cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An Architecture and a Programming Interface for Application-Aware Data Dissemination Using Overlay Networks

Many real-time distributed collaborative applications are emerging that require exchange of critical sensor data among geographically distant end users under resource-constrained network conditions. The QoS requirements, e.g., required bandwidth, latency, acceptable data quality, and reliability are interdependent, and critical to the operation of these applications. This paper presents an AWON (application-aware overlay networks) architecture for deploying application-aware services in an overlay network to best meet the application requirements over the available overlay networking infrastructure. An application programming interface (API) is presented to facilitate development of applications within the AWON architectural framework. The API supports the configuration of overlay nodes for in-network, application-aware processing. Application-defined plug-in modules are used to deploy application-specific functionality at each overlay node. The API also enables communication between application and the overlay routing protocol for the desired QoS support. The effectiveness of the AWON architecture and the API is demonstrated for a real-time weather radar data dissemination application using planetlab. Experimental results show that AWON-based application-aware services significantly improve the quality of the content delivered to the end users in bandwidth-constrained conditions.
Borna Disease Virus P-protein Is Phosphorylated by Protein Kinase Cε and Casein Kinase II

Abstract Borna disease virus (BDV) is a newly classified nonsegmented negative-strand RNA virus (order of Mononegavirales) that persistently infects specific brain regions and circuits of warm-blooded animals to cause behavioral disturbances. Viruses within the order of Mononegavirales have phosphoproteins that typically serve as transcription factors and are modulated in functional activity through phosphorylation. To identify the kinases involved in BDV phosphoprotein (BDV-P) phosphorylation, in vitrophosphorylation assays were performed using recombinant phosphoprotein produced in Escherichia coli as substrate and cytoplasmic extracts from a rat glioma cell line (C6) or rat brain extracts as sources of kinase activity. These experiments revealed that BDV-P was phosphorylated predominantly by protein kinase C (PKC) and to a lesser extent by casein kinase II. Partial purification of the PKC from rat brain extract suggested that the BDV-P phosphorylating kinase is PKCe. A role for PKC phosphorylation in vivo was confirmed by using the PKC-specific inhibitor GF109203X. Furthermore, peptide mapping studies indicated that BDV-P is phosphorylated at the same sites in vitro as it is in vivo. Mutational analysis identified Ser26 and Ser28as sites for PKC phosphorylation and Ser70 and Ser86 as sites for casein kinase II phosphorylation. The anatomic distribution of PKCe in the central nervous system may have implications for BDV neurotropism and pathogenesis.
Improving osteoporosis management in patients with fractures

A history of fracture is an independent risk factor for future fractures, but patients who have sustained a fracture are rarely evaluated for osteoporosis (OP). The objective of this study was to determine if a simple intervention in a general orthopedic clinic would lead to more fracture patients receiving evaluation and treatment for OP. Patients with a history of fracture visiting a weekly orthopedic clinic during a 6-month intervention period were educated about OP, and a bone mineral density (BMD) test was offered. The number of BMD tests performed and other OP-specific actions taken as a result of the intervention were compared with a 6-month pre-intervention period. The prevalence of OP in those who underwent BMD testing was examined. In the pre-intervention period, only 12.7% (16 of 126) had a BMD test as compared with 62.5% of the 136 intervention-period subjects (odds ratio [OR] 11.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] 6.1, 21.4). Based on BMD test results, 11.9% of the pre-intervention patients, and 41.9% of the intervention patients received OP-specific recommendations (OR 5.3, 95% CI 2.8, 10.1). The intervention led to more patients being treated for low bone mass (9.5% vs 23.5%); OR 2.9, 95% CI 1.4, 5.9. Low bone mass was common among all types of fracture patients: 20% had osteoporosis and 41%, osteopenia. BMD testing in patients with fractures should identify those at risk for future fractures, leading to appropriate treatment.
Mathematical Modeling of Atmospheric Flow and Computation of Convex Envelopes

Atmospheric flow equations govern the time evolution of chemical concentrations in the atmosphere. When considering gas and particle phases, the underlying partial differential equa- tions involve advection and diffusion operators, coagulation effects, and evaporation and conden- sation phenomena between the aerosol particles and the gas phase. Operator splitting techniques are generally used in global air quality models. When considering organic aerosol particles, the modeling of the thermodynamic equilibrium of each particle leads to the determination of the con- vex envelope of the energy function. Two strategies are proposed to address the computation of convex envelopes. The first one is based on a primal-dual interior-point method, while the second one relies on a variational formulation, an appropriate augmented Lagrangian, an Uzawa iterative algorithm, and finite element techniques. Numerical experiments are presented for chemical sys- tems of atmospheric interest, in order to compute convex envelopes in various space dimensions.
Efficient Timing-Driven Incremental Routing for VLSI Circuits Using DFS and Localized Slack-Satisfaction Computations

