cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Eight Cooking Treatments for Energy Utilization, Product Yields, and Quality of Roasted Turkey

Abstract Eight treatments were utilized for roasting turkeys to compare energy utilization, calculate product yields, and obtain panel sensory evaluations on the cooked breasts. Treatments included two temperature levels in four ovens: conventional electric, microwave, convection, and microwave-convection. Findings revealed that the microwave oven, operated at a medium-high energy level, registered significantly (P≤.05) lower energy utilization than the microwave-convection at the low power setting and the conventional oven at 135 C (275 F) and 190 C (375 F). Yield differences among the eight treatments were not statistically significant (P≥.05). However, yields ranged from 45.3% with the conventional oven set at 190 C to a low of 40.0% with the microwave-convection at the low mix energy level. Panel ratings for flavor and overall acceptability of quality were significantly higher for turkey prepared in the convection oven (135 C) when compared to that prepared in the conventional oven at 190 C, the microwave at either medium-low or medium-high energy levels, or the microwave-convection oven at either low or high energy levels. Moisture was also rated higher in the convection oven (135 C) over four of the other treatments. With all treatments and all of the five turkey characteristics rated, (color, texture, moisture, flavor, and overall acceptability) all parameters registered an above average evaluation.
Photuris Mysticalampas (Coleoptera: Lampyridae): A New Firefly from Peatland Floodplain Forests of the Delmarva Peninsula

Photuris mysticalampas sp. nov., is described herein. This species can be distin- guished from other Photurids by the combination of its small size, oval body shape, the dense pubes- cent appearance of the elytra, and flash pattern. Adults emerge at night from Sphagnum spp. hum- mocks in acidic peatland floodplain forests and fly slowly among dense understory vegetation at <2m height. Typical flash pattern is a slow signal (0.4 - 0.8 sec) of moderate luminosity for a Photuris repeated at 3 - 7 sec intervals. The species is known only from three sites in two watersheds in Sussex County, Delaware.
Larval nutrition affects lipid storage and growth,but not protein or carbohydrate storage in newly eclosed adults of the grasshopper Schistocerca americana

Nitrogen availability from dietary protein can have profound effects on the physiology and evolutionary ecology of insect herbivores. While many studies consider the effects of nutrition on consumption and gross body composition of protein and other important nutrients, few consider partitioning to storage for future use. I used chemically defined artificial diets to quantitatively manipulate the amount of dietary carbohydrates and proteins available to growing larvae of the grasshopper Schistocerca americana to determine how larval nutrient availability affects growth and all three classes of stored nutrients (proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates) carried over from larval feeding into adulthood. Larvae on poor diets increased consumption, but could not compensate for diet quality, eclosing small and containing no significant nutrient stores at adulthood. Individuals fed intermediate to high nutrient content diets as larvae were significantly larger and contained a significantly greater proportion of lipid stores at adult eclosion, but not protein or carbohydrate stores than individuals fed low nutrient content diets. This suggests that larvally derived lipid stores may be more important to adult fitness than carbohydrate or protein stores. This result is contrary to previous studies performed on the role of larval nutrition and allocation to protein stores, and this difference is likely due to variation in the relative availability of protein in adult diets across species.
Conjectural Equilibrium in Multiagent Learning

Learning in a multiagent environment is complicated by the fact that as other agents learn, the environment effectively changes. Moreover, other agents‘ actions are often not directly observable, and the actions taken by the learning agent can strongly bias which range of behaviors are encountered. We define the concept of a conjectural equilibrium, where all agents‘ expectations are realized, and each agent responds optimally to its expectations. We present a generic multiagent exchange situation, in which competitive behavior constitutes a conjectural equilibrium. We then introduce an agent that executes a more sophisticated strategic learning strategy, building a model of the response of other agents. We find that the system reliably converges to a conjectural equilibrium, but that the final result achieved is highly sensitive to initial belief. In essence, the strategic learner‘s actions tend to fulfill its expectations. Depending on the starting point, the agent may be better or worse off than had it not attempted to learn a model of the other agents at all.
Differentially regulated gene expression associated with hepatitis C virus clearance

Human chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections pose a significant public health threat, necessitating the development of novel treatments and vaccines. HCV infections range from spontaneous resolution to end-stage liver disease. Approximately 10–30 % of HCV infections undergo spontaneous resolution independent of treatment by yet-to-be-defined mechanisms. These individuals test positive for anti-HCV antibodies in the absence of detectable viral serum RNA. To identify genes associated with HCV clearance, this study compared gene expression profiles between current drug users chronically infected with HCV and drug users who cleared their HCV infection. This analysis identified 91 differentially regulated (up- or downregulated by twofold or more) genes potentially associated with HCV clearance. The majority of genes identified were associated with immune function, with the remaining genes categorized either as cancer related or ‘other’. Identification of factors and pathways that may influence virus clearance will be essential to the development of novel treatment strategies.
Treatment of acromioclavicular joint separation: Suture or suture anchors?*

