cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Fast Navier Stokes Flow Simulation Tool Forimage Based CFD

The objective of this paper is to present a fast parallel incompressible Navier Stokes (NS) simulator that has enough versatility to apply to various endovascular situations with ease in medical image integration. Our long term goal is to bring NS simulation to surgeons as an additional routine image modality that can complement existing medical imaging channels. Given a medical image describing the geometry of an artery, we are able to simulate the blood flow through an artery close to clinical conditions. To achieve this goal, our interface relies on the combination of the L2 penalty method to deal with complex geometry for solving the NS equations. We present here a high performance portable domain decomposition solver based on a tuning of the fastest linear solver depending on the subdomain and the processor architecture. This paper provides a detailed proof of concept in the two dimensional case. The three dimensional results will be reported in a companion paper.
DETECTION OF IMMUNOMAGNETICALLY CAPTURED, 4′,6‐DIAMIDINO‐2‐PHENYLINDOLE (DAPI)‐LABELED E. COLI O157:H7 BY FLUORESCENT MICROSCOPE IMAGING

Live cells of E. coli O157:H7 were treated with 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI), a nucleic acid stain, for observation by epifluorescent microscopy. The treated bacteria, which exhibited minimal growth activity and partially retained respiratory function, were captured by goat anti-E. coli O157 serum coated on the surface of polystyrene based immunomagnetic beads (IMB). The beads with captured bacteria were then concentrated by magnetic separators. The efficiency of this magnetic concentration step was less than that of using high speed centrifugation. The antibody-captured and IMB-immobilized bacteria were then applied on HF-treated, bovine serum albumin (BSA)-coated microscope slides mounted on an automated stage, and magnetically aligned before fluorescence distribution was measured by a cooled CCD attached to an inverted microscope. Since the beads were concentrated and linearly aligned along the edge of the magnetic field, image capture along the edge for a few field widths was sufficient to account for most of captured bacteria. This approach could reduce the enumeration time for and increase the efficiency of bacteria counting by manual efforts. The developed procedure of capturing, concentrating and enumerating E. coli O157:H7 exhibited a similar applicability in buffer, pork carcass wash solution and apple juice as described in this study. The presence of about 100 cells/mL of the bacteria could be detected in 30 min with developed procedure.
Proton stripping to 14N

Abstract The 13 C( 3 He, d) reaction at a beam energy of 43.6 MeV was used to examine levels of 14 N up to 11.7 MeV over an angular region including the main stripping peaks. Many spectroscopic factors were determined reliably for known states and found to be mostly in good agreement with calculations for the stronger levels. Several new spin or parity assignments are made at high excitation.
French ‘Islamic’ Policy and Practice in Late Nineteenth-Century Senegal

In contrast to the negative conclusions reached by Donal Cruise O'Brien, it is here argued that the French, in the last half of the nineteenth century, maintained an Islamic policy. They practised some of it all of the time and all of it when they had the human and financial resources. They consistently opposed the Islamic state where it conflicted with their own political and economic interests. They identified it with their old nemesis of Futa Toro and the Tokolor, and then with the Tijaniyya. This attitude can be contrasted with a much more tolerant disposition towards the established monarchies, with whom thay coexisted for a much longer time and upon whom they relied to supply the cadre of chiefs.In the case of Umar, the French confronted a jihad that was launched before they began their own expansion in the upper valley, but they contained its influence. They quarantined the Wolof areas and pushed the Umarian state to the margins of their sphere of influence. By allowing much of the younger generation of Tokolor to depart, they turned the preaching of hijra to their own advantage. The French opposed the efforts of Ma Bâ to move into the heart of the peanut basin and the campaigns of the Madiyankobe to block the river trade or disrupt cultivation in Cayor. As soon as Mamadu Lamin mobilized for jihad they responded by driving him out of their gateway to expansion.
Deep Brain Stimulation and Epilepsy

Abstract Since the pioneer efforts by Cooper et al. to control epilepsy by chronic cerebellar stimulation, numerous attempts have been made to influence seizure frequency and severity by stimulation of several deep-seated brain nuclei, particularly the thalamus and the limbic structures. Evidence that seizures can be influenced by vagal nerve stimulation and the growing use of deep brain stimulation (DBS) in patients with Parkinson's disease and tremor, has rekindled the interest of controlling seizures by deep brain stimulation. In this manuscript, the experimental evidence supporting the existence of a nigral control of epilepsy (NCE) system is discussed. In addition, preliminary evidence in humans with the effect of subthalamic nucleus (STN) stimulation on pharmacologically resistant epilepsy is presented.
Microsomal oxidation of tribromoethylene and reactions of tribromoethylene oxide.

Halogenated olefins are of interest because of their widespread use in industry and their potential toxicity to humans. Epoxides are among the enzymatic oxidation products and have been studied in ...
Peripheral assessment of phenylephrine-induced vasoconstriction by laser Doppler flowmetry and its potential relevance to homeostatic mechanisms.

