cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
LCD backlight manufacturing development program

This paper is an update to a paper presented in the 1995 SPIE conference, Cockpit Displays II - LCD Backlight Performance over the Military Operating Temperature Range, by M. Marentic. SAIC has developed an LCD backlight system using a fluorescent cavity as the technical approach. The approach has proven performance in several military aircraft displays and a commercial display. The design is readily adaptable to various LCD sizes and 4' by 4' to 10' by 12.5' units have been built and evaluated. In October 1995, SAIC and the U.S. Display Consortium signed a development agreement to transition the backlight approach from engineering to manufacturing. The cost-shared effort is described in this paper. The manufacturing development effort includes the design and construction of lamp manufacturing equipment, phosphor coating and curing equipment and a cellular assembly operation.© (1996) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Knowledge impacts of user participation: a cognitive perspective

Although user participation has been studied over four decades, there are still many questions unanswered. This research identifies two gaps in this field: a lack of understanding of the underlying cognitive mechanisms that intervene with the information systems development (ISD) process, and a lack of understanding of knowledge structures between user participants and system developers that may shape the effectiveness of team processes. To fill up the two gaps, I propose a knowledge perspective of user participation and identify two types of knowledge interactions between user participants and system developers, knowledge acquisition and knowledge exploitation, as main team processes that mediate the relationship between user participation and team performance. In addition, I assimilate recent advances in the filed of collective cognition. Major implications of this study are that user participation may not be effective if participants cannot contribute knowledge to the ISD process, or their knowledge cannot be successfully acquired and utilized by the ISD project team; and team cognition, specified here as transactive memory systems and shared mental models, will shape the effects of knowledge interactions between users and system developers, thereby indirectly influencing the performance of the ISD project team. A theoretical model is also provided.
A mathematical model and computer simulations of the interactions between microbes

Studies a nutrient-prey-predator model with internal storage of nutrient by using computer simulations. The prey feeds on the nutrient and the predator feeds on the prey in such a way that there exists a toxic level beyond which the nutrient has a negative effect on the prey. It is found that if the total nutrient level is less than or equal to the toxic level, the dynamics of the model is parallel to that found in the mathematical analysis. However, if the total nutrient level is greater than the toxic level, the dynamics of the system is much more complicated. In some cases, both species can become extinct.
Treatment of prolapse of the vagina following hysterectomy.

Abstract A follow-up report is presented on 20 patients with prolapse of the vagina following hysterectomy treated by transplantation of straps of external oblique aponeurosis. After 5 to 20 years, only 2 of the 20 patients experienced recurrence. Mention is made of the extension of the scope of the operation to include prolapse of the functioning uterus and for use as a primary procedure at the time of hysterectomy when it seems that the available supporting structures are inadequate.
Spatial lesion indexing for medical image databases using force histograms

It is often difficult to find a well-principled approach for the selection of a spatial indexing mechanism for medical image databases. Spatial information concerning lesions in medical images is critically important in disease diagnosis and plays an important role in image retrieval. Unfortunately, images are rarely indexed properly for clinically useful retrieval. One example is the well-known R-tree and its variants which index image objects based on their physical locations in an "absolute" way. However, such information is not meaningful in medical content-based image retrieval systems, and the approaches suffer from problems caused by variations in object size and shape, imprecise image centering, etc. A more appropriate approach, which does not require object registration, is to model the spatial relationships between lesions and anatomical landmarks. To convey diagnostic information, lesions must exist in certain locations with regard to landmarks. In this paper, we show that the histogram of forces (which represents the relative position between two objects) provides an efficient spatial indexing mechanism in the medical domain.
Product design - how to get the design right the first time

Many manufacturers design a product first, then attempt to “fix” the design later to meet the applicable safety standard. Prior knowledge of the applicable safety standard and its requirements for the product will help meet deadlines, keep design costs down, and result in a properly designed product.
Intrinsically disordered proteins and novel strategies for drug discovery

Introduction: There is a natural abundance of intrinsically disordered proteins or intrinsically disordered protein regions (IDPs or IDPRs), that is, biologically active proteins/regions without stable structure. Their wide functional repertoire; the ability to participate in multiple interactions; the capability to fold at binding in a template-dependent manner and their common involvement in the pathogenesis of numerous human diseases suggest that these proteins should be seriously considered as novel drug targets. Areas covered: This article describes the major classes of ordered proteins traditionally used as drug targets and introduces the molecular mechanisms of drugs targeting ordered proteins. Furthermore, it illustrates basic ways of rational drug design for these proteins, and shows why these approaches cannot be directly used for intrinsic disorder-based drug design. Some of the new approaches utilized for finding drugs targeting IDPs/IDPRs are introduced. Expert opinion: There is a continuing ...
Laboratory Animals Need Only Humane Treatment: Animal “Rights” May Debase Human Rights

