cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pregnancy outcome after treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukemia during childhood or adolescence

To evaluate gonadal function and pregnancy outcome after treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukemia during childhood or adolescence, 44 former patients who were less than 20 years of age at diagnosis, 5 or more years from diagnosis, and 18 or more years of age were contacted. Thirty-nine (88%) provided information regarding pregnancy outcome. Gonadal function as estimated by the ability to conceive or sire a pregnancy, was not impaired despite treatment with substantial cumulative doses of methotrexate, 6-mercaptopurine, vincristine, and 1-asparaginase. Twelve patients reported a total of 27 pregnancies. There were four spontaneous abortions, one stillborn, and 22 liveborn infants. The birthweights were 1928 to 4536 g (median, 3430 g). Two infants had congenital anomalies. The childrens' ages ranged from 1 month to 10 years, 2 months (median, 6 years, 1 month). None has been diagnosed with any type of childhood cancer. The results of this study suggest that pregnancy outcome is not affected adversely by treatment received during childhood or adolescence for acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
Practical algorithms for selection on coarse-grained parallel computers

In this paper, we consider the problem of selection on coarse-grained distributed memory parallel computers. We discuss several deterministic and randomized algorithms for parallel selection. Experimental results on the CM-5 demonstrate that randomized algorithms are superior to their deterministic counterparts.
Security and privacy in sensor networks

Sensor networks offer economically viable solutions for a variety of applications. For example, current implementations monitor factory instrumentation, pollution levels, freeway traffic, and the structural integrity of buildings. Other applications include climate sensing and control in office buildings and home environmental sensing systems for temperature, light, moisture, and motion. Sensor networks are key to the creation of smart spaces, which embed information technology in everyday home and work environments. The miniature wireless sensor nodes, or motes, developed from low-cost off-the-shelf components at the University of California, Berkeley, as part of its smart dust projects, establish a self-organizing sensor network when dispersed into an environment. The privacy and security issues posed by sensor networks represent a rich field of research problems. Improving network hardware and software may address many of the issues, but others will require new supporting technologies.
ALCOHOL AFTER SEDATION WITH I.V. MIDAZOLAM-FENTANYL: EFFECTS ON PSYCHOMOTOR FUNCTIONING

Patients who arrive home several hours after outpatient surgery may drink alcohol. The extent to which residual drugs used in outpatient surgery interact with alcohol is not known. The purpose of this study was to determine if two i. v. drugs commonly used together in outpatient surgery, midazolam and fentanyf. have residual effects which would interact with alcohol drunk 4 h after injection. Twelve healthy male volunteers participated in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled and cross-over study. Subjects were studied four times successively with a period of 1 week between trials. On each day of testing, the subjects received randomly, by slow i.v. injection (30 s), either saline followed immediately by saline, or midazolam 0.1 mg kg−1 followed immediately by fentanyl 2 μg kg−1. Four hours after the injection, the subjects consumed a beverage which either did or did not contain alcohol 0.7g kg−1. Before and 1, 3, 5 and 7 h after injection (and before and 1 and 3 h after consumption of beverage), psychomotor performance and mood were assessed. While both the combination midazolam-fentanyl and alcohol had independent effects on the dependent measures in this study, there was no interaction between midazolam-fentanyl and alcohol (no potentiating of effects of alcohol by i.v. sedation). We conclude that the effects of benzo-diazepines and opioids that are short-acting and used in outpatient surgery have probably dissipated by the time a patient arrives home, and that effects from alcohol ingested at home will probably not be affected by recent administration of these drugs.
Peptide Kappa Opioid Receptor Ligands: Potential for Drug Development

While narcotic analgesics such as morphine, which act preferentially through mu opioid receptors, remain the gold standard in the treatment of severe pain, their use is limited by detrimental liabilities such as respiratory depression and drug dependence. Thus, there has been considerable interest in developing ligands for kappa opioid receptors (KOR) as potential analgesics and for the treatment of a variety of other disorders. These include effects mediated both by central receptors, such as antidepressant activity and a reduction in cocaine-seeking behavior, and activity resulting from the activation of peripheral receptors, such as analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects. While the vast majority of opioid receptor ligands that have progressed in preclinical development have been small molecules, significant advances have been made in recent years in identifying opioid peptide analogs that exhibit promising in vivo activity. This review will focus on possible therapeutic applications of ligands for KOR and specifically on the potential development of peptide ligands for these receptors.
Radiation in Anisotropic Medium

