cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Air-Sea Interactions During the Passage of a Winter Storm Over the Gulf Stream: A Three-Dimensional Coupled Atmosphere-Ocean Model Study

[1] A three-dimensional, regional coupled atmosphere-ocean model with full physics is developed to study air-sea interactions during winter storms off the U. S. east coast. Because of the scarcity of open ocean observations, models such as this offer valuable opportunities to investigate how oceanic forcing drives atmospheric circulation and vice versa. The study presented here considers conditions of strong atmospheric forcing (high wind speeds) and strong oceanic forcing (significant sea surface temperature (SST) gradients). A simulated atmospheric cyclone evolves in a manner consistent with Eta reanalysis, and the simulated air-sea heat and momentum exchanges strongly affect the circulations in both the atmosphere and the ocean. For the simulated cyclone of 19–20 January 1998, maximum ocean-to-atmosphere heat fluxes first appear over the Gulf Stream in the South Atlantic Bight, and this results in rapid deepening of the cyclone off the Carolina coast. As the cyclone moves eastward, the heat flux maximum shifts into the region near Cape Hatteras and later northeast of Hatteras, where it enhances the wind locally. The oceanic response to the atmospheric forcing is closely related to the wind direction. Southerly and southwesterly winds tend to strengthen surface currents in the Gulf Stream, whereas northeasterly winds weaken the surface currents in the Gulf Stream and generate southwestward flows on the shelf. The oceanic feedback to the atmosphere moderates the cyclone strength. Compared with a simulation in which the oceanic model always passes the initial SST to the atmospheric model, the coupled simulation in which the oceanic model passes the evolving SST to the atmospheric model produces higher ocean-to-atmosphere heat flux near Gulf Stream meander troughs. This is due to wind-driven lateral shifts of the stream, which in turn enhance the local northeasterly winds. Away from the Gulf Stream the coupled simulation produces surface winds that are 5 ∼ 10% weaker. Differences in the surface ocean currents between these two experiments are significant on the shelf and in the open ocean.
Combined treatment with a β-blocker and intermittent PTH improves bone mass and microarchitecture in ovariectomized mice

Intermittent administration of parathyroid hormone (PTH) induces bone remodeling and renewed bone modeling, resulting in net bone gain. beta-blockers improve trabecular bone architecture in young ovariectomized mice by preventing the inhibition of bone formation and stimulation of bone resorption induced by the adrenergic system. To test the hypothesis that PTH and beta-blockers may exert synergistic effects on the skeleton, 15-week-old ovariectomized mice were either given oral propranolol (PRO) or left untreated for 8 weeks, adding daily hPTH(1-34) (80 microg/kg/day) or vehicle (VEH) during the last 4 weeks. The skeletal response was evaluated using pDXA, microCT, histomorphometry and biochemical markers. PRO significantly attenuated loss of bone mineral density (BMD) at whole body (WB) (-0.1% in PRO vs. -2.4% in VEH, P < 0.05), but not at spine or femur 4 weeks after OVX. Thereafter, PTH increased BMD at all sites in both PRO- and VEH-treated mice (+6.7% to +14%, P < 0.05 to P < 0.0001 vs. VEH). Over 8 weeks, sequential-combined treatment of PRO and PTH significantly improved BMD over PTH alone at WB (+9.1% vs. +4.4% over baseline, respectively, P < 0.005) and spine (+9% vs. -1.7%, respectively, P < 0.05). These effects were paralleled by a decrease in TRACP5b with PRO (P < 0.05 vs. VEH) and an increase in osteocalcin with PTH, irrespective of PRO (P < 0.0001 vs. VEH). Trabecular bone microarchitecture, such as BV/TV, trabecular number and ConnD, was significantly improved by sequential-combined treatment of PRO and PTH compared to PTH alone. At midshaft femur, both PRO and PTH significantly increased cross-sectional area (CSA), but the effects of the two drugs on CSA and cortical thickness were not additive. Dynamic histomorphometry indicated that bone formation was increased by PTH at both cortical and trabecular surfaces, whereas PRO increased osteoblast number and surface on trabecular surfaces. The combined treatment further improved the extent of mineralization and BFR over PTH alone (P < 0.05) at endocortical surfaces and recapitulated the effects of PTH and PRO alone on trabecular surfaces. These results indicate that beta-adrenergic blockade may partially improve the bone remodeling balance induced by estrogen deficiency. In turn, PRO exerted synergistic effects with intermittent PTH on bone mass and cancellous bone architecture. As such, combined therapy of beta-blockers and PTH may be of interest in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis.
A Software Lifecycle Methodology and Tool Support

This paper describes a system of techniques and tools for aiding in the development and maintenance of software. Improved verification techniques are applied throughout the entire process and management visibility is greatly enhanced. The paper discusses the critical need for improving upon past and present methodology. It presents a proposal for a new production methodology, a verification methodology, and the system architecture for a family of support tools.
A model of 3D propagation in discrete cardiac tissue