Arguments for animal "rights" confuse the issue of what rights are about and, in the context of the care of laboratory animals, are misleading. Only human beings have rights and they should be cherished and extended. Consideration of the welfare of animals is important, but the context is that it is for the benefit of human beings and the animals serving humanity. Scientists need to explain the worth of animal research, particularly in regard to psychological studies. They also need to expose the fallacies in the animal rightists' arguments as one of the means to help diminish the threat to science.
Paul Claude Silva (31 October 1922–12 June 2014)

Paul Claude Silva died in Berkeley, California, USA, on 12 June 2014 at the age of 91. His career, founded on a genuine love of algae and an appreciation of the importance of history, context and c...
Outcome of pregnancy following intervention for coarctation of the aorta

Abstract There are limited data regarding the outcome of pregnancy in women after intervention for coarctation of the aorta (CoA). The Texas Children’s Hospital Cardiac Database was used to identify female patients with CoA born before 1980 who had undergone balloon angioplasty or surgery. Patients with Turner’s syndrome and cyanotic congenital heart disease were excluded. A chart review and telephone interview were performed. Data collected included age at intervention, type of intervention, the need for reintervention, functional status, number of pregnancies, and pregnancy outcomes. Seventy-four patients met our criteria and we were able to contact 52. Eighteen patients (39%) were pregnant a total of 36 times. There were 3 spontaneous and 4 elective abortions. Preeclampsia complicated 4 pregnancies in 3 women (17% of primigravidas). One patient had systemic hypertension. Eleven infants were delivered by Cesarean section. There were 29 births, with an average weight of 3.0 kg. There were 5 preterm births, 4 to a teenage mother. Only 1 child (3%) had a congenital heart defect. Thus, in women with an arm-to-leg blood pressure gradient of
On the Phenomenon of High Redundancy in Robotic Perception

A concept of nested hierarchical (multiresolutional, pyramidal) perception for a (self-programmed) autonomous robot, is introduced using an intelligent module with decision making capabilities.It is explained in the paper that any intelligent controller can be characterized by its rate of knowledge filtering. The detrimental effect of it can be compensated by the corresponding level of perceptual redundancy (and the decision making, and the action redundancies as well). Organization of perceptual information is demanded for satisfaction of definite conditions which are analyzed in this paper. Redundancy of information is one of the conditions of proper functioning of the system. The significance of perceptual redundancy is often overlooked. Several operators are discussed implicitly using redundancy: generalization, focusing of attention, etc. The following relationship is important for computer simulation of perceptual processes: among the total volume of information ITC (associated with the problem of control), and the minimal cell of distinguishability Δ required by the customer specifications.On the other hand, the number of resolution levels in the nested hierarchical system depends on the ratio ITC/Δ. Phenomena of multiresolutional redundant perceptual organization are illustrated using an example of perceiving a chair.
Communication and the Coping Paradox: The Case of Army Spouses and Wartime Deployment

This study explores the concept of the coping paradox within the context of military families and wartime deployment. A coping paradox occurs when the sending or receiving of a message meant to cope with stress leads to outcomes that are contrary to expectations. Based on interviews with 40 military wives whose husbands deployed to Iraq or Afghanistan, we identified six paradoxical pairings of particular stressors and coping strategies. By understanding that these paradoxes are context and time dependent, family members may recognize the paradox is not indicative of a problem with the relationship; instead, it is an outcome of the situation and, thus, may not reoccur when the family is out of the stressful situation.
Review of Educational Research Methods in 3D3C Worlds: Framing the Past to Provide Future Direction

This chapter describes educational research methodologies being used in the investigation and evaluation of desktop virtual world environments as used to teach a variety of subjects in higher education. Ellis’ research framework on innovations and Reeves and Hedberg’s research goals were used as lenses to examine the state of educational research methods within 3D3C Worlds. An extensive search that resulted in 127 peer-reviewed papers chosen, was carried out to locate journal articles in the fields of educational technology, computer science and information systems, virtual reality/virtual worlds/gaming, science and health education, human-computer interaction, media and communications, psychology, social science, cognitive science, and library science. Results showed that while small-scale research is common, research with broader goals (i.e. program evaluation, developmental research) is lacking. Implications include the need for signature developmental researchers to make their virtual world applications open source, and for researchers to explore collaborative research opportunities with postmodern, education researchers in order to shed more light on important issues of equity, gender, politics, and culture that impact education.
Effects of turbidity on feeding rates of Lahontan cutthroat trout ( Oncorhynchus clarki henshawi ) and Lahontan redside shiner ( Richardsonius egregius )