Abstract This investigation compared the stability of 2 methods of fixation for acromioclavicular (AC) joint separations. A complete AC joint separation was simulated in 6 matched pairs of fresh-frozen human cadaveric shoulders. One specimen from each pair was repaired with two No. 5 nonabsorbable braided sutures passed around the base of the coracoid and the other with 2 suture anchors preloaded with the same suture material placed into the base of the coracoid process. The specimens were cyclically loaded for 10 4 cycles to simulate our early postoperative rehabilitation protocol for coracoclavicular repairs. Before cycling, the repairs had a mean superior laxity of 1.68 ± 0.44 mm for the sutures alone and 1.23 ± 0.31 mm for the suture anchors. After 10 4 cycles, the laxity was 1.32 ± 0.59 mm and 1.33 ± 0.94 mm, respectively. These differences were not statistically significant (P =.2). This study demonstrated that similar stability can be achieved for coracoclavicular fixation with suture anchors or with sutures placed around the base of the coracoid for the treatment of AC joint separations. The clinical relevance includes the following: (1) the potentially diminished risk of neurovascular injury with the use of suture anchors compared with the passage of sutures around the base of the coracoid and (2) the potentially reduced surgical time associated with the use of suture anchors. (J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2002;11:225-9)
Solid-State Physical Phenomena and Effects Part III

This is the second in a series of four articles designed to provide ready information to workers in the field of molecular electronics. Fifteen additional solid-state phenomena and physical effects are described. Each of these phenomena belongs to a group whose effects depend either upon the transport of electrons and holes or upon the band structure of the material.
Liszt and Bad Taste

Everyone will probably agree that no great musician has been as frequently accused of bad taste as Liszt. And everyone will probably also agree that these accusations have had no effect on his stature as a great musician, even among the accusers. So what is bad taste, then, if it is so easily separable from artistic stature? It is a concept that has been poorly historicized or contextualized, if at all. This paper is an attempt to start the process, using Liszt as bellwether.
California scan architecture for high quality and low power testing

This paper presents a scan architecture - California scan - that achieves high quality and low power testing by modifying test patterns in the test application process. The architecture is feasible because most of the bits in the test patterns generated by ATPG tools are don't-care bits. Scan shift-in patterns have their don't-care bits assigned using the repeat-fill technique, reducing switching activity during the scan shift-in operation; the scan shift-in patterns are altered to toggle-fill patterns when they are applied to the combinational logic, improving defect coverage.
Increased hospitalizations in elderly with inflammatory bowel disease on anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy but not increased infections: A community practice experience

Elderly IBD patients are at an increased risk for adverse events with therapy because of increased comorbidity, polypharmacy, and age-related physiologic changes. Anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) therapy has been shown to improve remission rates and reduce rates of surgery and hospitalizations.1However, few studies have investigated the safety of anti-TNF therapy in elderly IBD patients. Our experience from a community practice specialized in treating patients with inflammatory bowel disease was included. Fifty-four patients on anti-TNF were identified with 16 (29.6%) patients over 65 years old (9 men; 7 with ulcerative infection (UC) and 9 …
On the Dominator Colorings in Bipartite Graphs

A graph has a dominator coloring if it has a proper coloring in which each vertex of the graph dominates every vertex of some color class. The dominator chromatic number Xd(G) is the minimum number of color classes in a dominator coloring of a graph G. In this paper we study the dominator chromatic number for the hypercube, Qn = Qn- times K2 (with Q1 cong P2, n ges 2), and more generally for bipartite graphs. We then conclude it with open questions for further research
Visits by the elderly to United States EDs for alcohol-related disorders ☆,☆☆

Objectives The objectives are to estimate the number of elderly patients presenting to emergency departments (EDs) in the United States from 2006 to 2011 for alcohol-related disorders and examine their demographic and clinical features.
A Josephson analog limiter circuit

The authors have designed, fabricated and successfully tested a Josephson integrated circuit that is used to limit the range of an analog input signal. The circuit consists of a single Josephson junction with a suppressed critical current. The impedance of this suppressed junction consists of the nonlinear quasiparticle resistance in parallel with the capacitance of the junction. The junction capacitance is used to advantage as one pole of a second-order low-pass filter, the other element of which is a thin-film inductor. This filter can perform the function of a slew-rate-limiting filter, at the input to a high-speed comparator. The authors fabricated individual junctions and measured their suppression characteristics and have found that a 2- mu m*4.5 mu m junction with a nominal critical current of 170 mu A can be suppressed to less than 4 mu A of critical current with a 14-mA control current. Complete limiter circuits have been fabricated and tested for both their DC and transient characteristics. Measured DC response is in good agreement with simulation, but parasitic capacitance present in the fabricated devices limited the -3 dB bandwidth to about 3.6 GHz. >
Speed Training: Library Instruction in 30 Minutes or Less

