cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Intravital microscopic evidence that polylactide-polyglycolide (PLGA) delays neo-osteogenesis and neo-angiogenesis in healing bone

Abstract : The bone chamber implant (BCI) has allowed monitoring a healing bone defect as well as the effect of an eroding implant on the healing process. The BCI is a useful tool and intravital microscopy a valuable technique for obtaining quantitative data chronicling osseous wound healing. The physiological parameters that form the initial data base documenting healing are neo- osteogenesis and neo-angiogenesis. This review compares and characterizes osseous wound healing in a BCI loaded with an erodible copolymer, PLGA (polylactide-polyglycolide). To determine if a statistically significant deviation from normal healing had occurred, the results were compared with present and historical controls. In the BCI PLGA erosion was accompanied by a delay in the onset of neo-osteogenesis, as measured by trabecular opposition. Concurrently, neo-angiogenesis was both detained and retarded.
Polarized, Together: Comparing Partisan Support for Trump's Tweets Using Survey and Platform-Based Measures.

Using both survey- and platform-based measures of support, we study how polarization manifests for 4,313 of President Donald Trump’s tweets since he was inaugurated in 2017. We find high levels of polarization in response to Trump’s tweets. However, after controlling for mean differences, we surprisingly find a high degree of agreement across partisan lines across both survey and platform-based measures. This suggests that Republicans and Democrats, while disagreeing on an absolute level, tend to agree on the relative quality of Trump’s tweets. We assess potential reasons for this, for example, by studying how support changes in response to tweets containing positive versus negative language. We also explore how Democrats and Republicans respond to tweets containing insults of individuals with particular socio-demographics, finding that Republican support decreases when Republicans, relative to Democrats, are insulted, and Democrats respond negatively to insults of women and members of the media.
Genetic Mapping and Prediction Analysis of FHB Resistance in a Hard Red Spring Wheat Breeding Population.

Fusarium head blight (FHB) is one of the most destructive diseases in wheat worldwide. Breeding for FHB resistance is hampered by its complex genetic architecture, large genotype by environment interaction, and high cost of phenotype screening. Genomic selection (GS) is a powerful tool to enhance improvement of complex traits such as FHB resistance. The objectives of this study were to 1) investigate the genetic architecture of FHB resistance in a North Dakota State University (NDSU) hard red spring wheat breeding population, 2) test if the major QTL Fhb1 and Fhb5 play an important role in this breeding population; and 3) assess the potential of GS to enhance breeding efficiency of FHB resistance. A total of 439 elite spring wheat breeding lines from six breeding cycles were genotyped using genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) and 102,147 SNP markers were obtained. Evaluation of FHB severity was conducted in 10 unbalanced field trials across multiple years and locations. One QTL for FHB resistance was identified and located on chromosome arm 1AL, explaining 5.3% of total phenotypic variation. The major type II resistance QTL Fhb1 only explained 3.1% of total phenotypic variation and the QTL Fhb5 was not significantly associated with FHB resistance in this breeding population. Our results suggest that integration of many genes with medium/minor effects in this breeding population should provide stable FHB resistance. Genomic prediction accuracies of 0.22-0.44 were obtained when predicting over breeding cycles in this study, indicating the potential of GS to enhance the improvement of FHB resistance.
New Implantable Tibial Nerve Stimulation Devices: Review of Published Clinical Results in Comparison to Established Neuromodulation Devices.

Purpose The purpose of this review is to offer an update for medical providers practicing general urology and urogynecology in evolving and new promising technologies for neuromodulation in patients with OAB. Patients and methods A focused literature search for the years 2015 through 2019 was conducted on PubMed/Medline for the terms: "new techniques" AND "neuromodulation" AND "tibial nerve stimulation" AND "overactive bladder". We limited our search to publications in English, for the last five years and with patient follow-up of at least 3 months. Results Clinical success, safety based on adverse events, and quality of life improvement criteria were evaluated and compared to sacral nerve stimulation (SNS) devices and older, non-implantable percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation (PTNS) treatment devices. Considering the limited number of participants with up to 6 months follow-up data currently available, overall the clinical response rates suggest that the new implantable devices stimulating the tibial nerve have a promising clinical outlook, are less invasive upon implantation than SNS, less expensive, and less of a burden on patients compared to the older non-implantable PTNS devices. Conclusion Practicing urologists should be aware of this new treatment option when counseling their patients regarding treatment for OAB.
On Compact Perturbations of Hankel Operators and Commutators of Toeplitz and Hankel Operators

Motivated by results in uniform algebras, a distance localization formula in C*-algebras is established in the framework of the Allan–Douglas localization principle, and is used to derive a locality result for products of Hankel operators as compact perturbations of Hankel operators. Using localization and certain QC functions, it is proved that the essential spectrum of the commutator of a Toeplitz and a Hankel operator is antipodal symmetric under a mild condition on the Hankel symbol function. Under the same condition the essential spectrum of a Hankel operator also exhibits this symmetry. Conjugates of interpolating Blaschke products and characteristic functions are constructed that satisfy the condition, while examples show the condition is only sufficient.
In silico Design of a Multivalent Vaccine Against Candida albicans.

