cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents on split-dose repair in intestinal crypt cells.

Purpose Many cancer chemotherapeutic agents interact with radiation to enhance the amount of radiation damage observed in both tumor and normal tissues. It is important to predict this interaction and to determine the effect of drug on sublethal damage repair. To evaluate for effects in rapid renewing normal tissues, the intestinal crypt cell in vivo assay is an excellent one to employ. These studies investigate the effect of eleven cancer chemotherapeutic drugs on split-dose repair in the intestinal crypt cell of the mouse. Methods and materials LAF1 male mice, age 10-12 weeks, were exposed to whole-body irradiation with orthovoltage x-rays delivered as a single dose or as equally divided doses delivered with intervals between the two exposures of 2 to 24 h. In the experimental group, the cancer chemotherapeutic agent was administered intraperitoneally 2 h before the first radiation dose. At 3.6 days after the second irradiation, the mice were sacrificed; the jejunum was removed, fixed, and sectioned for light microscopy. The number of regenerating crypts were counted and corrected to represent the number of surviving cells per circumference. Results Of the eleven drugs tested, only carmustine eliminated split-dose repair. Cisplatin delayed repair, and methotrexate caused marked synchronization obliterating the observation of split-dose repair. Conclusions Most cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents do not inhibit sublethal damage repair in intestinal crypt cells when given 2 h before the first radiation exposure. Absence of the initial increase in survival seen with split-dose radiation is noted with carmustine and high-dose methotrexate.
Combining circuit level changes with electrical optimization

A program, called EPOXY, which sizes a circuit's transistors to satisfy performance and area constraints is discussed. If these cannot be met, the program considers small circuit changes in an effort to meet the constraints. Several CMOS examples demonstrate how EPOXY applies these heuristics to meet difficult timing constraints, power requirements, and cell width and height limitations. Compact layout and aspect-ratio requirements are handled by a virtual grid area model. From an implementation viewpoint, EPOXY's underlying equation representation of circuit performance automatically provides critical path information and allows rapid modification of the circuit structure. When EPOXY was applied to a CMOS 16-bit adder, a speed improvement of 23% was achieved over transistor sizing alone while satisfying a height constraint. Similarly, the speed of a dynamic CMOS PLA was improved by 10% and that of an array of CMOS JK flip-flops by 23%. >
Rearing the Codling Moth on an Artificial Diet

A large percentage (88.3%) of the larvae of Laspeyresia pomonella (L.) fed on a wheat germ-casein diet matured if they were confined in individual containers. Development (prepupal period 18.9 days) and reproduction (131.1 eggs per female) compared favorably with development (17.0 days) and reproduction (117.8 eggs per female) of moths reared on their natural food, immature apples; also, the weights of pupae and adults were comparable. Surface sterilization of the egg and egg-bearing surface (waxed paper) with a 10% solution of formaldehyde reduced the incidence of fungal contamination from 46.4 to 13.3%. Codling moth larvae were solitary and avoided each other, but 2 larvae could develop normally in a single cup unless their burrows intersected. Then if there was no place to which to retreat, as when the cup was small, 1 larva was either killed or its growth was suppressed until the dominant larva had pupated.
A comparison of optoelectronic properties of lattice-matched and strained quantum-well and quantum-wire structures

The k/spl middot/p formalism is used to study the absorption spectra, material and differential gain in quantum wires as a function of orientation, built-in strain, and wire dimensions. The results for material and differential gain are compared with those for an optimized quantum-well structure. We find that for quantum wires at 300 K, the gain becomes positive at a carrier density of 1.27/spl middot/10/sup 18/ cm/sup /spl minus/3/, while in quantum wells this density is calculated to be 1.82/spl middot/10/sup 18/ cm/sup /spl minus/3/. Incorporating tensile strain in the wires reduces the transparency carrier concentration to 0.96/spl middot/10/sup 18/ cm/sup /spl minus/3/ while compressive strain allows one to obtain positive gain for densities greater than 1.08/spl middot/10/sup 18/ cm/sup /spl minus/3/. Orienting the wire along the /spl lsqb/111/spl rsqb/ direction reduces the transparency carrier density to 0.60/spl middot/10/sup 18/ cm/sup /spl minus/3/. The differential gain in quantum-well structures for injections near the threshold is on the order of 10/sup /spl minus/14/ cm/sup /spl minus/4/, while for 50 /spl Aring//spl middot/100-/spl Aring/ quantum wires the differential gain near the threshold is found to be on the order of 10/sup /spl minus/13/ cm/sup /spl minus/4/. The differential gain in wires whose wire axis is parallel to the /spl lsqb/111/spl rsqb/ direction has also been found to be on the order of 10/sup /spl minus/13/ cm/sup /spl minus/4/ for carrier injections close to the threshold. >
Multiresolution analysis of PTCA isopotential maps