A model was developed of a bundle of cardiac fibers embedded in an extracellular space. In contrast to the classical bidomain approach, the model is constructed such that the intracellular and extracellular spaces are spatially distinct. The model was used to test the hypothesis that the distribution of the extracellular fluid in the tissue can affect the conduction velocity. The preliminary results suggest that under nominally normal conditions, the propagation speed depends on the fraction of extracellular space and less on the actual distribution of extracellular space within the bundle.
The role of salt in fold-and-thrust belts

Davis, D.M. and Engelder, T., 1985. The role of salt in fold-and-thrust belts. In: N.L. Carter and S. Uycda (Editors), Collision Tectonics: Deformation of Continental Lithosphere. Tectonophysics, 119: 67-88. The style of deformation in thin-skinned fold-and-thrust belts is critically dependent upon the resistance to sliding along the detachment between the mass of deforming sediments and the underlying rocks. Evaporites can provide an extremely weak horizon within which a basal detachment can form and along which only a relatively small shear traction can be supported. Fold-and-thrust belts that form atop a salt layer, such as the Appalachian Plateau, the Franklin Mountains in northwestern Canada, and the Jura of the Alps, among others, share several readily observable characteristics. As predicted by a simple mechanical model for fold-and-thrust belts, a detachment in salt permits a thrust belt to have an extremely narrow cross-sectional taper. In addition, predicted orientations of the principal stress axes over a salt dtcollement are consistent with the commonly observed lack of a consistently dominant vergence direction of structures within the thrust belt. Other common attributes of salt-basal thin-skinned deformation include the presence of several widely but regularly spaced folds and abrupt changes in deformational style at the edge of the salt basin.
Review of Biomedical Image Processing

This article is a review of the book: 'Biomedical Image Processing', by Thomas M. Deserno, which is published by Springer-Verlag. Salient information that will be useful to decide whether the book is relevant to topics of interest to the reader, and whether it might be suitable as a course textbook, are presented in the review. This includes information about the book details, a summary, the suitability of the text in course and research work, the framework of the book, its specific content, and conclusions.
Comparison of the flexed and extended elbow positions in localiziing ulnar neuropathy at the elbow

Electrophysiologic localization of ulnar neuropathy at the elbow often depends on demonstration of segmental slowing. Based on normative data obtained from 50 control subject, we compared the utility of flexed and extended elbow positions in demonstrating focal slowing at the elbow as compared to the forearm segment in patients with ulnar neuropathy. We studied 35 patients with ulnar neuropathy with definite electrophysiologic localization to the elbow segment defined by conduction block across the elbow segment or by focal slowing demonstrated either in the flexed or extended position. Applying cutoff values from the control group, all 35 patients demonstrated focal slowing at the elbow in the flexed position, whereas only 5 of 35 (14%) patients did so in the extended position. We Conclude that the flexed elbow position is more sensitive than the extended position in localizing ulnar neuropathy at the elbow and should be the preferred method when performing ulnar motor conduction studies.© 1995 John Wiley &Sons, Inc.
Impacts of fire exclusion and recent managed fire on forest structure in old growth Sierra Nevada mixed-conifer forests

We re-sampled areas included in an unbiased 1911 timber inventory conducted by the U.S. Forest Service over a 4000 ha study area. Over half of the re-sampled area burned in relatively recent management- and lightning-ignited fires. This allowed for comparisons of both areas that have experienced recent fire and areas with no recent fire, to the same areas historically based on early forest inventories. Our results indicate substantially altered present forest conditions, relative to the 1911 data, and can largely be attributed to the disruption of the key ecosystem process for these forests, fire. For areas that burned recently there was a noticeable difference in forest structure based on fire severity. Current tree density and canopy cover in areas burned recently with moderate severity did not differ from 1911 estimates, while areas that burned recently with low severity or were unburned had higher tree density and canopy cover relative to the 1911 estimates. This emphasizes an important distinction with regard to using fire to restore forests, resting primarily on whether fires kill trees in the lower and intermediate canopy strata. Our results also demonstrate nearly a doubling of live tree carbon stocks in the present forest compared to the historical forest. The findings presented here can be used by managers and ecologists interested in restoring Sierra Nevada mixed conifer systems.
Tissue composition affects measures of postabsorptive human skeletal muscle metabolism: comparison across genders.

Despite clear anthropomorphic differences, gender differences in human skeletal muscle protein and carbohydrate metabolism have not been carefully examined. We compared postabsorptive forearm glucose, oxygen, and lactate balances and forearm protein kinetics between 40 male and 36 female subjects. Forearm composition was measured in a subset of 17 subjects (8 males and 9 females) using multislice magnetic resonance imaging. Oxygen uptake, net phenylalanine release, and estimated rates of forearm protein synthesis and degradation were greater in male than in female subjects when expressed as the rate per 100 mL forearm volume (P < 0.05). In males, however, muscle accounted for 58% of forearm volume, compared with 46% in females (P < 0.001). When phenylalanine balance, protein degradation and synthesis, and glucose and oxygen uptake were expressed per 100 mL forearm muscle, there were no significant differences across gender. Likewise, the extraction fractions for oxygen, glucose, phenylalanine, and labeled...
Prehospital Reversal of Warfarin-Related Coagulopathy in Intracerebral Hemorrhage in a Mobile Stroke Treatment Unit

