cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Potential Applicability of Nonclonogenic Measurements to Clinical Oncology

A number of assays are currently under evaluation for their potential usefulness in the selection of new chemotherapeutic agents or as predictive indicators for use in the design of optimal cancer treatment. Assays fall under the general categories of tumor cell survival, treatment-induced cellular damage, and determination of inherent tumor factors which includes tumor cell kinetics, tumor oxygenation, and measurement of specific biochemical systems. While technical advances to optimize these assays are continuing, possible inter- and intra-tumor cell variability to anticancer treatment modalities may complicate the interpretation and subsequent use of these assays. Regardless of their ultimate usefulness as clinical predictors, these assays will be extremely valuable in better characterizing and understanding the cell biology and biochemistry of human malignancies.
Random fluctuations, persistence, and quasi-persistence in geophysical and cosmical periodicities: A sequel

The method of Chree analysis (superposed epochs) has been used in many disciplines, including geophysics, astrophysics, and solar-terrestrial relationships. However, procedures to test the statistical significance of the results obtained thereby have not been available heretofore. Claims for statistical reality of average variations (from Chree analyses or otherwise) are unacceptable without testing the assumption that deviations from the average variation are random and sequentially independent. In many phenomena this assumption is not valid. One objective of this paper is to expand established methods for the analysis of variance in order to provide a statistical procedure for testing the Chree analysis result from data with nonrandom deviations from average. In addition, the statistical method developed by Bartels (1935) to determine the quasi-persistency of deviations from average signals in the form of sine waves is also applied to the Chree analysis problem. The two alternative procedures for evaluating the significance of Chree analysis results (or variations otherwise obtained) are then compared to determine the circumstances under which one of them may be preferable.
Media and entertainment 2010 scenario: the open media company of the future

The meta‐trends that are revolutionizing the media and entertainment industry are also rocking other industries. Many industries can learn from this IBM Consulting article’s presentation of trends, its recommended new business model and a scenario of what the industry will be like in the year 2010. The dilemma: digital technology that enables customers to easily copy and distribute new offerings threatens the economics of the industry but also opens new business frontiers. The need: to create an open media company. The closed and proprietary media and entertainment business models of years past will give way to open media business strategies that will enable forward‐looking companies to exploit significant opportunities for profitability within these trends. The economics: while, at present, digital technologies, such as those that permit easy copying, undermine the traditional economics of the media business they also can create new business models and opportunities. New digital technologies will support improved business intelligence, thus enabling the open media firm to identify higher‐value business components and assets. In the uncertain markets described in the scenario, companies will employ advanced data analytics to adapt and respond to changing conditions. Digital management capabilities will likely become a core competency and differentiator. The guidelines: ten strategic guidelines for players evolving toward becoming the open media company of the future are offered.
Variation of elastic constants with moisture in soapstone

The literature on elastic constants of rocks hardly mentions the possibility of a variation of these constants with the varying moisture-content of the specimens. The present paper proposes no precision value for the elastic constants of soapstone, nor does it offer a new method for elastic-constants determinations, nor does it even aim toward the high precision of past and present investigators in this important field. The paper is presented merely to suggest the possibility that the elastic constants of rocks, or at least of some rocks, might vary over a wide range as an effect of their moisture-content.
New ways of city viewing

This paper investigates the emergence of the film montage method as a new form of urban representation during the early part of the 20th century. Interest is focused on the development of film montage as a vehicle for a new modem consciousness which has evolved out of a rapidly changing urban environment. Montage is analysed as a revolutionary way of perceiving the city and comparable examples from our time are sought in urban design representations.
Pathologic T0N1 Esophageal Cancer After Neoadjuvant Therapy and Surgery: An Orphan Status

Background Patients with esophageal carcinoma who appear to have a complete response at the primary tumor site after undergoing neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy may still have residual disease in regional lymph nodes despite clinically negative restaging (ypT0N1). We hypothesized that these patients would have similar survival to patients with incomplete response to therapy. Methods We reviewed 336 esophageal cancer patients who received neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy followed by complete resection. We identified 20 patients who obtained complete pathologic response at the primary tumor with persistent metastatic disease to regional lymph nodes (ypT0N1). These patients were compared to 123 patients with pathologic complete response and 193 with partial response for overall survival. Results Demographics among the three groups of patients were similar except that this cohort of patients with ypT0N1 had higher initial clinical stage (p = 0.013) and had more squamous cell carcinoma pathology (p = 0.005). Eighty-six percent of the ypT0N1 patients who had modern preoperative staging were felt to have clinical complete response. Five-year survival of ypT0N1 patients was intermediate, similar to pathologic partial response stage II patients in both the sixth and seventh editions of the American Joint Committee on Cancer staging criteria. Conclusions Clinical staging of complete response to chemoradiotherapy may not translate to pathologic complete response. Patients with ypT0N1 disease at resection have intermediate but reasonable survival, justifying an aggressive approach to curative therapy. Future revisions of the staging system should place this group of patients with patients who have metastatic regional lymph nodes, stratified by number of nodes involved.
Biology: What One Needs To Know