The spawning of Lahontan cutthroat trout ( Oncorhynchus clarki henshawi ) in Summit Lake, Nevada, has reportedly declined since the early 1970s, coincident with the appearance of Lahontan redside shiner ( Richardsonius egregius ) in the lake. We investigated the relative predatory abilities of the 2 fish species foraging on live Daphnia magna in turbidity conditions commonly observed in Summit Lake. Experiments were performed under controlled light and temperature condition. In separate trials we fed trout and shiner 1 of 3 size classes of D. magna (1.7 mm, 2.2 mm, and 3.0 mm) at 6 levels of turbidity ranging from 3.5 to 25 NTU. Feeding rates for both species varied inversely with turbidity for all prey sizes. Feeding rates of shiner were greater than trout at all turbidity levels. In low turbidity (5 TNU), shiner consumed approximately 3% more prey during 2-h feeding trials. However, at high turbidity levels, the difference in feeding rates between species was proportionally higher (10%). At high turbidity levels (≥ 20 NTU) trout predation rates were relative insensitive to prey size. However, shiner continued to consume more, larger prey at the highest turbidity levels. These results indicate that Lahontan redside shiner may be superior to Lahontan cutthroat trout as zooplankton predators at high turbidity levels, and may explain the recent success of shiner in Summit Lake.
Predictors of extubation success in acute ischemic stroke patients

Abstract Background Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients often undergo intubation and mechanical ventilation (MV). Prolonged intubation and MV have disadvantages and complications. Conventional extubation criteria based only on respiratory parameters are insufficient to guide extubation practices in stroke patients where capacity for airway protection is a major concern. Objective To identify clinical and neuroanatomical markers of successful extubation in AIS patients requiring MV. Methods Retrospective review of tertiary care hospital patient database from May 2009–November 2012 to identify consecutive patients with AIS intubated during hospitalization. We assessed the effect of age, sex, baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score, level of consciousness, facial weakness, dysarthria, neglect, infarct location, dysphagia, respiratory parameters and history of pneumonia on successful extubation by hospital discharge using multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results 112 subjects met study criteria and were included in the analysis. Age and NIHSS scores (mean ± standard deviation) were 74.5 ± 16.1 years and 19 ± 9.8, respectively; 56% were women. In multivariate analysis, NIHSS score ≤ 15 (Odds Ratio 4.6, 95% Confidence Interval 1.9–11.3, p Conclusions Milder stroke and absence of dysarthria prior to intubation were independently associated with extubation success. Our findings could help inform extubation practices in patients with AIS though prospective validation is necessary.
User's Guide to the Map (A) and Overlaid Layers

Map A presents the Peutinger map as a seamless whole, full size, in color. Its eleven segments, photographed in 2000, are rejoined as precisely as the parchment sheets' various small imperfections permit. The grids shown for reference are ones overlaid in the first instance on each segment individually. Hence, as is plainly visible, their horizontal divisions do not invariably quite match. This display of the map permits a viewer to pan the map view (move up/down, left/right) and zoom in and out. For reference and study, a number of thematic layers are overlaid on the map. These may be turned “on” and “off” at will. Detailed instructions for users are included in the map application itself. Layers N.B.: Where there are different strengths or shades of color to be found for a feature on the map (e.g., red for route line work, red fill for mountains), there is no attempt to reproduce the variations in these layers.
Constitutional Fidelity and Extra-Legal Discretion: Justifying Executive Prerogative and Disobedient Disclosure

In this article, I defend the justifiability of both concealed uses of executive prerogative as consistent with the end of self-preservation for which government is constituted by the people and its disobedient disclosure as consistent with the rational interest of the citizens of the constitutional state in non-subordination. Indeed, I argue both prerogative and disclosure are justifiable, despite the latter clearly operating at cross-purposes with the former. I also contend that disobedient disclosure aligns more closely with the justificatory conditions of executive prerogative than more traditions forms of civil disobedience. My discussion is limited to the question of justification, highlighting the normative stakes of delegitimizing either mode of extra-legal discretionary judgment by executive or disclosers respectively.
A 3D multi-threshold, region-growing algorithm for identifying dust storm features from model simulations

Dust storms cause significant damage to health, property, and the environment worldwide every year. To help mitigate the damage, dust forecast models simulate and predict upcoming dust events, providing valuable information to scientists, decision makers, and the public. These simulation outputs are in four-dimensions i.e., latitude, longitude, elevation, and time and represent spatially heterogeneous dust storm features and their evolution over space and time. This research investigates and proposes an automatic multi-threshold, region-growing-based algorithm to identify critical dust storm features from 3D dust storm simulations. A multi-threshold scheme is defined for the identification of dust storm features with different dust concentrations. Based on the multi-thresholds, dust storm features are iteratively identified by developing a region-growing algorithm that splits a clustered dust storm feature into multiple sub-features. The proposed approach is compared with three commonly used methods in image processing and thunderstorm identification. The proposed approach outperforms the other three methods in sensitivity and quantitative/qualitative accuracy. This research approach may also be slightly adjusted to identify critical 3D features from simulation outputs for other severe weather and geographical phenomena.
Output gains from accelerating core inflation

