cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Computer tomography imaging spectrometer with structured illumination

Previous studies [1,2] demonstrated the computed tomography imaging spectrometer’s (CTIS) usefulness in the observation of individual cellular responses across an extended field of view (FOV) and than detection of more complicated signaling cascades. In this paper, we present modified CTIS with optical sectioning capability to further advance applicability of the system. Tissue sections from nearly all organs are comprised of multiple cell types with unique functional characteristics. The problem with such samples are that they are composed of multiple cell layers, and therefore a significant blurring of fluorescence output light is observed with standard optics. This not only presents problems with identification of individual cell types within the sample, but also degrades the accuracy of the spectral deconvolution due to dominance of high frequency information. Therefore sectioning capability may significantly improve tissue research. It will allow to isolate cells within selected layer, increase identification rate and improve accuracy of the spectrum reconstruction.
Cross-Sectional Lamé Mode Ladder Filters for UHF Wideband Applications

This letter reports on the first demonstration of ladder filters based on the recently demonstrated cross-sectional Lame mode resonator (CLMR) technology. These filter prototypes show a fractional bandwidth (BW $_{\mathrm {3dB}})$ as high as 3.3% and an insertion loss as low as 0.4 dB. As the resonance frequency of CLMRs can be lithographically controlled without significantly degrading their electromechanical coupling coefficient ( $\text{k}_{t}^{2})$ , multiple contiguous frequency bands can be covered by this filter technology without adding fabrication complexity. This unique feature addresses one of the most crucial challenges associated with the development of miniaturized mobile platforms adopting carrier-aggregation. Furthermore, the capability of achieving large BW3dB, around lithographically defined center frequencies, enables the fabrication of transmit and receive modules of the next-generation radio-frequency front ends on the same chip without adding fabrication steps.
Tips for the first trainee in a new pharmacy residency program

Over the last decade or so, the annual number of students graduating from pharmacy schools in the United States increased from approximately 7,000 to nearly 11,000.[1][1] Reflecting this extraordinary growth, the number of graduates seeking postgraduate pharmacy residency programs has also been on
Renal hemodynamic response to osmotic diuresis in man.

SummaryThe hemodynamic response to rapid infusion of hypertonic mannitol was examined in 12 normotensive subjects. At osmolar clearances of 10 to 15 ml/min glomerular filtration rate was decreased in all, the maximal reduction ranging from 19.2 to 39.4%. The maximal reduction in effective renal blood flow was less than 10% in the majority of subjects. Extraction ratio for p-aminohippurate was unchanged in the 4 subjects in whom this measurement was made. The decrease in filtration rate which occurs during osmotic diuresis as induced by mannitol probably results, at least in part, from a reduction in net filtration pressure caused by increased tubular volume and hydrostatic pressure. It is recognized that changes in the interstitial pressure and renal vasomotor activity may also participate in the renal response to hypertonic mannitol infusion.
A Retrospective Study Between the Relationships of Gender, Age of Onset, and Frequency of Problematic Behaviors in Early Onset Bipolar Disorder

vi LIST OF TABLES xii CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION 1 Purpose of the Study 8 The Significance of the Study 11 Definition of Terms 12 Bipolar I Disorder 12 Bipolar II Disorder (Recurrent Major Depressive Episodes with Hypomanic Episodes) 12 Bipolar Disorder Not Otherwise Specified 12 Conduct Disorder 13 Adolescent‐Onset Type 14 Substance Abuse 14 Substance Dependence 15 Limitations of Study 17 II. REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE 18 The Historical Origins of Bipolar Disorder 20 The Relationship between Age‐of‐Onset of Bipolar Disorder and Substance Use/Abuse in Children and Adolescents 22
Thirty Years of Development of Study on Incidental Vocabulary Acquisition: From 1985 to 2014

in 1985,Nagy put forward the concept of incidental vocabulary acquisition in a research of English as the mother tongue. It quickly developed into the field of English as a second language. The domestic research in China in 1990 s starts from psychologists' research on Chinese children's first language acquisition,then to the field of Chinese acquisition of English as a second language,and in 2000,to that of the acquisition of Chinese as a second language. The researches mainly focus on the influential factors as well as the relationship between incidental vocabulary acquisition and direct vocabulary acquisition. Most of the researches reveal that incidental vocabulary acquisition through reading is quit effective.The level of second language,vocabulary,words-guessing ability,frequency of target words,reading tasks and reading tool can influence incidental vocabulary acquisition. The researches are quite significant for the further study on TCSL vocabulary acquisition and reading teaching.
Prospective Solid-state Photonic Cryocooler Based on the “Phonon-deficit Effect”