In this chapter, we will discuss the radiation characteristic of anisotropic medium by studying specifically dipole radiation from a uniaxially layered anisotropic media. We will calculate the far field radiation from an arbitrarily oriented Hertzian dipole when the dipole is placed over or embedded in a layered uniaxially anisotropic medium which is bounded above and below by isotropic media. The optic axis of the uniaxially anisotropic medium is arbitrarily oriented, i.e., not necessarily perpendicular to the plane of stratification. This leads to the cross-polarization effect and coupling between the ordinary and the extraordinary waves that exist in the anisotropic layer. The spectral domain approach is used to determine the far field behavior of the dipole. For this purpose, the dyadic Green’s functions (DGFs) derived in Chap. 4 will be used. The far-field approximated Green’s functions are evaluated using the method of stationary phase and the analytical results for the radiation fields are obtained for both horizontal (\( \hat{x} - {\hbox{ and }}\hat{y} - {\hbox{ oriented}} \)) and vertical (\( \hat{z} - {\hbox{ oriented}} \)) dipoles. The physical interpretation of the analytical results will also be discussed. In Sect. 5.5, numerical results are presented, including parameter studies on radiation patterns. In particular, the effects of anisotropy, layer thickness and dipole location on the radiation fields are discussed.
The Political Economies of Criminal Justice

Long understood as a specialized branch of law applicable to unambiguously harmful transgressions, criminal law has become instead a mechanism for routine social regulation. As Jonathan Simon puts it in a recent book on the subject, politicians increasingly govern through crime, by framing social policy choices as criminal justice problems. Such choices, in turn, engender expansive criminal jurisdiction, powerful enforcement bureaucracies, and ever more capacious concerns about crime-control. This essay makes three arguments in response to the idea that society is governed through crime. First, it explains why Simon's description of the crime-governance nexus yields important contributions to our understanding of law in its social context. These include a rich historical account of the connection between crime control and the power of the American nation-state, along with the idea (which I term contagious framing) that certain approaches to governance problems are capable of spreading across time, space, and subject-matter. Second, it analyzes the range of different political dynamics affecting criminal justice - including some beyond the scope of Simon's project - and considers their effects. Though aspects of the governing through crime phenomenon unquestionably yield troubling results, the multiple dynamics driving criminal justice complicate its evaluation. Criminal enforcement engenders a punitive and encarceral machinery of staggering scope, but also fosters organizations with distinctive capacities to engage in social regulation. The institutional realities identified with governing through crime - including the prominent role of prosecutors and attorneys general, the use of expansive criminal statutes to manage risks, and social programs justified on the basis of crime prevention - draw political support from multiple sources, not all problematic. This mixture of causes and results makes it harder to generalize about the crime-governance nexus, but provides a more descriptively convincing account of criminal law's role. Third, because the crime-governance connection has distinct manifestations and origins, reshaping it to achieve more defensible social goals is a subtle enterprise. Sensible changes in criminal justice could almost certainly yield an acceptable social equilibrium less dependent on incarceration. That society, however, will likely feature a continuing nexus between crime and governance powerfully rooted in the nature of the modern nation-state.
What Works, and Why?: Evaluating the Effectiveness of Cities' Sustainability Initiatives

This essay lays the foundation for the Urban Sustainability Assessment (USA) project, which aims to provide useful information to planners as they make decisions about which programs to pursue and how to go about designing and implementing them. After briefly laying out the rationale for urban sustainability, we describe the kinds of initiatives currently under way in U.S. cities. We then outline our approach to assessing the effectiveness of those efforts. That approach involves gathering detailed information on both program design and political factors, as well as on program outputs. We will construct logic models that link those data, and relates them to environmental outcomes. The result will be a series of focused assessments that we hope will prove valuable to program officials.
Using the Equity Residual Approach to Valuation: An Example (Abridged)

This note provides an example of the equity residual valuation method to a company. The note can be used to accompany cases on private equity acquisitions or other levered transactions. It provides a simple fact set to focus on the essentials of the method.
The Case Against Precipitous, Population-Wide, Whole-Genome Sequencing

From the earliest days of the Human Genome Project, the holy grail of genomics was the ability to perform whole-genome sequencing quickly, accurately, and relatively inexpensively so that the benefits of genomics would be widely available in clinical settings. Although the mythical $1,000 genome sequence seemed elusive for many years, next-generation sequencing technologies and other recent advances clearly indicate that inexpensive whole-genome sequencing is at hand.
S-Adenosylhomocysteine Metabolism in Adenosine Deaminase Deficient Cells

At the Second International Symposium on Purine Metabolism (Baden, 1976) there was much discussion of the potential role of adenosine cytotoxicity as a cause for the immune defect associated with adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency. Since then attention has shifted to the role of deoxyadenosine toxicity with the discovery of elevated dATP pools in blood cells of affected patients (1). I wish to briefly review the studies which have led us to propose related mechanisms of toxicity for both adenosine and deoxyadenosine to ADA deficient cells. Each mechanism involves the compound S-adenosylhomocysteine (AdoHcy) and the enzyme AdoHcy hydrolase, which catalyzes its reversible cleavage to adenosine and L-homocysteine.
Observation on Clinical Effect of Elsevier Oral Calcium on Rickets in Children