The discrete wavelet transform is applied as a joint time/space analysis tool for body surface potential maps. The results of the joint time/space analysis are compared with previous work done by using integral maps. The wavelet transform revealed the close relation between temporal and spatial aspects of cardiac signals. The results of the authors' work suggest that the multiresolution signal decomposition via wavelet transforms provides a new and useful approach to evaluate body surface potential maps. >
Culturally Competent Strategies for Recruitment and Retention of African American Populations into Clinical Trials

Purpose To identify successful recruitment strategies, challenges and best practices for researchers to engage African American communities in clinical studies taken into consideration target participants’ culture and context. Methods We reviewed 50 studies conducted from 2001 to 2012 at an inner-city research center to determine the type, duration, anticipated enrollments and actual enrollments. Survey was sent to study coordinators to obtain data on recruitment and retention strategies, challenges and dropout rates. We also interviewed 25 study coordinators on challenges and strategies. Results Of the 50 studies, 24 had completed recruitment at the time of this report. The completed studies achieved a median recruitment rate of 88% (range: 50–110). Successful recruitment and retention strategies included: field-based strategy and snowballing. Major barriers were: distrust, compensation, education disadvantage, lack of interest, and inability to have study partner. Strategies to reduce barriers included providing informational sessions, disseminating newsletters about study outcomes. Best practices include being culturally sensitive including demonstrating a caring attitude and being responsive to participants needs. Conclusions Cultural competence is critical in order to design and implement successful recruitment strategies in this population. Research teams should consist of multiethnic staff, involve the community, demonstrate trust and deliver concise education of the research endeavor.
Internal mammary artery bypass graft in reoperative myocardial revascularization

Thirty-two consecutive patients who earlier received indirect or direct myocardial revascularization underwent reoperation with one or more internal mammary artery grafts either alone or in combination with saphenous vein grafts. The main indication for reoperation was graft closure or progression of coronary atherosclerosis in nongrafted vessels, or both. Graft construction was performed under normothermic perfusion and anoxic arrest with interrupted suture technique. No intraoperative infarctions or hospital deaths occurred. All patients are alive after an average follow-up period of 20 months, and two thirds are asymptomatic. Arteriography after reoperation in nine patients revealed patency of eight of nine internal mammary artery and five of five secondary vein grafts. When angiographic and symptomatic indications for reoperation exist, the internal mammary artery bypass graft has become a valuable alternative, particularly for patients with small coronary vessels or previous vein graft failure.
Prevalence of Neisseria meningitidis Relatively Resistant to Penicillin in the United States, 1991

To estimate the prevalence of Neisseria meningitidis relatively resistant to penicillin in the United States, antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed on all US meningococcal isolates submitted to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in 1991, including isolates identified through population-based surveillance for invasive meningococcal disease in selected areas of the United States. Three of the 100 isolates tested had MICs of penicillin of 0.125 microgram/mL. All were serogroup B, beta-lactamase-negative, and unique by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis subtyping. None of the 3 patients had been treated solely with penicillin; all recovered completely. About 4% of the isolates obtained from the population-based surveillance system were relatively penicillin-resistant. Given the low prevalence and uncertain clinical significance of infection with these organisms, routine susceptibility testing of meningococcal isolates is not indicated at this time; however, continued surveillance is necessary to monitor trends in antimicrobial susceptibility of meningococci in the United States.
Muslim neighbors or an Islamic threat? A constructionist framing analysis of newspaper coverage of mosque controversies:

In recent years, growing communities of Muslim-Americans have faced tension in a series of debates over the construction of Islamic prayer spaces in American cities. Islamic community members have found themselves fighting for representation within the political process and for their philosophical right to exist within American society. This study presents a framing analysis of the debate in five US newspapers between 2010 and 2013 as a way of examining the position of Muslims within contemporary American society. The study examines five frames: Local Regulation, Legal Authority, Political Debate, Muslim Neighbors, and Islamic Threat. The first three were episodic frames, while the other two were thematic. Some of the discourse showed evidence of Islamophobia, or indiscriminate negative attitudes or emotions directed at Islam or Muslims. Other stories showed evidence of Islamophilia, which is the stereotypical presentation of ‘good Muslims’ who are model citizens in contrast to the ‘bad Muslims’ who serve...
Fair Housing and Community Empowerment: Where the Roof Meets Redemption

This article tells the story of the struggle of the historic African-American community of Cocoa, Florida, to survive in the face of a fifty-year history of discriminatory zoning and land use controls that had been adopted by the City and Redevelopment Agency. To challenge the City's threatened destruction of her neighborhood, Beatrice Houston stepped into the shoes of community organizer and led her neighbors in a series of three formal proceedings. The litigation, generically referred to as Houston v. City of Cocoa, was formally conducted in state and federal judicial and administrative arenas and was one of the first in the United States to marry civil rights and environmental claims. The joinder of litigation approaches with grassroots community activism drew into the community new power and resources, including housing rehabilitation and a measure of environmental justice.
High temperature rhenium material properties

