cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Jewish America and a Protestant Civil Religion: Will Herberg, Robert Bellah, and Mid-Twentieth Century American Religion

This essay reads Will Herberg’s Protestant-Catholic-Jew alongside Robert Bellah’s “Civil Religion in America” to illuminate how mid-century thinkers constructed, rather than merely observed, a vision of, and for, American religion. Placing Herberg in direct conversation with Bellah illuminates why Herberg’s religious triptych depiction of America endured while his argument for an “American Way of Life”—the prototype for Bellah’s widely accepted idea of civil religion—flailed. Although Herberg’s “American Way of Life” and Bellah’s “Civil Religion” resemble one another as systems built on but distinct from faith traditions, they emerged from intellectual struggles with two distinct issues. Herberg’s work stemmed from the challenges wrought by ethnic and religious diversity in America, while Bellah wrote out of frustration with Cold War conformity. Both men used civil religion to critique American complacency, but Herberg agonized over trite formulations of faith while Bellah derided uncritical affirmations of patriotism. Bellah’s civil religion co-existed with and, more importantly, contained Herberg’s “Protestant-Catholic-Jew” triad and obscured the American Way of Life. In an increasingly diverse and divisive America, Bellah’s civil religion provided a more optimistic template for national self-critique, even as Herberg’s American Way of Life more accurately described the limits of national self-understanding.
Do daughters with eating disorders agree with their parents' perception of family functioning?

Abstract Objective The current study compared the perceptions of family functioning between daughters with eating disorders (EDs) and their parents. This investigation was an expansion of the Fornari et al ( Compr Psychiatry 1999;40:434-441) study, which investigated the relationship between the perceived family functioning and depressive symptoms in individuals with ED patients receiving outpatient services. Method One hundred twenty-six female subjects, ranging in age from 13 to 34 years (mean 18.3 years) completed the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) ( Arch Gen Psychiatry 1961;4:561-571) and the Family Assessment Device (FAD) ( J Marital Fam Ther 1983;9:171-180) on admission to an outpatient ED program. The patient's parent(s) (118 mothers and 96 fathers) also completed the FAD. Eating disorder subgroup diagnosis and major depressive disorder diagnosis were established according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition , criteria, using the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-Lifetime ( Arch Gen Psychiatry 1987;35:837-844). Repeated measures analysis of covariance was performed comparing family members on each of the 7 subscales of the FAD with BDI entered as the covariate. Results Statistically significant differences were found between patient and parental perceptions of overall family functioning. Mothers rated family functioning as significantly healthier and less chaotic than their daughters did. There were fewer significant differences between maternal and paternal perceptions of family functioning, and no significant differences between fathers' and daughters' perceptions of the family. Eating disorder diagnosis did not contribute to these differences in perception of family functioning. In addition, high self-reported depressive symptoms of the daughters were related to the perception of high family dysfunction for all 3 informants; depressive symptoms did not, however, alter the differences in perception between family members. Discussion Differences in viewpoints between parents and daughters regarding the family environment may contribute to the continuation of a dysfunctional family pattern and maintenance of the ED and/or impact negatively on the course of treatment. Possible implications for treatment are discussed, particularly because of the differences of the mothers' views. The results of this study strongly support the importance of including the patient's family in the initial evaluation, regardless of the patient's age.
Dynamical modelling of phase transitions by means of viscoelasticity in many dimensions

We study the equations of viscoelasticity in a multidimensional setting for the ‘no-traction’ boundary data. For the sake of modelling phase transitions we do not assume elliptieity of the stored energy function W. We construct dynamics in W1,2(Ωℝn) globally in time. Next, we study the question of stability for a class of equilibria. Moreover, we show a certain kind of decay in time of solutions for arbitrary initial conditions.
Correlating Electronic Transport to Atomic Structures in Self-Assembled Quantum Wires

Quantum wires, as a smallest electronic conductor, are expected to be a fundamental component in all quantum architectures. The electronic conductance in quantum wires, however, is often dictated by structural instabilities and electron localization at the atomic scale. Here we report on the evolutions of electronic transport as a function of temperature and interwire coupling as the quantum wires of GdSi2 are self-assembled on Si(100) wire-by-wire. The correlation between structure, electronic properties, and electronic transport are examined by combining nanotransport measurements, scanning tunneling microscopy, and density functional theory calculations. A metal–insulator transition is revealed in isolated nanowires, while a robust metallic state is obtained in wire bundles at low temperature. The atomic defects lead to electron localizations in isolated nanowire, and interwire coupling stabilizes the structure and promotes the metallic states in wire bundles. This illustrates how the conductance natur...
Coping with Embarrassing Predicaments: Remedial Strategies and Their Perceived Utility

