cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Variable Reporting by Authors Presenting Arthroplasty Research at Multiple Annual Conferences.

Abstract Background Prior studies have demonstrated discrepancies in financial conflict of interest (COI) disclosure among authors presenting research at multiple spine and sports medicine conferences. The purpose of this study was to quantify the variability of self-reported financial disclosures of individual authors presenting at multiple arthroplasty conferences during the same year. Methods The author disclosure information published for the 2012 annual meetings of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS), American Association of Hip and Knee Surgeons, the Hip Society, and the Knee Society were compiled. We tabulated the author disclosures, the number of companies/entities represented, and the types of disclosures reported. The disclosures made by authors presenting at more than one meeting were then compared for discrepancies. Results Of the 209 authors who presented at both the AAOS and American Association of Hip and Knee Surgeons meetings, 79 (37.79%) demonstrated discrepancies in their disclosures with 7 (8.8%) reporting no disclosures to the AAOS. Of the 84 authors who presented at both the AAOS and Hip Society meetings, 1 (1.19%) had discrepancies in their disclosures. Of the 52 authors who presented at both the AAOS and Knee Society meetings, 2 (3.84%) had discrepancies in their disclosures. Conclusion There is variability in reported financial COIs by authors presenting at multiple arthroplasty conferences within the same year. Further work is warranted to improve transparency of COI disclosures among arthroplasty surgeons presenting research at national meetings.
Universal health coverage

Although over 12% of our gross national product is spent on health care, approximately 14% to 17% of Americans are not covered by any form of health insurance. The cost, benefits, and deficiencies of private insurance and government programs are discussed in this article. The increasing percentage of persons surviving into older age, improved technology, patient demands and expectations, administrative costs, medical malpractice and defensive medicine, and other factors contribute to the steadily increasing cost of care. Physicians must participate in health care reform or passively accept determinations made in their absence.
Optimal Retail Return Policies with Wardrobing

Many retailers offer refunds to consumers who, after a trial period, return a product that they find does not fit their needs. Some consumers are willing to use this return option opportunistically for short-term consumption rather than its intended purpose of resolving fit uncertainty. Such behavior has been termed “wardrobing.” Restocking fees (partial refunds) can be used to combat wardrobing. However, there is a trade-off involved, since partial refunds will be viewed negatively by consumers who return an item due to a true lack of fit. In this study, we consider how the extent of wardrobing (how many consumers consider such behavior) and the benefit of wardrobing (how much value can be extracted during the trial) impact firm pricing decisions and profits in this retail context. Our results imply that an increase in the extent of wardrobing is most detrimental to profits when the current extent of wardrobing is low. On the contrary, if the extent of wardrobing is already very high, and the benefit of wardrobing to consumers is also high, the retailer can set prices and refunds such that additional wardrobing actually increases firm profits. In a model extension, we show how a retailer can effectively screen wardrobers from ordinary consumers by offering a menu of price/refund pairs, and that such an approach can lead to increased profits if the extent of wardrobing is sufficiently high. Overall, our findings provide new insights into how retailers can set prices and refund policies to effectively manage opportunistic behavior by consumers.
Practical applications of the “energy–triaxiality” state relationship in metal cutting

ABSTRACTMost of the energy spent on metal cutting is due to the unavoidable plastic deformation of the layer being removed during its transformation into the chip. Based on the new principle of metal cutting being a purposeful fracture process, the dominant parameter that controls this process in orthogonal metal cutting (OMC) is the triaxiality state. Therefore, the chip triaxiality state in the deformation zone can be correlated to the energy of the unwanted plastic deformation for a particular cutting configuration. This article investigates this type of correlation by changing the cutting tool geometry. A series of finite element (FE) simulations were performed for various tool rake angles shows a strong relationship between the stress triaxiality state parameter in the deformation zone and the required cutting force components.
Performative Aspects of Race: “South Asian, Arab, and Muslim” Racial Formation After September 11

Author(s): Patel, Sunita | Abstract: This paper identifies and explores mechanisms that individuals use to create and interpret, re-create and re-interpret, "Arab, Muslim, and South Asian" as a racial identity through performance. This concept is important to understanding the law's interpretation and analysis of race. Considering race as performance is important for Critical Race Theory (CRT). CRT's mantra has been that race is a social construct, meaning that race has been constructed from social, cultural, historical, and political contexts within systems and institutions. Devon Carbado and Mitu Gulati point to a deficiency in the concept of race as a social construct at the macro level. They note that CRT often ignores the "racial productivity of the 'choices' people of color make about how they present themselves as racialized persons," and in general the race producing practices of people are often ignored. This paper attempts to examine the "choices" Arabs, Muslims, and South Asians make that purposefully or mistakenly produce race. Such a discussion is important for two reasons. First, it provides a lens to develop new legal strategies that take into account the nuances of identity and provides a springboard to build intra- and inter-community coalitions with other communities of color. Additionally, an understanding of racial performance moves us toward an analysis of how individual Arabs, Muslims and South Asians choose to present themselves. With this inquiry into the process of racial formation, we can understand the role of the individual in creating racial identity. Part I of this paper presents the theoretical framework. Section B explains "performance theory" and my framework of race as performance. Section C then introduces the three categories of racial performance used in this paper: strategic passing, covering, and using stereotypes. Section D presents the theory of performance "teams." Part II explores the relationship between race as performance in both formal and informal performance situations, and analyzes the above narrative in the context of the performance theory to provide an example of the relationship between the three categories of racial performance and performance teams. Part III presents strategic resistance efforts and everyday survival/self-preservation tactics.
The fall of Yanukovych: structural and political constraints to implementing authoritarian learning