Warfarin-related intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) accounts for 15% to 20% of all intraparenchymal hemorrhages and is associated with a much higher mortality than spontaneous ICH.1 Although rapid (ie, within 2 hours of onset) reversal of warfarin effect has been advocated,2,3 significant delays in initiation of therapy and correction of international normalized ratio are common.2 A mobile stroke treatment unit (MSTU) can deliver prehospital stroke care and can shorten the time to thrombolytic therapy in patients with ischemic stroke.4,5 MSTU can also deliver other therapies in acute neurological emergencies. Cleveland Clinic in collaboration with the Emergency Medical Services of the City of Cleveland implemented an MSTU starting July 18, 2014. We report on the prospectively collected data through August 31, 2014. The on-board MSTU team consists of a registered nurse, paramedic, emergency medical technician, and a computed tomography (CT) technologist. A cerebrovascular specialist evaluates the patient via telemedicine (InTouch RP-Xpress. Santa Barbara, CA), whereas a neuroradiologist remotely evaluates images obtained by a portable CT scanner (CereTom, Neurologica Corporation, Danvers, MA). Point-of-care laboratory testing routinely performed includes coagulation profile (coaguChek XS Pro, Roche Diagnostics, Indianapolis, IN), complete blood count (pocH 100i hematology analyzer, Sysmex Corporation, Kobe, Japan), and blood chemistry (iSTAT System, Abbott …
Drug-sensitive reward in crayfish: An invertebrate model system for the study of SEEKING, reward, addiction, and withdrawal

In mammals, rewarding properties of drugs depend on their capacity to activate appetitive motivational states. With the underlying mechanisms strongly conserved in evolution, invertebrates have recently emerged as a powerful new model in addiction research. In crayfish natural reward has proven surprisingly sensitive to human drugs of abuse, opening an unlikely avenue of research into the basic biological mechanisms of drug addiction. In a series of studies we first examined the presence of natural reward systems in crayfish, then characterized its sensitivity to a wide range of human drugs of abuse. A conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm was used to demonstrate that crayfish seek out those environments that had previously been paired with the psychostimulants cocaine and amphetamine, and the opioid morphine. The administration of amphetamine exerted its effects at a number of sites, including the stimulation of circuits for active exploratory behaviors (i.e., SEEKING). A further study examined morphine-induced reward, extinction and reinstatement in crayfish. Repeated intra-circulatory infusions of morphine served as a reward when paired with distinct visual or tactile cues. Morphine-induced CPP was extinguished after repeated saline injections. Following this extinction phase, morphine-experienced crayfish were once again challenged with the drug. The priming injections of morphine reinstated CPP at all tested doses, suggesting that morphine-induced CPP is unrelenting. In an exploration of drug-associated behavioral sensitization in crayfish we concurrently mapped measures of locomotion and rewarding properties of morphine. Single and repeated intra-circulatory infusions of morphine resulted in persistent locomotory sensitization, even 5 days following the infusion. Moreover, a single dose of morphine was sufficient to induce long-term behavioral sensitization. CPP for morphine and context-dependent cues could not be disrupted over a drug free period of 5 days. This work demonstrates that crayfish offer a comparative and complementary approach in addiction research. Serving as an invertebrate animal model for the exposure to mammalian drugs of abuse, modularly organized and experimentally accessible nervous systems render crayfish uniquely suited for studying (1) the basic biological mechanisms of drug effects, (2) to explore how the appetitive/seeking disposition is implemented in a simple neural system, and (3) how such a disposition is related to the rewarding action of drugs of abuse. This work aimed to contribute an evolutionary, comparative context to our understanding of a key component in learning, and of natural reward as an important life-sustaining process.
Chemoreceptor VfcA Mediates Amino Acid Chemotaxis in Vibrio fischeri

Flagellar motility and chemotaxis by Vibrio fischeri are important behaviors mediating the colonization of its mutualistic host, the Hawaiian bobtail squid. However, none of the 43 putative methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins (MCPs) encoded in the V. fischeri genome has been previously characterized. Using both an available transposon mutant collection and directed mutagenesis, we isolated mutants for 19 of these genes, and screened them for altered chemotaxis to six previously identified chemoattractants. Only one mutant was defective in responding to any of the tested compounds; the disrupted gene was thus named vfcA (Vibrio fischeri chemoreceptor A; locus tag VF_0777). In soft-agar plates, mutants disrupted in vfcA did not exhibit the serine-sensing chemotactic ring, and the pattern of migration in the mutant was not affected by the addition of exogenous serine. Using a capillary chemotaxis assay, we showed that, unlike wild-type V. fischeri, the vfcA mutant did not undergo chemotaxis toward serine and that expression of vfcA on a plasmid in the mutant was sufficient to restore the behavior. In addition to serine, we demonstrated that alanine, cysteine, and threonine are strong attractants for wild-type V. fischeri and that the attraction is also mediated by VfcA. This study thus provides the first insights into how V. fischeri integrates information from one of its 43 MCPs to respond to environmental stimuli.
Human Disease-Gene Classification with Integrative Sequence-Based and Topological Features of Protein-Protein Interaction Networks

