cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
THE EFFECT OF MULTIPLE READINGS ON THE BEHAVIORS OF CHILDREN AND TEACHERS IN AN EARLY INTERVENTION PROGRAM

Children who can return frequently to reread a variety of familiar materials have opportunities to orchestrate the complex process of reading with increasing levels of independence. The purpose of the present study was to examine the behaviors of children and their teachers across repeated readings of the same text. The oral reading behaviors of 15 children during four readings of the same book across several Reading Recovery lessons were analyzed. There was evidence of increased monitoring, error detection, and self‐correction as texts became more familiar. With each reading, children began to take more initiative in problem solving. Fluency increased across multiple readings. As texts became more familiar, teacher interventions decreased and changed in substantive ways.
Spectral absorption properties of dissolved and particulate matter in Lake Erie

Spectral absorption properties of particulate and dissolved matter were determined for Lake Erie waters in order to investigate the natural variability of the absorption coefficients required as inputs to optical models for converting satellite observations of water colour into water quality information. Particulate absorption measured using the quantitative filter technique yielded absorption spectra containing a fraction that could not be attributed to phytoplankton pigments, living heterotrophs, mineral sediments, or organic detritus but were indicative of additional absorption by a fraction of dissolved organic matter present in colloidal and/or particle-bound form. Erroneously high phytoplankton absorption coefficients measured at short wavelengths using the filter technique suggested that this particle-bound DOM is removed along with phytoplankton pigments during bleaching by sodium hypochlorite and as such is mistakenly incorporated into the phytoplankton absorption signal. Observations suggest that the selective sorption of fractions of DOM onto suspended particles may be responsible for significant variability in the absorption coefficients of particulate and dissolved matter and may be an important contributor to the total spectral absorption signals in Lake Erie waters. This reservoir of coloured organic matter, which to date has not been seriously considered in the optical properties of coastal and inland waters, may produce significant uncertainties in the parameterization of optical models and the interpretation of in situ and remotely sensed aquatic colour signals.
Improved methods for measuring radioactive tracer accumulation and excretion by microarthropods, with applications for the mite, Tyrophagus longior (Gervais) (Acarina: Acaridae)

Radioisotope retention measurements of /sup 85/Sr and /sup 51/Cr in Tyrophagus longior (Gervais) were fit to 2- and 1-component models. Biological half-life for the rapid component of both radioisotopes was about 10 hours, with assimilation of /sup 85/Sr being 62%. The identification of /sup 51/Cr turnover as gut clearance must remain tentative. An inexpensive disposable culture chamber for measuring radioisotope retention in microarthropods is described.
Heterogeneous Ultrastructure of Keratohyalin Granules: A Comparative Study of Adjacent Skin and Mucous Membrane

Keratohyalin granules of the cheek epidermis, buccal epithelium, and transitional region of newborn rats were fixed by several different procedures and studied by electron microscopy. Keratohyalin granules of epidermis were irregularly shaped, while those of the buccal epithelium appeared round or oval and those of the transitional zone revealed a fibrillar structure. Electron dense homogenous deposits observed at the edge of keratohyalin granules in epidermis were associated with a fibrillar component in the transitional region but were located in the center portion of keratohyalin granules in buccal mucosa. These results seem to document the heterogeneous composition of keratohyalin granules. The morphology of the granules appears to be altered depending upon the amount and manner of combination of each constituent.
Logic programs, well-orderings and forward chaining

Abstract We investigate the construction of stable models of general propositional logic programs. We show that a forward-chaining technique, supplemented by a properly chosen safeguard can be used to construct stable models of logic programs. Moreover, the proposed method has the advantage that if a program has no stable model, the result of the construction is a stable model of a subprogram. Further, in such a case the proposed method “isolates the inconsistency” of the program, that is it points to the part of the program responsible for the inconsistency. The results of computations are called stable submodels. We prove that every stable model of a program is a stable submodel. We investigate the complexity issues associated with stable submodels. The number of steps required to construct a stable submodel is polynomial in the sum of the lengths of the rules of the program. In the infinite case the outputs of the forward chaining procedure have much simpler complexity than those for general stable models. We show how to incorporate other techniques for finding models (e.g. Fitting operator, Van Gelder-Ross-Schlipf operator) into our construction.
Institutionalized: Organizational obstacles to communicating sustainability

This paper narrates two types of institutional obstacles to advocacy of sustainability. The authors' experiences as advocates for sustainability curriculum and programming at Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology demonstrates two impediments to communication that can be generalized to other institutional contexts. Differences in values and language practices among advocates and audiences can preempt both the implementation of sustainability proposals and full sharing of the objectives that define them. The contested meanings of “sustainability” in academic and managerial discourse communities contribute in particularly important ways to these failures.
Gastric digestion in some raptors.

