cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fast color transfer for camouflage applications

Color transfer techniques have been widely developed to manipulate color information of image data in many applications. In this paper, color transfer research is presented for camouflage applications, along with the challenges facing many state-of-the-art color transfer methods. To address these challenges, a new fast color transfer algorithm is proposed. This new fast color transfer algorithm follows a classical color transfer framework, consisting of two parts: domain color extraction and color replacement. However, unlike other existing color transfer algorithms, this algorithm performs domain color extraction using a sampling process to reduce the dataset size of the classification process within the algorithm. Once the dataset size of the information to be classified is reduced, corresponding computational cost is largely decreased, thus improving the speed of the color transfer algorithm. Following previous domain color extraction process to collected domain color information, color replacement is conducted to change the color distribution of the target images (camouflage images) to be similar to those of the source images (operational background images). The entire algorithm is processed in a luminance-chrominance-independent (Lαβ) color model space. Experimental results show the performance of the proposed algorithm.
New developments in cooling systems

A June 1990 international symposium on cooling towers and spray ponds presented an array of new advances in state-of-the-art cooling systems. Held in Leningrad under the auspices of the International Association of Hydraulic Research, the meeting included 60 technical papers. Proceedings have been published as an EPRI report in cooperation with symposium host B. E. Vedeneev All-Union Research Institute of Hydraulic Engineering (VNIIG), Leningrad. This article reviews several concepts that were presented by authors and attendees at that meetings.
Acceptability and compliance with a remote monitoring system to track smoking and abstinence among young smokers.

ABSTRACTBackground: Similar to adult smokers, quit attempts among younger smokers almost inevitably result in relapse. Unlike adults, less is known about the process of relapse in this younger age group. A technology-based remote monitoring system may allow for detailed and accurate characterization of smoking and abstinence and would help to improve cessation strategies. Objectives: This study describes a mobile system that captures smoking using breath carbon monoxide (CO) and real-time self-reports of smoking behavior. Compliance, feasibility, acceptability, and accuracy of the system were measured during a quit attempt and subsequent monitoring period. Methods: The mobile application (My Mobile Monitor, M3) combined breath CO with ecological momentary assessment, delivered via smartphone. Participants (N = 16; 75% female) were daily smokers between the ages of 19 and 25, who used the app for 11 days during which they agreed to make a quit attempt. Acceptability, compliance, and abstinence were measure...
Anti-Resorptive and Anabolic Bone Agents

Publisher Summary Osteoporosis therapy seeks to maintain or increase bone mass and strength so that fracture risk is reduced. This can be done by decreasing the rate of bone resorption, increasing the rate of bone deposition, or by a combination of both actions. This can be achieved by antiresorptive and anabolic bone agents. Several novel approaches for inhibition of bone resorption are detailed, including integrin α v β 3 antagonists, cathepsin K inhibitors, and inhibitors of the OPG/RANKL/RANK (Osteoprotegerin/ receptor activator of NF- κB pathway by its ligand/ receptor activator of NF-κB) system. While parathyroid hormone-derived agents are the only approved therapy for the treatment of osteoporosis, that work through a mechanism of increasing bone deposition, there are active research and development efforts to add to this paradigm. This chapter reviews novel parathyroid hormone products, selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs), growth hormone secretagogues, insulin-like growth factors, proteosome inhibitors, and statins.
Trichomonal sinusitis in an adolescent patient with multiple trauma.

: Trichomonal disease typically involves the genital and occasionally respiratory tracts. Although exposure of the upper respiratory tract to infected genital secretions is not uncommon with contemporary sexual practices, trichomonal sinus disease has been rarely described. The present report describes the case of a healthy 17-year-old male admitted to an intensive care unit following multiple trauma, who developed purulent sinusitis on the 4th day of hospitalization. Numerous trichomonads were noted on microscopic examination of sinus aspirate. Further investigation revealed orofacial sexual exposure of the patient to a partner with trichomoniasis. The patient's sinusitis resolved following a course of parenteral metronidazole-containing antibiotics.
Anisotropic magnetostriction of CeAl2 near its antifeeromagnetic transition

The magnetostriction of polycrystalline samples of Ce${\mathrm{Al}}_{2}$ has been measured as a function of temperature and magnetic field in the vicinity of its low-temperature phase transition. We find that the magnetostrictive response is dominantly anisotropic, reflecting the anisotropy of the $4f$ charge distribution. The volume magnetostriction upon entering the low-temperature phase (LTP) precludes any significant valence change of the Ce atoms. The anisotropic magnetostriction in the LTP indicates the development of a spontaneous antiferromagnetic (AF) ordering transverse to the external field. Studies of the orientation of this transverse AF polarization show both irreproducible domain orientation in field and a reversible orientation due apparently to a continuous microscopic rotation of the AF order parameter.
Free Electron Laser Wave and Particle Dynamics

