cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Yearly stepwise increments of the growth hormone dose results in a better growth response after four years in girls with Turner syndrome. Dutch Working Group on Growth Hormone

To optimize the growth promoting effect of growth hormone (GH), 65 previously untreated girls with Turner syndrome (TS), chronological age (CA) 2-11 yr, were randomized into 3 dosage regimen groups: A, B, and C, with a daily recombinant-human GH dose during 4 study years of 4-4-4-4, 4-6-6-6, and 4-6-8-8 IU/m2 b.s. The first GH dosage increase in groups B and C resulted in a significantly higher mean height velocity (HV) compared with constant dose group A. During the third year, when the dose was raised again only in group C, mean HV was significantly higher in groups B and C than in group A, and in group C compared with group B. In year 4 only group C mean HV remained significantly higher than group A. The pattern of change in HSDSCA (Dutch-Swedish-Danish Turner references) was identical; however, in year 4 mean delta HSDSCA in group B also remained significantly higher than group A. After 4 yr GH treatment, the following was determined. 1) The mean delta HSDSCA was significantly higher for groups B and ...
Food and faith: a theology of eating, 2nd ed.

Norman Wirzba’s Food and Faith: A Theology of Eating explores the relationships embedded in being an eater. The book presents an exploration of humanity’s relationship to food through the lens of t...
The role of the T3 molecular complex on human T lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity.

The mechanism via which cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL)1-lyse their target cells remains a mystery. The recent development of monoclonal antibodies that react with function-associated molecules on the surfaces of human or murine T cells has provided useful reagents for the delineation of the mechanism of CTL function. One such function-associated molecule is the T3 molecular complex present on the surfaces of all mature human T cells (1). Monoclonal antibodies to the T3 complex have diverse effects on T cell function including induction of prolIferatlon of resting T cells (2,3), inhibition of CTL generation invitro (4), and inhibition of effector CTL function in lytic assays (3,5–7). In the present report, we will discuss these properties of the monoclonal antibodies placing emphasis on the inhibition of CTL- medfated lysis of target cells.
A Rare Case of Loperamide-Induced Cardiac Arrest.

Loperamide (Imodium) is an opioid receptor agonist available over-the-counter and can be used for the treatment of diarrhea. When ingested in excessive doses, loperamide can penetrate the blood-brain barrier and is reported to produce euphoria, depression of the central nervous system, and cardiotoxicity. It may also be used for its euphoric effects and potentially to alleviate opioid withdrawal. Loperamide has a US boxed warning for torsades de pointes and sudden death. Loperamide has been reported to cause torsades de pointes, cardiac arrest, and death when higher than the recommended dosage is consumed. We report a rare case of ventricular arrhythmia provoked by accidental ingestion of loperamide to treat simple diarrhea.
How the Best Firms Balance Competing Forms of R&D-Based Innovation

A recent study found that the odds of firm failure increase significantly after a firm attempts to transition between exploiting current innovations and exploring for new forms of innovation. This is because the skills required to perform one type of innovation differ from those required to perform the other. I look at two firms that failed to make the perilous leap between R&D-based exploration and exploitation, and consider what might have saved them. Firms that make the leap successfully to R&D-based exploration have a history of R&D-based learning, and firms that make the leap to exploitation are not manipulating earnings.
Opioid Analgesics and Persistent Pain After an Acute Pain Emergency Department Visit: Evidence from a Cohort of Suspected Urolithiasis Patients.

Abstract Background Severe acute pain is still commonly treated with opioid analgesics in the United States, but this practice could prolong the duration of pain. Objectives Estimate the risk of experiencing persistent pain after opioid analgesic use after emergency department (ED) discharge among patients with suspected urolithiasis. Methods We analyzed data collected for a longitudinal, multicenter clinical trial of ED patients with suspected urolithiasis. We constructed multilevel models to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) of reporting pain at 3, 7, 30, or 90 days after ED discharge, using multiple imputation to account for missing outcome data. We controlled for clinical, demographic, and institutional factors and used weighting to account for the propensity to be prescribed an opioid analgesic at ED discharge. Results Among 2413 adult ED patients with suspected urolithiasis, 62% reported persistent pain 3 days after discharge. Participants prescribed an opioid analgesic at discharge were OR 2.51 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.82–3.46) more likely to report persistent pain than those without a prescription. Those who reported using opioid analgesics 3 days after discharge were OR 2.24 (95% CI 1.77–2.84) more likely to report pain at day 7 than those not using opioid analgesics at day 3, and those using opioid analgesics at day 30 had OR 3.25 (95% CI 1.96–5.40) greater odds of pain at day 90. Conclusions Opioid analgesic prescription doubled the odds of persistent pain among ED patients with suspected urolithiasis. Limiting opioid analgesic prescribing at ED discharge for these patients might prevent persistent pain in addition to limiting access to these medications.
Monte Carlo simulation of light propagation in healthy and diseased onion bulbs with multiple layers

