cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Enhancement of age-related increases in DNA I-compound levels by calorie restriction: comparison of male B-N and F-344 rats

Caloric restriction (CR), known to extend median and maximum life spans, improve resistance to carcinogenesis, and significantly retard age-associated degenerative diseases in rodents, was previously reported to modulate levels of indigenous, age-dependent DNA modifications, called I-compounds, in male Brown-Norway (B-N) rats. Since profiles of these adduct-like derivatives are species-, strain-, sex-, and tissue-specific, we explored this apparent CR/I-compound relationship in a comparative study between male B-N and male Fischer 344 (F-344) rats, the latter having a shorter life expectancy and high incidence of renal disease. Control animals were fed NIH-31 diet ad libitum (AL), while the caloric intake of CR animals was limited to 60% of AL, starting at 3.5 months. Liver and kidney DNA from 1, 8, 12, 16, 24 (AL, CR), and 30 (CR only) month old rats was analyzed by 32P-postlabeling. Corresponding tissues from the two strains yielded similar DNA profiles. Total liver I-compound levels displayed 2.3-4.6-fold age-dependent increases from 1 to 24 months, and kidney values at 24 months were 5.2-8 times higher than those at 1 month. In both strains, I-compound levels of CR animals were higher, up to 2-fold, than in age-matched AL rats. Regression analyses indicated linear relationships between most CR relative adduct labeling values (both total and individual fractions) and age, whereas many AL values exhibited this type of link with log age. These findings confirm that a correlation exists between CR and I-compound levels, and, given the above physiological benefits of CR, indicate that I-compounds represent biomarkers of aging with potential utility in intervention studies.
Respectful relationships: Socialization goals and practices among Mexican mothers

This article examines the socialization goals, representations, and practices in toddler- and preschool-age children and their Mexican immigrant or U.S.-born, Mexican-heritage mothers. Eighty-eight mothers and children (49% girls) participated in this research. All mothers were visited in their homes to be observed and interviewed when the children were 8, 14, 24, and 36 months old. The study used naturalistic observations of children's behavior and participation in everyday routines and their mothers' socialization practices. Prekindergarten teachers reported on the children's school social skills. It was expected that differences in mothers' participation in four distinct cultural communities would be associated with variations in their socialization goals and practices. The mothers articulated socialization goals that were reflective of positive social relationships. Compliance episodes were less frequent than participation in everyday routines. The mothers' participation in different cultural communities was associated with different practices in routines, but not with goals or compliance practices. Toddler and preschool observations of children and mothers were associated with teachers' ratings of children's prekindergarten social skills.
Polarimetric calibration for wideband synthetic aperture radar imaging

Multi-channel techniques are introduced to calibrate for effects of antenna shading and crosstalk in wideband, wide-angle full polarisation radar imaging. The system is modelled as a two-dimensional integral operator which includes the transmit pulse function, receive and transmit antenna transfer functions, and response from scattering objects. Existing imaging algorithms provide an approximate inversion of this integral operator, without compensation for the effect of the multi-channel antenna transfer functions. Thus, standard processing yields poor image quality, due to the inherent variation of the antenna response (in magnitude, phase, and polarisation) across the large band of frequencies and wide range of aspect angles. Two techniques are proposed for regularised inversion of the system model. Both techniques require measurements of the antenna transfer function over the look angles and frequency band of interest. The first technique adopts a local approximation to process multi-channel range lines separately and is suitable for imaging small regions. The second technique achieves multi-channel deconvolution of the antenna response in the transform (Doppler) domain and is suitable for large data records. The result is imagery with improved polarisation purity and a more localised point spread function.
Designing interfaces that influence group processes

The goal of this research is to build and evaluate collaborative tools that persuade behavior change over a group of individuals. Preliminary work in this area is presented and future directions are discussed.
From a Committed Achiever to a Radical Social Scientist: The Life Course Dialectics of a "Marginal Black American Sociologist

In the following analysis, the human life course, micropolitics of dominant-subordinate relations, and phenomenological perspectives will be used to better understand marginality’ in the early socialization and career development of a black American sociologist. My graduate school education and tenure track experiences will be used as “data” through which a dialectical model of marginalization and human development can be formulated.
Dramatizing Sexual Difference: Gay and Lesbian Theater in Quebec

(1992). Dramatizing Sexual Difference: Gay and Lesbian Theater in Quebec. American Review of Canadian Studies: Vol. 22, No. 4, pp. 489-498.
Injectable reactive biocomposites for bone healing in critical-size rabbit calvarial defects.

