cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Rate of Pollen Consumption by Newly Emerged Honeybees

SUMMARYTo determine when bees begin to consume pollen, newly emerged bees were caged on small combs of pollen and sampled every 2 hours for 72 hours. By the time they were 12 hours old, 50% of the bees had consumed a small amount of pollen. The rate of consumption remained at a fairly constant low level until the bees were 40 hours old, after which they began to consume larger amounts of pollen.
Hepatocellular carcinoma: An emerging problem with hepatitis C

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is emerging as a major problem in the United States, primarily due to the development of liver cancer in patients with cirrhosis secondary to the hepatitis C virus. The diagnosis of HCC in patients with underlying cirrhosis can be achieved at an early stage if appropriate diagnostic measures are pursued by primary care physicians and gastroenterologists. African Americans are particularly vulnerable in developing HCC since their response to current therapy for chronic hepatitis C is less than optimal.
Multicultural Education Course Put into Practice.

This study examines the ways in which two teachers who have previously taken a multicultural education course put into practice multicultural teaching in a first grade afterschool program. Banks’ five dimensions of multicultural education are used as the theoretical framework for analyzing past research on multicultural education courses and for understanding the teaching practice of two teachers [see Banks, J. A. (2004). Multicultural education: Historical development, dimensions, and practice. In J. A. Banks & C. A. M. Banks (Eds.), Handbook of research on multicultural education (2nd ed., pp. 3–29). San Francisco, CA: Jossey Bass]. Results of the study indicated that the two teachers were mindful of what they had learned from the multicultural education course and applied their knowledge into practices that are culturally relevant to their students. Recommendations for teacher educators include incorporating a practical component in teaching multicultural education courses such as exposing preservice t...
Individuals with multiple sclerosis redistribute positive mechanical work from the ankle to the hip during walking

Abstract Individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS) typically walk slower, have reduced cadences and shorter step lengths. While these spatiotemporal gait alterations have been thought to be due to decreased power generation at the ankle, the distribution of mechanical work across the ankle, knee and hip joints during walking is not well understood. By quantifying the mechanical work at each joint, the compensatory mechanisms utilized by individuals with MS to maintain gait speed may be better understood. Fifteen subjects with MS (EDSS: 4.4 ± 1.0) and fifteen healthy age-matched control subjects completed a three-dimensional gait analysis. The net mechanical work at the ankle, knee and hip joints was quantified for the stance phase of gait. Our results found that the less impaired leg of the subjects with MS generated a similar amount of mechanical work as the control group; however, the ankle joint produced less positive mechanical work, and the hip joint generated more positive mechanical work. Additionally, the less impaired leg of the subjects with MS and the leg of the control group generated more positive work than the more impaired leg of the subjects with MS. These outcomes suggest that individuals with MS may adopt a hip compensatory strategy with their less impaired leg during gait due to the limited amount of mechanical work generated at the ankle.
Estimation of Multiple Directions

The geometric calculus of Grassmann is applied to problems of multiple signal estimation. It is shown that the natural setting for the r signal estimation problem is the set of r-planes in n space. This object can be considered as a Riemannian space with the selection of an appropriate metric. Further signal estimation can be related to finding the minimum distance and corresponding path from a point in this space to a surface.
Student Perspectives on the Flipped-Classroom Approach and Collaborative Problem-Solving Process:

The flipped-classroom approach has gained increasing popularity and interest in engineering education. The purpose of this study was to investigate (a) student perspectives on the flipped-classroom approach in a transportation-engineering course and (b) how students used the in-class time dedicated to collaborative problem solving. To this end, the study adopted a mixed-methods approach. Quantitative data included an end-of-semester survey and student course grades. Qualitative data included information from focus-group interviews with students and video recordings that demonstrated selected groups’ problem-solving processes. The results indicated that students found their flipped-classroom experience to be generally positive. Students were shown to engage in five types of behaviors during collaborative problem solving: problem analysis or understanding, individually working on problems, comparing individual work, interacting with peers, and interacting with the instructor.
Preparation and Administration of TIARA

This chapter provides guides on how to use the TIARA method, including software requirements, instructions on preparation, and the procedures for administration, compiling, recording, and preparing data for analysis.
The prevalence, risk factors, and outcomes of medication trade-offs in kidney and liver transplant recipients: a pilot study