BACKGROUNDCutaneous laser Doppler flowmetry enables monitoring of changes in skin perfusion by quantifying the phase shift of laser light induced by moving red blood cells under a fiberoptic probe. It thus can identify the presence of and response to a vasoconstrictive stimulus. However, aspects of the technique must be defined before it can be used with maximum effectiveness. We evaluated the responses of two different laser Doppler outputs, the concentration of moving blood cells (CMBC) and red cell flux (CMBC times cell velocity), and the responses at two sites of probe application, the finger and forearm, during systemic infusions of phenylephrine.METHODS AND RESULTSEight healthy volunteers were monitored with a brachial blood pressure cuff, ECG, and laser Doppler flowmeter probes applied to the palmar surface of the fourth finger and volar forearm of the arm opposite the pressure cuff. After baseline readings were obtained, the subjects received three 10-minute intravenous infusions of phenylephrine ...
"It's the Net, Stupid"

Devices on the Internet of all kinds benefit both from their connectivity and their ability to interact with large-scale computational resources that form part of the Internet ecosystem. Internet-based systems can manage networked devices, record and analyze their activities, and improve our ability to visualize the operation of large-scale aggregations of Internet-enabled systems
A strong regularity condition on mappings

Abstract A strong regularity condition is given which generalizes the notion of a completely regular mapping defined by Dyer and Hamstrom. These mappings are shown to be fiber spaces of various types with some additional hypotheses. Strongly regular mappings on manifolds whose point inverses are ANR or AR are considered. For example, it is shown that with AR fibers the map is either a homeomorphism or the manifold has boundary which meets all non- degenerate point inverses.
Distributed moment histogram: A neurophysiology based method of agonist and antagonist trunk muscle activity prediction

A neurocortical-based technique of muscle recruitment is presented to solve the muscle indeterminacy problem for lumbar torso modeling. Cortical recordings from behaving primates have established motor cortex cells that respond to a wide range of task directions, but are tuned to a preferred direction. A characteristic activity pattern of these neurons seems to be associated with effort direction. It was hypothesized that a model which recruits muscles based on a similar distribution would predict antagonistic muscle activity with greater realism than a widely referenced optimization formulation. The predictions of the Distributed Moment Histogram (DMH) method were evaluated under common speed (< 30 degrees s-1) sagittal plane lifting conditions using five subjects. The predicted forces showed high correspondence with agonist and antagonist myoelectric patterns. The mean coefficient of determination for the erector spinae was r2 = 0.91, and 0.41 for the latissimus. For the antagonistic muscles, the rectus abdominus was found to be electrically silent (< 3% MVC) and no activity was predicted by the method. The external oblique muscle was observed to be minimally active (< 16% MVC), and the DMH method predicted its mostly constant activity with a mean standard error of 1.6% MVC. The realistic antagonistic predictions supported the hypothesis and justify this cortical based technique as an alternative for muscle tension estimation in biomechanical torso modeling. A primary advantage of this method is its computational simplicity and direct physiologic analog.
Is intraperitoneal dextran 70 safe for routine gynecologic use

The routine use of intraperitoneal 32% dextran 70 has been suggested as an adjuvant to prevent postsurgical pelvic adhesions. Two hundred thirty-four women received an antiadhesion regimen consisting of intraperitoneal 32% dextran 70, dexamethasone, and promethazine. Ten women (4%) experienced spontaneous leakage of the dextran-peritoneal fluid mixture through their abdominal incisions. Painless bilateral swelling of the labia was noted in 18 women (8%). Mild abdominal bloating and weight gain of from 2.5 to 11 pounds were common. No anaphylactic reactions, peritonitis, or wound infections were experienced by any woman. Intraperitoneal dextran 70 appears to be a safe, well-tolerated antiadhesion adjuvant for routine use in gynecologic operations.
Occurrence of Alfalfa mosaic virus in Soybean in Tennessee.

Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV), a member of the genus Alfamovirus in the family Bromoviridae, naturally infects a wide range of plant species (1). Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) has seldom been reported as a natural host of AMV and there are limited reports of detection of AMV in field-grown soybean plants (4). However, AMV incidence in soybean fields in the midwestern United States has been on the rise in recent years, which is partly attributed to the introduction of the soybean aphid (Aphis glycines) (1,4). In June 2009, soybean plants of cv. Lee68 exhibiting moderate leaf distortion, mottling, and stunting were observed at the East Tennessee Research and Education Center. Leaf samples from 18 symptomatic plants were collected and the sap was extracted and analyzed by antigen-coated indirect ELISA (3) with polyclonal antibodies against AMV, Soybean mosaic virus (SMV), and Bean pod mottle virus (BPMV). None of the samples tested positive for BPMV, but all were found to be infected with SMV. Sap extract fr...
Calculation of activity coefficients and degrees of formation of neutral ion pairs in supercritical electrolyte solutions