Abstract 1. 1. Gastric digestion of mice in falconiforms is apparently more thorough than it is in strigiforms because the proportion of the food consumed that reappears as a pellet is lower in the former than in the latter. 2. 2. This difference is principally due to a more thorough corrosion of the bones in the food by Falconiformes, i.e. there is a smaller proportion of bone in falconiform pellets. 3. 3. Falconiform gastric juice contains considerably more hydrogen ion than strigiform and this probably accounts for the greater bone corrosion by falconiforms. 4. 4. Gastric proteolytic activity is about equal before and after eating in both orders of raptors. 5. 5. The meal-to-pellet interval is also about equal between the two orders. 6. 6. The pH and proteolytic activity of the gastric juice of raptors were in general significantly bifferent from these values in domestic ducks and turkeys, but the values found for poultry agree with published data.
Teaching accounting information systems using a case study approach

Abstract The Accounting Information Systems course has been a difficult and frustrating course to teach. This article explains the case study approach taken at BYU that seems to solve many of the problems encountered with this approach. The cases used are described as well as the benefits and problems encountered with this approach.
The effects of adrenal and gonadal steroids and K+-canrenoate on the metabolism of aldosterone by rat liver microsomes.

Abstract The synthesis of polar aldosterone metabolites by rat liver microsomes at physiological concentrations of aldosterone (21.5 nM), was markedly inhibited by progesterone, testosterone, corticosterone, K+-canrenoate and estradiol-17β. In contrast, corticosterone and estradiol-17β significantly increased the synthesis of reduced aldosterone metabolites by 8- and 15-fold respectively, the majority of which were 5α-reduced products of aldosterone. In experiments at higher substrate (aldosterone) concentrations (20–200 μM) the synthesis of ring A -reduced aldosterone metabolites by liver microsomes followed Michaelis-Menten kinetics with a Km[app] for aldosterone of 160 μM and Vmax[app] of 12.2 nmoles/mg protein/5 min. In these experiments progesterone, testosterone and K+-canrenoate all competitively inhibited the synthesis of reduced metabolites with inhibition constants (Ki [app]) of 70, 85 and 55 μM respectively; however, corticosterone did not. In contrast, estradiol-17β increased the rate of synthesis of reduced products by 40%, lowering the Km[app]to 83 μM.
Renal cortical adenoma incidentally found during living donor nephrectomy

We report a living related kidney donor incidentally found to have a renal cortical adenoma at nephrectomy. The patient is a 53-year-old man accepted for living related kidney donation. Predonation workup revealed a solitary left renal artery and, on the right kidney, a main artery with a small accessory artery in the upper pole. No other abnormalities were found in the medical history, physical examination, or laboratory and radiological studies. A left laparoscopic nephrectomy was planned. However, during dissection of the upper pole, a 5-mm mass was noted. The nephrectomy was completed, and the organ was preserved in cold University of Wisconsin solution. Permanent section histology showed that the lesion was mostly likely a renal cortical adenoma. As the risk of malignant transformation with immunosuppression could not be adequately determined, the kidney was not transplanted into the recipient. The donor elected not to have the kidney replaced, and the organ was discarded.
The role of the grants officer

A key player in the institutional effort to build and sustain strong undergraduate STEM programs is the grants officer, who knows where and how to secure the external gifts and grants essential to accomplishing strategic initiatives.
Catalog of Galactic OB Stars

An all-sky catalog of Galactic OB stars has been created by extending the Case-Hamburg Galactic plane luminous-stars surveys to include 5500 additional objects drawn from the literature. This work brings the total number of known or reasonably suspected OB stars to over 16,000. Companion databases of UBVβ photometry and MK classifications for these objects include nearly 30,000 and 20,000 entries, respectively.
Intersystem Crossings in Model Energetic Materials

We consider the role of the lowest singlet−triplet intersystem crossing in molecular nitromethane, nitramine, and nitric acid using ab initio complete active space self-consistent field (CAS SCF) wave functions. These systems represent the simplest models of C−(NO2), N−(NO2), and O−(NO2) bonds in energetic materials. The lowest triplet state of these molecules exhibits a minimum equilibrium structure where the nitro group is no longer coplanar with the X (C, N, O) atom, in contrast to the equilibrium geometry of the ground-state singlets. CAS SCF and density functional theory (DFT) fully optimized triplet potential energy curves confirm that the triplets are adiabatically bound with respect to X−(NO2) bond dissociation pathway, with energy barriers at the CAS SCF level of 33, 25, and 15 kcal/mol, respectively. DFT optimizations produced barriers 9−15 kcal/mol lower than the CAS SCF. Singlet−triplet minimum energy crossing points have been located at 13, 8, and 4 kcal/mol above the respective triplet minim...
The Need for a Concept of Value in Economic Theory

I. Necessity of reexamining the received body of economic thought, 201. — II. Historical illustrations of the principle of relativity, 203.— III. Characteristics of an adequate theory, 206.— IV. Meaning of "interdependence," 207.— The sociology of knowledge, 208.— V. Group problems overshadowed by the main problem of the dominant group, 208.— VI. A theory of value of a dominant group tends to become static, 210.— VII. The concrete purpose in formulating a theory of value, 212.— Approximation, 214.— VIII. The larger processes or fields of relevanee, 214.— IX. Conclusion, 216.
Life events, rationality and emotional disturbance.