High out-of-pocket medication costs negatively impact adherence in transplantation. We evaluated the association of "medication trade-offs"-defined as choosing to spend money on other expenses over medications-with medication nonadherence and transplant outcomes. From 2011 to 2012, we performed a prospective study of 201 transplanted recipients (n = 103 liver, n = 98 kidney and) at two large US transplant centers. Structured interviews assessed socio-demographics, medication adherence, and medication trade-offs. Multivariable models assessing risk factors for medications trade-offs and the association between medications trade-offs and post-transplant hospital admissions were performed. A total of 17% of patients reported medication trade-offs; the most common trade-offs were inability to afford a prescription in the past 12 months and making choices between prescriptions and food. In multivariable analysis, insurance type (RR: 2.97, 95% CI: 1.19-7.40), limited health literacy (RR: 2.64, 95% CI: 1.23-5.64), and ≥3 comorbid conditions (RR: 2.48, 95% CI: 1.09-5.62; all P < 0.05) were associated with trade-offs. Patients with trade-offs were more likely to report nonadherence to medications (mean adherence: 77 ± 23% with trade-offs vs. 89 ± 19% without trade-offs, P < 0.01). The presence of medication trade-offs was associated with post-transplant hospital admissions (RR 1.64, 95% CI 1.14-2.35, P < 0.01). Assessments of financial barriers are warranted in clinical practice to identify nonadherence and improve post-transplant outcomes.
Jump2Health Website™ for Head Start parents to promote a healthy home environment: Results from formative research

Background : In US, approximately 23% of children between the ages of 2-5 years are overweight or obese. Parents need access to information to create healthy home environments for obesity prevention, yet participation for in-person education programs is challenging. Web-based interventions are promising educational tools due to 24/7 availability. However, information is limited on their development and evaluation. Design and Methods: This study reports on a rigorous development process that included six focus group discussions (FGD) with stakeholders (three FGD each with parents and teachers) to assess education needs and inform the development of the Jump2Health Website™ by a multidisciplinary team. After development, the Website was evaluated by telephone interviews with stakeholders (five parents and six teachers) and reviewed by an expert panel of five Registered Dietitians. Results : Twenty Head Start parents and 22 Head Start teachers participated in the FGD. To address the needs identified by these stakeholders, the Website was designed to include components that were enabling and motivating, such as descriptions of health benefits by achieving the desired behaviours, short videos on easy meal preparation, and tip sheets on how to achieve healthy behaviours in easy, economical ways. Stakeholder evaluation of the Website indicated that the information was helpful, easy to use, and would be beneficial for parents. Conclusions : The development of Jump2Health Website™ was strengthened by FGD with stakeholders that assessed educational needs. Interviews with stakeholders and an expert panel review showed that the Website may be an effective educational method to teach parents about healthy behaviours related to obesity prevention.
Gas vesicles as collapsible MRI contrast agents

Microbial gas vesicles have been developed for use as MRI contrast agents whose contrast can be inactivated by applying ultrasound waves to collapse the vesicles.
Cut Resistance and Fracture Toughness of High Perfomance Fibers

A study to understand the fundamentals of fiber mechanics during cutting has been conducted. In the current study, high performance organic and inorganic fiber types are examined during different modes of cut testing. The scope of the current study is to explore the relationship between fiber type on cut resistance and to provide comprehension of how fiber structure influences cut behavior. All tests are conducted on single fibers. Fabric architecture parameters such as fiber number, yarn twist, and weave patterns are disregarded to reveal the individual strengths behind the cut resistance of the fibers alone.
Lung tumor RFA: An atlas of periprocedural FDG PET-CT (within 24 hrs) in evaluating residual tumor

1077 Learning Objectives The objective is to demonstrate the utility of periprocedural PET-CT in early evaluation of residual tumor following RFA of lung cancer. Introduction: RFA (radiofrequency ablation) of surgically unresectable lung tumors is an increasingly accepted treatment modality, and its role is still evolving. Although morphologic imaging with CT (and less so MRI) play an important role in the pre-RFA evaluation of patients with suspected lung malignancy, their role in evaluating residual tumor in the periprocedural (within 24 hours post RFA) period is limited due to difficulties in distinguishing malignancy from posttreatment inflammatory morphologic changes. However, recent experience in animal models and patients undergoing hepatic tumor ablation suggest that periprocedural PET-CT may allow earlier detection of residual tumor post ablation, particularly when timed to surmount post-procedure inflammatory responses. Methods: RFA was performed using an AngioDynamic9s StarBurst RFA System (RFA electrode and generator), with all ablations done in accordance with the company9s protocol. Periprocedural PET-CT was performed within 24 hours of RFA, 45-60 minutes following the intravenous administration of 10-15 mCi FDG (370-555 MBq). Images were processed on the MIMvista workstation. Results: The pictorial atlas will emphasize the utility of the seven periprocedural PET-CT scans and its ability to identify residual tumor in the immediate periprocedural time frame. Correlative pre-, peri-, and post-procedural diagnostic CT and PET-CT findings and clinical follow-up will also also be presented. Conclusions: Our observations suggest a very promising role for early evaluation of the adequacy of ablation. Potential benefits include earlier planning for repeat ablations of residual tumor indentified on periprocedural PET-CT
Rethinking Reality: A Layered Model of Reality for Immersive Systems

We introduce the Environment-Augmentation framework and explore how this framework can inform the design of extended reality (i.e., “immersive”) systems and experiences.
Novel Therapies in Acute Myeloid Leukemia.