In current very deep submicron (VDSM) circuits, incremental routing is crucial to incorporating engineering change orders (ECOs) late in the design cycle. In this paper, we address the important incremental routing objective of satisfying timing constraints in high-speed designs while minimizing wirelength, vias and routing layers. We develop an effective timing-driven (TD) incremental routing algorithm TIDE for ASIC circuits that addresses the dual goals of time-efficiency, and slack satisfaction coupled with effective optimizations. There are three main novelties in our approach: (i) a technique for locally determining slack satisfaction of the entire routing tree when either a new pin is added to the tree or an interconnect in it is re-routed - this technique is used in both the global and detailed routing phases; (ii) an interval-intersection and tree-truncation algorithm, used in global routing, for quickly determining a near-minimum-length slack-satisfying interconnection of a pin to a partial routing tree; (iii) a depth-first-search process, used in detailed routing, that allows new nets to bump and re-route existing nets in a controlled manner in order to obtain better optimized designs. Experimental results show that within the constraint of routing all nets in only two metal layers, TIDE succeeds in routing more than 94% of ECO-generated nets, and also that its failure rate is 7 and 6.7 times less than that of the TD versions of previous incremental routers Standard (Std) and Ripup & Reroute (R & R), respectively. It is also able to route nets with very little (3.4%) slack violations, while the other two methods have appreciable slack violations (16-19%). TIDE is about 2 times slower than the simple TD-Std method, but more than 3 times faster than TD-R&R
An Animal Model of a Behavioral Intervention for Depression

SUMMARY Although conditioned inhibition of fear (or learned safety) is a learning process critical for preventing chronic stress, a predisposing factor for depression and other psychopathologies, little is known about its functional purposes or molecular mechanisms. To obtain better insight into learned safety, we investigated its behavioral and molecular characteristics and found that it acts as a behavioral antidepressant in two animal models. Learned safety promotes the survival of newborn cells in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, while its antidepressant effect is abolished in mice with ablated hippocampal neurogenesis. Learned safety also increases the expression of BDNF in the hippocampus and leads to downregulation of genes involved in the dopaminergic and neuropeptidergic but not the serotonergic system in the basolateral amygdala. These data suggest that learned safety is an animal model of a behavioral antidepressant that shares some neuronal hallmarks of pharmacological antidepressants but is mediated by different molecular pathways.
Human Affection Exchange: XIII. Affectionate Communication Accelerates Neuroendocrine Stress Recovery

Contemporary theory in interpersonal communication and health psychology supports the prediction that engaging in affectionate behavior within established relationships has a direct effect on the alleviation of stress symptoms following exposure to an acute stressor. Participants in this study were exposed to a series of standard laboratory stressors and were subsequently assigned either to an experimental group or to 1 of 2 control groups. Those in the experimental group were instructed to write a letter to a loved one in which they expressed their feelings of affection for that person. Those in 1 control group thought about a loved one but did not engage in any communicative behavior, and those in the other control group simply sat quietly. All 3 conditions were compared with respect to their levels of salivary free cortisol, an adrenal steroid hormone that is instrumental in the body's neuroendocrine stress response. Results indicated that, compared to the control groups, those in the experimental grou...
Probabilistic independent component analysis for laser speckle contrast images reveals in vivo multi - component vascular responses to forepaw stimulation

Brain's functional response can be studied by observing the spatiotemporal dynamics of functional and structural changes in cerebral vasculature. However, very few studies explore detailed changes at the level of individual microvessels while revealing the simultaneous wide field view of microcirculation responses to functional stimulation. Here we use a high spatiotemporal resolution laser speckle contrast imaging method, in combination with probabilistic independent component analysis to reveal the changes of cerebral blood flow pattern in response to electrical forepaw stimulation in an anesthetized rat model. The proposed method is able to pick up the response of a single vessel down to ∼20µm diameter in a 4mm × 4mm field of view, and automatically extract response from multiple vascular components. Two main vascular components, arteriolar and capillary responses respectively, show significantly different temporal dynamics. Overall, the experimental results from five rats reveal that the specific arteriole branch proximal to the activation sites dilate prior consistently to the increase of blood flow in the capillaries with a latency time 0.91±0.05s. The presented results provide novel microscopic scale evidence of the contribution of different vascular compartments in the hemodynamic response to neuronal activation.
Estimates of radiation over clouds and dust aerosols: Optimized number of terms in phase function expansion

The bulk-scattering properties of dust aerosols and clouds are computed for the community radiative transfer model (CRTM) that is a flagship effort of the Joint Center for Satellite Data Assimilation (JCSDA). The delta-fit method is employed to truncate the forward peaks of the scattering phase functions and to compute the Legendre expansion coefficients for re-constructing the truncated phase function. Use of more terms in the expansion gives more accurate re-construction of the phase function, but the issue remains as to how many terms are necessary for different applications. To explore this issue further, the bidirectional reflectances associated with dust aerosols, water clouds, and ice clouds are simulated with various numbers of Legendre expansion terms. To have relative numerical errors smaller than 5%, the present analyses indicate that, in the visible spectrum, 16 Legendre polynomials should be used for dust aerosols, while 32 Legendre expansion terms should be used for both water and ice clouds. In the infrared spectrum, the brightness temperatures at the top of the atmosphere are computed by using the scattering properties of dust aerosols, water clouds and ice clouds. Although small differences of brightness temperatures compared with the counterparts computed with 4, 8, 128 expansion terms are observed at large viewing angles for each layer, it is shown that 4 terms of Legendre polynomials are sufficient in the radiative transfer computation at infrared wavelengths for practical applications.
α5 and αv integrins cooperate to regulate vascular smooth muscle and neural crest functions in vivo