Albert Ellis (2) claims that cognitions play a predominant role in emotjonal disturbance. Accordingly, environmental circumstances do not directly cause emotional disturbance, but interpretations of these circumstances do. Ellis has enumerated some common interpretations or assumptions likely to cause emotional disturbance. Subsequent researchers (3) have construcred scales from Ellis' assumptions and found scores to correlate with emotional disturbance. This study purports to measure the relative association of irrationality and stressful life events with emotional disrurbance. It is predicted that irrationality will correlate higher with emotional disturbance than stressful life events. Stressful life events are those which respondents rate as undesirable and which are theoretically and practically independent of the respondent's mental condition. Sixty-two students (17 men and 45 women, M.,. = 23 yr.) at the Reading Area Community College (Pa.) served as a sample of convenience. They completed three questionnaires designed to measure life change, modified from Anderson (I), irrationality (3 ) , and emotional disturbance (4). The ~rrxlonality scale correlated .33 with Langner's scale (p < .01), that is, as irrationality scores increased, so did emotional disturbance. However, the correlation of .16 between life stress and Langner's scale did not reach significance (p = .11). The results are consistent with the hypothesis that sustained negative emotions depend more on the cognitive appraisal of events than events themselves.
Analysis of the plasticity of location of the Arg244 positive charge within the active site of the TEM‐1 β‐lactamase

A large number of β-lactamases have emerged that are capable of conferring bacterial resistance to β-lactam antibiotics. Comparison of the structural and functional features of this family has refined understanding of the catalytic properties of these enzymes. An arginine residue present at position 244 in TEM-1 β-lactamase interacts with the carboxyl group common to penicillin and cephalosporin antibiotics and thereby stabilizes both the substrate and transition state complexes. A comparison of class A β-lactamase sequences reveals that arginine at position 244 is not conserved, although a positive charge at this structural location is conserved and is provided by an arginine at positions 220 or 276 for those enzymes lacking arginine at position 244. The plasticity of the location of positive charge in the β-lactamase active site was experimentally investigated by relocating the arginine at position 244 in TEM-1 β-lactamase to positions 220, 272, and 276 by site-directed mutagenesis. Kinetic analysis of the engineered β-lactamases revealed that removal of arginine 244 by alanine mutation reduced catalytic efficiency against all substrates tested and restoration of an arginine at positions 272 or 276 partially suppresses the catalytic defect of the Arg244Ala substitution. These results suggest an evolutionary mechanism for the observed divergence of the position of positive charge in the active site of class A β-lactamases.
Further alkaloids of Alstonia muelleriana

Abstract Five further alkaloids, des- N ′ a -methylanhydromacralstonine, quebrachidine, vinervinine, pleiocarpamine, and 2,7-dihydropleiocarpamine, have been isolated from Alstonia muelleriana bark. Phytochemical problems in the genus Alstonia are considered, especially with reference to the ‘macroline-derived’ indole and bis-indole alkaloids.
Isolated absence of the infrarenal inferior vena cava: Evidence of an acquired etiology

Abstract Isolated absence of the infrarenal inferior vena cava is an extremely rare vascular anomaly with controversial pathogenesis. This is the first report of association between absence of the infrarenal inferior vena cava and adrenal calcifications and renal hypoplasia, recognized long-term manifestations of perinatal inferior vena cava thrombosis. This is the sixth reported case in the English literature of isolated infrarenal absence of the inferior vena cava with preservation of the suprarenal segment and the only one associated with adrenal calcifications, presumably from prior hemorrhage, and ipsilateral renal hypoplasia.
An Interprofessional Course Using Human Patient Simulation to Teach Patient Safety and Teamwork Skills

Objectives. To assess the effectiveness of human patient simulation to teach patient safety, team-building skills, and the value of interprofessional collaboration to pharmacy students.Design. Five scenarios simulating semi-urgent situations that required interprofessional collaboration were developed. Groups of 10 to 12 health professions students that included 1 to 2 pharmacy students evaluated patients while addressing patient safety hazards.Assessment. Pharmacy students’ scores on 8 of 30 items on a post-simulation survey of knowledge, skills, and attitudes improved over pre-simulation scores. Students’ scores on 3 of 10 items on a team building and interprofessional communications survey also improved after participating in the simulation exercise. Over 90% of students reported that simulation increased their understanding of professional roles and the importance of interprofessional communication.Conclusions. Simulation training provided an opportunity to improve pharmacy students’ ability to recogn...
An ultrastructural study of angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma

We studied the electron microscopy of two tumors which clinically and histologically conformed to what has been described as angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma, a tumor thought to be of fibrohistiocytic origin. The ultrastructure of one tumor was that of a cellular angioma and the second tumor a vascular lesion with fibroblasts and histiocyte-like mononuclear cells. Our findings suggest that angiomatoid fibrous histiocytomas are basically vascular tumors with fibroblasts and other cells as secondary participants in some lesions. The behaviour of angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma cannot be predicted from histology. Our findings of different ultrastructural components in histologically non-separable tumors lead to a question whether different ultrastructural composition is correlated with different biological behavior of these tumors. Further studies of similar cases are required if tumor morphology is to be correlated with clinical behavior.
Stability and change in Tethyan planktic foraminifera across the Paleocene–Eocene transition

Abstract Examination of planktic foraminifera in the Tethys basin during the Paleocene–Eocene transition reveals two stasis intervals that are separated by a major saltation event coincident with the P–E short-term perturbation in global climate and oceanography. Changes occurred at many spatial and temporal scales as well as many taxonomic and ecologic hierarchical levels, though with various rates and magnitudes. The stasis intervals are marked by slow changes at the species level and account for 50% of the observed first and last appearances during a 2.5 Myr interval. The saltation event is marked by rapid changes at the species and morpho-guild levels and accounts for the remaining 50% of first and last appearances during an interval of about 100–200 kyr. Despite these changes, many taxonomic and ecologic units, such as the depth assemblages and genera, and faunal parameters, such as species richness and turnover rates, are stable with respect to the P–E perturbation. This coexistence of change and stability marks the crisis of Tethyan planktic foraminifera across the P–E transition and reveals the possible dynamics of ecological evolution.
Possible involvement of calmodulin in maturation and activation of Chaetopterus eggs

Abstract We report the isolation of calmodulin from oocytes of Chaetopterus pergamentaceus . The identification of this protein is based on (1) activation of beef heart cAMP phosphodiesterase, (2) heat stability, (3) sensitivity to chlorpromazine, and (4) electrophoretic mobility identical to that of porcine brain calmodulin after sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of either Ca 2+ or EGTA. We treated oocytes with chlorpromazine and W-7 to investigate the involvement of calmodulin in meiosis initiation and egg activation. Very low concentrations of chlorpromazine inhibited germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD). This effect was shown to be dependent upon bright indirect light, since the drug was much less effective at GVBD inhibition under conditions of very low illumination. Higher concentrations of chlorpromazine and W-7 (100 μ M ) inhibited GVBD and activated eggs with intact germinal vesicles as determined by fertilization envelope formation and the onset of ameboid activity. Neither egg activation nor inhibition of calmodulin stimulation of phosphodiesterase activity in vitro was affected by light. These results are consistent with a role for calmodulin in egg activation and GVBD, but suggest that chlorpromazine in bright light may prevent GVBD by some mechanism other than calmodulin inhibition.
Obesity, weight reduction and survival in heart failure: Reply

We appreciate the interest of Lavie et al. with regard to our recent analysis of obesity’s role in the prognosis of advanced heart failure (HF) [(1)][1]and the supporting data they have provided from their own institution [(2)][2]. Our study has found that obese HF patients have similar to
Introduction to panel discussion on mobile radio vehicular interference

Vehicular electrical systems have the inherent capability of generating broad-band type impulsive interference, which, if effective control measures are not taken, will seriously degrade the performance of mobile communications receivers installed in the vehicle or installed in nearby vehicles. Thus we have two distinct problems: one, the interference to the communications receiver by the vehicular carrier; two, interference to the communications receiver from the electrical systems of nearby vehicles. The term broad-band interference describes the spectrum character of this interference which manifests its presence over a broad spectrum of frequencies extending from the very low radio frequencies to at least 1,000 mc. Figure 1 illustrates some of the properties of broad-band impulsive type interference. It will be noted that the idealized case of a pulse of infinite height and infinitesimal duration will result in a uniform spectrum from dc to infinity. More realizable pulses of rectangular and triangular shape respectively would have a spectrum such as shown in the lower portion of Figure 1. It will be noted that the spectrum amplitude, in the flat portion of the spectrum is substantially a function of only the volt-time area of the pulse, whereas at the higher frequencies the spectrum amplitude is a function of both the volt-time area and the pulse shape.
Optimizing treatments for nicotine dependence by increasing cognitive performance during withdrawal

Introduction: Current FDA-approved smoking cessation pharmacotherapies have limited efficacy and are associated with high rates of relapse. Therefore, there is a clear need to develop novel antismoking medications. Nicotine withdrawal is associated with cognitive impairments that predict smoking relapse. It has been proposed that these cognitive deficits are a hallmark of nicotine withdrawal that could be targeted in order to prevent smoking relapse. Thus, pharmacotherapies that increase cognitive performance during nicotine withdrawal may represent potential smoking cessation agents. Areas covered: The authors review the clinical literature demonstrating that nicotine withdrawal is associated with deficits in working memory, attention and response inhibition. They then briefly summarize different classes of compounds and strategies to increase cognitive performance during nicotine withdrawal. Particular emphasis has been placed on translational research in order to highlight areas for which there is stro...
Effect of prepartum milking of primigravid cows on mammary gland health and lactation performance