The discovery of human genes that contribute to the appearance and growth of hereditary diseases is an important problem in bioinformatics research. Many techniques have been devised for classifying genes based on information from a variety of sources such as sequence and functional annotation. Recently, the use of topological information in protein-protein interaction networks has shown promise in disease- genes. In this paper, we develop a disease-gene classification system that integrates topological features of protein interaction networks with sequence- derived and other features, utilizing support vector machines for disease-gene classification. We identified several novel topological, sequence, and function-based features that can help to characterize hereditary disease-genes. We also found that using a more complex classifier can contribute to disease-gene classification. We validated our methods by selecting previously unclassified genes that were predicted with high probabilities as disease-genes, and searching for evidence in recent literature of their involvements in disease.
The social context of performance appraisal and appraisal reactions: A meta-analysis

This study reviews and meta-analyzes the literature on the social context of performance appraisal. Results indicate that aspects of rater-ratee relationship quality (i.e., supervisor satisfaction, supervisor support, supervisor trust) are strongly related to ratee reactions to performance appraisals. Rater-ratee relationship quality is more strongly related to appraisal reactions than appraisal participation or performance ratings. Integrating social exchange theory with procedural justice theory, this article tested whether or not the relationship quality–appraisal reactions relationship was due to relationships between relationship quality and instrumental resources for the ratee (i.e., appraisal participation and rating favorability). When controlling for relationships between these resources and appraisal reactions, a direct path between relationship quality and reactions was significant, supporting a relational model of the exchange between appraisal partners. The relationship quality–appraisal reaction relationship was not moderated by performance rating favorability or appraisal participation. In total, these results highlight the importance of relationship quality to employee reactions to performance appraisal—and the importance of ratee reactions as an important resource in the social exchange between appraisal partners. Implications for theory, practice, and future research are discussed. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comparing Emergent-Literacy Skills and Home-Literacy Environment of Children With Autism and Their Peers:

The purpose of the current study was to characterize and compare the emergent-literacy skills, print interest, and home-literacy environment of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) to their...
Implementation of Basic Reactions for a Miniature Surveillance Robot

Large-scope surveillance is demanded in many civilian activities. These special tasks require a kind of autonomous mobile robot. We present a miniature autonomous robot ("BMS-1", BIT MicroScout-1) for large-scale indoor reconnaissance and surveillance missions. However, the small volume of BMS-1 results in the difficulty of implementing autonomous capacity due to limited computational and communicational resources. Through multiple sensors and control strategy, BMS-1 possesses several basic reactions and also can be teleoperated by a human operator. Several experiments showed that BMS-1 was useful for surveillance in confined spaces and can carry out reconnaissance missions on its own or by teleoperation.
Combined role of reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate and microalbuminuria on the prevalence of peripheral arterial disease.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD), defined by either microalbuminuria (MA) or a reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), is associated with an increased risk of peripheral arterial disease (PAD). The presence of both abnormalities might identify a subgroup of adults at particularly high risk of PAD. Accordingly, we sought to evaluate the combined effect of a reduced eGFR and MA on the prevalence of PAD among United States adults. United States adults ≥40 years old (n = 6,951) participating in the 1999 to 2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were cross-classified into 4 groups according to the presence or absence of MA (urinary albumin/creatinine ratio ≥30 mg/g) and reduced eGFR ( 2 ). PAD was defined as an ankle-brachial index of
Linking remote attestation to secure tunnel endpoints

Client-Server applications have become the backbone of the Internet and are processing increasingly sensitive information. We have come to rely on the correct behavior and trustworthiness of online banking, online shopping, and other remote access services. These services are implemented as cooperating processes on different platforms. To trust distributed services, one must trust each cooperating process and their interconnection.Common practice today is to establish secure tunnels to protect the communication between local and remote processes. Typically, a user controls the local system. The user also controls the security of the tunnel through negotiation and authentication protocols. Ongoing and published work examines how to create and monitor properties of remote systems. What is missing is the link or binding between such properties and the actual remote tunnel endpoint.We examine here how to link specific properties of a remote system "gained through TPM-based attestation" to secure tunnel endpoints to counter attacks where a compromised authenticated SSL endpoint relays the TPM-based attestation to another system. We show how the proposed mechanism can be deployed in virtualized environments to create inexpensive SSL endpoint certificates and instant revocation that scales Internet-wide.
A system for helium speech enhancement using the short-time Fourier transform