The RGD-binding α5 and αv integrins have been shown to be key regulators of vascular smooth muscle cell (vSMC) function in vitro. However, their role on vSMCs during vascular development in vivo remains unclear. To address this issue, we have generated mice that lack α5, αv or both α5 and αv integrins on their vSMCs, using the SM22α-Cre transgenic mouse line. To our surprise, neither α5 nor αv mutants displayed any obvious vascular defects during embryonic development. By contrast, mice lacking both α5 and αv integrins developed interrupted aortic arches, large brachiocephalic/carotid artery aneurysms and cardiac septation defects, but developed extensive and apparently normal vasculature in the skin. Cardiovascular defects were also found, along with cleft palates and ectopically located thymi, in Wnt1-Cre α5/αv mutants, suggesting that α5 and αv cooperate on neural crest-derived cells to control the remodelling of the pharyngeal arches and the septation of the heart and outflow tract. Analysis of cultured α5/αv-deficient vSMCs suggests that this is achieved, at least in part, through proper assembly of RGD-containing extracellular matrix proteins and the correct incorporation and activation of latent TGF-β.
Fat distribution as a risk factor for weight and eating concerns.

This study tested the hypothesis that women whose fat is more distributed in the hips and buttocks would have greater body dissatifaction and disordered eating behavior than women with a more abdominal distribution of adipose tissue. The study also tested whether body dissatifaction and the validity of self-reported waist and hip measurements were related
The Triple Innervation of Crayfish Muscle and its Function in Contraction and Inhibition

The innervation of the muscles of the cheliped of Cambarus clarkii has been investigated both anatomically and physiologically. It is found that at least three of the six principal muscles of the cheliped show a triple innervation. Each of these muscles in the unregenerated claw is innervated by three axons only. Such "completely" innervated muscles are the extensor and flexor of the carpopodite and the flexor of the propodite. The extensor of the propodite and the abductor of the dacty-lopodite have only a double innervation. Both these muscles together are innervated by three axons; one fibre gives branches to each of the muscles, a second to the abductor only, and a third to the extensor. An extension of the last fibre can, in a number of cases, be seen to join two fibres for the adductor of the dactylopodite, making the innervation of this muscle complete. In other preparations the third fibre for the adductor is very thin. It is shown for the flexor of the carpopodite that each of the three fibres of this "completely" innervated muscle has a different function. Stimulation of the thickest fibre gives a fast contraction, stimulation of the second in size a slow contraction and stimulation of the third fibre, the smallest, causes inhibition. Both the fast and the slow contraction can be inhibited, but the slow contraction is more sensitive in this respect (see Fig. 4). It is shown that the axon which the abductor and the extensor of the propodite have in common is of the excitatory type. This makes these muscles two parts of one motor unit, each part having its own inhibitory fibre.
Oncogenic PI3K and K-Ras stimulate de novo lipid synthesis through mTORC1 and SREBP

An enhanced capacity for de novo lipid synthesis is a metabolic feature of most cancer cells that distinguishes them from their cells of origin. However, the mechanisms through which oncogenes alter lipid metabolism are poorly understood. We find that expression of oncogenic PI3K (H1047R) or K-Ras (G12V) in breast epithelial cells is sufficient to induce de novo lipogenesis, and this occurs through the convergent activation of the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) downstream of these common oncogenes. Oncogenic stimulation of mTORC1 signaling in this isogenic setting or a panel of eight breast cancer cell lines leads to activation of the sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBP1 and SREBP2) that are required for oncogene-induced lipid synthesis. The SREBPs are also required for the growth factor-independent growth and proliferation of oncogene-expressing cells. Finally, we find that elevated mTORC1 signaling is associated with increased mRNA and protein levels of canonical SREBP targets in primary human breast cancer samples. These data suggest that the mTORC1/SREBP pathway is a major mechanism through which common oncogenic signaling events induce de novo lipid synthesis to promote aberrant growth and proliferation of cancer cells.
Transplantation and Mental Retardation: What Is the Meaning of a Discrimination?

The issue of transplantation for patients affected by mental retardation (MR) has been and continues to be a matter of discussion. The recent policy of the Veneto region, a highly populated area in northern Italy, indicates that patients with MR are not eligible for any transplant of solid organs, indicating intelligence quotient (IQ) <50 as absolute and IQ <70 as a relative exclusion criteria. In the present study, we review current conceptualizations of MR, along with the current knowledge on transplantation in this population. Finally, we will review the international guidelines on this matter and discuss the social, ethical and political significance of such policy, arguing that it discriminates persons affected by MR.
Linear filtering and piecewise linear correlation functions

For a class of piecewise linear correlation functions, it is shown that optimal linear mean-square filtering is achieved with a finite number of samples of the process for any finite observation interval. The class of correlation functions is defined by a particular property of the points at which they change slope. Conditions are discussed under which an arbitrary piecewise linear function is a correlation function. An example demonstrating various aspects of the theory is given, and applications of the theory are considered.
Nongenetic factors in Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome.