ABSTRACTThis article examines the fall of Ukrainian President Viktor Yanukovych as a failure of authoritarian learning. When confronted by the Euromaidan protests in November 2013, Yanukovych responded in a manner similar to that seen during the Arab Uprisings of 2011, attempting to adopt a series of counter-protest strategies (promise, repress, bribe, mobilise, divide) which preserved most Arab governments against mass protests. However, the strategies which worked in 2011 in the Middle East were not applicable in Ukraine in 2013–2014, as structural and political constraints within Ukrainian society made these strategies ineffective, at best, and counterproductive, at worse.
GRK2-Mediated Inhibition of Adrenergic and Dopaminergic Signaling in Right Ventricular Hypertrophy: Therapeutic Implications in Pulmonary Hypertension

Background—The cause and consequences of impaired adrenergic signaling in right ventricular failure/hypertrophy (RVH) are poorly understood. We hypothesized that G protein–coupled receptor kinase-2 (GRK2)–mediated uncoupling of β-adrenergic receptor signaling impairs inotropic reserve. The implications of right ventricular (RV) adrenergic remodeling for inotrope selection and the therapeutic benefit of interrupting Gβγ–GRK2 interaction, using gallein, were tested. Methods and Results—Chamber-specificity and cellular localization of adrenergic remodeling were compared in rodent RVH associated with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH-RVH; SU5416+chronic-hypoxia or Monocrotaline) versus pulmonary artery banding–induced RVH (PAB-RVH). Results were corroborated in RV arrays from 10 PAH patients versus controls. Inotropic reserve was assessed in RV- and left ventricular–Langendorff models and in vivo. Gallein therapy (1.8 mg/kg/day ×2-weeks) was assessed. Despite similar RVH, cardiac output (58.3±4.9 versus 82...
Outcome of Non-Germinal Center/Activated B-Cell Type Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Determined By Immunohistochemistry in a Single Institution over 7 Years

Abstract Background: The 2016 revision of the World Health Organization classification of diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) takes into consideration the cell of origin (COO), germinal center B-cell (GCB) vs non germinal center/activated B-cell type (non-GCB/ABC), since its determination by gene expression profiling predicts prognosis when treated with standard therapy. Several new COO directed therapies are being investigated, mostly using immunohistochemically (IHC) staining as surrogates. However, IHC is subject to many uncontrolled variables. In this report we evaluated the impact of choice of therapy on the outcome of ABC subtype in our institution determined by IHC using Hans algorithm. Methods: We reviewed the pathology reports of patients with DLBCL diagnosed between 2009- 2016. Cases were sub classified using CD10, bcl-6, and MUM1 expression by IHC per Hans algorithm. We excluded post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease, and primary central nervous system lymphomas. Clinical details including age, sex, International Prognostic Index (IPI) stage at diagnosis, treatment, progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were captured for all patients. Actuarial survival analysis was performed according to the Kaplan and Meier method. Results: We identified 285 patients with DLBCL. Per Hans algorithm, 140 (49.1%) were of GCB, 94 (32.9%) non-GCB/ABC and 51 (18%) indeterminate. For the non-GCB/ABC group, median age at diagnosis was 67 (range, 21 to 101 y) with 67% of the patients older than 60 years. 77% of the patients were Caucasians. The gender distribution was equal. ECOG performance status was Conclusions: In our institution, non-GCB/ABC DLBCL patients identified by IHC who received R-CHOP had better outcome than other treatments. However, the median duration of first remission in that group was only 2 years. Clinical trials adding newer agents are warranted in this group. Yet, COO was indeterminate by IHC in 18% of the patients. Download : Download high-res image (84KB) Download : Download full-size image Figure . Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Depression, Self-Focused Attention, and Self-Regulatory Perseveration

