cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Towards semantic search in building sensor data

This paper presents a search engine system for sensor time series data and metadata in the context of building management. It takes natural language queries as input and retrieves sensor time series data, ranks them with respect to their relevance to a given query, and visualizes the results as graphs. In addition, the system allows users to interact with the search results: they can define events of interest in the visualized results and search across sensor data for time series with similar shape, i.e. the search by example scheme. We leverage both a feature based cosine similarity model and DTW to find similar time series and rank them by relevance. Our quantitative evaluations and user studies demonstrate the value of this system for managing building sensor data.
Geschichte des DBA-USA

Das Doppelbesteuerungsabkommen zwischen der Bundesrepublik Deutschland und den Vereinigten Staaten von Amerika von 1989 (DBA-USA)1 ersetzte das 1965 durch ein Protokoll2 erganzte und geanderte Abkommen von 19543 (DBA-USA 1954/65)4. Dieses Abkommen wurde von Grunde auf neu verhandelt. Ein neues DBA war unter anderem notwendig, um die Unternehmensteuerreform der Bundesrepublik von 1977, die amerikanische Steuerreform von 1986, zahlreiche Einzelanderungen in den Steuerrechten der beiden Vertragsstaaten sowie die Fortentwicklung des Internationalen Steuerrechts angemessen zu berucksichtigen5. Zu erwahnen sind hier insbesondere das OECD-Musterabkommen 1977 und das US-Musterabkommen 19816.
Surface Characterization Techniques: An Overview

To understand the benefits that surface modifications provide, and ultimately to devise better ones, it is necessary to study the physical, mechanical, and chemical changes they cause. This chapter surveys classical and leading-edge developments in surface structure and property characterization methodologies. The primary emphases are on the use of these techniques as they relate to surface modifications, thin films and coatings, and tribological engineering surfaces and on the implications rather than the instrumentation.
Research in Rocket and Jet Propulsion

When considering the problems of basic research in rocket and jet propulsion, it is profitable to keep in mind the salient features of rocket- and jet-propulsion engineering. These are: short duration of operation of the power-plant and extreme intensity of reaction in the motor.
Sound Isolation by Harmonic Peak Partition For Music Instrument Recognition

Identification of music instruments in polyphonic sounds is difficult and challenging, especially where heterogeneous harmonic partials are overlapping with each other. This has stimulated the research on sound separation for content-based automatic music information retrieval. Numerous successful approaches on musical data feature extraction and selection have been proposed for instrument recognition in monophonic sounds. Unfortunately, none of those algorithms can be successfully applied to polyphonic sounds. Based on recent research in sound classification of monophonic sounds and studies in speech recognition, Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG) standardized a set of features of the digital audio content data for the purpose of interpretation of the informationmeaning. Most of themare in a formof largematrix or vector of large size, which are not suitable for traditional data mining algorithms; while other features in smaller size are not sufficient for instrument recognition in polyphonic sounds. Therefore, these acoustical features themselves alone cannot be successfully applied to classification of polyphonic sounds. However, these features contain critical information, which implies music instruments' signatures. We have proposed a novel music information retrieval system with MPEG-7-based descriptors and we built classifiers which can retrieve the important time-frequency timbre information and isolate sound sources in polyphonic musical objects, where two instruments are playing at the same time, by energy clustering between heterogeneous harmonic peaks.
Unique High Energy Power System Facility brings a new era to battery system evaluation

The perfect facility for evaluating high energy power systems should be extremely safe, contain high pressures, capture all gasses, and contain all fluids. Operations should be remotely controlled but still monitored. Equipment should be positioned such that damage from a major event would be minimal. For quality evaluations the facility must have a broad range of testing capability. The Crane Division, Naval Surface Warfare Center has placed such a facility online: The High Energy Power Systems Facility. Military systems use lithium based batteries which present hazards to personnel, equipment, and the environment. The measures taken at the facility to contain these hazards and other unique features are discussed. >
Titanium, Zirconium, and Hafnium Metal Atom Reactions with CF4, CCl4, and CF2Cl2: A Matrix Isolation Spectroscopic and DFT Investigation of Triplet XC÷MX3 Complexes

Laser-ablated group 4 transition metal atoms react with CF4 to form triplet state electron-deficient FC÷MF3 methylidyne complexes, which are identified by their infrared spectra and comparison to density functional vibrational frequency calculations of stable possible products. Of particular interest in these complexes are the strong C−X bonds and carbon−metal π bonding. The two unpaired electrons on carbon are drawn to the electron-deficient transition metal center, forming a partially filled triple bond, which is approximately equal in length to a classical CM double bond. Reactions with carbon tetrachloride form the analogous ClC÷MCl3 complexes, whereas reactions with CF2Cl2 form a mixture of FC÷MFCl2 and ClC÷MF2Cl species. The FC÷MFCl2 complexes involving more α-Cl transfer are favored in the reaction of excited metal atoms during sample deposition, but UV irradiation photoisomerizes FC÷MFCl2 to the lower energy ClC÷MF2Cl complexes with more α-F transfer to the metal center.
Lift Response of a Stalled Wing to Pulsatile Disturbances