Abstract The objectives were to determine the effects of prepartum milking of primigravid cows on mammary gland health, lactation performance and metabolic parameters during late gestation and early lactation. Primigravid Holstein cows, 267, were assigned to one of two treatments consisting of either three times daily milking or no milking during the last 15 days of gestation. Milk samples were collected for microbiological culture from all prepartum-milking cows at 15 days prepartum, and from all cows at 2 and 28 days postpartum. Udder edema was ‘assessed’ weekly by digital pressure of the udder and at day 2 postpartum by measuring the udder floor area immediately before and after milking. Blood was collected on days −11 and 14, and 4 and 17 days relative to calving for analyses of plasma glucose, β-OH-butyrate, and nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA). Prepartum milking reduced udder edema, proportion of cows with positive bacterial isolate in milk, somatic cell count, and incidence of mastitis during the first 135 days in milk. Primigravid cows milked prepartum produced 1.7 kg/day more milk and 1.1 kg/day more 3.5% fat-corrected milk. Plasma concentrations of glucose decreased and of β-OH-butyrate and NEFA increased around parturition, which resulted in a higher incidence of subclinical ketosis for cows milked prepartum.
Least-squares model-based video halftoning

A technique for halftoning video sequences is presented. First, an error metric is designed, incorporating psychophysical spatio-temporal contrast sensitivity data for the human visual system. An efficient strategy for producing halftone sequences that minimize the error is then developed. The technique is compared with video halftoning algorithms that do not consider the temporal aspect of the human visual system.
Model-based shape classification using shape-transformation-invariant descriptors

ABSTRACT The shape classification methods derived from similarity measures based on the shape-transformation-variant descriptors often require shape normalization/st andardization that involves compli cated computations and contour or code matching schemes. In this paper, we introduce a quantitative similarity measure and a new model-based shape classification method which uses exclusively the shape-transformation-invariant descriptors . This method eliminates all possible variations and potential problems caused by shape transformation, and complicated contour matching and/or shape normalization/standardization procedures. Keywords: Shape similarity, shape classification, shape descriptor, shape transformation 1. INTRODUCTION There are two types of geometric shape descriptors: a. Contour-based descriptors, such as boundary chain codes, length, curvature, bending energy, signature, moment, angular distribution, Fourier descriptors, and other approaches such as Hough transform, mathematical morphology, and neural networks. b. Region-based descriptors, such as area, eccentricity, elongatedness, rect angularity, sphericity, roughness, direction, compactness, convex hull, skeleton, decomposition, and etc. These two types of shape descriptors can be re-classified into the following two categories in relation to shape transformation. The shape transformation, without changing the shape itself, includes scaling, rotation, reflection, inversion, translation, and any combinations of them. a. Shape-transformation-variant descriptors (STVD). This includes chain codes, boundary length, area, signature, moment, and etc. STVDs of a given a geometric shape vary with its transformations. b. Shape-transformation-invariant desc riptors (STID). This includes comp actness, eccentricity, elongatedness, rectangularity, and sphericity. STIDs of a given geometric shape do not vary with its transformations. As shown in many previous studies
Chemical enhancement effects in SIMS analysis

Abstract This paper summarizes some of the recent advances in the understanding of the secondary ion emission process, and relates them to the important cesium and oxygen enhancement effects in secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). The oxygen enhancement of ionization results from local breaking of oxide bonds and its magnitude is related to the microscopic distribution of oxygen atoms in the target. The Cs enhancement effect is found to be connected with the work function change induced by the Cs on the sample surface, and the ionization process is best described by an electron tunneling model. These differences affect the concentration dependence, alloying effect and the optimum operating conditions in SIMS analysis.
Bacterial elastase. I. Isolation, purification and properties.

Abstract A bacterial elastase has been isolated from a flavobacterium species and freed from contaminating peptidase and unspecific proteinase activity. Some properties of this new enzyme, such as pH, stability, effect of metals and other potential inhibitors, kinetics, and specificity are described. The bacterial enzyme is more specific than pancreatic elastase, has a lower pH optimum, and is not affected by 1% NaCl and serum inhibitors.
The design of robots and intelligent manipulators using modern composite materials

Abstract The operating speed and endpoint positional accuracy of existing industrial manipulators are limited by the inertial and stiffness characteristics of the articulating members of the robot's mechanical linkage. This limitation may be overcome by developing members having high structural stiffness and strength with low mass, and this has been recognized for some time. These characteristics can be obtained by fabricating the moving members of manipulators in fiber reinforced composite materials. In order to establish a basis for the dynamic analysis of robots fabricated in viscoelastic composites, a variational theorem is developed herein. A preliminary comparative study is then undertaken for manipulators manufactured in a graphite-epoxy composite material and also steel in order to demonstrate some of the advantages to be accrued from this proposed new design philosophy.
Reliability Studies of Polysilicon Fusible Link PROM's