Helium speech is produced by speaking in a high-pressure helium-oxygen environment. A variety of acoustical and psychological effects render unprocessed helium speech virtually unintelligible. In this paper, a new system for enhancing helium speech based on the short-time Fourier transform (STFT) is described. The proposed system is able to correct many of the helium speech phenomena, does not require either pitch detection or a voiced/unvoiced decision, and is able to incorporate "spectral substraction" noise reduction algorithms in a natural way. Alternative methods for estimating the spectral envelope from the STFT and correcting its distortion are described, as well as a technique for reducing the signal sampling rate at the earliest possible stage.
The Origin of Trade-Wind Orographic Shower Rains

The purpose of the work reported here was to learn more about rain formation through a study of the extensive Project Shower and other data on the physics and the chemistry of rains. Most of the observations used have been published. It is demonstrated that the water and chloride content of orographic shower rains in Hawaii can be roughly computed from the observed amounts of sea-salt aerosols and water vapor in the sub-cloud layer over the sea, assuming wet adiabatic ascent of the air. From this and several other relationships among the properties of the air and rains, it is tentatively concluded that the showers originate within especially moist parcels of air which are carried into the orographic cloud by the trade winds, and which were previously formed in the sub-cloud layer over the windward sea. Specific suggestions are made for testing the degree to which potential shower-forming air may be identified over the sea or the windward shore prior to rain formation. DOI: 10.1111/j.2153-3490.1960.tb01316.x
Challenges in Analyzing Lipid Oxidation: Are One Product and One Sample Concentration Enough?

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on arguing for new approaches and seeks to change how lipid oxidation analyses are viewed and used to attain more complete and accurate information. Lipid oxidation presents several distinctive challenges for analysis: (1) providing quantitative, reproducible analyses that accurately reflect oxidation chemistry; (2) tracking multiple pathways to avoid missing oxidation and to gain a more complete picture of the full extent and effects of oxidation; (3) obtaining maximum detailed information about specific products, their formation and degradation rates, and their potential transformations; (4) tracking the footprints of oxidation in co-oxidation products to avoid underestimating lipid oxidation and to assess the full range of oxidative deterioration in the system; (5) data mining: gleaning maximum information from large volumes of data; and (6) integrating multi-pathway data to develop a new understanding of lipid oxidation. The chapter considers theses challenges, presents more experimental detail in this area, and introduces more concepts and possibilities because these represent the directions readers need to move in the development of lipid oxidation assays. It also introduces the fundamental approaches of chemo metrics and proposes several ways in which they may apply to analyses of lipid oxidation.
Development of meadow voles is influenced postnatally by maternal photoperiodic history

The importance of maternal photoperiodic history during lactation on the postnatal development of meadow vole pups was tested by cross-fostering pups on the day of birth between photorefractory females (housed for 26 wk in a 10:14-h light-dark cycle before mating) and photosensitive females (housed for 2 wk in a 10:14-h light-dark cycle before mating). Control pups were cross-fostered to females with the same photoperiodic history as the gestational dam. Somatic growth and food intake of cross-fostered pups were influenced by the photoperiod of the postnatal lactating dam. Pre- and postnatal maternal photoperiodic history interacted with the sex of the offspring to influence reproductive development. Pelage development was determined exclusively by the prenatal maternal photoperiodic history. The impact of a postnatal maternal influence on pup development of photoperiod-sensitive traits is discussed.
Sexual Minority Stress and Suicide Risk: Identifying Resilience through Personality Profile Analysis

BACKGROUND Sexual minority-based victimization, which includes threats or enacted interpersonal violence, predicts elevated suicide risk among sexual minority individuals. However, research on personality factors that contribute to resilience among sexual minority populations is lacking. Using the Five-Factor Model, we hypothesized that individuals classified as adaptive (versus at-risk) would be at decreased risk for a suicide attempt in the context of reported lifetime victimization. METHOD Sexual minority-identified young adults between the ages of 18 and 25 (N=412) were recruited nationally and asked to complete an online survey containing measures of personality, sexual minority stress, and lifetime suicide attempts. RESULTS A two-stage cluster analytic method was used to empirically derive latent personality profiles and to classify respondents as adaptive (lower neuroticism and higher extroversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness) or at-risk (higher neuroticism, lower extroversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness) on the basis of their Five Factor Personality trait scores. Adaptive individuals were slightly older and less likely to conceal their sexual orientation, but reported similar rates of victimization, discrimination, and internalized heterosexism as their at-risk counterparts. Logistic regression results indicate that despite reporting similar rates of victimization, which was a significant predictor of lifetime suicide attempt, adaptive individuals evidenced decreased risk for attempted suicide in the context of victimization, relative to at-risk individuals. DISCUSSION These findings suggest that an adaptive personality profile may confer resilience in the face of sexual minority-based victimization. This study adds to our knowledge of sexual minority mental health and highlights new directions for future research.
Transcendence: Conservative Wealth and Intergenerational Succession

This Article investigates a hitherto unexplored connection between money and politics. It posits a psychological explanation for why certain extremely wealthy and powerful tycoons back ultraconservative causes and oppose social spending, even on education, though these measures would benefit the economy as a whole. Employing the concept of transcendence, it shows how wealthy parents are often disappointed in their offspring's free-spending ways and weak work ethic. Unconsciously seeking to assure continuity after they are gone, the elderly rich shift focus to assure that their class, at least, will continue to rule after their own demise.
Fourier transform infrared studies on the dissociation behavior of metal-chelating polyelectrolyte brushes.