The tendency of depressed individuals to dwell excessively on their current and past negative life experiences has been noted by a wide variety of clinically oriented theorists, from Sigmund Freud to Aaron Beck. Depressed individuals have been characterized as self-obsessed or self-preoccupied, and as sinking into the self (cf. Abraham, 1911; Arieti & Bemporad, 1978; Beck, 1967, 1976; Mollon & Parry, 1984). In addition, it has often been noted that depressives tend to be especially critical of themselves and to engage constantly in comparisons of themselves with unrealistic and unattainable standards (e.g., Abramson & Sackheim, 1977; Arieti & Bemporad, 1978; Beck, 1967; Bibring, 1953; Freud, 1917/1957). Interestingly, recent theory and research on the consequences of self-focused attention (cf. Carver & Scheier, 1981; Duval & Wicklund, 1972; Wicklund, 1975) suggests that these self-obsessive tendencies are likely to have serious negative consequences, especially for persons who have recently experienced a major loss or failure.
Endothelin type A receptors mediate pain in a mouse model of sickle cell disease

Sickle cell disease is associated with acute painful episodes and chronic intractable pain. Endothelin-1, a known pain inducer, is elevated in the blood plasma of both sickle cell patients and mouse models of sickle cell disease. We show here that the levels of endothelin-1 and its endothelin type A receptor are increased in the dorsal root ganglia of a mouse model of sickle cell disease. Pharmacologic inhibition or neuron-specific knockdown of endothelin type A receptors in primary sensory neurons of dorsal root ganglia alleviated basal and post-hypoxia evoked pain hypersensitivities in sickle cell mice. Mechanistically, endothelin type A receptors contribute to sickle cell disease-associated pain likely through the activation of NF-κB-induced Nav1.8 channel upregulation in primary sensory neurons of sickle cell mice. Our findings suggest that endothelin type A receptor is a potential target for the management of sickle cell disease-associated pain, although this expectation needs to be further verified in clinical settings.
Outcomes Among Chronically Ill Adults in a Medical Home Prototype

Many stakeholders in American healthcare have embraced the patient-centered medical home (PCMH) in recent years. A variety of small and large practices1 and delivery systems2,3 are implementing pilots and demonstration projects, with financial and operational support from payers4-6 and multistakeholder collaboratives.7 Although each medical home initiative reflects a unique blend of clinicians, patients, practice infrastructures, and payment mechanisms, all PCMH interventions have the goal of providing patients with a continuous source of whole-person primary care.8-10 Most PCMH interventions emphasize mechanisms to improve care delivery for persons with chronic illness. Chronically ill patients have long been hypothesized to benefit from PCMH elements such as team-based care, productive patient-provider relationships, clinical information technology use, and delivery system design.11 The chronic care model has been incorporated in PCMH interventions12 and assessment tools,13 and PCMH interventions have disproportionately targeted chronically ill patients14 or elderly patients with high chronic illness burdens.3 Despite these links between the medical home and chronic illness care, the evidence base contains few, if any, rigorous evaluations of PCMH effects on the quality, utilization, and costs of care in patients with chronic illnesses. We address this gap by reporting findings of a 2007 to 2008 prototype PCMH redesign2 among patients with at least 1 of 3 common chronic illnesses in which the majority of care is typically delivered in the primary care setting: diabetes, hypertension, and coronary heart disease (CHD). Our objective in conducting this study was to investigate differences in quality, utilization, and costs of care between chronically ill patients at the PCMH site and comparable patients at 19 nonintervention control sites in the same healthcare system.
Nonlinear Dynamic Finite Element Analysis of Shells

Dynamical aspects of a general nonlinear finite element shell analysis procedure are described. The work extends previous endeavors of the authors on quasistatic plate and shell analysis. Several sample problems of a two- and three-dimensional nature are presented which demonstrate the applicability of the methodology.
SPECIAL PROBLEMS IN SLOPE STABILITY

The state-of-the-art in special problems of slope stability is described. Both slope and foundation problems are considered. Some of the special problems concern cracking in embankments, collapsible soli, tectonic and large-area mass movements of toils, stabilization of slide areas, and basic assumptions in methods for analyzing slope stability. The finite element method of stress analysis may become a valuable tool for interpreting; stress and strain conditions in loaded soil masses. Also, improving correlation of analytic procedure with prototype behavior is discussed.
Abstract 382: Inhibition of mitochondrial spare respiratory capacity by new securinine derivatives as a novel differentiation therapy for acute myeloid leukemia