Light propagation in 18-layer onion bulbs was simulated by Monte Carlo method.18 cases of infected onions demonstrated potential for nondestructive detection.Confident detection was determined with infection as deep as in the 3rd scale.Optimal window for disease detection was 670-870nm especially at 800nm.Spatially-resolved reflectance was effective to detect Neck Rot-infected onions. It remains unanswered how the light interacts with healthy and pathogen-infected onion tissues in a multi-layer structure. The overall goal of this study was to simulate light propagation (including scattering and absorption) in healthy and pathogen-infected onion bulbs in the visible and near infrared (NIR) range using Monte Carlo simulations. Healthy onions and bulbs infected with two major onion post-harvest diseases, Botritis Allii (Neck Rot) and Burkholderia Cepacia (Sour Skin), were considered as the subjects of the simulation. Multi-layered models (18 layers in total) of healthy and infected onion bulbs were developed representing onion structure in the form of parallel slabs. Variance of optical properties was introduced into the models using median and quartile values computed from the experimental data. Monte Carlo-simulations were performed for the developed models to generate optical responses of 33 cases of healthy and infected onions representing different stages of disease propagation in the spectral range 550-1650nm. Optical responses of all the cases were assessed with statistical tests. Study of spatially-resolved scattering reflectance was conducted to identify patterns typical for infected onions. Optical responses were measured experimentally to validate the simulation results for healthy onions. A total of 18 configurations (out of 33) of infected onions showed significant difference from healthy bulbs and demonstrated great potential for nondestructive detection. Confident detection was determined for onions with infection as deep as in the 3rd scale. The proposed optimal window for disease detection was 670-870nm. The greatest discrepancy between optical response of infected and healthy onions was found at 800nm. Spatially-resolved reflectance of the Neck Rot-infected onions showed consistent lower intensity than that of healthy onions over the entire studied radial range, whereas the Sour Skin-infected onions exhibited differences in a limited radial range. Light penetration simulation revealed that photons can reach 5-6mm deep in the bulb in the case of one dry skin in the wavelength of around 800nm and 1100nm. Validation results suggested that although the overall pattern of the simulated results and experimental measurements was similar, the systematic error was likely caused by the curvature of the onion bulb and the measurement instrument. This study was the first attempt to use Monte Carlo simulations in the field of post-harvest research to model complex tissues of vegetables using more than 2 layers. The results of the simulation could be useful in developing non-destructive optical sensing methods for onions.
Estradiol enhances neutrophil infiltration into traumatically-injured skeletal muscle

Purpose: To probe how estradiol modulates neutrophil infiltration and function following traumatic muscle injury. Methods: Adult, female C57BL/6 mice were ovariectomized and randomly assigned to no...
Comparing the Benefits of Small-Group and Large-Class Discussions

A large literature has established the benefits of discussions for stimulating student engagement and critical thinking skills. However, we know considerably less about the effect of the discussion environment on student learning. In this study, we assess student perceptions concerning the benefits of discussions in an upper-level political theory class. We compare how students evaluated discussions in the large class environment, in small discussion face-to-face discussion groups, and in online discussion groups. Overall, small discussion groups elicited the highest student satisfaction and fared best in critical thinking skills, while online discussions provided the best forum to express thoughts. While not favored by students, all-class discussions also provided significant benefits to students.
alpha-Channel - A Network Level Abstraction To Support Real-Time Communication

In this paper, we propose a network level abstraction called α-channel to support the requirements of real-time applications, based on resource reservation and fixed routing. An α-channel represents a simplex, end-to-end communication channel with guaranteed service characteristics, between two entities. Based on the value of α, we define three classes of α-channels, namely a deterministic α-channel (α = 1), a statistical (0<α<l) and a besteffort (α=0). The semantics of these classes derive from the percentage of on-time reliability that need to be supported by the α-channel.
Arene transition metal chemistry

Abstract Arene exchange between free arene and an arene—transition metal complex is reviewed with respect to structure, thermodynamics, kinetics and reaction mechanism. Catalysis of such arene exchange is also examined. Experimental results are presented for arene exchange between arene and the arene—metal complexes: η 6 -arene-1,5-cyclooctadieneruthenium, the cationic η 6 -arene-1,5-cyclooctadieneiridium and η 6 -arenetricarbonylmolybdenum. Mechanistic features of these exchange reactions are discussed.
HUMAN RESOURCE PLANNING: Low‐Cost Strategies to Improve Worker's Job Security

In 1958, the Lincoln Electric Company of Cleveland, Ohio formalized its lifetime employment policy, which had already been in effect for many years. The company is the world's largest producer of arc‐welding products, employing nearly 3,000 people, mostly in two factories near Cleveland. There have been no layoffs at Lincoln since World War II. Since 1958, every Lincoln worker with over two years' longevity has been guaranteed work for at least thirty hours per week, forty‐nine weeks per year.
A History of Communications: Media and Society from the Evolution of Speech to the Internet