Although hydrothermal solutions at high temperatures and low pressures where the solution density is low are widely regarded as highly associated alkali chloride solutions in which neutral ion pairs are the predominant solute species, reconsideration in the present study of experimental conductance data reported by Quist and Marshall ( 1968a,b,c), Dunn and Marshall (1969) and Frantz and Marshall (1984) for 1:1 electrolytes suggests that this may not be the case.1 Quist, Marshall, and their coworkers interpreted their high temperature/pressure conductance data in part by considering the activity coefficients of the neutral species to be negligibly different from unity in dilute solutions. However, these data can also be interpreted by regarding the logarithm of the activity coefficients of neutral complexes (\ggn) to be a linear function of the effective ionic strength (I), which is consistent with both the SetchEnow (1892) and HUckel (1925) equations (Helgeson et al., 1981). Accordingly, supercritical conductance data for five electrolytes were regressed in the present study using the HUckel (1925), SetchEnow (1892), and Shedlovsky (1938) equations, together with the law of mass action and values of the limiting equivalent conductances of the electrolytes taken from Oelkers and Helgeson (1989) for the temperatures and pressures of the experiments to generate simultaneously the logarithms of dissociation constants (log K1) and Setchenow coefficients (bγ,n) for neutral 1:1 complexes. The resulting values of log K1 are in close agreement with corresponding values originally reported by Marshall and coworkers. However, the regression calculations indicate that bγ,n and thus the activity coefficients of neutral species in concentrated electrolyte solutions increase dramatically with increasing temperature and decreasing pressure, which opposes the effect on ion pair formation of the accompanying decrease in log K1. Distribution of species calculations using these values of log K1 and bγ,n with and without provision for the formation of triple ions (Oelkers and Helgeson, 1990) indicate that the degrees of formation of neutral 1:1 ion pairs maximize at stoichiometric ionic strengths of ~0.2 molal and become negligible at stoichiometric ionic strengths greater than ~0.8 molal in the temperature range 400 to 800°C at pressures to 4 kb. Consequently, it appears that these neutral species may account for only a minor part of the solute in concentrated hydrothermal solutions at supercritical temperatures and pressures.
Cosmogenic rare gas production rates in chondritic meteorites

Abstract Comparison of chondrite radiation ages directly measured by either 3 He/ 3 H or 38 Ar/ 39 Ar with those calculated on the basis of the most recent estimation of 3 He and 21 Ne constant production rates leads to the conclusion that these constant rates are too high by a factor ∼ 1.75.
Is Participation in Green Service Programs Good Business for Retailers? An Exploratory Study of Used Oil Recycling

Programs designed to conserve natural resources, reduce consumption of materials that adversely affect the environment, and increase recycling have been the subject of much debate concerning their value. A central issue is whether the “green is good” concept is good for both society and business. This study assessed whether automobile parts stores can offer a used oil recycling service to generate customer patronage and goodwill. The study found that do-it-yourselfers represent an attractive market in terms of their demographic characteristics, frequency of patronage and spending, and that this service has some sustainability because it is good for business.
A comparative evaluation of intubating doses of atracurium, d-tubocurarine, pancuronium and vecuronium in children.

To determine the onset and recovery times and haemodynamic effects of intubating doses of atracurium (0.4 mg.kg-1), d-tubocurarine (0.8 mg.kg-1), pancuronium (0.12 mg.kg-1), and vecuronium (0.07 mg.kg-1), sixty-seven children aged one to eight years were studied under halothane and nitrous oxide anaesthesia. The time to maximum twitch depression and the time to recovery to T1/Tc 25 per cent were recorded with an integrated evoked EMG recorder. The heart rate and systolic blood pressure were recorded for five minutes after drug administration and prior to intubation. There was no difference in onset times between drugs. The recovery time to T1/Tc 25 per cent following vecuronium (25.5 +/- 6.3 min) was shorter than following atracurium (37.5 +/- 7.0 min). Recovery times for d-tubocurarine and pancuronium were greater than sixty minutes. Elevation of heart rate occurred after administration of pancuronium (+29.8 per cent to +38.6 per cent) and d-tubocurarine (+31 per cent to +34.9 per cent), but no change was observed after atracurium or vecuronium. Elevation of blood pressure was greatest following pancuronium (+10.8 to +14.8 per cent). No significant change was observed following atracurium or vecuronium. A transient lowering of blood pressure (-9.3 per cent) occurred following d-tubocurarine.
Vector-channel lattice filters for the delta operator: complete derivation

In this paper, the complete derivation of the vector-channel-lattice filter algorithm for least-squares estimation of an input/output model based on the delta operator is presented. Algorithms for residual errors and the auto regressive coefficients are presented also.
Engagement, Denial, and Treatment Progress Among Sex Offenders in Group Therapy

This study investigates the relationship between engagement, denial, and treatment progress among a sample of 61 male sex offenders in outpatient group therapy. Three hypotheses were posed: (1) that denial is inversely related to engagement in group therapy; (2) that denial is inversely related to treatment progress, and (3) that engagement is correlated with treatment progress. Results revealed a strong correlation between engagement in group therapy, measured by the Group Engagement Measure, and sex offender treatment progress, assessed by the Sex Offender Treatment Rating Scale. Denial, measured by the Facets of Sexual Offender Denial Scale, demonstrated a strong inverse relationship to treatment progress. Engagement and denial were also strongly inversely related. Together, engagement and denial explained a significant amount of the variance in treatment progress. The findings provide support for current standards of practice that maintain that admitting to a sex crime is a necessary condition for progress and engagement in treatment. Strategies for increasing engagement and treatment progress, and reducing denial, are discussed.
Transdermal drug delivery: progress and challenges