Abstract In this design microwave photons are propagating in a sapphire rod, and are being absorbed by a superconductor deposited on the surface of the rod. The frequency of the radiation is tuned to be less than the energy gap in the superconductor, so that the pair breaking is not taking place. This photon pumping redistributes the electron-hole quasiparticles: their distribution function is non-equilibrium, and the “phonon-deficit effect” takes place. There is a dielectric material deposited on top of superconductor, which serves asthe “cold finger” of the cooler. Its “acoustical density” is supposed to be smaller than that of the superconducting material, so phonons are being “rectified” and propagate from, but not to it: the energy flows from the “cold finger” into the superconductor. The best reported rectification achieved as of today is about factor of five, which is marginal for our design. To further enhance the rectification, one can use the acoustical filtering. It can be arranged between the superconductor and the “cold finger”. Having a remarkably high heat conductivity and high acoustic density, the sapphire rod serves not only as a photonic wave-guide, but also as a thermal heat sink. It is thermally anchored to the bigger external heat-bath. Spectral phonon filters are arranged between sapphire and superconducting film, so that sapphire would only receive and absorb excess phonons without supplying deficient phonons to the superconductor. We performed calculations using parameters of existing materials;majordetails characterizing the designhave been taken into account. Opportunities are “cool” enough to be pursued experimentally.
ACUTE CARE COSTS OF THE OLDEST OLD

Caring for elderly patients in the hospital costs less as they age. Among the reasons: Their ailments are less expensive to treat, they receive less aggressive care, and they are treated in less expensive hospitals.
The Use of Indirect Indicator Systems to Detect Mutagenic Activity in Human Subjects and Experimental Animals

Whereas exposure of human beings to potential mutagens is very likely increasing as a result of pollution from chemicals and chemical by-products used in or generated by agricultural and industrial operations as well as by drugs used for therapeutic purposes in medicine, evaluation of the genetic hazards associated with such exposure poses problems not amenable to simple solutions. Complete assessment of the mutagenic effect of a given chemical in human beings would require in the least not only considerable information on the genetic effects of the chemical and its possible interactions with other substances, but also information on the magnitude of health resources necessary to respond to such mutations. On the other hand, first steps can be taken in the identification of a potentially genetically hazardous compound by means of well-established detection procedures (and, in the future, by those under development and holding promise of success) devised and refined by many workers m a wide variety of organisms ranging from bacteria to subhuman mammals to man.
Searching Independent Candidates on Sina Weibo

My research assistant Daisy Bui Ying Chung conducted the search for blog posts and reposts of independent candidates on Sina Weibo and coded candidate postings for the Chapter 5 discussion of candidate electoral objectives. She began her search with Li Fan's World and China Institute website (http://www.world-china.org/); the Center for the Study of the People's Congress and Foreign Legislatures website (http://www.e-cpcs.org/), affiliated with Peking University's Center for the Study of the People's Congress and Legislatures and the Research Institute on Constitutional Government of the Chinese University of Politics and Law; Fudan University's Elections and People's Congress Center website (http://www.fepc.org.cn/); and the Carter Center's China Elections and Government website (http://chinaelectionsblog.net/). She then used search engines Baidu and especially Duxiu. An effective search method was to link keywords from one article to find others. She was able to access blogs and even deleted reposts. Two blogs provided unofficial lists of independent candidates by name. An October 2011 blog listed 90 candidates; a January 2012 blog listed 103 candidates. Eliminating overlap and adding names found through searches produced a list of 152 independent candidates, whose blog posts and reposts could be searched by candidate name. Of the 152, she found sufficient information in blog posts and reposts to write up brief biographies and code electoral objectives of 61 independent candidates. This includes 22 of the 23 members of Beijing proto-parties.
Early Seizures and Hippocampal Pathology

The relation of childhood seizures to hippocampal neuron loss, mossy fiber synaptic reorganization, and eventual hippocampal sclerosis was investigated at the Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, and the Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH.
Selection of Project Membership Using Fuzzy Probability Goals for Cognitive Style

The premise of this research is the development of a model that will assist management in the selection of team members to projects based on the ability to fit individual cognitive style as closely as possible to the project goal(s). The paper presents background information on cognitive styles and fuzzy logic with an algorithm developed based on belief in the fuzzy probability of a cognitive style fitting a defined goal. An application is presented and conclusions are stated.
Au Fixed Point Development at NRC

Two Au fixed points filled using metal of different nominal purities in carbon crucibles have been developed at the National Research Council Canada (NRC). The primary motivation behind this project was to provide the means for direct thermocouple calibrations at the Au freezing point ( $$1064.18~^\circ \hbox {C}$$ ). Using a Au fixed point filled with the metal of maximum available purity [99.9997 % pure according to glow discharge mass spectroscopy (GDMS)], multiple freezing plateaus were measured in a commercial high-temperature furnace. Four Pt/Pd thermocouples constructed and calibrated in-house were used to measure the freezing plateaus. From the calibration at Sn, Zn, Al and Ag fixed points, the linear deviation function from the NIST-IMGC reference function (IEC 62460:2008 Standard) was determined and extrapolated to the freezing temperature of Au. For all the Pt/Pd thermocouples used in this study, the measured EMF values agree with the extrapolated values within expanded uncertainty, thus substantiating the use of 99.9997 % pure Au fixed point cell for thermocouple calibrations at NRC. Using the Au fixed point filled with metal of lower purity (99.99 % pure according to GDMS), the effect of impurities on the Au freezing temperature measured with Pt/Pd thermocouple was further investigated.
Critical Care Information Systems: Essential Infrastructure for Critical Care Nursing Practice