Two studies into the use and perceived utility of remedial strategies for coping with embarrassing predicaments are reported. In both studies, subjects were presented with two scenarios depicting embarrassing situations: one representing a loss of poise, and the other representing an inappropriate indentity display. In the first study, subjects rated four researcher-supplied strategies in terms of appropriateness, effectiveness, and satisfaction to others. In study two, subjects generated their own strategies for remediating embarrassment and rated them on the same criteria. Excuse and justification were not common or preferred strategies while apology and remediation were highly preferred. Females regarded more deferential strategies (e.g. excuse, apology) as more appropriate than did males. Males and females did not differ, however, in their reported use of strategies. In addition, the perceived appropriateness and effectiveness of strategies was found to vary as a function of the type of embarrassment.
The Calculation Of Wave Aberration Coefficients And Wave Aberration Derivatives From Ray Trace Data

During the preparation of the paper describing the design and manufacturing of micro-electronic lenses it was observed that the wave aberration coefficients in the sagittal fan did not converge exactly to their axial values, when the field was asymptotically approaching the axis. Further work, which involved the calculation of partial derivatives of wave aberration with respect to curvatures and thicknesses along selected rays, also gave systematic errors when compared to the asymptotic values obtained from finite diff-erence calculations. The formulae used for calculating the wave aberrations were those introduced by H.H. Hopkins and their approximations are described in the above references. However, the design of an x-ray telescope for 5O A wavelength had forced the authors to reexamine the basic ideas.© (1983) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Hydrothermal synthesis and structure of a three-dimensional trimetallic oxide, Na2[CuV2O2(H2O) 2(O3PCH2PO3)2]

Abstract The hydrothermal reaction of Cu(II), Na3VO4, and methylenediphosphonic acid provided a trimetallic hybrid oxide, Na2[CuV2O2(H2O)2(O3PCH2PO3)2] (1). The structure consists of a three-dimensional { CuV 2 O 2 ( H 2 O ) 2 ( O 3 PCH 2 PO 3 ) 2 } n - 2 n framework with charge-compensating Na+ cations entrained within the void spaces. The compound is paramagnetic, and the temperature dependence of the magnetic susceptibility was fit to the Curie–Weiss law. The effective magnetic moment of 2.92 μB at room temperature is consistent with three weakly interacting S = 1/2 spins, corresponding to one Cu(II) and two V(IV) sites.
An Introduction to the N. mPc Design Environment

N. mPc, a design tool for multi-processor systems, consists of six components which work together to produce functional register transfer level simulations of multiple processor, heterogeneous target systems. A meta assembler allows the user to specify the format, nmemonics, and associated bit patterns of target instruction sets. Instruction nmemonics are mapped into bit strings and output in a machine independent control/memory allocation graph. A generalized linking loader resolves the machine dependent aspects of assembler output graphs, links, and allocates the resulting image to physical memory according to user specified strategies. A hardware description language , ISP', compiler is used to translate processor and interconnection element descriptions into executable code. This code, the linking loader outputs, and a description of the target system topology are linked by an Ecologist and Simulated Memory Processor into a simulation model which runs under the control of a Runtime Package. The Runtime Package consists of a Command Interpreter, Kernel, and Simulated Memory Manager. The Kernel and Command Interpreter permit interactive control and monitoring of simulations. The Simulated Memory Manager supervises the simulated memory contents, available physical memory, and mass storage to optimize the performance of the simulation. N. mPc is implemented on a PDP-11 system under the UNIX operating system and is currently undergoing system test and evaluation.
Multiple functions of the paranodal junction of myelinated nerve fibers

Myelin sheaths include an extraordinary structure, the "paranodal axoglial junction" (PNJ), which attaches the sheath to the axon at each end of each myelin segment. Its size is enormous and its structure unique. Here we review past and current studies showing that this junction can serve multiple functions in maintaining reliable saltatory conduction. The present evidence points to three functions in particular. 1) It seals the myelin sheath to the axon to prevent major shunting of nodal action currents beneath the myelin sheath while still leaving a narrow channel interconnecting the internodal periaxonal space with the perinodal space. This pathway represents a potential route through which juxtaparanodal and internodal channels can influence nodal activity and through which nutrients, such as glucose, and other metabolites can diffuse to and from the internodal periaxonal space. 2) It serves as a mechanism for maintaining discrete, differentiated axolemmal domains at and around the node of Ranvier by acting as a barrier to the lateral movement of ion channel complexes within the axolemma, thus concentrating voltage-gated sodium channels at the node and segregating fast voltage-gated potassium channels to the juxtaparanode under the myelin sheath. 3) It attaches the myelin sheath to the axon on either side of the node and can thus maintain nodal dimensions in the face of mechanical stresses associated with stretch or other local factors that might cause disjunction. It is therefore the likely means for maintaining constancy of nodal surface area and electrical parameters essential for consistency in conduction.
Gene chips: Array of hope for understanding gene regulation

Abstract High density arrays of DNA fragments on a solid surface allow the expression of thousands of genes to be assessed in a single experiment. The development of this ‘gene chip' technique heralds a new era of studies that promises to provide an integrated view of the expression of all genes of an organism.
CW Optically Pumped Molecular Iodine Laser

Laser oscillation on several molecular iodine BO u + - X1∑ g + transitions is observed. The unique feature of this laser is that it is excited by a continuous wave optical pump, a single longitudinal mode Ar+ laser, and that it exhibits cw oscillation on more than 100 individually selectable transitions spanning more than one octave from 0.57 to 1.35μ. Optimum gain, pump threshold, and photon conversion efficiency, respectively 0.004 cm-1, 4 mW, and 10%, are obtained for laser transitions near 1.3μ.
Direct exposure to gallium arsenide upregulates costimulatory activity of murine macrophages.