This paper presents material property data for hot isostatic pressure (HIP) powder metallurgy (PM) rhenium (Re) and electroformed deposited (ED) Re. High performance radiation-cooled rockets will use Re as a substrate material, however, there is a deficit of mechanical property data for Re, particularly at elevated temperatures (> 1650 °C). Tensile data were obtained for temperatures ranging from ambient to over 2200 °C for the two Re manufactured types. The PM specimens were in the form of 5-cm long bars, while the ED specimens were 10.2 cm-long flat plates. HIP PM Re bars were also subjected to low cycle fatigue and creep rupture testing. All test samples were annealed at 1649 °C for 30 minutes before testing. Data were compared to previously published results for chemical vapor deposition, pressed and sintered PM, rolled sheet PM, and HIP PM Re manufactured forms.
Do Shrinking Cities Allow Redevelopment Without Displacement? An Analysis of Affordability Based on Housing and Transportation Costs for Redeveloping, Declining, and Stable Neighborhoods

AbstractPlans and policies to combat or mitigate gentrification typically pursue affordable housing production and preservation as the primary mechanism to avoid displacement. However, it is unclear whether affordable housing financing mechanisms function as designed in weak market cities. As such, we question whether the housing-only approach is a complete one and whether increased transportation investments in redeveloping neighborhoods in shrinking cities can be leveraged to improve the lives of the poor. Our results suggest that funding for subsidized housing does not produce units affordable to the poor in declining cities, limiting the efficacy of a housing-only approach. Furthermore, we find that transportation costs make up a larger proportion of household budgets among families living in declining neighborhoods. These results suggest that transportation improvements—particularly those aimed at bicycling and pedestrian accessibility—may be the most efficient approach to mitigating displacement and...
Delivering Bad News to Patients

When physicians lack proper training, breaking bad news can lead to negative consequences for patients, families, and physicians. A questionnaire was used to determine whether a didactic program on delivering bad news was needed at our institution. Results revealed that 91% of respondents perceived delivering bad news as a very important skill, but only 40% felt they had the training to effectively deliver such news. We provide a brief review of different approaches to delivering bad news and advocate for training physicians in a comprehensive, structured model.
Abstract A48: Gene expression signatures associated with MYC oncogene addiction in lymphoma

c-MYC is a bHLH transcription factor that heterodimerizes with MAX to form an active transcription factor complex that binds to promoter regions across the genome. MYC is a potent oncogene that promotes tumorigenesis in many cell types. Several studies have shown that tumor cells can be dependent on proto-oncogenes such as MYC, a state called “oncogene addiction.” Recent findings have revealed that c-myc amplifies active gene programs, and our group has previously identified a unique MYC transcriptional signature. In an effort to understand how MYC regulates discrete transcriptional programs across the genome we searched for potential cofactors that coordinate with MYC. Using computational approaches we examined several publically available human data sets as well as our own conditional MYC murine model for potential co-factor interactions. We have determined that several Jumonji family members coordinate with MYC expression. Currently, we are using CRISPR/Cas9 mediated disruption of target genes in murine cells to investigate whether these genes have a casual role in MYC oncogene addiction. Citation Format: Daniel Koch, Stacey Adams, Andrew Gentles, Benedict Anchang, Delaney Sullivan, Sylvia Plevritis, Dean Felsher. Gene expression signatures associated with MYC oncogene addiction in lymphoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Myc: From Biology to Therapy; Jan 7-10, 2015; La Jolla, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Res 2015;13(10 Suppl):Abstract nr A48.
Hydrodynamics of launching, suspension and retrieval of heavy loads in deep ocean through cable from floating platform in rough seas

One of the important tasks among various ocean engineering activities is to lower, suspend and raise a heavy equipment in the deep ocean from a ship or a moored platform through a cable or cables in rough seas. A new theory of this dynamic system is developed and a method of quantitative solution for irregular sea waves is presented.
Computational Modeling of Homogeneous Nucleation and Particle Growth During Chemical Vapor Deposition of Silicon Films from Silane Plasmas

We have been developing a model to study the nucleation and growth of particles in silane plasmas. Presently we are experimenting with parameters that could potentially be important. It has been found that an increase in the heavy species gas temperature leads to a delay in the nucleation of particles in low pressure silane plasmas. This effect could be useful in tailoring processes for the manufacture of new materials such as polymorphous silicon. We have made an effort to study this effect using a plasma chemistry model. The model includes gas temperature dependent electron attachment and vibrational relaxation of excited species with a view to study their importance in relation to the gas temperature. Preliminary simulation results predict that these two processes do not contribute substantially to slowing the nucleation process when the gas temperature is increased. Extra efforts must be made to study this potentially important effect.
Design of medium-frequency transformers with silicon steel for mobile power substations

Mobile power substations (MPSs) are normally installed on truck beds for ease of transportation when it necessary to provide an interface between two medium-voltage distribution systems under emergency conditions. A topology consisting of four modular multilevel converters (MMCs) and three medium-frequency single-phase transformers (MFT) is used to realize a mobile power substation based on power electronics (PE-MPS). Taking into account tradeoffs among transformer efficiency, volume and weight, Δ-Y and Y-Δ connection modes of the MFTs operating at 1 kHz are analyzed. The design methodology is presented for the MFT with emphasis on weight and volume, and demonstrated through a design example for a 2-MVA MFT. Simulation waveforms when using the selective harmonic elimination (SHE) algorithm complement the paper.
Outcome of reverse shoulder arthroplasty with pedicled pectoralis transfer in patients with deltoid paralysis.