In the three decades since the installation of the first bedside computer in the "shock ward" at the University of California and Los Angeles County Hospital, both computer technology and critical care practice have evolved rapidly. The premise of this article is that critical care information systems are an essential infrastructure for critical care nursing practice. This premise is described in terms of the critical care environment, clinical decision making in critical care, increasing demands for information about quality and costs, and national initiatives for the sharing of health care information.
Geometrical Non-linearity Effect on Fatigue Crack Tip Deformation

SUMMARY The opening of fatigue crack increases the tip radius and the closing of the crack decreases it. This variation of the tip radius changes the stress intensity and has effect on crack tip closure, and hence affects the fatigue life. Two numerical examples are given to show this geometrical nonlinearity effect.
Foreword to the Special Issue.

[first paragraph of article] This year marks the 50th anniversary of the description of the publication in Japanese of Dr. Kawasaki’s landmark series of 50 children suffering from the condition that would later bear his name (Kawasaki, 1967). The fact that Kawasaki felt the need to gather 50 subjects before publication attests to the uphill battle that he waged in getting the medical establishment in Japan to recognize that he was describing a new clinical entity (Burns et al., 2000). Kawasaki had no knowledge of the potentially dire consequences of the condition that he described, as it was not until 1970, when the Japanese Ministry of Health conducted a questionnaire survey of Japan, that the 10 deaths from acute myocardial infarction were discovered. By the time of his seminal publication in English in 1974, the complications of coronary artery vasculitis and aneurysm formation were clearly linked to the clinical illness (Kawasaki et al., 1974).
Accelerated distributed Nesterov Gradient Descent for convex and smooth functions

This paper considers the distributed optimization problem over a network, where the objective is to optimize a global function formed by an average of local functions, using only local computation and communication. We develop an Accelerated Distributed Nesterov Gradient Descent (Acc-DNGD) method for convex and smooth objective functions. We show that it achieves a O(1/t1.4-e) (∀ e e (0,1.4)) convergence rate when a vanishing step size is used. The convergence rate can be improved to O(1/t2) when we use a fixed step size and the objective functions satisfy a special property. To the best of our knowledge, Acc-DNGD is the fastest among all distributed gradient-based algorithms that have been proposed so far.
Abstract A33: Loss of Id4 initiates PIN-like lesions by maintaining stemness in mice prostate

Inhibitor of differentiation 4 (Id4), a member of the helix-loop-helix family of transcriptional regulators, has emerged as a tumor suppressor in prostate cancer (PCa). Recent studies have shown that Id4 is highly expressed in the normal prostate and decreases in prostate cancer (PCa) due to epigenetic silencing. Id4 knockdown in androgen-sensitive LNCaP cells has been shown to lead to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) in vitro and in vivo. Id4-/- mice leads to underdeveloped prostate without the loss of androgen receptor (AR) expression. In this study we demonstrate that prostates from the Id4 knockout (Id4-/-) mice show PIN-like lesions, suggesting that loss of Id4 plays a major role in initiation of prostate PCa. Histology of Id4 -/- mice prostate shows more PIN lesions at 3 months and 6 months without showing clear evidence of prostate cancer. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated increased expression of Amacr, which is a biomarker for PIN and PCa, only in Id4-/- 3-month- and 6-month-old prostate tissue. The expression of Nkx3.1 and Pten tumor suppressor genes in Id4-/-mouse prostate was undetectable, suggesting that loss of Id4 has potential to initiate or progress to PCa. Although PTEN protein was not present in Id4-/- mice, the presence of the corresponding PTEN mRNA suggested intact transcriptional program. These results suggested that Id4 plays a role in regulating the translation of the PTEN mRNA. We are currently investigating the ID4-regulated mechanisms involved in the translational control of PTEN. The results suggested that id4-/- results in PIN lesions that are in part due to a block in Pten translation. Sca-1 is a member of the Ly6 family of glycosyl phostidylinositol (GPI)-anchored cell surface proteins used as stem cell marker in murine prostate. According to cancer stem cell theory, stem cells in basal layer of the prostate tubules give rise to transient amplifying cells and differentiate into terminally differentiated secretory luminal epithelial cells. From the same pathway it gives rise to the tumor-promoting cells, which ultimately form prostate cancer. Sca-1 is expressed in Id4-/- mice 3-month- and 6-month-old prostate glands. These data suggest that loss of Id4 can initiate PIN like lesions by maintaining stemness through regulating transcriptional, translational mechanism via altering the expression of PTEN, NKX3.1, C-MYC and other regulatory molecules. Currently we are investigating that regulatory mechanism, mainly focusing on mRNA interference mechanisms. Citation Format: Dhanushka Hewa Bostanthirige, Jugal Joshi, Shravan Kumar, Divya Patel, Jaideep Chaudhary. Loss of Id4 initiates PIN-like lesions by maintaining stemness in mice prostate [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Advances in Modeling Cancer in Mice: Technology, Biology, and Beyond; 2017 Sep 24-27; Orlando, Florida. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(10 Suppl):Abstract nr A33.
Race, Colorism, Body Size, Body Position, and Sexiness: Critically Analyzing Women in Fashion Illustration Textbooks