. Biology on this planet represents an astonishing experiment in carbon-based chemistry which, over billions of years, has generated billions of species adapted to countless major and minor fluctuations in ecological circumstances. In one sense there is no way to generalize about biology. While biological activities can all be ultimately explained by physical laws (like everything else in the universe), it is the emergent intensely particular properties of organisms that most interest us. This essay represents an attempt to describe some of the more prominent patterns that emerge from the sea of biological particularities, patterns that present many opportunities for religous reflection.
Dopamine Depresses Minute Ventilation in Patients With Heart Failure

Background—Low-dose dopamine is frequently used in patients in the intensive care setting. Dopamine may inhibit chemoreceptor afferents and hence decrease chemoreflex sensitivity to hypoxia. Methods and Results—In a double-blind, randomized, crossover study, we determined the effects of dopamine (5 μg · kg−1 · min−1) and placebo infusion on oxygen saturation, minute ventilation, and sympathetic nerve activity during normoxia and 5 minutes of hypoxia in 10 normal young subjects. We further investigated the effects of dopamine and placebo on minute ventilation during normoxic breathing in 8 patients with severe heart failure and in 8 age-matched control subjects. Dopamine did not decrease minute ventilation during normoxia in normal subjects. During hypoxia, minute ventilation was 12.9±1.3 L/min on dopamine and 15.8±1.5 L/min on placebo (P<0.0001). Oxygen saturation during hypoxia was lower with dopamine (78±3%) than placebo (84±2%; P<0.0001). Sympathetic nerve activity during hypoxia was not enhanced with ...
Comparison of laparoscopic imaging systems and conditions using a knot‐tying task

Pilot experiments to determine the important factors in the engineering of laparoscopic (videoscopic) imaging systems are described in this paper. In the first set of experiments, three videoscopic systems were compared by using a knot-tying task: monoscopic, monoscopic with digital contrast enhancement, and stereoscopic. Direct viewing was used as a control. In both experienced and novice subject groups, no difference was found in completion time or errors between the videoscopic conditions. Performance with direct viewing was significantly better, however, indicating that there are factors in videoscopic imaging that degrade perception or distort the relationship between vision and motor response. In the second set of experiments, the effects of contrast and spatial resolution were examined by varying working distance and camera exposure while experienced subjects tied knots on high- and low-contrast surfaces. Good contrast was found to be most important at longer working distances. This result shows that performance of knot tying, a complex task, is affected by contrast sensitivity, which is a fundamental property of human vision.
Plant Virus Metagenomics: Biodiversity and Ecology

Viral metagenomics is the study of viruses in environmental samples, using next generation sequencing that produces very large data sets. For plant viruses, these studies are still relatively new, but are already indicating that our current knowledge grossly underestimates the diversity of these viruses. Some plant virus studies are using thousands of individual plants so that each sequence can be traced back to its precise host. These studies should allow for deeper ecological and evolutionary analyses. The finding of so many new plant viruses that do not cause any obvious symptoms in wild plant hosts certainly changes our perception of viruses and how they interact with their hosts. The major difficulty in these (as in all) metagenomic studies continues to be the need for better bioinformatics tools to decipher the large data sets. The implications of this new information on plant viruses for international agriculture remain to be addressed.
Inward Spread of Activation in Twitch Skeletal Muscle Fibers

The sections in this article are: 1 Inward Spread of the Excitatory Process 1.1 Development of the Problem 1.2 Role of the Action Potential 1.3 New Facts and Theories 1.4 Morphological Evidence 1.5 Hypothesis 1.6 Morphological Corroboration 2 Mechanism of Inward Spread of Activation 2.1 Some Physiological Properties of the T-Tubule System 2.2 Some Electrophysiological Properties of the T-Tubule System 2.3 Mechanism of Inward Spread of the Excitatory Process
Transcriptional interplay among the regulators Rrp2, RpoN and RpoS in Borrelia burgdorferi.

The RpoN–RpoS alternative sigma factor pathway is essential for key adaptive responses by Borrelia burgdorferi, particularly those involved in the infection of a mammalian host. A putative response regulator, Rrp2, is ostensibly required for activation of the RpoN-dependent transcription of rpoS. However, questions remain regarding the extent to which the three major constituents of this pathway (Rrp2, RpoN and RpoS) act interdependently. To assess the functional interplay between Rrp2, RpoN and RpoS, we employed microarray analyses to compare gene expression levels in rrp2, rpoN and rpoS mutants of parental strain 297. We identified 98 genes that were similarly regulated by Rrp2, RpoN and RpoS, and an additional 47 genes were determined to be likely regulated by this pathway. The substantial overlap between genes regulated by RpoS and RpoN provides compelling evidence that these two alternative sigma factors form a congruous pathway and that RpoN regulates B. burgdorferi gene expression through RpoS. Although several known B. burgdorferi virulence determinants were regulated by the RpoN–RpoS pathway, a defined function has yet to be ascribed to most of the genes substantially regulated by Rrp2, RpoN and RpoS.
BIOCHEMICAL STUDIES ON THE VIRUS AND THE INCLUSION BODIES OF SILKWORM JAUNDICE.

Silkworm jaundice virus is stable only between pH 5 and about pH 9. The fact that polyhedral bodies retain virus activity after exposure to hydrogen ion concentrations as high as pH 2 is regarded as being due to the protection of virus occluded within the bodies. Further evidence on this point is furnished by experiments on the activity of the polyhedra when treated with antiformin-formalin and when treated with 1 per cent sodium dodecyl sulfate. Free jaundice virus is inactivated by 36 per cent urea, 36 per cent guanidine, or 1 per cent sodium dodecyl sulfate. A purified preparation, active at a concentration of 10–12 gm. per cc., consisting essentially of a nucleoprotein component having a sedimentation constant of 17 S, a particle diameter of 10 mµ, and a molecular weight of about 300,000, was obtained from the polyhedra-free blood of jaundiced silkworms. However, a component having a sedimentation constant of 16 S was demonstrated in the blood of normal worms. This component, the material from diseased blood, and polyhedral bodies, were found to contain serologically related material. Absorption of material from diseased blood with antiserum induced by a preparation from normal blood yielded a substance having a sedimentation constant of 17 S, which reacted strongly only with antiserum to material from diseased blood. This fact, and especially the fact that the inoculation of normal blood does not produce jaundice, demonstrates that a difference must exist between the purified material from diseased worms and that from normal ones. Chemical analyses of the purified virus material and of the polyhedral bodies also showed certain differences, although both probably represent nucleoproteins. Examination by means of the electron microscope showed further differences.
'This is De Test": Festival and the Cultural Politics of Nation Building in the British Virgin Islands

In this discussion of an annual festival commemorating emancipation in the British Virgin Islands I examine the interconnections among concrete social and political structures and circumstances and the contingent histories put into play in moves to constitute a sense of national identity. By focusing on a competition between bands from two neighboring but politically distinct islands, I map a complex "national" identity that crosscuts local, regional, and global affiliations. I also elucidate broader questions about identity formation in a transnational context. [British Virgin Islands, Caribbean, national identity, festival, transnationalism, creolization, citizenship)
International Migration: Migration, the Environment, and Climate Change*

In 1990, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) warned that significant levels of migration could occur as a result of changing climatic conditions. This was not the first time, however, that the nexus between migration and the environment was a topic of international attention. The concept of environmental migration proved to be controversial, largely because of the difficulty in measuring the extent to which environmental factors compel people to move. Since the 1980s, when the term “environmental refugees” was coined (El-Hinnawi 1985), experts within the environmental and migration fields have differed in their characterization of the phenomenon. Dun and Gemmene (2008) places those concerned with the interconnections in two groups – alarmists and skeptics. The alarmists see the environment as a principal cause of population movements, emphasize the forced nature of the migration (hence, the term “refugee”), and often project that hundreds of millions of persons will be affected, frequently without differentiating between those who will move short distances to safer ground versus those who will move thousands of miles to new countries. The skeptics , by contrast, raise questions about the models used to generate estimates of those who will be forced to migrate and emphasize that pull factors in destination locations are often more important than push factors at home in determining whether, where, and in what volume people will migrate. Perhaps it is not surprising that some environmentalists have been particularly alarmist, often using the threat of mass migration as a reason that immediate action should be taken to address climate change and other environmental problems. Migration experts, concerned about a potential backlash against migrants, and misuse of terms like refugee (carefully defined in international law) have tended to join the camp of the skeptics.
Mathematical and physical modelling of doublediffusive convection of aqueous solutions crystallizing at a vertical wall

Solidification of a double-diffusive liquid from a vertical wall in a rectangular cavity is investigated using both mathematical and physical modelling. A two-dimensional mathematical model is developed to simulate the process of solidification in a two-component liquid containing a denser solute. Observations on the solidification behaviour of aqueous sodium carbonate solutions are used to verify the results of the mathematical analysis. The theory and experiments provide a clear picture of the role of double-diffusion in producing vertical compositional and density stratification in an initially homogeneous liquid during solidification. The development of horizontally oriented convection cells in the stratified liquid is correlated with the magnitude of the destabilizing lateral temperature difference across the liquid region.
Understanding the Relationship Between Age and Thyroid Cancer

Unique among malignancies, age is a key prognostic indicator for well-differentiated thyroid cancer. Patients aged 45. Although the reason for the association between age and outcome is not entirely clear, it does imply that there is something intrinsic to either the cancer or the treatment that is age dependent. This article explores the characteristics of the normal thyroid and thyroid cancer that are age dependent. It then provides theories for the relationship between advanced age and poor prognosis, in addition to treatment options tailored to age at diagnosis.
Salvage Systemic Therapy for Advanced Urothelial Carcinoma: On the Cusp of a Sea Change?

This commentary addresses salvage therapy of advanced urothelial carcinoma and the importance of prognostic classification. Patients should be referred to one of the important clinical trials of salvage therapy rather than treatment with marginally active chemotherapeutic agents.
New Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised Algorithms for Toddlers and Young Preschoolers from 12 to 47 Months of Age

Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (Rutter et al. in Autism diagnostic interview-revised. Western Psychological Services, Los Angeles, 2003) diagnostic algorithms specific to toddlers and young preschoolers were created using 829 assessments of children aged from 12 to 47 months with ASD, nonspectrum disorders, and typical development. The participants were divided into three more homogeneous groups by language level and age. Items that best differentiated the diagnostic groups were selected and arranged into domains based on multifactor item-response analyses. Using the new algorithms for toddlers and preschool children, we were able to improve sensitivity and specificity compared to the previously developed algorithm.
Synthesizing feature agents using evolutionary computation

In this paper, genetic programming (GP) with smart crossover and smart mutation is proposed to discover integrated feature agents that are evolved from combinations of primitive image processing operations to extract regions-of-interest (ROIs) in remotely sensed images. The motivation for using genetic programming is to overcome the limitations of human experts, since GP attempts many unconventional ways of combination, in some cases, these unconventional combinations yield exceptionally good results. Smart crossover and smart mutation identify and keep the effective components of integrated operators called "agents" and significantly improve the efficiency of GP. Our experimental results show that compared to normal GP, our GP algorithm with smart crossover and smart mutation can find good agents more quickly during training to effectively extract the regions-of-interest and the learned agents can be applied to extract ROIs in other similar images.
A new Nearctic species of Barylypa (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae)

Barylypa postpetiolis is described as new. It occurs from Michigan and Ontario south to South Carolina.
Historical shifts and underlying themes in ideas about rearing young children in the United States: Where have we been? Where are we going?

Common themes in ideas about rearing infants and young children in the United States can be traced from the nation's beginnings to the present day. These themes include a strong concern about child rearing; a belief that human beings are perfectible through better child rearing; an eagerness by parents to listen to the advice of ‘experts’; a belief that infants and young children should be educated in schools or day-care centers by experts, competing with the belief that infants belong at home with their mothers; a commitment to social reform, competing with the conviction that families should be autonomous. These themes provide a background for contemporary research, political controversy, and future discussion concerning how children should be reared. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dynamics and symmetries of a field partitioned by an accelerated frame.

The canonical evolution and symmetry generators are exhibited for a Klein-Gordon (KG) system which has been partitioned by an accelerated coordinate frame into a pair of subsystems. This partitioning of the KG system is conveyed to the canonical generators by the eigenfunction property of the Minkowski Bessel (MB) modes. In terms of the MB degrees of freedom, which are unitarily related to those of the Minkowski plane waves, a near complete diagonalization of these generators can be realized.
Different Expression of 11β-Hydroxylase and Aldosterone Synthase Between Aldosterone-Producing Microadenomas and Macroadenomas

Aldosterone-producing adenoma is a major subtype of primary aldosteronism. The number of cases of these adenomas, which are below the detection limit of computed tomography but diagnosed by adrenal venous sampling, has recently been increasing. However, the pathophysiology of these adenomas, especially those manifesting clinically overt hyperaldosteronism despite their small size, remains unknown. Therefore, we examined the correlation between tumor size and the status of intratumoral steroidogenic enzymes involved in aldosterone biosynthesis using immunohistochemistry. Forty patients with surgically proven aldosterone-producing adenomas were retrospectively studied. Multidetector computed tomography, adrenal venous sampling, and laparoscopic adrenalectomy were performed in all of the patients studied. The tumor area at the maximum diameter of the sections was precisely measured by ImageJ software. The status of the steroidogenic enzymes was immunohistochemically analyzed, and the findings were evaluated according to the H-score system, based on both the number of immunopositive cells and relative immunointensity. Adrenal masses were not detected by computed tomography in 20 patients. Blood pressure, plasma aldosterone concentration, urinary aldosterone excretion, and the number of antihypertensive agents also decreased significantly after the surgery in these patients, as well as in the patients with adenomas detectable by computed tomography. Maximum tumor area obtained in the specimens was significantly correlated with preoperative plasma aldosterone concentration, urinary aldosterone excretion, and the H score of 11β-hydroxylase and was inversely correlated with the H score of aldosterone synthase. These results demonstrated that small adenomas could produce sufficient aldosterone to cause clinically overt primary aldosteronism because of the significantly higher aldosterone synthase expression per tumor area.
Three-dimensional ultrasound inversion rendering technique facilitates the diagnosis of hydrosalpinx.

Purpose. To test the utility of three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound (US) inversion rendering technique in the evaluation of fluid-distended fallopian tubes. Methods. Fifty-two patients with fluid-filled adnexal masses suspected of being abnormal fallopian tubes were scanned by two-dimensional and 3D transvaginal ultrasound (TVUS). Six patients had bilateral disease. The acquired volumes were then “inverted” to display a cast-like appearance of the fluid-filled structures. The ipsilateral ovaries were identified in all patients. Five patients had acute tubal disease. Results. Fifty-two of the 58 inversion renderings yielded acceptable images of hydrosalpinges. Only in four patients were the two-dimensional images more informative than the 3D-rendered and inverted views. In nine patients adjacent corpora lutea, ovarian cysts, and follicles within normal ovaries were also identified, but appeared separate from the fluid-filled tubes. The tubes in the patients with acute disease were all successfully inverted. Conclusions. The 3D inversion technique is a simple and effective way to render fluid-filled spaces, which may be tortuous and follow various directions. The rendered images increased the confidence in diagnosing hydrosalpinx. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 38:372-376, 2010
Oak Regeneration Before and After Initial Restoration Efforts in a Tall Grass Oak Savanna Conference Paper

Unsuccessful oak (Quercus spp.) regeneration could result in losses of the rarer portions of the midwestern North American oak savanna region, including the tall grass oak savannas. We undertook this study to understand the effects of restoration on promoting growth of naturally occurring Q. alba seedlings in a degraded tall grass oak savanna in Iowa, USA. Initial restoration efforts, which involved mechanical removal of encroaching overstory trees, promoted positive increases in height and basal diameter of Q. alba seedlings in canopy gaps. Conversely, seedlings growing under Q. alba tree canopies in restoration areas and seedlings in control areas failed to display height and diameter increases. As seedlings were most abundant beneath Q. alba canopy trees, this created a dichotomy whereby seedling source (beneath canopies) and proper conditions for growth (in canopy gaps) were not one in the same. Although this restoration is still in its early stages, these results suggest that Q. alba regeneration may be successfully promoted at this site.
Rational dental care: part 2. A case history.

© J Can Dent Assoc 2006; 72(5):447-52 This article has been peer reviewed. Treatment planning and managing the care of an elderly, frail patient can be complicated by a variety of modifying factors. To understand the patient’s needs, one must understand the environment in which the patient functions. This second in a series of 2 articles presents a case history of a frail, older adult to illustrate some of the social, medical and community problems that are involved in caring for elderly persons.
Study of cohesion and adhesion properties of asphalt concrete with molecular dynamics simulation

Abstract The objectives of this study is to develop a molecular modeling approach for studying cohesive and adhesive properties of asphalt concrete and evaluate the accuracy of modeling through comparisons with experimental data. Fully atomistic models were built for molecular dynamics (MD) simulation considering two representative asphalt models and two types of aggregate mineral. MD simulations were performed to study thermodynamic and cohesive properties of asphalt binder, such as density, solubility parameter, cohesive energy density, and surface free energy. The adhesion properties were investigated by calculating the interaction energy and the work of adhesion at asphalt–aggregate interface for the first time. The bond energy parameters in dry and wet conditions were used to evaluate moisture sensitivity of interface adhesion. The results show that van der Waals force plays critical role for cohesive properties of asphalt binder; while the adhesion bonding between asphalt to aggregate is largely dependent on the type of aggregate mineral (silica or calcite) in both dry and wet surface conditions. The effect of asphalt type was found significant for the adhesion between asphalt and silica at the relatively small moisture content. The simulation results agree well with experimental measurements reported in the literature. This work illustrates MD can help in understanding fundamental chemo-mechanics relationship of asphalt concrete at an atomistic scale, which can be used as a useful tool for material design and performance prediction.
Gas Turbine Failure due to Water Wash and Extraction Line Blockage

A Hot Gas Path Inspection (HGPI) of GE Co-Generation train revealed an extensive failure of the turbine blades and vanes in the first, second, third stages and combustion chamber cross firing tubes. Subsequent investigation effort indicated that commissioning activities of associated compressor water wash system allowed large volumes of water to penetrate the compressor and combustion chamber due to improper instrumentation interlock configuration of MOV-20TW-1 (Offline compressor water wash motor operated valve) and MOV-20TW-3 (Online compressor water wash motor operated valve). The field wiring for the valves was incorrectly interchanged causing the offline water wash valves to be operated while commanding the online water wash valves to operate and vice-versa. Compressor water wash system is typically used to remove fouling deposits from compressor components to maintain the equipment efficiency, power output and reduce corrosion rate. Vendor recommends daily online water wash while the offline water wash shall be performed whenever the equipment is not working. As a result, cross firing tubes were exposed to sudden quenching during the water wash activities causing tube fragmentation, which found its way through the exhaust stream to the turbine chamber — colliding with associated buckets and nozzles — eventually resulting in the reported damage. Water seeped into the air extraction line and settled in the dryer skid system, resulting in desiccant contamination. Following turbine shutdown for correcting the instrumentation loop configurations of subject MOVs, the contaminated desiccant flowed to the combustion chamber, blocking the extraction line and the drain lines. After successful configuration of compressor water wash system MOVs, the turbine was put back in operation mode. The contaminated desiccant blocked the air passage of the combustion chamber, which consequently melted the cross firing tubes and contributed to the overheating of first stage buckets. Investigation concluded that the inadequate pre-commissioning procedure — for the Co-Generation train compressor water wash interlock system — were the root cause behind the subject incident. The immediate cause was determined to be water penetration to the compressors and combustion chamber internals during machine operation.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Beat Vibration Analysis of 1 400 m Cable Stayed Bridge under Flutter Critical State

In the process of full bridge aeroelastic wind tunnel test of 1400m cable stayed bridge, beat vibration phenomenon was found under flutter critical state,which is rarely occurred in the other shorter bridges. For the purpose of exploring the mechanism and demonstrating the rationality of this phenomenon,some dynamic character analysis was carried out in this paper. The analysis result show that, mode distribution seems more intensive and the intervals between every tow modes become more narrowly. For all these above reasons,the occurrence possibility of beat vibration increases. Furthermore,the further research demonstrate that,comparing with Sutong Bridge,the dynamic characters of 1400m cable stayed bridge scheme presents to be more complex so that some vibration modes which are adjacent to the flutter critical frequency can be excited by flutter vibration. Thus,the beat vibration occurred under flutter critical state.
Architecture of immunization information management system and its implementation in Hubei

Objective To explore the outcome of the model for immunization information management system.Methods On the basis of modular design,system analysis method,computer technology,network technology and communication technology,the system architecture,server systems and network architecture for immunization information management system were designed.Results Hubei immunization information management system architecture was consisted of five platforms and three systems,they worked together to support the task;Server system design was on the ground of the three-level logical architecture: "WEB server-Application server-database server".The network architecture system,after nearly a year of trial and improvement,showed that the system was stable,easy to use and fully functional.Conclusions The system design was reasonable,advanced,and the results were satisfactory,it could meet the need of immunization information management system in Hubei.
Impact of Ureteroscopy Before Nephroureterectomy for Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma on Oncologic Outcomes.

Objective To compare the oncologic outcomes of patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma undergoing nephroureterectomy (NU) with and without prior ureteroscopy (URS). Methods We reviewed records of all patients with no prior history of bladder cancer who underwent NU at our institution (n = 201). We compared patients who underwent URS before NU with patients who proceeded directly to NU based on imaging alone. After excluding patients undergoing URS with therapeutic intent, we used multivariable Cox proportional hazards models, adjusting for tumor characteristics with cancer-specific survival (CSS), intravesical recurrence-free survival, metastasis-free survival (MFS), and overall survival (OS) as end points. This study received institutional review board approval. Results A total of 144 (72%) patients underwent URS before NU, and 57 (28%) patients proceeded directly to NU. The median follow-up time for survivors was 5.4 years from diagnosis. The performance of diagnostic URS before NU was significantly associated with IR (hazard ratio 2.58; 95% CI 1.47, 4.54; P = .001), although it was not associated with CSS, MFS, or OS. The adjusted intravesical recurrence-free survival probability 3 years after diagnosis is 71% and 42% for patients who did not and did receive URS before NU, respectively (adjusted risk difference 30%; 95% CI 13%, 47%). Conclusion We did not find evidence that URS adversely impacts disease progression and survival in patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma. Although patients are at higher risk for IR after NU when they have undergone prior diagnostic URS, their CSS, MFS, and OS are not significantly affected.
Eye-tracking and corpus-based analyses of syntax-semantics interactions in complement coercion

Previous work has shown that the difficulty associated with processing complex semantic expressions is reduced when the critical constituents appear in separate clauses as opposed to when they appear together in the same clause. We investigated this effect further, focusing in particular on complement coercion, in which an event-selecting verb (e.g., began) combines with a complement that represents an entity (e.g., began the memo). Experiment 1 compared reading times for coercion versus control expressions when the critical verb and complement appeared together in a subject-extracted relative clause (SRC) (e.g., The secretary that began/wrote the memo) compared to when they appeared together in a simple sentence. Readers spent more time processing coercion expressions than control expressions, replicating the typical coercion cost. In addition, readers spent less time processing the verb and complement in SRCs than in simple sentences; however, the magnitude of the coercion cost did not depend on sentence structure. In contrast, Experiment 2 showed that the coercion cost was reduced when the complement appeared as the head of an object-extracted relative clause (ORC) (e.g., The memo that the secretary began/wrote) compared to when the constituents appeared together in an SRC. Consistent with the eye-tracking results of Experiment 2, a corpus analysis showed that expressions requiring complement coercion are more frequent when the constituents are separated by the clause boundary of an ORC compared to when they are embedded together within an SRC. The results provide important information about the types of structural configurations that contribute to reduced difficulty with complex semantic expressions, as well as how these processing patterns are reflected in naturally occurring language.
Influence of lipopolysaccharide-induced immune challenge and diet complexity on growth performance and acute-phase protein production in segregated early-weaned pigs.

Segregated early-weaned pigs (initially 4.0 kg and 14 +/- 1.5 d of age) were used to quantify the effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced immune challenge and nursery diet complexity (complex, medium, and simple) on growth performance and haptoglobin production. Three treatments of immune challenge consisted of pigs given ad libitum access to feed (control), challenged with LPS and given ad libitum access to feed (LPS-challenged), or pair-fed to receive the same amount of feed as the LPS-challenged pigs (pair-fed). The absence of interactions (P > .10) between diet complexity and immune challenge with LPS indicated that the responses were independent. Control pigs were the heaviest (P < .01), LPS-challenged the lightest (P < .01), and pair-fed intermediate in weight on d 18 after weaning. Approximately two thirds of the decreased growth of LPS-challenged pigs was due to decreased ADFI and one third was due to decreased feed efficiency (G/F). Pigs fed the complex diet were heaviest (P < .05), and pigs fed the simple diet were lightest (P < .05) on d 18 after weaning. The increased growth of pigs fed the complex compared with those fed the medium diet was due to the increased ADFI of the former. The decreased growth of pigs fed the simple diet compared with those fed the medium or complex diets was due to both decreased ADFI and G/F. The LPS-challenged pigs had increased (P < .01) haptoglobin concentrations, suggesting that inflammatory cytokine production was higher in immune-challenged pigs. These data suggest that LPS immune challenge caused decreased growth by decreasing ADFI and altering nutrient partitioning and that growth responses to diet complexity are independent of immune challenge.
Antithrombotic potential of the contact activation pathway.

Purpose of review This report examines the mechanism(s) by which each protein of the contact activation system - factor XII (FXII), high-molecular-weight kininogen, and prekallikrein - influences thrombosis risk. Recent findings FXII generates thrombin through contact activation via interaction with artificial surfaces as on medical instruments such as indwelling catheters, mechanical valves, stents, and ventricular assist devices. Inhibition of FXIIa-mediated contact activation prevents thrombosis under contact activation circumstances without affecting hemostasis. Current studies suggest that high-molecular-weight kininogen deficiency parallels that of FXII and inhibits contact activation. Prekallikrein inhibition contributes to thrombosis prevention by contact activation inhibition in the nylon monofilament model of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion. However, in arterial thrombosis models where reactive oxygen species are generated, prekallikrein deficiency results in downregulation of vessel wall tissue factor generation with reduced thrombin generation. Exploiting this latter prekallikrein pathway for thrombosis risk reduction provides a general, overall reduced tissue factor, antithrombotic pathway without risk for bleeding. Summary These investigations indicate that the proteins of the contact activation and kallikrein/kinin systems influence thrombosis risk by several mechanisms and understanding of these pathway provides insight into several novel targets to prevent thrombosis without increase in bleeding risk.
A feasibility study for an integrated approach to fall prevention in community care: Stay Up and Active in Orange County

Introduction: Falls amongst persons over 60 present significant risks for serious injury or debility. Falls place burdens on Emergency Medical Services (EMS), hospitals, and the adults themselves. Recognizing a need to provide interventions to minimize risk, Orange County Emergency Services (OCES), the Orange County Department on Aging (OCDoA), and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC) partnered to create the Stay Up and Active Program (SUAA). Methods: A streamlined workflow algorithm between the OCES and OCDoA was created and employed to provide falls risk assessment and necessary services. Qualitative techniques were used to assess the need for such a program and its potential impact. A subset of individuals were interviewed three months after the intervention to assess the impact of the intervention on their fall risk. Results: In the first seven months, 478 instances of individuals who called OCES screened positive for falls risk. Of the 478 positive screenings, 55 individuals were identified as having received more than one positive fall screen due to multiple calls. The maximum number of positive screenings by one individual was 14. More women (61.3%) than men screened positive for fall risk. Individuals 88 years of age (6.9%) represented the mode of the individuals with positive screens. Nineteen (4.0%) people who called OCES and received the intervention completed a three month follow up survey. Of the nineteen, 86% (n=16) reported no recurrent fall. Conclusion: The number of individuals who screened positive supports the need for early identification and intervention through EMS. This program identified several challenges connecting older adults with services already available to keep them independent which provided insight to all stakeholders regarding factors that inhibit the program’s success. The program evaluation should continue to provide suggestions for improvement and ensure sustainability.
Retinol Isotope Dilution Is Applied during Restriction of Vitamin A Intake to Predict Individual Subject Total Body Vitamin A Stores at Isotopic Equilibrium

Background Retinol isotope dilution (RID) equations are used to determine vitamin A status and the efficacy of vitamin A intervention programs. Recent work related to RID methods has focused on modifying the "Olson equation" to improve the accuracy of predictions of vitamin A total body stores (TBS) in individual subjects. Objective We investigated the hypothesis that short-term restriction of vitamin A intake would result in accurate RID prediction of vitamin A TBS in individuals. Methods We applied model-based compartmental analysis to a 6-component model derived from published retinol kinetic studies on 12 individuals with a wide range of vitamin A stores and determined vitamin A TBS in the steady state. Then we simulated the impact of eliminating or strictly limiting vitamin A intake at the time of isotope administration, while maintaining plasma retinol homeostasis, on retinol specific activity in plasma (SAp; fraction of dose/μmol retinol) and stores, and we calculated TBS using the simplified RID equation TBS = 0.75 × 1/SAp, where the fractional absorption of tracer was set at 0.75 and SAp was simulated 5 d after dosing. Results When vitamin A intake was zero or strictly limited (0.25 μmol/d), mean TBS predicted by the equation at 5 d after dose administration divided by TBS determined by using the model was 1.00 (range: 0.959-1.04) or 1.02 (range: 0.983 - 1.06), respectively. Conclusions By eliminating or strictly limiting vitamin A input, isotopic equilibrium was reached by 5 d. At isotopic equilibrium, SAp is the same as that in the body's exchangeable vitamin A pools; under these conditions, SAp may be measured at any time from 5 d on and used to calculate TBS.
Multiple acquisition frame-based motion correction for awake monkey PET imaging

Motion correction for PET brain imaging of awake non-human primates (NHP) is necessary if head fixation is not used. Previous studies have used multiple acquisition frame-based motion correction methods for human and small animal studies. Due to rapid motions, this method was extended to awake NHP imaging with the addition of attenuation correction and re-grouping of sub-frames in the algorithm to achieve comparable qualitative and quantitative image quality as in an anesthetized scan. Motion data were acquired with the Vicra system with a synchronization technique that improves the time precision between the list-mode data and the motion data. Using the motion data, the raw list-mode data were framed based on an intra-frame motion threshold (IFMT), above which a new sub-frame begins. Also, a minimal-frame duration threshold was set to eliminate undesirable short sub-frames. Each sub-frame was first reconstructed without attenuation correction, transformed to a reference position, and to this animal's MR template. A transmission image from an anesthetized scan of the same subject was resliced to the reference orientation of the current study, via reslicing to the same MR template, and then transformed to the orientation of each sub-frame. Finally, each sub-frame was re-reconstructed with attenuation correction, and re-grouped into standard time frames. Our work shows that this algorithm is able to generate comparable image quality and quantitative results as in an anesthetized study.
More on Series: Sequences and Series of Functions

We began studying infinite series in Chapter IV. They were used to define the function exp and the sine and cosine functions. Not enough properties of exp and the trigonometric functions were derived in Chapter IV to use them in examples and problems illustrating the theorems on infinite series gathered there. As for the natural logarithm, this function was first defined in a later chapter, so we did not consider its series in Chapter IV. In this chapter, among other things, we fill this gap in our development of introductory analysis. We ask the reader to review the material in Chapter IV.
“A Rose for Emily”: Will the Real Mother Please Stand Up?

Very few of William Faulkner’s characters have childhoods that are happy or indicate some semblance of contentment. David Vanderwerken in Faulkner’s Literary Children: Patterns of Development explo...