Abstract Objective To provide a comprehensive review of evidence-based data on the newly approved therapeutic agents in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with regards to appropriate indications for use, efficacy, and safety. Data Sources Published clinical trials and observational studies. Conclusion Optimal treatment decisions for AML should be personalized based on individual patients’ performance status, disease risk as determined by mutational profile, response status, and prior therapies received. While the treatment options have expanded, several questions remain regarding appropriate patient selection, long-term efficacy and safety of these agents, and sequencing of therapies among available options. Implications for Nursing Practice Nurses need to be familiar with the peculiarities of the administration regimens of newer AML therapies, adopt formal monitoring strategies for side effects that are unique to these agents, and develop a framework to facilitate timeliness of follow-up and monitoring while on these therapies.
Functional Mobility in Pediatric and Young Adult Hematopoietic Cell Transplant Patients: A Comparison of the Functional Mobility Score (FMS) and the Karnofsky Performance Status Scale and Lansky Play Performance Scale

Introduction Hematopoietic cell transplants (HCT) are often associated with profound physical deconditioning and decreased functional mobility with resulting decreased participation in mobility and play. Accurately reporting a patients' functional mobility is paramount to identify impairments and provide appropriate intervention. The established standard for evaluating an HCT patient's level of function, based on age, is the Karnofsky Performance Status Scale and the Lansky Play Performance Scale; both report functional capacity and performance of activities of daily living. The functional mobility score (FMS) is a therapist-developed, objective outcome measure for pediatric and young adult HCT patients incorporated into the Transplant Energize Me Patient Outcome (TEMPO) quality improvement project. Objective The aim is to investigate the relationship between the FMS and the Karnofsky Scales and Lansky Scales, including the rating of functional status. Methods The FMS and Karnofsky Scale or Lansky Scale are completed at defined time points during HCT admission and follow-up for HCT. The FMS is a composite score of six functional skills, each scored on a 7-point ordinal scale, completed for patients who are ≥42 months old (Table 1). The cumulative score is converted to a percentage; a higher score represents greater independence with functional mobility and functional skills, similar to the Karnofsky and Lansky scales. This retrospective study investigates those scores completed pre-transplant. Data was analyzed using nonparametric statistics. Results 52 patients transplanted from 2016 to 2019 were included in analysis. The mean ± standard deviation for Karnofsky Scale or Lansky Scale scores at initial assessment were 95.8±6.3%, while the mean FMS score was 91.1±12.0%. There was a significant, but weak, positive correlation between the two measures (r=0.306, p=0.027) (Figure 1). Conclusion The FMS and Karnofsky or Lansky Scales show a weak relationship. Based on preliminary results, additional time point comparisons between the measures may provide further information about functional capacity of this population. Specifically, further investigation is needed to determine if FMS might be a more sensitive measure for capturing functional impairment then the Karnofsky or Lansky Scales.
How Youth Ministry Can Change Theological Education – If We Let It: edited by Kenda Creasy Dean and Christy Lang Hearlson. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 2016. 309 pp., $22.00 (paperback)

As congregations and parishes continue to look for new ways to keep youth engaged in the Christian faith tradition, the youth who are already “hooked on” the truth and beauty of their faith are fin...
CLOZAPINE INDUCED MYOCARDITIS: A RARE BUT DEADLY COMPLICATION

Clozapine is an effective antipsychotic drug in patients with schizophrenia resistant to other treatments. However, it is considered last-line therapy due to potential for serious adverse reactions. Myocarditis, while rare, is a potentially life-threatening event associated with use. A 54 year old
COVID-19 Outbreaks in US Immigrant Detention Centers: The Urgent Need to Adopt CDC Guidelines for Prevention and Evaluation

There have been several significant outbreaks of COVID-19 in federal immigrant detention centers, which lack clear and consistent guidelines across Department of Homeland Security (DHS) agencies to limit the spread of COVID-19. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has issued detailed guidelines for the control, prevention, and evaluation of COVID-19 in detention facilities. Although the DHS's Immigration and Customs Enforcement agency has stated that it complies with CDC recommendations, its policies significantly differ from these CDC guidelines, placing detainees at risk for contracting COVID-19. This submission urges the adoption of CDC guidelines across DHS-associated facilities. Such a policy change has the potential to protect and save the lives of the most vulnerable populations under the auspices of the federal government.
Rheology of Virgin Asphalt Binder Combined with High Percentages of RAP Binder Rejuvenated with Waste Vegetable Oil.