A question plaguing many librarians today is how we get information out about our resources and services when everyone is so busy. One answer may be to offer express classes. Since the spring of 2013, the Lichtenberger Engineering Library at the University of Iowa has offered a series of 15-30 minute drop-in classes as part of a series called Library Xpress Classes. This series targeted one topic each week and repeated the same class twice each Thursday to reach a broader range of people. Fifty classes have been offered over the two semesters. These sessions were open to faculty, staff, graduate, and undergraduate students. Topics covered include basics on popular databases (Compendex, SciFinder, PubMed, etc.), citation management software (Endnote and Refworks), alerts and notifications, and popular types of resources (patents and standards). The classes are not set up to cover everything completely but just to give an overview and brief introduction to products and services that otherwise might not be seen. The sessions are taught by librarians with different areas of expertise from the range of libraries on campus. Some classes were more successful than others; the citation management software sessions were the most popular. In the spring 2013 semester, the classes averaged a 4.5 in overall usefulness rating on a scale of 1-5 with 5 being most useful. More students attended the 2:30 pm afternoon sessions and most of the attendees were graduate students. The classes often have repeat students. In one class on Refworks, a graduate student noted he had never heard of Compendex until it was mentioned in this class. He, then, went on to sign up for 4 more of the sessions offered that semester as soon as he realized how helpful they were. The Xpress Class series has proven to be an overall success. As time goes on the Library will continue to make adjustments to the programs so that it will continue to improve its outreach to students, faculty, and staff.
The Role of Field Experience in Elementary Preservice Teachers' Self-Efficacy and Ability to Connect Research to Practice.

Though the importance of including practicum experiences in programs for the preparation of elementary preservice teachers is generally accepted, the nature of these experiences on the development of skills in teaching science can vary greatly. This study compares the effect of variations in field experiences at two institutions, one which included a practicum that was not connected to the science methods course and instructor and the other where the practicum was concurrent with and taught by the methods instructor. Interview data and results of the STEBI-B were collected across four years, with a total n = 129. The concurrent, embedded practicum yielded consistent increases in self-efficacy across the semesters. Also after the embedded practicum, preservice teachers showed greater understanding in research-based science teaching practices.
Establishing a lower bound on systolic execution time

A tool called the systolic precedence diagram (SPD), for use in the systematic mapping of compute-bound algorithms into time-optimal systolic architectures, is presented. The SPD graphically displays the computations in accordance with the algorithmic precedence rules under the systolic requirements. It provides a model from which parallel operations are identified and establishes a lower bound on the systolic execution time of an algorithm. >
Geology of the Precambrian rocks between Elizabethtown and Mineville, eastern Adirondacks, New York

The northern part of the Elizabethtown and Port Henry quadrangles, which includes the largest surficial exposure of olivine metagabbro in the Adirondack Precambrian rocks, was mapped at a scale of 1:15,840. The area is dominated by meta-igneous rocks of four types, which probably intruded in the following sequence (from earliest to latest): granitic gneiss, anorthosite, garnet-pyroxene gneiss, and metagabbro. The metagabbroic complex is a multiple intrusion forming a basinlike structure, with the central part still covered by a roof complex of granitic gneisses. The limited scale of the in situ differentiation could not produce the observed range of compositions; therefore, differentiation prior to intrusion is postulated. The observed differentiation trend toward lower silica content can be explained by pyroxene fractionation. Intrusive relationships are evident from locally preserved chilled margins in gabbros and from the development of hybrid zones in the surrounding granitic gneisses; these zones are especially common in the roof complex. Granulite facies metamorphism produced garnet-bearing mineral assemblages, but igneous assemblages and textures are still well preserved. The garnet-pyroxene gneiss is characterized by the metamorphic assemblage plagioclase + garnet + clinopyroxene and by the presence of blue plagioclase mega-crysts. The gneiss forms intrusive sill-like bodies, usually in contact with anorthosite. In some places, the contact is transitional, suggesting a possible comagmatic origin.
Automatic remote home monitoring of implantable cardioverter defibrillator lead and generator function: a system that tests itself everyday

The implantation of cardiac electronic devices (CIEDs) has increased exponentially over the last decade in response to widening indications. Assessment of post-implant system performance is an important responsibility but challenging in view of increasing volume, device complexity, and advisory notices. Automatic remote home monitoring (HM) may satisfy these difficult monitoring demands. When tested, HM enhanced the discovery of system issues (even when asymptomatic) and enabled prompt clinical decisions regarding conservative vs. surgical management. This form of remote monitoring may form a device management model in which near-continuous remote surveillance of CIED performance is combined with automatic self-declaration of system problems, enabling prompt medical decisions. The ability to collect detailed device-specific data, with component function assessed daily, sets a precedent for longitudinal evaluation of lead and generator performance. These characteristics have significant ramifications for CIEDs in general and patient safety.
Electric properties of macromolecules. VIII. Kerr constants and rotational diffusion of some proteins in water and in glycerol—water solutions