Abstract Previous research finds that the analysis of sacrifice ratios–namely, identifying disinflation episodes, calculating the sacrifice ratio, and looking at its determinants–changes substantially when one moves from headline to core inflation. This paper examines whether similar findings are obtained when examining benefice ratios, and we find arguably even greater differences. Specifically, we see that headline inflation identifies far more inflationary episodes since the 1990s than core inflation does. Furthermore, Jordan’s (1997) argument that the speed of inflation is a negative and significant determinant of benefice ratios does not hold when we move from headline to core inflation, both within the U.S. and also across the OECD. We also find strong evidence that the initial level of GDP at the onset of an inflationary episode matters. In particular, output gains from accelerating inflation appear only to be beneficial for OECD countries that start with a low level of GDP. Conversely, countries that start with a high level of GDP should not pursue additional output gains from allowing a rise in inflation.
460. Very Low Prevalence of Circulating Antibodies Against Common AAV Serotypes in a Population of Cats

An important goal in applied reproductive biology is to devise a reliable method to induce permanent sterility in cats and dogs following a single administration of a bioactive molecule. Although the reproductive system can be manipulated at different levels, it appears desirable to directly target the brain neurons that govern reproductive function. AAV vectors are promising candidates for this role, but their usefulness is hampered by the lack of tissue accessibility and the need of administering high doses. To address this issue and develop novel AAV vectors that effectively target neurons in the cat brain following a single intravenous injection of vector, we are using AAV Barcode-Seq, which allows us to study the biological properties of hundreds of different AAV capsids in an unprecedented, high-throughput manner using next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology. However, success of this approach depends on low prevalence of circulating antibodies against common AAV serotypes such as AAV2 and AAV9 because these serotypes serve as internal reference controls in this system. Therefore, it is essential to investigate the prevalence of neutralizing antibodies against various serotypes in cats for applying the AAV Barcode-Seq to preclinical studies and ultimately for successful translation of AAV vector-mediated gene therapy approaches into the veterinary clinic. Here we report the results of the initial screening of 30 cat serum samples obtained from the Liberty Research Inc. cat colony for the presence of antibodies against a total of 11 different AAV serotypes (AAV1 through 11). Such a study is imperative because a vaccine against feline panleukopenia virus (FPV), a feline parvovirus, is widely used to immunize cats and all the cats to be used for our study will have received that vaccine. In the study, serum samples were incubated in ELISA plates coated with serotype-specific particles followed by addition of an HRP-conjugated anti-cat IgG antibody. Anti-FPV antibody titers were determined by a hemagglutination inhibition test (Cornell University, Animal Health Diagnostic Center). The results showed that the majority of the 30 cats did not harbor any detectable antibodies against AAV1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10 or 11, while modest levels of anti-AAV6 antibodies were detected in two-thirds of the animals. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient between anti-AAV6 and anti-FPV antibody levels was 0.40, showing a positive correlation. In addition, the anti-FPV and anti-AAV6 antibody levels were significantly higher in the cats that had been vaccinated within 99 days prior to the blood sample collection (p=0.005 and p=0.008, respectively). These observations indicate that the prevalence of antibodies against the common AAV serotypes is very low in the population of cats we investigated even though the cats had developed high titers of anti-FPV antibodies, which appear to only cross-react with AAV6. We are currently investigating whether anti-AAV6 antibodies found in cat sera exhibit neutralizing activity.
Prion-based memory of heat stress in yeast.

ABSTRACTAmyloids and amyloid-based prions are self-perpetuating protein aggregates which can spread by converting a normal protein of the same sequence into a prion form. They are associated with diseases in humans and mammals, and control heritable traits in yeast and other fungi. Some amyloids are implicated in biologically beneficial processes. As prion formation generates reproducible memory of a conformational change, prions can be considered as molecular memory devices. We have demonstrated that in yeast, stress-inducible cytoskeleton-associated protein Lsb2 forms a metastable prion in response to high temperature. This prion promotes conversion of other proteins into prions and can persist in a fraction of cells for a significant number of cell generations after stress, thus maintaining the memory of stress in a population of surviving cells. Acquisition of an amino acid substitution required for Lsb2 to form a prion coincides with acquisition of increased thermotolerance in the evolution of Sacch...
Relaxin as a Drug

Spectacular successes, alternating with equally impressive failures, have kept up expectations and, even in the mind of skeptics, enough conditioned doubts for them to recall relaxin whenever connective tissue causes problems.
CONCLUDING REMARKS ON CELL IONIC ACTIVITY AND ELEMENT ANALYSIS

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses that the development of element-specific biophysical approaches permit to test a number of hypotheses which are not directly addressed. It explains the complementary nature of the techniques, that is, electron probe X-ray microanalysis and ion-selective microelectrodes. The reports of triple-barreled microelectrodes provide stable intracellular records over prolonged periods and of data obtained with intracellular Ca2+-selective microelectrodes.
A Climatology of Weakly Forced and Pulse Thunderstorms in the Southeast United States