[Objective]To explore the efficacy of Elsevier oral calcium on treatment of rickets in children.[Methods]The calcium contents in whole blood of children were tested by flame atomic absorption spectrometry,200 rickets patients whose calcium contents was significantly lower than normal value were screened and randomly divided into two groups according to clinical symptoms and signs.The treatment group was given Elsevier oral calcium,and the control group was treated by oyster calcium carbonate particles.After one month of treatment,the improvement of clinical symptoms and signs,change of calcium concentration between two groups were compared.[Results]In two groups,the clinical symptoms and signs improved significantly,calcium concentrations increased significantly,but there was no significant different between two groups(P 0.05).[Conclusion]Elsevier oral calcium has good effect on treatment of rickets,which has the same effect as the oyster calcium carbonate particles.
A Comparison Of Alternative Approximations For Ordering Perishable Inventory

AbstractExisting models for describing optimal ordering policies for perishable inventory require the solution of a dynamic program of dimension m—1, where m is the product lifetime in periods. As m becomes large, the computational problem becomes quite severe, so that the question of approximate policies is a key one. Empirical investigation into the performance of three families of approximations is considered. The optimal member of each family is determined by simulation and the results compared under three different demand densities and ten configurations of the cost structure. Higher order versions of the approximations discussed are also presented.
Annotated Bibliography, 1885–1950

References to papers dealing with M31 are listed here in order of the year of appearance. Brief annotations are given for most of them. The first part of this compilation is based in part on work done many years ago by students at the University of California, Berkeley, as a class project. Especially hard-working were Conrad Sturch, Ralph Robbins, K. S. Krishna Swamy, Carol Webb, and Ann Merchant (Boesgaard). Not all of the references could be checked directly in available library collections. Thus, especially for some of the older references, we had to rely on the data in the Astronomische Jahresbericht or other secondary sources.
Tacit Representations and Artificial Intelligence: Hidden Lessons from an Embodied Perspective on Cognition

In this paper, I explore how an embodied perspective on cognition might inform research on artificial intelligence. Many embodied cognition theorists object to the central role that representations play on the traditional view of cognition. Based on these objections, it may seem that the lesson from embodied cognition is that AI should abandon representation as a central component of intelligence. However, I argue that the lesson from embodied cognition is actually that AI research should shift its focus from how to utilize explicit representations to how to create and use tacit representations. To develop this suggestion, I provide an overview of the commitments of the classical view and distinguish three critiques of the role that representations play in that view. I provide further exploration and defense of Daniel Dennett’s distinction between explicit and tacit representations. I argue that we should understand the embodied cognition approach using a framework that includes tacit representations. Given this perspective, I will explore some AI research areas that may be recommended by an embodied perspective on cognition.
Abraham, the Knight of Faith

For Kierkegaard in the Concluding Unscientific Postscript it is ‘the God-relationship that makes a human being a human being’.1 By ‘God-relationship’ Kierkegaard does not mean the relationship that all persons have to God by virtue of being persons created by God. He means a faith-relationship, consciously entered and maintained. Faith in God, religious faith, for Kierkegaard, completes us as human beings and fulfils the potential our lives have for meaningfulness. In the Christendom of his day, he judged, faith had become confused with a habitual belief, acquired through the socially approved practice of the established church, completely convenient, and easily compatible with the serious pursuit of comfort. Kierkegaard’s explicit concern is with the state of Christianity in his native Denmark; by extension, however, it would apply to the other nations of Christendom, and, indeed, to other religious traditions, including Judaism and Islam, where faith in God is central. Everywhere, Kierkegaard perceived, religion — faith — was being watered down, or ’levelled’. The essential paradox of faith, without which faith is not faith, had been or was being removed. On one front, the hard sayings of religion had been interpreted by accommodating exegetes so that no one would find anything offensive in them. On another front, faith, or what passed for faith, was being made quite reasonable by theological and philosophical apologists, who addressed the challenge to religion issued by the Enlightenment. Following such apologists, intellectual believers were prepared to ‘go beyond’ the faith of their fathers.
Current Progress in Adoptive T-Cell Therapy of Lymphoma

The lymphomas are a diverse group of malignancies arising from the lymphoreticular system. Individual subtypes have unique pathological features, clinical courses, and response to traditional chemotherapy agents.
Lysosomal trafficking defects link Parkinson's disease with Gaucher's disease