To the Editor.— Interest in a possible hereditary component in the transmission and expression of Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome (TS) is longstanding. Although no specific genetic mechanism has been identified, several studies have reported a pattern of transmission that is consistent with an incompletely penetrant autosomal gene (D.L.P., J.F.L., unpublished data, 1985). 1-4 The importance of nongenetic factors has also recently been emphasized by a twin study of TS reported by Price et al 5 in which seven (23%) of the 30 monozygotic pairs were fully discordant for TS. In preparing for a more extensive evaluation of these discordant twin pairs, we recently examined unpublished data from the original study and found that in each case the unaffected co-twin had a higher birth weight than the affected twin (Table). These data must be considered as preliminary, since detailed case histories of the twin pregnancies were not obtained as part
An elective course in biometrics and privacy

In the aftermath of 9-11, the area of biometrics has taken on increased importance. There is a need for more graduates who are familiar with the principles of biometric technology, and with the social and ethical issues raised by use of this technology. This paper describes a course that covers the fundamentals of the major biometric technologies, as well as privacy and security concerns. Experience from teaching a first section of this course is discussed. Modules from this course could also be used in a more general social impact of computing course, or could be used in a pattern recognition or artificial intelligence course to introduce social and ethical issues.
Pathology of Experimental Aerosol Zaire Ebolavirus Infection in Rhesus Macaques

There is limited knowledge of the pathogenesis of human ebolavirus infections and no reported human cases acquired by the aerosol route. There is a threat of ebolavirus as an aerosolized biological weapon, and this study evaluated the pathogenesis of aerosol infection in 18 rhesus macaques. Important and unique findings include early infection of the respiratory lymphoid tissues, early fibrin deposition in the splenic white pulp, and perivasculitis and vasculitis in superficial dermal blood vessels of haired skin with rash. Initial infection occurred in the respiratory lymphoid tissues, fibroblastic reticular cells, dendritic cells, alveolar macrophages, and blood monocytes. Virus spread to regional lymph nodes, where significant viral replication occurred. Virus secondarily infected many additional blood monocytes and spread from the respiratory tissues to multiple organs, including the liver and spleen. Viremia, increased temperature, lymphocytopenia, neutrophilia, thrombocytopenia, and increased alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase, total bilirubin, serum urea nitrogen, creatinine, and hypoalbuminemia were measurable mid to late infection. Infection progressed rapidly with whole-body destruction of lymphoid tissues, hepatic necrosis, vasculitis, hemorrhage, and extravascular fibrin accumulation. Hypothermia and thrombocytopenia were noted in late stages with the development of disseminated intravascular coagulation and shock. This study provides unprecedented insight into pathogenesis of human aerosol Zaire ebolavirus infection and suggests development of a medical countermeasure to aerosol infection will be a great challenge due to massive early infection of respiratory lymphoid tissues. Rhesus macaques may be used as a model of aerosol infection that will allow the development of lifesaving medical countermeasures under the Food and Drug Administration's animal rule.
Luck and interests

Recent work on the nature of luck widely endorses the thesis that an event is good or bad luck for an individual only if it is significant for that individual. In this paper, I explore this thesis, showing that it raises questions about interests, well-being, and the philosophical uses of luck. In Sect. 1, I examine several accounts of significance, due to Pritchard (2005), Coffman (2007), and Rescher (1995). Then in Sect. 2 I consider what some theorists want to ‘do’ with luck, taking important examples from epistemology (explaining Gettier-style examples) and political philosophy (offering a rationale for the just distribution of resources in society), while suggesting implications for significance. Drawing together lessons from Sects. 1 and 2, I develop a new account of significance in Sect. 3 before concluding with reflections on the debate in Sect. 4.
On ergodic capacity of cooperative non-regenerative relay networks in Rice fading environments

In this article, we have derived closed form moment generating function (MGF) of upper and lower bounds of the harmonic mean signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the two-hop cooperative amplify-and-forward (CAF) relay networks over Rice fading environments. The derived MGF formulas are then applied to the computation of ergodic capacity of optimal rate adaptation with constant power (ORA) and optimal joint power and rate adaptation (OPRA) source adaptive transmission policies over Rice fading channels. The above mathematical framework for the ergodic capacity allows us to investigate how the power assignment during different transmission phases, node placement (i.e., position of relay with respect to source and destination), fade distributions and dissimilar fading statistics across the distinct communication links affect the ergodic capacity, without imposing any restrictions on the fading parameters. Moreover, the ergodic capacity of ORA and OPRA source adaptive transmission policies have also been computed using new closed-form approximate MGF expression of two-hop CAF relay networks in our further attempt to reduce the computational complexity of the mean achievable rates for CAF relay networks. The proposed analytical frameworks have been validated by Monte Carlo simulations and are in good agreement.
Lumbopleural Shunting as an Alternative Cerebrospinal Fluid Diversion Modality for Management of Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension: Is It Time for a Change?

diopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH), as its name implies, is a disorder characterized by elevated cerebrospinal fluid I (CSF) pressure of an unknown etiology. First reported by Quincke in 1893 as “meningitis serosa,” this clinical syndrome has historically been a matter of serious contention, with its nomenclature subject to substantial changes over time. In 1904, Nonne introduced the term “pseudotumor cerebri.” The syndrome was subsequently renamed “benign intracranial hypertension” by Foley in 1955. With a high proportion of patients demonstrating permanent visual impairment, the term “benign” was deemed inappropriate, and the term “idiopathic” was unanimously adopted. Often considered as a diagnosis of exclusion, IIH predominantly affects obese women of reproductive age and is best defined by myriad symptoms, most commonly headaches, transient obscuration of vision, pulsatile tinnitus, photopsia, backache, retrobulbar pain, diplopia, and severe visual impairment. Analogous to its nomenclature, diagnostic criteria for IIH have evolved considerably to integrate our enhanced understanding of the disease with developments in technology. The original diagnostic classification by Dandy in 1937 included signs of increased intracranial pressure (>25 cm H2O) with normal CSF composition, absence of any localizing signs except abducens nerve palsy, and normal or slit ventricles with no intracranial mass lesion as evident on ventriculography. This classification was initially modified by Smith in 1985 to accommodate the advent of computed tomography, used in diagnosis of IIH primarily to exclude secondary causes predisposing to intracranial hypertension, including space-occupying lesions that were likely unnoticed in the previous era. The modification of the diagnostic
Use of competitive exclusion to control enterotoxigenic strains of in weaned pigs

Mortality and morbidity associated with Escherichia coli cause economic losses to the swine industry. Enterotoxigenic strains of E. coli affecting nursery-age pigs have become more difficult to treat because of increased antibiotic resistance, and alternatives to antibiotics are currently being sought. Our laboratory developed a defined culture of commensal bacteria of porcine gastrointestinal tract origin, maintained it in continuous-flow culture for 3 yr, and designated it as RPCF. Laboratory studies have shown that RPCFtreated pigs had decreased mortality and bacterial shedding compared with controls when challenged with enterotoxigenic strains of E. coli. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the practicality, safety, and efficacy of RPCF to protect nursery-age pigs in commercial swine operations from field challenge by enterotoxigenic strains of E. coli. In field studies involv
Threshold Temperature and Degree-day Estimates for Development of Immature Southern Pine Coneworms (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) at Constant and Fluctuating Temperatures

First- and fourth-instar Dioryctria amatella (Hulst) were reared on an artificial diet at six constant temperatures in the laboratory and outdoors. Threshold temperature for larval development was 13°C, and development from newly hatched larva to pupa and larva to adult required 303 and 493 degree-days (DD), respectively. Mean DD for development of immatures in a shaded area outdoors during spring and early summer of 1984 varied only 8 DD from estimates derived from constant-temperature data. Threshold temperature did not vary with larval age.
Si 28 ( n , n ′ γ ) photon production cross sections for E γ = 1.78 MeV, 5.0 E n 9.5 MeV

The excitation function for the production of the 1.78-MeV $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ ray due to neutron interactions with $^{28}\mathrm{Si}$ has been measured for incident neutron energies between 5 and 9.5 MeV with neutron energy resolution \ensuremath{\sim} 35 keV for ${E}_{n}=5$ MeV to \ensuremath{\sim} 80 keV for ${E}_{n}=9.5$ MeV. These data are compared with previously reported values and with the current ENDF/B evaluation.
Individual Versus Systems Rewards: Who's Dissatisfied, Why, and What is Their Likely Response?

This study involved 108 subjects who were randomly assigned to individual (contingent on role performance) and systems (contingent on participation) reward conditions. Analysis of variance found th...
Notes on the Iphigenia in Tauris of Euripides 1

In 162 read for . The sphere of reference of the verb is confined to water: 54 (Musgrave, L) (a reference to the ritual : see Denniston on El. 791), El. 157 (cf. ‘having washed’, Hom. Od. 4.750, 759, 17.48, 58).
The Study of H-PIPE Effect on the Engine Torque Curve

Taking a V-type 6-cylinder gasoline engine for example,the whole engine model(including intake and exhaust system) is set up by the 1-D CFD software of GT-POWER.Through the optimization of H-PIPE diameter,position and length of H-PIPE,the H-PIPE effect on engine torque curve is studied,which has instructive sense on how to optimally select design parameters of H-PIPE to tune torque curve.
Myeloproliferative neoplasms (BCR-ABL1 negative) and myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasms: current diagnostic principles and upcoming updates.

