cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Comparison of hydrophobic and amphiphilic fractions of dissolved organic matter from a water reservoir by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) composition is influenced by and modulates biogeochemical processes, yet DOM characterization techniques are challenged by its heterogeneous properties and structures. In this paper, ultrahigh electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (ESI-FTICR) mass spectrometry is used to characterize previously isolated and well-characterized four DOM fractions from a water reservoir in the southwestern part of the USA. About 50–60 L water samples were collected from Lake Pleasant (a water reservoir of Colorado River) and isolated and fractionated using a sequential isolation and fractionation procedure. DOM was firstly fractionated to the colloids and soluble permeate, then hydrophobic acids (HPO-A) and neutrals (HPO-N) plus amphiphilic acids (AMP-A) and neutrals (AMP-N) were fractionated using the resin-in-tandem procedure. Approximately 0.7 mg sample was dissolved in 250 μL methanol/water mixture (1:1, v/v) and diluted twice with 0.1 % (by volume) NH4OH (in 1:1 methanol/water, v/v) and measured by ESI-FTICR in negative ion mode. In the m/z range of <700, among the sum of 4107 peaks, HPO-N contained the most assigned 1763 molecules and HPO-A, AMP-N, and AMP-A contained 971, 990, and 293, respectively. Acid fractions were relatively more oxygenated than the corresponding neutrals. Except for the major assigned CHO molecules, a high portion of heteroatom-containing molecules were assigned in the neutral fractions. Van Krevelen and Venn diagrams analyses showed significant molecular differentiation among the fractions. Among the assigned formulas, the Venn diagram indicated only a small portion (<4 %) of distinct formulas overlapped. S-containing molecules were efficiently ionized and identified in the neutrals. Some of the S1-containing compounds with high signal magnitudes are tentatively assigned to alkylbenzene sulfonates and their biodegradation and biotransformation derivatives indicating anthropogenic input on site. By using the XAD resin-in-tandem approach and FTICR-MS, numbers of DOM molecules in fractions were distinctly separated, accordingly the complexity of DOM was reduced. Furthermore, to a great extent, the compositions and structures of each fraction in the molecular level are remarkably different as evidenced by only small portion of molecules overlapping.
Visual Exploration of Unstructured Regulatory Documents

Governmental authorities publish rules and directives that govern the operations of an industry. These documents, called regulations, are meant to safeguard the interests of consumers. With increasing number, size and complexity of such documents, companies face an uphill task to comply with them. We present a cognitive system, called Cogpliance, for exploring and understanding regulatory documents with the goal of assisting compliance officers in attaining regulatory compliance. Cogpliance automatically reads natural language regulatory documents, extracts key concepts and presents an interactive information exploration user interface for answering compliance officers queries.
Identification of the Smooth Pursuit Eye Movement System

Abstract The purposes of this paper are to estimate the parameters of the human pursuit eye movement system and to describe the identification scheme used. The eye movement system is sufficiently nonlinear that we must necessarily employ a special identification approach which takes account of nonlinearities. The system’s coefficients are estimated using the model reference concept and the gradient method. The identified process parameters are calculated as a solution of nonlinear differential equations.
What Perspectives on Community-Based Learning Can Teach Us About Organizational Support of Research and Policy Work in Equity and Diversity

In this chapter, I draw from three areas of research—learning communities and leadership, professional identity, and script/counterscript and third spaces—to argue that those same factors that facilitate or inhibit professional growth within learning communities also are at work in organizations such as NARST. Factors that make possible the growth and empowerment of teachers of science also can make it possible for members of the NARST community—both new and established researchers—to feel individually and collectively supported in their pursuit of work in areas of equity and diversity. They also make it possible for NARST to become a place where equity and diversity are hallmarks of our structure, the scholarly work we value, and the ways we use this work and these values in shaping our interactions with other professional organizations and in influencing policy decisions on the broader educational and political stages.
A Scoping Review of Health Disparities in Autism Spectrum Disorder

Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) experience increased morbidity and decreased life expectancy compared to the general population, and these disparities are likely exacerbated for those individuals who are otherwise disadvantaged. We conducted a review to ascertain what is known about health and health system quality (e.g., high quality care delivery, adequate care access) disparities in ASD. Nine studies met final inclusion criteria. Seven studies identified racial disparities in access to general medical services for children with ASD. No studies examined disparities in health outcomes or included older adults. We present a model of health disparities (Fundamental Causes Model) that guides future research. Additional work should examine health disparities, and their causal pathways, in ASD, particularly for older adults.
Fitting into the Big Picture: Meaning-Making Language

This chapter explores the meaning-making dimension of motivating language. We define workplace meaning and discuss why it is vital to employee motivation, performance, and well-being. We also link meaning-making language to key related theories, such as the job characteristics model, sense making, interpersonal sense making, the theory of purposeful work, logotherapy, job Calling, and respectful inquiry. This chapter portrays the breadth of meaning-making language as captured by various categories: cultural storytelling, links between personal and work values, organizational/cultural changes, behavioral guidance, cultural values and mental models, collective/higher purpose, task significance/individual contribution, and innovation.
Eicosanoid Expression of Vascular Sexual Dimorphism

Sexual dimorphism is prominent in cardiovascular disease. Morbidity is generally greater in women but mortality is higher in men. Thus, death rates from coronary atherosclerotic disease are two- to fivefold higher in men than in women particularly in the premenopausal age groups [10]. Genetic, environmental, and social factors may all contribute to gender differences in mortality [22,16]. Puberty and the secretion of gonadal hormones are thought to be important but still unresolved factors. Androgen secretion, for example, as distinct from genetic maleness, was suggested as a risk factor 30 years ago [13] and there is more recent clinical support for this concept [15]. Lately estrogen has been implicated as a male risk factor in myocardial infarction but it is now difficult to continue to sustain this proposition [12]. A stronger hypothesis is that estrogen is a protective factor in women with respect to atherosclerosis [17].
Qualitative insights into buyer–supplier relationship attributes in the U.S. biofuels industry

Abstract The United States biofuels industry has experienced significant growth since its inception in the early 1990s due to concerns regarding climate change, energy security, and oil price volatility. Corn (maize) ethanol has served as an alternative to petroleum-based gasoline over the past few decades and currently accounts for nearly 90% of total U.S. renewable biofuels. In recent years, research interests have transitioned to biofuels recovered from lignocellulosic biomass due, in part, to the food-fuel controversy and the “ethanol blend” wall issue. However, the sustainable development of the U.S. lignocellulosic biofuels industry faces a variety of challenges, including feedstock costs and availability, high production and capital costs, and policy and market fluctuations. Literature suggests that buyer–supplier relationship management has the potential to solidify the supply chain and bring stability to commercialization plans. This study conducted semi-structured interviews with three lignocellulosic biofuel producers to explore relationships with their ethanol biofuel customers. Results show that refiners and blenders of gasoline were the primary customers of corn ethanol with fuel marketing companies as secondary intermediaries. Meanwhile, communication, trust, commitment, and power between participating parties were identified as important relationship attributes. To strengthen biofuel buyer–supplier relationships, this study identified manufacturing of consistent and regulated products and communication regarding logistics and environmental benefits of biofuels as key relationship management activities. This research provides business-to-business marketers of biofuels with a better understanding of relationship management and offers insights into the biofuel refinery-to-market value stream for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers.
The effect of change in US quality on the blocking effect.

If one CS is paired with a US and then that CS together with a “redundant” stimulus is paired with the US, conditioning of that “redundant” stimulus is attenuated or blocked. The present experiment explores the effect upon this blocking of changing the quality of the US coincident with the introduction of the redundant stimulus. Changing US quality disrupted blocking only when the US potency was also increased. Quality changes in which the redundant stimulus was correlated with a lower potency US only increased blocking. These results are taken as supporting the conditioning model of Rescorla and Wagner but inconsistent with a casual informational model of conditioning.
Cross-cultural variation in the development of folk ecological reasoning

Abstract Two studies examined children's reasoning about biological kinds in populations that vary in formal education and direct experience with the natural world, a Western (urban U.S.) and a Non-Western population (Tanna, Vanuatu). Study 1 examined children's concepts of ecological relatedness between species (N = 97, 5–13-year-olds). U.S. children provided more taxonomic explanations than Ni-Vanuatu children, who provided more ecological, physiological, and utility explanations than U.S. children. Ecological explanations were most common overall and more common among older than younger children across cultures. In Study 2, children (N = 106, 6–11-year-olds) sorted pictures of natural kinds into groups. U.S. children were more likely than Ni-Vanuatu children to categorize a human as an animal and the tendency to group a human with other animals increased with age in the U.S. Despite substantial differences in cultural, educational, and ecological input, children in both populations privileged ecological reasoning. In contrast, taxonomic reasoning was more variable between populations, which may reflect differences in experience with formal education.
The Role of Executive Functioning and Technological Anxiety (FOMO) in College Course Performance as Mediated by Technology Usage and Multitasking Habits.

This study investigated how technology use impacts academic performance. A proposed model postulated that academic performance could be predicted by a cognitive independent variable—executive functioning problems—and an affective independent variable—technological anxiety or FOMO (fear of missing out)—mediated by how students choose to use technology. An unobtrusive smartphone application called “Instant Quantified Self” monitored daily smartphone s and daily minutes of use. Other mediators d self-reported smartphone use, self-observed studying attention, self-reported multitasking preference, and a classroom digital metacognition tool that assessed the student’s ability to understand the ramifications of technology use in the classroom that is not relevant to the learning process. Two hundred sixteen participants collected an average of 56 days of “Instant” application data, demonstrating that their smartphone was ed more than 60 times a day for three to four minutes each time for a total of 220 daily minutes of use. Results indicated that executive functioning problems predicted academic course performance mediated by studying attention and a single classroom digital metacognition subscale concerning availability of strategies of when to use mobile phones during lectures. FOMO predicted performance directly as well as mediated by a second classroom digital metacognition concerning attitudes toward mobile phone use during lectures. Implications for college students and professors increasing metacognition about technology use in the classroom and taking “tech breaks” to reduce technology anxiety.
Female Intercession and the Shaping of Male Heroism in the Roman d’Enéas and Le chevalier au lion

or some time now, feminist literary scholarship has demonstrated how the leading female figures of medieval French romance are often constructed to emphasize the heroism of the male protagonist. 1 While romance challenges the model of male homosociality of the chanson de geste by expanding the discourses of heterosexual desire and by recognizing female desire, in particular, women gain prominence in this narrative form because femininity becomes the “metaphor” which male authors newly use to develop male subjectivity. 2 As Simon Gaunt writes, “romance does not ‘discover’ women, or femininity, or the individual, it constructs models of them.” 3
Progressive Loss of Sensitivity to Growth Control by Retinoic Acid and Transforming Growth Factor-Beta at Late Stages of Human Papillomavirus Type 16-Initiated Transformation of Human Keratinocytes

Human papillomavirus (HPV), especially HPV types 16, 18, and 33, play an important role in the development of cervical cancer.1–3 We,4,5 as well as others,6–9 have shown that DNA from these HPV types immortalize cultured human foreskin keratinocytes (HKc) and human cervical cells. HPV 16-immortalized HKc (HKc/HPV16) represent an attractive in vitro model system to study the process of multistep carcinogenesis in human cells, and for identifying agents that can modify or prevent HPV-induced transformation, since they undergo malignant conversion through four phenotypically defined “steps” or stages. Although immortal, HKc/HPV 16 are not tumorigenic and retain many features characteristic of normal HKc, including a requirement for epidermal growth factor (EGF) and bovine pituitary extract (BPE) for proliferation.4,5 In the next step of this progression model, growth factor independent sublines, HKc/GFI, that no longer require EGF and BPE for proliferation, are selected from HKc/HPV16.5,10 Next, sublines that no longer respond to calcium and serum-induced differentiation, HKc/DR, are selected from HKc/GFI.5 In the final step, malignant conversion of HKc/DR is achieved by transfection with viral Harvey ras (v-Ha-ras) or herpes simplex virus type 2 DNA.11,12 The steps from immortalized HKc/HPV16 to malignant conversion are highly reproducible and at each step the cells progressively acquire phenotypic and biochemical characteristics similar to those found in cell lines established from human tumors.10
Relation of Trace Metals to Human Health Effects

For the past 150 years, civilized man has been exposed more and more widely to metallic contaminants in his environment, resulting from the products of industry. Canning of foods, for example, was introduced in the Napoleonic Wars, but did not become wide-spread until the Civil War. Smelting of ores and refining of metals has been going on a long time, introducing metals into air and water, but human exposures were usually local; during the past 50 years they have become fairly general. Exposures to lead have occurred in circumscribed areas of the world for 3000 years or more, and were high among the Roman upper classes; the use of lead pipes in soft water areas has lead to sporadic episodes of lead poisoning in persons drinking these waters, but not until 1924, when alkyl lead was put into gasoline as an anti-knock agent were whole civilized populations exposed to lead at an annually increasing rate. Cadmium was an industrial curiosity in 1900, but today its use is sharply increasing in an exponential curve, with resultant contamination of air, water and food.
Creating comprehensive leadership pipelines: Applying the real options approach to organizational leadership development

Abstract Typically, firms consider leadership development (i.e., training focused on skills required for success in leadership roles) and succession planning (i.e., the creation and implementation of long-term plans that address changes in top leadership roles) as two distinct organizational initiatives. In recent years, however, scholars and practitioners have called for a new, more comprehensive approach that considers the organization as a system. Rather than considering succession planning and leadership development as distinctly different initiatives, organizations should work to create internal leadership pipelines that span entry-level employees to executives. To leverage potential advantages associated with instituting comprehensive leadership pipelines and to address practical concerns associated with risk and talent management, we propose the introduction of incremental investment in organization-wide leadership development programs via distinct, evaluative stages – a real options reasoning (ROR) approach to leadership. We argue that blending ROR with skills-based leadership models diversifies risk associated with investments in talent management and increases the ability for targeted, purposeful investment in potential organizational leaders.
Electronic cigarette explosion and burn injuries, US Emergency Departments 2015–2017

Background Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) battery failure can result in explosions and burn injuries. Previous attempts to quantify these events has been limited to compilations of case studies, federal agency reports and media reports. Although e-cigarette explosions and burn injuries are thought to be rare, current surveillance methods likely underestimate actual occurrences. Methods Analyses were conducted on cross-sectional data from the US Consumer Product Safety Commission’s (CPSC) National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS). A keyword search of case narrative text was used to identify e-cigarette-related explosion and burn injuries presenting to US emergency departments from 2015 to 2017. Sampling weights were applied to make conservative national incidence estimates. Results From 2015 to 2017, there were an estimated 2035 e-cigarette explosion and burn injuries presenting to US hospital emergency departments (95% CI 1107 to 2964). Conclusions There are more e-cigarette explosion and burn injuries in the USA than estimated in the past reports. Improved surveillance of e-cigarette injuries and regulation of e-cigarette devices is urgently needed. NEISS could be a valuable resource for e-cigarette injury surveillance.
Raising Funds on Performance: Are Private Equity Returns Too Good to Be True?

Recent studies on agency problems in private equity have fueled the suspicion that general partners (GPs) strategically manipulate performance estimates around fundraising times. While these studies rely on aggregated portfolio data, this paper offers the first empirical analysis of "window dressing" in private equity based on quarterly reported deal-level performance. Using information on buyout funds, I do not find any red flags of inflated performance on the deal-level. Observed interim peaks in valuation on the fund level result from timing of fundraising decisions to true estimates of high current asset values, while GPs cannot systematically repeat good outcomes.
Results of W/ V band propagation studies in Albuquerque, NM, over two years

71-76 GHz and 81–86 GHz are two regions in the electromagnetic spectrum of great interest because are allocated for communication generally and are currently sparsely used. These allocations are attractive to system designers because of the available bandwidth for future applications. The W/V-band Terrestrial Link Experiment (WTLE) was first established in Albuquerque, NM, in 2015 to investigate atmospheric propagation in this band. Two years of data collection now enables the comparison of W/ V band propagation across with yearly variation in seasons. This paper presents a statistical analysis of the WTLE measurements during this time.
There is a high return to sport rate but with reduced career lengths after Achilles tendon repair in Major League Soccer players

Objectives To determine (1) return to sport (RTS) rate in Major League Soccer (MLS) players following Achilles tendon repair, (2) postoperative career length and games per season, (3) preoperative and postoperative performance, and (4) postoperative performance compared with control players matched by position, age, body mass index, sex, years of experience and performance. Methods Publicly available records were used to identify MLS players who underwent Achilles tendon repair with a minimum of 1 year follow-up. Demographic and performance data were collected for each player. Matched controls were identified. RTS was defined as playing in one or more MLS games after surgery. Comparisons between case and control groups and preoperative and postoperative time points were made using paired sample Student's t-tests. Results Twenty-two players (mean age 28.4±4.0 years; mean 3.0±2.2 years follow-up) and 23 Achilles tendon repairs (one bilateral repair) were analysed. Seventeen players (18 Achilles tendon repairs; 77.3%) were able to RTS in the MLS at mean 306.6±199.2 days. Players who RTS after repair had shorter careers than matched controls (2.5±2.2 vs 4.5±3.0 seasons, respectively; p=0.021). Additionally, players who RTS after repair played in fewer games per season than matched controls (13.4±8.4 vs 23.2±6.5, respectively; p Conclusion There is a 77.3% RTS rate in the MLS following Achilles tendon repair. Following repair, players had shorter careers and played fewer games per season than matched controls. There was no significant decrease in performance postsurgery compared with presurgery nor in postsurgery compared with postindex. A significantly greater number of Achilles tendon tears occurred in the left versus the right lower extremity. Level of evidence Level III.
A Global Gridded Dataset of the Characteristics of the Rainy And Dry Seasons

AbstractThe Rainy and Dry Seasons (RADS) dataset, a new compilation of precipitation statistics available to the public, is described. The dataset contains the dates of onset and demise of the rain...
Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Glycosaminoglycan Oligosaccharide Using Newer Force Fields

Abstract Heparin/heparan sulfate (H/HS) are ubiquitous biopolymers that interact with many proteins to induce myriad biological functions. It is critical to understand conformational properties of H/HS in solution so as to identify their preferred protein targets. Unfortunately, the massive heterogeneity of H/HS precludes the use of solution-based experimental techniques for the thousands of sequences that occur in nature. Computational simulations offer an attractive alternative and several all-atom force fields have been developed to understand their conformational properties. Recently, CHARMM36 carrying parameters for N-sulfamate was developed. This work compares molecular dynamics simulations of a hexasaccharide (HS06) using two all-atom force fields – CHARMM36 and GLYCAM06. We also introduce two new straightforward parameters, including end-to-end distance and minimum volume enclosing ellipsoid, to understand the conformational behavior of HS06. In addition, we analyzed inter- and intra-molecular hydrogen bonds and intermediate water bridges formed for HS06 using both force fields. Overall, CHARMM36 and GLYCAM06 gave comparable results, despite few, small differences. The MD simulations show that HS06 samples a range of conformations in solution with more than one nearly equivalent global minima, which contrasts with the assumed single conformation conclusion derived on the basis of 1HPN structure. A key reason for the stability of multiple low energy conformations was the contribution of intermediate water bridges, which is usually not evaluated in most MD studies of H/HS.
The Impact of Changes in Medicaid Provider Fees on Provider Participation and Enrollees’ Care: a Systematic Literature Review

Changing Medicaid fees is a common approach for states to address budget fluctuations, and many currently set Medicaid physician fees at levels lower than Medicare and private insurers. The Affordable Care Act included a temporary Medicaid fee bump for primary care providers (PCPs) in 2013–2014 that recently led to both an increase and then subsequent decrease in PCP fees in many states. To conduct a systematic literature review on the effects of changing Medicaid fees on provider participation and enrollees’ access to care and service use. We searched PubMed/Medline and JSTOR and identified 18 studies that assessed the longitudinal impact of provider fee changes in Medicaid on the outcomes of interest. We summarized information on study design, methods, and findings. Seven studies examined the impact of fee changes on provider participation in Medicaid. Of these, three studies found that fee increases were associated with positive effects on providers’ likelihood of accepting Medicaid patients or on their Medicaid caseloads. Five studies that examined the impact of fee changes on Medicaid enrollees’ access to care found a positive association with one or more access measure, such as having a usual source of care or appointment availability. Lastly, eight of 14 studies that examined service use found positive associations between fee changes and at least one measure of use, such as changes in the probability of enrollees having any visit, the number of visits, and shifts in the site of care toward office-based care; others largely did not find significant associations. There is mixed evidence on the impact of changing Medicaid fees on provider participation and enrollees’ service use; however, increasing fees appears to have more consistent positive effects on access to care. Whether these improvements in access translate into better health outcomes or downstream cost savings are critical questions.
Plasmonics-enhanced photoconductive terahertz detector pumped by Ytterbium-doped fiber laser

We present a photoconductive terahertz detector operating at the 1 µm wavelength range at which high-power and compact Ytterbium-doped femtosecond fiber lasers are available. The detector utilizes an array of plasmonic nanoantennas to provide sub-picosecond transit time for the majority of photo-generated carriers to enable high-sensitivity terahertz detection without using a short-carrier-lifetime substrate. By using a high-mobility semiconductor substrate and preventing photocarrier recombination, the presented detector offers significantly higher sensitivity levels compared with previously demonstrated broadband photoconductive terahertz detectors operating at the 1 µm wavelength range. We demonstrate pulsed terahertz detection over a 4 THz bandwidth with a record-high signal-to-noise ratio of 95 dB at an average terahertz radiation power of 6.8 µW, when using an optical pump power of 30 mW.
Electromagnetic scattering from dielectric surfaces at millimeter wave and terahertz frequencies

With the demand for larger bandwidths and faster data speeds, wireless communication systems are expanding into the millimeter wave and terahertz region of the electromagnetic spectrum. Successful transition to higher frequencies, particularly for systems located in urban or indoor environments, will require a thorough understanding of the reflection, transmission, absorption, and scattering of a wide variety of materials. For this study, the co-polarization and crosspolarization backscattering coefficients of several dielectrics were measured in compact radar ranges operating from 160 GHz to 1.55 THz. These structures consisted of dielectric disks with various rough surfaces. The backscattering measurements of these disks were compared as a function of polarization, incident angle, roughness, and frequency.
The Importance of the Componential Model of Creativity

The chapter by Christina Shalley reflects on both the influence of the componential model and consensual assessment technique for the field and for her own influential body of research. Specifically, she recounts how the intrinsic motivation principle influenced her work on goal setting, expected evaluation, and competition, which ultimately led her to examine additional motivational and contextual factors involved in creativity.
Thermodynamic limits of using fertilizer osmosis to produce mechanical work via pressure retarded osmosis

Abstract The potential for concentrated fertilizer to drive water treatment, nutrient recovery, and/or power generation has received increased attention. Recently the concept of fertilizer-driven pressure retarded osmosis (or “Green PRO”) was introduced to the literature and experimentally validated. The limits of power from fertilizer osmosis however have not yet been established, and therefore the potential for this energy source to supply meaningful farm loads is uncertain. In this paper, a combination of analytical, numerical, and experimental methods are used to establish the thermodynamic and process limits of fertilizer energy conversion via PRO. The results indicate that up to 125 Wh/kg of energy is released from fertilizer when it is diluted in water. PRO process dynamics including operation at constant applied pressure, and the need to maintain high power levels throughout the batch process, limit conversion to work to up to 14.9 Wh/kg. Further, experimentally-calibrated simulation results suggest that only up to 6.8 Wh/kg can be expected when considering non-ideal transport dynamics such as reverse solute flux and concentration polarization. The effect of feed source concentration and recovery ratio on batch process dynamics are investigated, and it is found that using wastewater as feed may be comparable to scenarios where clean irrigation feed with high recovery is used. The potential of common hydroponic plant crops is evaluated, and results indicate that advances in membrane technology may allow energy recovery to approach 5% of typical greenhouse electricity consumption.
Preserving Provider Wellness and Averting Secondary Traumatic Stress When Caring for High Risk Patients with Adverse Childhood Experiences

Background: Empathic providers and staff are at risk for experiencing secondary traumatic stress when caring for high-needs patients in busy clinical settings with Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs). To preserve provider wellness, it is vital to advocate for self-care and self-compassion to avoid secondary traumatic stress while providing trauma-informed care for high-risk patients. Objective: To understand awareness of ACEs among pediatric providers who work with underserved populations and to generate strategies to promote self-care. Design/Methods: We used a mixed-methods approach with medical staff in …
A Morpho-Syntactic Approach to Translating English Verb Phrases in Literary Texts into Arabic

Translation is a wonderful area of study especially the literary one. Unlike other kinds of renditions, literary translation needs a lot of cognitive processing on the part of translators in that the selecting of one of the multi grammatical forms available in Arabic is not as easy as a cake considering the implied meaning that syntactic or morphological structure suggests . It could be stated that the main problem of this research is the multi syntactic and morphological structures in Arabic and how translators decide on which is the most suitable equivalent for the English verb to be translated . It is hypothesized that translators involved in literary rendering must be fully- equipped with the various morphological and syntactic devices English and Arabic have and how to accurately employ them to produce good renditions. This research aims at providing literary translators with a sort of practical knowledge and how to achieve accurate equivalence greatly based on meaning on one hand and the precision of Arabic syntactic and morphological structures on the other . It can be concluded that it is not always suitable and accurate to render the English verbs into Arabic verbs. In the current study, however, the verb phrase can be successfully rendered into nominal, prepositional, or adverbial phrases.
Composite piezoelectric spinal fusion implant: Effects of stacked generators.

Spinal fusion surgeries have a high failure rate for difficult-to-fuse patients. A piezoelectric spinal fusion implant was developed to overcome the issues with other adjunct therapies. Stacked generators were used to improve power generation at low electrical load resistances. The effects of the number of layers on average maximum power and the optimal electrical load resistance were characterized. The effects of mechanical preload, load frequency, and amplitude on maximum power and optimal electrical load resistance were also characterized. Increasing the number of layers from one to nine was found to lower the optimal electrical load resistance from 1.00 GΩ to 16.78 MΩ while maintaining maximum power generation. Mechanical preload did not have a significant effect on power output or optimal electrical load resistance. Increases in mechanical loading frequency increased average maximum power, while decreasing the optimal electrical load resistance. Increases in mechanical loading amplitude increased average maximum power output without affecting the optimal electrical load resistance. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 104B: 158–164, 2016.
BLACK IS NOT AS BEAUTIFUL: GENDER, SEXUALITY AND TOURISM IN PANAMA

In spite of its centrality, the ‘body’ has remained surprisingly sparse from the corpus of tourism studies in the social sciences. Recent work has focused on the tourist gaze as gendered, sexualized and ethnicized, exposing the often implicit masculine possessor of this gaze. This article studies the host’s gaze as produced partly as a result of returning the tourist gaze. I argue that Afro-Antillean men and women in the Archipelago of Bocas del Toro (Panama) produce embodied gazes that result from historical constructs as well as from returning the gazes of those of the recent constant wave of tourists landing on their shores
Low cost and efficient energy storage concepts for power plants using pulsed fusion reactors

Three new energy storage concepts are introduced which are particularly suitable for delivering steady power from cyclic power sources, and specially from pulsed fusion reactors. These are: (1) PCM: Primary Coolant Mixing, (2) DCS: Diverted Coolant Storage, and (3) DCRS: Diverted Coolant Reversible Storage. The PCM concept is suitable for both compressible and incompressible primary coolants. The DCS and DCRS concepts are suitable for incompressible and compressible coolants, respectively. The PCM mixes the primary coolant over one cycle time or for a large multiple of the downtime. On the other hand, DCS and DCRS store only enough primary coolant at the exit temperature to supply the BOP during the downtime. In DCRS, large pumping power is avoided by making the storage chambers into large cylinders and charging and discharging them with the primary coolant reversibly against nearly equal back pressures of steam bled from the steam turbines. These energy storage concepts have close to 100% turnaround efficiency, and they are expected to be much cheaper compared with other options.
Análise de classes

No texto, que e o capitulo introdutorio do livro Class counts, Wright defende a relevância da analise de classes para o entendimento da sociedade e da politica contemporâneas. Ainda que a variavel "classe" nao explique sozinha todos os fenomenos sociais, nem mesmo seja parte das explicacoes de todos, ela e significativa em uma grande variedade deles. Portanto, deve ser sistematicamente explorada nas investigacoes da sociologia e da politica. Wright afirma tambem a superioridade da leitura marxista das classes sociais, capaz de abranger mais facetas do que a weberiana. E, por fim, defende que tal analise deve ter como ponto de partida um entendimento da estrutura de classes, nao simplesmente de seus conflitos. Para o desenho desta estrutura, importam a propriedade dos meios de producao, mas tambem o controle de especializacoes e de autoridade nas relacoes de trabalho.
HIBaSS: hierarchical identity-based signature scheme for AMI downlink transmission

The advanced metering infrastructure AMI is the key to demand-side management system in smart grid. The communication over AMI consists of plenty important data, which have different security requirements. In this paper, we propose a hierarchical identity-based signature scheme HIBaSS to enhance the sender authentication for downlink transmission of AMI. The downlink in AMI mainly distributes control messages such as price and tariff information to the smart meters. Unlike the metering data in the uplink transmission that requires confidentiality, most of the control messages in downlink only require data integrity and sender authentication. Moreover, since most of the control messages are valid for a relatively long time period e.g., an hour, more complicated but stronger cryptographic schemes can be applied in downlink AMI. In our proposed HIBaSS, each smart meter does not trust a signature from a single data aggregate point DAP although it includes the original signature from the authentication server AS, because a smart meter has no way to verify a message or a DAP directly with the AS. Instead, a smart meter receives a group signature created by all the DAPs with certificates from the AS that prevents the messages from forgery, manipulation and repudiation. The performance evaluation also shows that HIBaSS is efficient enough to be applied in the AMI downlink transmission. Copyright © 2015John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electronic resources for Chinese studies in a global context

This paper is a study of the current trends and conditions of electronic resources for Chinese studies, based on a recent survey on the Internet of 29 Chinese libraries in North America and eight Chinese libraries in China, Taiwan and Hong Kong. The survey discussed current electronic resources for Chinese studies, with a union list of major Chinese language databases currently used in libraries in Asia and the US. Current views on the use and development of electronic resources for Chinese studies were summarised.
Empirical Bayes classification rules for minefield detection

Abstract Empirical Bayes classification rules are derived for minefield detection. Laplace approximations forthe likelihood function and for the posterior density are used to construct approximate Bayes rules forclassifying each unit or region as belonging to one of the two possible types, indicating the presence or absence of mines. Approximate maximum likelihood estimation is proposed assuming that repeatedobservations are available. An application to a multivariate Poisson log normal model is discussed briefly. Some Key Words: Bayes and empirical Bayes classification rules; Minefield modeling and detection. 1. The Model Consider a situation where m sites in a given region are monitored by k image recording devicesset at different frequency bands. Since the sensor resolution in image recordings are not always arbi-trarily fine, it may be assumed that the available data points are in the form of pixels on a lattice. For simplicity, we suppose that each of the m sites belongs to one of the two types: type "0" indicatingmine-free and type "1" containing mines. The main goal of this paper is to develop a model for
STUDIES IN THE COMMON COLD : I. OBSERVATIONS OF THE NORMAL BACTERIAL FLORA OF NOSE AND THROAT WITH VARIATIONS OCCURRING DURING COLDS.

1. The normal bacterial flora of the nose and throat of thirteen individuals has been studied over periods ranging from 5 to 9 months. 2. Observations have been made of qualitative and quantitative changes in the flora occurring in the course of colds and of throat infections appearing in the group. 3. The normal basic nasal flora includes Staphylococcus albus, diphtheroids, and for certain individuals Staphylococcus aureus and citreus. Occasional transient bacteria are Gram-negative cocci and non-hemolytic streptococci. 4. The normal basic throat flora includes Gram-negative cocci, non-hemolytic streptococci, and for certain individuals "large Gram-positive cocci," B. influenzae, Bacillus "X," and diphtheroids. Transient organisms are Staphylococcus albus, hemolytic streptococci,Staphylococcus aureus and citreus, and pneumococci. 5. No bacteria were found in early cold cultures to which a causative role could be assigned. 6. In the course of colds the basic flora of the nose was often scanty in the early stages. The throat showed reduction of prominence or alterations in predominance of the basic flora. 7. Certain organisms were prominent in colds, usually as late or secondary invaders, these included Staphylococcus aureus, hemolytic streptococci, and B. influenzae. 8. There was a striking increase in the incidence of hemolytic streptococci in throat infections.
Control of spontaneous emission with functionalized multilayered hyperbolic metamaterials

The behavior of spontaneous emission of emitters embedded inside metamaterials with hyperbolic dispersion has been investigated. A simple technique has been developed to fabricate lamellar metal-dielectric hyperbolic metamaterials on substrates which can be flat, flexible or curvilinear in geometry. Moreover, this method opens up the possibility of functionalizing the dielectric layers by dye molecules. Utilizing this technique, we study the spontaneous emission kinetics of emitters placed either on top, or embedded inside hyperbolic metamaterials. While we observe a reduction in the radiative lifetimes in both cases, owing to the singularity in the density of photonic states, the effect is much stronger when the dye molecules are inside the metamaterial, rather than on its surface.
Rhabdomyolysis in a Patient with Hypocalcemia due to Hypoparathyroidism

The purpose of this report is to present a case of rhabdomyolysis associated with hypocalcemia due to idiopathic hypoparathyroidism. Throughout hospitalization and 1 year of outpatient follow-up, this
Differential light scattering: A possible method of mammalian cell identification

Abstract Theoretical investigations have been made for large coated spheres (∼10 μ diameter) of low relative refractive index as a model for some very nearly spherical mammalian cells suspended in a water-like medium. The intensity pattern within the forward lobe is similar to that of an equivalent homogeneous sphere. At scattering angles beyond the forward lobe, the calculated intensity pattern reflects the internal structure and suggests that information on the nucleus of a cell might be obtained, thus providing a method of identification.
Data compression based on the cubic B-spline wavelet with uniform two-scale relation

The aim of this paper is to investigate the potential artificial compression which can be achieved using an interval multiresolution analysis based on a semiorthogonal cubic B-spline wavelet. The Chui-Quak [1] spline multiresolution analysis for the finite interval has been modified [2] so as to be characterized by natural spline projection and uniform two-scale relation. Strengths and weaknesses of the semiorthogonal wavelet as regards artificial compression and data smoothing by the method of thresholding wavelet coefficients are indicated.
Fetal microchimerisms in the mother: immunologic implications.

Abstract The previously held concept that the fetus is completelyseparated from the mother, especially by trophoblasts that line the outer layer of the placenta, has recently been questioned. It has recently been shown that fetal cells are detectable not only in the peripheral blood, but also in maternal skin and liver. Although the migration of fetal cells into the maternal circulation has been given a great deal of attention because of its implication in the prenatal diagnosis of genetic diseases, the potential role of such placental transfer of fetal cells in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases has only recently been considered. In patients with scleroderma, fetal cell-derived DNA was detected more frequently in the peripheral blood of patients than controls. This finding of a limited number of fetal cells in maternal tissues leading to microchimerism has been proposed to have a role in the induction of scleroderma. Although evidence for microchimerism has also been confirmed in a high frequency of liver tissues from patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), a similar high frequency was noted in control patients, which suggests that microchimerism by itself is unlikely to fully account for the pathogenesis of PBC. The finding of such a high frequency of fetal microchimerism in the liver suggests that this is a very common event, raising the possibility that the migration of fetal cells may be important in the induction and subsequent maintenance of tolerance against the fetus during pregnancy. In addition, it is dearly possible that such microchimerism could contribute to the pathogenesis of select autoimmune diseases.
A fast, wire-plane profile monitor for extracted proton beams☆

Abstract Wire planes, operating in air as ionization collectors, have been instrumented to provide continuous and essentially instantaneous readout of extracted proton beam profiles at the Zero Gradient Synchrotron. The value of the profile monitor as a diagnostic tool and as input for computer optimization of beam on external targets is illustrated and discussed.
Role of the galactose transport system in the establishment of endogenous induction of the galactose operon in Escherichia coli

Abstract The constitutivity of the galactose operon as a pleiotropic effect of the galactokinase defect has been shown to depend upon an intact transport system for galactose, in addition to an unimpaired biosynthesis of UDP-galactose. Thus a constitutive kinaseless mutant became inducible as the result of a secondary defect in the galactose transport system. A correlation has been established between the functional integrity of the galactose transport system and the status of the internal induction of the galactose operon in galactokinaseless mutants. This finding implies an active role for the permease in what would otherwise seem to be a simple retention of galactose in cells suspended in galactose-free media. This is taken to support Rotman's view of retention being a dynamic equilibrium between an efficient recapture and exit of galactose. The dependence of endogenous induction of the galactose operon on the functional integrity of the galactose transport system strongly suggests that free galactose is either the endogenous inducer itself, or is in a rapid equilibrium with the inducer. A low internal level of free galactose caused by exit without a recapture mechanism would effectively lower the cellular steady-state level of the inducer below the threshold for induction.