The transient lift response of a low-Reynolds-number wing subjected to small amplitude pulsatile disturbances is investigated. The wing has a small aspect ratio and a semicircular planform, and it is fully stalled at a 20 deg angle of attack. Microvalve actuators distributed along the leading edge of the wing produce the transient disturbance. It is shown that the lift response to a single pulse increases with increasing actuator supply pressure and that the lift response curves are similar to each other when scaled by the total impulse. Furthermore, for fixed actuator supply pressure, the amplitude and total impulse of the transient lift response curve increases with increasing external flow speed. In this case, the lift response curves are similar when scaled by the dynamic pressure. The lift response to a single pulse can be treated as a filter kernel, and it can be used to predict the lift time history for the arbitrary actuator input signals. The kernel is similar in shape to transient measurements obtained by other investigators on two-dimensional wings and flaps. Comparisons between the model predictions and the experiments using multiple pulse inputs and square-wave modulated input signals at low frequencies are presented.
Distributed Ada-approach and implementation

The task of programming distributed applications in Ada may be addressed in several ways. Most of these require the application developer to factor the hardware configuration into software design very early in the development process. The resulting software is sensitive to changes in hardware, does not lend itself to design iteration, is not easily transportable across different hardware configurations, and is not stable against changes during the life-cycle of the application.In Section 2, we describe an approach that achieves separation of concerns between program design and program partitioning for distributed execution. The entire application is written as a single Ada program using the full capabilities of the language for program structuring, separate compilation, and type checking. Then in a distinct second phase of design, the program is partitioned and prepared for distributed execution. The two-phase design approach helps reduce design complexity by problem decomposition, and allows experimentation with different strategies for allocating software to hardware without requiring software redesign. Section 3 reviews other work and presents a comparative evaluation.Two implementations of this approach have been completed and tested with the Ada Compiler Validation Capability (ACVC) test-suite. Implementation issues are discussed, and the key features of our implementation approach are presented in Section 4. Finally, Section 5 concludes the paper with pointers to future work.
A process model for food competition

A model for food competition that describes competition between two predator species consuming the same array of prey species was developed and applied to give equations for estimation of competition coefficients from observable data, and to examine the historical lake herring (Coregonus artedii) and chub (Coregonus hoyi) fisheries of Lake Superior. If the two species consume the same foods, and if food consumption and mortality are functions of size, the two species coexist. The analyses indicate three types of differences between species that could lead to competitive exclusion: different proportions of prey eaten, different efficiencies of food utilization, and different mortalities. Lake herring and chubs consumed similar foods, but lake herring were larger than chubs, and a difference in body size could result in exclusion of chubs from areas occupied by lake herring and lake trout because of the relation of mortality to size for pelagic species.
Fibrin adherence to biologic tissues.

Abstract Studies have been done to determine the biologic adherence characteristics of fibrin to tissue. The presence of fibrin bound to tissue was traced and confirmed by immunofluorescent microscopy utilizing rabbit anti-human fibrin fluorescein isothiocyanate. The connective tissue content of dog skin, ligamentum nuchae, and Achille's tendon were modified by both enzymatic and alkaline hydrolysis treatment to selectively eliminate either collagen or elastin fibers prior to determining whether fibrin would bond to the remaining connective tissue element. Fibrin was found to bond preferentially to collagen fibers, but it also apparently bonded to elastin fibers after alkaline hydrolysis. Whether the hydrolytic process failed to remove all collagen and/or changed native elastin to a collagenlike protein, or whether fibrin bonds equally well to elastin is as yet undecided. These studies therefore indicate that if there is a biologic specificity of fibrin bonding, that specificity is for collagen, not elastin. Whether fibrin will bond to native elastin in the absence of collagen has not been definitely determined.
Infinite retrogression in the Eaves—Saigal algorithm

For certain functionsf fromR n toR n , the Eaves—Saigal algorithm computes a path inR n × (0, 1] which converges to a zero off. In this case, it is shown that even whenf is of classC ∞ and has a unique zero, the converging path may retrogress infinitely many times.
Visual Assessment of Avian Threat in Semi-Captive Ringtailed Lemurs (Lemur Catta)

Visual assessment of avian stimuli as threatening or non-threatening was investigated experimentally in semi-captive, forest-living ringtailed lemurs (Lemur catta). Subjects were presented silhouettes of different sizes and shapes on overhead runs. Antiraptor calls elicited by the silhouettes were recorded and quantified. Realistic and stylized hawk shapes elicited more total calling per trial than did a square shape. Large hawk shapes elicited longer individual calls than a large goose shape, and all bird shapes elicited longer calls than did a square but not a diamond shape. We suggest the observed response patterns reflect a differential in perceived avian threat and that they support an ecologically-oriented view of the "short neck" interpretation for raptor shape recognition.
Mental Demand, Asymmetries, and Tympanic Membrane Temperature (TMT)