Background Management of shoulder arthritis associated with deltoid paralysis can be very challenging. The purpose of this study was to report the outcome of reverse shoulder arthroplasty with pedicled pectoralis transfer to reconstruct the anterior deltoid in patients with symptomatic shoulder arthritis and a paralyzed deltoid. Methods This study included 31 patients with an average age of 51 years (range, 27-73 years). All patients had chronic deltoid paralysis with significant loss of function due to progressive arthritis associated with rotator cuff deficiency. All patients underwent reverse shoulder arthroplasty with pedicled pectoralis muscle transfer. Additional transfers were performed in patients with no preoperative external rotation: 5 underwent latissimus transfer, and 3 underwent direct lower trapezius transfer to the infraspinatus. Results At an average follow-up of 37 months, 29 patients had significant improvements in pain; the shoulder subjective value; the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand score; and shoulder range of motion, mainly flexion of 83° and external rotation of 15°. Two patients sustained postoperative acromial fractures and had persistent pain after surgery with minimal improvement in shoulder flexion and external rotation. One of them had a failed attempt at open reduction–internal fixation of the acromion. Conclusion Reverse shoulder arthroplasty with pedicled pectoralis transfer is a promising procedure that may lead to improved pain and function in patients with shoulder arthritis associated with deltoid paralysis.
Alienated Muslim Identity in the Post-9/11 America: A Transnational Study of The Reluctant Fundamentalist

Through the analysis of The Reluctant Fundamentalist by Mohsin Hamid, this paper investigates the subject formation of Changez, the protagonist of the novel, who identifies as a foreigner, an Other...
Adeno-Associated Virus Vector Mediated Gene Delivery to Neurons and Glial Cells in Damaged Spinal Cord

Abstract Recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors have emerged as a potentially useful gene delivery approach for neurons in a number of neurodegenerative conditions, including spinal cord injury (SCI). Since the role of glia plays an important role in the progression of “secondary damage,” we searched for the optimal vectors for gene transfer to both neurons and glial cells following contusion SCI in adult rats. Comparing transduction efficacy by various AAV serotypes, we demonstrate that AAV-rh10 transduced significantly higher number of macrophages/microglia and oligodendrocytes in damaged spinal cord. Efficacy to transduce neurons was comparable to other AAV serotypes. Thus AAV-rh10 carries promising potential as a gene therapy vector, particularly if both the neuronal and glial cell populations in damaged spinal cord are targeted. Recent studies revealed that AAV-rh10 is a promising vector for therapeutic transgene delivery to damaged spinal cord: AAV-rh10 vector mediated delivery of neurotrophin NT-3 facilitated recovery of synaptic transmission and function following SCI.
Virtual Ureteroscopy of Upper Tract Urothelial Tumors

Imaging plays a crucial role in the evaluation of urinary tract pathology. Technologic advancements in computing and imaging technology have revolutionized the role in which radiology plays in the workup of patients with hematuria. CT and MR have replaced conventional intravenous pyelography (IVP) in the imaging workup for abnormalities of the urinary collecting system. Both methods have their relative advantages and disadvantages, however both can elegantly and noninvasively diagnose disease with high sensitivity and specificity. Emerging techniques, such as ‘Virtual’ Ureteroscopy with both CT and MR are going to play an expanding part in the workup of neoplastic urinary tract pathology. Utilizing dedicated 3D software, virtual ureteroscopy makes it possible to manipulate the imaging dataset obtained from CT or MR to allow for intraluminal visualization of renal collecting system, ureters, and bladder. This can provide a noninvasive way to diagnose even small lesions of the urinary tract, or offer a road map for treatment or interventions.
Stress-Relaxation in Incompressible Elastic Materials at Constant Deformation

The mechanics of the finite deformation of incompressible isotropic ideal elastic materials has received a considerable amount of attention in recent years1. In the present paper, we shall discuss the mechanics of the finite deformation of in- compressible isotropic elastic materials which behave substantially as ideal elastic materials when subjected to deformations during a relatively short time interval (less than some time T, say,) but, if held in that state of deformation for times much greater than T, exhibit relaxation of the deforming forces. Such a material will be called a stress-relaxing elastic material It will be shown that many of the results of the theory of the finite deformation of incompressible isotropic ideal elastic materials apply, with slight modification, to stress-relaxing elastic materials.
Seeing Red, Feeling Blue: The Impact of State Political Leaning on State Identification Rates for Emotional Disturbance:

Investigations of why students with emotional disturbance (ED) are underidentified in special education have often focused on economic factors and problems with the definition of ED. The present st...
Imaging Evaluation of the Adult Presenting With New-Onset Seizure

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study is to discuss the evidence supporting the use of neuroimaging in adult patients presenting with new-onset seizure. CONCLUSION. Unenhanced CT should be the initi...
Tourism and sustainability: development, globalisation and new tourism in the third world 4th edition

The term ‘sustainability’ emerged from the development arena (for example, sustainable development) and since then, many industries have adopted the term as a way to prove their desire towards bala...
Prokinetic effects of the neurokinin NK2 receptor agonist [Lys5,MeLeu9,Nle10]-NKA(4-10) on bladder and colorectal activity in minipigs.