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is characterized by a differentiation block in myeloid progenitors resulting in aberrant proliferation of immature myeloid cells. Therapeutics that induce differentiation of leukemic cells would overcome the high toxicity and low potency of conventional chemotherapy. Securinine, a plant-derived alkaloid from Securinega suffruticosa, has been shown to be a promising AML differentiation agent through an unclear mechanism, but is limited by its low potency (~20μM) and toxicity. We performed lead optimization chemistry on securinine that led to derivatives 250 and 317, with nanomolar efficacy and reduced toxicity. These derivatives effectively inhibit growth of AML cell lines and patient samples. Treatment of AML cell lines with compounds 250 and 317 induces the expression of differentiation markers CD11b and CD14c. Compounds 250 and 317 significantly reduced leukemic burden in a circulating model of AML in NSG mice. Additionally, these compounds were effective in inhibiting cell growth of HL60 cells that are resistant to a conventional chemotherapeutic, doxorubicin. By using the drug-affinity responsive target sensitivity (DARTS) assay, we identified that the redox mediator thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) is the primary target of these derivatives. 250 and 317 inhibit TrxR activity in vitro and in cells, and the resultant alterations in redox status are overcome by addition of a scavenger of reactive oxygen species (ROS), N-acetylcysteine. The ensuing oxidative metabolic stress rapidly alters the metabolite profile in AML cells including depletion of malate. Securinine derivatives decreased basal oxygen consumption rate and spare respiratory capacity, resulting in differentiation and cell death. Downregulating TrxR1 expression increased the sensitivity of OCI-AML3 cells to compounds 250 and 317. Together, we show here that these new derivatives of securinine exhibit preclinical efficacy in AML by decreasing mitochondrial spare respiratory capacity through the inhibition of TrxR. Citation Format: Sheela Karunanithi, Ruifu Liu, Anne Roe, Stephen Moreton, Yongchun Hou, Natasha Oldford, Juan Valentin Goyco, David Wald. Inhibition of mitochondrial spare respiratory capacity by new securinine derivatives as a novel differentiation therapy for acute myeloid leukemia [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 382.
Positional changes in distance to the pleura and in muscle thickness for dry needling.

Abstract Objective This study was conducted to measure and to determine differences in tissue depth in the upper back for two prone positions and to stratify the results by body composition and sex of the patient. In addition, muscle thickness changes with positioning were assessed. This information is important for clinicians who dry needle in the thorax area, cognizant of the dangers of inadvertently piercing the pleura or lung tissue. Design Descriptive cross-sectional. Setting Health and Human Performance laboratory at a university campus. Participants Sample of convenience of 60 college-aged subjects, 20 subjects in three body composition groups. Main outcome measures Distances from skin to lung tissue, skin to ribs and muscle thickness were measured and compared between two prone positions. Results There was a significant increase in depth to the lung tissue (0.7 cm, 95% confidence interval 0.4–1.0 cm) when using a bolster under the shoulder. There were also differences in depths between body composition classifications and between sexes, but not between sides. The average thickness of all muscles increased significantly by up to 0.4 cm (95% confidence interval 0.3–0.5) when the shoulder was positioned in retraction. Conclusions Positioning, body constitution and sex of the patient change tissue depth significantly and should be considered when dry needling. This change is largely attributed to a modification in muscle thickness.
Theoretic and Evidence-Based Laparotomy Closure with Sutures and Meshes.

Summary:The ultimate tensile strength of newly apposed tissue is the sum of the strength of the physical construct holding the tissues and the strength of biologic healing. For successful incisional hernia repair, the total strength of the repair must remain greater than the forces applied. While mu
Multiple-generation folding and non-coaxial strain of lava crusts

Viscoelastic strain in lava flows is commonly expressed as gravity-driven buckling of the lava crust. This surface folding process creates the well-known ropy pāhoehoe texture of basaltic lavas and the ogives and surface ridges of more compositionally evolved lava flows. Previous work has shown that surface fold wavelengths are proportional to the viscosity contrast between the lava crust and core, and to the thickness of the crust. Thus, fold analysis can be an important tool for understanding lava flow rheology. We analyze fold wavelength patterns of solidified natural lava flows from the Myvatn lava fields (Iceland), Piton de La Fournaise (La Reunion), and experimental lava flows from the Syracuse University Lava Project. In each case, lava flows exhibited two dominant wavelengths, consistent with multiple generations of coaxial folding. The ratio of the two dominant wavelengths for basalt (Iceland, La Reunion) is ~ 5:1 whereas the wavelength ratio for basaltic andesite (Syracuse) is ~ 3:1, suggesting a compositional control on deformation, as proposed by previous studies. Video analysis of incrementally folded Syracuse lava crusts reveals significant non-coaxial strain, which violates the assumptions of plane strain used in crustal buckling models. These results show that interpreting lava rheology from finite strain requires careful consideration of complex three-dimensional strain fields. Despite these complexities, the correlation between fold wavelength ratios and lava flow composition persists and may provide important insight into flow characterization.
General Care of the Cirrhotic Patient

Cirrhosis is the end stage of a wide variety of chronic liver diseases. It is a histologic term defined by the presence of fibrous septa throughout the liver that divide the hepatic parenchyma into nodules. Clinically, patients can be classified as having compensated or decompensated disease. Compensated cirrhosis implies that the liver can perform vital functions normally. Hepatic decompensation, which is characterized by ascites, variceal bleeding, or hepatic encephalopathy, markedly affects life expectancy. Cirrhosis is a major public health problem; it was the 8th leading cause of death in the USA in 2010. This chapter will describe a case of compensated cirrhosis. We will address the aspects of general cirrhosis care that are important for primary care physicians.
Measurement of the relative non-degenerate two-photon absorption cross-section for fluorescence microscopy

In non-degenerate two-photon microscopy (ND-TPM), the required energy for fluorescence excitation occurs via absorption of two photons of different energies derived from two synchronized pulsed laser beams. ND-TPM is a promising imaging technology offering flexibility in the choice of the photon energy for each beam. However, a formalism to quantify the efficiency of two-photon absorption (TPA) under non-degenerate excitation, relative to the resonant degenerate excitation, is missing. Here, we derive this formalism and experimentally validate our prediction for a common fluorophore, fluorescein. An accurate quantification of non-degenerate TPA is important to optimize the choice of photon energies for each fluorophore.
Further Examination of a Curriculum-Based Value-Added Model for Teacher Preparation: Exploring the Role of Teachers' Behavior on K-12 Student Learning.