The purpose of this study is to critically examine the fashion illustration textbooks that are currently being used within the textile and apparel discipline. Using gendered stereotypes and interse...
3D Printed Composite Keyboard Switches

Abstract This paper is a demonstration of how 3D printing can be used to create a composite (plastic and rubber) keyboard switch that is ergonomically superior to a traditional injection moulded plastic switch. The prototype switch developed in this project aims to reduce impact forces from keyboard use exerted on user’s fingers by “cushioning” the act of bottoming out the switch during a key press. This concept is significant to industry because it aims to reduce overuse injuries caused from work on computer, a portion of the $20 Billion a year owed in worker compensation in the United States. A commercial Cherry MX keyboard switch has been modified through CAD modelling and 3D printing to incorporate damping regions in the lower half of the switch housing. The switch housings were simultaneously 3D printed with plastic and rubber and their force damping properties were tested with an Arduino UNO microcontroller and force sensing resistor resting on the key tops.
The Body in Wonder: Affective Suspension and Medieval Queer Futurity

This chapter argues that Chaucer in The Franklin’s Tale deploys wonder as an affective script that enfolds shame and creates its own reality. As a complex affective phenomenon that is somatic and cognitive, suspensive and mobile, stupefying and animating, wonder provides a strategic alternative to paradigms of shame or hope in reading premodern queer subject formation and futurity. Wonder as a queer temporal strategy suspends the present but also gestures toward an inscrutable future that is neither anti-relational nor utopic. Premodern queerness, in this instance, resides in the subject’s non-coincidence with declensions of the first, second, and third person. That is, the queer occupies the position of the fourth-person singular: the space of maximum attention and singular vitality that counters the disciplinary regime of marriage.
Public health in Democratic People's Republic of Korea.

The knowledge about public health in the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DRPK) has improved in recent years. Given the scale of the challenges, national and international entities have sought to highlight data, gaps and inequities to inform progress. These have highlighted key areas for public health investment, such as the 18 million people who are dependent on a public distribution system of food rations and the more than 10 million who are undernourished.1 Public health improvements have been occurring. For example, coverage rates of diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis vaccination increased from 37% in 1997 to 96% in 2013.2 Yet, challenges persist across an array of indicators. Under five mortality remains notable at 15 per 1000 live births. And, although faecal contamination of source water is 23.5%, more than 20% of parents do not seek care for children with diarrhoea from public health facilities—55% of those who do seek care do not receive oral rehydration salts and zinc.3 Health infrastructure is extensive, but capacity is low and the system is under-resourced.4 There are many unknowns on the state of public health in DPRK. Park et al in BMJ …
The Art of Unarmed Stage Combat

The Art of Unarmed Stage Combat is a guide to the principles and techniques of theatrical violence, combining detailed discussions of the mechanics of stage fighting with the nuances of acting decisions to make fighting styles reflect character and story. Expert Fight Director Robert Najarian offers never-before-published games and exercises that allows actors to develop the skills and concepts for performing violence for stage and screen. This title utilizes a unique system of training techniques that result in stage violence that is both physically engaging for the performer, while remaining viscerally engaging for the audience. This book is written for the actor and fight director.
Clear differences in ovarian cancer incidence and trends by ethnicity among Asian Americans

Abstract Background Across major races in the United States (U.S.), ovarian cancer incidence is low among Asian American women. However, this observation aggregates Asian Americans as a single group despite their heterogeneity. Disaggregating the ethnic Asian population will produce more useful information to better understand ovarian cancer incidence among Asian women in the U.S. Methods Data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program from 1990 to 2014 were used to compare age-adjusted incidence rates (AAIRs, per 100,000 women) for ovarian cancer for the six largest U.S. Asian ethnicities (Asian Indian/Pakistani, Chinese, Filipino, Japanese, Korean, Vietnamese) to non-Hispanic whites (NHWs). The race/ethnicity-specific AAIRs were calculated by time period and histotype. We examined the magnitude and direction of AAIR trends using average annual percent change (AAPC) statistics. Results All Asian ethnicities had significantly lower ovarian cancer incidence rates than NHWs. However, among Asian ethnicities, Asian Indians/Pakistanis had the highest rate of ovarian cancer (AAIR = 10.51, 95% CI: 9.65–11.42) while Koreans had the lowest (AAIR = 7.23, 95% CI: 6.62–7.88). Clear cell ovarian cancer had significantly higher incidence rates among Chinese, Filipino, and Japanese women than NHW women (incidence rate ratio (IRR) = 1.49, 95% CI: 1.29–1.72, IRR = 1.30, 95% CI: 1.12–1.51, IRR = 1.64, 95% CI: 1.36–1.97, respectively). Incidence trends also differed by Asian ethnicity with significant decreases only observed for Chinese (AAPC = −1.49, 95% CI: −2.22 to −0.74) and Japanese (AAPC = −1.75, 95% CI: −2.57 to −0.92). Conclusions Examining Asian Americans as a single group results in missed ethnic-specific disparities in ovarian cancer, hence disaggregating this heterogeneous population in future research is warranted.
How to activate students’ natural desire to test themselves