Invasive candidiasis (IC) is the most common nosocomial infection and a leading cause of mycoses-related deaths. High-systemic toxicity and emergence of antifungal-resistant species warrant the development of newer preventive approaches against IC. Here, we have adopted an immunotherapeutic peptide vaccine-based approach, to enhance the body’s immune response against invasive candida infections. Using computational tools, we screened the entire candida proteome (6030 proteins) and identified the most immunodominant HLA class I, HLA class II and B- cell epitopes. By further immunoinformatic analyses for enhanced vaccine efficacy, we selected the 18- most promising epitopes, which were joined together using molecular linkers to create a multivalent recombinant protein against Candida albicans (mvPC). To increase mvPC’s immunogenicity, we added a synthetic adjuvant (RS09) to the mvPC design. The selected mvPC epitopes are homologous against all currently available annotated reference sequences of 22 C. albicans strains, thus offering a higher coverage and greater protective response. A major advantage of the current vaccine approach is mvPC’s multivalent nature (recognizing multiple-epitopes), which is likely to provide enhanced protection against complex candida antigens. Here, we describe the computational analyses leading to mvPC design.
Multidisciplinary Management of Hepatic Hydrothorax in 2020: An Evidence-Based Review and Guidance

Hepatic hydrothorax is the formation of transudative pleural effusion as a consequence of portal hypertension. Only a minority of cases resolve after sodium restriction and diuretics. Despite the relatively low incidence of 5-15% among patients with cirrhotic portal hypertension, the high morbidity and serious clinical implications associated with hepatic hydrothorax necessitate a well-defined treatment strategy to guide patient care. Management is typically multidisciplinary, involving hepatologists, interventional pulmonologists, interventional radiologists, surgeons, and other specialties. In this manuscript, we assemble a multidisciplinary team to critically review the available literature and provide an evidence-based guidance for management of hepatic hydrothorax.
Venetoclax and Decitabine for T/Myeloid Mixed-Phenotype Acute Leukemia Not Otherwise Specified (MPAL NOS)

T/myeloid mixed-phenotype acute leukemia not otherwise specified (MPAL NOS) is an uncommon and aggressive leukemia without well-established treatment guidelines, particularly when relapsed. Venetoclax plus a hypomethylating agent offers a promising option in this situation since studies support its use in both acute myeloid and, albeit with fewer data to date, acute T-cell-lymphoblastic leukemias. We report the successful eradication of T/myeloid MPAL NOS relapsed after allogeneic stem cell transplant with venetoclax plus decitabine. A consolidative allogeneic stem cell transplant from a second donor was subsequently performed, and the patient remained without evidence of disease more than one year later. Further investigation is indicated to evaluate venetoclax combined with hypomethylating agents and/or other therapies for the management of T/myeloid MPAL NOS.
Fabrication and Growth Control of Metal Nanostructures through Exploration of Atomic Force Microscopy-Based Patterning and Electroless Deposition Conditions

Applications such as biosensing, plasmonics, and nanoelectronics require nanoscale metal structures with controlled dimensions and placement. However, significant challenges remain in the fabricati...
A High Efficiency Three-level Active Neutral Point Clamped Inverter Using Hybrid Si/SiC Switches

This paper presents a high efficiency three-level Active Neutral-point Clamped (ANPC) inverter topology employing Silicon (Si) IGBTs for low frequency switches and hybrid Silicon (Si) and Silicon Carbide (SiC) switches for high frequency switches. The proposed semiconductor device configuration reduces both conduction and switching losses of the inverter so that a high efficiency, 99.5% peak, is achieved. The efficiency of the proposed ANPC inverter system is investigated and compared with other ANPC inverter configurations for different switching frequency and power factor values using PLECS. The investigation results show that the proposed ANPC inverter topology has higher efficiency than other ANPC inverter topologies for wide range of switching frequency and load power factor values. The cost of the semiconductor devices for the proposed inverter system is also estimated using off-the-shelf component prices obtained from Digi-key website. The cost estimation shows that the proposed ANPC inverter system has a cost at par with its silicon counterpart. Furthermore, since the proposed inverter system can be operated at much higher switching frequency compared to a silicon based inverter system, the cost of the passive components will be much lower.
"Gummy Bears" and "Teddy Grahams": Ultrasounds as religious biopower in Crisis Pregnancy Centers.

Abstract Scholars, activists, and medical professionals critique Crisis Pregnancy Centers (CPCs) for disseminating medical misinformation and deceptive counseling practices. Yet much of the scholarship examining CPC's counseling and medical practices relies upon discourse analyses or surreptitious approaches. I use observational data from client appointments in an evangelical CPC in the U.S. West and in-depth interviews with clients and staff to explore how guided ultrasounds construct the experience of pregnancy. I describe the “medical model of care” at this CPC and then analyze how the ultrasound becomes a socio-religious practice that shapes the social and physical experience of pregnancy. I argue this is a unique form of ‘religious biopower’ (Foucault 1990). Importantly, clients overwhelming describe these appointments as positive and point to how centers seemingly fill a void of care in the healthcare system. These findings reveal processes whereby faith-based, antiabortion organizations produce a ‘digital quickening’ through ostensibly neutral medical technologies of visualization, reinforce conservative discourses about fetal personhood and motherhood, and spread medical misinformation.
Intraventricular Septation in the Context of Dilated Cardiomyopathy Associated With TTN Mutation.