Abstract There are a number of advantages associated with transdermal drug delivery. With this route of administration, it is possible to avoid pain and presystemic metabolism. In addition, pharmacokinetic profile of the drug is more uniform with fewer peaks and troughs. However, the outermost layer of the skin. the stratum corneum. constitutes a strong barrier making it difficult for permeants to cross the skin at clinically relevant rates. This review examines progress made over the last 4 decades and challenges ahead. Over this period, about 35 transdermal products have been approved by regulatory authorities. About 19 drugs have been formulated into transdermal patches and approved by the Food and Drug Administration. The main challenge lies with the formulation of macromolecules- proteins, small interfering RNA and other products of biotechnology into transdermal delivery systems. This challenge is being met with approaches such as microneedles, iontophoresis, sonophoresis and electroporation.
Bloch electron in a step-like electric potential

Abstract It is shown that in the case of an infinite crystal the model of a Bloch electron in a rational step-like electric potential is not equivalent to a one-band approximation, in contradiction to reports in the literature. Instead, such a potential has effects similar to those of a uniform electric field, which it approaches as the steps become smaller.
MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING OF OCULAR AND ORBITAL DISEASE IN 5 DOGS AND A CAT

Magnetic resonance (MR) images were acquired in five dogs and one cat with ocular and orbital disease. MR images were obtained in the dorsal or oblique dorsal, and oblique sagittal planes. Pathologic changes identified in MR images included inflammatory lesions, cystic structures, and neoplasms. All abnormalities were readily apparent in TI-weighted images. MR findings in affected animals were often similar in signal intensity, location, and growth pattern to those found in people with comparable diseases. Although no MR changes were considered pathognomonic for a given disease, MR imaging provided detailed information on the homogeneity, extent and invasiveness of the lesions.
Effects of nightly clonidine administration on growth velocity in short children without growth hormone deficiency: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

Children with short stature, slowed linear growth velocity, and delayed skeletal maturation may secrete growth hormone (GH) normally in response to provocative stimuli but may also have spontaneous undersecretion of GH. Orally administered clonidine, an α 2 -adrenergic agonist, is a potent acute stimulator of growth hormone releasing hormone-mediated pituitary GH release. We performed a double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study of nightly oral clonidine therapy (0.1 mg/m 2 ) in 10 short, slowly growing, non-GH-deficient (stimulated GH level >15 μ g/L) prepubertal boys (range, 6.1 to 12.2 years; mean height standard deviation score, −2.3±0.4). Results of 6 months of clonidine therapy were compared with the results of 6 months of placebo therapy; GH responsiveness was subsequently assessed in 7 of 10 patients. Growth velocity (4.9±0.6 cm/yr baseline) was not improved by clonidine (4.6±1.2 cm/yr) or placebo (5.2±1.2 cm/yr), but it increased ( p
1626 PHYSIOLOGICAL CORRELATES OF INTERSTITIAL LUNG DISEASE (ILI)) IN CHILDREN: OXYGEN DESATURATION (DeSaO 2 ) DURING EXERCISE

Young children with ILD may be uncooperative or too ill to perform meaningful tests of pulmonary function. We have evaluated children with ILD using pre, during (DUR), and post exercise (EX) stress ear oximetry (SaO2) and other more routine tests of pulmonary function. Responses in children with ILD, healthy children (CON), those with bronchial asthma (BA), and cystic fibrosis (CF) were compared. * all values represent averages ** standard error of the mean Exercise produced significant DeSaO2 (PRE-DUR) in the ILD, CF, and control groups. The control group DeSaO2 response was minimal. The ILD group exhibited the greatest changes. The alterations in the CF subjects were intermediate in degree. Desaturation responses during exercise clearly separated the ILD group from the others and correlated well with low FVC (R2=.60). Post EX SaO2 values promptly returned to near baseline in most children. We have found DeSaO2 during exercise to be a sensitive, and reproducible test of ILD in children.
Ultrafine Aluminum Oxide Powder Prepared by Chemical Vapor Deposition of Trimethylaluminum

Ultrafine aluminum oxide powder in the size range 5–150 nm has been successfully synthesized by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (CVD) using the reaction between trimethyl aluminum (TMAl) and oxygen. With increase in growth temperature, the rate of particle formation increased and particle size decreased. As-synthesized powders were amorphous with hydrocarbon impurity from partially reacted TMAl. Some γ phase was also present in as-synthesized powder grown at higher temperatures. On annealing, the amorphous phase transformed to γ phase above 1000° C and then to a phase via the θ phase above 1200° C. The a phase was associated with particle coalescence and was sized at 50–200 nm.
Technical Note: Rapid Detection and Quantification of Microbes Related to Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion Using Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction

Abstract Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assays were developed to detect and quantify bacteria and some critical sub-populations related to gas and oil pipeline corrosion. The 16S rRN...
Comparative Analysis of International Education Systems

International comparisons of educational systems are commonly practiced using subjective methods available in literature. The use of subjective methods can lead to non-standard ranking; each individual investigator inputs his or her own subjective judgment when assigning weights to measurements in each class. The complied results differ with large variations. A mathematical evaluation method based on concept of Paretooptimal organization is proposed for this study. This method is easy to apply and uses linear programming model. The weights for various measurements are determined through an objective method. We illustrate our methodology in a comparison of the educational systems of twenty-one industrialized countries.
Very high temperature laminar flow of a gas through the entrance region of a cooled tube - Numerical calculations and experimental results.