Kerr constants and birefringence relaxation times were measured on gamma-globulin (I) in aqueous solution and on bovine serum albumin (II), beta-lactoglobulin (III), ovalbumin, (IV), ribonuclease (V), lysozyme (VI), and chymotrypsin (VII) in glycerol–water solutions. Rotational diffusion constants were calculated from the data and were compared with those calculated from the protein dimensions obtained by other methods. The calculated and observed rotational diffusion constants were in excellent agreement for I, IV, V, and VII, and were within a factor of two for III. VI showed evidence of aggregation and II gave a low relaxation time in glycerol–water solution, apparently because of a structural change or a localized solvent viscosity effect. The earlier results for maximum dimensions based upon the dielectric relaxation time method were found to be in agreement with present findings in a number of instances, in spite of the possible complication of the dielectric method by ionic polarization effects.
Numerical Simulation of the Development of the Intermediate-Scale Cyclone in a Moist Model Atmosphere.

Abstract The genesis and development of an intermediate-scale cyclone in middle latitudes was simulated numerically and its three-dimensional structure analysed. A six-level moist primitive equation model was run for a channel flow with an initial weak baroclinicity. The motion was initiated in the flow by introducing wave motion with wavelength of 6000 km. As the initial disturbance was intensified, an extended front developed and, after several days in real time, an intermediate-scale disturbance was formed on the extended front. The analysis indicates that this secondary cyclone has a longitudinal wavelength of about 1500 km and a latitudinal half-wavelength of about 600 km. The depression is observed most strongly below 700 mb with a vertical or slightly eastward tilted trough axis. A sharp concentration of isotherms is situated in the northern part of the cyclone. In the lower troposphere, the warm air is observed on the cast side of the low center and the cold air on the west side. This thermal cont...
Time-Dependent Properties of Statically Deformed Glassy Polymers: Dynamic Modulus and Gas Transport

After an amorphous polymer has been cooled from above to substantially below its glass transition temperature, its volume decreases continuously with time under isothermal conditions, as has long been recognized.1 This spontaneous volume contraction is accompanied by a progressive decrease in the mobility of short molecular segments and therefore by an increase in the relaxation times which affect the viscoelastic and other physical properties of the glassy polymer, as discussed by Struik.2,3 This physical aging process can be reversed, at least somewhat, by applying a finite tensile strain, which gives an increase in volume. Immediately thereafter, aging begins anew at an increased rate.
Detection of lymph node involvement in cancer.

Several authors , 6 1 1 , 1 3 , I 4 , 1 6 , 1 8 have recently re-emphasized the importance of meticulous examination of surgical specimens for the detection of involved lymph nodes in predicting the prospect of survival of patients with carcinoma. One might conclude from these reports that the frequency of discovery of lymphatic metastasis is almost directly proportional to the inquisitiveness and patience of the pathologist. Most pathologists will agree that present methods of identifying lymph nodes are generally unsatisfactory, and various workers have offered special technics for recognizing and counting lymph nodes in gross pathologic specimens' . In discussing mammary carcinoma, Ackerman suggested that the most complete way to examine the axilla would be to clear the tissue and section each node serially. He added that such a study is of doubtful practicality because of its length and expense. As a solution to the problem of finding more nodes for microscopic examination, he resorted to meticulous dissection of blocks of fresh tissue in a strong light. After employing this technic for seven years he was able to recognize lymph nodes as small as 2 mm. and to increase the average number of nodes found from 5.5 to 26.9 per specimen. Approaching the problem of lymphatic metastasis from a different viewpoint, Saphir demonstrated the importance of more careful examination of each lymph node which is removed. He made serial sections of 149 lymph nodes from 30 patients with mammary cancer and found carcinoma in nodes from 10 patients which previously had been reported negative after examination of a single section of each node. It becomes apparent that single microscopic sections of each node will not give an accurate index of metastasis. Serial section of all nodes is obviously impractical. Saphir also points out that carcinomatous lymph nodes are not necessarily enlarged or firm and quotes Greenough and Mills' who found secondary carcinoma in nearly half of a large number of cases of mammary cancer which had no clinically enlarged nodes. Gilchrist and David" studied cleared specimens of rectum and colon after injecting the blood vessels with red lead (modified Spalteholz method). They found an average of 52 lymph nodes per specimen with 68 per cent containing metastatic carcinoma. Grinnell H studied rectal carcinoma with a similar technic and found metastasis in 55 per cent of the cases. He was able to identify 52 nodes per specimen. Monroe used the same method for studying mammary cancer. After clearing, he discovered 30.4 nodes per specimen and concluded
Pseudomembranous enterocolitis: a review of its diverse forms.