Abstract The effects of the neurokinin NK2 receptor agonist [Lys5,MeLeu9,Nle10]-NKA(4–10) (LMN-NKA) on bladder and colorectal function were examined in minipigs. In anesthetized animals, subcutaneous (SC) administration of 30–100 μg/kg increased peak bladder and colorectal pressures. Increases in bladder and colorectal pressure were inhibited by a 15 min pretreatment with the NK2 receptor antagonist GR 159897 (1 mg/kg intravenously (IV)). Bladder and colorectal pressures were also increased after IV (0.3 μg/kg), intranasal (IN; 100 μg/kg) and sublingual administration (SL; 5 mg/kg). There was a nonsignificant trend for hypotension (16 or 12% decrease in mean arterial pressure) after 100 μg/kg SC and 0.3 μg/kg IV, respectively, but not after 100 μg/kg IN or 5 mg/kg SL. In conscious minipigs, 30–300 μg/kg SC caused a dose-related increase in defecation that was accompanied by emesis in 38% of subjects receiving 300 μg/kg. Urination was increased after 100 μg/kg SC but not lower or higher doses. The peak plasma exposure (Cmax) after 100 μg/kg SC was 123 ng/mL, and area under the curve (AUC) was 1790 min * ng/mL. Defecation response rates (~82%) were maintained after SC administration of LMN-NKA (30 μg/kg) given 3 times daily over 5 consecutive days. Defecation rates were higher after a single dose of 100 μg/kg IN compared with vehicle, but this did not reach significance. After 7–10 mg/kg SL, 83% of animals urinated and defecated, and none had emesis. The data support the feasibility of developing a convenient and well-tolerated route of administration of LMN-NKA for human use. Minipigs may be a suitable species for toxicology studies with LMN-NKA due to the relatively low rate of emesis in this species.
Computer-Aided Fixture Design Verification. Part 1. The Framework and Modelling

Computer-aided fixture design (CAFD) techniques have been advanced rapidly so that fixture configurations can be generated automatically, for both modular fixtures and dedicated fixtures. Computer-aided fixture design verification (CAFDV) is the technique for verifying and improving existing fixture designs. In this paper, the framework of CAFDV is introduced based on two models, i.e., geometric and kinematic models. The fixturing tolerance and stability verification will be presented in separate papers.
Information Theory and Bayesian Reliability Analysis: Recent Advances

In this paper we present recent advances in use of information theoretic methods in reliability analysis. In so doing, we consider a Bayesian framework for reliability analysis. We present a range of information functions for reliability analysis and present their properties and discuss how these can be used in failure data analysis, prediction, design of life-tests, and assessment of reliability importance.
Reynolds-stress enhancement associated with a short fetch of roughness in wall turbulence

Particle-image velocimetry experiments are performed to study the response of smooth-wall turbulent channel flow to a short fetch of roughness (10 outer length scales long). The roughness studied herein is replicated from a surface scan of a damaged turbine blade and contains both large- and small-scale surface defects attributable to pitting, deposition, and spallation. Quadrant analysis is used to investigate the characteristics of Reynolds-stress-producing events within the internal layer that develops over the roughness. The mean Reynolds stress is dramatically increased in the presence of the roughness as compared to the smooth-wall baseline owing to an increased number of extremely intense ejections and sweeps. In contrast, inward and outward interactions, as well as relatively weak ejection and sweep events, are found to be insensitive to the surface conditions. While stress and space fractions are found to be insensitive to the surface topology when all Reynolds-stress-producing events are included, stress and space fractions for only the most intense ejection and sweep events vary significantly with the local surface topology.
Adsorption and advanced oxidation of diverse pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) from water using highly efficient rGO–nZVI nanohybrids