In a free electron laser, a beam of relativistic electrons passes through a static periodic magnetic field to amplify a superimposed coherent optical wave (Figure 1). Here, the lasing process has been reduced to its most fundamental form and is manifestly classical in nature. This point is at the root of many of the free electron lasers potential advantages over conventional atomic lasers; many properties of atomic lasers such as efficiency, are limited by quantum mechanics. This new laser is free from the bonds constraining atomic lasers to a particular wavelength and therefore is continuously tunable. The optical cavity contains only light, radiating electrons and the magnetic field so that intense optical fields may propagate without the degrading non-linear effects (self-focussing, etc.) of denser media. The advanced technology of high-energy electron accelerators and storage rings promises efficient recirculation of the beam energy.
Correlations and electronic order in a two-orbital honeycomb lattice model for twisted bilayer graphene

The recent observation of superconductivity in proximity to an insulating phase in twisted bilayer graphene (TBG) at small ``magic'' twist angles has been linked to the existence of nearly flat bands, which make TBG a fresh playground to investigate the interplay between correlations and superconductivity. The low-energy narrow bands were shown to be well described by an effective tight-binding model on the honeycomb lattice (the dual of the triangular Moir\'e superlattice) with a local orbital degree of freedom. In this paper, we perform a strong-coupling analysis of the proposed $\left({p}_{x},\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}{p}_{y}\right)$ two-orbital extended Hubbard model on the honeycomb lattice. By decomposing the interacting terms in the particle-particle and particle-hole channels, we classify the different possible superconducting, magnetic, and charge instabilities of the system. In the pairing case, we pay particular attention to the two-component ($d\text{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{wave}$) pairing channels, which admit vestigial phases with nematic or chiral orders, and study their phenomenology. Furthermore, we explore the strong-coupling regime by obtaining a simplified spin-orbital exchange model which may describe a putative Mott-type insulating state at quarter-filling. Our mean-field solution reveals a rich intertwinement between ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic orders with different types of nematic and magnetic orbital orders. Overall, our work provides a solid framework for further investigations of the phase diagram of the two-orbital extended Hubbard model in both strong- and weak-coupling regimes.
o-Groups of finite rank and divisibility in their groups of o-automorphisms

We provide a full description of totally ordered groups of finite archimedean rank and study solvability of equations of the form $$x^n=g$$ in the group of ordered automorphisms of an a-closed totally ordered group G of finite archimedean rank. We also give a full description of these groups of o-automorphisms and a characterization of the elements of a particular group that have an n-th root.
Image Artifacts in Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Among Patients With Multiple Sclerosis.

Purpose: To evaluate artifacts in optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) images of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and healthy controls.Materials and methods: This was a prospective cros...
Solitude and the Consent of Language: Marosa di Giorgio and Emily Dickinson.

“Solitude and the Consent of Language: Marosa di Giorgio and Emily Dickinson,” examines how the Uruguayan, Marosa di Giorgio, draws from Emily Dickinson’s poetry to imagine the mind’s solitude as a recuperation of linguistic and signifying freedom within the acute context of imposed consent during the Uruguayan dictatorship. I suggest that the question at work within both poet’s oeuvre has to do with how poetic form might access the tension between what each understood as the mind’s solitude, that is, its individual interpretive processes, and the pulls of communal life, which include governmental, juridical, narrative and pedagogical systems, as they are negotiated through language. In addition to being an interdisciplinary analysis that brings together the fields of philosophy, U.S., and Latin American letters, this paper calls attention to two women writers who are rarely considered together within literary and cultural studies.
Navigating medical culture and LGBTQ identity

Background Contextualised within minority stress theory, this study explores the experiences of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) medical students and how they navigate medical school as sexual minorities. Past research indicates many LGBTQ medical students have witnessed medical school staff make prejudice comments about LGBTQ patients, leading sexual minority students to suppress LGBTQ identities and experience adverse mental health outcomes. Methods Focus groups were conducted with 12 LGBTQ medical students from four different Michigan-based medical schools. Results Findings show that LGBTQ medical students have a difficult time managing their sexual minority status, but non-white LGBTQ medical students experience medical school at an intersection of sexual-identity oppression and racial discrimination. LGBTQ medical students abandon hopes of creating close relationships with faculty members and educators because they have witnessed them make derogatory comments towards LGBTQ patients. The burden of performing well academically and suppressing important aspects of the students' identities creates a stressful work environment that contributes to poor mental health. 'Don't let the doctors know about your sexuality because they might know someone who knows someone. …' DISCUSSION: Based on this study's findings, there are two recommendations. First, medical school staff should foster a more inclusive environment for students that disrupts the dominance of heteronormative standards, which ultimately underpins LGBTQ health disparities, more generally. Second, medical school faculty members should show their support to LGBTQ students so they can recognise allies and create supportive networks through these individuals. These relationships could encourage students to become successful professionally, but also promote confident and positive feelings about their identities.
Teacher Effects in Early Grades: Evidence from a Randomized Study.