Since the publication of the latest World Health Organization (WHO) classification in 2008, there has been a significant effort for clarification of unresolved questions, especially with the help of the rapidly developing field of molecular genetic studies, next-generation sequencing in particular. Numerous entities within the WHO categories of myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) and myelodysplastic (MDS)/MPNs have been extensively studied, with large published series attempting to characterize and better define their morphologic and molecular genetic features. This emerging genetic landscape maintains a robust correlation with the various disease entities recognized by the WHO classification scheme based on a careful integration of detailed clinical information, bone marrow and peripheral blood morphology, immunohistology, and genomics. This brief review summarizes the current guidelines as they apply to diagnosing both the classical BCR-ABL1 negative MPN (polycythemia vera, essential thrombocythemia, and primary myelofibrosis) and the more common subtypes of MDS/MPN overlap syndromes. The more important recent molecular updates as well as the upcoming changes to the current WHO classification, expected to be published in late 2016, will also be briefly reviewed.
End user programming on the Web

Publisher Summary This chapter defines end-user programming, summarizes the current state of the field, and shows how the Web has removed many of the obstacles to widespread adoption of end-user programming. End-user programming is programming by people who are not professional programmers. The program is often something that only an end user wants. And because end users are engaged in performing real-world tasks, the solution often needs to be accomplished right away while the user is performing the task. The challenge to researchers in this field is to find ways to make limited forms of programming sufficiently understandable and pleasant that end users will be willing and able to program. The goal is to bring programming to “the rest of us,” and advances in end-user programming come when systems achieve an elegant balance between power and ease of use. There have been two main approaches to enable end users to create their own programs: scripting languages and programming by demonstration. Scripting languages approach end-user programming by still using a programming language but by making that language simpler and easier to use. To accomplish this, they may restrict their solutions to a limited domain—such as spreadsheets or Web pages—and offer only limited power within that domain. Programming by demonstration system demonstrates an activity, and the system writes a program to perform that activity. After outlining the challenges that confront these approaches, one shall see how the Web has removed some of the most significant barriers, opening the way for the recent progress.
Pegylated Liposomal Doxorubicin (PLD), Dexamethasone and Low Dose Thalidomide (DDt): An Active Regimen in the Frontline Therapy for Multiple Myeloma (MM).

Abstract Objectives and Methods: Thalidomide/dexamethasone is considered one of the current standard induction therapies for MM. We evaluated efficacy and toxicity of adding PLD to dexamethasone and low dose thalidomide. Stem cell harvest yield and QOL using FACT-G/Fact-Leu Tools were also assessed. Patients were treated with PLD (Doxil®) 40mg/m2 IV d1, thalidomide 100 mg PO Q HS, and dexamethasone 40 mg PO d1–4 and 15–18 Q 28 days for up to 4 cycles. Eligible patients subsequently underwent autologous stem cell harvest and transplant. Patients received prophylactic antimicrobials, erythropoietin injections and biphosphonate therapy. Results: Between 8/03 and 3/07, 25 patients were enrolled; 1 excluded for incorrect diagnosis. Median age 61 (49–79yrs); 17 males. Subclasses included IgGλ-9, IgGκ-7, non-secretory-3, IgAκ-2, IgAl-2 and κ light chain-1. At presentation, the patients had Drurie Salmon Stage IA-2, IB-1, IIA-5, IIIA-11, IIIB-5 (ISS stage 1–10, 2–8 and 3–6). Median B2M 3.5 (range: 1.1–41 mg/L). Eleven patients completed 4 cycles; one withdrew after cycle 1; 10 were taken off study (8 due to grade 3–4 toxicity: 5-infection, 1 acute renal failure, 1 dehydration and 1 arrhythmia; and 2 due to treatment delays more than 2 weeks secondary to infection). Median cycles received prior to being taken off study were 2. Two patients developed venous thrombotic events (VTE): one after cycle 1 while on low dose coumadin; another died of pulmonary embolism after cycle 1, while on aspirin, requiring amendment of protocol to therapeutic doses of coumadin. No further VTE were observed. There was another death due to pneumonia after cycle 2. Thirteen patients underwent stem cell harvest with cyclophosphamide and growth factor mobilization. The median harvest yield was 5.76 x106 CD34/kg (range: 3.87 – 31.94); median harvest days-3 (range: 1–7). Of the 20 patients who received at least one cycle and assessable for response, the ORR was 95% using SWOG/IBMTR criteria: PR-35%/75%; VGPR–40%/nCR-5%; CR-20%/15%; 1 had PD. The median serum M-protein response after cycle 1 (n=19): −53% (+17 to−86%), cycle 2 (n=18): −80.5% (−38% to −100%). One patient achieved CR after 2 cycles. Further responses after the 3rd and 4th cycles were minimal. The scores in most of the Fact-G/Fact-Leu subscales showed increasing trend corresponding to overall improvement in the patient's QOL throughout the course of therapy as compared to baseline. The improvement was most noted in the emotional well-being subscale. Conclusions: DDt represents an active induction therapy for patients with MM. Major responses and treatment-related toxicity occur early in the course of therapy, arguing for early stem cell harvest and autologous transplant after two cycles of treatment. No adverse impact on stem cell harvest is associated with this therapy. Full dose anticoagulation to prevent VTE is essential when using this combination regimen. The overall QOL of patients improved while on treatment as compared to baseline.
Does Neurotechnology Produce a Better Brain