A History of Communications advances a theory of media that explains the origins and impact of different forms of communication - speech, writing, print, electronic devices and the Internet - on human history in the long term. New media are 'pulled' into widespread use by broad historical trends and these media, once in widespread use, 'push' social institutions and beliefs in predictable directions. This view allows us to see for the first time what is truly new about the Internet, what is not, and where it is taking us.
Preparation of a 1,2-isoxazolidine synthon for the synthesis of zetekitoxin AB

A synthesis of the 1,2-isoxazolidine fragment of the potent voltage gated sodium channel blocker, zetekitoxin AB is described. The synthesis utilizes an intramolecular nitrone -olefin 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition to establish the stereochemistry of the cis-1,2-isoxazolidine. The oxidative cleavage of an all anti-triol with the excision of the central carbon is central to using α-D-glucopyranoside as a traceless stereochemical template. This route furnishes a suitably protected synthon for the synthesis of zetekitoxin AB.
Promoting good health in the age of reform: the medical publications of Henry H. Porter of Philadelphia, 1829-32.

In the early 1830s, the Philadelphia publisher Henry H. Porter rapidly published five journals, six books, and an almanac, works having a particular emphasis on health and personal hygiene. Porter’...
Exposing biases in retrieved low cloud properties from CloudSat: A guide for evaluating observations and climate data

[1] This study provides an assessment of low cloud properties retrieved from CloudSat, MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer), and Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation with the goal of exposing biases that hinder meaningful comparisons with the simulated cloud properties in global climate models (GCMs). Being pertinent to GCM comparisons, CloudSat is the only satellite that can provide the vertical structure of cloud water and ice content from space. Biases in CloudSat low cloud properties are found to be tied to problems involving cloud detection and algorithm retrieval failures related to precipitation and strict cloud screening procedures. We show that MODIS and CloudSat cloud liquid water path (LWP) data agree when carefully screened for lack of precipitation but significantly depart in precipitating clouds due to rain water contamination of LWP in the CloudSat retrieval algorithm. The presence of drizzle and rain (occurring about 20% of the time) is associated with different mean LWP, mean particle sizes, and optical depths of all low clouds and therefore the radiative properties of the oceanic low clouds. Another more significant source of the LWP bias stems from the apparent lack of cloud detection. On average, the Cloud Profiling Radar misses clouds with adequate liquid and ice water retrievals as detected by MODIS in approximately 45% of warm clouds with the bulk of the bias occurring in clouds below 1 km in the so-called “ground clutter zone.” By incorporating additional sensors such as MODIS, the following results suggest that this LWP bias can be greatly reduced.
An easily built and inexpensive apparatus for generating electroconvulsive shock

An easily constructed and inexpensive apparatus for generating electroconvulsive shock is described. The wide range of shock level adjustment and reliability of operation make it an excellent piece of equipment to have in laboratories using electroconvulsive shock as an experimental tool for research on memory and memory storage processes.
High-Q oscillator measurements of vortex properties in YBa2Cu3O7−δ

High-Q oscillators, vibrating with extremely small tilt angles, ∼10−7 radians, were used to study vortex behavior in single crystal YBa2Cu3O7−δ. Systematic changes in the dissipation and frequency of the oscillator were explored for various fields both parallel and perpendicular to twin boundaries. At the small tilt oscillation amplitudes employed here, a number of features were observed which are not evident at the more typically utilized large oscillation amplitudes.
Effect of Metabolite Analogs on Larval Development and Oviposition in the Boll Weevil

Eighteen compounds were evaluated for their effects on larval development or oviposition or both in the boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis Boheman. Methotrexate, 5-fluoroorotic acid, and 5-fluorouracil were among the most active compounds tested. The addition of uracil and ribonucleic acid to adult diets containing 5-fluoroorotic acid and 5-fluorouracil partially reversed their effect on oviposition.
FAMILIAL DECREASE IN CORTICOSTEROID-BINDING GLOBULIN.

Abstract Despite continuing extensive investigations of the corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG) in man, to date no reports of a familial alteration in its plasma concentration have appeared. The present report gives information on studies done on 3 generations of a family found to have diminished plasma CBG concentration. CBG concentration in the propositus was 17 mg./L. (normal 23–46 mg./L.), was 17 mg./L. in her mother, 16–20 mg./L. in 2 brothers and 16–17 mg./L. in 2 sisters. Three of 4 members of the third generation were abnormal (15–20 mg./L.). The response of plasma CBG in the propositus to estrogen was subnormal with an increase of only 22 mg./L. following I week of 5 mg. diethylstilbestrol (normal 32–89 mg./L.). Morning plasma 17-OHCS concentration was significantly below normal in affected individuals (mean 6.7 μ g. 100 ml. ), but nonprotein-bound 17-OHCS concentration was normal. Urinary 17-OHCS excretion was 4.2–5.6 mg. 24 hrs. (normal 4–10 mg. 24 hrs. ). The mode of inheritance appeared to be autosomal dominant, and the affected members were healthy, intelligent and prolific.
The California Treatment Expansion Initiative: Aftercare Participation, Recidivism, and Predictors of Outcomes