Background/ContextOne important question to educational research is whether teachers can influence student achievement over time. This question is related to the durability of teacher effects on st...
Fostering Immigrants' Trust in Online Local Social Exchange

Immigrants use technologies for socialization in new countries, but HCI scholars have not explored this research space. In my dissertation, I am adopting the social exchange theory to explore this research space. My first study suggested that trust is the key to addressing immigrants' concerns about social exchange through technologies. Following this finding, my ongoing work will be focused on designing interventions to address these trust-related concerns. My dissertation should shed light on inclusive design supporting immigrants' socialization, and inform research on other newcomers (e.g., domestic migrants and refugees) and specific forms of resource exchange (e.g., ridesharing and language exchange).
Health Adversity and Value Change

Life span theories of human development assert that people prioritize emotional values over informational values when they believe their time is limited. This process unfolds naturally as people ag...
Group Sparsity-Based Local Multipath Doppler Difference Estimation in Over-the-Horizon Radar

In sky-wave over-the-horizon radar systems, the received signal contains local multipath signal components as a result of reflection and refraction from ionosphere and the earth surface. For a maneuvering target, these multipath signals generally yield three distinct, yet closely separated, and highly time-varying Doppler components. Due to the proximity of these Doppler frequencies, it is a challenging task to accurately estimate the difference between these signatures, which reveal the important elevation velocity of the target. In this paper, we propose a group sparsity-based approach that exploits the correlation between these Doppler signatures and utilizes the a priori information about their characteristics. Simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Between Revolution and the Market: Bob Marley and the Cultural Politics of the Youth Icon

By tracing shifting interpretations of Bob Marley, this chapter demonstrates how youth icons are collectively reimagined across social and political boundaries. Prestholdt analyzes how a figure that represented a relatively obscure musical genre at the beginning of the 1970s became a globally recognized voice for diverse social and political movements by the end of the decade. By the 1990s, however, fans and marketers simultaneously de-emphasized the militant edges of Marley’s message, reimagining him more as a transcendent mystic than a revolutionary. The chapter identifies the central developments and actors that drove this process of collective reimagining.
Severe vitamin deficiencies in pregnancy complicated by progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis

Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (PFIC) is a rare disease of impaired bile acid excretion which can lead to nutritional deficiencies. Vitamin deficiencies during pregnancy can result in adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. A 20-year-old primiparous woman at 30 4/7 weeks with PFIC type 2 presented with worsening cholestasis, coagulopathy and fat-soluble vitamin deficiency. She developed visual deficits and was found to have severe vitamin A deficiency. Her coagulopathy and visual deficits improved following vitamin K and A supplementation, respectively. She delivered at 32 2/7 weeks following preterm labour. This case highlights several unique aspects in the care of pregnant women with liver disease. These patients are at risk for fat-soluble vitamin deficiencies which can result in significant coagulopathy and rarely, visual deficits due to vitamin A deficiency. Prompt treatment is necessary to prevent permanent sequelae.
Narrative review of socioeconomic and racial disparities in the treatment of early stage lung cancer.

Background To review and discuss the current literature regarding socio-economic and racial disparities in the treatment of early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).Background: Lung cancer is the most lethal solid organ malignancy in the United States, with the second-highest incidence of new malignances for both men and women. While overall survival for lung cancer is improving, significant socioeconomic and racial disparities in outcomes for lung cancer persist. Methods Narrative review of peer reviewed literature synthesizing findings retrieved from searches of computerized databases, primary article reference lists, authoritative texts and expert options. Results The current incidence of lung cancer appears to be similar between White and Black patients. However, Black patients are substantially less likely to receive curative intent surgery. Mitigation strategies do exist to narrow this inequity. Lower socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with a higher incidence of lung cancer, lower utilization of surgery and poorer outcomes after surgery. Conclusions Race and SES remain closely linked to outcomes in lung cancer. Outcomes are still worse when controlling for stage and specifically, in early-stage disease, surgical therapy is consistently underused in Black patients and patients of low SES.
The impact of plate shape and organization on Americans’ perceptions of Korean restaurants

This research examines the joint effect of plate shape and plate placement in the context of multiple Korean side dishes, called banchan. Our findings indicate that, when side dishes are presented ...
How corporate social responsibility can incentivize top managers: A commitment to sustainability as an agency intervention

Over the past few years, scholarly interest in corporate social responsibility (CSR) has been increasing. However, research on the relationship between CSR and firm performance has revealed a complicated relationship. In this paper, we argue that part of the basis for the generally positive relationship between CSR and firm performance might come from a reduction in agency costs. Relying on behavioral agency theory, we construct a model in which CSR moderates the impact of the agency problem on specific firm outcomes, including firm performance, the use of stock options, and goodwill. Based on panel data of publicly traded U.S. firms from 1999 to 2013, we find support for that model. These findings suggest the role of CSR in improving corporate governance efficiency through mitigating agency problems inside the firm.
Krüppel-like factor 6-mediated loss of BCAA catabolism contributes to kidney injury in mice and humans.