Neurotechnologies in clinical applications can image the brain noninvasively, but they typically require surgical insertion to stimulate it. Although an increasingly popular alternative is to use noninvasive stimulation to enhance nervous system functions, questions about its effectiveness and ethical use remain unanswered.
The Notion of Discursive Communities: A Case Study of Huaigu Poems

The different modes and approaches have been summarized in respect to literary historiography. A leading figure in the US in the field of Chinese literary history is Stephen Owen.
Autism, Neural Basis of

Autism is a severe developmental disorder that emerges in the first years of life, affecting social, behavioral, and communicative development. It is a disorder that strikes at the core of what it means to be a social being, affecting essential preconditions for the expression and recognition of emotions, intersubjectivity, empathy, attachment, and the nuanced understanding of another's mind. Although autism is recognized to have genetic and neural bases, the genetic and neural mechanisms responsible for the syndrome remain largely unknown. However, recent advances in neuroimaging technology are providing a new window into the brains of people with autism, and data emerging in the 1990s are converging to implicate a distributed neural system in the pathobiology of autism. This system encompasses the amygdala and functionally related systems of the frontal and temporal lobes.
High-Frequency PCB Winding Transformer With Integrated Inductors for a Bi-Directional Resonant Converter

The momentum toward high power density high-efficiency power converters continues unabated. The key to reducing the size of power converters is high-frequency operation and the bottleneck is the magnetic components. With the emerging widebandgap devices, the switching frequency of power converters increases significantly, to hundreds of kilohertz, which provides us the opportunity to adopt printed circuit board (PCB) winding planar magnetics. Compared with the conventional litz-wire-based magnetics, planar magnetics can not only effectively reduce the converter size, but also offer improved reliability through automated manufacturing process with repeatable parasitics. Another way to reduce the number of magnetic components and shrink the size of power converters is through the magnetic integration. In this paper, a novel PCB winding based magnetic structure is proposed to integrate both inductor and transformer into one component. In this structure, the inductor value can be easily controlled by changing the cross-sectional area of the core or the length of the air gap. A 6.6-kW 500-kHz CLLC resonant converter prototype with 98% efficiency and 130-W/in3 (8 kW/L) power density is built to verify the feasibility of the proposed PCB winding based magnetic structure.
Storytelling and Mothering: A Portrait of a Homegrown, Mexican American Teacher:

At the heart of this article are the stories of a woman who identifies herself as a “homegrown,” Mexican American teacher. It is through storytelling with this teacher, Ms. Luna Martinez, that we c...
Sparking interest: A design framework for mobile technologies to promote children’s interest in nature

Abstract Can a mobile app engage children in explorations of the natural world and promote their interest in nature? Drawing on theory related to interest development and research on mobile learning technologies, we derived a set of four design principles to support the development of children’s personal interest in nature. We co-designed with 7 children ages 7–12 a set of interest-centered design strategies to implement each of the following principles: (1) personal relevance, (2) focused attention, (3) social interactions, and (4) opportunities for continued engagement. We applied these strategies to design NatureCollections, a mobile application that allows children to build, curate, and share nature photo collections. We conducted an in-situ case study with 18 children ages 7–11 years who used the NatureCollections app to take pictures of their natural surroundings. Qualitative indicators suggest NatureCollections succeeded in directing children’s attention to and promoting close observation of the natural elements in their surroundings, and prompted playful, nature-related conversations with peers and parents.
How Racial Identity Theory Is Relevant to Liberation and Peace Psychology

Racialized violence is the cornerstone of perpetuating racism. As an ideology, racism shapes our socialization with the insistence that human beings are aligned along a hierarchy in which Black people and others defined as not White are cast as sub-human and of possessing less worth than White people. Whites and non-White racial elites use physical violence to propagate racism, and in its structural manifestations, racism savagely imposes a sense of normalcy in which people tend to sideskirt and downplay the pervasive array of verbal put-downs, and systemic exclusions and entitlements that are accorded on the basis of race.
Managing Cybersecurity Risks of SCADA Networks of Critical Infrastructures in the IoT Environment

This chapter reviews the cybersecurity risks of critical infrastructures such as supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems in the IoT environment; and provides security management strategies to beef up the security of SCADA networks. An overview of IoT reference model and related security concerns are reviewed. Vulnerabilities of SCADA systems as well as risk assessment approaches and risk management strategies to help mitigate vulnerabilities and threats are also examined. The chapter concludes that to effectively manage cybersecurity of SCADA systems in an IoT environment, a control framework that defines a comprehensive set of security objectives with policies, standards, and guidelines should be established and enforced. Additionally, it is suggested that existing protocols should be analyzed to understand their vulnerabilities for effective risk control and SCADA networks should be designed to prevent direct access from the Internet.
The potential for inoculating Lactobacillus animalis and Enterococcus faecium alone or in combination using commercial in ovo technology without negatively impacting hatch and post-hatch performance.