The laminar flow equations in differential form are solved numerically on a digital computer for flow of a very high temperature gas through the entrance region of an externally cooled tube. The solution method is described and calculations are carried out in conjunction with experimental measurements. The agreement with experiment is good, with the result indicating relatively large energy and momentum losses in the highly cooled flows considered where the pressure is nearly uniform along the flow and the core flow becomes non-adiabatic a few diameters downstream of the inlet. The effects of a large range of Reynolds number and Mach number (viscous dissipation) are also investigated.
The contribution of serine residues 1588 and 1755 to phosphorylation of the type I inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor by PKA and PKG.

Abstract Type I inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors can be phosphorylated by cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) and cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG). To define the site-specificity of these events we analyzed the phosphorylation of mutant receptors expressed in intact cells. These studies showed that S 1588 and S 1755 , the serine residues within kinase consensus sequences, are equally sensitive to PKA, that phosphorylation events at these sites are independent of each other, and that PKG predominantly phosphorylates S 1588 . These findings provide the basis for understanding the functional consequences of type I inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor phosphorylation.
A bilateral approach to the analysis of turbulent flow in an annulus

Abstract An approximate solution method for determining local time-mean velocities for fully developed turbulent, axial, upward flow through a concentric annulus is presented. This new treatment employs both the phenomenological approach of von Karman's similarity hypothesis and the statistical aspect of turbulent structure. The statistical microstructural measurements of the Reynolds stresses are incorporated in a proposed “universal function”. The success of this bilateral approach is attested by the good agreement between predicted and experimental values for the velocity in a developed turbulent flow within an annulus of small radius ratio. With the aid of the “universal function”, the applicability of the von Karman similarity theory to turbulent shear flow in annuli is demonstrated and, indeed, further appreciated. Possible extension to include turbulent flow through eccentric annuli and multirod channels is indicated.
Decreased Phosphorylation of the Gap Junction Protein Connexin43 and Increased Anisotropy of Conduction as a Consequence of Myofilament Ca2+ Sensitization

Increased myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity is associated with an increased susceptibility for arrhythmias, as previously demonstrated in mice expressing Ca2+ sensitizing troponin T (TnT-I79N) mutations and after acute application of the Ca2+ sensitizer EMD57033. We hypothesized that the arrhythmia risk is increased due to altered regulation of connexin43 (Cx43), subsequently leading to a slowing of cardiac conduction.Methods: Fast (longitudinal) and slow (lateral) conduction velocity (CV) was calculated using epi-fluorescence maps from isolated hearts by plotting local CVs against orientation. Phosphorylated Cx43 (P1, P2) from these hearts migrated slower in SDS PAGE and at least three distinct bands could be separated (P0,P1,P2).Results: The lateral CV, but not the longitudinal CV, was significantly reduced in TnT-I79N mice compared to control (16.9±0.8 cm/s (n = 11) vs. 21.5±1.4 cm/s (n = 11) respectively, p<0.05). As a direct consequence the anisotropy of conduction (fast/slow) was increased in TnT-I79N hearts (to 3.2±0.2 vs 2.3±0.1 in control). This change in CV was associated with decreased Cx43 phosphorylation (un-phosphorylated P0-Cx43 increased to 146±20% of control, p<0.05). Blebbistatin, a Ca2+ desensitizer and contractile uncoupler, prevented ventricular arrhythmias in TnT-I79N hearts. Strikingly, blebbistatin also prevented the increase in anisotropy and the decrease in Cx43 phosphorylation, while it had no effect in control hearts. Conversely, acutely increasing Ca2+ sensitivity with EMD decreased Cx43 phosphorylation (P0-Cx43 491± 147%, n = 4, p< 0.05) and rapidly slowed lateral conduction velocity (to 18.2±1.3 vs 22.9±1.1 cm/s in control, p<0.05) thereby increasing anisotropy (to 2.64±0.1 vs 2.17±0.07 in control) and rendered control hearts susceptible to arrhythmia induction.Conclusion: These data suggest that decreased Cx43 phosphorylation and increased conduction anisotropy is at least in part responsible for the increased arrhythmia susceptibility associated with myofilament Ca2+ sensitization.
New Modes of Productivity for Student Learning

Productivity strategies such as delegating instruction to computers, minimizing redundant course taking, and the like may not work. To enhance the productivity of today's students, this chapter recommends that institutions take five steps: delineate learning goals, assess student performance, understand how to achieve learning with the particular student population, consider options for increasing productivity, and ensure institutionwide support.
Rewarding Excellence and Efficiency in Medicare Payments