Testing oneself (i.e., doing retrieval practice) is an effective way to study. We attempted to make learners choose to test themselves more often. In Experiment 1, participants were asked how they wanted to study and were given four options: retrieval with no hint (e.g., idea: ______), a two-letter hint (e.g., idea: s____r), a four-letter hint (e.g., idea: se__er), or a presentation trial (e.g., idea: seeker). They tested themselves on the majority of trials. In Experiment 2, when the hint options were removed, they chose restudy rather than pure test on the majority of trials. These findings show that people prefer self-testing over restudy as long as they can get the answer right on the test. However, we would not recommend hints if they impaired learning compared to pure testing. Experiment 3 showed that this was not the case; the three retrieval conditions from Experiment 1 led to equivalent amounts of learning, and all three outperformed the pure presentation condition. We used different materials in Experiment 4 and found that the hints made retrieval slightly less beneficial when the hints made it possible to guess the answers without thinking back to the study phase (e.g., whip: pu__sh). In summary, hints catalyzed people’s intuitive desire to self-test, without any downside for learning, thus making their self-regulated study more enjoyable and effective.
An Evidence-Based Guideline Supporting Restricted Opioid Prescription after Pediatric Appendectomy.

Abstract Background/Purpose Surgeon overprescription of opioids is a modifiable contributor to the opioid epidemic. No clear guidelines exist for prescribing opioids to younger patients after surgery. We sought to determine postoperative opioid needs in pediatric/young adult patients after laparoscopic appendectomy. Methods Patients 5–20 years old who underwent laparoscopic appendectomy were included for study. All consented patients underwent chart review and were additionally called for an attempted interview. Caregivers were queried on analgesic use and adequacy of pain relief. The main outcome measures were: quantity of opioid used, desire for an opioid, presence of pain ≥ 4/10, and need for follow-up/call owing to pain. All opioids were converted into morphine milligram equivalents (MME). Results Seventy-three patients qualified for the study, 49 of whom completed a postoperative telephone interview. Of the interviewees, 83% did not use or desire an opioid and reported pain Conclusions After hospital discharge following laparoscopic appendectomy, most patients have adequate analgesia without opioids. Opioid prescriptions should be offered sparingly and for no more than 25 MME. Level of evidence Level II. Type of study Prognosis study.
Toward Optimal Hybrid Service Function Chain Embedding in Multiaccess Edge Computing

The emerging multiaccess edge computing (MEC) architecture brings the needed computing resource to the network edge. Many 5G and Internet of Things (IoT) applications are latency sensitive and computation intensive in MEC systems. To flexibly provide and manage the network service requests in MEC systems, network function virtualization (NFV) can be employed to create a chain of service functions (SFs), namely, SF chain (SFC). Through SFC, the customer forwards user data to the edge server/cloud, and the edge server/cloud may return the processed results/models to the customer. When the forward and backward traffic is carrying different content, different SFs may be required for the forward and backward traffic, which requires a hybrid SFC (h-SFC). In this article, we study how to minimize the latency cost when embedding an h-SFC in MEC systems. We define a new problem called minimum latency hybrid SFC embedding (ML-HSFCE) and propose an algorithm, namely, optimal hybrid SFC embedding (Opt-HSFCE) to optimally embed a given h-SFC in MEC systems. Our extensive simulations and analysis show that the proposed Opt-HSFCE needs much less runtime compared with the brutal force algorithm and significantly outperforms the schemes that are directly extended from the existing techniques.
The Multiple Deficit Model: Progress, Problems, and Prospects

The multiple deficit model (MDM) was proposed because the prevailing single-deficit model provided an inadequate account of atypical neuropsychological development. Across methods and levels of analysis, there has been support for the two fundamental tenets of the MDM, that multiple predictors contribute probabilistically to neurodevelopmental disorders and shared risk factors contribute to comorbidity. Diagnostically, the multiplicity of factors means that no single cognitive deficit or combination of deficits can be used to rule in or out most neurodevelopmental disorders. Challenges for the MDM are that the theory is difficult to falsify and that current cross-sectional studies cannot establish causality. Prospects for further development of the MDM include incorporating an explicit focus on promotive and protective factors and pursuing mechanistic connections between multiple factors across levels of analysis.
Altruistic Renal Donation in a Patient With Dissociative Identity Disorder: A Case Report.