Engineered nanomaterials, like graphene with tunable adsorption sites and nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) with unique redox chemistry, offer great prospects for removing pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) through adsorption and catalytic advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) in comparison to bulk materials. Although PPCPs are found as a complex mixture in wastewater and in the environment, most studies regarding nano-enabled PPCP removal reported results with only one PPCP at a time and typically at high initial concentrations. In this study, we utilized reduced graphene oxide (rGO) as a support for nZVI to synthesize rGO–nZVI nanohybrids (NHs) and used rGO–nZVI NHs for the removal of a complex mixture of 12 diverse PPCPs that includes antibiotic, anti-inflammatory, anti-seizure, and antidepressant pharmaceuticals, which are recalcitrant in the environment. We also tested the removal of PPCPs at their individual environmentally relevant concentrations at the ppb level. The rGO–nZVI NH was synergistically utilized as both an adsorbent and a heterogeneous Fenton catalyst (for AOPs) in the presence of H2O2 to remove ∼95–99% of environmentally relevant concentrations (200 ppb) of PPCPs within 10 minutes. Even in the absence of H2O2, the hybridization resulted in better adsorptive properties (14–72% more removal) of the rGO–nZVI NHs compared to the parent nanomaterials (rGO or nZVI) for various PPCPs in the mixture, removing ∼82–99% of PPCPs, at the end of 30 minutes, with comparatively slower kinetics (∼3–5.5 times) than in the presence of H2O2. Hydrophobic PPCPs were removed faster and more PPCPs were removed by both adsorption and AOPs. The potential of utilizing rGO–nZVI NHs in drinking/wastewater treatment systems, or even in point-of-use systems where necessary, was substantiated by the enhanced and fast PPCP removal capacity of nanohybrids.
Leaving a covenantal religion: Orthodox Jewish disaffiliation from an immigration psychology perspective

This study explored psychological variables associated with disaffiliation from Orthodox Judaism (a covenantal community), and subsequent wellness. A web-based survey (N = 206) assessed factors pre...
Ab initio framework for systems with helical symmetry: Theory, numerical implementation and applications to torsional deformations in nanostructures

Abstract We formulate and implement Helical Density Functional Theory (Helical DFT) — a self-consistent first principles simulation method for nanostructures with helical symmetries. Such materials are well represented in all of nanotechnology, chemistry and biology, and prominent examples include nanotubes, nanosprings, nanowires, miscellaneous chiral structures and important proteins. The overwhelming preponderance of such helical structures in all of science and engineering and the likelihood of these systems being associated with exotic materials properties, provides the motivation to develop systematic and predictive tools for their study. Following this line of thought, we develop a mathematical and computational framework in this contribution, that allows helical structures to be studied ab initio, using Kohn–Sham theory. We first show that the electronic states in helical structures can be characterized by means of special solutions to the single electron problem called helical Bloch waves. We rigorously demonstrate the existence and completeness of such solutions, and then describe how they can be used to reduce the Kohn–Sham Density Functional Theory (KS-DFT) equations for helical structures to a suitable fundamental domain. Next, we develop a symmetry-adapted finite-difference strategy in helical coordinates to discretize the governing equations, and obtain a working realization of our proposed approach. We verify the accuracy and convergence properties of our numerical implementation through examples. Finally, we employ Helical DFT to study the properties of zigzag and chiral single wall black phosphorus (i.e., phosphorene) nanotubes. Specifically, we use our simulations to evaluate the torsional stiffness of a zigzag nanotube ab initio. Additionally, we observe an insulator-to-metal-like transition in the electronic properties of this nanotube as it is subjected to twisting. We also find that a similar transition can be effected in chiral phosphorene nanotubes by means of axial strains. The strong dependence of the band gap of these materials on various modes of strain suggests their possible use as nanomaterials with tunable electronic and transport properties. Notably, self-consistent ab initio simulations of this nature are unprecedented and well outside the scope of any other systematic first principles method in existence. We end with a discussion on various future avenues and applications.
The Vital Role of Internet of Things Amidst Covid-19

The role of the technology plays a vital role amidst the COVID-19 because of the following quarantine protocol set by the Inter-Agency Task Force (IATF) on COVID-19 like Social Distancing, wearing of face mask and face shield and usage of automated thermal scanner
Strategyproof sharing of submodular costs:budget balance versus efficiency

A service is produced for a set of agents. The service is binary, each agent either receives service or not, and the total cost of service is a submodular function of the set receiving service. We investigate strategyproof mechanisms that elicit individual willingness to pay, decide who is served, and then share the cost among them. If such a mechanism is budget balanced (covers cost exactly), it cannot be efficient (serve the surplus maximizing set of users) and vice-versa. We characterize the rich family of budget balanced and group strategyproof mechanisms and find that the mechanism associated with the Shapley value cost sharing formula is characterized by the property that its worst welfare loss is minimal. When we require efficiency rather than budget balance – the more common route in the literature – we find that there is a single Clarke-Groves mechanism that satisfies certain reasonable conditions: we call this the marginal cost pricing mechanism. We compare the size of the marginal cost pricing mechanism's worst budget surplus with the worst welfare loss of the Shapley value mechanism.
Suspected Sugammadex Hypersensitivity following Repeated Administration in the Setting of Multiple Flap Takebacks in a Brief Timespan.