The dissociation behavior of surface-grafted polyelectrolytes is of interest for the development of stimuli-responsive materials. Metal-chelating polyelectrolyte brushes containing acrylic acid (PAA) or hydroxamic acid (PHA) chelating moieties were grafted from the surface of polypropylene (PP). Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to determine the effective bulk pKa of the polyelectrolyte brushes (pKabulk) and to characterize metal-chelating behavior. The pKabulk values of PP-g-PAA and PP-g-PHA were 6.45 and 9.65, respectively. Both PP-g-PAA and PP-g-PHA exhibited bridging bidentate and chelating bidentate iron chelation complexes. This is the first reported determination of the pKa,bulk of surface-grafted poly(hydroxamic) acid.
Oppenheim's inequality for positive definite matrices

On donne une nouvelle demonstration de l'inegalite d'Oppenheim pour les determinants de matrices definies positives, qui eclaire le cas de l'egalite
Absorption and Translocation of Diazinon and Stauffer N-2790 in Sugar Beet Seedlings

In 2 field tests, 28 lb per acre of 14.3% diazinon granules and 100 lb per acre of 4% Stauffer N-2790 ( O -ethyl S -phenyl ethylphosphonodithioate) granules were broadcast and worked into the soil before planting of sugar beets. Subsequent infestation of the spinach leaf miner, Pegomya hyoscyami (Panzer), were significantly lower in treated than in untreated plots. Sugar beets were grown in similarly treated soil in a Greenhouse where precautions were taken to prevent contamination of foliage. Leaves from 32-day-old seedlings were analyzed chemically by gas chromatographic techniques. Residues of 0.32 ppm of diazinon and 0.048 ppm of Stauffer N-2790 were recovered. Both insecticides had therefore been absorbed and trans located by the plant, thus rendering untreated tissues insecticidal.
Insect-Caused Damage and Mortality to Conelets, Cones, and Seed of Short leaf Pine

The sequence of insect-caused damage and mortality to conelets and 2nd-year cones of shortleaf pine, Pinus echinata Mill, was followed over the 2-year period of cone development in the Georgia Piedmont. During the 1st year, major conelet loss was attributed to infestation by the Nantucket pine tip moth, Rhyacionia frustrana (Comstock), and to abortion, possibly the result of feeding by a seedbug Leptoglossus corculus (Say). Over 70% of the tota1 recorded mortality occurred during this 1st year of cone development. Subsequent disappearance after the initia1 observation accounted for 38% of the conelet loss in 1968 and 62% of the loss of overwintering cones during 1969. Major 2nd-year cone loss was attributed to a combination of coneworms (Dioryctria spp.), a coneborer (Eucosma cocana Kearfott), and midges (Cecidomyiidae). However, loss of nearly half of the seed within the cones, probably the result of seedbug feeding, was the greatest single factor affecting ultimate seed yields of the study trees.
Efficacy of Huiyang Shengji Ointment in Treatment of 31 Cases of Chronic Refractory Skin Ulcer with Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Infection

Objective:To observe the efficacy of Huiyang Shengji Ointment,a TCM drug for external use,in treating chronic skin ulcer with pseudomonas aeruginosa infection.Methods:We selected 31 patients whose ulcer secretion cultures were pseudomonas aeruginosa.Inclusion criteria:brown and unclean ulcer;collapsed sore-shaped;without newly grown granulation tissue;pale sore periderm;in the cold case more sore and twitch;dilute or like slurry or dry.Huiyang Shengji Ointment was applied no mater in what dosage form paste,powder or yarn,wound secretions were more stiff than before and granulation tissue started to grow.About 10 or 15 days later,we made another wound secretion culture.Results:After treatment,the wound secretion culture results were as follows:pseudomonas aeruginosa(1),Escherichia coli(2),Klebsiella pneumoniae(2),Sewer enterobacter(2),Proteus mirabilis(1),Acinetobacter baumannii(1),Staphylococcus aureus(12),Staphylococcus epidermidis(3),Shit enterococcus(2),Quail chicken enterococcus(1),No bacterial growth(4).Before treatment the rate of antibiotic-sensitive was just 52.82%.After treatment bacillus antibiotics sensitive rate was 50.23% and coccus' was 54.87%.Compared with before treatment,there was a significant difference(P = 0.32).Conclusion:The Huiyang Shengji Ointment can be bactericidal and bacteriostatic,remove wound inactivation organization,promote the growth of granulation tissue and promote wound cell activation,showing the advantages of traditional Chinese medicine.
Research Progress in Mechanism of Growth Differentiation Factor-5 Regulation on Cell Differentiation

Growth differentiation factor-5( GDF-5) belongs to TGF-β superfamily. Mature GDF-5,a 120-amino-acid segment,can regulate the growth and repair of the bones,cartilages,and other tissue by inducing target gene with or without Smads. Recently,studies found the effects of GDF-5 on promoting adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells into bones,cartilages,and tendons. Moreover,recent findings revealed GDF-5' s prospective protection on nerve system and heart tissue healing.
Computing with Catalan Families, Generically

We describe arithmetic algorithms on a canonical number representation based on the Catalan family of combinatorial objects specified as a Haskell type class.
Prophylactic mastectomy: pathologic findings in high-risk patients.