Reliability aspects of polycrystalline silicon fusible link PROM's have been investigated and discussed in terms of manufacturing and accelerated lifetesting. lifetest data indicate that the "grow back" failure made operative in nichrome fuse PROM's is not present in polysilicon fuses. Failure rates associated with the fuse structure are considerably below the inherent failure rate of the bipolar device.
Diophantine undecidability of C(t1, t2)

We give a short proof that the Diophantine theory of the complex function field C ( t 1 , t 2 ) where t i are algebraically independent over the complex numbers, in the language {+, ×, t 1 , t 2 , 0, 1} is undecidable. We construct a model of ( Z , +, ×) represented by isogenies of an elliptic curve.
Skill and will: The role of motivation and cognition in the learning of college chemistry

This study investigated how students' level of motivation and use of specific cognitive and self-regulatory strategies changed over time, and how these motivational and cognitive components in turn predicted students' course performance in chemistry. Participants were 458 students enrolled in introductory college chemistry classes. Participants' motivation and strategy use were assessed at three time points over the course of one semester using self-report instruments. Results showed an overall decline in students' motivational levels over time. There was also a decline in students' use of rehearsal and elaboration strategies over time; students' use of organizational and self-regulatory strategies increased over time. These trends, however, were found to vary by students' achievement levels. In terms of the relations of motivation and cognition to achievement, the motivational components of self-efficacy and task value were found to be the best predictors of final course performance even after controllin...
Test-retest reliability of the halstead-reitan battery and the WAIS in a neuropsychiatric population

Abstract Data are presented concerning the test-retest reliability of the Halstead-Reitan battery and the WAIS in a heterogeneous neuropsychiatric sample of 150 patients. Relative reliability or stability of results was evaluated through use of Pearson r correlation coefficients, while absolute reliability, or sensitivity to change in clinical condition, was evaluated with paired sample t tests. Subgroups of alcoholic/trauma, schizophrenic, and vascular disease patients were extracted from the total sample in order to examine for the possibility of different reliability levels among different clinical groups. It was found that most of the components of the Halstead-Reitan battery had psychometrically satisfactory relative reliability levels. However, schizophrenics exhibited significantly lower levels of reliability than did the other subgroups. Differences in absolute reliability were characterized by a greater incidence of improved performance on second testing in the alcoholic/trauma subgroup than in t...
Angle-resolved mass spectrometry

Abstract An angle-resolving slit installed in a conventional double focussing mass spectrometer allows spectra with unique information content to be generated. The system performance is discussed and several types of spectra are displayed. In particular, energy loss spectra and mass spectra of ions which survive strong collisions are recorded. These latter species are typically the lower-mass even-electron ions which are least susceptible to charge exchange, which appears to be the major ion-removal process in these experiments. Collision-induced dissociation at non-zero scattering angles transfers internal energies which increase with the scattering angle. This is demonstrated by the increased relative abundances of ions formed by multistep versus one-step fragmentation sequences. The methods developed provide new insights into ion structure as well as thermochemistry, and it is shown that the C 7 H → 7 ion formed from benzyl chloride can be distinguished from that generated from toluene.
Purification of a barley peptide hydrolase by disc electrophoresis

Abstract Analytical and preparative disc electrophoresis have been used for further purification of peptide hydrolase A from germinated barley. Its substrate specificity has been reexamined. Peptide bonds with an aromatic amino acid on the carboxyl side of the bond or lysine on the amino side were readily hydrolyzed.
Behavioral and physiological correlates of stress in laboratory cats

Abstract Sixteen domestic cats were used to investigate the pituitary-adrenal, pituitary-gonadal and behavioral consequences of an unpredictable handling and husbandry routine. After a 10-day baseline period of standard laboratory procedures, eight cats (‘stressed cats’, STR) were subjected to a 21-day period of altered caretaking characterized by irregular feeding and cleaning times, absence of talking and petting by humans, and daily unpredictable manipulations. Eight control cats (CON group) were maintained for 21 days on the standard caretaking schedule. Behavior was recorded on time-lapse video 24 h day −1 , urine was collected daily for cortisol analyses, and hormone stimulation tests with synthetic adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) were conducted before and after the 3-week treatment period. Results indicate that the STR cats were chronically stressed by the altered caretaking routine. Urinary cortisol concentrations were consistently elevated throughout the 3-week period, adrenal sensitivity to ACTH was enhanced and pituitary sensitivity to LHRH was reduced. Active exploratory and play behavior was suppressed, and STR cats spent more time awake/alert and attempting to hide. Hiding was negatively correlated with cortisol concentration and, therefore, may be an important behavior for coping with uncontrollable and unpredictable captive environments. These results indicate that qualitatively poor caretaking is a potent psychological stressor for confined cats that may eventually compromise reproduction through behavioral or physiological mechanisms. To promote well-being, caged cats should be provided with appropriate places for concealment.
Proposed Ticarcillin Disk Control Values for Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Multicenter Cooperative Study