Abstract Altruistic donation is currently a common source of organs for kidney transplantation in the United States. In clinical practice, prospective donors typically undergo psychosocial evaluations to determine their suitability for donation. However, the current guidelines for such assessments contain limited recommendations in regard to specific psychiatric disorders. Here we discuss the case of a patient with dissociative identity disorder (DID) who presented for altruistic kidney donation, the challenges involved in her evaluation, and available evidence pertaining to risk assessment in this patient population. Stable baseline functioning, fewer suicidal behaviors, higher integration of personality states and engagement in long term specialized treatment may predict a better general psychiatric prognosis for DID patients, and thus may be useful parameters to consider when assessing risk for live organ donation. We recommend a multi-pronged approach to the psychosocial evaluation for DID patients for altruistic kidney donation. Such an approach should include taking an extensive history of psychiatric illness including suicidal and self-injurious behavior, any prior experiences or adverse responses to medical and surgical procedures, and assessment of baseline functioning and level of integration of personality states. Performing a careful capacity assessment for informed consent should include a focus on the patient’s personalities’ opinions about donation while evaluating for any discrepancies between them. Collateral history is also crucial for determining risk as both the patient’s psychiatric narrative and consistency amongst personality states must be corroborated. Finally, we recommend consulting DID experts and including their recommendations in the final risk assessment.
Adverse effects of nicotine on cardiogenic differentiation from human embryonic stem cells detected by single-cell RNA sequencing.

Abstract Tobacco smoking was one of the important adverse factors for congenital heart disease. The effects of nicotine, the main component of tobacco, on human embryonic cardiogenesis and related mechanisms remain poorly understood. This work used single-cell RNA sequencing to investigate the effects of nicotine on human embryonic stem cell (hESC) line H9 and its underlying mechanisms during cardiac differentiation. H9 was cultured in feeder-free medium and differentiated in cardiac condition medium when cells reached 90% confluent. Cell viability was detected by MTT after different concentration of nicotine treatment. Different expressed genes during cardiac differentiation was analyzed by single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). Key gene expressions were confirmed by qPCR and Western blot. Results showed that 0.1μM–10μM nicotine did not affect H9 cell proliferation. Nicotine 1 μM down-regulated cardiac progenitor cell, mesoderm cell, smooth muscle cell and neural crest cell relatively. Snail1/2 regulating endocardial cushion development were downregulated apparently at differention day 6. Nicotine didn’t affect bry-1 and mesp-1 but inhibited cardiac transcript factors. Consequently, the expression of cTnI, a marker of cardiomyocytes was decreased significantly. The data suggest direct adverse effects of nicotine on heart development at the single-cell level and offer a new approach for estimate drug and environmental toxicity on the pathogenesis of the embryonic cardiovascular system development.
Ubiquitination in cancer stem cell: roles and targeted cancer therapy

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a small subset of stem-like cells inside tumors, which possess abilities of unlimited self-renewal, differentiation and proliferation. Extensive studies have suggested that CSCs are one of the major drivers of tumor initiation, metastasis, relapse and therapeutic resistance. Several regulatory networks including transcriptional programs and various signaling pathways tightly control the stemness, proliferation and differentiation of CSCs. Emerging evidence has indicated that post-translational modifications, especially ubiquitination, play a critical role in maintenance of CSC properties. In this review, we summarize current understandings on E3 ubiquitin ligase-mediated regulation of transcription factors and key signaling pathways involved in the regulation of CSCs, and discuss the strategy to target CSCs and E3 ubiquitin ligases for combating cancers.
Shorter fixation durations for up-directed saccades during saccadic exploration: A meta-analysis.

Utilizing 23 datasets, we report a meta-analysis of an asymmetry in presaccadic fixation durations for saccades directed above and below eye fixation during saccadic exploration. For inclusion in the meta-analysis, saccadic exploration of complex visual displays had to have been made without gaze-contingent manipulations. Effect sizes for the asymmetry were quantified as Hedge’s g. Pooled effect sizes indicated significant asymmetries such that during saccadic exploration in a variety of tasks, presaccadic fixation durations for saccades directed into the upper visual field were reliably shorter than presaccadic fixation durations for saccades into the lower visual field. It is contended that the asymmetry is robust and important for efforts aimed at modelling when a saccade is initiated as a function of ensuing saccade direction.
Inhalational Agents: What Volatile Inhalational Agents Are and How to Use Them in the ICU Setting

Inhalational anesthetic agents are mainstay of use in the operating room for general anesthesia. Over the past decade, the use of inhalational volatile anesthetics has expanded to the critical care setting. Patients admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) from the emergency department (ED) or operating room often require continuous and prolonged infusions of sedatives and opioids for management of pain and anxiety, tolerance of mechanical ventilation, control of intracranial hypertension, and/or provision of immobility. The purpose of this chapter is to review volatile inhalational agents, their specific properties, end organ effects, and use in the ICU setting. The advantages and limitations of the expansion of the volatile anesthetics in the critical care setting along with the safe delivery of inhalational anesthetics for the management of status asthmaticus, status epilepticus, and sedation will be discussed.
X-Ray Spectral Variability of Extreme BL Lac AGN H1426+428