Gallium arsenide (GaAs) is an intermetallic semiconductor compound used in the electronics industry. Acute exposure of animals to GaAs systemically suppresses several immune functions while paradoxically causing inflammation at the exposure site. We investigated the effect of GaAs on costimulatory activity of murine peritoneal macrophages, 5 days after ip exposure. Costimulation by macrophages was determined by activation of CD4(+) helper T cell hybridomas to secrete interleukin-2 in the presence of immobilized monoclonal anti-CD3 antibody. Both peritoneal exudate cells (PEC) and resident peritoneal cells exposed to GaAs provided greater costimulation to the T cells than vehicle control cells. Resident peritoneal cells exposed to GaAs were also more efficient than latex bead-exposed cells, indicating that phagocytosis alone did not cause the GaAs effect. Double immunofluorescence staining and flow cytometric analysis revealed that GaAs-exposed PEC had increased cell surface expression of costimulatory B7-1 and B7-2 molecules and intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) compared to controls. In addition to these molecules, resident peritoneal macrophages exposed to GaAs also expressed significantly higher levels of heat-stable antigen (HSA). Monoclonal antibodies specific for these costimulatory molecules significantly inhibited T cell activation, demonstrating that the molecules on GaAs-exposed cells were functional. In contrast, GaAs did not upregulate costimulatory molecules on splenic macrophages. These findings suggest that direct GaAs exposure improves macrophage costimulatory activity, possibly by activating the cells, which may contribute to respiratory inflammation caused by inhalation of GaAs particles.
Synthesis, structure and properties of a novel hybrid bimodal network elastomer with inorganic cross-links: The case of silicone–nanocrystalline titania

Abstract We describe an innovative concept of synthesizing a novel hybrid bimodal network elastomer with high strength–high ductility combination involving utilization of functionalized nanocrystalline titania as short-chain cross-links between neighboring elastomer chains. This subject is germane both fundamentally and from an application viewpoint. Silicone rubber is selected as the model elastomer. The short-chain cross-links are acrylic acid functionalized nanocrystalline titania that are an integral component of bimodal network structure of the elastomer. To delineate and separate the effects of functionalization from nanoparticle effects, a relative comparison is made between silicone rubber–titania nanocomposite (i.e. containing dispersion of titania as a reinforcement filler) and silicone rubber–titania hybrid network elastomer (i.e. titania as short chain cross-links). An important finding is that the effect of functionalized titania present as short chain cross-links is far more significant than non-functionalized titania present as reinforcement filler, on mechanical behavior. This is presently ascribed to the double bonds introduced to nanocrystalline titania via functionalization with acrylic acid that provide active sites for the cross-linking reaction resulting in inorganic bridging chains. The basic physical mechanisms that govern elastic recovery in hybrid bimodal network elastomer with short chain cross-links of functionalized nanocrystalline inorganic particles are discussed. The hypothesis of the study described here is that the hybrid bimodal network elastomer with short chain cross-links of functionalized nanocrystalline inorganic particles modifies the unimodal long chain network elastomer with consequent increase in modulus and high strength–ductility combination.
Detection of averaged heart rate response to tones in human newborns.

Response criteria for a significant averaged evoked heart rate response to 63 and 80 dB SPL tones at 500, 1000, 2000, 4000, 6000, and 8000 Hz were objectively defined by means of autoregressive analysis in 25 newborns (Group I). This statistical procedure for detecting significant heart rate (HR) change was based on predictions derived from heart rate activity occurring prior to onset of a stimulus. The Group I criteria were applied to HR responses of 65 newborns (Group II) averaged over 2 to 24 trials. Averaged HR changes were low for 2 trials but increasingly higher when based on the average over all 63dB SPL tones, all 80dB SPL tones, and finally, all tones; 43, 65, and 77 percent of the infants responded, respectively. For the last three conditions, the averages were based on 12, 12, and 24 trials, respectively. Results suggest that in human newborns the averaged HR response may (a) function as a reliable auditory response measure, (b) supplement other measures of neonatal responsivity to suprathreshold tones, (c) provide information on early auditory abilities and the developmental course of auditory functioning, and (d) serve as a technique for investigating cardiac orienting and the effects of behavioral teratogens on auditory functioning.
Predictive Genomics of Cardioembolic Stroke

Cardioembolic stroke is a complex disease resulting from the interaction of numerous factors. Using data from Genes Affecting Stroke Risk and Outcome Study (GASROS), we show that a multivariate predictive model built using Bayesian networks is able to achieve a predictive accuracy of 86% on the fitted values as computed by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve relative to that of the individual single nucleotide polymorphism with the highest prognostic performance (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve=60%).
Frs2α-deficiency in cardiac progenitors disrupts a subset of FGF signals required for outflow tract morphogenesis