In a multicenter cooperative controlled study, individual test, accuracy, and precision control values were determined for 75-μg ticarcillin disks with Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853.
Human Thymidylate Synthase Is in the Closed Conformation When Complexed with dUMP and Raltitrexed, an Antifolate Drug†,‡

Thymidylate synthase (TS) is a major target in the chemotherapy of colorectal cancer and some other neoplasms while raltitrexed (Tomudex, ZD1694) is an antifolate inhibitor of TS approved for clinical use in several European countries. The crystal structure of the complex between recombinant human TS, dUMP, and raltitrexed has been determined at 1.9 A resolution. In contrast to the situation observed in the analogous complex of the rat TS, the enzyme is in the closed conformation and a covalent bond between the catalytic Cys 195 and dUMP is present in both subunits. This mode of ligand binding is similar to that of the analogous complex of the Escherichia coli enzyme. The only major differences observed are a direct hydrogen bond between His 196 and the O4 atom of dUMP and repositioning of the side chain of Tyr 94 by about 2 A. The thiophene ring of the drug is disordered between two parallel positions.
The active transport of sodium by ghosts of human red blood cells.

The outflux of Na24 from prelabeled ghosts was measured under various conditions. Prelabeling was accomplished by hypotonic hemolysis of intact human cells in the presence of tracer Na24. The resultant ghosts when subsequently washed were found to retain 10 to 20 per cent of the initial Na24. Separate experiments indicated that this trapped amount resides in only a portion of ghosts comprising the total population. The characteristics of the outflux of this residual Na24 indicated that the ghost system closely resembles intact red cells. The outflux of Na from ghosts could be divided into three components: active and passive transport and exchange diffusion. The active transport system, necessarily driven by metabolism, required the presence of K in the extracellular phase and was blocked by strophanthidin. The concentration dependence of the Na pump flux on the external K and internal Na appeared the same in ghosts as in intact cells. Certain other features of this ghost system are also discussed.
The co-ordination of insulation of high-voltage electrical installations

When considering the requirements of insulation for high-voltage equipment there are a number of factors which must be taken into account; some of them affect the long-term life of the insulation, and others affect its performance only under abnormal stress of very short duration. As the result of the increasing knowledge of the behaviour of power systems, the characteristics of the various forms of insulation used in the construction of high-voltage equipment and improved techniques in testing, it is now possible to introduce into apparatus specifications clauses which deal much more specifically with insulation requirements than in the past. Many specifications which are being reviewed at present are incorporating new requirements for the performance of insulation. It is the object of the paper to consider in general terms the system characteristics which affect the choice of insulation, to assess the various over-voltages which may be imposed upon apparatus, to consider the different forms of overvoltage protection which are available, and to offer guidance on the selection of insulation for the usual applications covered by national and international specifications.
Metabolic Labeling Reveals Proteome Dynamics of Mouse Mitochondria

Mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with many human diseases. Mitochondrial damage is exacerbated by inadequate protein quality control and often further contributes to pathogenesis. The maintenance of mitochondrial functions requires a delicate balance of continuous protein synthesis and degradation, i.e. protein turnover. To understand mitochondrial protein dynamics in vivo, we designed a metabolic heavy water (2H2O) labeling strategy customized to examine individual protein turnover in the mitochondria in a systematic fashion. Mice were fed with 2H2O at a minimal level (
Impact of Medicaid Preferred Drug Lists on Therapeutic Adherence

Objective: To estimate rates of non-adherence for statins following implementation of a preferred drug list (PDL).
Thresholding implemented in the frequency domain

Image processing procedures are usually carried out in the spatial domain where the images are acquired and presented/utilized. The linear nature of the Fourier transform allows only those operations that are linear to be mapped into the frequency domain. In contrast, nonlinear operations and manipulations cannot be realized directly in the frequency domain. One of these nonlinear operations is thresholding. When operating in the spatial domain to segment image contents into object and background, thresholding is simple and efficient. However, it has no obvious representation in the frequency domain and cannot be carried out there in a straightforward fashion. In this paper, a means to relax the rigid linear limitation of the Fourier transform was investigated. A novel approach was established to achieve spatial thresholding using only frequency domain operations. The spatial grayscale or scalar data set (two-dimensional (2-D) image or three-dimensional (3-D) volume) was expanded into a binary volume in hyperspace having one more dimension than the original data set. The extended dimension is the gray level of the original data. Manipulating only on that dimension produces the effect of thresholding.
Low cost fuel cell inverter system for residential power generation