Between 7 March 2002 and 15 June 2002, intensive X-ray observations were carried out on the extreme BL Lac object H1426+428 with instruments on board the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer (RXTE). These instruments provide measurements of H1426+428 in the crucial energy range that characterizes the first peak of its spectral energy distribution. This peak, which is almost certainly due to synchrotron emission, has previously been inferred to be in excess of 100 keV. By taking frequent observations over a four-month campaign, which included $\sim$450 ksec of RXTE time, studies of flux and spectral variability on multiple timescales were performed, along with studies of spectral hysteresis. The 3-24 keV X-ray flux and spectra exhibited significant variability, implying variability in the location of the first peak of the spectral energy distribution. Hysteresis patterns were observed, and their characteristics have been discussed within the context of emission models.
An upper bound on the size of Sidon sets.

In this entry point into the subject, combining two elementary proofs, we decrease the gap between the upper and lower bounds by $0.2\%$ in a classical combinatorial number theory problem. We show that the maximum size of a Sidon set of $\{ 1, 2, \ldots, n\}$ is at most $\sqrt{n}+ 0.998n^{1/4}$ for sufficiently large $n$.
Whole-Brain Resting-State Functional Connectivity Patterns Associated With Pediatric Anxiety and Involuntary Attention Capture

Abstract Background Pediatric anxiety disorders are linked to dysfunction in multiple functional brain networks, as well as to alterations in the allocation of spatial attention. We used network-level analyses to characterize resting-state functional connectivity (rs-fc) alterations associated with 1) symptoms of anxiety and 2) alterations in stimulus-driven attention associated with pediatric anxiety disorders. We hypothesized that anxiety was related to altered connectivity of the frontoparietal, default mode, cingulo-opercular, and ventral attention networks and that anxiety-related connectivity alterations that include the ventral attention network would simultaneously be related to deviations in stimulus-driven attention. Methods A sample of children (n = 61; mean = 10.6 years of age), approximately half of whom met criteria for a current anxiety disorder, completed a clinical assay, an attention task, and rs-fc magnetic resonance imaging scans. Network-level analyses examined whole-brain rs-fc patterns associated with clinician-rated anxiety and with involuntary capture of attention. Post hoc analyses controlled for comorbid symptoms. Results Elevated clinician-rated anxiety was associated with altered connectivity within the cingulo-opercular network, as well as between the cingulo-opercular network and the ventral attention, default mode, and visual networks. Connectivity between the ventral attention and cingulo-opercular networks was associated with variation in both anxiety and stimulus-driven attention. Conclusions Pediatric anxiety is related to aberrant connectivity patterns among several networks, most of which include the cingulo-opercular network. These results help clarify the within- and between-network interactions associated with pediatric anxiety and its association with altered attention, suggesting that specific network connections could be targeted to improve specific altered processes associated with anxiety.
Sexual minorities in intercollegiate athletics: religion, team culture and acceptance

The role of religious identity has been explored as an important element of self-identity for many individuals. Organized religions are also often recognized as unwelcoming environments for sexual ...
DHEA Moderates the Impact of Childhood Trauma on the HPA Axis in Adolescence.

Background Trauma can lead to long-term downregulation of the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis. However, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) has neuroprotective effects that may reduce the need for downregulation of the axis in response to stress. Furthermore, high DHEA/cortisol ratios are often conceptualized as better markers of DHEA's availability than DHEA alone, as ratios account for the coupling of DHEA and cortisol in response to stress. Objectives In this study, we explored if DHEA and DHEA/cortisol ratios moderated the association between childhood maltreatment and the HPA axis stress response. Methods The sample consisted of 101 adolescents (ages 12-16) who completed the Child Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) and the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST). Cortisol was modeled using saliva samples at 8 time points throughout the TSST. Cortisol and DHEA ratios were examined at baseline and 35 min after stress initiation. Results Childhood maltreatment was associated with less steep cortisol activation slope and peak cortisol levels, but DHEA and DHEA/cortisol ratios moderated this effect. At high levels of DHEA, the impact of childhood maltreatment on cortisol peak levels was no longer significant. In contrast, high DHEA/cortisol ratios were associated with an intensification of the impact of childhood maltreatment on peak levels. Conclusions Results suggest that DHEA can limit the blunting of the HPA axis in response to childhood maltreatment. However, this protective effect was not reflected in high DHEA/cortisol ratios as predicted. Therefore, high DHEA and high DHEA/cortisol ratios may reflect different, and potentially opposite, processes.
Pricing in Ride-Share Platforms: A Queueing-Theoretic Approach