AbstractWeakly forced thunderstorms (WFTs), convection forming in the absence of a synoptic forcing mechanism and its associated shear regime, are the dominant convective mode during the warm season in the Southeast United States. This study uses 15 years (2001–2015) of warm season (May-September) composite reflectivity images from 30 WSR-88D sites in the Southeastern United States to detect WFTs and pulse thunderstorms, defined as WFTs associated with a severe weather event. Thunderstorms were identified as regions of contiguous reflectivities greater than or equal to 40 dBZ using connected neighborhoods labeling. Ward’s clustering was then performed upon the duration, size, strength, initiation time, and solidity of the approximately 1.9 million resulting thunderstorms. Of the 10 clusters of morphologically similar storms, five groups, containing 885,496 thunderstorms, were designated as WFTs.In line with previous work, WFT development mirrors landscape features, such as the Appalachian Mountains and Mi...
Disaster Preparedness in Primary Care: Ready or Not?

PurposeTo assess perceptions and attitudes toward disasters and disaster planning among outpatient primary care leaders. Methods Written surveys and semi-structured interviews of non-physician clinical managers and physician medical directors were conducted using the 2009 H1N1 pandemic as a case-based scenario at 5 university-affiliated family medicine clinics. Domains assessed included perceived pandemic threat; value, existence, and barriers to creating personal disaster plans; staff absenteeism estimates; barriers to work attendance. Quantitative and qualitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and content analysis with identification and coding of common themes, respectively. Results All 12 invited leaders participated and believed a personal disaster plan was important but only 2 had plans. None had ever discussed with their staff the importance of having a personal disaster plan. Two common barriers in creating a plan were low threat perception level and never considering the possibility of pandemic influenza. Only half of respondents could list common barriers preventing staff from working. Staff were confident employees would come to work during a disaster. Conclusion Outpatient primary care leaders may hold misconceptions regarding future disasters, underestimate their potential impact on clinics, and lack personal preparedness. Further investigation and interventions are needed to ensure clinics can be prepared so they can function and help hospital and emergency services when disasters strike. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2018;12:644-648).
The Local Group on FIRE: dwarf galaxy populations across a suite of hydrodynamic simulations

Author(s): Garrison-Kimmel, S; Hopkins, PF; Wetzel, A; Bullock, JS; Boylan-Kolchin, M; Keres, D; Faucher-Giguere, CA; El-Badry, K; Lamberts, A; Quataert, E; Sanderson, R | Abstract: We present a new set of high-resolution hydrodynamic cosmological zoom-in simulations that apply the Feedback In Realistic Environments physics to both Local Group (LG)-like and isolated MilkyWay (MW)-like volumes (10 host systems in total with a baryonic particle mass ≃3500-7000M⊙).We study the stellar mass functions, circular velocity or mass profiles, and velocity dispersions of the dwarf galaxy populations. The simulations reproduce the stellar mass function and central densities ofMWsatellite dwarfs forM∗≥105.5M⊙ and predict the existence of ∼3 unidentified galaxies with M∗∼ 105M⊙ within 300 kpc of the MW. Overall, we find no evidence for the classical missing satellites or too-big-to-fail (TBTF) problems for satellite galaxies in our sample. Among the satellites, TBTF is resolved primarily by subhalo disruption and overall mass-loss; central density profiles of subhaloes are of secondary importance. For non-satellite galaxies, our LG-like simulations predict as many as ∼10 as-ofyet unseen galaxies at distances 0.3-1Mpc from both hosts, with M∗≃ 105-6M⊙ (in haloes with Vmax ∼ 20 km s-1), albeit with large halo-to-halo variance. None of our simulations produces a compact, baryon-dominated, high-density dwarf elliptical-type galaxy (with Vcirc ≳ 35 km s-1 at r l 1 kpc), of which six may appear in the LG (but none in the MW). It may therefore remain a challenge to reproduce the full diversity of the dwarf population, including both the highest and lowest density systems.
10 – Hormonal Control of Diapause

Publisher Summary This chapter briefly discusses hormonal control of diapause. Diapause is an arrest in development accompanied by a major shutdown in metabolic activity. The evolution of diapause is arguably one of the most critical events bolstering the success of insects. The capacity to periodically shut down development has enabled insects and their arthropod relatives to invade environments that are seasonally hostile. Indeed, very few environments permit continuous insect development. Even in the tropics, where temperatures throughout the year may be compatible with ectotherm development, seasonal patterns of rainfall drive cycles of plant growth that favor insects with the ability to periodically become dormant. Unlike a simple quiescence that is an immediate response to an unfavorable environmental condition, diapause is a genetically programmed response that occurs at a specific stage for each species. Sometimes, the insect will enter diapause at this particular stage in each generation regardless of the environmental conditions it receives—a developmental program referred to as obligatory diapause. Much more frequently, the decision to enter diapause is determined by environmental factors, usually day length, received by that individual or its mother at an earlier developmental stage. This is referred to as facultative diapause.
Target-Controlled Infusions