Recognized since the 1890s, pseudomembranous enterocolitis is a distressing paradox of medical progress. It occurs as an untoward, and often fatal, complication of modern therapy and hospitalization. Pseudomembranous enterocolitis has been associated with gastrointestinal surgery, staphylococcal infections, high-risk newborns, and antibiotic therapy. The only common thread in this nosological patchwork is the gross and histological appearance of the pseudomembrane. A review of the diverse forms of enterocolitis
Stacking of Hexagonal Nanocrystal Layers during Langmuir–Blodgett Deposition

Hexagonally ordered close-packed monolayers of sterically stabilized FePt nanocrystals were deposited on substrates using the Langmuir–Blodgett technique. Monolayers of nanocrystals were also stacked by sequential Langmuir–Blodgett transfer. The structures of the nanocrystal monolayers and multilayer stacks were examined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and grazing-incidence small-angle scattering (GISAXS). An analytical model derived from the quasikinematic approximation provides a convenient description of the GISAXS data of the stacked layers. The transferred monolayers showed good in-plane hexagonal order, even for trilayers. Bilayers exhibited spatial registry with the top layer positioned above the 3-fold coordinated sites of the bottom layer. Trilayers, on the other hand, exhibited significant disorder.
Tracing our roots: the rocky road toward recognition of clinical laboratory science's professional status (1962-1977).

OBJECTIVE To discuss the progress clinical laboratory science made between 1962 and 1977 toward developing and acquiring characteristics associated with the traditional professions of medicine and law. DESIGN A survey of literature on the history of clinical laboratory science was conducted. References consulted included various books and professional journals. CONCLUSION Between 1962 and 1977, the field of clinical laboratory science experienced many changes. Medical technologists in supervisory positions became more involved in higher management functions, such as organizing and directing laboratory operations. Clinical laboratory science educators developed graduate programs that would prepare faculty for positions in two- and four-year colleges and in hospital-based programs.
Aging and Health in Old Age

This article is a revision of the previous edition article by K.G. Manton, volume 1, pp. 304–310, © 2001, Elsevier Ltd.
Engineering Miniature Imaging Instruments

Miniature instruments are being developed with millimeter dimensions for in vivo imaging with performance approaching that of conventional laboratory microscopes used in basic science. This reduction in size allows for in vivo imaging to visualize pathology in hollow organs to guide biopsy, identify surgical margins, and localize disease. Recently, significant advances have been made in endomicroscopy technology, including in optical designs, light sources, optical fibers, and miniature scanners, allowing for improved resolution, greater tissue penetration, and multi-spectral imaging. Key performance goals that challenge our engineering capabilities include the need for large displacements, high scan speeds, linear motions, and mechanical stability in a scaled-down instrument package. Tiny scanning and actuation mechanisms must be reduced in size for in vivo imaging and performed with high speeds to ultimately achieve fast two- and three-dimensional beam scanning, representing a significant challenge for this field. Here, we present several representative miniature imaging technologies that are currently under development. We have included novel methods for cross-sectional imaging with deep tissue penetration, wide area surveillance, and high-resolution microscopy. These emerging technologies represent only a small fraction of the exciting new developments that promise to generate new knowledge about human biology and diseases in the near future.
In-vivo quantitative assessment of the therapeutic response in a mouse model of collagen-induced arthritis using 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography

Background: Mouse collagen induced arthritis (CIA) is the most commonly used animal model to investigate underlying pathogenesis of autoimmune arthritis and to demonstrate therapeutic efficacy of novel drugs in autoimmune arthritis. The conventional read out of CIA are clinical score and histopathology, which have several limitations including (i) subjected to observer bias; (ii) longitudinal therapeutic efficacy of a new drug cannot be determined. Thus a robust, non-invasive, in vivo drug screening tool is currently an unmet need. Here we have assessed the utility of 18F-FDG PET as an in vivo screening tool for anti-inflammatory drugs using the mouse CIA model. Method: The radiotracer 18F-FDG and a PET scanner were employed to monitor CIA disease activity before and after murine anti-TNF-α antibody (CNTO5048) therapy in the mouse CIA model. Radiotracer concentration was derived from PET images for individual limb joints and on a per-limb basis and Spearman's correlation coefficient (ρ) was determined with clinical score and histology of the affected limbs. Results: CNTO5048 efficiently improved arthritis as evidenced by clinical score and histopathology. PET showed an increased uptake of 18F-FDG with the progression of the disease and a significant decrease post-treatment. 18F-FDG uptake patterns showed a strong correlation with clinical score (ρ=0.71, p<0.05) and histopathology (ρ=0.76, p<0.05). Conclusions: This study demonstrates the potential of 18F-FDG PET as a tool for in vivo drug screening for inflammatory arthritis and to monitor the therapeutic effects in a longitudinal setting. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
A Comparative Study of Replication-Incompetent and -Competent Adenoviral Therapy-Mediated Immune Response in a Murine Glioma Model