Previous research has indicated that tympanic membrane temperature (TMT) is inversely correlated with cerebral blood flow and change in cerebral blood flow is a neurological measure of mental workload. We investigated whether TMT changed as a function of time on task and type of picture exposure (nature vs. urban) when participants performed two sessions of the original Sustained Attention to Response Task (SART: Robertson et al., 1997) that were separated by exposure to the pictures. Tympanic membrane temperature was recorded for both ears before and after each SART. We found a trend for declining temperature with time in the left ear and not the right ear. This finding is inconsistent with previous research that associated right-hemisphere dominance for vigilance tasks and suggested that SART is not a vigilance task. Further, the temperature asymmetries correlated with SART performance, which is in accordance with research by Helton (2010).
Nitration studies of naphtho[2,3‐c][1,2,5]thiadiazole

Nitration of naphtho[2,3-c][1,2,5]thiadiazole gives the 5-nitro derivative in 61–66% yield. Chlorination of this product apparently gives an unstable addition product which loses hydrogen chloride on recrystallization to give 4-chloro-8-nitronaphtho[2,3-c][1,2,5]thiadiazole. Thus, naphtho[2,3-c][1,2,5]thiadiazole under nitrating conditions behaves as a 2-substituted naphthalene rather than as an anthracene analog.
Thalamocortical dynamics of sleep: roles of purinergic neuromodulation

Thalamocortical dynamics, the millisecond to second changes in activity of thalamocortical circuits, are central to perception, action and cognition. Generated by local circuitry and sculpted by neuromodulatory systems, these dynamics reflect the expression of vigilance states. In sleep, thalamocortical dynamics are thought to mediate "offline" functions including memory consolidation and synaptic scaling. Here, I discuss thalamocortical sleep dynamics and their modulation by the ascending arousal system and locally released neurochemicals. I focus on modulation of these dynamics by electrically silent astrocytes, highlighting the role of purinergic signaling in this glial form of communication. Astrocytes modulate cortical slow oscillations, sleep behavior, and sleep-dependent cognitive function. The discovery that astrocytes can modulate sleep dynamics and sleep-related behaviors suggests a new way of thinking about the brain, in which integrated circuits of neurons and glia control information processing and behavioral output.
Separation of a thermotropic liquid crystalline polymer from polypropylene composites

This work is concerned with determining how to effectively recycle wholly thermoplastic composites comprised of a polypropylene (PP) matrix reinforced with a thermotropic liquid crystalline polymer (TLCP). A novel reclamation process was developed in which the TLCP could be recovered from the PP matrix. Reactive extrusion was used to reduce the molecular weight of the PP (Montell 6523) and to facilitate phase separation. The melt was then extruded into a heated mineral oil bath, which separated the TLCP (DuPont HX8000) from the matrix by dissolving the PP. It was found that greater than 70 wt% of the TLCP could be reclaimed from the PP matrix at a purity of greater than 96 wt%. In order to determine the ability to reuse the reclaimed HX8000, injection molded in situ composites were generated and their mechanical properties were determined. When the neat HX8000 component was partially replaced with reclaimed HX8000, the injection molded TLCP/PP composites showed no discernible difference in mechanical properties.
A Novel Auxiliary Protein Allows BK Potassium Channel Activation at Resting Voltage Without Calcium

Large-conductance, voltage and calcium-activated potassium (BK) channels are composed of the channel-forming α subunits (BKα), which are ubiquitously expressed in electrically excitable and non-excitable cells, either alone or together with tissue specific auxiliary β subunits (β1-β4). BK channel gating is dually regulated by membrane voltage and free cytosolic Ca2+ ([Ca2+]in). Activation of BK channels in electrically excitable cells typically requires coincident membrane depolarization and elevation in [Ca2+]in, which are not a physiological condition for most non-excitable cells. We present biochemical and electrophysiological evidence showing that in LNCaP prostate cancer cells, BK channels can be activated at low voltages without rises in [Ca2+]in through direct complex with an auxiliary small Leucine-rich repeat containing protein (LRRCP). This LRRCP modulates BK channels gating by enhancing the allosteric coupling between voltage-sensor activation and the channel's C-O transition. This finding reveals a novel auxiliary protein of a voltage-gated ion channel that gives an unprecedented large negative shift (−135 to −150 mV) in voltage dependence and provides a molecular mechanism for activation of BK potassium channels at physiological voltages and calcium levels in non-excitable cells.
Local inhibitory synaptic inputs to neurones of the paraventricular nucleus in slices of rat hypothalamus

1. Intracellular recordings were obtained from neurones in the region of the paraventricular nucleus in slices of rat hypothalamus. Glutamate microdrops were applied to the surface of the slices at sites dorsal, lateral and ventral to the paraventricular nucleus to selectively activate local presynaptic neurones. The gamma-aminobutyric acidA (GABAA)-receptor antagonists picrotoxin or bicuculline were bath-applied to block synaptic inhibition. 2. Glutamate microapplication caused a tonic depolarization and often repetitive action potentials in twenty of forty-seven recorded cells. This was probably caused by the direct exposure of the dendrites of the recorded cells to the glutamate microdrops. 3. Glutamate microstimulation elicited inhibitory synaptic responses in nine of forty-seven neurones tested. Glutamate microdrops caused discrete, hyperpolarizing postsynaptic potentials (PSPs) in four cells recorded with microelectrodes containing potassium acetate and evoked depolarizing PSPs in four cells recorded with KCl-filled microelectrodes. Glutamate microapplication inhibited spontaneous spike firing in another cell recorded with a potassium acetate microelectrode. 4. Bath application of GABAA-receptor antagonists completely blocked the hyperpolarizing PSPs elicited by glutamate microstimulation in three of three cells recorded with potassium acetate electrodes and the depolarizing PSPs in two of two cells recorded with KCl electrodes, indicating they were inhibitory PSPs caused by the release of GABA. Suppression of GABAA-mediated synaptic inhibition did not reveal any glutamate-evoked excitatory PSPs. 5. Recorded cells were identified as magnocellular, parvocellular or non-paraventricular bursting neurones on the basis of their electrophysiological properties. Direct depolarization and local inhibitory synaptic responses were observed in all three cell types. 6. Several conclusions can be drawn from these data: (1) functional glutamate receptors are distributed throughout neuronal populations in the paraventricular region of the hypothalamus, confirming and extending previous observations; (2) local synaptic inputs to neurones in the paraventricular nucleus are primarily inhibitory, supplied by perinuclear GABAergic neurones; (3) both magnocellular and parvocellular subpopulations receive local inhibitory synaptic inputs. The possibility that these local GABAergic circuits mediate inhibitory inputs to paraventricular neurones from limbic structures is discussed.
The effect of performance support and training on performer attitudes

While training has been a proven and heavily relied on intervention to impart job-enabling information to performers, its ability to have a positive effect on job performance has been demonstrated to diminish over time. One intervention that has been adopted by performance technologists to provide ongoing support is an electronic performance support system (EPSS). The study presented here examined the effect of EPSS and training on user attitudes. Results revealed that participants receiving only EPSS and those receiving training and EPSS had significantly higher attitudes than participants who received only training. Recommendations on how to best combine and implement these performance interventions based on these data are discussed.
The Extreme Ultraviolet Sensor (EUVS) for GOES-R

Recognizing that the solar extreme ultraviolet (EUV) irradiance is an important driver of space weather, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) has added an Extreme Ultraviolet Sensor (EUVS) to its Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) program, starting with the recently launched GOES-N, now designated GOES-13. For the GOES-R series (slated for launch starting in 2015) , the EUVS measurement concept has been redesigned. Instead of measuring broad bands spanning the EUV, the GOES-R EUVS will measure specific solar emissions representative of coronal, transition region, and chromospheric variability. From these measurements, the geo-effective EUV wavelength range from 5 to 127 nm can be reconstructed using models based on spectrally resolved measurements gathered over the full range of solar variability. An overview of the GOES-R EUVS design is presented. A description of the in-flight degradation tracking utilizing similar measurement and modeling techniques used to generate the EUV irradiance is also provided.
Choline acetyltransferase activity and muscarinic binding in brain regions of aging fischer-344 rats.

Abstract Muscarinic receptor binding and choline acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.6.) activity were assayed in three brain regions of 4-, 12- and 24-month-old Fischer-344 rats. Statistically significant age differences in cholinergic parameters were observed in each region. The affinity for [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate increased in the cortex (24 vs 12 and 4 months), but Bmax decreased in the cortex (24 vs 12 vs 4 months), striatum (24 vs 12 vs 4 months) and hippocampus (24 vs 12 and 24 vs 4). Assays of carbamylcholine inhibition of [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate binding in the hippocampus showed that high affinity agonist binding increased with age (24 vs 12 and 4 months), and the percentage of muscarinic binding to high affinity agonist sites decreased (24 vs 12 vs 4 months). In addition, the affinity of the agonist oxotremorine for muscarinic binding sites also increased in the hippocampus (12 and 24 vs 4 months). Although the Km of choline acetyltransferase for choline chloride did not change in any region tested, the Km for acetyl coenzyme A decreased in the hippocampus (24 vs 12 months), but increased (4 vs 12 months) and then decreased (12 vs 24 months) in the striatum. Statistically significant age-related declines in Vmax for choline acetyltransferase were noted in the striatum (24 The findings have implications for use of the Fischer-344 male rat as an animal model of aging and age-related disorders of the human brain, including dementia of the Alzheimer type.
WAVEGUIDES WITH PERIODIC UNDULATIONS INSPIRED BY DSP WINDOWING

The design of wave filters unsing tapered undulations inspired by the DSP window functions is presented. A circular cylindrical duct with a non uniformly peridic rigid wall is studied as a basic example. By assuming small amplitude wall undulations, the perturbation method of multiple scales can be used to analyze the stopband interaction of the propagating acoustic modes with the wall of the duct when the Bragg resonance condition occurs
Cytochemical evidence for cation fluxes in parotid acinar cells following stimulation by isoproterenol.

The use of potassium pyroantimonate-osmium tetroxide as a combined fixative and cation-capture agent has permitted the observation of finestructural changes in cation distribution in rat parotid acinar cells following administration of isoproterenol (IPR). During the secretory phase of the response, there is a diminution of antimonate-precipitable cation in the cytoplasm combined with an increase along the plasma membrane and on secretory channels. At four hours after IPR, cytoplasmic precipitates return but deposits disappear along the membrane. Membrane deposits return slowly at later times after the stimulus. Decreased antimonate-precipitable cation was observed in nuclear heterochromatin between 4 and 20 hours after IPR. This may be related to the induction of cell replication by the drug. During the DNA synthetic phase of the response to IPR, an unusual patchy osmiophobia was observed in nuclei. Mitotic chromosomes contained heavy antimonate deposits. Some of the early changes in cation distribution observed after isoproterenol administration mimicked changes seen in damaged cells.
Comparison of U.S., Canadian, and Australian participants' performance on the Algase Wandering Scale-Version 2 (AWS-V2).

Although wandering in dementia is seen in various cultures, cross-cultural comparisons have not been reported. We examined wandering in residents of long-term care settings (LTCs) in three English-speaking countries (n = 96, America; n = 42, Canada; n = 13, Australia) using the Algase Wandering Scale-Version 2 (AWS-V2). Participants differed by country on age and medical diagnosis. The Americans were significantly older; the Canadians had a greater rate of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In one-way ANOVAs, AWS-V2 ratings from nurse aides revealed significant differences in the AWS-V2 and three subscales (spatial disorientation, attention shifting, eloping behavior), but not for two others (persistent walking, shadowing). Where significant, Canadians had consistently lower ratings than others. Post-hoc analyses by age of participants failed to reveal significant differences. However, participants with AD had significantly lower AWS-V2 scores than those with mixed-type dementia. Lower MMSE score predicted higher AWS-V2, spatial disorientation, and eloping behavior. Post-hoc analyses of respondent characteristics revealed no significant differences on AWS-V2 or subscales by frequency of attending dementia classes and level of experience with dementia. Thus the nature of wandering in these three countries is not substantially different. However, variations in care environments may contribute to differences in attention shifting. Further, limited sample size, particularly among Australians and Canadians, make findings tentative.
Structurally-defined alternatives

Scalar implicatures depend on alternatives in order to avoid the symmetry problem. I argue for a structure-sensitive characterization of these alternatives: the alternatives for a structure are all those structures that are at most as complex as the original one. There have been claims in the literature that complexity is irrelevant for implicatures and that the relevant condition is the semantic notion of monotonicity. I provide new data that pose a challenge to the use of monotonicity and that support the structure-sensitive definition. I show that what appeared to be a problem for the complexity approach is overcome once an appropriate notion of complexity is adopted, and that upon closer inspection, the argument in favor of monotonicity turns out to be an argument against it and in favor of the complexity approach.
Quantum holonomy and the chiral gauge anomaly.

The chiral gauge anomaly is studied by use of the U(1) holonomy on the space of all gauge fields. On this space an Abelian gauge structure is identified and the anomaly is related to the pertinent field-strength tensor and computed by use of the $\ensuremath{\eta}$ invariant of a five-dimensional Dirac operator.
Halide-Bridged Palladium(II) Dimers of Orthometalated (S)-(+)-N,N-Dimethyl-α-methylbenzylamine and (S)-(+)-N,N-Dimethyl[1-(2-naphthyl)ethyl]amine: Solution and Solid-State Structures and Reactions with 3,4-Dimethyl-1-phenylphosphole and Allyldiphenylphosphine

Activation thermodynamics for the cis ⇌ trans isomerization of the chloride-, bromide-, and iodide-bridged palladium(II) dimers of orthometalated (S)-(+)-N,N-dimethyl-α-methylbenzylamine (TMBA) and (S)-(+)-N,N-dimethyl[1-(2-naphthyl)-ethyl]amine (TMNA) have been determined by variable-temperature 1H NMR spectroscopy. The chloride-bridged dimers are cleaved regioselectively by 3,4-dimethyl-1-phenylphosphole (DMPP) and allyldiphenylphosphine (ADPP) to form the mononuclear products and (R3P = DMPP, ADPP), with the phosphine exclusively trans to nitrogen. The chloride-bridged dimers react with NaPF6 or AgClO4, DMPP, and CH3CN to produce and (X = PF6-, ClO4-). They react with NaPF6 or AgClO4 and excess DMPP to form [Pd(DMPP)4](X)2 (X = PF6-, ClO4-). When X = PF6-, this complex undergoes two thermal [2+2] dimerizations of the coordinated DMPP ligands in the solid state to form {Pd(DMPP2-[2+2])2}(PF6)2. The complex reacts with AgClO4 and ADPP at 75 °C to form an unusual chloride-bridged tetrapalladium(II) macroc...
Canine subcutaneous cholecystopexy: A model for the long-term study of bile acid kinetics

Abstract A surgical procedure for suspending the gallbladder fundus beneath a bony rib cage landmark has been used to provide easy sampling access for bile acid study in the dog. This technique, canine cholecystopexy, is easy to perform and yields reproducible results of bile acid biokinetics studied by thin-layer and gas—liquid chromatography. The procedure is recommended for research requiring long-term survival in a physiologic model.
Applying Hodges-Lehmann scale parameter estimates to hospital discharge times

Background: Clinical trials aimed at shortening the time-to-discharge need to have rational and easily understood effect size estimates for health care management organizations. A natural choice is a scale model, where the distribution of time to discharge on one treatment is assumed to be the same as ρ times that on the other. If, for example ρ=0.6, then one treatment is associated with a 40% reduction in discharge time. In designing and analyzing these studies, we need to have the capability to accommodate right censored data, as it is plausible that some patients may never meet the discharge criteria, even though they do get discharged.Purpose: Utilizing the ideas of Hodges and Lehmann, to provide methods for analysis of trials aimed at shortening hospital discharge times, using point and interval estimates of scale parameters based on the Gehan generalization of the Mann—Whitney—Wilcoxon test, which accommodates right censoring for situations where patients never meet discharge criteria (+∞).Methods: ...
Patient satisfaction with nurse practitioner service in a rural setting.

PURPOSE: To determine the level of patient satisfaction with service provided by nurse practitioners (NP) to rural patients. DATA SOURCES: Original research utilizing the Nurse Practitioner Satisfaction Instrument (NPSI), developed by the researcher and completed by a convenience sample of 93 rural patients. CONCLUSIONS: Overall there was a high level of patient satis-faction with NP service. Significant relationships (p≤.05) were identified between patient satis-faction and the subject's age, educational level, familiarity with the NP seen, overall health, sat-isfaction with expectations of service being met, and likelihood to recommend the NP to others. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: These findings can be used to support the effec-tiveness of NP providers and the need for less restriction in reimbursement policies, which in turn, may improve access to care in rural and underserved areas.
Child-Centered Play Therapy (CCPT): Theory, Research, and Practice / Kindzentrierte Spieltherapie (CCPT): Theorie, Forschung, Praxis / Terapia de Juego Centrada en el Niño (TJCN): Teoría, Investigación y Práctica / La Thérapie par le Jeu Centrée sur l'Enfant: Théorie, Recherche et Pratique / Ludoterapia Centrada na Criança (LTCC): Teoria, Investigação e Prática /

Abstract Beginning with the groundbreaking work of Virginia Axline in the 1940s, nondirective/child-centered/person-centered play therapy has been recognized as a developmentally responsive therapeutic intervention for children that utilizes play, children's natural means of expression. Child-centered play therapy (CCPT), the term used in North America, is founded on the belief that, just as adults, children possess within themselves the ability to make meaning of their experiences and solve their own problems. This article provides an overview of the theory and practice of child-centered play therapy (CCPT), including research to support its effectiveness.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Septic Arthritis

Septic arthritis (SA) is a common orthopedic condition encountered in horses that are presented to equine veterinarians. Successful out-come is dependent on prompt and thorough evaluation and treatment. This article briefly reviews the pathophysiology, outlines diagnostics, describes treatment options and prognostics, and discusses current research in diagnosis and treatment of SA.
Considerations For A Low-Altitude Reconnaissance System

Use of solid-state detectors in systems to supplant photo-graphic film-based sensors is described. Bandwidth limitations are shown to bound the collection capabilities of the new class of sensor. System trades are discussed, and a candidate type of low-altitude reconnaissance system described.
Determination of selenate by single-column ion chromatography.

Abstract Chromatographic parameters were optimized to determine selenate (SeO 2− 2 ) by single-column ion chromatography with the simultaneous detection of Cl − , NO − 2 , NO − 3 and SO 2− 4 . Separation was conducted on a low-capacity anion-exchange column, and anions were quantified by conductimetric detection. The eluent stream consisted of 4 m M phthalic acid adjusted to pH 4.6 with sodium borate. Accurate measurement of trace amounts of SeO 2− 4 was evident in the presence of high background levels of other ions including Cl − , NO − 3 and up to 40 mg l −1 SO 2− 4 . Resolution of SeO 2− 4 and SO 2− 4 was demonstrated up to 80 mg l −1 SO 2− 4 . The detection limit of SeO 2− 4 was 18 μg l −1 with a relative standard deviation of 1.46%.
What Wordsworth Planted

This essay shows how the metaphor of “planting” assumes a cluster of meanings beyond horticulture in the romantic age. I pursue the associative dimensions of that figure as an index of both sexuality and obliquely imperial concerns in Wordsworth and his critics. The promiscuity of this word disrupts a received image of the poet as stodgy, self-directed, and somehow verbally and otherwise chaste. I reexamine frankly moving passages from the “memory fragment,” two-book Prelude and from the elegy “Peele Castle.” At the same time the essay heeds the injunction David Simpson offers in the title of his recent essay, “Wordsworth and Empire—Just Joking,” by pursuing the trace of Wordsworth’s possible jokes and the way they extend rather than nullify his resonance to world-formation. As with the “planted” snowdrops of the Prelude, planting in general as a linguistic maneuver displays limit areas over which Wordsworth presumes an ambivalent control, and may not acknowledge willful desires when indeed they are projected.
The use of multiple scenarios by U.S. industrial companies: A comparison study, 1977–1981☆

Over the past 5 years the authors have been examining the Fortune 1000 U.S. industrials' changes in corporate planning practices with respect to environmental analysis. Results of earlier studies have been reported in the February 1979 and October 1981 issues of Long Range Planning. This article documents the rapid, domestic increase in the use of multiple scenarios between 1977 and 1981. Given the intention for future use by present users and the length of time multiple scenarios have been used by some firms, this is strong evidence that multiple scenarios are a useful conjectural tool which can help corporate management plan in an unstable environment.
Controllers built using function‐to‐function‐architecture

Function‐To‐Function‐Architecture (FFA) is a novel architecture for building programmable electronic systems which uses multiple processors and a unique distributed executive. An FFA system is a set of FFA modules interacting via a communications medium. Every FFA module is a complete stand‐alone computer in its own right.
Walnut (Juglans spp.) ecophysiology in response to environmental stresses and potential acclimation to climate change

Walnuts (Juglans spp.) are ecologically and commercially important trees, yet synthesis of past and current research findings on walnut ecophysiology is lacking, especially in terms of potential acclimation to climate change. This study aims to (1) investigate walnut ecophysiology by comparing its attributes to associated deciduous angiosperms, (2) address potential acclimation of walnut to climate change, and (3) identify areas for prioritization in future research. There is considerable uncertainty regarding the magnitude of potential effects of climate change on walnut. Some studies tend to indicate walnut could be negatively impacted by climate change, while others do not. Walnut may be at a disadvantage due to its susceptibility to drought and frost injury in current growing regions given the projected increases in temperature and extreme climatic events. Other regions that are currently considered cold for walnut growth may see increased establishment and growth depending upon the rate of temperature increase and the frequency and severity of extreme climatic events. Research investigating a combination of environmental factors, such as temperature, carbon dioxide, ozone, water, and nitrogen is needed to (1) better project climate change effects on walnut and (2) develop management strategies for walnut acclimation and adaptation to climate change.
Intracellular Steady-State Concentration of Integron Recombination Products Varies with Integrase Level and Growth Phase

Abstract IntI1 mediates the recombination of antibiotic-resistant gene cassettes between different integrons in the same cell, facilitating the persistence and dissemination of these genes. Historically, integrase activity has been measured by conjugating recombinant products from donor cells overexpressing integrase and quantifying them in recipient cells. Here we report the first measurements of the steady-state intracellular abundance of integrase-mediated recombination products in strains expressing natural or high IntI1 levels. Recombination products in both high and natural integrase strains increased markedly through late log phase and continued to rise in stationary phase in the high integrase strain, but declined in the natural expression strain. Simple acquisition of gene cassettes was seen only in strains expressing high integrase; in strains with natural integrase levels, only cointegrates between the two integron-bearing plasmids were detectable at all growth stages. Unexpectedly, more attI × attI than attC × attI recombination products were seen in log phase for both strains; however, in stationary phase, the high integrase strain increased attC recombination, consistent with earlier observations of integrase crossover site preferences. Thus, direct quantification of the steady-state concentration of recombination products reveals that the integrase's intracellular concentration affects the amount and type of recombination events in a growth-phase-dependent manner.
Regulation of mitochondrial uncoupling proteins in mouse inner ear ganglion cells in response to systemic kanamycin challenge

Abstract Mitochondrial uncoupling proteins are a proton transporter family involved in regulation mitochondrial superoxide and ATP production. Uncoupling proteins are expressed by rat spiral ganglion and vestibular ganglion cells [Hear Res 196 (2004) 39]. This study tests the hypothesis that uncoupling protein expression is up-regulated in response to the reactive oxygen species challenge imposed by kanamycin and antioxidant (2,3-dihydroxybenzoate) treatment in mice. In control C57BL/6, CBA/J and BALB/c mice, mRNA for uncoupling protein 1, uncoupling protein 2, uncoupling protein 3, Slc25a27 (uncoupling protein 4) and Slc25a14 (uncoupling protein 5/BMCP1) was expressed in the spiral and vestibular ganglia. After kanamycin-treatment (700mg/kg twice daily for 14 days s.c.), uncoupling protein 2 and uncoupling protein 3 mRNA expression increased significantly in spiral and vestibular ganglia and kidney, but was unaffected in cerebral cortex. Significant Slc25a27 (uncoupling protein 4) mRNA up-regulation was also observed in spiral and vestibular ganglia, but not in kidney or cerebral cortex. These effects were blocked by simultaneous administration of kanamycin and 2,3-dihydroxybenzoate (300mg/kg twice daily for 14 days s.c.). Western immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry confirmed the uncoupling protein 2 and uncoupling protein 3 up-regulation in inner ear. Finally, 2,3-dihydroxybenzoate treatment alone produced an upregulation of uncoupling protein 1 mRNA in the spiral ganglion, vestibular ganglion and cerebral cortex, but not the kidney. Uncoupling protein 2 and uncoupling protein 3 upregulation in the kidney and inner ear ganglia likely reflects their general role as a feedback pathway to reduce mitochondrial superoxide generation. Slc25a27 (uncoupling protein 4) upregulation in the inner ear ganglia, by contrast, is likely to be a secondary response to kanamycin-induced hair cell death. We propose that increased uncoupling protein 2, uncoupling protein 3 and Slc25a27 expression has several neuroprotective effects via reduction in mitochondrial superoxide generation and local thermogenesis, including: (1) reducing mean ROS load to prevent apoptosis, (2) increasing signal-to-noise characteristics of intracellular ROS signaling pathways (e.g. lipoxygenases, growth factor and transcription factors), (3) heat-related alteration of enzyme kinetics and (4) promotion of cell depolarization (activation of heat-gated ion channels).
Application of lasers in atmospheric probing

Abstract A survey on the direct measurement of atmospheric parameters by laser technique is given. Light interactions, which includes Mie, Rayleigh, resonance-fluorescence, and Raman scattering, and light absorption, have been used for the laser probing of atmospheric constituents, temperature profiles, and aerosol distributions. Some basic parameters of the laser radar system, namely, laser light source, photodetector system, atmospheric transmittance, and sky radiation, are discussed. The performance and capability of some existing laser radar systems and some possible future systems are also discussed.
Synthesis and crystallographic characterization of a gallium salicylaldimine complex of radiopharmaceutical interest

The synthesis and structural characterization of the Ga complex of 1,1,1-tris((5-methoxysalicylaldimino)methyl)ethane is reported. The ligand affords an uncharged gallium complex with a crystallographic 3-fold axis passing through the Ga atom and the ethyl carbon atoms. The ligand occupies all 6 coordination sites about the metal by bonding through the lone pairs of the 3 imino N atoms and the three deprotonated phenolic 0 atoms. The Ga-N and Ga-O bond lengths lie in the range of values reported for octahedral Ga(III) complexes. The C-N, C-O, and C-C bond are identical to those reported for the Co(III) complex of cic,cis-1,3,5-tris(salicylaldimino)cyclohexane, Co((sal)/sub 3/tach). The smaller twist angle of the gallium complex (52.4/sup 0/) can be attributed to the greater flexibility of the ligand the absence for d/sup 10/ Ga of a ligand field stabilization energy which favors antiprismatic geometry for the Co(III) complex. 37 references, 1 figure, 1 table.
Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer: What Can Nurses Do?

The median survival of patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer is three to six months, making the diagnosis difficult to accept for patients, family, and healthcare providers. Therapeutic options are improving, but the treatment of advanced disease remains palliative. For oncology nurses, understanding the therapeutic and palliative options can provide these patients and their caregivers with additional information to make appropriate and individualized healthcare decisions.
Temperature dependence of micro-yielding and the transition to macro-strain for tungsten

Abstract Micro-strain in polycrystalline tungsten was found to be dependent on the square of applied stress from 4·2°K to 298°K for a wide range of impurity and dislocation content. Source activation was consistent with the double kink nucleation mechanism above 78°K and below this temperature the possibility of stress activated dislocation tunnelling was considered. The energy barrier associated with the Peierls hills was determined to be ≅0·85 ev. The transition from micro-strain to macro-strain was governed by the dynamic interaction of mobile dislocations with the b.c.c. tungsten lattice and with random impurities.
Effects of bladder distension on organs at risk in 3D image-based planning of intracavitary brachytherapy for cervical cancer.

Purpose To investigate the effects of bladder distension on organs at risk (OARs) in the image-based planning of intracavitary brachytherapy for cervical cancer. Methods and Materials Thirteen patients with cancer of the cervix were treated with high-dose radiation brachytherapy (800 cGy/fraction for 3 fractions). For the three-dimensional (3D) analysis, pelvic CT scans were obtained from patients with indwelling catheters in place (defined as empty bladder) and from patients who received 180-cc injections of sterile water in their bladders (defined as full bladder). To compare the International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements (ICRU) point doses with 3D-volume doses, the volume dose was defined by using two different criteria, D2cc (the minimum dose value in a 2.0-cm3 volume receiving the highest dose) and D50% (the dose received by 50% of the volume of the OAR) for OARs. Results The bladder D2cc was located more cranially in the bladder base and was distributed in multiple spots in 46% of patients. The rectal D2cc was located in the area of the ICRU point as a single “hot spot.” For patients with a full bladder, the mean bladder D2cc increased from 634 to 799 cGy (28.8%, p = 0.002). However, the bowel D2cc decreased from 475 to 261 cGy (45.0%, p Conclusions An increase in bladder volume resulted in a significant reduction in bowel D2cc values at the expense of an increase in bladder D2cc values. Treatment with a distended bladder is preferable to protect the bowel.
Early Comprehension Instruction for Spanish-Speaking English Language Learners: Teaching Text-Level Reading Skills while Maintaining Effects on Word-Level Skills.

This study investigated the effects of three instructional conditions on precursors to successful reading for Spanish-speaking English language learners (ELL). The study was conducted using a randomized, alternate treatment control group design specifically targeting phonological awareness (PA) listening comprehension (LC), and decoding in a sample of ELL (N= 82) including students who were and were not at risk for later reading failure. Two randomly assigned experimental intervention groups and one treatment control group were created to test the effectiveness of three instructional interventions that differed in the relative amount of time used for instructing the word- and text-level targeted skills. Specifically, the two experimental intervention groups received different doses of LC relative to PA instruction, creating a LC Concentration group and a PA Concentration group. The treatment control group received only PA and alphabet knowledge instruction (word-level skills). Results indicated that both at-risk and not-at-risk ELLs in the LC Concentration group outperformed students in the other groups on almost all measures, including PA skills, despite minimal amounts of instructional time-targeting word-level skills. These data extend the existing literature by lending empirical support to the use of a LC component in early reading interventions for young ELL.