Abstract A 6-month-old infant boy presented with symptomatic heart failure. Dilated cardiomyopathy was found in association with a mutation in TTN. Structural heart disease included novel septation...
El mal de la taiga: una versión de la explotación de personas y recursos naturales en Latinoamérica

El mal de la taiga (2012) de Cristina Rivera Garza tiene como escenario a una lejana e inmensa region de bosques de coniferas que alberga a seres perturbados por un mal cuyo origen fluctua entre lo mental y lo espiritual. Sin embargo, Rivera Garza traslada a la taiga un tema socioambiental que atane a Latinoamerica. La trata de personas vinculada a la explotacion de recursos naturales emerge de manera sutil en la en la novela. A traves de la presencia de lenadores en los prostibulos, Rivera Garza sugiere una interrelacion entre la trata de personas y los depredadores de los bosques. Tanto los lenadores como las prostitutas (victimas de trata) representan dos eslabones de una problematica con caracteristicas distintivas en Latinoamerica. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar la explotacion de recursos naturales y de personas en El mal de la taiga en paralelo con la realidad latinoamericana en esos mismos ambitos. Basado en articulos, informes, reportajes y testimonios, el analisis concluye que El mal de la taiga es una version novelada de un mal que, en realidad, aqueja a Latinoamerica. Abstract El mal de la taiga (2012) by Cristina Rivera Garza is set in a vast faraway region of coniferous forests inhabited by human beings perturbed by an illness whose origin could be either mental or spiritual. However, Rivera Garza extrapolates a socio-environmental problem that affects Latin America to the taiga. Human trafficking connected with the exploitation of natural resources emerges subtly in the novel. Through the presence of loggers in brothels, Rivera Garza suggests a relationship between human trafficking and the predators of forests. Loggers as well as prostitutes (victims of human trafficking) represent two links of a problem with distinct features in Latin America. This analysis aims at looking into the exploitation of natural resources and that of persons in El mal de la taiga while comparing the same issues in Latin America. Based on articles, investigative accounts, reports, and testimonies, the analysis concludes that El mal de la taiga is a fictionalized version of a problem that indeed affects Latin America.
Alkyl polyglucoside compound influences freshwater plankton community structure in floating field mesocosms.

Synthetic surfactants in cleaners and detergents commonly contaminate freshwater systems, therefore use of low-toxicity alternatives is becoming increasingly important. Alkyl polyglucosides (APGs) derived from natural products are less toxic than synthetic surfactants, and degrade rapidly reducing chemical exposure time. However, single species toxicity tests showed APGs have toxic effects on aquatic primary producers and zooplankton, and that species demonstrate different sensitivities to APGs. Furthermore, species unaffected by APGs directly may be indirectly affected by removal of a food source or changes in predator densities, thereby changing plankton community structure. To determine the effects of APGs on plankton communities under environmental conditions, floating mesocosms were deployed in a shallow pond in southeast Georgia, USA and dosed with 0, 0.01, 2.5, 5, or 10 mg L-1 APG. Zooplankton community composition and abundance, phytoplankton abundance (as chlorophyll a), and water column dissolved oxygen concentration were determined weekly for 1 month. Zooplankton abundance decreased primarily due to loss of copepods, and community composition shifted toward small-bodied cladocerans (Bosmina sp.), and chlorophyll a concentrations declined by up to 81 % following exposure to APG concentrations of 2.5 mg L-1 or greater. Concentrations of dissolved oxygen never dropped below 5.70 mg L-1, but the observed declines of ~2 mg L-1 could become stressful during periods of high water temperatures. Nevertheless, the APG-induced shift from copepod to cladoceran dominated communities and decrease in autochthonous carbon availability has important implications for food availability and quality to higher trophic levels such as planktivorous fishes.
Building a Competency-Based STEM Curriculum in Non-STEM Disciplines: A sySTEMic Approach

Educational research strongly suggests that the creativity and problem-solving abilities in young children in the United States have decreased dramatically over the past 50 years. There exists a vast difference in opinion regarding the definition of what it means to be creative and its related measurement in the fields of science technology math and engineering. We suggest that the real problems we face are founded on an overarching creativity loss on the part of the general population of students. In this chapter we describe what we believe are appropriate instructional strategies and design experiences to facilitate instruction on how to be more creative and think more critically that reach out to students majoring not only in the STEM disciplines but also all students regardless of career choice. We further describe ways to design effective, research-based curriculum that extend the traditional, problem-based instructional practices present in the individual science, technology, and, math disciplines into non-STEM subject areas. We refer to our initiative as an “engineer-think” curricular approach to indicate that our goal is to demonstrate to all students, regardless of discipline, how apply systematically steps that support their learning how to solve ill-defined problems using the same skill methods that are taught in the engineering courses. We also delve into the overarching principles behind our engineer-think curriculum framework and present a path (via educational design research) to ensure that the goals and outcomes are appropriately integrated.
Measurement of body radioactivity for studies of sodium metabolism.