Oncolytic virotherapy is a treatment approach with increasing clinical relevance, as indicated by the marked survival benefit seen in animal models and its current exploration in human patients with cancer. The use of an adenovirus vector for this therapeutic modality is common, has significant clinical benefit in animals, and its efficacy has recently been linked to an anti-tumor immune response that occurs following tumor antigen presentation. Here, we analyzed the adaptive immune system's response following viral infection by comparing replication-incompetent and replication-competent adenoviral vectors. Our findings suggest that cell death caused by replication-competent adenoviral vectors is required to induce a significant anti-tumor immune response and survival benefits in immunocompetent mice bearing intracranial glioma. We observed significant changes in the repertoire of immune cells in the brain and draining lymph nodes and significant recruitment of CD103+ dendritic cells (DCs) in response to oncolytic adenoviral therapy, suggesting the active role of the immune system in anti-tumor response. Our data suggest that the response to oncolytic virotherapy is accompanied by local and systemic immune responses and should be taken in consideration in the future design of the clinical studies evaluating oncolytic virotherapy in patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM).
Photon blockade in two-emitter-cavity systems

The photon blockade (PB) effect in emitter-cavity systems depends on the anharmonicity of the ladder of dressed energy eigenstates. The recent developments in color center photonics are leading toward experimental demonstrations of multiemitter-cavity solid-state systems with an expanded set of energy levels compared to the traditionally studied single-emitter systems. We focus on the case of $N=2$ nonidentical quasiatoms strongly coupled to a nanocavity in the bad cavity regime (with parameters within reach of the color center systems), and discover three PB mechanisms: polaritonic, subradiant, and unconventional. The polaritonic PB, which is the conventional mechanism studied in single-emitter-cavity systems, also occurs at the polariton frequencies in multiemitter systems. The subradiant PB is a new interference effect owing to the inhomogeneous broadening of the emitters which results in a purer and a more robust single-photon emission than the polaritonic PB. The unconventional PB in the modeled system corresponds to the suppression of the single- and two-photon correlation statistics and the enhancement of the three-photon correlation statistic. Using the effective Hamiltonian approach, we unravel the origin and the time-domain evolution of these phenomena.
Development of robust pressure management strategies for geologic CO2 sequestration

Abstract Injecting CO2 into deep geologic formations for permanent storage can potentially lead to leakage or induced seismicity if the overpressures exceed the fracture gradient or fault re-activation pressure. Strategies that remove reservoir fluids before or after injection may reduce these risks. But, even extensively characterized reservoirs can have substantial gaps in characterization necessary for developing optimal deterministic or even probabilistic pressure management strategies. The characterization data may not provide well-defined bounds or distributions of reservoir parameters or conditions (permeability, fault locations, fracture gradient, fault reactivation pressure). To assess the impact of these uncertainties, we present an approach for evaluating alternative pressure management strategies based on their robustness of meeting project performance criteria. We quantify the robustness of alternative strategies against several criteria: (1) exceeding fault re-activation pressure, (2) failing to inject a desired quantity of CO2, (3) exceeding a maximum quantity of extracted brine, and (4) failing to reach a desired extraction efficiency. Our approach allows nuances of competing and complimentary criteria to be quantitatively evaluated in a manner and in a level of detail not possible with optimization approaches. We illustrate the fundamentals of the approach on a simple one-dimensional analytical example using the Thiem equation. We demonstrate the approach using a numerical flow and transport model with uncertain heterogeneous permeabilities using data and site characteristics from the Rock Springs Uplift Carbon Storage Site in southwestern Wyoming.
Abstract 17402: Pathological Findings of Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy Relating to Chatecholamine Toxicity: The Study Using Human Left Ventricular Endomyocardial Biopsy Specimens in the Acute Phase

Introduction: Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy (TTC) is characterized by transient hypokinesis of the left ventricular (LV) apex and mid-ventricular regions, and hyperkinesis of the LV base, without signif...
The M-Maze task: An automated method for studying fear memory in rats exposed to protracted aversive conditioning.

Abstract Background Fear conditioning (FC) in rodents is the most used animal model to investigate the neurobiology of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Although research using FC has generated a better understanding of fear memories, studies often rely on mild or moderate FC training and behavioral analysis generally focuses on measuring freezing responses within few test sessions. New method We introduce the M-Maze task, a system that measures extinction of conditioned fear using suppression of operant behavior. The apparatus consists of an M-shaped maze where rats are trained to alternate nose poking at two pellet dispensers. Proximity sensors measure the animal’s locomotion, as well as the latencies and number of operant behaviors. Here we also describe the protracted aversive conditioning (PAC), a rat model of severe fear that induces resistant extinction following a 4-day conditioning protocol that combines delay, unpredictable, and short- and long-trace conditioning. Results An intense one-day auditory FC protocol induced a sharp elevation in transit time and suppression of nose pokes by conditioned cues, but in contrast to what is found in PTSD patients, fear extinction was rapidly observed. On the other hand, PAC alone or in combination with exposure to single prolonged stress induced persistent extinction impairments in M-Maze tests, as well as enhanced anxiety, and social withdrawal. Comparison with other existing methods The M-Maze task is fully automated and allows multiple animals to be tested simultaneously in long-term experiments. Moreover, PAC training can be an alternative approach to study extinction-resistant fear. Conclusions The M-Maze task allows rapid and unbiased measurements of fear-induced suppression. We suggest that long-term assessment of extinction impairments would lead to a better understanding of the neurobiology of persistent fear and the screening for new therapies.
CORYNEBACTERIUM PROSTHETIC AORTIC VALVE ENDOCARDITIS SUCCESSFULLY TREATED WITH EDWARDS SAPIEN 3 TRANSCATHETER VALVE REPLACEMENT