The cardiac outflow tract (OFT) is a developmentally complex structure derived from multiple lineages and is often defective in human congenital anomalies. Although emerging evidence shows that fibroblast growth factor (FGF) is essential for OFT development, the downstream pathways mediating FGF signaling in cardiac progenitors remain poorly understood. Here, we report that FRS2α (FRS2), an adaptor protein that links FGF receptor kinases to multiple signaling pathways, mediates crucial aspects of FGF-dependent OFT development in mouse. Ablation of Frs2 α in mesodermal OFT progenitor cells that originate in the second heart field (SHF) affects their expansion into the OFT myocardium, resulting in OFT misalignment and hypoplasia. Moreover, Frs2 α mutants have defective endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition and neural crest cell recruitment into the OFT cushions, resulting in OFT septation defects. These results provide new insight into the signaling molecules downstream of FGF receptor tyrosine kinases in cardiac progenitors.
Damping of4He crystallization waves due to3He impurities

Abstract The damping of crystallization waves at the solid-liquid interface of4He has been systematically studied with3He concentrations from 0.3 to 158 ppb at temperatures below 0.5 K. At the higher concentrations of3He, we observe that the growth resistance, ( Km)-1, increases exponentially with increasing temperature. This exponential temperature dependence is consistent with3He diffusing in the region of the moving interface.
Cytochrome degradation and synthesis in fat body mitochondria during diapause, diapause termination and metamorphosis of Heliothis zea

Abstract Cytochrome degradation and resynthesis were measured in the fat body during facultative pupal diapause and adult development of the noctuid moth, Heliothis zea . Cytochrome haemes were labelled with [ 14 C]aminolevulinic acid (ALA) in newly-pupated H. zea to measure the turnover rate for mitochondrial cytochromes during diapause. The half-life determined for 14 C-labelled cytochromes during diapause was 7 days in fat body mitochondria. Capacities for cytochrome synthesis were assessed by measurements of ALA synthase activity and the rate of [ 14 C]ALA incorporation into cytohaemes. The activities of ALA synthase, the first enzyme in the pathway for porphyrin synthesis, and [ 14 C]ALA incorporation were high in newly-formed diapausing pupae but fell to levels that were 80–90% below developing levels during extended (approx. 1 yr) diapause. [ 14 C]ALA incorporation indicated that the capacity for cytochrome synthesis increased gradually in the fat body during pharate adult development following diapause termination and reached its maximum at adult eclosion. In contrast, ALA synthase activity remained low throughout fat body metamorphosis and increased only at adult eclosion. These results demonstrated that mitochondrial cytochromes were degraded in the fat body during dormancy and were not resynthesized in conjunction with diapause termination until late in pharate adult development.
Arsenic levels in ground water and cancer incidence in Idaho: an ecologic study

Long-term exposure to arsenic above 50 μg/L in drinking water has been related to multiple types of cancers. Few epidemiologic studies conducted in the US have detected an association between regional exposures below this level in drinking water and corresponding cancer occurrence rates. This county-level ecologic study evaluates arsenic levels in ground water and its association with targeted cancer incidence in Idaho, where some regions have been found to contain higher arsenic levels. Using cancer incidence data (1991–2005) from the Cancer Data Registry of Idaho and arsenic data (1991–2005) from the Idaho Department of Environmental Quality, we calculated the age-adjusted incidence rate for cancers of the urinary bladder, kidney and renal pelvis, liver and bile duct, lung and bronchus, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL), and all malignant cancers according to arsenic levels in ground water. Multivariate regression analysis was applied to evaluate the relationship between arsenic levels in ground water and cancer incidence. For males, but not for females, age-adjusted incidence for lung cancer and all malignant cancers was significantly higher in the intermediate arsenic counties (2–9 μg/L, n = 16) and the high arsenic counties (≥10 μg/L, n = 5) compared to the low arsenic counties (<2.0 μg/L, n = 23). When adjusted for race, gender, population density, smoking and body mass index (BMI), no relationship was found between arsenic levels in ground water and cancer incidence. In this ecological design, exposure to low-level arsenic in ground water is not associated with cancer incidence when adjusting for salient variables. For populations residing in southwestern Idaho, where arsenic has been found to exceed 10 μg/L in ground water, individual risk assessment is required in order to determine whether there is a link between long-term arsenic exposure at these levels and cancer risk.
Complications in Brief: Meniscus Repair

Meniscal repair affords preservation of meniscal tissue which may improve function and durability of the knee. Understanding the indications, knowledge of the applied anatomy, technical proficiency, and appropriate postoperative management are imperative to ensure optimal outcome and avoid complications.
Effects of a new antiestrogen, keoxifene (LY156758), on growth of carcinogen-induced mammary tumors and on LH and prolactin levels