A sensitive external gamma-ray counter is described for clinical tracer studies of radioisotopes which do not concentrate specifically in any part of the human body. The detector is a 4 by 4 inch sodium iodide crystal, enclosed in a 5- inch-thick steel shield. The background counting rate, gamma-ray counting efficiency, and photopeak efficiency of the body radioactivity counter are discussed, and values are given for the 1.28-Mev gamma rays of Na/sup 22/. In a long-term Na/sup 22/ study of a normal subject, the body radioactivity counter measurements proved to be more accurate in following Na/sup 22/ retention in the body than the standard method of measurement of Na/sup 22/ excretion in urine, in that they accounted for both renal and extrarenal losses. The exchangeable sodium could be determined from the body radioactivity counter measurements and serum specific activities at any time, with better than 3 per cent accuracy. The exchangeable sodium was found to vary with sodium intake. (auth)
Factors in whole-egg protein influencing dietary induction of increases in enzyme and RNA levels in rat pancreas.

Protein constituents of whole-egg powder responsible for the induction of increased amounts of chymotrypsinogen, trypsinogen, amylase lipase and RNA in the pancreas were studied in rats fed two meals per day and killed while in the post- absorptive state. Improvement of the protein quality of a 15% casein diet with addition of methionine or 15% more casein raised enzyme but not RNA levels in the pancreas. Addition of egg white trypsin inhibitor (EWTI) raised enzyme and RNA levels. Egg protein, heated to destroy EWTI, and an amino acid mixture simulating whole-egg protein were not equivalent to unheated egg protein. EWTI did not induce increases in pancreatic components when fed with an amino acid diet. In contrast to EWTI, soybean trypsin inhibitor (SBTI) fed with a casein diet depressed amylase in the pancreas although it elevated levels of chymotrypsinogen, trypsinogen and lipase. Chymotryp sinogen was increased significantly more by SBTI than by EWTI. The enzyme pattern produced in the pancreas of rats injected with pancreozymin three times daily for 1 week was similar to that produced by feeding EWTI for 1 week. Pancreozymin did not induce increases in pancreatic RNA.
Fluid dynamics with a computational perspective

1. Introduction to viscous flow 2. Elements of computational analysis 3. Creeping flow 4. Intermediate Reynolds numbers 5. High Reynolds number and boundary layer 6. Turbulent flow 7. Compressible flow 8. Interfaces.
On the Cohen-Macaulay modules of graded subrings

We give several characterizations for the linearity property for a maximal Cohen-Macaulay module over a local or graded ring, as well as proofs of existence in some new cases. In particular, we prove that the existence of such modules is preserved when taking Segre products, as well as when passing to Veronese subrings in low dimensions. The former result even yields new results on the existence of finitely generated maximal Cohen-Macaulay modules over non-Cohen-Macaulay rings.
Odd Nitrogen in the Mesosphere and Thermosphere: Its Chemistry and Transport

Nitric oxide is produced in the thermosphere as an indirect result of an intricate series of ion recombination, ion-atom interchange, and atom-atom interchange reactions which initially result in the production of atomic nitrogen. Table 1 lists the relevant reactions and rate coefficients. The atomic nitrogen may be produced either in its ground (4S) term or in the highly reactive metastable 2D term. Nitric oxide is then produced in the atom-atom interchange reactions 1 and 2 of Table 1 (see e.g. Strobel et al. 1970; Norton and Barth 1970; Rusch 1973).
Plant genetics: out with the old, in with the new?

Plant breeding represents an evolving technology based largely on genetic principles. Approximately one-half of the increased yields of major crop plants can be attributed to the genetic improvement of the crop. Although the breeding technology and undergirding science are sound, additional information on the biochemical pathways underlying agronomic and quality traits and their genetic control would allow new genetic technologies to be used more fully. Current developments in molecular biology, plant cell and tissue culture, genetic engineering, and use of molecular genetics will facilitate the selection of complex traits
Self‐Assembly of n‐Alkyl‐ and Aryl‐Side Chain Ureas and Their Derivatives as Evidenced by SEM and X‐ray Analysis

A small library of ureas and related compounds was synthesized and examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), single-crystal X-ray diffraction, powder X-ray (pXRD), and polarized optical microscopy (POM) techniques in order to elucidate the factors controlling their self-assembly in the solid state. Inspection of the 12 solid-state structures revealed that molecules in the crystal lattice are held together by intermolecular H-bonding, π–π stacking as well as C-H/π interactions. The same interactions are likely responsible for the formation of supramolecular aggregates (e.g. sheet-like assemblies, micro- and nano-fibers, and the porous networks easily identifiable by SEM technique) and in certain cases led to the small molecules gelation.
In the rat, endogenous nitric oxide modulates the response of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis to interleukin-1 beta, vasopressin, and oxytocin