Altered cellular metabolism in kidney proximal tubule (PT) cells plays a critical role in acute kidney injury (AKI). The transcription factor Kruppel-like factor 6 (KLF6) is rapidly and robustly induced early in the PT after AKI. We found that PT-specific Klf6 knockdown (Klf6PTKD) is protective against AKI and kidney fibrosis in mice. Combined RNA and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing analysis demonstrated that expression of genes encoding branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) catabolic enzymes was preserved in Klf6PTKD mice, with KLF6 occupying the promoter region of these genes. Conversely, inducible KLF6 overexpression suppressed expression of BCAA genes and exacerbated kidney injury and fibrosis in mice. In vitro, injured cells overexpressing KLF6 had similar decreases in BCAA catabolic gene expression and were less able to utilize BCAA. Furthermore, knockdown of BCKDHB, which encodes one subunit of the rate-limiting enzyme in BCAA catabolism, resulted in reduced ATP production, while treatment with BCAA catabolism enhancer BT2 increased metabolism. Analysis of kidney function, KLF6, and BCAA gene expression in human chronic kidney disease patients showed significant inverse correlations between KLF6 and both kidney function and BCAA expression. Thus, targeting KLF6-mediated suppression of BCAA catabolism may serve as a key therapeutic target in AKI and kidney fibrosis.
Development and Assessment of a Low Literacy, Pictographic Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome Action Plan.

Objective To develop and assess an evidence-based, individualized Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome Action Plan (CVSAP) to optimize both preventative and acute care. Study design This implementation science project synthesized a combination of clinical practice guidelines, published literature, and clinical experience by a team of CVS clinicians to develop the CVSAP. The tool was developed to include validated pictograms and an automatic, embedded, weight-based dosing calculator to output acute management recommendations. The final version of the CVSAP was tested by patients/caregivers, readability calculators, medical librarians, and clinicians using validated metrics. Results All pictograms met criteria for inclusion in the CVSAP. Composite readability score = 5.32 was consistent with a fifth-grade level. P/Cs (n=70) judged the CVSAP to be of high quality with CIRF rating=84.2%. Six medical librarians rated the CVSAP to have 93% Understandability and 100% Actionability and 33clinicians completing the SAM generated a suitability rating of 87.5%. Conclusions The CVSAP visually highlights individualized care plan components to facilitate optimized preventative and acute CVS care. Further investigation will determine if CVSAP increases caregiver confidence and compliance in home management and improves quality of life and clinical outcomes for patients with CVS.
Toward a New Design Philosophy: Politics and the Aesthetic of “We” Human-and-Technology in Interaction Design

This paper suggests that the relation of politics and the aesthetic in interaction design depends on a situated knowledge of how to interact with each other. Its aim is to open a new way to approach interaction design philosophy in the perspective of “We” human-and-technology. As a case, interaction design with BCI stimulates a network of conceptual relations rather than merely perceptions of the visible aspects of singles works. The investigation of relations between politics and the aesthetic in interaction design reveals that the instrumental understanding of technology is the colonization by tolerance-tactic.
Connected guards in orthogonal art galleries

In this paper we consider a variation of the Art Gallery Problem for orthogonal polygons. A set of points G in a polygon Pn is a connected guard set for Pn provided that is a guard set and the visibility graph of the set of guards G in Pn is connected. The polygon Pn is orthogonal provided each interior angle is 90° or 270°. First we use a coloring argument to prove that the minimum number of connected guards which are necessary to watch any orthogonal polygon with n sides is n/2 - 2. This result was originally established by induction by Hernandez-Penalver. Then we prove a new result for art galleries with holes: we show that n/2 - h connected guards are always sufficient to watch an orthogonal art gallery with n walls and h holes. This result is sharp when n = 4h + 4. We also construct galleries that require at least n/2 - h - 1 connected guards, for all n and h.
Partial assembly of the yeast vacuolar H(+)-ATPase in mutants lacking one subunit of the enzyme

Partial assembly of the peripheral and integral membrane sectors of the yeast vacuolar H(+)-ATPase has been detected in mutants lacking one subunit of the enzyme. Assembled complexes of the vacuolar H(+)-ATPase could be immunoprecipitated from biosynthetically labeled wild-type cells using monoclonal antibodies specific for the 69- and 60-kDa subunits of the enzyme, and assembled membrane (V0) sectors could be immunoprecipitated using a monoclonal antibody against the 100-kDa subunits. Parallel immunoprecipitations from mutant cells lacking one subunit of the vacuolar H(+)-ATPase revealed different degrees of assembly depending on the subunit that was missing. Partially assembled complexes of the peripheral subunits could also be detected in a soluble, cytoplasmic fraction from wild-type and mutant cells following glycerol gradient fractionation. The results indicate that the peripheral (V1) sector and integral membrane (V0) sectors of the yeast vacuolar H(+)-ATPase can assemble independently. The 69-, 60-, and 27-kDa subunits all appear to be necessary for any assembly of the V1 sector to occur, but these subunits and the 32-kDa subunit can assemble into a complex in the absence of the 42-kDa peripheral subunit. The implications of the results for the structure and assembly of the yeast vacuolar H(+)-ATPase are discussed.
Structure and function of IREs, the noncoding mRNA sequences regulating synthesis of ferritin, transferrin receptor and (erythroid) 5-aminolevulinate synthase.