ABSTRACT The poultry industry has recently undergone transitions into antibiotic free production, and viable antibiotic alternatives, such as probiotics, are necessary. Through in ovo probiotic inoculation, beneficial microflora development in the gastrointestinal tract may occur prior to hatch without negatively impacting chick performance. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to observe the impacts of the injection of probiotic bacteria individually or combined into fertile broiler hatching eggs on hatch and live performance characteristics. A total of 2,080 fertile broiler hatching eggs were obtained from a commercial source. On day 18 of incubation, 4 in ovo injected treatments were applied: 1.) Marek's Disease (HVT) vaccination, 2.) L. animalis (∼106 cfu/50μl), 3.) E. faecium (∼106 cfu/50μl), and 4.) L. animalis + E. faecium (∼106 cfu & ∼106 cfu/50μl each). On day of hatch, hatchability and hatch residue data were recorded. A portion of male chicks from each treatment were placed in a grow-out facility for a 21 d grow-out (18 chicks/pen × 10 pens/treatment = 720 male chicks) with a corn and soy bean meal-based diet without antibiotics or antibiotic alternatives. Performance data and gastrointestinal samples were collected on days 0, 7, 14, and 21. Results indicated no differences in all hatch parameters between treatments (P > 0.05) except for % pipped, where the L. animalis treatment had lower % pipped eggs compared to the HVT control and E. faecium treatments (P = 0.04). No differences were observed in body weight gain or mortality (P > 0.05). Probiotic treatments altered gastrointestinal tissue length, weight, and pH. This resulted in all in ovo injected probiotic treatments increasing feed conversion ratio (FCR) from days 7 to 14 as compared to the control (P = 0.01). Differences in FCR were not observed in any other week of data collection (days 0 to 7, 14 to 21, or 0 to 21; P > 0.05). Although probiotics altered live performance from days 7 to 14, these data suggest that in ovo inoculations of L. animalis and E. faecium in combination are viable probiotic administration practices that potentially improve hatch characteristics and gastrointestinal tract development.
Transitional Portraits: Syrian Immigrants Of The North American Mahjar In 'Abd Al-Masih Haddad's Prose

This article argues that the 1921 collection of diasporic short stories Hikayat al-mahjar, written by ‘Abd al-Masih Haddad, makes a unique and notable contribution to mahjar literature by mobilizing formal literary techniques and innovative thematic content to capture a Syrian immigrant community engaged in a transitional moment in America. This paper situates Haddad (best known as the founder of the biweekly Arabic newspaper al-Saʼih, and a founding member of the literary society al-Rābiṭa al-qalamiyya) among his literary peers and provides an analysis of Hikayat al-mahjar that demonstrates the work’s points of convergence and divergence from the literary norms of the Arab diaspora in North America. Haddad, in highlighting the ambivalence and tension that overwhelmed Syrian immigrant characters navigating the boundaries of new social and cultural realities, broke ranks with his contemporaries in the Arab diaspora, whose output in Arabic was primarily fixated on nostalgic and romantic depictions of the homeland.
Internet Cafés: Nostalgia, Sociality, and Stigma

This chapter explores young people’s reminiscences about gaming in Internet cafes through interviews and analysis of popular micro-films (films created for the Internet) about the coming-of-age experiences of post-1980 and post-1990 youth. The analysis focuses on the role that nostalgia plays in young people’s relationship to their current circumstances. Often dissatisfied with the lack of possibilities for upward mobility and faced with the drudgery of everyday life, digital games and locations such as the Internet cafe are constructed as places that embody youthful hope, optimism, and happiness. Ironically, those who remain in the cafes are simultaneously cast as failures—migrant workers, high-school dropouts, and troublemakers. Through a close examination of young people’s affective attachments to Internet cafes and digital games, this chapter reveals how these spaces are not only sites of sociality but also sites where class identities are negotiated and formed.
Sutureless Surgical Orthotopic Implantation Technique of Primary and Metastatic Cancer in the Liver of Mouse Models.

Background/aim Surgical orthotopic implantation (SOI) is used to establish patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) and other orthotopic mouse models. Orthotopic liver models can be challenging, as the liver parenchyma is prone to bleeding. The present report describes a sutureless method to implant tumors in the liver that reduces bleeding and procedural time. Materials and methods Human HCC cell-line (Huh-7-GFP) and CM2, a patient-derived colon-cancer liver metastasis, were used for sutureless SOI of tumor fragments in the liver of nude mice. A small cavity was formed on the liver surface. A solitary tumor fragment was implanted in the cavity without suturing to create hemostasis. Results Six weeks after sutureless SOI, the tumor volume of Huh-7-GFP (n=5) was 584.41±147.64 mm3 and the tumor volume of CM2 (n=5) was 1336.54±1038.20 mm3 The engraftment rate was 100%. Conclusion This novel method for establishing orthotopic liver-implantation mouse models is suitable for studies of liver cancer and liver metastases due to its simple procedure and potential high engraftment rate.