This study explored possible predictors of participation in aftercare and 12-month return-to-custody (RTC) among 4,155 inmates who participated in prison-based therapeutic community treatment in California. The most consistent theme that emerged from this study was the importance of duration of time spent in treatment. Increased time spent in prison-based treatment predicted increased participation in aftercare and decreased 12-month RTC. Similarly, increased time spent in aftercare predicted decreased 12-month RTC. Those who participated in aftercare in urban counties spent longer periods of time in treatment and were less likely to be returned to custody within 12 months. The findings suggest that Hispanics rely more successfully on social and/or familial support systems than on aftercare postrelease. The findings also highlight the importance of education in facilitating postrelease reintegration and ensuring successful outcomes.
Admissible W-graphs and commuting Cartan matrices

A W-graph is a weighted directed graph that encodes certain actions of a Coxeter group W or the associated Iwahori-Hecke algebra H(W). It is admissible if it is bipartite and has nonnegative integer edge weights that satisfy a simple symmetry condition. Of particular interest are the admissible W-graphs and WxW-graphs that encode the one-sided and two-sided actions of the standard generators on the Kazhdan-Lusztig basis of H(W), as well as the strongly connected components of these graphs-the latter are the so-called Kazhdan-Lusztig cells. Previously, we have posed the problem of classifying the admissible W-cells, and noted the possibility that there may only be finitely many such cells for each finite W. In this paper, we classify the admissible cells for direct products of two dihedral groups. This amounts to classifying pairs of simply-laced (but possibly reducible) Cartan matrices that commute and satisfy a simple parity condition. What we find is that these commuting pairs occur in 6 infinite families along with 11 exceptional pairs whose ranks range from 12 to 32.
Robert Nozick and the Libertarian Paradox

Is there a paradox at the heart of libertarianism? Robert Nozick is not only convinced that there is one, at least prima facie, but devotes almost two chapters in Anarchy, State, and Utopia' to resolving the apparent difficulty. Geoffrey Sampson,2 however, following the more traditional defence of libertarianism ('political liberalism') developed by F. A. Hayek,3 charges that Nozick does a poor job of solving a problem which does not even exist. According to Sampson, there is no paradox. Is there a paradox at the heart of libertarianism? The question is of more than merely academic interest for those who, like myself, are not numbered among the libertarian ranks, because the issue revolves around the justification and construal of the harm principle, i.e., a principle central to social-political philosophy in general. Consequently, I would like to explore this issue in some detail. Analysis reveals that, indeed, there is a serious problem for the libertarian.
The effects of product structure and sequencing rule on assembly shop performance

SUMMARY Single-stage job-shop scheduling has received a great deal of attention in the published literature. Significantly less research has been done in the area of assembly job shops. With the onslaught of MRP implementations designed to plan and control assembly job shops, practitioners have been confronted head-on with the need to improve dispatching procedures. This paper examines the effect of three different product structures on the performance of selected priority dispatching rules in a six-machine assembly job shop. Results indicate that significant relationships exist between the structure of the product bill of materials and the priority dispatching rule, and that specific rules are indeed better suited to certain product structures.
LAMINAR HYPERSONIC TRAIL IN THE EXPANSION-CONDUCTION REGION

The usual procedure in calculating the cooling process in a wake behind a blunt object is to assume a region of pure expansion up to a distance where the pressure has reached its ambient value, followed by a region where the mechanism of pure heat conduction is operative. In the present paper both mechanisms are assumed to be valid simultaneously, and the result is compared with previous calculations. The following criterion is established: the minimum radius of a hemisphere-cylinder configuration, above which a simultaneous conductionexpansion calculation is not needed, is given by the approximation
Validity of the 16 PF-E experimental norms for adults with mental retardation.

Validity of the Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire Form E (16 PF-E) experimental norms for adults with mental retardation was evaluated by comparing 16 PF-E responses of mentally retarded adults with staff ratings. Three primary scales (i.e., A, C, and G) received tenuous support. No support was found for the remaining 13 primary scales.
On the Paramagnetic Rotation of Tysonite

It is shown both theoretically and by examination of the Leiden experimental data on Ce${\mathrm{F}}_{3}$ and tysonite that in rare earth compounds the Verdet constant $V$ should exhibit the same dependence upon temperature as does the magnetic susceptibility $\ensuremath{\chi}$, even when Curie's law is not obeyed. In consequence of the similarity in the mode of variation with temperature for $V$ and $\ensuremath{\chi}$, existing data on the temperature variation of $\ensuremath{\chi}$ can be considerably enhanced by drawing upon the Faraday measurements of Becquerel and de Haas. In particular, information concerning the $\ensuremath{\chi}'\mathrm{s}$ for individual crystallographic axes thus becomes available in tysonite and the tests of calculations of the susceptibility with crystalline potentials become correspondingly severe. The triclinic field proposed by Kramers for tysonite does not appear to account for the behavior of individual principal susceptibilities, although adequate for the mean characteristic of a crystal powder. It is shown that somewhat better agreement with experiment can be achieved by assuming tentatively that the local field has rhombic symmetry, with three possible orientations for the rhombic axes differing from each other by 120\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}, so that all told the crystal has the desired hexagonal symmetry. Such staggered rhombic fields are compatible with Oftedal's x-ray analysis of the crystallographic structure of tysonite, except that the deviations of the fields from axial character seem rather large.
Is There a “Fair” in Fair-Trade? Social Dominance Orientation Influences Perceptions of and Preferences for Fair-Trade Products