Multiple threats to validity and reliability exist when value-added models (VAMs) rely wholly on standardized assessments to measure the relationship between teachers and their K–12 students’ learn...
Triple combination treatment with anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody, low-dose chemotherapy, and anti-PD1 immune check-point inhibitors for recurrent and/or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: A single institute experience.

e17514Background: The 1st line treatment of recurrent and/or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (R/M SCCHN) was EXTREME regimen established by Vermorken at al since 2008. Recently in ...
Justice in the Forensic Sciences

Many historical references to the origins of forensic science, even to ancient times, exist in the vast literature of humanity. It was not, however, until Sir Arthur Conan Doyle with intriguing foreshadowing suggested the use of scientific crime detection methods, through his fictional character Sherlock Holmes, that modern forensic science began its development. Holmes applied principles of serology, fingerprinting, firearm identification, and questioned document examination long before these techniques and their utilization were to be recognized and accepted in modern investigation. Marsh in 1832 isolated arsenic to demonstrate the actual presence of a toxic substance, and displayed this before a jury. Bertillon initiated a system of anthropometric measurements for personal identification which was adopted by the Paris police in 1882. The English coroner, originally established to insure that the King received his share, later extended his duties to the investigation of death, and in America, the first medical death investigation system was established in New York in 1918. These and many other developments continued to merge and move forward until R. B. H. Gradwohl in 1948 called a meeting in St. Louis of forensic medicine and sciences which led to the first meeting of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences, 26–29 Jan. 1950. Among the stated purposes of this pioneering group of approximately 150 members was to raise the standards of investigation techniques and the quality of testimony in the courts and engender the confidence and respect of the judiciary, specifically to create and foster confidence by the courts in scientific and legal proof, and to raise the standard of reliability in investigation and testimony of men who do this work. At that time, sections existed in forensic pathology, forensic psychiatry, forensic toxicology, forensic immunology, jurisprudence, police science, and questioned documents. The Academy has subsequently grown and with it the struggle to recognize the expertise provided by the increasing number of forensic science disciplines. Overcoming much turmoil and controversy, the Academy today is supported by 2700 members representing an expansion of sections including Criminalistics, Engineering, General, Jurisprudence, Odontology, Pathology and Biology, Physical Anthropology, Psychiatry, Questioned Documents, and Toxicology. The image of the forensic scientist was recently boosted by the media when the television show “Quincy” removed the dull fog of night and replaced it with a symbol of service and dedication. In recent years, we have come together, replaced divisiveness with unity, and put our best foot forward. Some recent events threaten to compromise these gains. We read of forensic scientists challenging one another even in areas where the issues do not appear substantial or timely. If one of us loses, we all lose. This is a time, I believe, for forensic scientists to rethink the lessons of the past, to remember the purposes of the original 150, for it is in doing so that our future will be preserved and that justice in the forensic sciences will be insured.
National and Local News Consumption and Indices of Community Participation in an American Civic-Journalism News Environment

This paper readdresses issues of the relationship of news consumption patterns to community participation in the US context, however, it looks not only at local news, but also national news. It tes...
Analysis of Wetland Extent Retrieval Accuracy Using Cygnss

Spaceborne GNSS Reflectometry (GNSS-R) measurements have shown strong coherent scattering over inland waters. It has been recognized that GNSS-R could be utilized for monitoring the global surface water distribution by making dynamic maps of wetlands as well as rapid response to flood events. Using the strength of the reflected signals, one can make maps that reveal the presence of water over land. In this paper, we used simulations to analyze the accuracy of these maps. The CYGNSS End-to-end Simulator (E2ES) was extended to include coherent scattering in the heterogeneous scenes where the region around the specular point is composed of both land and water in complex geometries. The simulation is then used to evaluate the accuracy of a simple fractional water in footprint approach to mapping wetland extent. We find that scattering from outside the first Fresnel zone and CYGNSS measurement processing effects significantly impact the accuracy of this approach. However, the accuracy can be improved by combining multiple measurements into a gridded map.
Value of Formal System Models for Flexible Reorganization in an Insurance Company

In order to be independent of implementational or environmental details requirements for the practical use of formal models in designing and reorganizing, large information systems are developed, discussing the example of an insurance company (criteria for model adequacy). Then the Theory of Interaction Systems is briefly introduced which adequately models the behavior in distributed systems (including partial autonomy of components, limited range of decisions, conflicting interests). For basic principles and regulations in the human organization like delegation of decision, hierarchical privileges and their influences primitive or standard representations are constructed. In this way both human and technical requirements can for the first time be specified in a common and precise language. The particular modeling flexibility of the formalism is discussed, hints and references for the practical use (implementation) of the formal tools is given.
Parallelized identification of on- and off-target protein interactions

Genetic selection combined with next-generation sequencing enables the simultaneous interrogation of the functionality and stability of large numbers of naturally occurring, engineered, or computationally designed protein variants in parallel. We display hundreds of engineered proteins on the surface of yeast cells, select for binding to a set of target molecules by flow cytometry, and sequence the starting pool as well as selected pools to obtain enrichment values for each displayed protein with each target. We show that this high-throughput workflow of multiplex genetic selections followed by large-scale sequencing and comparative analysis allows not only the determination of relative affinities, but also the monitoring of specificity profiles for hundreds to thousands of protein–protein and protein–small molecule interactions in parallel. The approach not only identifies new interactions of designed proteins, but also detects unintended and undesirable off-target interactions. This provides a general framework for screening of engineered protein binders, which often have no negative selection or design step as part of their development pipelines. Hence, this method will be generally useful in the development of protein-based therapeutics.
Risk of fomite-mediated transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in child daycares, schools, and offices: a modeling study

SARS-CoV-2 can persist on surfaces, suggesting that surface-based transmission might be important for this pathogen. We find that fomites may be a substantial source of risk, particularly in schools and child daycares. Combining surface cleaning and decontamination with strategies to reduce pathogen shedding on surfaces can help mitigate this risk.
Image compression technique

Digital images generally contain significant amounts of spatial and spectral redundancy. Spatial redundancy is due to the correlation between neighboring pixel values, and spectral redundancy is due to the correlation between different color planes. Image compression (coding) techniques reduce the number of bits required to represent an image by taking advantage of these redundancies. An inverse process called decompression (decoding) is applied to the compressed data to get the reconstructed image. The objective of compression is to reduce the number of bits as much as possible, while keeping the resolution and the visual quality of the reconstructed image as close to the original image as possible. This article gives an overview of the major image compression techniques. The decoding steps for most of the coding schemes are quite intuitive and are usually the reverse of the encoding steps.
UN CASO CLÍNICO ENTRE EL FUERO NUEVO Y EL CÓDIGO CIVIL

Este trabajo tiene por objeto, de un lado, analizar los actuales problemas que surgen en el marco del Derecho Interregional y las soluciones que aporta la practica judicial espanola a estas cuestiones. Y, de otro lado, evidenciar los deficiencias del sistema para dar respuesta a la problematica aludida
Dependence and Use Characteristics of Adult JUUL Electronic Cigarette Users.

JUUL is a popular electronic cigarette (e-cig) that is capable of delivering nicotine similarly to a cigarette. While known to deliver high doses of nicotine, there is little systematic evidence to...
Current Perspective on Menopause Hormone Therapy and Cardiovascular Risk

In past decades, there has a been a paradigm shift concerning menopause, hormone therapy (HT), and cardiovascular disease (CVD). While initial observational studies suggested hormone replacement to provide a cardioprotective benefit for all menopausal women, subsequent large randomized trials have not confirmed these benefits and furthermore brought to light the risks of HT with regard to CVD, venous thrombosis, and stroke. The goal of this review is to summarize current recommendations regarding HT as it pertains to cardiovascular risk. Menopause HT remains the most effective treatment for vasomotor symptoms. Guidelines now suggest benefits outweigh the risk for in women with bothersome vasomotor symptoms, when initiated in early menopause (within 10 years of symptom onset or age < 60 years) without contraindications. Consideration of cardiovascular risk is necessary. For women with a moderate atherosclerotic CVD risk score, or with CVD risk modifiers, a transdermal formulation is preferred. For patients with known CVD, non-hormonal alternatives should be trialed. Current evidence does not support the use of HT for primary or secondary prevention of CVD. Initiation of menopausal HT requires an individualized approach taking into account age of menopause, timing of initiation, vasomotor symptoms, and cardiovascular risk factors.
National Fashion Editors, Public Relations Pioneers, and Fashion Designers

While almost all cities had their own fashion reporters, a few stood out as national newspaper fashion editors. Many of these women were reporting out of New York City and Washington, D.C. These women also often had connections to public relations practitioners—especially in New York. The journalism industry largely respects a clear line between news and public relations. Yet, the line could be fuzzy for the fashion editors. For example, legendary New York Herald Tribune fashion editor Eugenia Sheppard was a good friend of famous fashion publicist Eleanor Lambert. Together they created the best-dressed list that got national attention. Yet, Sheppard was also known for her honest—and sometimes cleverly blunt—criticism of designers who Lambert would have represented. The relationship between fashion editor and publicist was a complicated one with the power dynamic regularly shifting.
Developing and applying UrbanSim, a system for simulating urban land use, transportation, and environmental impacts