Waste cooking oils (WCOs) show promise as a rejuvenator for reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) binders. Their use helps to make RAP a renewable resource and to address environmental concerns related ...
Beyond Lyα: Constraints and Consistency Tests from the Lyβ Forest

Absorption between the rest-frame wavelengths of 973 and 1026 A in quasar spectra arises from two sources (apart from occasional metals): one is due to Lyα absorption by materials at a low redshift, and the other is from Lyβ at a higher redshift. These two sources of absorption are to a good approximation uncorrelated because of their wide physical separation. Therefore, the two-point correlation of absorption in this region of quasar spectra neatly factorizes into two pieces: the Lyβ correlation at high-z and the Lyα correlation at low-z. The latter can be independently measured from quasar spectra at lower redshifts using current techniques. A simple division then offers a way to statistically separate out the Lyβ two-point correlation from the Lyα correlation. Several applications of this technique are discussed. First, since the Lyβ absorption cross section is lower than Lyα by about a factor of 5, the Lyβ forest is a better probe of the intergalactic medium (IGM) at higher redshifts, where Lyα absorption is often saturated. Second, for the same reason, the Lyβ forest allows a better measurement of the equation of state of the IGM at higher overdensities, yielding stronger constraints on its slope when used in conjunction with the Lyα forest. Third, models of the Lyα forest based on gravitational instability make unique predictions for the Lyβ forest, which can be tested against observations. We briefly point out that feedback processes, which affect higher density regions but leave low-density structure intact, may be better constrained by the Lyβ forest. Finally, extending our technique to the higher Lyman series is, in principle, possible but becomes increasingly difficult because of diminishing path lengths.
Relative Rates of Krypton and Rubidium Release from Zeolite Getters

Zeolites such as sodalite and zeolite A have been used for decades to encapsulate radioactive 85Kr for long-term storage. However, recent reports of zeolite getters removed from hot cells after ove...
Developing a Physician Workforce to Bridge the Gap Between Pediatric and Adult Psychiatric Care

As youth with psychiatric conditions move from adolescence to adulthood, not only do they face developmental challenges, but they also have to negotiate changes to the way they receive care. They must gain understanding of their diagnosis, find new providers, and learn how to independently manage their own health. Pediatric and adult psychiatrists are often left feeling wholly unprepared to navigate these changes with their patients. This chapter details how to educate and train the next generation of physicians so that they might successfully and effectively help youth traverse this period of transition.
Astrocyte Networks as Therapeutic Targets in Glaucomatous Neurodegeneration

Astrocytes are intimately involved in the response to neurodegenerative stress and have become an attractive target for the development of neuroprotective therapies. However, studies often focus on astrocytes as single-cell units. Astrocytes are densely interconnected by gap junctions that are composed primarily of the protein connexin-43 (Cx43) and can function as a broader network of cells. Such networks contribute to a number of important processes, including metabolite distribution and extracellular ionic buffering, and are likely to play an important role in the progression of neurodegenerative disease. This review will focus on the pro-degenerative and pro-survival influence of astrocyte Cx43 in disease progression, with a focus on the roles of gap junctions and hemichannels in the spread of degenerative stress. Finally, we will highlight the specific evidence for targeting these networks in the treatment of glaucomatous neurodegeneration and other optic neuropathies.
Evolution in Prognostication in Myelofibrosis: From IPSS and DIPSS to MIPSS-70 and MYSEC-PM

Introduction In a disease with a wide heterogeneity of outcomes, risk-stratification systems play an important role in treatment decisionmaking and prognostication. Such is the case with Primary Myelofibrosis (PMF) as well as Post-ET/Post-PV Myelofibrosis (ET-MF, PV-MF). Over the last two decades, there has been a proliferation of research designed to help physicians and researchers discriminate among patients who have more indolent disease from those whose life-expectancy is considerably shorter and which merits more aggressive interventions.1 Novel systems take advantage of new technology, like next-generation sequencing. However, the most accurate systems require integration of validated patient data (which can be hard to obtain retrospectively), cytogenetic, genomic and treatment history. This can be a challenging undertaking.
The long-term effects of repeated heroin vapor inhalation during adolescence on measures of nociception and anxiety-like behavior in adult Wistar rats