Corynebacterium species is an uncommon organism involved in prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE). It is a common skin flora, however it can be a pathogen in endocarditis especially in immunocompromised patients or patients with prosthetic valves. The treatment for congestive heart failure (CHF) in
Using Focus Groups and Stakeholder Surveys to Revise the MPA Curriculum

Data generated by focus groups and stakeholder surveys indicated that revisions were necessary in three components of the MPA curriculum at Western Michigan University. Due to the strong support ac...
Initiation Mechanisms Used in the Translation of Bicistronic mRNAs

The mechanism and control of eukaryotic protein synthesis have been the topic of many review articles in the past few years.1–15 While some have dealt in fine detail with parts of the process, others have focused more on control than mechanism. In large part, all of these reviews have dealt with what is considered “normal” eukaryotic protein synthesis. This begins with a messenger RNA (mRNA) with a 5′ terminal m7G cap structure, usually a 5′ untranslated region of 30–150 bases followed by a coding region which begins with the Met-transfer RNA: (tRNAi) initiating AUG codon in the following favored context: A/GXXAUGG. The mRNA usually contains several hundred bases 3′ to the coding region and is followed by a poly(A) tail, where the poly(A) length is 100–150 bases. A generalized pathway describing the sequential utilization of translation factors has been proposed to account for the binding of eukaryotic mRNAs to ribosomes.1 In this pathway, eIF-2 directs the binding of Met-tRNAi to the 40S subunit prior to the binding of mRNA. Binding of the mRNA to the 40S subunit is achieved by interaction with the three-subunit factor eIF-4F, which specifically recognizes the m7G cap structure. Subsequently, eIF-4A and eIF-4B, in the presence of ATP, serve to unwind the mRNA and allow for its attachment to the 40S subunit. A correct match of the initiator tRNA with the correct AUG start code word appears to be accomplished by the ATP-dependent process termed scanning,7,15 whereby the 40S subunit moves in a 5′ to 3′ direction in search of the initiating AUG. Current reports16–18 support the hypothesis that recognition of the initiating AUG codon is effected via the anticodon of the initiator tRNA with the AUG codon.
The Crack Layer Approach to Polymers and Composites

Abstract In this chapter, a phenomenological model of a crack and its surrounding damage propagation, referred to as a crack layer, is reviewed. The model is based on a self-similarity of damage evolution within a process zone. Accordingly, it characterizes a fracture process in terms of the elementary movements of a process zone: translation, rotation, isotropic expansion and distortion. These movements are interpreted as thermodynamic fluxes. The conjugate forces, kinetic equation for crack growth and conditions of instability are derived using principles of irreversible thermodynamics. Procedures to evaluate the parameters of the model from experimental results are outlined. The applicability of the model to polymers and composites is discussed.
Near-Identity Averaging Transformations: Transient and Sustained Resonance

In this chapter, we study another approach for calculating asymptotic solutions for systems in the standard form (4.5.1) $$ \frac{{d{p_m}}}{{dt}} = \in {F_m}\left( {{p_i},{q_i},\tilde{t}; \in } \right),m = 1,2,...,M, $$ (5.1.1a) $$ \frac{{d{q_n}}}{{dt}} = {\omega_n}\left( {{p_i},\tilde{t}} \right) + \in {G_n}\left( {{p_i},{q_i},\tilde{t}; \in } \right),n = 1,2,...,N. $$ (5.1.1b) . Recall that 0<∈≪1,t= ≪t, and the subscript i indicates that all M of the p i or all N of the q i are present in the argument. We assume that for each m = 1,..., M and each n = 1,..., N the F m and G n are O(1) as ≪→ 0, and that the F m and G m are 2π-periodic functions of each of the q i .
Role of Transforming Growth Factor-β in the Pathogenesis of Human Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

The transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) pathway is a critical regulator of cell growth and proliferation (1). The key players in this pathway include the heteromeric TGF-β transmembrane receptor complex that, following binding to TGF-β, phosphorylates and activates a family of intracellular signaling molecules known as the Smads. Several molecules, including c-Ski and SnoN, negatively regulate TGF-β signaling.
Catalytic Domains of Phosphodiesterase 5, 6, and 5/6 Chimera Display Differential Dynamics and Ligand Dissociation Energy Barriers.