Target-controlled infusions (TCI) are infusion systems that use a computer controller to modify the rate of infusion of a drug during the course of an anesthetic. They incorporate a pharmacokinetic model that is tailored to patient characteristics. Some TCI systems base their infusion rate solely on this pharmacokinetic model, while others incorporate feedback during anesthetic care to fine-tune the algorithm to actual patient response. Target-controlled infusions offer the potential advantage of rapidly achieving and maintaining a desired depth of anesthesia, while minimizing the interventions required by the anesthesiologist.
An Active Microwave Imaging Technique Using Spatial Frequency Sampling

We present theory and measurements for a new active microwave imaging method that uses incoherent transmission signals and spatial frequency sampling. The 4.95 GHz transmitter consists of two noise generators, while the receive array is a linear array with elements placed in $1\lambda$ increments with widest spacing of $15\lambda$ . We show that Fourier-based image reconstruction techniques traditionally used in passive imaging methods can be used to generate images using active noise transmitters. We demonstrate the reconstruction of three one-dimensional scenes consisting of cylindrical reflecting targets.
Radial Basis Function Networks

Radial basis function (RBF) networks represent a fundamentally different architecture from what we have seen in the previous chapters. All the previous chapters use a feed-forward network in which the inputs are transmitted forward from layer to layer in a similar fashion in order to create the final outputs.
Utilizing the Paleobiology Database to Provide Educational Opportunities for Undergraduates

Integration of research experiences into the undergraduate classroom can result in increased recruitment, retention, and motivation of science students. 'Big data' science initiatives, such as the Paleobiology Database (PBDB), can provide inexpensive and accessible research opportunities. This Element provides an introduction to what the PBDB is, how to use it, how it can be deployed in introductory and advanced courses, and examples of how it has been used in undergraduate research. The PBDB aims to provide information on all fossil organisms, across the tree of life, around the world, and through all of geologic time. The PBDB Resource Page contains a range of PBDB tutorials and activities for use in physical geology, historical geology, paleontology, sedimentology, and stratigraphy courses. As two-year colleges, universities, and distance-based learning initiatives seek research-based alternatives to traditional lab exercises, the PBDB can provide opportunities for hands-on science activities.
Not Your Everyday Globulins.

A 65-year-old man presented with periorbital swelling. Biopsy showed ocular non-Hodgkin lymphoma with plasmacytic differentiation. Serum protein electrophoresis showed a broad increase in staining in the anodal portion of the gamma globulin region (Fig. 1A). Serum immunofixation did not reveal a monoclonal protein; however, atypical anodal migration of polyclonal IgG was noted in comparison to control (Fig. 1B). Fig. 1. Serum protein electrophoresis (A) and immunofixation electrophoresis (B). Anodal migration …
The Role of Honors Teaching Assistants as Community Builders

Within the Van D. and Barbara B. Fishback Honors College at South Dakota State University (SDSU), undergraduate teaching assistants (TAs) are engaged to mentor small groups of students in our first-year Honors Orientation classes. These near-peer guided small groups simulate the benefits of smaller classes within larger sections and promote relationship building within honors. To assess the value of having teaching assistants in these classes, we surveyed both the students enrolled in Honors Orientation as well as the undergraduate TAs. Students felt that relationships, academic support, and smaller group sizes were benefits of TAs in the classroom. The TAs believed the relationships they formed with other students were the primary benefit to their experience, along with growth in teaching and mentoring skills. These results indicate our teaching assistants are important connections between first-year students and the Fishback Honors College.
Billed palliative care services and end-of-life care in patients with hematologic malignancies.

43Background: Patients (pts) with hematologic malignancies (HMs) often receive aggressive care at the end of life (EOL), leading to lower quality of life. Early palliative care (PC) may improve EOL...
Semistar Operations on Commutative Rings: Local Methods

This chapter studies commutative rings by combining the theory of semistar operations developed in the previous chapter with more standard techniques of commutative algebra, specifically the tools of prime ideals, localization, large localization, valuation domains, Manis valuation rings, essential primes, weak Bourbaki associated primes, and strong Krull primes.
Randomised clinical trial to determine the safety of quercetin supplementation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Introduction Quercetin is a plant flavonoid and has potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. In a preclinical model of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), quercetin reduced markers of both oxidative stress and lung inflammation and also reduced rhinovirus-induced progression of lung disease. Although quercetin appears to be an attractive natural alternative to manage COPD, the safety of quercetin supplementation in this population is unknown. Methods We recruited COPD patients with mild-to-severe lung disease with FVE1 ranging between >35% and Results Patients had no study drug-related severe adverse events based on blood tests, which included both complete blood counts and evaluation of comprehensive metabolic panel. One of the patients reported mild adverse events included gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, which was observed in both placebo and quercetin groups. Conclusions Quercetin was safely tolerated up to 2000 mg/day as assessed by lung function, blood profile and COPD assessment test questionnaire. Trial registration number NCT01708278
Performance of an integrated greenhouse equipped with Light-Splitting material and an HDH desalination unit