Keoxifene (LY156758) is a new benzothiophene-derived antiestrogen with an extremely low degree of estrogenicity. Administration of 1-20 mg/kg per day inhibited the growth of 7, 12-dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA)-induced mammary tumors in rats. The degree of inhibition of mammary tumor growth was similar to that observed with tamoxifen treatment.
In situ field measurements of aquatic animal-fluid interactions using a Self-Contained Underwater Velocimetry Apparatus (SCUVA)

We describe the development of a Self-Contained Underwater Velocimetry Apparatus (SCUVA) that enables a single SCUBA diver to make in situ digital particle image velocimetry (DPIV) measurements of animal-fluid interactions in real time. The device is demonstrated in a study of the dynamics of Aurelia labiata jellyfish swimming in the coastal waters of Long Beach, California. We analyze the DPIV measurements by computing the kinetic energy in the flow field induced by an animal’s swimming motions. As a proof-of-concept, we compare these results with an existing theoretical model and find that the results are consistent with one another. However, SCUVA provides details regarding the temporal evolution of the energetics during the swimming cycle, unlike the model. These results suggest the usefulness of SCUVA as a method to obtain quantitative field measurements of in situ animal-fluid interactions.
Bremsstrahlung model calculation of high-energy nucleon--nucleon scattering

A model calculation of nucleon-nucleon scattering is presented which results in an amplitude that in the elastic high-energy limit realizes the Wu- Yang idea regarding the relation between the elastic form factor of the nucleon and the differential cross section and which is consistent with the behavior of the differential cross section for the production of nucleon resonances. The calculation makes use of results obtained with the same model in the study of electroproduction. (auth)
Polymer-supported nucleophilic radiolabeling reactions with [18F]fluoride and [11C]cyanide ion on quaternary ammonium resins

Polymeric reagents are particularly valuable aids in radiopharmaceutical synthesis where fast, simple and easily automated chemical operations are necessary. Nucleophilic radiofluorination is an operation which could be simplified through use of polymeri reagents. Existing procedures require several steps to convert aqueous [ Flfluoride form the target to an organic soluble vlactivatedvv form suitable for nucleophilic displacement reactions. The steps include addition of base and solubilizing agent and azeotropic removal of water. The procedure is time c nsuming and can result in significant contamination or loss of expensive p80 target water. Furthermore, after the labeling reaction is complete an additional step is usually necessary for removal of base and solubilizing agent prior to HPLC purification of the reaction mixture.
Gastroesophageal reflux disease

In summary, GERD is a common disorder with a variety of clinical presentations. Pathology may involve multiple factors. Life-style modifications should be part of all therapy for GERD. Continued improvements in medical treatment options now make GERD manageable in the majority of patients. Selecting the appropriate initial therapy and recognizing the chronic nature of GERD and need for maintenance therapy in many patients is essential.
A synthesis of 7α-substituted estradiols : synthesis and biological evaluation of a 7α-pentyl-substituted BODIPY fluorescent conjugate and a fluorine-18-labeled 7α-pentylestradiol analog

Abstract In an effort to assist in the preparation of ligands for the study of the estrogen receptor (ER), we have developed a new synthesis of 7α-substituted estradiols. The key step in the synthesis involves a copper-catalyzed, α-selective, 1,6-conjugate addition of 4-pentenyl magnesium bromide to a suitably protected 6-dehydrotestosterone derivative. Desaturation and then reductive aromatization of the resulting 7α-pentenyl androgen gave the 7α-pentenylestradiol in good yields. The α-stereoselectivity of this addition in the testosterone series, compared with the 19-nortestosterone series, is significantly improved by the presence of the C-19 methyl group, which shields the beta face from attack. A key intermediate was functionalized further by substitution with fluorine-18 to provide a potential imaging agent for positron emission tomography, and by conjugation with a BODIPY (Molecular Probes Inc., Eugene, OR, USA) fluorophore to make a fluorescent probe for the estrogen receptor. The synthesis and biological evaluation of these analogs is presented, as well as a discussion of the improvements in the synthetic procedure.
Moving Toward Parity? Dominant Gender Ideology versus Community Journalism in High School Basketball Coverage

This research uses a content analysis to explore how male and female high school athletes are framed. In analyzing basketball coverage from 121 unique newspapers, results show that although boys received the bulk of the coverage, the gap in parity is much smaller compared to prior research. Furthermore, girls were generally not framed as overtly feminine. Still, the coverage also reflects lingering commonsense assumptions about gender, most notably in reference to the athletic body. The authors discuss the potential of high school sports coverage to challenge normative understandings of gender and sports and to consider the role community journalism standards may play in the construction of equitable and just interscholastic sports coverage.
Nonlinear response of streamflow to groundwater pumping for a hydrologic streamflow model