Nitric oxide (NO) synthase (NOS), the enzyme responsible for NO formation, is found in hypothalamic neurons containing oxytocin (OT), vasopressin (VP), and to a lesser extent corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF). Because NO is reported to modulate endocrine activity, we have investigated the hypothesis that endogenous NO participates in ACTH released by various secretagogues in the rat. In the adult male rat, the intravenous injection of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta; 0.2–0.3 micrograms/kg), VP (0.3–0.9 micrograms/kg), and OT (30 micrograms/kg) significantly increased plasma ACTH and corticosterone levels. Pretreatment with the L-form, but not the D-form, of N omega nitro-L- arginine-methylester (L-NAME; a specific inhibitor of NOS) markedly augmented the effects of these secretagogues whether it was injected acutely or over a 4 d period. Blockade of NOS activity also caused significant (P < 0.01) extensions of the duration of action of IL-1 beta, VP, and OT. In contrast, L-NAME did not significantly alter the stimulatory action of peripherally injected CRF, or centrally administered IL-1 beta. Administration of L-arginine, but not D- arginine (100 mg/kg), used as a substrate for basal NO synthesis and which did not by itself alter the activity of the hypothalamic- pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, blunted IL-1-induced ACTH secretion, and reversed the interaction between L-NAME and IL-1 beta. The stimulatory action of endotoxin, a lipopolysaccharide that releases endogenous cytokines, was also augmented by inhibition of NO formation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
N-Terminal Deletions Modify the Cu2+ Binding Site in Amyloid-β†

Copper is implicated in the in vitro formation and toxicity of Alzheimer's disease amyloid plaques containing the β-amyloid (Aβ) peptide (Bush, A. I., et al. (2003) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 10...
Trends in kinetic methods of analysis

Abstract Seven trends in kinetic methods of analysis are identified and described. These trends include the increasing use of automation and multidimensional instrumentation, the continuing development of sophisticated data processing approaches and error compensation methods, the improvements in multicomponent and single component determinations and the exploitation of the kinetic approach for transient responses that are not the result of chemical reactions. The trends described should continue throughout the 1990s and lead the way into the next century. These trends are helping to make kinetic methods competitive with those based on processes at equilibrium or at steady state.
ATRP Synthesis of Amphiphilic Random, Gradient, and Block Copolymers of 2-(Dimethylamino)ethyl Methacrylate and n-Butyl Methacrylate in Aqueous Media

Amphiphilic random, gradient, and block copolymers of 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) and n-butyl methacrylate (BMA) were synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) in water/2-propanol mixtures using a methoxy-poly(ethylene glycol) (MPEG) (M(n) = 2000) macroinitiator. Kinetic studies indicate that the copolymerization is well controlled with molecular weights increasing linearly with conversion. Copolymers with molecular weights up to M(n) = 34000 and low polydispersities (M(w)/M(n) = 1.11-1.47) were prepared. The reactivity ratios were calculated for the copolymerizations catalyzed by CuBr/bpy, (r(DMAEMA) = 1.07, r(BMA) = 1.24). The thermosensitivity and aggregation properties of the random, gradient, and block copolymers significantly depended on the architecture of the copolymers. The lower critical solution temperature of MPEG-b-PDMAEMA(84) was 38 degrees C (5 wt % in water).
Multiple Genes Repress Motility in Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Constitutively Expressing Type 1 Fimbriae

Two surface organelles of uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC), flagella and type 1 fimbriae, are critical for colonization of the urinary tract but mediate opposite actions. Flagella propel bacteria through urine and along mucus layers, while type 1 fimbriae allow bacteria to adhere to specific receptors present on uroepithelial cells. Constitutive expression of type 1 fimbriae leads to repression of motility and chemotaxis in UPEC strain CFT073, suggesting that UPEC may coordinately regulate motility and adherence. To identify genes involved in this regulation of motility by type 1 fimbriae, transposon mutagenesis was performed on a phase-locked type 1 fimbrial ON variant of strain CFT073 (CFT073 fim L-ON), followed by a screen for restoration of motility in soft agar. Functions of the genes identified included attachment, metabolism, transport, DNA mismatch repair, and transcriptional regulation, and a number of genes had hypothetical function. Isogenic deletion mutants of these genes were also constructed in CFT073 fim L-ON. Motility was partially restored in six of these mutants, including complementable mutations in four genes encoding known transcriptional regulators, lrhA, lrp, slyA, and papX; a mismatch repair gene, mutS; and one hypothetical gene, ydiV. Type 1 fimbrial expression in these mutants was unaltered, and the majority of these mutants expressed larger amounts of flagellin than the fim L-ON parental strain. Our results indicate that repression of motility in CFT073 fim L-ON is not solely due to the constitutive expression of type 1 fimbriae on the surfaces of the bacteria and that multiple genes may contribute to this repression.
Conformational and structural studies of ethyl fluorosilane from temperature dependent FT-IR spectra of krypton solutions and ab initio calculations