Sugammadex hypersensitivity is an uncommon event that typically occurs at higher doses. We report a case of suspected sugammadex hypersensitivity in a patient who developed hypoxia and bronchospasm following three administrations of the standard 2 mg/kg doses of sugammadex within 26 hours due to flap takebacks. Hypersensitivity to sugammadex was not initially suspected given that the patient had previous exposures. Diagnoses of pneumothorax, hemothorax, mucus plug, and tracheal tube malposition were immediately ruled out. Furthermore, the onset of hypoxia with sudden loss of tidal volume, development of high peak airway pressures, and temporal correlation with sugammadex administration all supported bronchospasm secondary to a hypersensitivity reaction. Sugammadex is a useful agent for neuromuscular blockade reversal; however, it is critical to carefully examine all adverse reactions. This case report highlights the importance of considering hypersensitivity reactions in the setting of repeat sugammadex administrations in a limited timeframe, such as in free flap reconstruction requiring multiple takebacks to the operating room in the setting of flap compromise.
Value of EUV lithography for DRAM manufacturing

It seems like EUV is at the center stage of semiconductor industry nowadays. Several leading companies has already established manufacturing foothold on EUV and add the number of equipment steadily where double-digit number of tools are already operational in their realm. Mostly logic and foundry sectors have moved earlier for EUV high volume manufacturing but memory makers are also following suit. In the presentation, it will be reviewed what specific aspects has differentiated the memory sector from logic and foundry in view of EUV adoption. The value of EUV lithography by comparing that of ArF immersion based multiple patterning techniques will be examined. It will be also touched on the current status and future extendibility of EUV lithography in view of DRAM manufacturing will be briefly addressed also.
Assessing collective intelligence in human groups

This chapter summarises the research on collective intelligence (CI) in human groups over the last ten years. It describes key factors that lead to development of CI in human teams and discusses the approach taken to measuring it. It also examines different task taxonomies, including the McGrath Group Task Circumplex, and looks at the nature of interdependence in CI. Newer research on enhancing CI is explored, including possible roles for artificial intelligence (AI). The chapter discusses how these approaches could provide useful directions for shaping and evaluating AI, and particularly artificial social intelligence, for enabling teamwork in more complex settings.
Thermal behavior of a microdevice under transient heat loads

Abstract An experimental study was carried out to investigate the transient response of a thermal microsystem to both a step change and a square wave pulse change in heat flux. The microsystem consisted of a single microchannel etched on a silicon microdevice that was bonded to a Pyrex wafer. A thin-film titanium heater was deposited on the Pyrex substrate. The heater acted as the power source as well as the resistance temperature device. The influence of flow convection on the transient response was studied for two fluids: air and HFE-7000. The effects of heat flux, Reynolds number, fluid properties, and pulse parameters (amplitude, width, duty cycle) on the transient temperature response were identified. The temperature response consisted of an initial rapid temperature rise followed by slower convection dynamics. For longer pulse widths, the temperature of the microdevice reached steady state. Higher order dynamics were identified at the beginning of the temperature response. Convection dynamics were approximated as a first-order response, and the effects of Reynolds number and fluid properties on the time constant of the first order response were identified.
The Legality of Parking Meter Ordinances and Permissible Use of Parking Meter Funds

ONE of the most critical problems facing cities today is that of proper traffic control and regulation. Because of the enormous increase in the number of registered motor vehicles within California, its cities have been particularly vexed.' The growth of vehicular traffic during the last decade throughout America caused most cities to enact ordinances regulating the length of time for parking in a given space. Practical enforcement of such regulations not only met with difficulty but also failed to furnish anticipated results. In 1936 the municipal authorities of Oklahoma City turned to the parking meter, hopeful of finding a solution to the downtown parking problem. Experience since that time has indicated that the parking meter is no panacea but is, nevertheless, a useful device greatly facilitating efficient traffic control and regulation. The primary purpose of the parking meter is to regulate auto parking in otherwise congested areas. A secondary but nonetheless important purpose is to provide necessary revenues to finance an adequate traffic control program.2 In the eleven years since their first
Purification and Properties of Semisynthetic Staphylococcal Nuclease-T'

Abstract Semisynthetic staphylococcal nuclease-T', the noncovalent complex of peptide fragments synthetic-(6–47) (the peptide, obtained by solid phase synthesis, corresponding to Residues 6 through 47 of nuclease) and native nuclease-T-(49–149) (containing Residues 49 through 149 of nuclease), was isolated in a highly purified form. This material was compared to native nuclease-T', the complex of native fragments nuclease-T-(6–48) and nuclease-T-(49–149). The semisynthetic enzyme derivative has about 90% of the enzymic activity of the native complex against both natural and synthetic substrates, including yeast RNA, heat-denatured salmon sperm DNA, and deoxythymidine 3'-phosphate-5'-p-nitrophenyl phosphate. The Km at 24.3° for this last substrate is 2.2 x 10-4 m for the semisynthetic complex, as compared to 2.1 x 10-4 m for the native. In addition, semisynthetic nuclease-T' is closely similar to native nuclease-T' in tryptophanyl fluorescence emission spectral characteristics, temperature dependence of enzymic activity, and stabilization against proteolytic digestion by the ligands deoxythymidine-3',5'-diphosphate (an inhibitor) and Ca++ (essential for activity). All of the catalytic and structural properties thus show the essential identity of semisynthetic nuclease-T' with the native enzyme derivative.
Cygnus a and the Williams model