Groundwater management models that combine optimization methods with coupled stream/aquifer simulation models are considered. Designing algorithms to solve these problems benefits from improved understanding of the nature of the functional relationship between well extraction and streamflow. An analysis is conducted of the nature of this relationship for the Modflow Stream Package stream/aquifer simulation model. Derivatives of the algebraic implementation of the code and numerical testing on a hypothetical problem are used to perform the analysis. Results indicate that a nonlinear relation exists and that it is expected to be bounded and mild under all practical circumstances. The streamflow function may be convex or concave depending on the location of the observation point relative to the well and the ratio of streambed conductance to hydraulic conductivity. For a given setting of well and observation location, the function is likely to be either concave or convex under all practical values of pumping rates and model parameters.
PERTURBATION FORMULAS FOR THE ENERGY LEVELS OF THE SLIGHTLY ASYMMETRIC TOP

Abstract Using the adiabatic theorem, a new perturbation method is developed for obtaining the energy levels of the slightly asymmetric top. Then, by expanding the energy levels in terms of Wang's asymmetry parameter b = (C − B) (2A − B − C) , general formulas are obtained for the coefficients of bn through n = 7 for all values of J and K.
THE ANTERIOR PITUITARY FACTOR WHICH MAINTAINS MUSCLE GLYCOGEN IN FASTED HYPOPHYSECTOMIZED RATS1

That hypophysectomized animals are unable to preserve their carbohydrate stores during fasting like normal animals is now well known (1–6). As reported in a preliminary paper by Russell and Bennett (7), anterior pituitary extracts have been found to restore this function under certain circumstances. The present communication presents further studies on the factor in the anterior lobe which is responsible for this action.
Monolithic Teflon membrane valves and pumps for harsh chemical and low-temperature use.

Microfluidic diaphragm valves and pumps capable of surviving conditions required for unmanned spaceflight applications have been developed. The Pasteur payload of the European ExoMars Rover is expected to experience temperatures ranging between −100 °C and +50 °C during its transit to Mars and on the Martian surface. As such, the Urey instrument package, which contains at its core a lab-on-a-chip capillary electrophoresis analysis system first demonstrated by Mathies et al., requires valving and pumping systems that are robust under these conditions before and after exposure to liquid samples, which are to be analyzed for chemical signatures of past or present living processes. The microfluidic system developed to meet this requirement uses membranes consisting of Teflon® and Teflon® AF as a deformable material in the valve seat region between etched Borofloat glass wafers. Pneumatic pressure and vacuum, delivered via off-chip solenoid valves, are used to actuate individual on-chip valves. Valve sealing properties of Teflon® diaphragm valves, as well as pumping properties from collections of valves, are characterized. Secondary processing for embossing the membrane against the valve seats after fabrication is performed to optimize single valve sealing characteristics. A variety of different material solutions are found to produce robust devices. The optimal valve system utilizes a membrane of mechanically cut Teflon® sandwiched between two thin spun films of Teflon® AF-1600 as a composite “laminated” diaphragm. Pump rates up to 1600 nL s−1 are achieved with pumps of this kind. These high pumping rates are possible because of the very fast response of the membranes to applied pressure, enabling extremely fast pump cycling with relatively small liquid volumes, compared to analogous diaphragm pumps. The developed technologies are robust over extremes of temperature cycling and are applicable in a wide range of chemical environments.
Proposal for a histological scoring and grading system for non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease

: Aim/Background: The spectrum of histopathological features in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been well described. At least two scoring systems have been established. We propose here a system in which numerical scores are obtained using the different features. Methods: Twenty-five cases of well-defined NAFLD were idengified. Two pathologists blinded to idengifiers and clinical data independently scored the liver biopsies twice for portal fibrosis (PF: 0–6), lobular inflammation and necrosis (LIN: 0–3), Mallory bodies (MB: 0–3), hepatocyte ballooning (HB: 0–3), perisinusoidal fibrosis (PSF: 0–3) and fatty change (FC: 1–4). The κ statistic tested observer concordance. Non-parametric measures of correlation and hierarchical cluster analysis were used to elaborate a grading system. Results: A broad spectrum of NAFLD was observed. Intra- and interobserver concordance was satisfactory. An activity score was created (AS: 0–12) as the sum of LIN, MB, HB and PSF, but not FC. A system for severity of NAFLD was developed: Grade 1 (PF: 0–2 and AS: 0–4), Grade 2 (PF: 3 or AS: 5–7) and Grade 3 (PF: 4–6 or AS: 8–12). Diabetes, elevated alkaline phosphatase and decreased platelets were associated with advanced grade. Conclusions: This simple, reproducible NAFLD score produces a three-tier severity grade. This numerical system may prove useful in assessing disease severity and interval changes.
Analysis and Distribution of 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU) in Biological Specimens

We have developed a sensitive (100 ppb), easily performed high performance liquid chromatography (ultraviolet) assay for 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU) in biological fluids and tissues. This assay has been used to determine drug levels in plasma and brain of normal dogs receiving BCNU (10 mg/kg) with three infusion protocols: (a) intravenous (5- to 10-minute infusion), (b) intracarotid (30- to 60-minute infusion), and (c) intracarotid (10-minute infusion). The levels of BCNU in the ipsilateral brain were maximized (11.0 and 14.4 micrograms/ml) after the 10-minute intracarotid administration. These levels were 2- to 3-fold greater than those seen using alternative infusions. These direct measurement studies provide strong support for intracarotid BCNU therapy of patients with malignant glioma,
Impact of Communication Structure on System Design: Towards a Controlled Test of Conway's Law

Conway's law is generally assumed by researchers and practitioners to hold, despite a relative lack of empirical confirmation. To better understand the effects of Conway's law on software development, we conducted a pilot study. The study consisted of a controlled experiment, in which small teams with strictly defined communication channels were tasked with designing a system. We compare the various communication structures of our experimental groups with their resulting system architectures. Due to the small scale of this pilot study, the results are inconclusive. For instance, none of the treatment groups achieved the ideal system architecture, presumably due to Conway's law, on the other hand, every treatment group's solution ended up closer to the ideal system architecture than to their organizational structure, which may contradict Conway's law. The study also reveals interesting social dynamics that may help explain the law, at least in part. Based on our findings, we hope to replicate this experiment with improved methods and a larger sample size. This report is intended as a contribution to the RESER 2013 joint replication project on Conway's law.
Absence of the Common Gamma Chain (γc), a Critical Component of the Type I IL-4 Receptor, Increases the Severity of Allergic Lung Inflammation

The TH2 cytokines, IL-4 and IL-13, play critical roles in inducing allergic lung inflammation and drive the alternative activation of macrophages (AAM). Although both cytokines share receptor subunits, IL-4 and IL-13 have differential roles in asthma pathogenesis: IL-4 regulates TH2 cell differentiation, while IL-13 regulates airway hyperreactivity and mucus production. Aside from controlling TH2 differentiation, the unique contribution of IL-4 signaling via the Type I receptor in airway inflammation remains unclear. Therefore, we analyzed responses in mice deficient in gamma c (γc) to elucidate the role of the Type I IL-4 receptor. OVA primed CD4+ OT-II T cells were adoptively transferred into RAG2−/− and γc−/− mice and allergic lung disease was induced. Both γc−/− and γcxRAG2−/− mice developed increased pulmonary inflammation and eosinophilia upon OVA challenge, compared to RAG2−/− mice. Characteristic AAM proteins FIZZ1 and YM1 were expressed in lung epithelial cells in both mouse strains, but greater numbers of FIZZ1+ or YM1+ airways were present in γc−/− mice. Absence of γc in macrophages, however, resulted in reduced YM1 expression. We observed higher TH2 cytokine levels in the BAL and an altered DC phenotype in the γc−/− recipient mice suggesting the potential for dysregulated T cell and dendritic cell (DC) activation in the γc-deficient environment. These results demonstrate that in absence of the Type I IL-4R, the Type II R can mediate allergic responses in the presence of TH2 effectors. However, the Type I R regulates AAM protein expression in macrophages.
Extraction of battery parameters of the equivalent circuit model using a multi-objective genetic algorithm

Abstract A simple but reasonably accurate battery model is required for simulating the performance of electrical systems that employ a battery for example an electric vehicle, as well as for investigating their potential as an energy storage device. In this paper, a relatively simple equivalent circuit based model is employed for modeling the performance of a battery. A computer code utilizing a multi-objective genetic algorithm is developed for the purpose of extracting the battery performance parameters. The code is applied to several existing industrial batteries as well as to two recently proposed high performance batteries which are currently in early research and development stage. The results demonstrate that with the optimally extracted performance parameters, the equivalent circuit based battery model can accurately predict the performance of various batteries of different sizes, capacities, and materials. Several test cases demonstrate that the multi-objective genetic algorithm can serve as a robust and reliable tool for extracting the battery performance parameters.
Porous Spherical Shells and Microspheres by Electrodispersion Precipitation

The ability to reproduce the synthesis of dense- and porous-microspheres and micron-sized spherical shells is very important in (a) the development of ceramics for structural, electronic, catalyst and thermal applications; and (b) the encapsulation of products for controlled-release of drugs, flavors and perfumes, and inks and dyes, and the protection of light-sensitive components and mechanical support of fragile materials. Larger metallic- and ceramic-spherical shells have been used in inertial confinement fusion (ICF) experiments and as catalyst supports. The current paper will focus on a recent technique that has been developed for synthesizing ceramic microspheres and micro-shells. Pulsed electric fields have been used to enhance the dispersion of aqueous metal (Zr and Al) salt solutions from a nozzle and into a nonconducting liquid continuous phase that is immiscible with the aqueous phase. The diameter of the resulting microdroplets ranged in size from approximately 0.1 to 10 {mu}m. Precipitation of hydrous metal oxides occurred as ammonia, which was dissolved in varying amounts in the continuous phase, diffused into the aqueous microdroplets. Spherical shells were formed at higher ammonia concentrations and microspheres were produced at lower ammonia concentrations. Upon drying, dimples appeared in the particles that were synthesized at higher ammonia concentrations. The latter result accords with the well known fact that under certain conditions spherical shells collapse when a fluid is extracted from the core of the particle. No dimples were observed in the microspheres that were produced at lower ammonia concentrations. Analog X-ray dot maps for aluminum and zirconium were done to determine the spatial distribution of each metal in the particles.
Space Utilization for Ocean Power Generation Technologies