mRNA is one of the sites for gene regulation. The genes for at least three of the proteins involved in iron metabolism, ferritin, transferrin receptors, and erythroid 5-aminolevulinate acid synthase are regulated both at the level of DNA and mRNA. Each mRNA contains the IRE (Figure 1), conserved sequence of 28 nucleotides in either the 5’ or 3’ noncoding region (reviewed in Theil, 1990, 1993a; Klausner et al., 1993).
Learning to represent exact numbers

This article focuses on how young children acquire concepts for exact, cardinal numbers (e.g., three, seven, two hundred, etc.). I believe that exact numbers are a conceptual structure that was invented by people, and that most children acquire gradually, over a period of months or years during early childhood. This article reviews studies that explore children’s number knowledge at various points during this acquisition process. Most of these studies were done in my own lab, and assume the theoretical framework proposed by Carey (The origin of concepts, 2009). In this framework, the counting list (‘one,’ ‘two,’ ‘three,’ etc.) and the counting routine (i.e., reciting the list and pointing to objects, one at a time) form a placeholder structure. Over time, the placeholder structure is gradually filled in with meaning to become a conceptual structure that allows the child to represent exact numbers (e.g., There are 24 children in my class, so I need to bring 24 cupcakes for the party.) A number system is a socially shared, structured set of symbols that pose a learning challenge for children. But once children have acquired a number system, it allows them to represent information (i.e., large, exact cardinal values) that they had no way of representing before.
The simulation of human core temperature

Two fit subjects performed two cycle-ergometer exercise bouts, one of 200 W for 48 min with a following 12-min recovery phase and one of 250 W for 30 min with a subsequent 15-min monitored recovery period. Experiments were performed in ambient conditions of 18 +/- 1 degrees C, 52% relative humidity +/- 5% and 0.5 m.s-1 + 0.5 air velocity (mean +/- range). Experimental values obtained from rectal and tympanic temperature sites were compared with simulation figures produced from a FORTRAN model of human thermoregulation. Data obtained provide qualified experimental support for the concept of a simple feedback model to simulate human core temperature during exercise in ambient temperatures below 20 degrees C.
Annular phased-array high-intensity focused ultrasound device for image-guided therapy of uterine fibroids

An ultrasound (US), image-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) device was developed for noninvasive ablation of uterine fibroids. The HIFU device was an annular phased array, with a focal depth range of 30-60 mm, a natural focus of 50 mm, and a resonant frequency of 3 MHz. The in-house control software was developed to operate the HIFU electronics drive system for inducing tissue coagulation at different distances from the array. A novel imaging algorithm was developed to minimize the HIFU-induced noise in the US images. The device was able to produce lesions in bovine serum albumin-embedded polyacrylamide gels and excised pig liver. The lesions could be seen on the US images as hyperechoic regions. Depths ranging from 30 to 60 mm were sonicated at acoustic intensities of 4100 and 6100 W/cm/sup 2/ for 15 s each, with the latter producing average lesion volumes at least 63% larger than the former. Tissue sonication patterns that began distal to the transducer produced longer lesions than those that began proximally. The variation in lesion dimensions indicates the possible development of HIFU protocols that increase HIFU throughput and shorten tumor treatment times.
Molecularly "engineered" anode adsorbates for probing OLED interfacial structure-charge injection/luminance relationships: large, structure-dependent effects.

Molecule-scale structure effects at organic light-emitting diodes (OLED) anode−organic transport layer interfaces are probed via a self-assembly approach. A series of ITO anode-linked silyltriarylamine molecules differing in aryl group and linker density are synthesized for this purpose and used to probe the relationship between nanoscale interfacial chemical structure, charge injection and electroluminescence properties. Dramatic variations in hole injection magnitude and OLED performance can be correlated with the molecular structures and electrochemically derived heterogeneous electron-transfer rates of such triarylamine fragments, placed precisely at the anode−hole transport layer interface. Very bright and efficient (∼70 000 cd/m2 and ∼2.5% forward external quantum efficiency) OLEDs have thereby been fabricated.
Features of borderline personality and violence

This study tested the hypothesis that borderline personality characterizes extreme violence by assessing features of borderline and schizotypal personality in three groups: Murderers, Violent, and Nonviolent adult offenders. Murderers had higher borderline personality scores than nonviolent offenders (p < .04). A test for linear trend indicated a linear increase in borderline scores with increasing degree of violence across the three groups (p < .02). No group differences were observed for schizotypal personality. Borderline traits associated with extreme violence consisted of unstable, intense relationships and affective instability. Group differences were not an artifact of group differences in age, social class, IQ, or number of previous custodies. It is concluded that borderline personality may predispose toward extreme forms of violence.
Proteomic Analysis of Schistosoma mansoni Cercarial Secretions