Abstract The infrared spectra (3200–30 cm −1 ) of gaseous and solid ethyl fluorosilane, CH 3 CH 2 SiH 2 F, have been recorded. Additionally, the Raman spectra (3200–30 cm −1 ) of the liquid and solid have been recorded and quantitative depolarization values obtained. Both the gauche and trans conformers have been identified in the fluid phases but only the gauche conformer remains in the solid. Variable temperature (−105 to −150°C) studies of the infrared spectra of the sample dissolved in liquid krypton have been carried out. From these data, the enthalpy difference has been determined to be 54±16 cm −1 (646±191 J/mol) with the gauche conformer the more stable form. This is consistent with the predictions from ab initio, MP2/6-311+G(2d,2p), calculation as well as those with smaller basis sets with full electron correlations. A complete vibrational assignment is proposed for both the trans and gauche conformers based on infrared band contours, relative intensities, depolarization values, and group frequencies, which are supported by normal-coordinate calculations utilizing the force constants from MP2/6-31G(d) ab initio calculations. Complete equilibrium geometries have been determined for both rotamers by ab initio calculations employing a variety of basis sets up to 6-311+G(2d,2p) at levels of restricted Hartree–Fock (RHF) and/or Moller Plesset to the second order (MP2) with full electron correlation. The adjusted r 0 parameters have been obtained for both conformers from a combination of the previously reported rotational constants with ab initio predicted values. All results are compared to similar quantities of some corresponding molecules.
Instability layers and airglow imaging

[1] For over 30 years it has been recognized that atmospheric gravity waves (AGWs) in the 80–110 km region significantly perturb the basic atmospheric state, perhaps causing instability regions and subsequent turbulence. It has also been recognized for nearly as long that AGWs cause strong fluctuations in the airglow emissions that originate in this altitude region. Airglow images have been obtained since 1973, and they have shown structures that have mainly been attributed to the passage of AGWs through this region as predicted theoretically. The AGWs have been assumed to originate largely in the troposphere because of either convective activity or the flow of air over large mountain ranges. However, intensive analysis of the properties of a class of small-scale features currently known as ripples [Taylor et al., 1997; Nakamura et al., 1999] suggests that these features are not AGWs but are rather instability features generated in situ. The basis for this hypothesis is examined in this review, and it is concluded that while there is support for the instability hypothesis as the origin of ripple features, at present the exact nature of the instabilities causing these features is not known.
Drosophila Ulp1, a Nuclear Pore-associated SUMO Protease, Prevents Accumulation of Cytoplasmic SUMO Conjugates

SUMO is a small ubiquitin-like protein that becomes covalently conjugated to a variety of target proteins, the large majority of which are found in the nucleus. Ulp1 is a member of a family of proteases that control SUMO function positively, by catalyzing the proteolytic processing of SUMO to its mature form, and negatively, by catalyzing SUMO deconjugation. In Drosophila S2 cells, depletion of Ulp1 by RNA interference results in a dramatic change in the overall spectrum of SUMO conjugates, indicating that SUMO deconjugation is substrate-specific and plays a critical role in determining the steady state targets of SUMO conjugation. Ulp1 normally serves to prevent the accumulation of SUMO-conjugated forms of a number of proteins, including the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase EPRS. In the presence of Ulp1, most SUMO conjugates reside in the nucleus. However, in its absence, SUMO-conjugated EPRS accumulates in the cytoplasm, contributing to an overall shift of SUMO from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. The ability of Ulp1 to restrict SUMO conjugates to the nucleus is independent of its role as a SUMO-processing enzyme because Ulp1-dependent nuclear localization of SUMO is even observed when SUMO is expressed in a preprocessed form. Studies of a Ulp1-GFP fusion protein suggest that Ulp1 localizes to the nucleoplasmic face of the nuclear pore complex. We hypothesize that, as a component of the nuclear pore complex, Ulp1 may prevent proteins from leaving the nucleus with SUMO still attached.
Production and refinement of oil from carp (Cyprinus carpio) viscera

Abstract Carp viscera oil can be obtained by both ensilage and fishmeal processes. This study examined the refinement of carp ( Cyprinus carpio ) oils obtained by both processes, and compared crude, neutralised, bleached, winterised and deodorised oils’ characteristics and lipid profiles. Refined oils obtained by the two processes did not present significant difference ( p > 0.05) for Lovibond colour, free fatty acids, and thiobarbituric acid values. The major fatty acids identified in the carp crude, bleached and refined oils were oleic, palmitic, palmitoleic, linoleic and linolenic, constituting approximately 69.6% of the total fatty acids of the oils. The n − 3/ n − 6 ratio was approximately 1.05 for refined oil. Therefore, carp viscera refined oil can be considered a rich source of essential fatty acids of the n − 3 and n − 6 series.
An analytical study of density currents in sheared, stratified fluids including the effects of latent heating

Abstract A nonlinear analytic model is used to study the bulk characteristics of energy conserving density currents in stratified and sheared environments. The idealized representation of latent heating in a stratified flow is a unique feature that interactively couples the dynamic and thermodynamic fields. A stable stratification decreases the height of density currents but increases the corresponding propagation speed. In contrast, the density current is deeper and moves more slowly once latent heating is included. As for the effect of shear, the depth and the translation speed of density currents increase as the ambient shear varies from negative to positive (in the direction of propagation), with the exception of a strongly stable environment. A key addition to density current dynamics is the upper-level overturning circulation ahead of the system. This feature is very different from the blocked or choked upper-level structure found in the companion paper of Liu and Moncrieff. The distinction is attri...
High-speed quantum dot tracking and velocimetry using evanescent wave illumination

Total internal reflection velocimetry (TIRV) is applied to measure the dynamics of 17 nm diameter, colloidal quantum dot (QD) tracer particles within 200 nm of a microchannel wall at shear rates in excess of 20,000 s−1. QDs are quickly developing into viable tracer particles for measuring microscale fluid dynamics. However, the low emission intensities of QDs usually require long exposure and inter-frame times, which limit velocity resolution and compromise accuracy (due to their fast diffusion as a consequence of a small diameter). In this study, a two-stage, high-speed image intensifier and camera were integrated into an evanescent wave microscopy imaging system. This provided the necessary temporal resolution to image the fast diffusion dynamics of QDs in real-time (up to 10,000 fps), which allowed individual particles to be tracked continuously for extended periods of time. In addition to examining the trajectories of individual particles, ensemble-averaged tracking measurements reveal near-wall velocity distributions in high-speed microchannel flows (Re ∼ 10), where velocities on the order of 5 mm/s are measured within 200 nm of the microchannel wall. This data provides a robust confirmation of recent results demonstrating diffusion-induced bias error for near-wall velocimetry.
A phase I trial of intraperitoneal recombinant interleukin 2 in patients with ovarian carcinoma.

Seven patients with refractory stage III ovarian carcinoma were treated with escalating doses of human recombinant interleukin 2 (rIL-2) administered via the intraperitoneal (IP) route in an attempt to establish a dose and schedule of rIL-2 suitable for prolonged outpatient IP administration. Three patients went on to receive outpatient maintenance treatment twice weekly for 2–3 months. Doses ranged from 105 to 5 × 107 U/m2. The dose found most suitable for twice weekly outpatient IP administration was 106 U/m2. Dose-limiting toxicities consisted of diarrhea resulting in hypovolemia (5 patients) fever and chills (4 patients), nausea and vomiting (1 patient), mental status changes (2 patients), and azotemia (1 patient). These side effects were not prevented by indomethacin. Significant hypotension was not observed. Pharmacokinetic studies revealed extremely high IP concentrations of IL-2 which persisted for more than 24 hours. After a dose of 106 U/m2, the IP concentrations ranged from 670 to 760 U/ml. In one patient in whom concurrent serum concentrations were determined, the IP concentrations were over 100-fold higher than serum levels. After a dose of 107 U/m2, the IP concentrations of IL-2 ranged from 8700 to 14000. Concurrent serum levels in one patient revealed IP concentrations over 500-fold higher than serum levels. There were no consistent changes in T cell surface and activation markers on mononuclear cells from peripheral blood in 3 patients tested. Natural killer cell (NK) activity in peripheral blood increased in the three patients in whom it was measured. Four of the 7 patients progressed on treatment; 3 patients remained stable. We conclude that 106 U/m2 of rIL-2 is well-tolerated when administered by the IP route and that concentrations of IL-2 well in excess of that required to enhance cell-mediated cytotoxicity in vitro persist in the IP fluid for at least 24 hours.
Feasibility Study for the System of Coal Gasification by Molten Blast Furnace Slag

At present, molten blast furnace slag is quenched rapidly using a large amount of water to produce a glassy-granulated slag without any recovery of its much sensible heat, polluting water and atmosphere. To solve these problems, a new heat recovery system is proposed. This system consists of melting gasifier, the 2nd gasifier and boiler in order to achieve stepped energy using. The melting gasifier and the 2nd gasifier use the endothermic heat of gasification reaction instead of sensible heat to recover the energy of molten blast furnace slag. The possibility of the new heat recovery system is studied. The reactions in melting gasifier are studied using STA409PC thermal analyzer and HSC chemistry software. The economic and environmental benefits are calculated based on the heat and mass balances. The results indicate that this method is possible and better than conventional methods such as hot water or steam production. The molten BF slag acts as not only thermal media but also good catalyst. The efficiency of melting gasifier is high and without pollution. Besides, this method can bring huge economic and environmental benefits which are important to the survival and sustainable development of iron-steel enterprises.
What Is the Role of Group Parent Training in the Treatment of ADD Children

Abstract The nature of the behavioral deficiencies in children with Attention Deficit Disorders and how these might lead to the development of noncompliance, oppositional behavior, and other conduct problems are briefly described. Since the majority of ADD children eventually display such conduct problems, it is important to train parents in behavior management skills so as to effectively treat these conduct problems. The abundance of ADD children referred to child guidance centers and the significant distress they create for their parents argue for the use of group parent training in child management skills as the most cost-effective method for managing this heavy case load. The rationale for a group parent training program, and the steps involved in it are briefly described. A case example is provided.
New Millisecond Isomer Lifetime Measurements at LANSCE

Abstract New half-life measurements have been made of the millisecond isomers 71 m Ge, 114 m 2 I, 208 m Bi, 88 m 1 Y, 88 m 2 Y, and 75 m As populated in neutron-induced reactions. These measurements were made using the unique time structure of the LANSCE/WNR neutron source, by observing the γ -ray decays of the isomers during the time between the LANSCE proton macropulses. Two different LANSCE proton beam time structures were used. The GEANIE array of HPGe detectors was used to detect the γ -ray decays.
Tropoelastin gene expression in optic nerve heads of normal and glaucomatous subjects

Elastic fibers are a major component of the extracellular matrix in the optic nerve head (ONH) and undergo marked morphological changes during primary open angle glaucoma (POAG). Previous findings indicated that there is reactivation of tropoelastin mRNA synthesis in glaucoma. In this study, we sought to determine the alternative splicing pattern of tropoelastin in the human optic nerve head and in cultured laminar astrocytes. Furthermore, we compared the alternative splicing pattern of normal elastogenesis with that of reactivation of elastin synthesis in patients with primary open angle glaucoma. Our results demonstrate that exons 23 and 32 of tropoelastin are alternatively spliced in the normal ONH as well as in tissue from glaucomatous patients. There are no qualitative differences. We also demonstrated that astrocytes from the ONH synthesize tropoelastin in vitro. In conclusion, we have demonstrated a tropoelastin alternative splicing pattern in the human optic nerve head and laminar astrocytes. Abnormalities in elastic fibers in the ONH of patients with POAG are not due to an aberrant splice variant of tropoelastin. Astrocytes grown from ONH explants may serve as an in vitro model to study extracellular matrix changes in glaucoma.
Customer service: then and now

Technology changes on a more frequent basis than ever before, but what is often overlooked is how customer service demands are changing along with it. In Iowa, we've seen that, as the customers needs change, so does the expectation of support. In the not so distant past, we worked with customers who wanted us to "do it for them," however, the newer generations coming to campus have much different expectations. We see two new, but very distinct types of customer technology levels, those who know just enough to be dangerous and those who just want step-by-step instructions so they can do it themselves. Offering a different variety of support is also evolving. Customer service troubleshooting used to only involve face-to-face contact or over the phone. Now, we can offer email, chat, crowd sourcing, and even self-service via a knowledgebase. Being able to keep up with the technology is one thing, but adjusting and renewing the customer service skills, is a whole new ballgame. One of the greatest HelpDesk challenges today is to be able to recognize the type of customer you are dealing with and adjust your Customer Service style very quickly in order to best assist that customer.
Redeeming Indian 'Christian' Womanhood?: Missionaries, Dalits, and Agency in Colonial India

This study of dalit Christians in colonial North India suggests that women who converted to Christianity in the region often experienced a contraction of the range of their activities. Bauman analyzes this counterintuitive result of missionary work and then draws on the work of Saba Mahmood and others to interrogate the predilection of feminist historians for agents, rabble-rousers, and gender troublemakers. The article concludes not only that this predilection represents a mild form of egocentrism but also that it prevents historians from adequately analyzing the complexity of factors that motivate and influence human behavior.
Capitalist diversity on Europe's periphery

East European Politics ISSN: 2159-9165 (Print) 2159-9173 (Online) Journal homepage: http://rsa.tandfonline.com/loi/fjcs21 Capitalist diversity on Europe's periphery Nina Bandelj To cite this article: Nina Bandelj (2013) Capitalist diversity on Europe's periphery, East European Politics, 29:4, 546-547, DOI: 10.1080/21599165.2013.834425 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21599165.2013.834425 Published online: 01 Nov 2013. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 103 Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://rsa.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=fjcs21 Download by: [The UC Irvine Libraries] Date: 02 October 2016, At: 00:52
Contributions by Japanese Researchers at Carnegie Mellon University

A significant amount of valuable fundamental research has been conducted by Japanese researchers at the Center or Iron and Steelmaking Research (CISR) at Carnegie Mellon University. The work of these researchers, with the author, are reviewed in this paper. Research on ironmaking, steelmaking and refining is included. Examples include fundamentals of iron smelting, refining for phosphorus and nitrogen, slag foaming and the kinetics of various gas-metal reactions.
The invertibility of rotation invariant Radon transforms

Let Rμ denote the Radon transform on Rn that integrates a function over hyperplanes in given smooth positive measures μ depending on the hyperplane. We characterize the measures μ for which Rμ is rotation invariant. We prove rotation invariant transforms are all one-to-one and hence invertible on the domain of square integrable functions of compact support, L02(Rn). We prove the hole theorem: if f ϵ L02Rn and Rμf = 0 for hyperplanes not intersecting a ball centered at the origin, then f is zero outside of that ball. Using the theory of Fourier integral operators, we extend these results to the domain of distributions of compact support on Rn. Our results prove invertibility for a mathematical model of positron emission tomography and imply a hole theorem for the constantly attenuated Radon transform as well as invertibility for other Radon transforms.