In recent years, there has been a surge in popularity of the fair-trade industry, which seeks to improve trading conditions and to promote the rights of marginalized workers. Although research suggests that fair-trade products are perceived as promoting social and economic responsibility, some individuals—namely, those who seek to maintain existing group inequalities (i.e., those high in social dominance orientation or SDO) or those induced to think inequality is a good thing—may not share this perception. Across three studies, we found that (1) SDO relates negatively to fair-trade consumption, and (2) this relationship is mediated by the tendency for high-SDO individuals to see fair-trade products as less compatible with their conception of social justice. Our findings held after controlling for related individual-differences variables, and regardless of whether SDO was measured or manipulated. Implications for how to maximize the likelihood that people will perceive fair-trade products as “fair” are discussed.
Sapphire fiber-based polarimetric optical sensor for high-temperature applications

The polarization preserving properties of single crystal sapphire opticai fibers are investigatedexperimentally for different modal power distributions and different lengths of the fibers.Experimental results indicate that linearly polarized light launched along one of the principle axes ofthe fiber birefnngence can be partially maintained. The polarization extinction ratio at the fiberoutput end was measured to be 6 dB and 3 dB for 7 cm and 32 cm long sapphire fibers,respectively. The temperature coefficient of the different phase delay between the orthogonalpolarization modes was measured to be 0.028 rad. m1 °C'. A sapphire fiber-based polarimetiictemperature sensor is constructed based upon both the polarization maintaining characteristics ofthe sapphire fiber and the temperature dependence of birefringence-induced phase delay. In thissensor a 1.4 cm long sapphire fiber serves as the sensing element. Two lead-in and lead-outsapphire fibers are connected to the sensing fiber with proper principal axis orientations. The otherends of the lead sapphire fibers are coupled to two lead silica multimode fibers with sandwichedpolarizers. This sensor has been demonstrated for measurement of high temperature up to 1200°C
The Post-School Outcomes Transition Survey: A Tool for Effective Decision Making?.

This study investigated the validity of the Post-School Outcomes Transition Survey (PSOTS). The PSOTS was designed to ascertain whether individuals who received special education services in secondary school have obtained postschool employment or have enrolled in postsecondary education or training within 1 to 2 years of exiting high school. The PSOTS also attempts to obtain continuous scores for transition program services provided to students while they were enrolled in secondary school. Two representative data sets of PSOTS respondents (Year 2004, n = 539, and Year 2005, n = 415) were employed to validate the PSOTS via exploratory factor analysis. A total of 16 salient factors were supported, 8 of which were regarded as postschool outcome dimensions with 8 construed as in-school program dimensions. Because the factors represent robust, continuous measures of transition constructs, they can be used to link transition practices to postschool outcomes through experimental research as suggested by Test, Fo...
Extracellular Ca2+ Increases Cytosolic Free Ca2+ in Freshly Isolated Rat Odontoblasts

Recent evidence suggests that extracellular Ca2+ may modulate cell function in mineralized tissue. To determine whether dentinogenic cells, in particular, are sensitive to extracellular Ca2+, fura-2 microfluorometry was used to monitor intracellular calcium levels in odontoblasts freshly isolated from rat incisor. In response to applications of 0.5–4.0 mM extracellular calcium (CaCl2), most odontoblasts (84%; 107/128) showed an increase in intracellular calcium. For the majority of these cells (70%; 75/107), the typical response was biphasic; there was an initial, transient increase in intracellular calcium which reached peak levels within 30–50 s and decayed rapidly, followed by a slower (> 300 s) recovery toward basal levels. In general, the response of these cells to calcium was repeatable and the mean calcium concentration for the half-maximal response was ∼1.3 mM. This effect could be partially blocked by either 200 μM lanthanum, a nonspecific blocker of Ca2+ channels, or 20 μM dantrolene, a potent inhibitor of Ca2+ release from internal stores. Used in combination, lanthanum, and dantrolene nearly abolished the calcium response completely. In addition, this response was sensitive to the dihydropyridine-sensitive calcium channel blocking agent nicardipine (60 μM), indicating a role for voltage-gated calcium channels during these events. These results show that odontoblasts respond to external calcium through mechanisms involving both influx of external calcium as well as release of calcium from internal stores and suggest a role for extracellular calcium in regulating the function of these cells.
Endomycorrhizae influence growth of blackgum seedlings in flooded soils.