Lysosomal dysfunction has been implicated in multiple diseases, including lysosomal storage disorders such as Gaucher's disease, in which loss-of-function mutations in the GBA1 gene encoding the lysosomal hydrolase β-glucocerebrosidase result in lipid substrate accumulation. In Parkinson's disease, α-synuclein accumulates in Lewy bodies and neurites contributing to neuronal death. Previous clinical and genetic evidence has demonstrated an important link between Parkinson's and Gaucher's disease, as GBA1 mutations and variants increase the risk of Parkinson's and Parkinson's patients exhibit decreased β-glucocerebrosidase activity. Using human midbrain neuron cultures, we have found that loss of β-glucocerebrosidase activity promotes α-synuclein accumulation and toxicity, whereas α-synuclein accumulation further contributes to decreased lysosomal β-glucocerebrosidase activity by disrupting β-glucocerebrosidase trafficking to lysosomes. Moreover, α-synuclein accumulation disrupts trafficking of additional lysosomal hydrolases, further contributing to lysosomal dysfunction and neuronal dyshomeostasis. Importantly, promoting β-glucocerebrosidase activity reduces α-synuclein accumulation and rescues lysosomal and neuronal dysfunction, suggesting that β-glucocerebrosidase may be an important therapeutic target for advancing drug discovery in synucleinopathies including Parkinson's disease. © 2016 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Obama and the Environment

After raising great hopes, Obama disappointed US environmentalists during his first term by giving a relatively low priority to environmental issues (after healthcare and economic stimulus), and by what was seen as a lackluster performance at the 2009 Copenhagen meeting of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. However, toward the end of his second term, Obama was seen as having made real strides in climate policy despite congressional gridlock. Internationally, the approach for which he had been criticized at the Copenhagen meeting had become the foundation of real progress at the Paris meeting of 2015. Whether he had managed to embed these achievements in the structure of the federal government was less clear.
Divergent Synthesis and Real-Time Biological Annotation of Optically Active Tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyranone Derivatives.

Sp3-rich compounds are underrepresented in libraries for probe- and drug-discovery, despite their promise of extending the range of accessible molecular shapes beyond planar geometries. With this in mind, a collection of single-enantiomer bicyclic, fused cyclopentenones underpinned by a complexity-generating Pauson–Khand cyclization was synthesized. A fingerprint of biological actions of these compounds was determined immediately after synthesis using real-time annotation−a process relying on multiplexed measurements of alterations in cell morphological features.
Thoughts About Nursing Conceptual Models and the “Medical Model”:

This essay, written to celebrate the 30th anniversary of Nursing Science Quarterly, focuses on the distinctions between the discipline of nursology and the trade of medicine. The distinctions are drawn from content found in nursing conceptual models and from literature about the elusive content of the so-called "medical model."
Les Américains Noirs: Race and Racism in the U.S. and French Army during World War I

Huddled at the trench's lip, eyes fixed upon the desolate moonscape beyond, anxious soldiers clutched their bayonet-fixed Nebil rifles as their hearts hammered against their chests. As the whistle's Harpielike cry pierced the air, these troops charged across No Man's Land while German shells erupted all around them in a volcanic symphony. The enemy saw the men's French uniforms and dark skin, and believed they faced another company of France's feared West African shock troops. However, these soldiers were not African, nor were they French. These were African-American soldiers of the US Army's 93rd Infantry Division. Placed under the command of the French army in 1918 while still nominally a part of the AEF, these African-American troops had the unique experience of serving in two different armies from two different nations. Unlike their sister division, the 92nd, the 93rd tasted what they believed to be the fruits of equality long denied them in America. Moreover, the legacy of these African-American soldiers reveals far more than racial perspectives held by Americans, but also those of the French, especially when one considers their use of African colonials. Through the lenses of US black soldiers' wartime trials, the employment of black troops in both armies, as well as US and French racial perceptions, one beholds racism's sinister sneer upon the visages of both American and French societies.
Intracardiac versus transesophageal echocardiography to guide transcatheter closure of interatrial communications: Nationwide trend and comparative analysis.

Objectives This study aimed to assess current temporal trends in utilization of ICE versus TEE guided closure of interatrial communications, and to compare periprocedural complications and resource utilization between the two imaging modalities. Background While transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) has historically been used to guide percutaneous structural heart interventions, intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) is being increasingly utilized to guide many of these procedures such as closure of interatrial communications. Methods Using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample, all patients aged >18 years, who underwent ASD or PFO closure with either ICE or TEE guidance between 2003 and 2014 were included. Comparative analysis of outcomes and resource utilization was performed using a propensity score-matching model. Results ICE guidance for interatrial communication closure increased from 9.7% in 2003 to 50.6% in 2014. In the matched model, the primary endpoint of major adverse cardiovascular events occurred less frequently in the ICE group versus the TEE group (11.1% vs 14.3%, respectively, P = 0.008), mainly driven by less vascular complications in the ICE group (0.5% vs 1.3%, P = 0.045). Length of stay was shorter in the ICE group (3 ± 4 vs 4 ± 4 days, P < 0.0001). Cost was similar in the two groups 18 454 ± 17 035$ in the TEE group vs 18 278 ± 15 780$ in the ICE group (P = 0.75). Conclusions Intracardiac echocardiogram utilization to guide closure of interatrial communications has plateaued after a rapid rise throughout the 2000s. When utilized to guide interatrial communication closure procedure, ICE is as safe as TEE and does not increase cost or prolonged hospitalizations.
Element release and reaction-induced porosity alteration during shale-hydraulic fracturing fluid interactions

The use of hydraulic fracturing techniques to extract oil and gas from low permeability shale reservoirs has increased significantly in recent years. During hydraulic fracturing, large volumes of water, often acidic and oxic, are injected into shale formations. This drives fluid-rock interaction that can release metal contaminants (e.g., U, Pb) and alter the permeability of the rock, impacting the transport and recovery of water, hydrocarbons, and contaminants. To identify the key geochemical processes that occur upon exposure of shales to hydraulic fracturing fluid, we investigated the chemical interaction of hydraulic fracturing fluids with a variety of shales of different mineralogical texture and composition. Batch reactor experiments revealed that the dissolution of both pyrite and carbonate minerals occurred rapidly, releasing metal contaminants and generating porosity. Oxidation of pyrite and aqueous Fe drove precipitation of Fe(III)-(oxy)hydroxides that attenuated the release of these contaminants via co-precipitation and/or adsorption. The precipitation of these (oxy)hydroxides appeared to limit the extent of pyrite reaction. Enhanced removal of metals and contaminants in reactors with higher fluid pH was inferred to reflect increased Fe-(oxy)hydroxide precipitation associated with more rapid aqueous Fe(II) oxidation. The precipitation of both Al- and Fe-bearing phases revealed the potential for the occlusion of pores and fracture apertures, whereas the selective dissolution of calcite generated porosity. These pore-scale alterations of shale texture and the cycling of contaminants indicate that chemical interactions between shales and hydraulic fracturing fluids may exert an important control on the efficiency of hydraulic fracturing operations and the quality of water recovered at the surface.
Hierarchical Exploratory Factor Analyses of the Woodcock-Johnson IV Full Test Battery: Implications for CHC Application in School Psychology.

The Woodcock-Johnson (fourth edition; WJ IV; Schrank, McGrew, & Mather, 2014a) was recently redeveloped and retains its linkage to Cattell-Horn-Carroll theory (CHC). Independent reviews (e.g., Canivez, 2017) and investigations (Dombrowski, McGill, & Canivez, 2017) of the structure of the WJ IV full test battery and WJ IV Cognitive have suggested the need for additional factor analytic exploration. Accordingly, the present study used principal axis factoring (PAF) followed by the Schmid and Leiman (SL; Schmid & Leiman, 1957) procedure with the 2 school-aged correlation matrices from the normative sample to determine the degree to which the WJ IV total battery structure could be replicated. Although 7 factors emerged across the 9 to 19 age range, the pattern of subtests loadings did not fully cohere with the structure presented in the Technical Manual, most notably for the academic fluency subtests. Also, the Fluid Reasoning (Gf) and Quantitative Reasoning (Gq) subtests coalesced to form a combined factor rather than 2 separate factors and the Long Term Retrieval (Gltr) subtests aligned with a variety of different factors. The results of this study indicated that the general intelligence factor variance far exceeded the variance attributed to the lower-order CHC factors. The combination of subtest migration and nominal total/common variance of the CHC lower-order factors suggests caution when interpreting the myriad CHC-related indices when making high stakes decisions. Implications for clinical practice are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record
Thin Film Nucleation, Growth, and Microstructural Evolution: An Atomic Scale View

Publisher Summary Atomic scale understanding of microstructural evolution, necessary for the controlled manipulation of the properties of thin film systems, is increasing rapidly. The increasingly stringent requirements of sophisticated thin film applications, processing technologies, and devices provide a strong impetus for obtaining ever better control over the dynamics of processes which govern the nanoscale chemistry and structure of as-deposited layers. The primary deposition variables determining nucleation and growth kinetics, microstructural evolution, and, hence, the physical properties of films are: the film material, the flux and kinetic energy of species incident at the growing surface, the growth temperature, the flux of contaminants, and the substrate material, surface cleanliness, crystallinity, and orientation. This chapter deals with nucleation and the early stages of film growth. Thermodynamic and kinetic models are developed and compared with experimental results. Three-dimensional (3D), two-dimensional (2D), and Stranski–Krastanow (S-K) ‘quantum dot’ growth modes are discussed. Microstructure development is reviewed, beginning with elemental films and their classification by structure zone diagrams, and then moving to multicomponent and multiphase film growth. The chapter ends with a discussion of the role of low-energy ion irradiation for manipulating the dynamics of structural (and physical property) development including defect formation/annihilation, surface roughening/smoothening mechanisms, the evolution of preferred orientation, and synthesis of self-organized 3D nanostructures with unique properties.
Storm surge fragility assessment of above ground storage tanks

Abstract This study proposes a dual layer metamodel based approach to develop parameterized fragility functions for above ground storage tanks (ASTs) subjected to hurricane induced storm surge. ASTs are extensively used in petrochemical facilities for storing large volumes of hazardous substances. Failure of ASTs due to storm surge may lead to spills that can cause severe environmental damage and considerable economic loss. A significant number of ASTs are located in coastal areas which are susceptible to hurricanes, such as in the Houston Ship Channel, Texas. However, tank design guidelines are deficient in addressing prevention of surge related failures. Although their vulnerability has been exposed during past hurricanes, the literature lacks studies on performance analysis of ASTs during storm surge events. In this light, a method is presented to derive fragility functions for the most important failure modes of ASTs – flotation and buckling – in addition to the system fragility, considered as series system of failure modes. For this purpose, a novel dual layer metamodel based approach is proposed where a limited number of simulations are used to train the first binary classifier, which predicts failure of tanks, upon which the second metamodel is trained; the final metamodel is used to derive parameterized fragility functions. This approach significantly reduces the number of limit state evaluations, which may require costly finite element simulations, and enables accurate fragility assessment to capture the nonlinear behavior of tanks under surge loading, while also considering the correlation between failure modes during system fragility modeling. Results indicated that the fragility estimates of a typical tank obtained with the dual layer metamodel compare well with those derived by high fidelity methods such as Monte Carlo Simulations. In order to demonstrate the application of the parameterized fragility functions to study the effect of variation in design and construction parameters, fragilities of four case study tanks are evaluated. The results highlight the effect of parameter variation on the fragilities and offer insights into the influence of alternative design impacts on tank vulnerability. For example, anchoring tanks significantly reduces the probability of flotation; however, anchoring leads to buckling dominated failures.
Design and implementation of a student-taught course on research in regenerative medicine.

In the Undergraduate School of Engineering and Applied Sciences (SEAS) at the University of Virginia (UVa), there are few opportunities for undergraduate students to teach, let alone develop, an in...
Environmentally Induced Cancer: A Model for Estimating Excess Cancer Risks Based on a Two-Stage Model of Carcinogenesis

When chemicals that are known carcinogens are released to the environment, persons subsequently exposed experience excess risks of cancer. In this paper, an estimation model is presented that generates estimates such as excess cancer risks for each year after onset of exposure using a lifetable approach. This model was developed from the MoolgavkarKnudson two-stage model for human carcinogenesis. Lifetime exposure duration is not assumed. Using this model, estimates are generated for a hypothetical carcinogen under two assumptions: the carcinogen increases the cell mutation rate, and the carcinogen promotes cell growth.
Conflict Resolution for the Helping Professions: Negotiation, Mediation, Advocacy, Facilitation, and Restorative Justice. 3rd ed.

Conflict resolution, in general, and mediation, in particular, are natural practice areas for social workers and other helping professionals. During the 1980s and 1990s, when the use of mediation w...
Vitamin D and Fracture Healing: An Ongoing Puzzle

BACKGROUND: Fractures and their repair mechanisms have been topics subject to various forms of investigation for several decades. In both instances, preventing and treating bone fractures and a possible role for vitamin D in both these processes has received increasing attention in the recent literature with no definitive consensus. QUESTIONS: Whether vitamin D is of potential relevance in preventing future fractures, and especially in the impacting the healing process of current fractures. METHODS: Building on prior work, the present narrative review specifically examines the related literature housed in key data bases over the last five years and others that have prevailed over the past 30 years. RESULTS: Despite a large period of time, very few studies covering the present topic can be considered to answer the review questions effectively, and among those that prevail, no conclusive evidence regarding the routine use of vitamin D as a supplement in cases with bone fractures and their prevention has emerged. CONCLUSION: More research regarding a role for vitamin D in bone fracture healing and prevention is warranted.
On the robust hardness of Gröbner basis computation

Abstract The computation of Grobner bases is an established hard problem. By contrast with many other problems, however, there has been little investigation of whether this hardness is robust. In this paper, we frame and present results on the problem of approximate computation of Grobner bases. We show that it is NP-hard to construct a Grobner basis of the ideal generated by a set of polynomials, even when the algorithm is allowed to discard a 1 − ϵ fraction of the generators, and likewise when the algorithm is allowed to discard variables (and the generators containing them). Our results show that computation of Grobner bases is robustly hard even for simple polynomial systems (e.g. maximum degree 2, with at most 3 variables per generator). We conclude by greatly strengthening results for the Strong c-Partial Grobner problem posed by De Loera et al. [10] . Our proofs also establish interesting connections between the robust hardness of Grobner bases and that of SAT variants and graph-coloring.
Adrenal Angiosarcoma: A Diagnostic Dilemma.