ABSTRACT The United States continues to experience a public health crisis related to the nonmedical use of opioid drugs. Adolescents represent a vulnerable group due to increased experimentation with illicit substances that is often associated with the adolescent period, and because adolescent drug use can result in long-term effects that differ from those caused by drug use initiated during adulthood. The present study examined the effects of repeated heroin inhalation, a common route of administering opioids, during adolescence, on measures of nociception and anxiety-like behavior in adulthood. Rats were exposed twice daily to 30-minutes of heroin vapor from post-natal day (PND) 36 to PND 45. At 12 weeks of age, baseline thermal nociception was assessed across a range of temperatures with a warm-water tail-withdrawal assay. Anxiety-like behavior was assessed in an elevated plus-maze (EPM) and activity was measured in an open field arena. Starting at 23 weeks of age, baseline thermal nociception was re-assessed, nociception was determined after acute heroin or naloxone injection, and anxiety-like behavior was redetermined in the EPM. Adolescent heroin inhalation altered baseline thermal nociception in female rats at 12 weeks of age and in both female and male rats at ∼23 weeks. Heroin-treated animals exhibited an increase in anxiety-like behavior when tested in the elevated plus-maze, showed blunted heroin-induced analgesia, but exhibited no effect on naloxone-induced hyperalgesia. The present study demonstrates for the first time that heroin vapor inhalation during adolescence produces behavioral and physiological consequences in rats that persist well into adulthood.
Thermal management of a high temperature sodium sulphur battery stack

Abstract The sodium sulfur battery is an advanced secondary battery with high potential for grid-level storage due to their high energy density, low cost of the reactants, and high open-circuit voltage. However, as the operating temperature of the battery is high (about 300 °C), effective thermal management is required to prevent thermal runaway under high current density operation. To develop efficient thermal management strategies, a detailed, thermo-electrochemical, non-isothermal, distributed dynamic model of a sodium-sulfur battery stack is developed. Models of three thermal management strategies are developed and analyzed in this work: active cooling, passive cooling, and hybrid cooling. The active cooling strategy uses air as the cooling medium whereas, the passive cooling strategy uses a phase change material. In the hybrid cooling strategy, both active and passive cooling strategies are used. Due to the high operating temperature of the sodium sulfur batteries, the rejected heat can be utilized effectively and consequently a high variability in the heat rejection rate may not be acceptable. Performance of these strategies is analyzed under high current density operation by evaluating the variability in the cell temperature during charge/discharge cycles, temperature difference between the cells based on their locations, and variability in the heat rejection rate. The phase change-based hybrid thermal management strategy with an embedded controller maintained the temperature variation within ±/- 2.8 °C. Considering the tradeoff between the capital cost for PCM, fan power requirement, and variability in the heat rejection rate, the optimal quantity of the PCM and the maximum air velocity for the maximum current density of 260 mA/cm2 (0.55 C-rate) were found be 0.74 g/Wh and 3 m/s, respectively.
Dealing with Spatial Heterogeneity in Pointwise to Gridded Data Comparisons

Abstract. Atmospheric modelers and the trace gas retrieval community typically presuppose that pointwise measurements, which roughly represent the element of space, should compare well with satellite (model) pixels (grids). This assumption implies that the field of interest must possess a high degree of spatial homogeneity within the pixels (grids), which may not hold true for species with short atmospheric lifetimes or in the proximity of plumes. Results of this assumption often lead to a perception of a nonphysical discrepancy between data, resulting from different spatial scales, potentially making the comparisons prone to overinterpretation. Semivariogram is a mathematical expression of spatial variability in discrete data. Modeling the semivariogram behavior permits carrying out spatial optimal linear prediction of a random process field using kriging. Kriging can extract the spatial information (variance) pertaining to a specific scale, which in turn translating pointwise data to a grid space with quantified uncertainty such that a grid-to-grid comparison can be made. Here, using both theoretical and real-world experiments, we demonstrate that this classical geostatistical approach can be well adapted to solving problems in evaluating model-predicted or satellite-derived atmospheric trace gases. This study demonstrates that satellite validation procedures must take kriging variance and satellite spatial response functions into account. We present the comparison of Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) tropospheric NO2 columns against 11 Pandora Spectrometer Instrument (PSI) systems during the DISCOVER-AQ campaign over Houston. The least-squares fit to the paired data shows a low slope (OMI=0.76×PSI+1.18×1015 molecules cm−2, r2=0.67) which is indicative of varying biases in OMI. This perceived slope, induced by the problem of spatial scale, disappears in the comparison of the convolved kriged PSI and OMI (0.96×PSI+0.66×1015 molecules cm−2, r2=0.72) illustrating that OMI possibly has a constant systematic bias over the area. To avoid gross errors in comparisons made between gridded data versus pointwise measurements, we argue that the concept of semivariogram (or spatial auto-correlation) should be taken into consideration, particularly if the field exhibits a strong degree of spatial heterogeneity at the scale of satellite and/or model footprints.
The Fluorescence and Phosphorescence Spectra and Phosphorescence Decay Time of Harmine, Harmaline, Harmalol, Harmane, and Norharman in Aqueous Solutions and EPA at 77 K

The plant Paganum Harmala is found in India, Mongolia, northern China, and in the dry range lands of the American Southwest. The seeds of the plant contain the hallucinogenic alkaloids harmine, harmaline, harmol, harmalol, and harmane [1–4]. These alkaloids are also found in the South American plant species Banisteriopis. The hallucinogenic properties of the juice from Banisteriopis plants are employed by several Amazonian Indian tribes to produce visions for ceremonial purposes [1–4]. In addition a similar alkaloid is found in the pineal body [5]. As hallucinogens these alkaloids are reportedly more active than mescaline or LSD [4].
Chicken vinculin and meta-vinculin are derived from a single gene by alternative splicing of a 207-base pair exon unique to meta-vinculin.