Nyssa sylvatica seedlings grown for a year under flooded conditions established endomycorrhizal associations with Glomus mosseae. Lowland ecotypes with endomycorrhizae showed a significant increase in biomass over non-mycorrhizal controls; the greatest difference was in aboveground biomass. Upland ecotypes survived flooding poorly and established fewer endomycorrhizae than lowland ecotypes and did not show any enhanced growth over controls. In general, most endomycorrhizae were formed near main roots and significantly decreased in abundance with distance from the main axes of the root system. It is suggested that under flooded conditions internal oxygen transport may be limiting to mycorrhizae in the more distal roots. THE IMPORTANCE of mycorrhizal associations between roots and fungal symbionts is well known. The vesicular-arbuscular (VA) endomycorrhizal types occur on more plant species and are more widely distributed geographically than any other type. They are considered to be ubiquitous in soils, with one exception, viz., continuously flooded sites. Recent studies indicate that some aquatic plants may form mycorrhizal associations (Sondergaard and Laegaard, 1977; Bagyaraj, Manjunath, and Patil, 1979); more often though, aquatics and emergent plants growing in wet places are non-mycorrhizal. In these latter plants, it seems that wet growing conditions are responsible for the non-mycorrhizal habit since such plants often become mycorrhizal if the water table drops or if they are transplanted to well-drained soil (Gerdemann, 1968; Filer, 1975). As part of a larger study of flood tolerance in ecotypes of the deciduous hardwood Nyssa sylvatica (Blackgum), this study was initiated to answer the following questions: 1) Do blackgum seedlings establish mycorrhizal associations under continuously flooded conditions? 2) Do mycorrhizae influence the growth of blackgum seedlings? and 3) Are there differences in these responses between upland and lowland ecotypes?
A Biography of James Ramsay Hunt (1874–1937)

James Ramsay Hunt (1874-1937) was a pre-eminent twentieth-century American neurologist. The name of Ramsay Hunt is known today because several neurological disorders bear his name, including the herpetic geniculate ganglion syndrome and a form of ataxia and myoclonus. Despite his importance in the field of neurology, few biographical details have been recorded about Hunt's life. One of the authors of this report recently located Hunt's daughter. This biographical sketch was based on interviews conducted with her and review of documents in her possession, including letters written by Hunt. Details are depicted about Hunt's family background and childhood, medical education and early professional development, courtship and marriage, wartime experiences, family and social life, daily routine and professional development, as well as illness and death.
Manufacturing exports and growth: When is a developing country ready to transition from primary exports to manufacturing exports?

Abstract Why do many developing countries still rely on primary goods as their main source of export income when evidence suggests they could earn higher returns by exporting manufactured goods? I use data for a wide cross-section of countries over the period 1970–2009 and find that although increasing manufacturing exports is important for sustained economic growth, this relationship only holds once a threshold level of development is reached. Specifically, I use an endogenous sample-splitting technique, known as regression tree analysis, to identify possible economic development thresholds in the relationship between the level of manufacturing exports and GDP per capita growth. The results imply that a country needs to achieve a minimum level of human capital before it is beneficial to transition from a reliance on primary exports to manufacturing exports.
Oil fields—A source of heat flow data

Abstract A method of calculating terrestrial heat flow from oil fields is evaluated by reviewing its application to twelve petroliferous basins, three of them in Brazil and nine in Indonesia. In each well, terrestrial heat flow was calculated by multiplying the temperature gradient (obtained by commonly used procedures) by the effective thermal conductivity. The latter was calculated from quick thermal conductivity measurements on core samples by a transient hot-wire method and from the lithologic log. Typically, in each basin the conductivity of about 300 core specimens was measured and logs of 50–150 wells were examined. In each formation penetrated by a well, the total thickness of each rock type such as shale, sandstone, etc., was determined from the composite lithologic log. The harmonic mean of the thermal conductivity of a formation in the well was computed from these thicknesses and the average values of the conductivities of the rock types measured on cores collected from that formation. The conductivity of the well is the harmonic mean of the conductivities of the formations. The average precision of the determination of formation conductivity can be expressed as the α95 limits divided by the average value. For twelve basins this measure of precision for formation conductivities averages 3.6% and the average precision of the conductivity of a basin is 2.0%. On the same basis, the precision of the determination of the temperature gradient in a basin averages 4.7% and that of the heat flow 5.8%. Expressing the variability of the geothermal quantities in a basin determined at discrete locations as the standard deviation divided by the average value, we get for the mean variability in the twelve basins: 6.7% for conductivity, 15.0% for the gradient and 16.4% for the heat flow. The variability must come in part from natural causes. In general, at the present level of accuracy no correlation between anomalous heat flow and the occurrence of oil in a basin was found. Values of thermal conductivity of sedimentary rocks and their variation with depth are useful in calculating paleotemperatures. The magnitude of the mean heat flows of the basins is normal (63 mW/m2) for the Jurassic basins of the stable continental margin of Brazil and somewhat elevated in the Tertiary basins of Indonesia, north of the Sunda trench subduction zone, the values decreasing from 130 mW/m2 in Central Sumatra to 70 mW/m2 in eastern Kalimantan. Future improvements in the procedures for determining conductivity might possibly bring out local anomalies in heat flow that might be caused by vertical seepage of water. This would support the hydraulic theory of accumulation of oil and gas.
A Relationship Between Screen Opening and Mesh Size for Standard Sieves