The enzyme phosphodiesterase 6 (PDE6) is a critical component of the visual signaling pathway and functions to convert cGMP to GMP. The ability of PDE6 to affect cellular cGMP levels leads to deactivation of cGMP-gated ion channels in both rod and cone cells. PDE6 has been difficult to structurally characterize experimentally, though the structures of the closely related PDE5 and a PDE5/6 chimera have been determined by X-ray crystallography. In this work, we employ a computational approach to study the dynamics of the catalytic domains of PDE6, PDE5, and the PDE5/6 chimera. Through equilibrium molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, we identify a region of PDE6 (α12) to be correlated to distal regions of the enzyme (H- and M-loops), which surround the catalytic center. These correlations are not observed for PDE5, and we speculate that these unique motions in PDE6 may relate to the high catalytic efficiency of PDE6 and the requirement for an endogenous inhibitory subunit (Pγ). We further investigate the lig...
Intel 22nm FinFET (22FFL) Process Technology for RF and mm Wave Applications and Circuit Design Optimization for FinFET Technology

Intel 22FFL is a unique FinFET process technology optimized for RF and mmWave applications supporting superior RF performance to planar technologies with both $\boldsymbol{f_{t}}$ and $\boldsymbol{f_{max}}$ of NMOS above 300 GHz and 450 GHz respectively. Flicker noise improvement over planar technologies and excellent gain-power efficiency enabling low-power wireless applications are demonstrated.
Hands-on defibrillation with a safety barrier: An analysis of potential risk to rescuers.

Abstract Background Interruptions in compressions reducethe efficacy of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and are inevitable during hands-off periods for shocks. Clinical exam gloves were found to facilitate safe contact with patients during shock delivery but the safety of this practice has been questioned. Polyethylene is of interest because of its safety record in the medical arena and its electrical insulation properties. Methods This study measured the current leak through 2 mil (0.002 inch) polyethylene drapes during shock delivery. The current leak was assessed by measurement of voltage changes in a circuit recommended by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) for current leak safety testing. Current flowed off the drape, through the circuit and to electric ground in a manner consistent with standardized testing. Perceptibility was assessed in a subset with the investigator’s bare hands pressed into the drape during shock delivery. Results Thirty-three patients undergoing elective cardioversion at Emory University Hospital underwent analysis (age 23–90, 36% female). Biphasic energies were 200–360 J. The root mean square (RMS) current leak averaged 0.072 ± 0.022 mA and peak current leak averaged 0.67 ± 0.21 which is well below IEC recommendations of 3.5 mA RMS and 5.0 mA peak. Finally, no instances of dielectric breakdown occurred and no shocks were perceptible. Conclusions Polyethylene is a common medical material which may facilitate safe hands-on defibrillation. Our data illustrates that a thin, semitransparent layer of polyethylene is a safe and feasible adjunct to cardiac arrest kits to allow continued compressions and simplification of the CPR process.
A PD-1-specific toxin suppresses autoimmunity

Depletion of cells expressing the cell-membrane protein programmed cell-death protein-1 using an antibody-based toxin delays the onset of disease in a mouse model of diabetes and reverses paralysis in mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, without compromising physiological immunity.
FM radio passive multistatic radar using data fusion

Passive bistatic and multistatic radar rely on illuminators of opportunity to provide the transmitted signal. The illuminator of opportunity selected for our study is Frequency Modulation (FM) radio broadcasters. FM radio was chosen for its widespread availability and high power output which allows for long range measurements. The simulation performed includes three transmitters in order to allow effective triangulation and location of the targets. The receiver emulates an airborne receiver to simulate a surveillance aircraft. The signals from each transmitter is received and processed separately to obtain bistatic range information. Then, using data fusion techniques, these signals are combined in order to obtain a better spatial location of the targets relative to the receiver. The main limitations of this system can be traced back to using FM radio as the illuminator of opportunity, because the bandwidth limits the range resolution. Overall, the system can effectively detect and track airborne moving targets using three FM radio stations as transmitters.
Integrating the Bleeding Control Basic course into medical school curriculum.

Abstract Background The American College of Surgeons has pioneered hemorrhage control through its lifesaving bleeding control (BCon) basics course. A gap exists in teaching these skills to medical students. We sought to integrate BCon into the medical school curriculum. Methods BCon programs taught to entering Year 1 medical students in Academic Years 2017–2018. Post-course surveys assessed effectiveness of teaching and learner confidence in performing skills. Refreshers in Year 2 and Year 3 of study were implemented to reinforce skills. Results Post-course surveys (n = 348) showed that 98% of students felt that they were effectively taught how to stop bleeding and 92% felt comfortable using these skills. Conclusion The BCon program is feasible to implement in medical school. It is easily integrated into pre-existing curricula in addition to other life support skills taught to medical students. Summary Bleeding control is increasingly a topic of national concern with mass casualty incidents. We used a peer training model to teach BCon techniques to all our medical students on entry into medical school and these skills were refreshed longitudinally in the next two years. Combining BCon training with other basic life support skills training is feasible and medical students find this training effective.