Medicare could become an innovative leader in using financial incentives to reward health care providers for providing excellent and efficient care throughout a patient's illness. This article examines the variations in cost and quality in the provision of episodes of care and describes how a pay-for-performance payment system could be designed to narrow those variations and serve as a transition to a new Medicare payment policy that would align physicians' incentives with improvements in both quality and efficiency. In particular, Medicare could stimulate greater efficiency by developing new payment methods that are neither pure fee-for-service nor pure capitation, beginning with a pay-for-performance payment system that rewards quality and efficiency and moving to a blended fee-for-service and case-rate system.
Age and petrogenesis of the Sarmiento ophiolite complex of southern Chile

Zircon fi'aetions separated from fine-grained plagiogranitas, interpreted to be eogenetic with the marie rocks of the Sarmiento ophiolite complex in southern Chile, yield slightly to grossly discordant age patterns for which the lower eoneordia intercept U-Pb ages of 140.7 :t: 0.7 Ma (Lolos Fjord) and 137.1 + 0.6 Ma (Eneuentro Fjord) are well constrained. These dates are interpreted as formation ages foe the northern portion of the igneous floor of the Rocas Verdes basin, and they are yotmger than the age of 150 Ma determined for a more southern portion of the floor of this basin on South Georgia Island. Coarse-gained trondhjemites within the gabbro units of the Sarmiento complex yield a lower eoneordia intercept U-Pb age of 147 + 10 Ma and a poorly defined upper intercept reflecting an inherited zircon component, possibly of Proterozoie age. These rocks are inter- preted as remobilized fragments of country rocks entrapped within the essentially mantle-derived rocks of the ophiolite complex. Resumen--Fraeeiones de zire6n separadas de plagiogranitos de grano fino, que han sido interpretados eorno eogen6tiec, con las roeas m/dieos del Complejo OfiolRieo Sarmiento en el sur de Chile, arrojan patrones de edades levemente a fuertemente diseor- dantes para las euales el valores de interseeei6n de la eoneordia inferior de edades U-Pb eat/m bien definidos y eorresponden a 140.7 + 0.7Ma(FjordoLolo s)y 137.1 + 0.6Ma(FjordoEneuentro).Eatasedadesseinterpretaneomoedadesdeformac6n de la zona norte del rondo fgneo de la euenea de Rocas Verdas y son mils j6venes que la edad de 150 Ma determinada para la zona sur del foodo de esta euenea en la Isla South Georgia. Trondjomitas de grano grt~su dentro de la unidad de gabro del Complejo Sarmiento entregan una interseeci6n de la eonordia inferior de edades U-Pb de 147:1:10 May un valor de interseeci6n superior debilmente definido, posiblemente reflejando una componente de zirc6n heredada de edad Prnterizoica. Estas rneas se interpretan eomo fragmentos removilizedos de la reea de eaja, atrapados en recas ofiolftieas derivadas esencialemente del manto.
Structural Features Required for the Interaction of the Hsp70 Molecular Chaperone DnaK with Its Cochaperone DnaJ

Hsp70 family members together with their Hsp40 cochaperones function as molecular chaperones, using an ATP-controlled cycle of polypeptide binding and release to mediate protein folding. Hsp40 plays a key role in the chaperone reaction by stimulating the ATPase activity and activating the substrate binding of Hsp70. We have explored the interaction between the Escherichia coli Hsp70 family member, DnaK, and its cochaperone partner DnaJ. Our data show that the binding of ATP, subsequent conformational changes in DnaK, and DnaJ-stimulated ATP hydrolysis are all required for the formation of a DnaK-DnaJ complex as monitored by Biacore analysis. In addition, our data imply that the interaction of the J-domain with DnaK depends on the substrate binding state of DnaK.
Marine trophic levels targeted between AD 300 and 1500 on the Georgia coast, USA

The marine trophic levels targeted during Swift Creek (AD 300e700) and Savannah (AD 1200e1500) occupations at the Cathead Creek site (9Mc360) and at two sites from the Kings Bay Locality (9CAM171a, 9CAM177), coastal Georgia, USA, differ in a consistent temporal and spatial pattern. Vertebrate and invertebrate remains from these three coastal sites contain similar suites of estuarine animals. However, Swift Creek peoples at these distinct hydrological settings obtained more biomass from fishes and less from molluscs compared to the subsequent Savannah occupants. The two Swift Creek faunal collections are less rich, more diverse, and more equitable than the two subsequent Savannah collections regardless of location. Furthermore, the mean trophic level is higher in the Swift Creek collections compared to the Savannah ones at both locations. These observations apply to both biomass and Minimum Number of Individuals. These differences likely are defining characteristics distinguishing the Swift Creek and the Savannah economies. More research is needed to determine the extent to which these temporal and spatial patterns are attributable to environmental and cultural variables. 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Binding of Dihydrostreptomycin to Escherichia coli Ribosomes: Kinetics of the Reaction