(1997). A Relationship Between Screen Opening and Mesh Size for Standard Sieves. Pharmaceutical Development and Technology: Vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 185-186.
Ascorbate-induced lipid peroxidation and the binding of [3H]dihydroalprenolol

Abstract Sodium ascorbate addition caused a modest loss in the specific binding of [ 3 H]dihydroalprenolol ([ 3 H]DHA) in a rat cortical membrane preparation. Sodium ascorbate also caused a modest increase in lipid peroxide formation in the same membrane preparation. Both the lipid peroxidation and the loss in [ 3 H]DHA binding were greatly potentiated by the addition of low levels of iron (Fe 2+ ). A kinetic analysis indicated that the iron/ascorbate caused a loss in the number of [ 3 H]DHA binding sites but had no effect on the affinity of [ 3 H]DHA for the binding site. Both the lipid peroxidation and the loss of [ 3 H]DHA binding were prevented by iron chelating agents (e.g. EDTA) and by classical inhibitors of lipid peroxidation (e.g. propyl gallate, cobalt chloride). All of these data taken together suggest that an iron-dependent lipid peroxidation results in a loss of [ 3 H]DHA binding sites. These and other data further suggest that lipid is critical for the binding of [ 3 H]DHA to its receptor.
Microinjection of a glutamate antagonist into the nucleus accumbens reduces psychostimulant locomotion in rats.

Abstract In order to study a possible modulatory effect of glutamatergic afferents to the nucleus accumbens (NAC) on psychostimulant-induced locomotion, l -glutamic acid diethyl ester (GDEE), a glutamate antagonist, was injected in the NAC of rats acutely treated with cocaine, amphetamine or caffeine. GDEE at the doses of 5, 10, and 20 μg/side significantly reduced locomotion induced by cocaine (20 mg/kg, i.p.). Amphetamine-induced hyperactivity was also reduced by GDEE, whereas caffeine-induced hyperactivity was not significantly decreased by GDEE. This suggests that glutamatergic afferents to the NAC modulate the effects of psychostimulants and also dopamine function in the mesolimbic system.
A Hydrogen Clathrate Hydrate with Cyclohexanone: Structure and Stability

High-resolution neutron diffraction measurements have been used to confirm the crystal structure of the binary clathrate hydrate of cyclohexanone and hydrogen, making cyclohexanone one of the largest known sII hydrate formers. The position, orientation, and occupancy of the guest molecules within the hydrate cavities have been determined. Because cyclohexanone falls into the class of large sII forming molecules that require a second guest for stability, the role of hydrogen in hydrate stability is further elucidated. From these results, we suggest that the stabilization behavior of hydrogen is analogous to that of other more common hydrate forming molecules and suggest that hydrogen has the potential to stabilize other clathrate structures with greater hydrogen storage capacity.
Session 20 overview: Next-generation optical & electrical interfaces

Extending performance in applications from networking to storage to traditional computing increasingly demands advances in communication interface design. In order to meet these demands, tighter integration of optical and electrical components, dramatically improved electrical link power efficiency, and increased serial data rates all play critical roles.
Distribution of 5-HT1B, 5-HT1D and 5-HT1F receptor expression in rat trigeminal and dorsal root ganglia neurons: Relevance to the selective anti-migraine effect of triptans

Triptans, acting as serotonin, 5-HT(1B/1D/1F), receptor agonists, provide an effective and established treatment option in migraine and cluster headache. Clinical observations suggest a relatively specific effect of these compounds on primary headache disorders, but not in other pain syndromes. The mechanism of this specificity, however, is not well understood. Hence, we systematically studied primary sensory ganglia in rat to determine if the peripheral distribution of 5HT(1B/1D/1F) receptors showed any anatomical difference that would account for the specificity of clinical effect. Rat primary afferent and sensory ganglia neurons--trigeminal ganglia (Vg), and dorsal root ganglia (DRG): C(2), C(5), T(5), L(5)--were examined using paraffin-embedded, slide-bound tissue sections reacted with specific primary antibodies for rat 5-HT(1B, 1D) and (1F) receptors in a peroxidase-based immunohistochemical method. Immunoreactivity specific for all three serotonergic receptor subtypes was demonstrated in the five peripheral nervous system regions examined and quantitated. There was a good agreement for 5-HT(1B) and 5-HT(1D) receptors to that previously demonstrated in Vg and DRG L(5), while this was the first characterisation for 5-HT(1F) receptor in any of the five regions, as well as for 5-HT(1B) and 5HT(1D) receptors in DRG C(2), C(5) and T(5). In summary, all three 5-HT receptors are equally represented in Vg and the DRGs examined. We conclude that the triptans are theoretically able to bind to receptors at each level of the peripheral neuraxis without any apparent anatomical preference for the head.
Manufacturing planning with computers at Honeywell