We present radio observations of the hot spots in Cygnus A. The observations show both a compact, ‘primary’ hot spot, and a larger, more diffuse ‘secondary’ hot spot in each lobe, as well as the jets which feed the primaries. We interpret our observations along the line of the Williams and Gull (1986) ‘splatter spot’ models for double hot spots is extragalactic radio sources.
Cartesian Grid Methods for Fluid Flow in Complex Geometries

Biological fluid dynamics typically involves geometrically complicated structures which are often deforming in time. We give a brief overview of some approaches based on using fixed Cartesian grids instead of attempting to use a grid which conforms to the boundary. Both finite-difference and finite-volume methods are discussed, as well as a combined approach which has recently been used for computing incompressible flow using the streamfunction-vorticity formulation of the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations.
Limited-angel tomography using constrained sinogram restoration

Summary form only given. An algorithm that calculates the maximum a posteriori estimate of the complete sinogram has been developed. It uses prior knowledge of the smoothness of the sinogram, fundamental mathematical constraints on the Radon transform, and a complete probabilistic characterization of the observation noise. The object is reconstructed using convolution backprojection applied to the restored sinogram. The observation that many objects of interest tend to have smooth sinograms, although the objects themselves may not be smooth, has been incorporated by defining a Markov random field prior probability on full sinograms, rather than on objects. The Markov random field used is of the simplest kind-nearest neighbor with quadratic potential terms-although more elaborate models can be used. Using a known noise model (zero-mean, Gaussian), the maximum a posteriori solution to the sinogram restoration problem can be formulated. The solution to this problem is a constrained optimization algorithm, and because of the simple form of both the prior and the observation noise, it was possible to develop an iterative primal-dual algorithm that converges quite rapidly too the desired solution. >
Trends in hypertension prevalence among US blacks and whites

Total 13.3% 10.7 15.9% By Sex Male 17.3% 13.3 21.2% Female 8.6% 5.9 11.4% By Age Group (years) 21-44 9.8% 7.1 12.6% 45-64 19.4% 15.2 23.5% 65 and over 20.5% 12.3 28.8% By CBP range (mmHg) 7.1% 4.7 9.5% >1⁄4120/80 and 17.2% 13.1 21.4% >1⁄4130/85 and 30.8% 24.7 36.9% Diabetes No 13.0% 10.4 15.6% Yes 20.1% 11.7 28.5% Chronic Kidney Disease No 13.0% 10.4 15.6% Yes 17.1% 11.4 22.9%
Option pricing and robust control

In the standard framework, the option pricing problem involves determining a price such that the option writer can guarantee a certain bound on the cost almost surely. Due to this form, the problem may be reformulated in terms of deterministic differential games of the type employed in robust and H/sup /spl infin// control. The standard model yields the Black and Scholes price. Both a deterministic model and the standard model with the Ito integral replaced by the Stratonovich integral yield the price corresponding to a stop-loss hedging technique. With these methods, it can also be easily be shown that with a bounded, stochastic volatility, the Black and Scholes price corresponding to the upper bound for volatility is sufficient to hedge the option.
P3a and P3b auditory ERPs in HIV patients receiving anti-viral medication.

The effects of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection on central nervous system function were studied with the P3a and P3b event-related brain potentials (ERPs) in patients with HIV compared to unaffected matched controls (n=14/group). All patients were on anti-viral medication for at least 2 months before testing. Auditory stimuli were employed in an easy 2-stimulus oddball discrimination task to obtain a typical P3b (P300) subcomponent. A 3-stimulus distractor paradigm also was employed in which the target/standard discrimination was very difficult, and an infrequent high-pitched tone non-target was presented to elicit the P3a subcomponent. Subjects responded only to the target stimulus in each task. P3a amplitude was significantly smaller for HIV compared to control subjects. No reliable P3b effects were obtained. The findings suggest that P3a rather than P3b may be a more sensitive measure of cognitive impairment in HIV patients on anti-viral medication.
TOXICITY AND CONVULSIVE ACTIVITY OF A SERIES OF THEOPHYLLINE DERIVATIVES.

Abstract The toxicities and convulsive activities of a series of 7-substituted, 8-hydroxybenzyl theophyllines were determined in different species by various routes of administration. The CD50's and LD50's for the five compounds under study varied from 7 to 180 mg/kg in mice after intravenous injection. The therapeutic indexes were highest for the diisopropylamino (1.5) and the diethylamino derivative BZL (1.3), and the margin of safety increased in higher species. A fourfold increase in the effective dose was found between the intravenous, intraperitoneal, and oral administration of BZL in mice. This is a larger difference than reported for other xanthine derivatives, such as aminophylline and theophylline. Subacute toxicity studies with BZL did not reveal any pathologic damage in rats and dogs, making this compound acceptable for further neuropharmacologic evaluation and its application to human therapy.