Craniofacial injuries can result from trauma, tumor ablation, or infection and may require multiple surgical revisions. To address the challenges associated with treating craniofacial bone defects, an ideal material should have the ability to fit complex defects (i.e. be conformable), provide temporary protection to the brain until the bone heals, and enhance tissue regeneration with the delivery of biologics. In this study, we evaluated the ability of injectable lysine-derived polyurethane (PUR)/allograft biocomposites to promote bone healing in critical-size rabbit calvarial defects. The biocomposites exhibited favorable injectability, characterized by a low yield stress to initiate flow of the material and a high initial viscosity to minimize the adverse phenomena of extravasation and filter pressing. After injection, the materials cured within 10–12 min to form a tough, elastomeric solid that maintained mechanical integrity during the healing process. When injected into a critical-size calvarial defect in rabbits, the biocomposites supported ingrowth of new bone. The addition of 80 µg mL−1 recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) enhanced new bone formation in the interior of the defect, as well as bridging of the defect with new bone. These observations suggest that injectable reactive PUR/allograft biocomposites are a promising approach for healing calvarial defects by providing both mechanical stability as well as local delivery of rhBMP-2.
Spectra of local and nonlocal two-dimensional turbulence

Abstract We propose a family of two-dimensional incompressible fluid models indexed by a parameter α ϵ[0, ∞], and discuss the spectral scaling properties for homogeneous, isotropic turbulence in these models. The family includes two physically realizable members. It is shown that the enstrophy cascade is spectrally local for α 2. Numerical simulations indicate that the spectral slopes are systematically steeper than those predicted by the local scaling argument.
Lexical diversity and omission errors as predictors of language ability in the narratives of sequential Spanish-English bilinguals: a cross-language comparison.

Purpose This study explored the utility of language sample analysis for evaluating language ability in school-age Spanish–English sequential bilingual children. Specifically, the relative potential...
Prematurity and sudden infant death syndrome: United States 2005-2007.

In 1987, the sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) rate in the United States was 1.2 per 1000 live births. By the year 2005, the SIDS rate had dropped more than half to approximately 0.5 per 1000 live births. In 1987, the risk of SIDS was 2.32 times greater for extremely premature infants compared with term infants. The objective of this analysis was to determine if with the falling SIDS rate there has been a change in the risk for SIDS among preterm infants. Data were obtained from the United States Linked Infant Birth and Death Certificate Public User Period files for the years 2005 to 2007. The adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for postneonatal out-of-hospital death by gestational age were determined by logistic regression modeling. Over the 3-year period, there were 5203 postneonatal out-of-hospital deaths attributable to SIDS; 2010 attributable to other sudden deaths; 1270 attributable to suffocation in bed; and 3681 attributable to other causes. The adjusted OR for SIDS among the most preterm infants (24 to 28 weeks gestation) was significantly increased compared with term infants, ORadj=2.57 (95% confidence interval=2.08, 3.17), as were the adjusted ORs for the other causes of sudden infant death. Despite the marked drop in the incidence of SIDS since 1987, the risk for SIDS among preterm infants remains elevated. Other causes of sudden infant death for which SIDS is often mistaken reflect similar levels of increased risk among preterm infants.
Compressive cooperative sensing and mapping in mobile networks

In this paper we consider a mobile cooperative network that is tasked with building a map of the spatial variations of a parameter of interest, such as an obstacle map or an aerial map. We propose a new framework that allows the nodes to build a map of the parameter of interest with a small number of measurements. By using the recent results in the area of compressive sensing, we show how the nodes can exploit the sparse representation of the parameter of interest in the transform domain in order to build a map with minimal sensing. The proposed work allows the nodes to efficiently map the areas that are not sensed directly. To illustrate the performance of the proposed framework, we show how the nodes can build an aerial map or a map of obstacles with sparse sensing. We furthermore show how our proposed framework enables a novel non-invasive approach to mapping obstacles by using wireless channel measurements.
New insights into mechanism of Eustachian tube ventilation based on cine computed tomography images

There is debate concerning the mechanism of Eustachian tube (ET) ventilation. While a mechanism of complete opening has been advocated previously, sequential contraction of the levator veli palatini and medial pterygoid muscles followed by the tensor veli palatini and lateral pterygoid muscles may produce a transient sequential opening mechanism, allowing an air bolus to traverse the ET. This may explain confusion surrounding sonotubometry reports that not every swallow leads to sound passage in normal subjects. We hypothesize that the ET may not need to open completely when ventilating the middle ear; rather, a discrete air bolus can pass through it. Five normal and five disordered subjects underwent low-radiation dose cine computed tomography (CT) scans of the ET. Sixteen contiguous 2.5 mm slice locations were chosen through a 4 cm area in the nasopharynx that were parallel to and encompassed the entire ET. Twelve images were acquired at each slice over 4.8 s during swallowing and other tasks. Serial images were analyzed. An air bolus was observed passing through the ET in the normal subjects, but not the subject with ET dysfunction. Medial and lateral pterygoid contractions were also observed. A new hypothetical mechanism of transient sequential ET ventilation is presented. This is not a definitive conclusion, as the number of scans taken and maneuvers used was limited. Improved understanding of ET ventilation may facilitate management of middle ear disease as treatment evolves from ventilatory tube placement to ET manipulation.
Modeling of cross-plane interface thermal conductance between graphene nano-ribbons

Using non-equilibrium molecular dynamics for thermal energy transfer, we investigate the interfacial thermal conductance between non-covalently interacting graphene nano-ribbons (GNRs) of varying lengths and widths in a cross-contact (x-shaped) geometry. Our results show that the out-of-plane conductance between GNRs can vary significantly (up to a factor of 4) depending upon their geometric parameters. We observe that when plotted against aspect ratio, the predicted interface thermal conductance values fit excellently on a single master-plot with a logarithmic scaling, suggesting the importance of GNR aspect ratio towards thermal conductance. We propose a model based on incorporating different thermal conductance characteristics of edge and inner interacting regions which predicts the observed logarithmic dependence on aspect ratio. We also study the effect of graphene edge roughness, temperature, and strain on out-of-plane thermal conductance and discuss the observed results based on local vibrational characteristics of atoms within interacting region, number of interacting phonons, and the degree to which they interact across the interaction zone.
Low Temperature Characteristics of Ion Implanted Silicon Position Sensitive Detectors

The operation of ion implanted silicon position sensitive detectors at low temperatures will be described. The improved noise performance of the detector at these temperatures in both the energy and position modes will be analyzed and its implications on low energy applications will be discussed. A large part of the investigation was devoted to the study of boron implanted resistors and their noise properties both at room temperature and cryogenic temperatures.
Are Vanguard's Managers Good Stock-Pickers or Style-Pickers?

Jared Kizer9s article in the Winter 2005 issue indicates for Vanguard9s managed funds that the return to stock–picking skill is not enough to offset the additional transactions costs of a managed portfolio. Thus, the superior performance of Vanguard9s managed portfolio was due entirely to its tendency to overweight small stocks and value stocks relative to the index portfolio during a period when stocks with these two characteristics outperformed the market. So, it is style–picking skill rather than stock–picking skill that leads to the superiority of the managed portfolio in this particular instance. Similarly, style–picking skill explains the lower risk for the managed portfolio.
Lightning Studies of Transformers by the Cathode Ray Oscillograph

Study of transformers has been under way for some time to coordinate the strength of transformers and transmission line insulation under lightning conditions. This study has taken two forms: first, the transient dielectric strength of the line end of the winding and second, the distribution of transient voltages and therefore the stress caused by them throughout the winding. Theoretical studies and spark-gap tests of transient voltage distribution in transformer windings have been previously published by the Institute. Since then an extensive study of transient voltage phenomena has been made by the cathode ray oscillograph on power transformers connected to a short transmission line and subjected to artificial lightning waves sent along the line. The effects of the transmission line, concentrated inductance, and transformer entrance bushings on traveling waves were studied, as well as the effect of traveling waves of various service conditions in producing internal oscillations in ordinary transformers. The non-resonating transformer was stutdied under similar conditions. A striking agreement between the oscillographic records and theoretical conclusions previously published was found, sufficient to establish beyond any doubt the following conclusions: 1. Very high voltage oscillations occur throughout the entire winding of even a grounded neutral transformer. 2. Points of the winding near the grounded neutral may rise to 95 per cent of the crest voltage of a very short traveling wave (three microseconds long). 3. Entrance bushings have a negligible effect on the shape of the incoming traveling wave. 4.
Learning Object Repositories

An erratum has been published for this article in New Directions in Adult and Continuing Education 114, Summer 2007 []. This chapter looks at the development and nature of learning objects, meta-tagging standards and taxonomies, learning object repositories, learning object repository characteristics, and types of learning object repositories, with type examples.
Frustration Effect as a Function of Drive

27 female rats received 96 acquisition and 16 post-shift trials in an L-shaped double runway. In acquisition food was present both in the first (G1) and the second (G2) goal boxes, but was omitted from G1 on half the post-shift trials. The usual frustration effect (FE), in which response speeds in the second alley are faster following absence as compared with presence of reward in G1, appeared in each of 2 drive (D) groups. However, the magnitude of the FE was greater in the high D group (weights maintained at 80% of initial ad lib. level) than in the low D group (weights at 90%).
Globalization, organizational opaqueness and conspiracy

Purpose – The purpose of this article is to ascertain how the forces of globalization affect current organizational designs, particularly the relationship between rapid technological change, global uncertainty, and careless organizational decision‐making.Design/methodology/approach – This article examines the historical development of globalization, within the context of several pivotal interpretative perspectives including national security and the costs it entails for participants. The research design was predicated upon a comprehensive review of the literature that dealt with environmental uncertainty, technological change, and recent corporate criminal investigations.Findings – The article points out that a careful analysis of the nexus between fast paced technologically driven globalization and dysfunctional organizations reveal that the uncertainties created by globalization produce societal conspiracy thinking and opaque organizational structures that facilitated the emergence of criminal and disso...
The appropriate exchange-rate variable in the money demand of 25 countries: an empirical investigation

Abstract The primary purpose of this paper is to test a plausible data-coherent representation of official exchange rate-based model of the demand for money against an analogous representation of black market-based formulation. We report long-run elasticities for these two formulations for both the narrow and broad money aggregates using data for a sample of 25 countries. The formulation using the official exchange rate variable has some undesirable properties, and the results based on Fair as well as Davidson and MacKinnon’s specification tests strongly favor the black market-based equations. In addition, the test casts doubt on the appropriateness of narrow money models for these countries.
Identification of the host-range DNA which allows Rhizobium leguminosarum strain TOM to nodulate cv. Afghanistan peas

The special ability of Rhizobium leguminosarum strain TOM to nodulate cv. Afghanistan peas had previously been shown to be determined by the symbiotic plasmid, pRL5JI, of this strain. A region of pRL5JI, 2.0 kb in size, was found to confer the ability to nodulate cv. Afghanistan peas when transferred to strains of R. leguminosarum which normally fail to nodulate this host. This region of pRL5JI, responsible for the extension of host-range, was closely linked to, but did not include, the genes required for root hair curling. Although extensive homology has been found between the R. leguminosarum nod genes on pRL5JI and those on the normal symbiotic plasmid pRL1JI, a fragment from the 2.0 kb region involved in nodulation of cv. Afghanistan has been identified, which was not homologous to DNA in strains which do not nodulate cv. Afghanistan.
An Age Old Question Does Size Really Matter

See related article, pages 307–312. The Intensive Blood Pressure Reduction In Acute Cerebral Hemorrhage Trial (INTERACT) trial suggests that early, intensive blood pressure (BP) lowering can attenuate hematoma extension or growth (HE) 24 hours after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH).1 The primary goal of this more detailed analysis published in this issue of Stroke 2 is to determine if the BP-lowering effects on HE observed at 24 hours were maintained at 72 hours. Maintaining such a therapeutic effect will be needed if long-term hematoma growth limitation is to have hope of producing a clinical benefit. The result of this secondary analysis is quite clear. Intensive BP lowering to 140 mm Hg systolic has a long-term effect on limiting growth of clot size; the overall difference of 2.81 mL of clot growth prevented over 72 hours was statistically significant (95% CI, 1.04 to 4.56; P =0.002). Despite this prevention of HE, there were no appreciable effects on perihematomal edema. The clinical value of limiting HE by 2.81 mL is unclear. The INTERACT …
Measurement of Physical Activity Among Black and White Obese Women

Several recent self-reported surveys have suggested that African-American women may engage in less leisure-time physical activity (PA) than whites. Objective measurements of PA have not been performed, however. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare the components of energy expenditure, including PA, between black and white obese women. Using the doubly labeled water method, total daily energy expenditure (TDEE), basal metabolic rate (BMR), thermic effect of a meal (TEM), and PA were measured in 14 black and 15 white moderately obese women over 2 weeks. No statistically significant differences were seen between the 2 groups in BMR, TEM or TDEE. Mean PA was significantly (p = 0.05) lower among black women compared to whites when expressed as MJ. d-1 (3.49 vs. 4.30) or kJ.kg-1.d-1 (37.6 vs. 47.7). Our study supports the survey differences seen in PA among black and white women.
Comparison of Integrated Electromyographic Activity and Lumbar Curvature During Standing and During Sitting in Three Chairs

The purposes of this study were to monitor the integrated electromyographic activity of the erector spinae (ES) muscles and to measure lumbar curvature (LC) during static and dynamic postures in three chairs--a Balans Multi-Chair (BC), and office chair (OC), and a straight-back chair (SBC)--and during standing. Integrated electromyographic data were recorded in relaxed and erect postures at L2 and L5 in 20 volunteers. Lumbar curvature was measured with a flexible ruler. Analyses of variance for repeated measures (p = .05) and paired t tests were used to compare the IEMG and LC measurements. During relaxed postures, there was more IEMG activity and greater LC in standing than in the OC or the SBC. During erect postures, there was more IEMG activity in standing than in the OC and no difference in LC between chairs. The IEMG activity at L5 was greatest on the left side across chairs. In typing and writing, significant differences in IEMG activity were found between sides, but not between chairs. The LC was greater in the BC than in the SBC in relaxed sitting, typing, and writing. The pattern of IEMG activity is not similar to corresponding LC measurements. Care and prevention of low back injury is a critical focus in physical therapy. The BC could contribute to treatment. Further research is needed to support its use in back care programs.
Low levels of dietary methylmercury inhibit growth and gonadal development in juvenile walleye (Stizostedion vitreum)

Mercury levels in the aquatic environment of North America have been increasing, raising the possibility that this highly toxic heavy metal might alter fish populations. Previous investigations have demonstrated toxic effects of mercury on teleost reproduction, but these findings were observed following unrealistically high exposures. In this study, we used concentrations frequently observed in North American lakes to investigate the effects of dietary methylmercury on growth, gonadal development, and plasma cortisol levels in juvenile walleye (Stizostedion vitreum). For a period of 6 months, two groups of walleye were reared on untainted catfish fillets, while two test groups were fed fillets injected with methylmercury, one group receiving 0.1 kg Hg g-’ food (low-mercury diet) and the other receiving 1 .O 1.18 Hg g 1 food (high-mercury diet). After the exposure period, fish fed the low- and high-mercury diets had mean body burdens of 0.254 f. 0.015 pg Hg g-l and 2.37 f 0.09 Fg Hg g-‘, respectively. Dietary mercury significantly impaired both growth and gonadal development in males, which was apparent as reduced fish length, weight, and gonadosomatic index. Testicular atrophy was observed in fish fed the mercury-tainted fillets, but was nonexistent in control animals. Mercury also suppressed plasma cortisol in juveniles (sexes combined). The findings of this study suggest that dietary methylmercury, at levels currently found in the aquatic environment, might reduce juvenile survival by impairing growth and immune function. Furthermore, these results suggest that methylmercury might also affect reproductive potential of teleosts by impairing testicular development in young.
A network model for electrical transport in sea ice

Monitoring the thickness of sea ice is an important tool in assessing the impact of global warming on Earth's polar regions, and most methods of measuring ice thickness depend on detailed knowledge of its electrical properties. We develop a network model for the electrical conductivity of sea ice, which incorporates statistical measurements of the brine microstructure. The numerical simulations are in close agreement with direct measurements we made in Antarctica on the vertical conductivity of first year sea ice.
A Circular Inclusion with Slipping Interface in Plane Elastostatics

It is shown that the solution, in plane elastostatics, for an infinite domain subjected to arbitrary loading and into which a circular inclusion of a different elastic material has been inserted (heterogeneous problem) may be obtained, in the case of a slipping interface, from the solution of the corresponding homogeneous problem (i.e., when there is no inclusion) merely by a single quadrature and simple algebraic manipulations. This novel procedure of heterogenization is illustrated by several specific examples.
Creating Your Own Hostile Environment: A Laboratory Examination of Trait Aggressiveness and the Violence Escalation Cycle

A dyadic interactive aggression paradigm tested hypotheses from the General Aggression Model about how trait aggressiveness can create behaviorally hostile social environments. Pairs of college student participants competed in a modified reaction time task in which they repeatedly delivered and received each other's punishments. The trait aggressiveness of both participants influenced the punishment intensities (aggression level) set by each member of the dyad on later trials. Furthermore, there was a pattern of escalation from early to later trials. These trait aggressiveness effects (both self and partner) on later aggressive behavior were largely mediated by partner aggression levels during early trials. Results also suggested two aggressive motives—hostile and instrumental—resulted from high partner aggression during early trials and these motives partially mediated the effects of trait aggressiveness and of early trial aggression on later aggressive behavior.
Linking implementation process to intervention outcomes in a middle school obesity prevention curriculum, ‘Choice, Control and Change’

This study investigates the link between process evaluation components and the outcomes of a school-based nutrition curriculum intervention, 'Choice, Control and Change'. Ten New York City public middle schools were recruited and randomly assigned into intervention or control condition. The curriculum was to improve sixth to seventh grade students' energy balance related behaviors, based on social cognitive and self-determination theories, and implemented during the 2006-2007 school year (n = 1136). Behaviors and psychosocial variables were measured by self-reported questionnaires. Process components were evaluated with classroom observations, teacher interviews, and a student questionnaire. Using 'Teacher Implementation' (dose delivered) and 'Student Reception' (dose received) process data; intervention group was further categorized into medium- and high-implementation groups. Analysis of covariance revealed that, compared with control group, only high-implementation group showed significant improvement in students' behavior and psychosocial outcomes. Hierarchical linear models showed that 'Teacher Implementation' and 'Student Reception' significantly predicted students' sweetened beverage outcomes (P < 0.05). 'Student Satisfaction' was also greater when these implementation components were higher, and significantly associated with behavior and psychosocial outcomes (P < 0.05). Implementation process influenced the effectiveness of the 'Choice, Control and Change' intervention study. It is important to take into account the process components when interpreting the results of such research.
Breeding and genetics of Fusarium basal rot resistance in onion.

Fusarium basal plate rot (FBR), caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepae, is an important soil-borne disease of onions worldwide. The causal organism infects the basal stem plate of the bulb and eventually kills the entire plant through degradation of the basal plate. F. o. f. sp.cepae infections in dormant bulbs during storage allow secondary infections to occur. The primary method of infection by F. o. f. sp. cepaeis through direct penetration of the basal stem plate. Infection can also occur through wounded tissue particularly roots and basal portions of bulb scales. The most cost-effective methods of control are crop rotation and host plant resistance. Current research suggests that a single gene, two genes, or multiple genes govern resistance to FBR. Breeding programs have successfully used screening procedures to develop intermediate- and long-day, FBR-resistant cultivars.
BENEFIT-COST ANALYSIS OF PRESCHOOL EDUCATION: Findings From a 25-Year Follow-Up

A 25-year study of the Perry Preschool program provides the basis for a comprehensive benefit-cost analysis of the long-term effects of a preschool education program on children growing up in poverty. Findings indicate that the preschool education program produced economic benefits to participants and to the general public that greatly exceeded the costs of the program.
Experimental Evaluation of a Retrievable Vena Cava Filter

A new retrievable filter, consisting of a helical basket of ten stainless steel wires and a retrieval cable, was tested in 7 adult sheep. The filter was inserted into the infrarenal vena cava through a 9-F sheath and fixed subcutaneously by a stabilizing ball at the skin insertion site. An average of 1 5. 6 days after the filter placement, a follow-up cavography and clot-trapping tests were performed. The filter was retrieved through a 9-F sheath. Although all of the filters were free of thrombi and all of the inferior venae cavae were patent with good flow, two caval stenoses were noted below the filter. All 4 × 30 mm clots were trapped by the filter. Five filters were retrieved successfully; however, two filters could not be retrieved
Thermistor at a Distance: Unobtrusive Measurement of Breathing

This paper unveils a thermal imaging methodology to recover the breathing waveform from the subject's nostrils. The resulting functionality is equivalent to that of a thermistor, but it is materialized in a contact-free manner. First, the nostril region is segmented and tracked over time through a network of cooperating probabilistic trackers. The mean thermal signal of the nostril region carries the breathing information. This information is extracted through wavelet analysis. The method has been tested on 20 healthy individuals. The breathing waveforms determined via the imaging computation were compared with the corresponding ones extracted from thermistors. The high degree of agreement between the two measurement methods confirms the validity of the proposed approach and opens the way for clinical applications. Furthermore, thermal imaging can be potentially used as an investigative tool to understand breathing physiology in ways not possible with contact sensors.
Airflow and Particle Transport in the Human Respiratory System

Airflows in the nasal cavities and oral airways are rather complex, possibly featuring a transition to turbulent jet-like flow, recirculating flow, Dean's flow, vortical flows, large pressure drops, prevailing secondary flows, and merging streams in the case of exhalation. Such complex flows propagate subsequently into the tracheobronchial airways. The underlying assumptions for particle transport and deposition are that the aerosols are spherical, noninteracting, and monodisperse and deposit upon contact with the airway surface. Such dilute particle suspensions are typically modeled with the Euler-Lagrange approach for micron particles and in the Euler-Euler framework for nanoparticles. Micron particles deposit nonuniformly with very high concentrations at some local sites (e.g., carinal ridges of large bronchial airways). In contrast, nanomaterial almost coats the airway surfaces, which has implications of detrimental health effects in the case of inhaled toxic nanoparticles. Geometric airway features, ...
Millionaires And Mental Health: Proposition 63 In California

ABSTRACT: In November 2004 California passed Proposition 63, a landmark piece of mental health and fiscal legislation. This initiative places a 1 percent tax on adjusted gross income over $1 millio...
Retrograde Axonal Transport of Intravenously Administered 125I-Nerve Growth Factor in Rats with Streptozotocin-induced Diabetes

We have previously demonstrated a reproducible axonopathy, involving but not confined to sympathetic neurons, which involves selectively the mesenteric nerves of chronically diabetic rats. We describe a series of experiments aimed at correlating changes in the retrograde transport of 125 I-nerve growth factor ( 125 I-NGF) with development of the lesions. 125 I-NGF was injected systemically and the time course of accumulation compared in superior cervical ganglion (SCG) and superior mesenteric ganglion (SMG). 125 I-NGF accumulated in the SCG with a sharp peak at 12 h, whereas in the SMG, accumulation reached a plateau, remaining at relatively constant amounts for 8 h before decreasing. There was a marked decrease in the accumulation of 125 I-NGF (averaging 44% in 11 separate experiments) in the SMG at early times (approximately 12 h). These decreases were seen in animals diabetic for times ranging from 2 days to 10 mo. In contrast, no consistent decrease was observed in the SCG. The time course of 125 I-NGF accumulation was unaltered in the SCG of diabetic rats but was clearly retarded in the SMG of diabetic animals. Morphometric examination of the SMG of diabetic animals and controls showed little or no atrophy or neuron loss due to diabetes. We conclude that decreases in the retrograde transport of NGF occur selectively in those ganglia (SMG) serving the alimentary tract in which mesenteric nerves develop distal axonopathy, but not in ganglia whose nerves do not ultimately develop such lesions (SCG). The decreases in retrograde transport precede the development of morphologic lesions in this system. These results are consistent with the suggestion that impairment of axonal transport may play a role in the development of axonopathy.
Matuhasi‐Ogata Phenomenon Involving Anti‐Ampicillin

A 47-year-old group A, Rh1Rh1 woman treated with intravenous ampicillin for chronic pyelonephritis received two units of blood and also received oral cephalexin. Three months after the transfusions she was noted to have allo-anti-E and anti-c, and a 2+ positive direct antiglobulin test. Anti-E and anti-c could be eluted from her cells, yet neither antigen could be demonstrated on the patient's circulating red blood cells. Also present in the serum and in the eluate was anti-ampicillin antibody. Studies of the patient's red blood cell eluates using ampicillin-treated R1R1 and untreated R2R2 cells demonstrated anti-E complexed with anti-ampicillin in a drug-related example of the Matuhasi-Ogata phenomenon. Artificially created mixtures of anti-E and drug antibody could reproduce the effect in vitro. No effect of cephalexin could be demonstrated. The variability of the Matuhasi-Ogata phenomenon is discussed with regard to the sequence of antibody attachment, and the possible relationship to cephalexin is discussed. Drug antibodies may be involved in the Matuhasi-Ogata phenomenon in cases where another red blood cell antibody cannot be shown to be present.
Rejoinder-Rejoinder to the Note by Yigal Gerchak

Gerchak's note further elaborates on an example in my paper "From EOQ Towards ZI" Zangwill, W. I. 1987. From EOQ towards ZI. Management Sci.33 1209-1223.. My example is correct. His example is correct also, and I was aware of examples of his type when I wrote the paper as were the referees when they reviewed it. His example makes several additional assumptions which totally change the situation and indeed the viewpoint of reality.
Prison-Based Animal Programs: A National Survey

Although animals appear to be increasingly incorporated into correctional programming, the field has failed to systematically study the phenomenon. The present research is an initial attempt to capture the extent to which these types of programs are being administered in U.S. prisons through a national survey of state correctional systems. The research regarding the potential therapeutic effects of animals and what we know about prison-based animal programs (PAPs) are reviewed. Among the results: The programs are in most states, are most commonly of a community service design that uses dogs, are more likely to involve male than female participants, and most were established after 2000. Livestock care/prison farms emerge as a unique type of PAP.
A Theoretical Model for the Practice of Psychotherapy with Black Populations

This article reviews selected psychotherapy and personality models advanced by Black theoreticians and proposes a scheme developed by the author for the incorporation of African and African-American frames of reference into clinical and consultative activities. Facilitative and non- facilitative variables in the implementation of the model are discussed briefly.
HSP70 and HSP90 homologs are associated with tubulin in hetero-oligomeric complexes, cilia and the cortex of Tetrahymena

We show in the present study that homologs of hsp90 and hsp70 are induced by heat shocks in Tetrahymena and appear to form a high molecular mass complex (approximately 700 kDa) with tubulin. Three members of the hsp70 family (hsp72, 73, and 78) and one member of the hsp90 family (hsp82) have been identified by immunological or by a combination of immunological and sequencing methods. The known components of the 700 kDa complex and the conditions under which it can be recovered suggest that it may be an induced protective assemblage rather than a normal processing intermediate. Immunoblotting and immunofluorescence studies suggest further that large amounts of hsp73 and lesser amounts of hsp82 are associated with mature microtubules in both cilia and the cortex in this cell type. Some site-specific localizations of the identified heat shock proteins were also noted in non-microtubular components of the cell cortex.
Resonant inversion of tunneling magnetoresistance using MgO/NiO barriers

In this paper we report the magneto-transport properties, as a function of temperature and bias, of MTJs grown with barriers formed from double layers of MgO and NiO, CoO or MnO as well as triple layers of MgO/NiO, CoO and MnO/MgO.
Minimizing Probing Cost and Achieving Identifiability in Probe-Based Network Link Monitoring

Continuously monitoring link performance is important to network diagnosis. In this paper, we address the problem of minimizing the probing cost and achieving identifiability in probe-based network link monitoring. Given a set of links to monitor, our objective is to select the minimum number of probing paths that can uniquely determine all identifiable links and cover all unidentifiable links. We propose an algorithm based on a linear system model to find out all irreducible sets of probing paths that can uniquely determine an identifiable link, and we extend the bipartite model to reflect the relationship between a set of probing paths and an identifiable link. Since our optimization problem is NP-hard, we propose a heuristic-based algorithm to greedily select probing paths. Our method eliminates two types of redundant probing paths, i.e., those that can be replaced by others and those without any contribution to achieving identifiability. Simulations based on real network topologies show that our approach can achieve identifiability with very low probing cost. Compared with prior work, our method is more general and has better performance.
Defects in Insulin Secretion and Action in the Pathogenesis of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by defects in insulin action and insulin secretion. Although insulin resistance manifests early during the prediabetic state, a failing β-cell function unable to overcome insulin resistance at target tissues determines the onset of T2DM. This review focuses on recent advances in the molecular mechanisms of insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction. The role of mitochondrial dysfunction, impaired regulation of the enteroinsular axis, and endoplasmic reticulum stress are currently the subjects of intensive research. In addition, the adipose tissue has emerged as a major endocrine organ that secretes a growing list of adipocytokines with diverse central and peripheral metabolic effects. The role of a growing number of candidate genes and transcription factors regulating insulin action and secretion is also discussed.
Cancer pain education among family physicians

Abstract This study used performance-based testing (objective structured clinical evaluation, OSCE) to evaluate the skills of family physicians in assessing and managing the severe pain of a cancer patient, and evaluated a new method of education about the management of cancer pain. Twenty-four primary care physicians completed a detailed pain assessment of the same standardized cancer pain patient (Part A). A proctor observed the interviews and rated the physicians on a variety of pre-determined items believed to be important for pain assessment. The physicians were then allowed 5 min to answer management questions about the patient's cancer pain (Part B). After reviewing each physician's performance on Parts A and B, the proctor provided immediate feedback and instruction (Part C) on basic principles of cancer pain assessment and management. On average, the primary care physicians asked 52% (± 4.5%) of the indicated questions of a detailed pain assessment. Performance was poorest in asking about previous pain history, temporal pattern of pain, and pain intensity. Performance on the pain assessment was best for eliciting pain location and pain-relieving factors. Primary care physicians obtained mean scores of 36% (± 3%) on Part B of the OSCE. Although opioid therapy was frequently prescribed, only 42% of prescriptions were for regular administration. Performance on Parts A and B correlated poorly with years in practice, and older physicians tended to perform a less detailed pain assessment than their younger collegues. Most physicians enjoyed participating in this instructional format and believed that the proctor feedback increased the educational value of the module. The results of our study suggest that many family physicians may be inadequate in their clinical assessment and management of cancer pain. Our study supports the need for continuing education in cancer pain management, regardless of years in practice. Further study should evaluate the effects of different educational programs on clinical practice in patient care.
A conserved retinoic acid responsive element in the murine Hoxb-1 gene is required for expression in the developing gut

The murine Hoxb-1 gene contains a homeobox sequence and is expressed in a spatiotemporal specific pattern in neuroectoderm, mesoderm and gut endoderm during development. We previously identified a conserved retinoic acid (RA)-inducible enhancer, named the RAIDR5, which contains a DR5 RARE; this RAIDR5 enhancer is located 3' of the Hoxb-1-coding region in both the mouse and chick. In the F9 murine teratocarcinoma cell line, this DR5 RARE is required for the RA response of the Hoxb-1 gene, suggesting a functional role of the DR5 RARE in Hoxb-1 gene expression during embryogenesis. From the analysis of Hoxb-1/lacZ reporter genes in transgenic mice, we have shown that a wild-type (WT) transgene with 15 kb of Hoxb-1 genomic DNA, including this Hoxb-1 3' RAIDR5, is expressed in the same tissues and at the same times as the endogenous Hoxb-1 gene. However, a transgene construct with point mutations in the DR5 RARE (DR5mu) was not expressed in the developing foregut, which gives rise to organs such as the esophagus, lung, stomach, liver and pancreas. Like the wild-type transgene, this DR5 RARE mutated transgene was expressed in rhombomere 4 in 9.5 day postcoitum (d.p.c.) embryos. Similarly, transgene staining in the foregut of animals carrying a deletion of the entire Hox-b1 RAIDR5 enhancer (3'-del) was greatly reduced relative to that seen with the WT transgene. We also demonstrated that expression of the WT transgene in the gut increases in response to exogenous RA, resulting in anterior expansion of the expression in the gut. These observations that the Hoxb-1 gene is expressed in the developing gut and that this expression is regulated through a DR5 RARE strongly suggest a role for Hoxb-1 in the anteroposterior axis patterning of the gut and a critical role for endogenous retinoids in early gut development.
Qat and the Question of Addiction

Earlier I remarked that among the other problems they perceived in Yemen, outsiders have been nearly unanimous in asserting that the Yemenis are massively “addicted to qat,” and that they often find the cause of the country’s social and economic problems in the qat habit (e.g., in addition to those quoted in Chapter I, we may cite Bury 1915, Rihani 1936, Helfritz 1936, Farrago 1938, and Shaffer 1952). Surprisingly, some ordinarily more responsible sources have echoed these opinions, without checking the documentation. For example, the FAO/UNICEF report in 1971 from the People’s Democratic Republic of Yemen states without qualification that: “Qat, unlike coffee, has an overwhelming power on its consumer. It is extremely difficult for a qat chewer or addict to give it up as long as it remains within his reach” (1971:1).