We study optimal pricing strategies for ride-sharing platforms, such as Lyft, Sidecar, and Uber. Analysis of pricing in such settings is complex: On one hand these platforms are two-sided -- this requires economic models that capture the incentives of both drivers and passengers. On the other hand, these platforms support high temporal-resolution for data collection and pricing -- this requires stochastic models that capture the dynamics of drivers and passengers in the system.In this paper we build a queueing-theoretic economic model to study optimal platform pricing. In particular, we focus our attention on the value of dynamic pricing: where prices can react to instantaneous imbalances between available supply and incoming demand. We find two main results: We first show that performance (throughput and revenue) under any dynamic pricing strategy cannot exceed that under the optimal static pricing policy (i.e., one which is agnostic of stochastic fluctuations in the system load). This result belies the prevalence of dynamic pricing in practice. Our second result explains the apparent paradox: we show that dynamic pricing is much more robust to fluctuations in system parameters compared to static pricing. Thus dynamic pricing does not necessarily yield higher performance than static pricing -- however, it lets platforms realize the benefits of optimal static pricing, even with imperfect knowledge of system parameters.
Optimal Network Coding Policy for Joint Cellular and Intermittently Connected D2D Networking

In this paper, we study the problem of transmittinga common content to a number of cellular users with the help of device-to-device (D2D) links via instantly decodable network coding (IDNC). In particular, a common content that is broadcast by a base station may be partially received by cellular users due to packet erasures over cellular links. D2D links among cellular users, which may be intermittently available due to mobility and link imperfections, are used to recover the missing content. In this setup, we design an IDNC mechanism to minimize packet completion time, defined as the amount of time it takes for the common content to be received by all cellular users. We develop an optimal packet completion time strategy by constructing a two-layer IDNC conflict graph where the higher layer represents all feasible network coded packets that can be transmitted over cellular links, while the lower layer consists of network coded packets (as well as corresponding cellular users that can generate and transmit these packets) that can be transmitted via D2D links. We show that finding the optimal IDNC packets to minimize the packet completion time problem is equivalent to finding the maximum independent set of the two-layer IDNC conflict graph. We also design a sub-optimal IDNC mechanism, aIDNC, that efficiently finds IDNC packets to be transmitted over cellular and D2D links. Finally, the efficiency of our proposed approach is verified through numerical experiments.
Laser machined micropatterns as corrosion protection of both hydrophobic and hydrophilic magnesium.

Abstract Magnesium and its alloys are promising candidate materials for medical implants because they possess excellent biocompatibility and mechanical properties comparable to bone. Furthermore, secondary surgical operations for removal could be eliminated due to magnesium's biodegradability. However, magnesium's degradation rate in aqueous environments is too high for most applications. It has been reported that hydrophobic textured surfaces can trap a surface gas layer which acts as a protective barrier against corrosion. However, prior studies have not investigated separately the role of the texture and hydrophobic treatments on magnesium corrosion rates. In this study, pillar-shaped microstructure patterns were fabricated on polished high purity magnesium surfaces by ablation with a picosecond laser. Some micropatterned samples were further processed by stearic acid modification (SAM). Micropatterned surfaces with SAM had hydrophobic properties with water droplet contact angles greater than 130 ° , while the micropatterned surfaces without SAM remained hydrophilic. The corrosion properties of textured and smooth magnesium surfaces in saline solution were investigated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and optical microscopy. Corrosion rates on both hydrophobic and hydrophilic laser machined surfaces were reduced ∼90% relative to polished surfaces. Surprisingly, corrosion rates were similar for both hydrophobic and hydrophilic surfaces. Indirect evidence of local alkalization near microstructures was found and was hypothesized to stabilize the Mg(OH)2 layer, thereby inhibiting corrosion on hydrophilic surfaces. This is different than the corrosion resistance mechanism for superhydrophobic surfaces which makes use of gas adhesion at the liquid solid interface. These results suggest additional processing to render the magnesium hydrophobic is not necessary since it does not significantly enhance the corrosion resistance beyond what is conferred by micropatterned textures.
Mass Transport by Waves and Offshore Sand Bedforms

Mass transport inside the oscillatory bottom layer near the sea bottom is studied for three-dimensional wave motion. Influence on the transport of fine and coarse sand and significance to the sea bottom morphology are presented.
Transplantation: Outcomes of prenatal immunosuppression.

A new study reports abnormal peripheral lymphocyte counts and an increased incidence of hospital admission for infections among infants born to mothers with kidney transplants. Further studies are required to investigate the effects of in utero exposure to immunosuppressive agents on immune system development and long-term disease risk in this population.
Coordinate Frames for Realtime Seam Tracking

Four coordinate frames play an important role in realtime path generation, viz. 1. Base coordinate frame ([W]); 2. Sensor coordinate frame ([S]); 3. Torchtip coordinate frame ([T]); 4. Seam coordinate frame ([C(k)]).
Examining O-xylosyltransferase in Drosophila

O-xylosyltransferase (Oxt) is a transmembrane glycosyltransferase that initiates the first step in heperan and chrondroitin sulfate (HS and CS) proteoglycan biosynthesis. HSPGs and CSPGs are abunda...