In this case study, we provide a brief overview of the UrbanSim project and its history, and then suggest some reasons that we believe the project has been successful so far.
High-Resolution Hubble Space Telescope Observations of Zn II and CR II Absorption toward the Magellanic Clouds

We present high-resolution (3.5 km s-1) spectra of Zn II and Cr II absorption obtained with the Hubble Space Telescope toward four Magellanic Cloud stars. We have detected absorption from the full extent of the Milky Way disk + halo with an average depletion measure of [Cr/Zn] = -1.07 ? 0.05. In addition, we identify absorption from the LMC toward two stars and from the SMC toward one of our targets. We find that the depletion of Cr relative to Zn in the Magellanic Clouds is comparable to that of the Milky Way interstellar medium (ISM). Assuming similar dust composition, the dust-to-metals ratio in the Galactic or Magellanic Cloud ISM is at least a factor of 2 higher than in damped Ly? QSO absorbers.
Driving Pro-Environmental Choice

Despite ongoing efforts to encourage sustainable behavior and consumers’ claims that they are eco-minded, green attitudes remain insufficiently reflected in consumers’ choices. In order to better understand and help explain what drives consumers’ choice of green products we consider three major theoretical accounts drawn from literature highlighting positive and negative spillover effects in green choice: a) a moral account involving the desire for a moral token or activation of moral standards, b) an identity account involving the motive for consistent green behavior and identity, and c) an accessibility account whereby sustainability is top of mind. Using a combination of hypothetical and consequential choice experiments, we tested the relative role of these drivers in governing peoples’ choices of pro-environmental options over equivalent non-green alternatives, as each dictates vastly different marketing strategies. We find green product choice is largely and consistently explained by the real-time accessibility of eco-friendly concepts. Moral and identity drivers also play a role but to lesser and varying degrees. We discuss the implications of our findings for increasing consumers’ choice of green products.
Optimizing matrix transpose on torus interconnects

Matrix transpose is a fundamental matrix operation that arises in many scientific and engineering applications. Communication is the main bottleneck in performing matrix transpose on most multiprocessor systems. In this paper, we focus on torus interconnection networks and propose application-level routing techniques that improve load balancing, resulting in better performance. Our basic idea is to route the data via carefully selected intermediate nodes. However, directly employing this technique may lead to worsening of the congestion. We overcome this issue by employing the routing only for selected set of communicating pairs. We implement our optimizations on the Blue Gene/P supercomputer and demonstrate up to 35% improvement in performance.
Undergraduate Research Training

In 1971, the staff of the University of Tennessee-Oak Ridge Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, recognized that minorities as a group were underrepresented in the biomedical sciences. A program was initiated to increase, in a significant fashion, the number of black Ph.D.’s in the biomedical area. However, before I describe the details of the program we have designed in Oak Ridge, let me first give you some background information about the graduate school, which is a unique institution for graduate education in the biomedical sciences.
Portfolios in First Grade: Four Teachers Learn to Use Alternative Assessment

Educational assessment is experiencing significant changes which affect classroom practices. This article describes an in-depth qualitative study of the implementation of portfolio assessment by four first grade teachers. Creative activities and valuable insights were given by these teachers which allow for successful implementation of portfolios in the classroom. These teachers found three major benefits of portfolios: (1) a means of communicating more effectively with families, (2) a tool to motivate, encourage, and instruct students in the skills of self-assessment, and (3) a mechanism to monitor and improve their own instruction in the classroom.
Peirce: 5 Questions

Susan Haack answers questions about how she first encountered the work of C. S. Peirce, about her contributions to Peirce scholarship and use of Peirce’s ideas in her own work, about open questions in the field, etc. Her interview concludes with a suggestion that Peirce’s work might fruitfully be approached via his remarkably vivid and telling philosophical images — metaphors, similes, and analogies; and with a declaration that “the way to look at Peirce’s work is emphatically not as yet another area of specialization, but as a valuable … intellectual resource.”
The Yellow Brick Road to Nowhere: California Same-Sex Marvin Rights After Proposition 8

INTRODUCTION Shortly after Dorothy Gale begins her journey down the yellow brick road in The Wizard of Oz she comes to a crossroads that extends in two different directions.1 She wonders aloud which way to go, when the Scarecrow confuses her by saying that one way is nice, but the other way is nice too, and some people go both ways, which he punctuates by simultaneously pointing in both directions.2 California’s gay and lesbian population can sympathize with Dorothy’s confusion, having been at the mercy of the courts for their property and support agreements, while the courts were metaphorically pointing both ways.3 The picture is not any clearer today—the contractual rights of same-sex couples that have forgone the domestic partnership option remain vague in light of the outcome of Proposition 8.4
Activation of Glutamatergic Neurotransmission by Ketamine: A Novel Step in the Pathway from NMDA Receptor Blockade to Dopaminergic and Cognitive Disruptions Associated with the Prefrontal Cortex