○ Background.-According to recently published data, prophylactic mastectomy (PM) appears to prevent about 90% of the expected malignant neoplasms in women with a family history of breast cancer. Objectives.-To identify the frequency of high-risk lesions in PM specimens and to determine occurrence of any new primary breast cancer following PM. Design.-We performed a retrospective study of women undergoing unilateral or bilateral PM. Medical charts and pathologic findings of 35 patients who underwent bilateral mastectomies at University Hospital, Syracuse, NY, from 1989 to 1996 were reviewed. Patients with biopsy-proven bilateral breast cancer were excluded. Patients were divided into 3 groups: (A) positive family history and no known breast cancer (n = 9), (B) positive family history and contralateral neoplasia (n = 13), and (C) negative family history and contralateral neoplasia (n = 13). These findings were compared with those found in reduction mammoplasty specimens from 10 women at standard risk of breast cancer. Results.-The mean age of the control group of women undergoing reduction mammoplasty was 38 years. The pathologic specimens demonstrated no significant pathologic findings in 9 and fibrocystic change in 1. In group A, the mean number of affected relatives was 3.1, and the mean age was 38 years. Two of these 9 women had atypical duct hyperplasia and 1 had atypical lobular hyperplasia in their breasts (ie, 33% with high-risk pathologic findings). Of the 13 group B women (mean age, 46.6 years; mean of 2.5 affected relatives and unilateral breast cancer), the contralateral PM specimen contained duct carcinoma in situ in one and invasive ductal cancer in a second (15% with occult malignant neoplasms). In 13 group C patients (mean age, 47.1 years), 3 (23.1 %) of the contralateral PM specimens displayed atypical duct hyperplasia or atypical lobular hyperplasia. At a mean follow-up of 4.8 years, there have been no new breast malignant neoplasms in these 45 women. Conclusions.-The occurrence of unilateral cancer in patients with family history of breast cancer is associated with a 15.4% probability of simultaneous occult malignant neoplasms in the contralateral breast. Patients with a strong family history but no evidence of breast cancer have a substantially similar rate of proliferative disease in their PM specimens as those women who have unilateral cancer but no significant family history.
Nature of the Physiological Syndrome

Throughout this book attention has been drawn to the similarities in physiological changes that have been observed in plants attacked by a wide variety of pathogenic agents. Although exceptions occur and only a small fraction of all diseases have been examined, the characteristic changes in structure, function, and metabolism discussed in Chapter 3 can be considered together as a physiological syndrome. So viewed, this physiological syndrome can serve as a common denominator for plant pathogenesis.
Analysis on hepatitis C virus infection and related factors among newly reported HIV infections in Henan province

Objective To study hepatitis C virus infection and related factors among newly reported HIV infections in Henan province.Methods Both HIV-1 BED incidence and anti-HCV tests were applied on newly reported HIV-1 infections between 1 Jul 2012 to 30 Jun 2013 in Henan province.Results 2 049 HIV-1 infections were newly reported between 1 July 2012 to 30 June 2013 in Henan province,with the positive rate of anti-HCV as 14.87％ (271/1 887) and the proportion of BED positives was 26.34％ (497/1 887).The recent HIV-1 infections appeared lower HCV prevalence than non-recent HIV-1 infection.Among 20-39 age group,HIV-1 infections had a lower HCV prevalence than among the other age groups.Patients carrying HIV-1 through injecting drug use showed higher HCV prevalence.Conclusion Under results on BED; age,infection route and area were influencing factors of HCV prevalence in newly reported HIV-1 infections in Henan province,suggesting that corresponding prevention programs should be targeted. Key words: HIV infection; Hepatitis C virus; Newly reported
The effects of cooperative and individualistic learning structures on achievement in a college-level computer-aided drafting course