Abstract The concept of a novel integrated greenhouse is introduced in which a spectral-splitting material is employed to reduce heat transfer to the greenhouse by utilizing part of the solar spectrum for heating a water solar collector. The irradiating solar spectrum is also shifted to wavelengths propitious for plant growth. The solar collector is part of an integrated humidification-dehumidification system that can produce freshwater for plant irrigation from a variety of compromised water sources. In order to evaluate the performance of the proposed integrated greenhouse, a multivariable thermal model is presented which includes the solar collector, the desalination system, and the greenhouse (accounting for the air, the soil, the plants, and the ground). A representative greenhouse is modeled and the results are used to estimate freshwater production and associated reduction in cooling or heating loads. The results of the model are used for evaluating the performance of the representative integrated greenhouse in various locations across the United States. Results suggest that the proposed greenhouse in Phoenix (Arizona, USA) can produce about 85% of required water for tomato growth, while reducing the cooling load by more than 25%.
Organizational Characteristics of Assisted Living Communities With Policies Supportive of Admitting and Retaining Residents in Need of End-of-Life Care.

Background:There has been a rapid increase in the number of residential care/assisted living communities (RC/AL) that allow residents to die in place. The objective of this study was to examine the...
Three thumbs up for social norms

Social norm interventions are widely used to foster residential resource conservation. Now researchers have shown that the effectiveness of providing information about others’ energy use alongside messages of social approval for energy savings behaviour depends on the strength and consistency of these messages.
Impact of a Brief Video to Improve Naloxone Knowledge in Adolescents with Severe Opioid Use Disorder

Purpose: The United States is experiencing drug overdoses at epidemic proportions. In 2009, drug overdose deaths outnumbered deaths due to motor vehicle crashes for the first time. The majority of these deaths are unintentional and opioid-related. The CDC reports that efforts are needed to expand access to and use of naloxone in high risk populations. Naloxone has been widely accepted as safe and effective treatment for opioid overdose reversal. Objective: To assess the impact of a short educational video on …
Detecting CAN Bus Intrusion by Applying Machine Learning Method to Graph Based Features.

Modern vehicle is considered as a system vulnerable to attacks because it is connected to the outside world via a wireless interface. Although, connectivity provides more convenience and features to the passengers, however, it also becomes a pathway for the attackers targeting in-vehicle networks. Research in vehicle security is getting attention as in-vehicle attacks can impact human life safety as modern vehicle is connected to the outside world. Controller area network (CAN) is used as a legacy protocol for in-vehicle communication, However, CAN suffers from vulnerabilities due to lack of authentication, as the information about sender is missing in CAN message. In this paper, a new CAN intrusion detection system (IDS) is proposed, the CAN messages are converted to temporal graphs and CAN intrusion is detected using machine learning algorithms. Seven graph-based properties are extracted and used as features for detecting intrusions utilizing two machine learning algorithms which are support vector machine (SVM) & k-nearest neighbors (KNN). The performance of the IDS was evaluated over three CAN bus attacks are denial of service (DoS), fuzzy & spoofing attacks on real vehicular CAN bus dataset. The experimental results showed that using graph-based features, an accuracy of 97.92% & 97.99% was achieved using SVM & KNN algorithms respectively, which is better than using traditional machine learning CAN bus features.
Locating the Tawa’if Courtesan-Dancer: Cinematic Constructions of Religion and Nation

The development of the Hindi/Urdu cinema is intimately connected to the history of artistic performance in India in two important ways. Not only did hereditary music and dance practitioners play ke...
Management of Morbidity and Mortality in a New Zealand White Rabbit Model of Steroid- Induced Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head.

Steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (SONFH) is a condition documented in humans and animals exposed to chronic steroid administration. The rabbit has become a preferred animal model for investigating the pathogenesis and treatment of SONFH due to its shared femoral vascular anatomy with human patients, relative size of the femoral head, and general fecundity. However, morbidity and mortality are frequent during the steroid induction period, prior to surgical manipulation. These problems are poorly reported and inadequately described in the literature. In this study, we report the clinical, gross, and histopathologic findings of New Zealand white (NZW) rabbits undergoing the steroid induction phase of the SONFH model. Severe weight loss (>30%), lipemia, hypercholesterolemia, hyperglycemia, and elevations in ALT and AST were consistent findings across all rabbits, although these changes did not differentiate asymptomatic rabbits from those that became clinically symptomatic or died. Euthanized and spontaneously deceased rabbits exhibited hepatomegaly, hepatic lipidosis/glycogenosis, and hepatocellular necrosis, in addition to a lipid-rich and proteinaceous thoracic effusion. A subset of rabbits developed opportunistic pulmonary infections with Bordetella bronchiseptica and Escherichia coli and small intestine infections with Lawsonia intracellularis superimposed on hepatic and thoracic disease. Together, these findings allowed us to establish a clinical decision-making flowchart that reduced morbidities and mortalities in a subsequent cohort of SONFH rabbits. Recognition of these model-associated morbidities is critical for providing optimal clinical care during the disease induction phase of SONFH.
SIMS Apparatus to Study Ion Impact Desorption