Primary angiosarcoma of the adrenal gland is both a rare and aggressive malignancy. Differentiating it from more common adrenal masses such as adrenal adenomas, adrenal cortical carcinomas, and metastatic carcinomas is one of several diagnostic challenges. Immunohistochemical analysis is imperative to arrive at the correct diagnosis. Treatment typically involves surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy, but prognosis remains poor.
Federal Executive Clemency in the Administration of George W. Bush (2001-2009): A Pardon Power Report

This paper will provide a statistical examination and final overview of the pardon power as exercised by George W. Bush. In addition to aggregate data on applications (new and pending), pardons, commutations, and denials, original data is presented on individual applicants including: individual offenses, years (length of time) between offenses and clemency, seasonal clemency, geographic distribution of recipients and presence or absence of legal representation. The Bush administration is then placed in the context of history and, where appropriate, more recent administrations. Finally, some attention is given to clemency-related issues which are likely to loom large in the administration of Barack Obama and future presidents.
Adding oseltamivir to usual primary care reduced recovery time in influenza-like illness.

Source Citation Butler CC, van der Velden AW, Bongard E, et al. Oseltamivir plus usual care versus usual care for influenza-like illness in primary care: an open-label, pragmatic, randomised contro...
Evaluating angioarchitectural characteristics of glial and metastatic brain tumors with conventional magnetic resonance imaging

Abstract Primary and metastatic brain tumors can overlap in traditional imaging features detected on preoperative conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The research objective was to determine whether morphological vascular characteristics present in routine preoperative imaging using traditional MRI sequences are predictive of primary versus metastatic brain tumors; secondarily to determine association of conventional and vascular-related imaging parameters with intraoperative blood loss, pathological invasion, and World Health Organization (WHO) tumor grade. A retrospective review analyzed 100 consecutive intracranial tumor surgeries, 50 WHO grade II-IV gliomas and 50 intracranial metastases. Two blinded expert readers independently evaluated preoperative MRIs, obtained via standard morphological imaging sequences, for adjacent or intra-tumoral arterial aneurysm, peritumoral venous ectasia, prominence, or engorgement (“aberrant peritumoral vessels”), and prominent intra-tumoral flow voids. Multivariate analysis was performed to develop models predictive of glioma and glioblastoma (GBM). Aberrant peritumoral vessels and prominent intra-tumoral flow voids were statistically significant predictors of glioma in univariate analyses (p = 0.048, p = 0.001, respectively) and when combined in multivariate analysis (OR = 5.23, p = 0.001), particularly for GBM (OR = 9.08, p
Passive, open access data measures movement and predicts COVID-19 cases

Background. In the months following the global spread of SARS-CoV-2, the lack of effective pharmaceutical interventions led to widespread implementation of behavioral interventions aimed at reducing contacts and transmission. In the US, state and local governments introduced and enforced the bulk of interventions, including university closures. As universities closed, student departures decreased the total population size of college towns while state-level interventions decreased contacts among remaining residents. Though the pandemic continues without pharmaceutical interventions, businesses have begun to reopen, and many universities have resumed operations. These actions have increased contacts and population sizes in college towns. Monitoring movement to implement adaptive policies will be critical for outbreak management. Methods. We use publicly available remotely-sensed nighttime lights and traffic cameras to measure the impact of restriction policies on movement and activities in the university town of State College, and the surrounding areas of Centre County, Pennsylvania, USA. Results. At the county level, nighttime radiance did not differ significantly across restriction phases and largely reflected seasonal fluctuations seen in previous years. Throughout the county, traffic volumes were lowest during the most severe period of restrictions (9Red phase9 in Pennsylvania). As restrictions eased, traffic volumes grew, indicating increased movement within and between population centers. We show that real-time, publicly available traffic data captured behavioral responses and compliance to different restrictions phases. We also demonstrate that these increases in activity levels precede increases in reported COVID-19 cases. Conclusion. Passively collected data can measure population-level movement in response to restrictions and changes in these measured movements are reflected in observed SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Measuring these changes in movements and contacts in near real time can inform local adaptive interventions to curtail outbreaks.
Development of a Prediction Model for Trauma Registry Chart Abstraction Time.

