that integrates findings from online processing and corpus studies with crosslinguistic variation patterns as discovered by typologists. It aims to show that many of the grammatical variants and parameters that are found in these grammatically conventionalized patterns can be motivated and explained in terms of ease and efficiency in processing, that is, in terms of the OUP UNCORRECTED PROOF – FIRST-PROOF, 04/29/12, NEWGEN