The desorption of surface impurities on metals by ion impact is a topic of growing interest in fusion energy research [1]. Plasma contamination caused by impurity release from the walls and fixtures in a tokamak can prevent attainment of the temperatures needed to sustain fusion reactions. Consequently, materials are being sought that have minimal impurity release characteristics in a plasma environment. Since ion impact desorption (IID) is a dominant mechanism for impurity release from solids exposed to plasmas, it is important to evaluate IID processes that occur on materials considered for use inside tokamaks. Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) is well-suited for studying these IID processes; the probing ion beam can be used to simulate the particle flux materials experience from plasmas.
Targeting the ER-autophagy system in the trabecular meshwork to treat glaucoma

A major drainage network involved in aqueous humor dynamics is the conventional outflow pathway, which is gated by the trabecular meshwork (TM). The TM acts as a molecular sieve, providing resistance to aqueous outflow, which is responsible for regulating intraocular pressure (IOP). If the TM is damaged, aqueous outflow is impaired, IOP increases and glaucoma can manifest. Mutations in the MYOC gene cause hereditary primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) by promoting the abnormal amyloidosis of the myocilin protein in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), leading to ER stress-induced TM cell death. Myocilin accumulation is observed in approximately 70-80% of all glaucoma cases suggesting that environmental or other genetic factors may also promote myocilin toxicity. For example, simply preventing myocilin glycosylation is sufficient to promote its abnormal accretion. These myocilin amyloids are unique as there are no other known pathogenic proteins that accumulate within the ER of TM cells and cause toxicity. Moreover, this pathogenic accumulation only kills TM cells, despite expression of this protein in other cell types, suggesting that another modifier exclusive to the TM participates in the proteotoxicity of myocilin. ER autophagy (reticulophagy) is one of the pathways essential for myocilin clearance that can be impacted dramatically by aging and other environmental factors such as nutrition. This review will discuss the link between myocilin and autophagy, evaluating the role of this degradation pathway in glaucoma as well as its potential as a therapeutic target.
Franc D. Ingraham and the genesis of pediatric neurosurgery.

In 1929, Franc D. Ingraham, Harvey Cushing's protege, established the first pediatric neurosurgical unit in the world at Boston Children's Hospital and dedicated his career to the neurosurgical care of children. He trained with both Cushing and Dandy and spent 1 year working in Oxford with Sherrington, who considered Ingraham to be the finest operative surgeon ever to work in his laboratory. Ingraham was instrumental in developing novel treatments, which he compiled in his classic book, Neurosurgery of Infancy and Childhood. Although he was modest and shy, Ingraham loved to entertain children with magic and enjoyed photography in and out of the operating room. Unfortunately, his career was plagued by personal illness, and he died young in 1965 at the age of 67. Despite his prolific 36-year neurosurgical career, Ingraham remained an associate professor at Harvard at his retirement. To recognize his remarkable contributions, Harvard established an endowed chair in his name in 1967. Ingraham was a pioneer an...
Respiration of Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus strain 109J and its energy substrates for intraperiplasmic growth.

Abstract Measurements of oxidation rates, respiratory quotients (RQ), and release of 14CO2 from uniformly labeled substrates showed that glutamate, α-ketoglutarate, and synthetic and natural amino acid mixtures are oxidized by suspensions of Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus strain 109J. The oxidation of these substrates largely suppress the endogenous respiration of the Bdellovibrio cells and may or may not cause a small increase, 20 to 50%, in their rate of oxygen consumption. The failure of respired substrates to increase markedly the respiration rate of the Bdellovibrio cells over the endogenous value is discussed. Carbon from these substrates is incorporated into the Bdellovibrio cells during oxidation. Acetate is also oxidized, but its oxidation inhibits endogenous respiration by only about 40% and no acetate is assimilated. The RQ of the Bdellovibrio cells changes from a value characteristic of endogenous respiration to that characteristic of the oxidation of glutamate or of a balanced amino mixture very shortly after the attack of the Bdellovibrio cells on their prey, and the latter RQ is maintained during intraperiplasmic growth. Glutamate, or a mixture of amino acids in the external environment, contributes to the carbon dioxide produced by the Bdellovibrio cells growing intraperiplasmically. It is concluded from these data that amino acids, derived from the breakdown of the protein of the prey, serve as a major energy source during intraperiplasmic growth of B. bacteriovorus 108J. Insofar as they were tested, B. bacteriovorus strains 109D and A. 3. 12 were similar in respiration to strain 109J.