Introduction A Level I trauma center routinely faced challenges with meeting data submission deadlines and frequently struggled with a backlog of cases that limited opportunities for concurrent performance improvement. To provide a validated algorithm through which registry workload could be evaluated, the study institution designed a scientific model that predicted the amount of time required for chart abstraction on a patient-by-patient basis. Methods As part of this quality improvement endeavor, registrars documented the amount of time required to complete each chart. A total of 600 patients' data were included by randomly selecting 150 patients from each of the 4 trauma registrars. Given that no previous study has examined the association of patient-related factors with chart abstraction time, study variables utilized to construct this predictive model were determined by the trauma program manager and the lead trauma registrar. Results Multiple linear regression demonstrated that inhospital mortality; transfer from a referring facility; hospital stay; ventilator days; and number of complications, specialty consults, injuries, blood products, and procedures were significant predictors of chart abstraction time. The equation for the regression line for the multivariate regression was as follows: Y = 38.95 + 31.28 × mortality + 15.33 × referring facility + 4.68 × complications+3.55 × hospital stay + 3.33 × consults + 2.83 × diagnoses + 2.00 × ventilator days + 1.78 × blood products + 1.09 × procedures. Conclusions The merit of this prediction model is that it is based on patient-related variables and predicts time on a patient-by-patient basis. This innovative tool can be utilized by other trauma centers to evaluate registry productivity and identify opportunities for improvement retrospectively.
Effects of Classroom-Based Training in Teacher-Led Trial-Based Functional Analysis

Although functional analysis (FA) is often recommended as a behavioral assessment tool, researchers have identified barriers limiting its use in schools. Trial-based FA (TBFA) was designed to address some of those limitations. However, few studies have examined classroom-based training methods for teachers to implement TBFA, and none have assessed teachers as independent intervention agents. This study addresses these gaps by using an enhanced behavioral skills training package incorporating video self-modeling and performance feedback to train teachers in TBFA with students in the classroom. Following training, all three teachers independently embedded FA trials with fidelity during natural routines.
Letter to the Editor: Intravital Dynamic and Correlative Imaging Reveals Diffusion-Dominated Canalicular and Flow-Augmented Ductular Bile Flux

The report by Vartak et al uses a new technique for evaluating hepatic bile formation. They conclude that canalicular water flow does not occur, thus challenging the Sperber hypothesis. The validity of their technique for studying canalicular water flow awaits confirmation in other laboratories. Also, the investigators need to address the many reported studies that support the Sperber hypothesis.
Sink Strength Maintenance Underlies Drought Tolerance in Common Bean.

Drought is a major limiter of yield in common bean, decreasing food security for those who rely on it as an important source of protein. While drought can have large impacts on yield by reducing photosynthesis and therefore resources availability, source strength is not a reliable indicator of yield. One reason resource availability does not always translate to yield in common bean is because of a trait inherited from wild ancestors. Wild common bean halts growth and seed filling under drought and awaits better conditions to resume its developmental program. This trait has been carried into domesticated lines, where it can result in strong losses of yield in plants already producing pods and seeds, especially since many domesticated lines were bred to have a determinate growth habit. This limits the plants ability to produce another flush of flowers, even if the first set is aborted. However, some bred lines are able to maintain higher yields under drought through maintaining growth and seed filling rates even under water limitations, unlike their wild predecessors. We believe that maintenance of sink strength underlies this ability, since plants which fill seeds under drought maintain growth of sinks generally, and growth of sinks correlates strongly with yield. Sink strength is determined by a tissue’s ability to acquire resources, which in turn relies on resource uptake and metabolism in that tissue. Lines which achieve higher yields maintain higher resource uptake rates into seeds and overall higher partitioning efficiencies of total biomass to yield. Drought limits metabolism and resource uptake through the signaling molecule abscisic acid (ABA) and its downstream affects. Perhaps lines which maintain higher sink strength and therefore higher yields do so through decreased sensitivity to or production of ABA.
NK Cells and PMN-MDSCs in the Graft From G-CSF Mobilized Haploidentical Donors Display Distinct Gene Expression Profiles From Those of the Non-Mobilized Counterpart

A recent approach of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation from haploidentical donors "mobilized" with G-CSF is based on the selective depletion of αβ T and B lymphocytes from the graft. Through this approach, the patient receives both HSC and mature donor-derived effector cells (including NK cells), which exert both anti-leukemia activity and protection against infections. We previously showed that donor HSC mobilization with G-CSF results in accumulation in the graft of polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells (PMN-MDSCs), capable of inhibiting in vitro the anti-leukemia activity of allogeneic NK cells. Here, we performed a detailed gene expression analysis on NK cells and PMN-MDSCs both derived from mobilized graft. Cytotoxicity assays and real time PCR arrays were performed in NK cells. Microarray technology followed by bioinformatics analysis was used for gene expression profiling in PMN-MDSCs. Results indicate that NK cells from the graft have a lower cytolytic activity as compared to those from non-mobilized samples. Further, mobilized PMN-MDSCs displayed a peculiar transcriptional profile distinguishing them from non-mobilized ones. Differential expression of pro-proliferative and immune-modulatory genes was detected in mobilized PMN-MDSCs. These data strengthen the concept that G-CSF-mobilized PMN-MDSCs present in the graft display unique molecular characteristics, in line with the strong inhibitory effect on donor NK cells.