This paper concerns how much ocean space would be utilized for a 10MW or 50MW ocean power plant. The most promising emerging technologies from space utilization points-of-view (i.e., power per unit sea area, environmental aspects, navigational aspects, cost, etc.) appear to be distributed subsea systems. A case example for a 10 MW subsea ocean power project would be 20 to 100 individual moored generators, positioned in an array. The units would generate electricity independently but be interconnected to a single transmission/communications infrastructure. Along with the size of the individual moored generators (which are relatively small), the calculation procedure for ocean space utilization takes into account that: (1) there is an optimum positioning for the individual moored units so that the energy extracted from one unit does not interfere with adjacent units; (2) there is a spacing criteria both among the individual units and surrounding the entire array for environmental, operations and maintenance, and navigational issues, and; (3) there is an optimum spacing to minimize electrical transmission and communication infrastructure costs. Several case examples are presented for distributed subsea systems. These examples range from 1 MW pilot scale to 10–100 MW utility scales. It has been calculated that a 10MW distributed subsea ocean power plant would occupy 100 acres of ocean space when taking into account ocean space utilization factors identified above. For larger utility scale facilities, ocean space utilization was calculated to be approximately 50 megawatts per square mile.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
A retrospective analysis of a child and adolescent eMental Health program.

ABSTRACT Objective New models of psychiatric intervention are needed to improve the accessibility of mental health care in the primary care setting, particularly in rural areas of the United States and especially for children and adolescents. The aim of this study was to examine the diagnostic characteristics and outcomes for children referred for eMental Health consultations at UC Davis (videoconferencing, telephone, and secure e-mail) from 10 primary care clinics in rural northern California. Method A retrospective analysis was conducted on the diagnostic and clinical outcomes of 139 referred children who received a full psychiatric diagnostic evaluation via videoconferencing. Within the group, a convenience sample of 58 initial and 41 three-month follow-up Child Behavior Checklists (CBCLs) was collected. Results Comprehensive eMental Health programs appear to be effective for psychiatric diagnosis and assessment of children. Attention deficit (36.2%) and mood (28.1%) disorders were the most common diagnostic groupings overall. Most children were seen only once, but a statistically significant improvement between initial evaluation and 3-month follow-up in the convenience sample was seen in the Affect and Oppositional domains of the CBCL for girls and boys, respectively. Conclusions Versatile eMental Health programs, incorporating standardized checklists, may assist in diagnosis and treatment of rural children. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry , 2008;47(1):103-107.
Guiding sampling-based tree search for motion planning with dynamics via probabilistic roadmap abstractions

This paper focuses on motion-planning problems for high-dimensional mobile robots with nonlinear dynamics operating in complex environments. It is motivated by a recent framework that combines sampling-based motion planning in the state space with discrete search over a workspace decomposition. Building on this line of work, the premise of this paper is that the computational efficiency can be significantly improved by tightly coupling sampling-based motion planning with probabilistic roadmap abstractions instead of workspace decompositions. Probabilistic roadmap abstractions are constructed over a low-dimensional configuration space obtained by considering relaxed and simplified representations of the robot model and its feasible motions. By capturing the connectivity of the free configuration space, roadmap abstractions provide the framework with promising suggestions of how to effectively expand the sampling-based search in the full state space. Experiments with high-dimensional robot models, nonlinear dynamics, and nonholonomic constraints show significant computational speedups over related work.
Influence of backbone chain length and functional groups of organic modifiers on crystallinity and nanomechanical properties of intercalated clay-polycaprolactam nanocomposites

In this paper, we report the influence of chain length of organic modifier on the crystallinity and nanomechanical properties of polymer clay nanocomposites (PCNs) using modifiers of three different chain lengths while maintaining the same functional groups. We also report the influence of change in functional group on the properties, while maintaining the same backbone and length. The clay and polymer used are the same in all cases. The PCNs have been synthesised with these modifiers, and their crystallinity and nanomechanical properties have been evaluated to assess the influence of backbone chain-length and functional groups. Our study reveals that backbone chain length of organic modifier has significant effect on the structure, crystallinity and nanomechanical properties of PCNs. Further it is observed that end functional group of organic modifier also has significant effect on the crystallinity and nanomechanical properties of PCN. However, the change in backbone chain-length of organic modifier plays a more critical role on the crystallinity and nanomechanical properties of PCNs.
Supporting time-critical clients in scalable pub-sub systems

In a publish-subscribe environment like the Air Force Joint Battlespace Infosphere (JBI), information/data has to be efficiently and reliably transmitted between servers and clients. However, due to various reasons such as unexpected network traffic, hardware/software failure, etc., the overlay network of the system may require reconfiguration, leading to intolerable service interruption of information flow to time-critical applications. This paper proposes theoretical methods for providing temporary respite to the time-critical clients while the backbone network is under repair.