Investigations were carried out on the binding of dihydrostreptomycin to purified (and reassociated) 70 S ribosomes and 30 S subunits from streptomycin-susceptible strains, and the results were compared with those of similar studies with native (run-off) 70 S ribosomes. At 0 C, only a small fraction of purified 70 S ribosomes and 30 S sub-units bound 1 molecule of the antibiotic tightly, and at a rate comparable to the binding occurring with native 70 S ribosomes. At temperatures of 10 C and above, there was a temperature-dependent increase in the extent of antibiotic binding to purified 70 S and 30 S particles up to a maximum of 1 molecule/ribosomal particle, but the kinetics of binding was slow in comparison to that taking place at 0 C. These and other results suggest that a major fraction of 30 S subunits and purified (or reassociated) 70 S ribosomes are inactive in binding the antibiotic. This has been localized to an instability of the free 30 S subunit, which in solution at 0 C has a half-life of 5 hr or less. Inactive 30 S or 70 S particles could be thermally activated, with the latter being identical in their streptomycin-binding properties to native 70 S ribosomes. The activation kinetics were slow in comparison to the binding kinetics for the antibiotic and were indicative of a conformational change in ribosomal structure. There thus appears to be a reversible transition between active and inactive forms of the ribosomal particles for streptomycin binding, but additional binding sites for the antibiotic are not created by the transitions. The active form of the 30 S subunit can be stabilized in the presence of polyuridylic acid, but much more effectively by association with the 50 S subunit to form a 70 S ribosome. The kinetics of dihydrostreptomycin binding were studied in both directions of the reaction, and the reaction in the direction of binding was found to be several orders of magnitude faster than that of the reverse, or debinding, direction. The kinetics of the exchange of bound dihydrostreptomycin with the free antibiotic were also determined and shown to have rate constants that are very similar to those of the debinding reaction, which is the rate-limiting step. It appears likely that the exchange reaction is proceeding via the same reaction pathway. The temperature dependence of the kinetics of dissociation of the bound complex was much greater than that in the direction of binding and accounted for most of the temperature dependence of the binding equilibrium. From the determined thermodynamic and activation parameters, it appears likely that binding of the antibiotic induces a conformational change in ribosomal structure to one that is less ordered than the native particle. Heterogeneity has been found in the kinetics of binding and of exchange, with a fraction of the 70 S population showing slower kinetics for both directions of the reaction.
Determining the Appropriate Development Impact Fee Using the Rational Nexus Test

Abstract In this article we review how local governments may apply the rational nexus test to attribute facility improvement costs to new development. We also discuss how to determine whether fee payers adequately benefit from the fees they pay, and how to calculate impact fees for water and sewer, road, park, and police facilities.
Henri Meschonnic aux États-Unis ? Un cas de non-traduction

Jusqu’a 2011, aucun des nombreux essais d’Henri Meschonnic n’avait ete traduit en anglais. Pourquoi? Pour repondre a cette question, il faut chercher a comprendre l’interet qu’il y avait a traduire les travaux de ses contemporains, en l’occurrence Antoine Berman et Jacques Derrida. Il apparait que les incitatifs a l’importation de produits intellectuels tiennent a l’interet de consolider une discipline et a l’interet que presente le potentiel d’interpretation de ceux-ci.
An application of text categorization methods to gene ontology annotation

This paper describes an application of IR and text categorization methods to a highly practical problem in biomedicine, specifically, Gene Ontology (GO) annotation. GO annotation is a major activity in most model organism database projects and annotates gene functions using a controlled vocabulary. As a first step toward automatic GO annotation, we aim to assign GO domain codes given a specific gene and an article in which the gene appears, which is one of the task challenges at the TREC 2004 Genomics Track. We approached the task with careful consideration of the specialized terminology and paid special attention to dealing with various forms of gene synonyms, so as to exhaustively locate the occurrences of the target gene. We extracted the words around the gene occurrences and used them to represent the gene for GO domain code annotation. As a classifier, we adopted a variant of k-Nearest Neighbor (kNN) with supervised term weighting schemes to improve the performance, making our method among the top-performing systems in the TREC official evaluation. Moreover, it is demonstrated that our proposed framework is successfully applied to another task of the Genomics Track, showing comparable results to the best performing system.
The photon circular polarisation in parity-violating thermal neutron-proton photocapture

Abstract Using dispersion techniques we show that the parity-violating γ-ray circular polarisation in thermal neutron-proton photocapture may be significantly enhanced by softening the two-nucleon strong force at short distances in a way consistent with current two-nucleon scattering data.
Human Bone Marrow–Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Treatment of Gliomas