Abstract meta-Vinculin and vinculin are closely related proteins that are cytoplasmic components of microfilament-associated cell junctions. This report describes the structural relationship between these two proteins and the genetic basis for tissue-specific expression of meta-vinculin. Analysis of genomic DNA coding for amino acids 676-1066 of vinculin revealed 9 exons spanning an 11.7-kilobase pair region of the genome. In the 4 kilobase pairs of intervening sequence that separates vinculin exons E896-E915 and E916-E984, there is an open reading frame that predicts a sequence homologous to the 68-amino acid peptide specific to porcine meta-vinculin (Gimona, M., Small, J. V., Moeremans, M., Van Damme, J., Puype, M., and Van-dekerckhove, J. (1988) EMBO J. 7, 2329-2334). Analysis of the corresponding cDNA established that chicken meta-vinculin contains a 69-amino acid insertion between residues 915 and 916 of vinculin and that there are no other amino acid sequence differences between chicken vinculin and meta-vinculin. Muscle-specific expression of meta-vinculin occurs by alternative splicing of a transcript produced from a single gene because: all 20 genomic isolates that contain the 3' vinculin exons, also contain the meta-vinculin-specific exon; Southern blots performed at high stringency with exon-specific probes indicate the presence of a single gene; and the 3'-untranslated sequences of vinculin and meta-vinculin cDNAs are identical.
YouEDU: Addressing Confusion in MOOC Discussion Forums by Recommending Instructional Video Clips.

In Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs), struggling learners often seek help by posting questions in discussion forums. Unfortunately, given the large volume of discussion in MOOCs, instructors may overlook these learners' posts, detrimentally impacting the learning process and exacerbating attrition. In this paper, we present YouEDU, an instructional aid that automatically detects and addresses confusion in forum posts. Leveraging our Stanford MOOCPosts corpus, we train a heterogeneous set of classifiers to classify forum posts across multiple dimensions. In particular, classifiers that target sentiment, urgency, and other descriptive variables inform a single classifier that detects confusion. We then employ information retrieval techniques to map confused posts to minute-resolution clips from course videos; the ranking over these clips accounts for textual similarity between posts and closed captions. We measure the performance of our classification model in multiple educational contexts, exploring the nature of confusion within each; we also evaluate the relevancy of materials returned by our ranking algorithm. Experimental results demonstrate that YouEDU achieves both its goals, paving the way for intelligent intervention systems in MOOC discussion forums.
Superparamagnetic particle embedded microprobe (SPEM) for GMR sensor sensitivity calibration

The purpose of this work is to establish a standard sensitivity calibration protocol for GMR (Giant MagnetoResistive) spin valve sensors using superparamagnetic particle embedded microprobes (SPEM). Comparing to other calibration methods, such as the use of MFM (Magnetic Force Microscope), sealed fluidic flow cells, current lines, etc., the proposed SPEM method has four major advantages: no magnetic background, a precisely controlled number of particles which is mostly single-layered, pristine GMR surface after calibration, and mass fabrication. The SPEM is made from a superparamagnetic particle embedded SU-8 post and a glass cantilever. It can calibrate the magnitude of GMR signals to the number of superparamagnetic particles by bringing a known number of single-layered particles close to the GMR surface while still keeping the GMR surface pristine for future biofunction.
The team approach to pelvic exenteration for cervical cancer

Abstract 1. 1. The total mortality in 18 patients treated by pelvic exenteration for carcinoma of the cervix was 16.6 per cent. 2. 2. There were 14 postoperative complications in 12 patients, the most serious of which were 3 instances of intestinal obstruction. 3. 3. Of the 15 patients who left the hospital, 6 have died of tumor recurrence and one of perforation of the colon with peritonitis but without evidence of recurrence at necropsy. Eight patients are living from 18 months to 7 years without evidence of tumor.
Neuroprotective Core Measure 7: Optimizing Nutrition—Breastfeeding, Human Milk and Attachment

Abstract Optimal nutrition through the provision of human milk and breastfeeding promotes the physical health of the infant in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and enhances the quality of caregiver–infant attachment, ultimately improving outcomes of the NICU infant. By improving the quality of attachments, the provision of human milk and breastfeeding provides a neuroprotective factor for NICU infants. Although breastfeeding is the optimal nutrition for infants, there are multiple challenges associated with the initiation and sustainment of breastfeeding within the NICU environment that frequently contribute to low breastfeeding initiation and duration rates. Institutional policies, practices, and breastfeeding support models are needed to achieve successful breastfeeding outcomes within the context of the NICU. More research is needed to explore the long-term psychosocial benefits of breastfeeding and providing human milk, particularly in terms of its role in attachment as a protective factor for the NICU infant.
Using a Flipped Classroom Approach to Support Problem-Based Learning