Abstract Honeywell devised and developed a computer-aided planning system to determine future resource requirements. The system is primarily used to generate labour and equipment projections for each revision of the various marketing forecasts, but it is also used as a tool for conducting routine standards audits. The paper describes the system, its applications and limitations, the problems encountered in its use. The second generation planning system has become an efficient and useful tool.
Gas Sampling Calorimeter Studies in Proportional, Saturated Avalanche, and Streamer Modes

Gas sampling hadronic and electromagnetic calorineters running in the proportional, saturated avalanche and self-quenching streamer modes were tested at M4 beamline of Fermilab at energies between 17 GeV and 150 GeV. Energy resolution is substantially improved in the saturated avalanche mode. The details of the results are discussed.
Poincaré supersymmetry representations over trace class non-commutative graded operator algebras

Abstract We show that rigid supersymmetry theories in four dimensions can be extended to give supersymmetric trace (or generalized quantum) dynamics theories, in which the supersymmetry algebra is represented by the generalized Poisson bracket of trace supercharges, constructed from fields that form a trace class non-commutative graded operator algebra. In particular, supersymmetry theories can be turned into supersymmetric matrix models this way. We demonstrate our results by detailed component field calculations for the Wess-Zumino and the supersymmetric Yang-Mills models (the latter with axial gauge fixing), and then show that they are also implied by a simple and general superspace argument.
Flank Wear of Multi-Layer Coated Tool and Wear Prediction Using Abrasion Wear Model

In this paper, we have combined experimental and numerical approaches to understand the flank wear and its evolution of the multi-layer (TiCN/Al2 O3 /TiCN) coated carbide insert after continuous turning of AISI 1045 steels. In addition using advanced microscope techniques such as scanning electron microscope, confocal laser scanning microscope, etc., we have captured the three dimensional images of flank wear. Using the wavelet filtering, the roughness profiles and groove sizes on the flank surface were analyzed and compared. Both 2-body and 3-body abrasion models were used as the basis to predict flank wear lands, which are then compared with the experimentally observed wear images. Finite Element (FE) models were developed to simulate the changes on the interfacial conditions as the flank wear progresses during cutting.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
Female urethral strictures: successful management with long-term clean intermittent catheterization after urethral dilatation

OBJECTIVE To report our experience in the diagnosis and treatment of urethral stricture in women. PATIENTS AND METHODS A retrospective review of records and video-urodynamics identified women treated for urethral stricture between 1999 and 2004 at one institution by one surgeon. Urethral stricture was defined as a fixed anatomical narrowing between the bladder neck and distal urethra of <14 F preventing catheterization, and the diagnosis was confirmed by cysto-urethroscopy, and/or video-urodynamics. Women with a history of external beam radiotherapy to the pelvis, or of gynaecological, urethral or bladder malignancy, were excluded, and the women had a urethral biopsy to exclude a malignant cause of the stricture. Initial treatment consisted of urethral dilatation to ≥ 30 F. After a period of indwelling catheterization, the women were placed on clean intermittent self-catheterization (CISC) at least once daily, and monitored every 3–6 months. At each follow-up, the urethra was catheterized to exclude recurrence. American Urological Association (AUA) symptom scores were obtained at presentation and at the initial 3 month follow-up. RESULTS Seven women met the criteria for urethral stricture, and were followed for a mean (range) of 21 (6–34) months. All were initially maintained on daily CISC, and some were gradually reduced to weekly CISC for the duration of follow-up. No patient had a recurrent stricture while on CISC, and none has had a urethral reconstruction to manage their condition. AUA symptom scores improved in all of the women by a mean of 10.7 points. No complications related to catheterization were noted. CONCLUSION Urethral stricture is rare in women. Long-term CISC in these women is safe and effective, and can avoid the need for major reconstructive surgery.
Ultra thin printed monopole based UWB antenna with extended 2.45 GHz ISM band operability

A compact Ultra Wide Band (UWB) antenna printed on a 50.8-μm Kapton polyimide Substrate is proposed in this paper. The semi-eliptical based radiating element is fed by a linearly tapered coplanar waveguide (CPW) which provides continuous transitional impedance for improved matching. The proposed design covers the standard UWB range which extends between 3.1 to 10.6 GHz. Furthermore, a T shaped structure is added to give rise to a resonance at 2.45 GHz which encompasses the Industrial, Scientific, Medical (ISM) band.
Publications, cost and a proposition

The cause and effect that led to the enormous growth of research journals during the past few decades are analyzed. These factors seem to have contributed to the financial pressure on the academic library system and the ‘publishing pressure’ on the researchers. Overall, the higher educational system in chemistry, as well as all sciences and humanities, seem to have been affected. Printing practices of a few research journals, mostly in chemistry and chemical engineering, are compared in terms of price per standardized page which indicate that savings of several million dollars should be possible worldwide through a coherent effort of the various members of the research community. Certain simple propositions to cut down the volume of publications have been discussed. More propositions are likely to be put forward by those who start to think about journal proliferation and the underlying issues.