The poor survival of patients with human malignant gliomas relates partly to the inability to deliver therapeutic agents to the tumor. Because it has been suggested that circulating bone marrow-derived stem cells can be recruited into solid organs in response to tissue stresses, we hypothesized that human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) may have a tropism for brain tumors and thus could be used as delivery vehicles for glioma therapy. To test this, we isolated hMSCs from bone marrow of normal volunteers, fluorescently labeled the cells, and injected them into the carotid artery of mice bearing human glioma intracranial xenografts (U87, U251, and LN229). hMSCs were seen exclusively within the brain tumors regardless of whether the cells were injected into the ipsilateral or contralateral carotid artery. In contrast, intracarotid injections of fibroblasts or U87 glioma cells resulted in widespread distribution of delivered cells without tumor specificity. To assess the potential of hMSCs to track human gliomas, we injected hMSCs directly into the cerebral hemisphere opposite an established human glioma and showed that the hMSCs were capable of migrating into the xenograft in vivo. Likewise, in vitro Matrigel invasion assays showed that conditioned medium from gliomas, but not from fibroblasts or astrocytes, supported the migration of hMSCs and that platelet-derived growth factor, epidermal growth factor, or stromal cell-derived factor-1alpha, but not basic fibroblast growth factor or vascular endothelial growth factor, enhanced hMSC migration. To test the potential of hMSCs to deliver a therapeutic agent, hMSCs were engineered to release IFN-beta (hMSC-IFN-beta). In vitro coculture and Transwell experiments showed the efficacy of hMSC-IFN-beta against human gliomas. In vivo experiments showed that treatment of human U87 intracranial glioma xenografts with hMSC-IFN-beta significantly increase animal survival compared with controls (P < 0.05). We conclude that hMSCs can integrate into human gliomas after intravascular or local delivery, that this engraftment may be mediated by growth factors, and that this tropism of hMSCs for human gliomas can be exploited to therapeutic advantage.
Robust Estimation and Fault Diagnostics for Aircraft Engines with Uncertain Model Data

The paper first presents a reasonably thorough tutorial type review of the literature in the area of fault diagnostics of dynamical systems. Then it summarizes the specific research being carried out by the author's group in aircraft engine parameter estimation and fault diagnostics. In turbine engines, performance parameters such as thrust, turbine inlet temperature and stall margins cannot be measured directly and thus there is a need to estimate them from the measured outputs. The engine dynamics is highly nonlinear and the traditional linear models used in Kalman filter based techniques are subject to large uncertainties. In this research, we develop an adaptive estimator that augments the linear Kalman filter with a neural network to compensate for any nonlinearity that is not handled by the linear filter. The neural network is a radial basis function network that is trained off line using a growing and pruning algorithm. Next, a contribution in fault diagnostics in aircraft engines is presented. Specifically, we present a fault detection algorithm which uses a dynamic/adaptive threshold. The algorithm takes the parameter uncertainties into consideration and proposes a dynamic/adaptive threshold that makes use of the bounds on the parameter uncertainties which can thus distinguish an actual fault from the model uncertainties. In the absence of faults, a predetermined constant threshold would lead to more false alarms and missed detections under modeling uncertainties. However, a dynamic/adaptive threshold can accommodate uncertainties in the model and help in reducing false alarms and missed detections. The proposed methodologies are demonstrated by applying it to the simulation model of an aircraft engine available in the literature. The simulation results clearly show the improved effectiveness of the proposed approaches of this research.
Design of embedded memory and logic based on pattern constructs

Design rules become ineffective for interfacing layout design and manufacturing when complex lithography sources are used for sub-20nm patterning. Experiments demonstrate feasibility of a construct-based design that facilitates control of process capabilities and captures layout dependent variations. Results for early 14nm patterning experiments are shown for logic and memory circuits.
Limitations to the assessment of reperfusion injury with radiolabeled 2-deoxyglucose.

To the Editor: Matsumura et al1 propose a new method to determine reperfusion injury in dog heart. The phosphorylation rate constant, k 3, for two 2-deoxyglucose moieties ([14C]2-DG and 18F-2-deoxy-2-fluro-D-glucose [FDG]) was compared with histological assessment of ischemic damage. The results suggest that a large portion of the infarcted myocardium loses viability during the first hours of reperfusion. If true, this would be the first demonstration of a bimodal time course of reperfusion injury in vivo. Two factors may have affected the interpretation of the results. First, the assumption is made that the total 14C radioactivity in each sample is proportional to the phosphorylation rate. However, the contribution of unphosphorylated deoxyglucose, although declining, is never negligible, and in some circumstances, it can represent the majority of the tissue radioactivity. Correction for this is the main supposition of the deoxyglucose method.2 Neglecting this correction is particularly problematic because the relationship between phosphorylated and unphosphorylated deoxyglucose concentrations …
Development of a mission statement for information and knowledge architectures for systems management of a global reserve currency

The global financial system is moving, slowly, toward a new global reserve currency. The US dollar has been dominant since 1948 and implementation of the Bretton Woods Agreement. However, there has been a growing movement to replace the US dollar with an expanded SDR. Having a single global reserve currency will require development of new information, knowledge and system management architectures that are capable of assisting in providing stability for the new reserve currency. This paper sets forth an analytical framework for development of a detailed mission statement of such an architecture based upon a modified structured analysis approach and an associated IDEF0 activity diagram for the proposed architecture. Stability for this new global reserve currency is a basic design need for this new systems management architecture. Without stability, a global reserve currency will have difficulty in becoming the major source of an appropriate global payment system. An appropriate global payment system is one in which it leads to stability in in the financial markets. And, in the absence of strong governance, no global payment system can be assured of being stable.
Psychometric Properties of Clinical Performance Ratings

A total of 7931 ratings of 482 third- and fourth-year medical students were gath ered over twelve four-week periods. Ratings were made by multiple raters, house officers, and attending faculty, on fifteen behaviorally-anchored rating scales. The data were factor analyzed separately for each of the twelve periods.