Subanesthetic doses of ketamine, a noncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist, impair prefrontal cortex (PFC) function in the rat and produce symptoms in humans similar to those observed in schizophrenia and dissociative states, including impaired performance of frontal lobe-sensitive tests. Several lines of evidence suggest that ketamine may impair PFC function in part by interacting with dopamine neurotransmission in this region. This study sought to determine the mechanism by which ketamine may disrupt dopaminergic neurotransmission in, and cognitive functions associated with, the PFC. A thorough dose-response study using microdialysis in conscious rats indicated that low doses of ketamine (10, 20, and 30 mg/kg) increase glutamate outflow in the PFC, suggesting that at these doses ketamine may increase glutamatergic neurotransmission in the PFC at non-NMDA glutamate receptors. An anesthetic dose of ketamine (200 mg/kg) decreased, and an intermediate dose of 50 mg/kg did not affect, glutamate levels. Ketamine, at 30 mg/kg, also increased the release of dopamine in the PFC. This increase was blocked by intra-PFC application of the AMPA/kainate receptor antagonist, 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione CNQX. Furthermore, ketamine-induced activation of dopamine release and impairment of spatial delayed alternation in the rodent, a PFC-sensitive cognitive task, was ameliorated by systemic pretreatment with AMPA/kainate receptor antagonist LY293558. These findings suggest that ketamine may disrupt dopaminergic neurotransmission in the PFC as well as cognitive functions associated with this region, in part, by increasing the release of glutamate, thereby stimulating postsynaptic non-NMDA glutamate receptors.
Multivariate estimation in regenerative simulation

A definition is given of regenerative simulation that applies to simulation that applies to simulations with multiple responses. Then, a multivariate regenerative estimator of the stationary mean response is presented and shown to be asymptotically normal. Methods for computing confidence regions and simultaneous confidence intervals are also presented.
Giant Cell Myocarditis as a Manifestation of Drug Hypersensitivity

Adverse drug effects on the myocardium are often classified into toxic and hypersensitivity forms of myocarditis, each with distinct histologic findings. In contrast, giant cell myocarditis (GCM) is generally not associated with adverse drug reactions and has unique histopathologic features. We report four cases of adverse drug reactions in which the histologic findings were characteristic of GCM. The clinical recognition that GCM may be a manifestation of an adverse drug reaction is important, since the prognosis and treatment of this entity may be different from that of other forms of myocarditis.
Sense and Sustainability: Teaching Sustainability in Global Health

: [sustainability, teaching strategies, global health, organic garden, anthropology education, Middlebury College]
Stream types in Idaho: An approach to classification of streams in natural areas

Abstract Five types among small streams are described: ephemeral streams, spring streams, and three types among permanent streams. Key features used to designate stream type are order, gradient, pattern of flow, and substrate which are readily identifiable, nonvariable characteristics. Type designation is supported on an ecological basis by analysis of extensive collections of aquatic plants and invertebrates.
Epoxidation of fatty acids, fatty methyl esters, and alkenes by immobilized oat seed peroxygenase

Fatty epoxides are used as plasticizers and plastic stabilizers and are intermediates for the production of other chemical substances. The currently used industrial procedure for fatty epoxide synthesis requires a strong acid catalyst which can cause oxirane ring opening and side product formation. To find a replacement for the acid catalyst, we have been conducting research on a peroxygenase enzyme from oat (Avena sativa) seeds and have devised a method for immobilization of this enzyme using a hydrophobic membrane support. In this study, fatty acids and fatty methyl esters commonly encountered in commercial vegetable oils were tested as substrates for immobilized peroxygenase, and the epoxide products were characterized. The epoxidation time course of linoleic acid showed two distinct phases with nearly complete conversion to monoepoxide before diepoxide was produced. The diepoxide formed from linolenic acid was found to be 9,10-15,16-diepoxy-12-octadecenoic acid, and only a trace of triepoxide was obtained. Additionally it was discovered that acyclic alkenes with internal double bonds, a cyclic alkene, and an alkene with an aromatic substituent were substrates of peroxygenase. However, alkenes with terminal unsaturation were unreactive. With every substrate examined, oat seed peroxygenase exhibited specificity for epoxidation, producing no other products, and oxirane ring opening did not occur.
A masking approach to the problem of form perception

The effects of deletion of certain components of a dotted triangle are studied, using a masking technique. Masking interference is achieved by varying the density of randomly placed dots within which stimulus triangles must be detected. The results of the study indicate that deletion of the dots composing the corners of the triangles decreases performance no more than deletion of an equivalent number of randomly chosen dots. However, the detectability of the line of dots composing the sides is functionally related to the recognition of the orientation of the triangle. The results suggest that the relationship of the parts of such a stimulus figure may be more important than the specific parts themselves.