In the field of mathematic problem-solving, students are often assigned well-structured problems that have specific ‘right’ answers. However, this misses an important aspect of education, which is to allow the learner to investigate the problem-space of authentic problems. To date, various technology scaffolds have been researched to understand how these tools support students in problem-based learning. One recent strategy includes a ‘flipped classroom’, which suggests that learners be given multimedia videos and class-time is allotted for differentiated instruction. However, very little research exists to understand the ways in which the videos support learners in mathematical problem-solving through the lens of PBL. To address this gap, this work-in-progress study qualitatively investigated the implementation of a flipped classroom for a psychological statistics course. Themes emerged related to relevance, reciprocal learning, teacher as facilitator, and self-efficacy. Implications for practice and future directions are also discussed.
K-A and Rb-Sr minimum ages for the Pennsylvanian Section in the Narragansett Basin☆

Abstract K—A and Rb—Sr age measurements on metamorphic minerals in the Rhode Island and Wamsutta formations of Pennsylvanian (Allegheny) age in the Narragansett Basin, R.I., indicate that the minimum age of these formations is 255 million years. Intrusive granites cutting the Wamsutta formation show a minimum age of 235 million years. The fairly widespread orogenic event in the Appalachians that caused metamorphism and igneous rock emplacement showing ages in this range is therefore post lower Pennsylvanian, and should be referred to as Appalachian rather than Acadian. The concordant lead ages in the pegmatites of Middletown, Connecticut, are of this age; and as these were used as the basis of a Devonian age point in the present time scale of Holmes, it is clear that the scale must be lengthened. These results are in accordance with a new value of 360 million years for the minimum age of the lower Devonian, reported earlier.
Development of Cross-Linked Starch Microcellular Foam by Solvent Exchange and Reactive Supercritical Fluid Extrusion

Starch microcellular foams (SMCFs) are prepared by pore preserving drying or formation proc- esses and contain pores in the micron size range. SMCFs have high specific surface area and are useful for applica- tions such as opacifying pigments or as adsorbent materi- als. The objective of this research was to determine how the processing conditions and use of a crosslinking agent would affect the foam structure and properties. SMCFs (crosslinked and uncrosslinked) were prepared from molded aquagels and carbon dioxide extrusion processes separately and then solvent exchanged. Extruded samples showed macroscopic pores whereas samples from aqua- gels showed a much finer micropore structure. Aquagel- based SMCF samples had lower density and higher brightness than did extruded samples. The starch foams with micropore structure had low density and high brightness. The solvent exchange process was the most important variable in generating a microcellular structure. Micropores and not macropores contributed to increased brightness of these materials. The brightness and density of the foams were found to be linearly related. Crosslink- ing with epichlorohydrin imparted significant water re- sistance to the extruded samples as evidenced in lower water swelling and higher contact angles. Equilibrium moisture content was correlated with the microporous structure. V C 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 111: 2917-2929, 2009
The Radio Engineer in the Navy

Radio is essential to the command control of Naval forces. The adaption of radio to Naval needs is a complex function of the practical seagoing military officer and the civilian technical masters of the art. Time is a vital factor in speed of communications as well as in design, production, and installation of equipment. The remarkable advances in standardization and simplification of components should be carried even further. More new methods in production are needed. The results will help shorten the war and reflect themselves favorably in postwar commercial activity.
‘Detectivity’: the Reciprocal of Noise Equivalent Input of Radiation

THERE is a perfectly sound and well-known way of stating the ability of a radiation detector to detect weak signals. One simply states the amount of input radiation that produces a steady electrical output equal to the root-mean-square noise voltage, under conditions of measurement that are stated adequately. But unfortunately the noise equivalent input suffers from a crippling psychological defect: it is upside down—the better detector has a lower noise equivalent input.
The effects of competition and noncompetition on performance of a motor task

Three male adults participated in a study of the effects of competition on a complex motor skill which had been acquired to a high level of proficiency. Each S served as his own control under a noncompetition condition and then competed with each of the other two Ss. A very significant (p< .001) performance decrement occurred; however, certain factors other than competition could be partially responsible.
A dissipative trajectory theory for reactive scattering at surfaces