The high installation cost is the major obstacle of the commercialization of the solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) for distributed power generation. This paper presents a new low cost 10 kW inverter system to overcome this obstacle. The proposed system consists of an isolated DC-DC converter to boost the fuel cell voltage to 400 V DC and a PWM inverter with filter to convert the DC voltage to two split-phase 120 V AC. The DC-DC converter uses phase shifting to control power flow through a transformer with a MOSFET full bridge on the low voltage side and a voltage doubter on the high voltage side. One IPM is used to realize the voltage doubter and the DC-AC inverter. Compared to the existing fuel cell inverter systems, the proposed circuit has low cost, less component count, smaller size, and reduced DC-DC converter peak current. Simulation and experimental results are demonstrated.
Vaccination of Cats with Attenuated Feline Immunodeficiency Virus Proviral DNA Vaccine Expressing Gamma Interferon

A feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) provirus with a vif gene deletion (FIVΔvifATGγ) that coexpresses feline gamma interferon (IFN-γ) was tested as a proviral DNA vaccine to extend previous studies showing efficacy with an FIV-pPPRΔvif DNA vaccine. Cats were vaccinated with either FIVΔvifATGγ or FIV-pPPRΔvif proviral plasmid DNA or with both FIV-pPPRΔvif DNA and a feline IFN-γ expression plasmid (pCDNA-IFNγ). A higher frequency of FIV-specific T-cell proliferation responses was observed in cats immunized with either FIVΔvifATGγ or FIV-pPPRΔvif plus pCDNA-IFNγ, while virus-specific cytotoxic-T-lymphocyte responses were comparable between vaccine groups. Antiviral antibodies were not observed postvaccination. Virus-specific cellular and humoral responses were similar between vaccine groups after challenge with a biological FIV isolate (FIV-PPR) at 13 weeks postimmunization. All vaccinated and unvaccinated cats were infected after FIV-PPR challenge and exhibited similar plasma virus loads. Accordingly, inclusion of plasmids containing IFN-γ did not enhance the efficacy of FIV-pPPRΔvif DNA immunization. Interestingly, the lack of protection associated with FIV-pPPRΔvif DNA immunization contrasted with findings from a previous study and suggested that multiple factors, including timing of FIV-pPPRΔvif inoculations and challenge, as well as route of challenge virus delivery, may significantly impact vaccine efficacy.
Aneurysms related to cerebral arteriovenous malformations: superselective angiographic assessment in 58 patients.

PURPOSE To report the comprehensive superselective angiographic characteristics of aneurysms associated with cerebral arteriovenous malformations. METHOD One hundred consecutive patients referred for cerebral arteriovenous malformation embolization underwent preembolization superselective angiography. Superselective angiograms were obtained after microcatheterization of arteriovenous malformation pedicles, and assessed for number and location of aneurysms related to the malformation. A chi 2 test was conducted to correlate these parameters with the onset of intracranial hemorrhage. RESULTS Aneurysms were demonstrated in 58 of 100 patients. Single aneurysms were found in 24 patients and multiple aneurysms in 34. Presence and number of aneurysms were found to correlate significantly with a clinical presentation of hemorrhage. CONCLUSION Superselective angiography was found to be of paramount importance in elucidating the precise and detailed angioarchitecture of brain arteriovenous malformations.
Massive parallelism for massive data applications

The authors examine the forms of parallel processing that will evolve to meet the demands of applications involving massive amounts of data. This situation is to be distinguished from more common forms of massive computing such as massive processing of a limited amount of data, or serial processing of a massive amount of data. Parallel processing will very likely become dominant in the next decade. Many of the problems addressed involve both massive amounts of data and massive amounts of parallel computation. >
Precomputed motion maps for unstructured motion capture

We present in this paper a solution for extracting high-quality motions from unstructured motion capture databases at interactive rates. The proposed solution is based on automatically-built motion graphs, and offers two key contributions. First, we show how precomputed expansion trees (or motion maps) coupled with new heuristics and backtracking techniques are able to significantly improve the time taken to search for motions satisfying user constraints. Second, we show that when feature-based transitions are employed for constructing the underlying motion graph, the connectivity of motion maps is greatly increased, allowing the overall method to perform search and synthesis at interactive frame rates. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach with the problem of extracting path-following motions around obstacles from a motion graph structure at interactive performances.
Dietary Glycemic Index and Obesity

Obesity is among the most important medical problems in America today. Currently, approximately 1 in 4 children and 1 in 2 adults are overweight, prevalence rates that have increased by 50% since the 1960s. In an attempt to combat this problem, the Federal government and various official medical agencies have advocated decreasing intake of total fat and sugar, while increasing consumption of "complex carbohydrate." Despite a recent reduction in fat consumption to near the recommended 30% of total energy, rates of obesity have continued to rise, suggesting that other dietary factors may play a critical role in body weight regulation. One such factor may be glycemic index. This review examines the physiologic effects of glycemic index and argues for the need for controlled clinical trials of a low glycemic index diet in the treatment of obesity.