Schistosomiasis is a global health problem caused by several species of schistosome blood flukes. The initial stage of infection is invasion of human skin by a multicellular larva, the cercaria. We identified proteins released by cercariae when they are experimentally induced to exhibit invasive behavior. Comparison of the proteome obtained from skin lipid-induced cercariae (the natural activator), a cleaner mechanical induction procedure, and an uninduced proteomic control allowed identification of protein groups contained in cercarial acetabular gland secretion versus other sources. These included a group of proteins involved in calcium binding, calcium regulation, and calcium-activated functions; two proteins (paramyosin and SPO-1) implicated in immune evasion; and protease isoforms implicated in degradation of host skin barriers. Several other protein families, traditionally found as cytosolic proteins, appeared concentrated in secretory cells. These included proteins with chaperone activity such as HSP70, -86, and -60. Comparison of the three experimental proteomes also allowed identification of protein contaminants from the environment that were identified because of the high sensitivity of the MS/MS system used. These included proteins from the intermediate host snail in which cercariae develop, the investigator, and the laboratory environment. Identification of proteins secreted by invasive larvae provides important new information for validation of models of skin invasion and immune evasion and aids in rational development of an anti-schistosome vaccine.
Enhanced Proteolytic Activity of Covalently Bound Enzymes in Photopolymerized Sol Gel

Trypsin is covalently linked to a photopolymerized sol−gel monolith modified by incorporating poly(ethylene glycol) (PSG-PEG) for on-column digestion of Nα-benzoyl-l-arginine ethyl ester (BAEE) and two peptides, neurotensin and insulin chain B. The coupling of the enzyme to the monolith is via room-temperature Schiff chemistry in which an alkoxysilane reagent (linker) with an aldehyde functional group links to an inactive amine on trypsin to form an imine bond. The proteolytic activity of the immobilized trypsin was measured by monitoring the formation of Nα-benzoyl-l-arginine (BA), the digestion product of BAEE. The BA is separated from BAEE by capillary electrophoresis and detected downstream (18.5 cm from the microreactor) by absorption (254 nm). Using the Bradford assay, we determined that 97 ng of trypsin is bound to the 1-cm microreactor located at the entrance of capillary column. The bioactivity of the trypsin-PSG-PEG microreactor at 20 °C for the digestion of BAEE was found to be 2270 units/mg of...
Using Spectral Features to Improve Sentiment Analysis

A common approach to sentiment classification is to identify a set of sentiment-carrying words and then to use machine learning to build a classifier that can classify sentiment based on the presence/absence of those words. In this paper, we propose a Fourier-based extension of this approach. Specifically, we introduce a spectral learning algorithm that implicitly identifies sentiment-carrying words and higher-order functions of those words as it learns to assign real-valued sentiment scores to documents. The spectral learner extends the word presence model by applying Boolean logic operators (AND, OR, and XOR) to the word presence features to identify useful higher-order features. These spectral features can be used in other learning algorithms, and we show how the performance of other learning algorithms can be improved by these features. Finally, we consider the problem of determining which of a pair of reviews expresses more positive overall sentiment, and we show that the spectral learner can identify very small distinctions in sentiment with better-than-random accuracy, while larger distinctions can be correctly identified with high accuracy.
The coupling of long and short range correlations in ISM liquids

A simple modification of the HNC-like closure within the extended RISM equation formalism is considered which assures that the asymptotic form of the site-site direct correlation functions is consistent with the dielectric constant. The short ranged structural results obtained with the modification are compared to those following from the original closure for three strongly polar diatomic models, with the result that only very small differences are found. These results demonstrate both that the short ranged results are only weakly coupled to the asymptotic amplitudes, and that the latter can potentially be corrected in a relatively straightforward manner.
Paravertebral Blocks in Patients Undergoing Mastectomy with or without Immediate Reconstruction Provides Improved Pain Control and Decreased Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting

Mastectomy is associated with postoperative nausea and pain. We evaluated whether paravertebral block (PVB) use altered opioid use, antiemetic use, and length of stay in patients undergoing mastectomy. We performed a retrospective cohort analysis of all patients who underwent mastectomy with or without PVB from 2008 to 2010. Patient demographics, operative procedure, intraoperative medications, postoperative opioid and antiemetic use, and length of stay were reviewed. Statistical analysis included univariable and multivariable analysis. A total of 605 patients were identified, of whom 526 patients were evaluable. A total of 294 patients underwent mastectomy without PVB (132 bilateral), and 232 patients underwent mastectomy with PVB (148 bilateral). Immediate reconstruction was performed in 203 (39 %) patients. Need for any postoperative antiemetic was less frequent in the PVB group (39 vs. 57 %, p < 0.0001). Day of surgery opioid use was lower in the PVB group than the non-PVB group (mean ± SD 40.1 ± 15.2 vs. 47.6 ± 17.7 morphine equivalents, p < 0.0001). Decreased opioid use was seen in unilateral mastectomy without reconstruction and bilateral mastectomy with and without immediate reconstruction. The proportion of patients discharged within 36 h of surgery was significantly higher in the PVB group (55 vs. 42 %, p = 0.0031). On multivariable analysis controlling for year of surgery, patient age and surgeon, PVB use affected antiemetic use and opioid use but not hospital length of stay. PVB results in decreased opioid use and decreased need for postoperative antiemetic medication in patients undergoing mastectomy. The greatest benefit is seen in patients undergoing bilateral mastectomy with immediate breast reconstruction.
Luria on naming defects

Abstract In this paper, prior to presentation of Luria's description of the anomias, two background areas are commented. The first is the area of definition and the second is a short review of presentations that preceded or were contemporary with Luria's writings about word-finding deficit. The author's classification of the varieties of word-finding defects and the anomias described by Luria are presented. Based on this information, a basic neural circuitry for naming is postulated.
Improved determination of the scalar stark polarizability α for the 6s --> 7s transition in cesium

Abstract Calculations of the scalar Stark polarizability α(6s, 7s) for the 6s → 7s transition in cesium are reported. These calculations lead to a value Δα (6 s , 7 s )=-3.4±0.8 a 3 0 , for the contributions from states other than 6p or 7p. Combining this value with experimental measurements leads to an improved semi-empirical value α(6s, 7s) = -269.2±2.8 a 3 0 .
Immune Responses to Staphylococcus Aureus Antigens

to emphasize the highly complex antigenic nature of a bacterial cell such as Staph, aureus, the complex antibody response it may evoke and the ease with which each may be modified as a result of laboratory procedures. It has been a common experience to note the lack of success following immunization with staphylococcal vaccines and/or toxoids in attempting to increase the host's resistance to repeated staphylococcal cutaneous infections. In speculating on reasons for failure of immunization procedures, consideration must be given to such factors as: pathologic-physiologic aspects of the host's tissue response to the particular pathogen in question; immunochemical dif-
Neuroimaging and head injuries: where we've been--where we're going.

Had Dr. Alfred Gray known 75 years ago that his article, “Roentgen Examinations for Head Injuries,” [1 ] would be chosen as the focus for a commentary in a jubilee issue of the AJR, he might have been surprised, particularly if he had known that it was going to serve as the starting point for discussing advances in the imaging of head trauma. He would have thought it highly improbable that in future years, visualization of the cerebral vasculature would be achieved by direct injection of radiopaque material into the carotid and vertebral arteries, he would have thought it nearly impossible that
Neonatal Intracerebroventricular Leptin Administration Causes Persistent Body Weight Loss & Diminished Food Intake in the Female Adults

Neonatal Intracerebroventricular Leptin Administration Causes Persistent Body Weight Loss & Diminished Food Intake in the Female Adults
The Art of Prescribing Pharmacological Management of Adult ADHD: Implications for Psychiatric Care

QUESTION. For several years I have seen more adults presenting with attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). I realize that historically ADHD has been considered a childhood disorder, but I would like to know more about diagnosing and treating adult ADHD. ANSWER. Your observations about the prevalence and challenges that confront psychiatric nurses concerning the diagnosis and treatment of adult ADHD are correct. ADHD is a relatively common psychiatric disorder with a high occurrence of 2–6% in adults (Kessler et al., 2006). Though generally regarded as a childhood diagnosis, emerging evidence indicates that symptoms of ADHD remain into adulthood, affecting 4.4% of the adult population (Biederman, Monuteaux, et al., 2006). ADHD in adults frequently goes undiagnosed and untreated. This is largely associated with adults minimizing the severity of symptoms and being unaware that they actually have ADHD. Predictably, adult ADHD is associated with increased morbidity. Higher divorce rates, traffic violations, and negative occupational, economic, and psychosocial functions and concomitant psychiatric disorders are common findings in adults with ADHD (Kessler, Adler, Ames, Barkley, et al., 2005). Approximately 70–75% of adults presenting for treatment of ADHD have at least one co-existing psychiatric diagnosis (Kessler et al., 2006; Wilens, Biederman, & Spencer, 2002). Social phobia, bipolar disorder, major depression, and alcohol dependence are the most common co-existing psychiatric disorders in adults with ADHD (Kessler et al., 2006).
Global Supply Chain Network Dynamics with Multicriteria Decision-Making Under Risk and Uncertainty

Abstract In this paper, we consider the dynamics of a global supply chain network economy in the presence of risk and uncertainty in which distinct speeds of adjustment are included. We assume three tiers of decision-makers: manufacturers, distributors, and retailers, who acquire the product in order to satisfy the demand at the demand markets. The manufacturers, distributors, and retailers may be based in the same or in different countries and may transact in different currencies. We allow for electronic transactions in the form of electronic commerce between the manufacturers and the retailers as well as between the distributors and the retailers since the retailers may be physical or virtual. In addition, supply-side risk and demand-side risk are handled in our formulation with the former being expressed as a multicriteria decision-making problem for each manufacturer and distributor (with distinct weights associated with the criteria) and the latter being handled with the use of uncertain demands. The proposed framework allows for the modeling and theoretical analysis of such global supply chain networks, which involve competition within a tier of decision-makers but cooperation between tiers. Numerical examples are provided for illustrative purposes.
COMPOSITION OF MYELIN LIPIDS AND SYNTHESIS OF 3‐KETODIHYDROSPHINGOSINE IN THE VITAMIN B6‐DEFICIENT DEVELOPING RAT1

— Recoverable myelin in 20-day-old, Vitamin B6-deficient rats was reduced from that in control animals. The composition of myelin lipids from deficient animals was nearly identical to that for controls except for a striking reduction in phospholipids polyunsaturated fatty acids. Enzymatic synthesis in vitro of 3-ketodihydrosphingosine was impaired in the deficient animals; addition of the vitamin Bs cofactor to these incubation mixtures restored activity of the condensing enzyme to control levels.
Metabolism and irreversible binding of diethylstilbestrol in the kidney of the Syrian golden hamster

Abstract Oxidative metabolism of [ 3 H]diethylstilbestrol (DES) and the irreversible binding of reactive [ 3 H]DES metabolites to the macromolecules in kidney slices of the Syrian golden hamster were investigated. Non-extractable binding of [ 3 H]DES to kidney macromolecules was observed after incubating hamster kidney slices under aerobic conditions (95% O 2 /5% CO 2 ), but not under anaerobic conditions (100% nitrogen + 2 mM KCN). A number of oxidative metabolites of [ 3 H]DES were detected in the incubation medium of kidney slices incubated under aerobic, but not anaerobic, conditions. The amount of radiolabeled macromolecules formed in male cortical slices under aerobic conditions increased with time of incubation. At a medium concentration of 50 nM [ 3 H]DES, 0.08 pmole [ 3 H]DES equiv./mg dry weight at 30 min and 0.19 pmole [ 3 H]DES equiv./mg dry weight at 120 min were observed. The amount of irreversible [ 3 H]DES-macromolecular complexes also increased with the concentration of [ 3 H]DES in the incubation medium: 1.59 pmole [ 3 H]DES equiv./mg dry weight was formed with 0.5 μM[ 3 H]DES and 21.89 pmole [ 3 H]DES equiv./mg dry weight was formed with 10 μM [ 3 H]DES. Non-extractable [ 3 H]DES binding was detected in all the subcellular fractions of hamster kidney with the highest amount in the microsomal and soluble fractions, followed by the mitochondrial and nuclear fractions. The macromolecular-[ 3 H]DES complexes were solubilized by proteases but not nucleases, suggesting that [ 3 H]DES irreversible binding is principally to the proteins and not the nucleic acids. The cortex as compared with the medulla of the male hamster kidney displayed a 5-fold greater capacity to irreversibly bind [ 3 H]DES metabolites. The male hamster renal cortex showed a 2- to 3-fold greater capacity to form irreversible macromolecular-[ 3 H]DES complexes than the female hamster renal cortex. These data demonstrate that: (1) renal oxidative metabolism of DES results in [ 3 H]DES metabolites binding irreversibly to macromolecules; and (2) the sex and organ site specificity of the [ 3 H]DES-macromolecular binding corresponds with the sex and organ site specificity of renal tumors of the hamster.
Molecular Modeling of Paclitaxel Interacting with Membranes

Cell membranes define a confined space for the cell and form an essential barrier from the surrounding environments. They also provide active/passive transport systems for some essential nutrients and small molecules. But it is unclear how most of hydrophobic drugs such as paclitaxel penetrate through the cell membranes. Paclitaxel has been shown to aggregate both in hydrophilic and hydrophobic environments. Additionally it has been suggested to contribute to pore formation in the membrane. Here we investigated interactions between paclitaxel and a model cell membrane of 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC) using molecular dynamics simulations. The change of free energy across the bilayer interface calculated by adaptive biasing force method showed good agreement with experimental data. We performed 300ns long simulations of POPC membranes with randomly inserted drugs up to 0.1 mole fraction. We compared the results with a separate set of simulations where the drugs were initially inserted at lattice points with a single orientation. Interestingly, the main baccatinic core and the three more hydrophobic phenyl rings showed different preferential positioning in the membrane along the z-axis. This was consistent with the rotation and orientation of the drug. The clustering of the drug molecules in the membrane, order parameters of lipid tails, and water penetration along with the drug clusters were analyzed. Modeling the transport of hydrophobic drugs into the cell through computational investigations will provide insights of the drug delivery process at a molecular level.