This study of cooperative learning in post-secondary engineering education investigated achievement of engineering students enrolled in two intact sections of a computer-aided drafting (CAD) course. Quasi-experimental and qualitative methods were employed in comparing student achievement resulting from out-of-class cooperative and individualistic learning structures. The research design was a counterbalanced, repeated measures, nonequivalent control group design. During the first half of the semester, one course section served as the experimental group (cooperative learning) and the other section served as the control group (individualistic learning). During the second half of the semester, the treatment and control conditions were switched to the other section. Data collection involved a pretest, a mid-term exam, a final exam, weekly homework drawing grades, an introductory demographic survey, weekly peer reviews, and interviews. The data analyses showed that the differences between the treatment and control group means on the mid-term and final exams were not significant. However, the treatment group means on the weekly homework drawings were significantly higher than those for the control group in each half of the semester. The data revealed main effects of race, prior experience, time of achievement test administration, and prerequisite grade. A post-hoc analysis did not show significant differences among the various levels of prerequisite grade. Also, there were first-order interactions for gender-by-time, experience-by-time, method-by-time for the year as engineering major demographic variable, and method-by-academic year. Qualitative data revealed that most participants had positive group experiences, more participants preferred working in cooperative groups during more difficult activities than introductory material, academically stronger participants might have “carried” weaker participants in the cooperative groups, and there were times identified for cooperative group work during which groups did not work cooperatively. Based upon the findings in this study, one might reasonably conclude that cooperative and individualistic learning structures result in approximately equal student achievement. Thus, when deciding on the use of one learning structure over the other, instructors might focus on which approach seems more appropriate/practical for a particular instructional activity.
Young Stellar Population of the Cygnus Star-Forming Field

We provide homogeneous estimates of the color excess and distance to several open clusters located towardÂ the prominent nebulosity Sh 2-109Â in Cygnus. We found these clusters to form two layers at distances â€¦. LY from the Sun which has implication on the structure of the Cygnus star-forming field.
Laser Revision and Rehabilitation of Mohs Micrographic Surgical Scars

The use of Mohs micrographic surgery has become standard of care to treat a multitude of skin cancers to ensure tissue preservation. However, with any skin surgery, a cutaneous scar is the byproduct, and thus, laser scar revision has become mainstay of treatment. By utilizing varying laser wavelengths, different components that make up a particular scar can be targeted. Lasers are being used to improve scar texture, vascularity, pigmentation, and thickness, and it is important to understand the different uses and applications. Herein, we will review current practices for utilizing lasers or combination treatments to improve post Mohs surgery scars.
Raman Scattering Measurements of Mean Values and Fluctuations in Fluid Mechanics

The purpose of this paper is to show that Raman scattering excited by a pulsed laser can be used to obtain useful information about both the mean values of gas properties and their fluctuations in a dynamic system. This conclusion is illustrated by data from measurements on a CO2-air jet and a CO2-enriched flame.
Pascal’s Wager and Economics in a Hotter Time (1992)

I n weighing the question concerning the existence of God, seventeenth-century philosopher and mathematician Blaise Pascal (1941) proceeded in a manner perhaps instructive for other and more mundane questions. “Reason,” he declared, “can decide nothing here.” Nonetheless, “you must wager. It is not optional.” You have, he believed, “two things to lose, the true and the good; and two things to stake, your reason and your will, your knowledge and your happiness; and your nature has two things to shun, error and misery.” What would you lose by believing that God exists and living a life accordingly? Pascal’s answer was, “If you gain, you gain all; if you lose, you lose nothing.” By doing so you would become “faithful, honest, humble, grateful, generous, a sincere friend, truthful.” The opposite decision, that God did not exist, and a life lived in pursuit of “poisonous pleasures, glory and luxury,” whatever its short-term gains, would bring misery. In other words, if you chose not to believe and it turned out that God did exist, you would have hell to pay. On the other hand, if God did not exist and you had lived a life of faith, you would have sacrificed only a few fleeting pleasures but gained much more. Pascal’s argument for faith, then, rested on the sturdy foundation of prudential self-interest aimed to minimize risk.
A Second Chance for First Impressions? Exploring the Context-(In)Dependent Updating of Implicit Evaluations

Research on implicit evaluation has yielded mixed results, with some studies suggesting that implicit evaluations are relatively resistant to change and others showing that implicit evaluations can change rapidly in response to new information. To reconcile these findings, it has been suggested that changes in implicit evaluations can be limited to the context in which counterattitudinal information was acquired. The current research expands on evidence for such context-dependent changes by investigating whether two cases of rapid change—updating caused by a reinterpretation of earlier information and by exposure to diagnostic information—generalize across contexts or, instead, are limited to the context in which the qualifying information was acquired. Two experiments found that both reinterpretation of earlier information and diagnostic counterattitudinal information led to changes in implicit evaluations that generalized across contexts. Implications for the malleability of implicit evaluations and con...
TCT-343 Implementation of an Electronic Medical Record Based Bleeding Risk Calculator to Reduce Bleeding Events after PCI

Bleeding events are the most common complication of percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI). A severe bleeding event can outweigh the benefits of a PCI, contributing to increased morbidity, mortality and costs. We sought to develop an electronic medical record (EMR) based system to assess bleeding
A CASE STUDY: READING A STORY BOOK WITH YOUNG ENGLISH LANGUAGE LEARNERS AT THE SILENT PERIOD

Reading a story book is considered as an effective way to promote language skills because it has been shown to foster enjoyment and pleasure in reading among language learners, however, there is still insufficient evidence about the effect of the reading on students’ motivation during the silent period to learn a foreign second language. The purpose of this study is to investigate second language learners’ reading motivation, and their language growth among interactions as reading a book during the silent period. Furthermore, this study has an implication to understand how reading a book affects young students when learning a foreign second language as English. Article visualizations: