cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Crystal and Molecular Structure of trans -1,2-bis(2-benzothiazolyl)ethene

The crystal and molecular structure of trans-1,2-bis(2-benzothiazolyl)ethene is reported. Crystal data for 1: monoclinic, space group C 2/c, a = 24.926(3) A, b = 4.843(1) A, c = 11.164(1) A, β = 105.274(5) °, V = 1300.0(3) A3, and D c = 1.50 g/cm3 for Z = 4 and R = 0.028. The molecule crystallizes in the form of a colorless plate and forms one-dimensional slipped π-stacks. The title compound crystallizes to form 1D slipped π-stacks in the solid state.
Developmental control of the beta-phaseolin gene requires positive, negative, and temporal seed-specific transcriptional regulatory elements and a negative element for stem and root expression

Summary To identify cis-acting regulatory elements responsible for developmental control of the common bean seed storage protein β-phaseolin, a series of 5′-deletion mutants of the 782 bp upstream sequence together with the coding and 3′-regions of the β-phaseolin gene were used to transform tobacco. One major positive regulatory element (−295/−228) and a putative minimal promoter (−64/−14) were indicated by large reductions in phaseolin mRNA and protein concentrations in seeds of plants deficient for these regions. In addition, minor negative (−422/−296) and positive (−782/−423) elements also influenced the level of phaseolin mRNA expression in seeds. One temporal element (−295/−107) governed late expression of phaseolin mRNA in seeds, and possibly a second (−64/−14) regulated early expression. The −64/−14 promoter containing two TATA boxes conferred spatially regulated gene expression, and was sufficient for a low level of expression in root and stem. Significant levels of phaseolin mRNA and protein were detected in stem cortices and secondary roots of plants lacking the −295/−107 negative element. No significant expression in leaf tissue was detected. Results demonstrate that developmental control of β-phaseolin requires a minimal promoter, one element for the suppression of expression in root and stem tissue, three elements governing quantitative expression in seeds, and at least one temporal element controlling expression in seeds.
Stable carbon isotope ratios in Fundulus heteroclitus (L.) muscle tissue and gut contents from a North Carolina spartina marsh

Abstract Recent food habit and productivity research on the killifish, Fundulus heteroclitus (L.), suggests that this species is important in the movement of organic material within and out of the salt marsh ecosystem. The stable carbon isotope ratios of Fundulus muscle tissue and gut contents were measured seasonally to determine the carbon source of the killifish. For muscle δ 13 C values ranged from -13.9% to -15.8% and -15.8% to -18.4% for gut contents, suggesting differential assimilation of ingested material. Muscle tissue indicate that assimilated carbon probably originated from a mixture of benthic algae and Spartina ingested by major prey species: the filddle: crab, Uca pugnax (Smith): the polychaete, Nereis (Neanthes) succinea Frey and Leuckart; the tanaid, Leptochelia rapax Harger; and other small crustaceans. Small fish (age0–1 yr) showed slightly lower δ 13 C values than larger fish (age 1–3 yr), consistent with differences in their feeding habits. The only seasonal pattern was an enrichment in tissue 13 C that occurred for both small and large fish in the spring, corresponding to the peak spawning period. The δ 13 C determination is a useful tool in identifying and tracing carbon sources through the salt marsh food web, detecting differences in feeding habits between age classes of organisms, and assessing the relative nutritive value of ingested dietary items if differential assimilation is suspected.
A Robust Strategy for Sustainable Energy

The known energy resource base is more than sufficient to provide a growing world population with energy on the scale to which the industrial countries have grown accustomed and to which the developing countries aspire. Environmental constraints exist but have promising solutions, provided farsighted policies are adopted in timely fashion. We illustrate the scale of the problem using a simple numerical scenario of world energy demand over the next century and calculating the implied increase in carbon emissions and atmospheric carbon concentrations. We conclude that action is needed soon to keep carbon concentrations below 500 parts per million as of 2050 and that the cost of mitigation will be less than 1 percent of gross world product as of 2050, assuming today’s promising technologies prove successful, but also that additional novel mitigation technologies will need to be developed and adopted after 2050.
Technology Is Changing What's "Fair Use" in Teaching

The Doctrine of Fair Use was established by the courts to exempt certain activities such as teaching and research from the legal requirements of the copyright law. Before the 1976 Revision of the Copyright Act, only two cases were brought against teachers for copyright infringements. In both cases the teachers lost because their extensive copying was found to impact the copyright owner's market for legally published copies. Although the 1976 Act explicitly recognizes the existence of potentially Fair Uses, the act makes application of the principle highly situational. Classroom Guidelines attached to the Act make application even more murky and constrained. After 1976 photocopy technology and the advent of the coursepack began a trend towards circumscribing situations in which Fair Use may be applied. Potential impact on a new, lucrative market for sale of rights to copy portions of books and journals appears to dominate contemporary case law. Desktop publishing and Internet and web-based teaching, the authors believe, will further erode traditional applications of Fair Use for educational purposes. They argue that instructors and researchers should assume that there is no Fair Use on the Internet. Guidelines are provided for faculty and others considering dissemination of potentially copyrighted materials to students via digital technologies.
rf-induced Sisyphus cooling in an optical dipole trap

A cooling process for optical dipole traps, rf-induced Sisyphus cooling in a circularly polarized far-off-resonance trap, is demonstrated. Cooling rates of up to 300 μK/s are observed without significant atom loss. The final temperature achieved was (a somewhat disappointing) 17 μK. Experimental studies and theoretical analysis of this cooling process were carried out, which explain that the temperature limit is due to an equilibrium between the small fraction of total thermal energy that is removed per Sisyphus cycle and the multiple photon recoils that are required to complete each cycle. Light-induced collisional loss made it difficult to operate under conditions where a larger fraction of the energy would be removed. A method for storing atoms in an optical trap with only a single confined spin state is also demonstrated.
Somali Immigrant Perceptions of Mental Health and Illness: An Ethnonursing Study.

Purpose: Knowledge of Somali immigrants’ mental health care beliefs and practices is needed so that nurses can promote culturally congruent care. The purpose of this study was to explore, discover, and understand mental health meanings, beliefs, and practices from the perspective of immigrant Somalis. Method: Leininger’s qualitative ethnonursing research method was used. Thirty informants (9 key and 21 general) were interviewed in community settings. Leininger’s ethnonursing enablers and four phases of analysis for qualitative data were used. Results: Analysis of the interviews revealed 21 categories and nine patterns from which two main themes emerged. The themes are the following: (a) Our religion significantly influences our mental health and (b) Our tribe connectedness, cultural history, and khat usage are significant in mental health. Conclusions: Somali cultural and religious beliefs and practices influence their health care choices. Implications: The findings will improve care by promoting cultural...
Using human neural stem cells to model neurological disease.

Although many common neurological diseases can be modelled in rodents, in many cases these animal models do not faithfully reproduce the human syndrome at either the molecular or anatomical levels — perhaps owing to important species differences. The study of diseased human brain tissue is therefore crucial for understanding how mutant proteins or toxins might lead to neuronal dysfunction. Unfortunately, this tissue is both scarce and difficult to manipulate. Human stem cells represent a renewable source of tissue that can generate both neurons and glia. Studies that use human stem cells from diseased tissues or stem cells that have been engineered to express specific mutant proteins promise to provide new insights into the mechanisms that underlie neurological diseases.
OWNERSHIP CONCENTRATION AND BANK ACQUISITION STRATEGY: AN EMPIRICAL EXAMINATION

In the context of increasing consolidation in the banking industry, this research examined one of the motives for bank acquisitions and the kinds of acquisitions made by banking firms. The effect of ownership concentration was tested on the absolute level of bank acquisitions and the average degree of geographic‐market overlap of these acquisitions. In a sample of 156 banking firms, banks featuring dispersed ownership were found to acquire other banks with less market‐overlap than did banking firms with concentrated ownership. However, ownership concentration was not a significant predictor of the absolute level of merger activity. Implications of these differences in acquisition strategies are explored.
Poly(iminomethylene) copolymers

Copolymerisation de deux isonitriles, l'un donnant un homopolymere insoluble, l'autre donnant un homopolymere soluble dans l'ethanol. Le copolymere obtenu est soluble dans la plupart des cas et contient des substituants provenant des deux isonitriles. La composition, la solubilite dans le chloroforme et la masse moleculaire est donnee pour 33 copolymeres
Rates of Convergence

In Section 7.1, rate of convergence is defined, and our approach to the rate problem discussed. The rates are developed (in Section 7.3) for three separate cases, two forms of the basic KW procedure and the basic RM procedure. These algorithms are discussed in Section 7.1 and are put into a form which will be useful in the subsequent development. The results of particular interest are the expressions for {Un} given by (7.1.3), (7.1.6) and (7.1.10), and the necessary (resp., best) values for 3 of (7.1.4) ((7.1.5), resp.), and similarly for the other algorithms Section 7.2 gives some notation and lists and discusses several sets of conditions. The rate of convergence theorems are stated and proved in Section 7.3. Section 7.4 contains a discussion of the value of averaging several observations per iteration and compares the basic KW procedure (Theorem 2.3. 5) with the KW procedure when the directions are chosen at random (Theorem 2.3.6).
Effects of C-peptide on expression of eNOS and iNOS in human cavernosal smooth muscle cells.

Abstract Objectives To investigate the role of C-peptide alone or in conjunction with insulin on the expression of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in human corpus cavernosum smooth muscle cells (HCSMCs). Erectile dysfunction, among diabetic patients, is a significant health problem. The specific causes of erectile dysfunction are unknown. It has been suggested that impairment of penile relaxation is related to a reduction of penile NOS. Plasma levels of C-peptide and insulin are decreased in individuals with type 1 diabetes and late-stage type 2 diabetes. Methods Primary cultures were initiated from explants of HCSMCs. Confluent cells at passages 2 to 4 were assigned to one of four groups with the following incubation conditions: (a) 27 mM glucose, (b) 27 mM glucose and insulin, (c) 27 mM glucose and human recombinant (hr)C-peptide, and (d) 27 mM glucose, insulin, and hrC-peptide. After 24 hours, total RNA and protein were extracted from cells and subjected to reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis, respectively. Intracellular Ca 2+ was examined under the four conditions, using the Fura 2 method. Results The least expression of endothelial NOS (eNOS) and inducible NOS (iNOS) in HCSMCs was observed in cells exposed to 27 mM glucose alone. Increased expression of eNOS and iNOS was found after treatment with insulin or hrC-peptide alone, and the maximal expression of eNOS and iNOS was detected in HCSMCs exposed to both insulin and hrC-peptide. Western blot analyses using eNOS and iNOS antibodies confirmed the RNA data. These effects are likely mediated by the insulin-induced and/or C-peptide-induced increase in intracellular Ca 2+ . Conclusions Our results demonstrated that C-peptide, in the presence of insulin, increases the expression of iNOS and eNOS in HCSMCs. These results suggest that C-peptide, especially in conjunction with insulin, may have beneficial effects on cavernosal smooth muscle relaxation.
Instruction-level DFT for testing processor and IP cores in system-on-a-chip

Self-testing manufacturing defects in a system-on-a-chip (SOC) by running test programs using a programmable core has several potential benefits including, at-speed testing, low DfT overhead due to elimination of dedicated test circuitry and better power and thermal management during testing, However, such a self-test strategy might require a lengthy test program and might not achieve a high enough fault coverage. We propose a DfT methodology to improve the fault coverage and reduce the test program length, by adding test instructions to an on-chip programmable core such as a microprocessor core. This paper discusses a method of identifying effective test instructions which could result in highest benefits with low area/performance overhead. The experimental results show that with the added test instructions, a complete fault coverage for testable path delay faults can be achieved with a greater than 20% reduction in the program size and the program runtime, as compared to the case without instruction-level DfT.
Comparative Analysis of Ultra-Low Voltage Flip-Flops for Energy Efficiency

The wide use of voltage scaling along with pipelining makes flip-flops particularly important at ultra-low voltages. In this paper, the impact of voltage scaling on the performance of flip-flops is analyzed. Four representative flip-flops are compared at ultra-low voltages, for delay, energy and energy-delay-product (EDP). With decreasing supply voltage, a pulse-triggered flip-flop and a sense-amplifier based flip-flop produce smaller increase in setup time, compared with a master-slaver flip-flop. For energy efficient operation at ultra-low voltages, a transmission-gate based master-slave flip-flop achieves the smallest EDP at low switching activities, while a pulse-triggered flip-flop becomes more energy efficient at high switching activities.
Contraction and closure

In this paper, I consider the connection between consequence relations and closure operations. I argue that one familiar connection makes good sense of some usual applications of consequence relations, and that a largeish family of familiar noncontractive consequence relations cannot respect this familiar connection.
Knowledge Management in Occupational Hygiene: The United States Example

Knowledge management is an emerging field focusing on assessing the creation, transfer, and utilization of knowledge to address specific challenges. Generally, knowledge management has described efforts within and between companies to consider knowledge as a manageable asset. In this paper, we suggest that occupational hygiene knowledge can be considered a manageable asset by businesses and that the entire field of occupational hygiene in the USA can be appraised in terms of knowledge management. The knowledge cycle creates a foundation for knowledge management. Knowledge creation (research, recognition and evaluation), transfer (distribution, dissemination and diffusion), and utilization (risk management and control) make up the key elements of the knowledge cycle. Defining and understanding the roles of knowledge cycle elements facilitate the application of knowledge management to problems, systems, and situations in individual companies and in the field of occupational hygiene in general. Examples of current, effective knowledge management practices within occupational hygiene in the USA are described, and recommendations for further utilization of knowledge management principles are also presented.
It's all about me: a brief report of incarcerated adolescent sex offenders' generic and sex-specific cognitive distortions.

This study investigated the scope of cognitive distortions and their relationship to empathy among adolescent sex offenders. Self-report measures of sex-specific and generic self-serving cognitive distortions as well as empathy were administered to 175 male sex offenders aged 12 to 20 incarcerated at a juvenile correctional facility. Generic distortions (e.g., attribution of carelessness to theft victims) were elevated and correlated with sex-specific distortions (e.g., attribution of promiscuity to rape victims). Sex-specific and generic distortions were each inversely associated with unique variance in empathy. Relationships of the distortions to particular contexts of victimization and empathic distress (i.e., for their own sexual abuse victim, another offender's sexual abuse victim, or an accident victim) were also explored. Results suggested that adolescent sex offenders' self-serving cognitive distortions may pervasively neutralize concerns for victims and, therefore, that treatment programs should aim to remediate not only their sex-specific but also their generic self-serving cognitive distortions. Language: en
The impact of a large-scale power outage on hemodialysis center operations.

IntroductionOn June 29, 2012, mid-Atlantic storms resulted in a large-scale power outage affecting up to three million people across multiple (US) states. Hemodialysis centers are dependent on electricity to provide dialysis care to end-stage renal disease patients. The objective of this study was to determine how the power outage impacted operations in a sample of hemodialysis centers in the impacted regions.MethodsThe sample consisted of all hemodialysis centers located in the District of Columbia and a total of five counties with the largest power losses in West Virginia, Virginia, and Maryland. A semi-structured interview guide was developed, and the charge nurse or supervisor in each facility was interviewed. The survey questions addressed whether their centers lost power, if so, for how long, where their patients received dialysis, whether their centers had backup generators, and if so, whether they had any problems operating them, and whether their center received patients from other centers if they had power.ResultsCalls were placed to 90 dialysis centers in the sampled areas and a 90% response rate was achieved. Overall, hemodialysis operations at approximately 30% (n = 24) of the centers queried were impacted by the power outage. Of the 36 centers that lost power, 31% (n = 11) referred their patients to other dialysis centers, 22% (n = 8) accommodated their patients during a later shift or on a different day; the rest of the centers either experienced brief power outages that did not affect operations or experienced a power outage on days that the center is usually closed. Some centers in the study cohort reported receiving patients from other centers for dialysis 33% (n = 27). Thirty-two percent (n = 26) of the centers queried had backup generators on site. Eleven percent (n = 4) of the centers experiencing power outages reported that backup generators were brought in by their parent companies.ConclusionsComprehensive emergency planning for dialysis centers should include provisions for having backup generators on site, having plans in place for the timely delivery of a generator during a power outage, or having predesignated backup dialysis centers for patients to receive dialysis during emergencies. Most dialysis centers surveyed in this study were able to sustain continuity of care by implementing such pre-existing emergency plans.AbirM, JanS, JubeltL, MerchantR, LurieN. The Impact of a Large-Scale Power Outage on Hemodialysis Center Operations. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2013;28(6):1-4.
Mid-resolution multi-temporal mapping of urban areas through a hybrid approach A case study for Milan province, Italy

Remotely sensed data and related processing techniques have proven an effective tool for urban areas study, so that the integration of such products with other cartographic and thematic mapping products can help the management of the urban environment and ease the work of policy makers in city planning and administration. The focus of this work is on the topic of urban areas mapping over province administrative unit of Milan, Italy, using mid-resolution remote sensing data covering the last 20 years. In detail, for years 2008 and 1998 SPOT4 HRVIR data were used, while for 1989 Landsta5 TM data were used. The methodology applied consisted of three main steps; the first step exploits a pixel-based binary cascade thresholding of spectral bands and spectral indexes, which resulted in a 10 classes land cover map comprising both urban and non urban features. The second step filters the pixel-based urban maps using an object-base approach to map agricultural cover features as vegetated and bare fields, better distinguished as objects for their spatial texture and homogeneity. The third step involves the joining of land cover classes into two main classes: urbanized and non urbanized surfaces, and a final polishing of results made with expert knowledge visual interpretation of both satellite images and ancillary vector data. Final derived urban maps have been validated and demonstrated to provide good accuracy, with Overall Accuracy higher than 87% for automatically derived products and higher than 93% for expert refined products.
Transcriptional polarity enhances the contribution of the internal promoter, ilvEp, in the expression of the ilvGMEDA operon in wild-type Escherichia coli K12.

Summary The ilvG gene of Escherichia coli K12 produces a cryptic peptide as a result of a frameshift mutation located approximately halfway through the coding sequence of the gene. This mutation is polar on expression of the downstream genes (ilvEDA) because transcription terminates within the translationally barren region that results from the mutation. Contrary to this, Salmonella typhimurium produces a full-length functional ilvG protein and is therefore unlikely to manifest this polarity event. E. coli K12 strains with mutations either in the ilvG gene (which restores a full-length protein) or in the ρ gene, relieve this polarity suggesting that this event couples transcription and translation in a manner analogous to attenuation. This paper describes experiments designed to determine the molecular nature and location of the polarity event. Most significantly, this work establishes the contribution of the internal promoter (ilvEp, located downstream of the polar site) to the expression of the downstream genes in E. coli K12 wild-type and mutant strains (ilvG) and by extension to the role of this promoter in S. typhimurium. This analysis suggests that ilvEp contributes as much as 90% of ilvEDA expression in wild-type E. coli K12 and only 15% In wild-type S. typhimurium when grown under non-repressing conditions.
NASA EOSDIS Evolution in the BigData Era

NASA's EOSDIS system faces several challenges in the Big Data Era. Although volumes are large (but not unmanageably so), the variety of different data collections is daunting. That variety also brings with it a large and diverse user community. One key evolution EOSDIS is working toward is to enable more science analysis to be performed close to the data.
Predicting infant cortical surface development using a 4D varifold-based learning framework and local topography-based shape morphing

Longitudinal neuroimaging analysis methods have remarkably advanced our understanding of early postnatal brain development. However, learning predictive models to trace forth the evolution trajectories of both normal and abnormal cortical shapes remains broadly absent. To fill this critical gap, we pioneered the first prediction model for longitudinal developing cortical surfaces in infants using a spatiotemporal current-based learning framework solely from the baseline cortical surface. In this paper, we detail this prediction model and even further improve its performance by introducing two key variants. First, we use the varifold metric to overcome the limitations of the current metric for surface registration that was used in our preliminary study. We also extend the conventional varifold-based surface registration model for pairwise registration to a spatiotemporal surface regression model. Second, we propose a morphing process of the baseline surface using its topographic attributes such as normal direction and principal curvature sign. Specifically, our method learns from longitudinal data both the geometric (vertices positions) and dynamic (temporal evolution trajectories) features of the infant cortical surface, comprising a training stage and a prediction stage. In the training stage, we use the proposed varifold-based shape regression model to estimate geodesic cortical shape evolution trajectories for each training subject. We then build an empirical mean spatiotemporal surface atlas. In the prediction stage, given an infant, we select the best learnt features from training subjects to simultaneously predict the cortical surface shapes at all later timepoints, based on similarity metrics between this baseline surface and the learnt baseline population average surface atlas. We used a leave-one-out cross validation method to predict the inner cortical surface shape at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months of age from the baseline cortical surface shape at birth. Our method attained a higher prediction accuracy and better captured the spatiotemporal dynamic change of the highly folded cortical surface than the previous proposed prediction method.
Discrepancy in Self-Report "Loosie" Use and Federal Compliance Checks.

A letter to the editor is presented in response to the article "Loose cigarette purchasing and nondaily smoking among young adult bar patrons in New York City" by J. Guillory, P.M. Ling, S.M. Farley, and others and published in a previous issue.
Diffusion in Oxides

Non-silicate oxide minerals are minor but important constituents of many igneous and metamorphic rocks, a major component of Earth’s lower mantle, and are well represented in planetary and meteoritic materials. Oxide minerals also have important roles in technology, for example as semiconductors, thermal and electrical insulators, fuel cell components, substrates for thin films, photovoltaic materials, and as products of metal oxidation. Because of their technological applications, and their fundamental interest to geosciences, materials science, physics and chemistry, the diffusion properties of many oxide minerals have been studied intensively, using a wide range of experimental, analytical and computational approaches. In many cases, particular attention has been devoted to deciphering the atomic-level mechanisms involved in diffusion. With the possible exceptions of metals and halides, oxides have probably been studied in more detail with regard to their point defect and diffusion properties than any other group of minerals. The oxide minerals considered in this chapter are relatively simple in terms of their structure and chemistry, but nonetheless exhibit quite complicated diffusion behavior in many cases. Due to the simplicity of the minerals, and to the amount and quality of data available, the origin of many of these complicated behaviors is fairly well understood. In magnetite, for example, cation diffusion rates have a complex dependence on oxygen fugacity. This dependence is due to internal redox reactions, and to a transition from an interstitial diffusion mechanism at low oxygen fugacities to a vacancy mechanism under more oxidizing conditions. Oxygen and titanium diffusion rates in rutile also vary strongly with f O2, due to internal reduction of titanium and the associated production of oxygen vacancies and titanium interstitials. Some cations in rutile exhibit strong diffusional anisotropy, which is thought to result from rapid diffusion along interstitial “channels” that extend along the c direction in …
Developmental Outcome of Preterm Infants with Severe Intraventricular Hemorrhage

Of 214 preterm infants studied at Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, Utrecht, the Netherlands, 94 (44%) had a grade 111 intraventricular hemorrhage (1VH), and 120 (56%) had a grade IV hemorrhage.
Caging/Self-Caging: Materiality and Memes as Tools for Geopolitical Analysis:

Human beings, both individually and collectively, are simultaneously victims and perpetrators of the ongoing process of caging (more related to iconographies and power) and self-caging (which is mo...
Service and Home: The Seven Sisters Adapt to the 1980s

The economic recession of the late 1970s and early 1980s profoundly affected one of the strongest magazine categories — the “seven sisters.” After years of leading the industry, it suffered significant declines in growth and profitability in 1979. By 1980 advertising volume was down for all but Good Housekeeping and Woman’s Day, and only Better Homes and Woman’s Day had not suffered drops in circulation.1 The declines continued throughout the early 1980s while publishers and editors tried a number of new ploys to attract advertisers and readers.
Detection and Causes of Bovine Mastitis with Emphasis on Staphylococcus aureus

Bovine mastitis is an inflammation of the mammary gland in cows that is usually caused by bacterial infection. A brief summary of bovine mastitis is presented and the common causative bacteria as well as routine methods of diagnosis are described. Mastitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus is specifically discussed because it is common, causes disease in multiple domestic species, and because it can produce human disease. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a serious pathogen in humans. Although S. aureus is common in bovine mastitis, very few MRSA have been found in milk or dairy cattle.
Fulfilled preferences, perceived control, life satisfaction, and loneliness in elderly long-term care residents.

ABSTRACTObjectives: Person-centered care constructs such as fulfilled preferences, sense of control, and life satisfaction might contribute to loneliness among nursing home residents, but these relationships have not been thoroughly explored. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between fulfilled preferences and loneliness in nursing home residents with perceived control and life satisfaction as potential mediators.Methods: The study utilized a cross-sectional design, examining the targeted variables with a questionnaire administered by trained research staff. A convenience sample of 65 residents (median age = 71) of eight nursing homes were interviewed. Linear regression analysis was utilized to examine the mediation hypotheses.Results: The relationships between fulfilled preferences and loneliness (β = −.377, p = .002), fulfilled preferences and perceived control (β = −.577, p < .001), and perceived control and loneliness (β = .606, p < .001) were significant, and the relationship betwe...
Acute Heart Failure in the Emergency Department: Just a One Night Stand?

It begins with a chief complaint. It almost always ends with an admission. Somewhere in the middle, after the diagnosis is made, we treat patients like it's 1974.1 Standard therapy hasn't changed. Followed by a ritual washing of hands, we move on to the next patient. This is the state of acute heart failure (AHF) managed in the ED today. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
OpenFlow Security Threat Detection and Defense Services

The emergence of OpenFlow-capable switches de- couples control plane from the data flow plane so that they support programmable network and allow network administrators to have programmable central control of network traffic via a controller. The controller and its communication with switches and users become a malicious attack target. This paper explores major possible security threats and attacks on the controller of SDN and proposes a new approach to automatically and dynamically detect and monitor malicious behaviors on flow message passing and defend such attacks to ensure the security of SDN. We have built a FlowEye prototype at service level on Mininet API, and simulation tests are done on two feasible attacks on OpenFlow Beacon platform. The paper provides the feasibility study of such attacks and defense protection strategies in SDN security research.
Pneumonectomy After Induction Therapy for Non-small Cell Lung Cancer

The authors review current data on pneumonectomy in patients with non-small cell cancer after induction chemotherapy and radiation therapy and make recommendations for treatment: Evaluation by a multidisciplinary team for all advanced stage non-small cell lung cancer cases; parenchymal-conserving R0 resection for patients undergoing therapy for resectable NSCLC; pneumonectomies after induction therapy, done in experienced centers; right pneumonectomy in an experienced center after neoadjuvant therapy - if not feasible, consider referral or treatment with chemo radiotherapy.
Effect of Filament Material on the Decomposition of SiH4 in Hot Wire CVD of Si-Based Films

The choice of filament material has an effect on the decomposition of silane during the hot wire chemical vapor deposition (HW-CVD) of amorphous and microcrystalline silicon films. The Si radicals produced from W, Re, Mo and Ta filament materials have been probed by laserbased single photon ionization (SPI) as a function of hot wire temperature. The Si radical profiles are shown to demonstrate two distinct regimes: a regime below 1600°C–1800°C (depending on filament material) limited by surface reaction at the filament in which Si concentration increases monotonically; and a mass transfer limited regime above 1600°C-1800°C where Si intensity saturates. The apparent activation energy of Si radical production in the surface reaction regime from Ta (140–170 kcal/mol) is found to be close to the corresponding Si thermal desorption energy from a Ta surface, suggesting that the Si production is controlled by the desorption process from the bare metal. On the other hand, the Si activation energies from W and Re (30–60 kcal/mol) are lower than the related desorption energies, suggesting that other rate limiting reactions play a role for these materials. The apparent activation energy for the Mo surface (60–90 kcal/mol) is intermediate between the other metal values. In addition to the Si radical study, corresponding film deposition is detected in situ by multiple internal reflection infrared (MIR-IR) spectroscopy. The IR measurements have been used to estimate the growth rate of a-Si:H deposited on a Ge substrate. The results show similar activation energies for both the growth rate and the Si formation from a W filament, implying that Si radical production and subsequent film growth may be dominated by the same elementary reactions within the decomposition and film growth processes at low pressure.
Cavernous Artery Obstruction Following Blunt Trauma to the Penis

AbstractErectile dysfunction following blunt trauma to the erect penis usually is associated with an injury to the tunica albuginea of the corpus cavernosum. We recently identified 2 patients with erectile dysfunction following bending of the penis during coitus whose only abnormality after a complete evaluation, including penile angiography, was a deep cavernous artery injury. We suggest that during examination of patients with erectile dysfunction following blunt injury to the erect penis a complete vascular evaluation, including penile angiography, may be necessary to detect an unrecognized injury to the deep cavernous arteries.
Coarse-Grained Model and Boiling Point Prediction for Asphaltene Model Compounds via HMC-WL Simulations

The determination of vapor–liquid equilibrium data is a key parameter for the conditions of stability or precipitation of asphaltenes. In this work, using molecular simulation, we parametrize a coarse-grained force field for a series of alkyldipyrene compounds, that are often used as model compounds for asphaltenes, and predict their thermodynamic properties at coexistence. To achieve this, we combine a Wang–Landau approach with hybrid Monte Carlo simulations in the isothermal–isobaric ensemble to sample extensively the configurations of the system over a wide range of densities. This allows us to obtain the conditions of coexistence and to shed light on the impact of the alkyl chain on the thermodynamic properties. Most notably, we identify a quasi-linear relationship between the boiling temperature of these compounds and the length of the alkyl chain.
Antimicrobial Studies Using the Therapeutic Tissue Cross-Linking Agent, Sodium Hydroxymethylglycinate: Implication for Treating Infectious Keratitis.

Purpose Our recent studies raise the possibility of using sodium hydroxymethylglycinate (SMG), for pharmacologic therapeutic tissue cross-linking (TXL) of the cornea. The present study was performed to evaluate the antimicrobial effects of SMG for potential use in treating infectious keratitis. Methods In initial (group 1) experiments, methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) were treated with SMG (10-40 mM) for 10 to 120 minutes. In group 2 experiments, MRSA, PA, Candida albicans (CA), and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) were treated with SMG (20-200 mM) for 30 minutes. In group 2 experiments, BSA and neutralizing buffer were added to provide a proteinaceous medium, and to ensure precise control of SMG exposure times, respectively. SMG effectiveness was quantitated based on pathogen growth following a 24- to 48-hour incubation period. Results In group 1 experiments, as expected, time- and concentration-dependent bactericidal effects were noted using MSSA. In addition, the effect of SMG (40 mM) was greatest against MSSA (99.3%), MRSA (96.0%), and PA (97.4%) following a 2-hour exposure with lesser effects following 30- and 10-minute exposures. In group 2 experiments, concentration-dependent bactericidal effects were confirmed for MRSA (91%), PA (99%), and VRE (55%) for 200-mM SMG with 30-minute treatment. SMG was not as effective against CA, with a maximum kill rate of 37% at 80 mM SMG. Conclusions SMG solution exhibits a dose-dependent bactericidal effect on MSSA, MRSA, and PA, with milder effects on VRE and CA. These studies raise the possibility of using SMG TXL for the treatment of infectious keratitis.
Development of sensor based detection of crop nitrogen status for utilization in variable rate nitrogen fertilization

Early season detection of corn (Zea mays L.) and cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) N status as an in-field indicator of spatial N availability and fertilizer N demand has been difficult with proximal sensors. The objective of this research was to evaluate selected vegetation indices (VI) for their ability to detect early season crop N status in cotton and corn. A tractor mounted sensor was used to acquire canopy reflectance at an oblique angle and selected VIs were related to cotton leaf N during early flower bud formation, and corn leaf and whole plant tissue N concentrations and whole plant N content at 6 fully collared leaves. Indices utilizing a red edge component were the most consistent and resulted in stronger relationships to plant tissue N concentration for early season sampling.
Tear Fluid Influence on the Ocular Surface

A healthy ocular surface is essential for maintaining a comfortable eye and clear vision. Despite many advances in the field of dry eye and ocular surface disease, the role of the tear fluid in maintaining a healthy ocular surface has not been defined. It is unknown whether tear fluid constituents influence the growth and differentiation of the ocular surface epithelium, and if they do, whether this is a primary or redundant function. Furthermore, it is not clear whether the concentration or activity of biologically active tear factors changes in dry eye conditions.
Subdomain Theory of Stateless Component Composition

ALTHOUGH there are a myriad of ways in which software components can be combined into systems, sequence is the most interesting and fundamental. One component’s output is fed to another component as input, and the pair constitutes a series system. Intuitively, composition is easily understood in functional terms, because composition is a fundamental operation for functions. But tests do not naturally compose. If there is to be any testing-based theory of component composition, a solution must be found for composing test results.
Behavioral Intervention Plans: Pedagogical and Legal Analysis of Issues

Both law and pedagogy require that educators address behavior interfering with educational progress for students with disabilities. The reauthorized Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvem...
Structure and Deformation of Aluminum Foams Through Computed Tomography

Highly porous metallic foams by themselves or as the cores of ultralight metal structures have significant practical interest because of unique combinations of properties
Emotional causes and consequences of social-affective vocalization

Abstract Instinctual (inborn, genetically-controlled) emotional vocalizations can be used to index internal affective states. Vocal learning adds layers of cognitive complexity to this intrinsic vocal repertoire of animals. This chapter focuses on: (1) the separation calls (cries) of young animals as indicators of emotional distress that have ancestral relationships to human grief and sadness, emotional responses which appear to be related to the genesis of depression; and (2) the positive affective vocalizations made by juvenile rats during vigorous playful interactions, which reflect positive social-joy processes of the brain, that may counteract sadness and depression. Such emotional vocalizations provide new gateways for understanding human psychiatric disorders. Further, the way in which basic emotional sounds may be related to language acquisition and human cultural inventions such as music are considered.
Enteral Nutrition via Nasogastric Tube for Refeeding Patients With Anorexia Nervosa: A Systematic Review.

Weight restoration is an important first step in treating patients with anorexia nervosa (AN), because it is essential for medical stabilization and reversal of long-term complications. Tube feeding may help facilitate weight restoration, but its role in treatment remains unclear. This study aimed to review the literature describing the efficacy, safety, tolerance, and long-term effects of nasogastric (NG) refeeding for patients with AN. Four electronic databases were systematically searched through May 2018. Boolean search terms included "anorexia nervosa," "refeeding," and "nasogastric tube feeding." Ten studies were eligible for inclusion: 8 retrospective chart reviews, 1 prospective cohort, and 1 randomized controlled trial. Nine of the studies were performed in-hospital. In 8 studies, NG nutrition resulted in an average rate of weight gain exceeding 1 kg/wk. In 4 of 5 studies including an oral-only control group, mean weekly weight gain and caloric intake were significantly higher in tube-fed patients. Six studies provided prophylactic phosphate supplementation, all with <1% occurrence rate of refeeding hypophosphatemia. Seven studies reported on other physiological disturbances, 6 evaluated medical and gastrointestinal side effects, 3 considered psychological outcomes, and 4 assessed patients postdischarge. Results indicated that NG feeding was not associated with an increased risk for adverse outcomes. Overall, in these studies, NG nutrition was considered safe and well tolerated, and effectively increased caloric intake and rate of weight gain in patients with AN. However, results are limited by weaknesses in study designs, and more rigorous methods are needed for development of evidence-based, standardized refeeding protocols.
The Capture Gap: Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Quality of Life.

We aimed to compare salient characteristics and antecedents of quality of life (QOL) in adolescents and young adults with implantable cardioverter–defibrillators (ICDs) from qualitative methods wit...
Response of 60Sn-40Pb under thermal and mechanical cycling

An understanding of the internal mechanisms responsible for the enhanced deformation and degradation under combined thermal and mechanical fatigue in solder alloys is sought. Inelastic deformation can accumulate simply during unconstrained thermal cycling, -55°C to 125°C, in solder alloys due to the heterogeneous microstructure, the variation in properties, primarily the coefficient of thermal expansion, among the different phase and crystallographic grains, the low flow strength, and microstructural instability. To separate the effects driven by thermal cycling versus those driven by mechanical cycling, the local deformation and microstructural changes are tracked using independent interrupted thermal cycling and isothermal fatigue experiments. The deformation is measured by tracking surface roughness using a confocal scanning laser microscope. The accumulated deformation in 60Sn-40Pb under a -55°C to 125°C thermal cycle is significant. The accumulated deformation observed in two Sn-Ag base solder alloys as well as polycrystalline Sn under the same thermal cycle is notably smaller.
Linear Models for Spacecraft Relative Motion Perturbed by Solar Radiation Pressure

Many scientific applications require the implementation of spacecraft formation-flying around Earth and other celestial bodies. The control of these formations calls for simple relative dynamics mo...
Utilization of Ocular Ultrasound in the Evaluation of Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome: A Case Report.

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is an infrequently encountered cause of altered mental status and seizure activity in the emergency setting. Diagnosis is often delayed by extensive testing and failure to consider PRES in the differential. Though MRI remains the gold standard for diagnosis, ultrasound-guided measurement of intra-ocular pressure is a safe, effective alternative that can expedite the diagnosis. The treatment of PRES involves the rapid reversal of offending agents and aggressive blood pressure management. The prognosis of PRES is favorable and neurologic sequelae are uncommon. This clinical case highlights the importance of the emergency physicians' consideration of this pathology and the utilization of ultrasound as a non-invasive means of assessing intra-ocular pressure.
Over-EXTENDing the Window for Thrombolytic Therapy in Cerebrovascular Accident: September 2019 Annals of Emergency Medicine Journal Club.

Editor’s Note: You are reading the 74th installment of Annals of Emergency Medicine Journal Club. As the Journal Club enters its second decade of publication, the format has been revised and will focus on a monthly succinct review of high-impact articles from this journal and other premier medical journals relevant to emergency medicine. The reviews are followed by questions demonstrating principles by which readers—be they clinicians, academics, residents, or medical students—may critically appraise the literature. We are interested in receiving feedback about this feature. Please e-mail journalclub@acep.org with your comments.