Abstract The Tully-Preston “surface-hopping trajectory model” originally constructed for gas phase reactive-scattering events is adapted to a class of atomic scattering processes at solid surfaces involving a substrate-induced diabatic transition on the incident atom. The role of energy dissipation due to substrate excitations is shown to drastically influence the reaction probability. Within the context of the trajectory theory, dissipation places upper limits on the number of trajectories leading to non-reactive events and hence on the reaction probability. This is illustrated by example, using sticking as a prototypical event. A criterion for large sticking coefficients is given in terms of vibrational frequencies and linewidths and of desorption energies, all quantities being experimentally accessible with current state-of-the-art measurement techniques. An experiment, based on the present theory, is proposed which could differentiate between electronic and phonon dissipation.
Consignment stocking policy models for supply chain systems: A critical review and comparative perspectives

Abstract This paper studies the consignment stocking policy models for supply chain systems and categorizes different models from the view point of structural configuration of the systems, operational policies, component analyses, cost and profit measurements, and several other standard measures used in inventory management. A comprehensive survey of the models and their critical analyses are pursued here to understand the operational mechanics of different consignment policies that vary from product to product and system to system. The isolation mechanisms used for modeling are different types of supply systems, consignment types, operational mechanism, physical and/or geographical locations, and operational constraints, to name a few. The exercise performed here systematically identifies the appropriateness, and different advantages and disadvantages of the models. This study also examines different consignment models for determining manufacturing batch sizes, order quantity deliverable to the retailers, advertisement and price of the products, profits, independent and centralized operational policies for vendor and buyers, and optimizes many other system parameters and controllable operational variables. The review of the literature sheds different comparative perspectives of the models from practical point of applications and revelation of their theoretical underpinnings. The models have been examined from the managerial insights and several hints on applications of them have been indicated as appropriate in different locations. Several avenues for future research have also been pin-pointed to enrich this area of research on consignment policy.
Extent and limits of biodegradation by in situ methanogenic consortia in shale and formation fluids

Abstract Consortia of microbes degrade recalcitrant organic-matter in deep subsurface reservoirs, such as shales and coals, under anaerobic conditions into simple C molecules such as CO 2 and acetate. These substrates are subsequently metabolized by methanogens into economic quantities of natural gas in sedimentary basins world-wide. This study explores organic matter in the Devonian New Albany Shale (Illinois Basin, USA) and associated fluids to investigate the extent of organic matter biodegradation, and evaluate the potential for stimulating in situ gas production. Identification of labile compound classes such as n -alkanes, fatty acids, and phenols in produced waters of the New Albany Shale, and low biodegradation indices in the shale core samples indicate limited biodegradation. Together with detectable acetate concentrations (up to 225.1 μM), these observations suggest that both the supporting microbial consortia and methanogens are limited in extent and activity. By comparison, the New Albany Shale is much less biodegraded than the microbial CH 4 -producing Michigan Basin Antrim Shale, Powder River Basin coals, or San Juan Basin coals. In the New Albany Shale, the extent of biodegradation generally becomes more varied with higher salinities, suggesting diverse microbial adaptations to degrade OM at high salinities. Enhancement of in situ CH 4 production may be most effective if targeted at stimulating production of the supporting microbial consortia as well as methanogens.
Applying Machine Learning for High-Performance Named-Entity Extraction

This paper describes a machine learning approach to build an ecien t, accurate and fast name spotting system. Finding names in free text is an important task in addressing real-world textbased applications. Most previous approaches have been based on carefully hand-crafted modules encoding linguistic knowledge specic to the language and document genre. Such approaches have two drawbacks: they require large amounts of time and linguistic expertise to develop, and they are not easily portable to new languages and genres. This paper describes an extensible system which automatically combines weak evidence for name extraction. This evidence is gathered from easily available sources: part-of-speech tagging, dictionary lookups, and textual information such as capitalization and punctuation. Individually, each piece of evidence is insucien t for robust name detection. However, the combination of evidence, through standard machine learning techniques, yields a system that achieves performance equivalent to the best existing hand-crafted approaches.
Comparative Responses Of Electroreflectance And Photoreflectance In Gaas

Photoreflectance (PR) and electroreflectance (ER) responses were compared on samples of GaAs in order to establish a detailed relation between the two techniques. The majority of experiments were made on an n-GaAs Schottky Barrier in the vicinity of the fundamental edge (1.4 eV). PR spectra were studied as a function of DC bias with the modulation obtained by chopped laser radiation. A complementary set of ER measurements were made over the same bias range, and a comparison was made of ER response with and without CW laser illumination. This yielded a direct relationship between CW laser power and an equivalent effective bias representing the laser irradiation reduction of the band bending. The correspon-dence between ER and PR allowed us to calculate the average electric field in the depletion layer based on the Franz-Keldysh oscillations present in both spectra. Aspnes and Studna (1973) have shown that the slope of the plot of the energy value of the oscillation extremum index n yields the average electric field provided that the interband effective masses are known. This result indicates that PR can determine submerged interfacial fields with-out any electrical contact to the sample.