cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Na-Iindependent Transport of Sugar in Renal Tubular Cells

It has been shown previously (1, 2, 3, 4) that in cells of renal cortex the active accumulation of 2-deoxyhexoses proceeds by a transport mechanism which is independent of Na+, and consequently, is also insensitive to ouabain. At first, it was thought that the Na-dependent active transport of many hexoses shared with the Na-independent transport system a common pathway (1, 4, 5). This view was based primarily on a set of observations showing mutual competition for sites between sugars requiring Na+ for their transport and 2-deoxyhexoses (1, 2, 4); such competition was also observed (5) in the absence of Na+, i. e. the active accumulation of 2-deoxygalactose was inhibited, e. g. by D-galactose, and there was reasonable agreement (2) between the Km for galactose accumulation and the KI for the galactose inhibition of 2-deoxygalactose transport, as would be expected for a shared carrier.
Effects of Colicin la on Membrane Functions of Escherichia coli

The colicins are proteins produced by several members of the bacterial family Enterobacteriaceae that are antibiotically active against Escherichia coli. The sensitivity of Escherichia coli to colicins requires the presence of a specific colicin receptor on the cell surface. Different colicins adsorb to different receptors, as evidenced by the fact that bacterial mutants can be isolated that have lost the ability to adsorb certain colicins but not others. Among the colicins, three general modes of action have been described (for a recent review of colicin action, see LURIA, 1973): Specific inhibition of protein biosynthesis by colicins E3 (NOMURA, 1963) and D (TIMMIS, 1972). Specific inhibition of protein biosynthesis by colicin E2 (NOMURA, 1963). General effect on energy metabolism by colicins El and K (FIELDS, LURIA, 1969a, 1969b), Ia and Ib (LEVISOHN, KONISKY, NOMURA, 1968), A (JETTEN, VOGELS, 1973), and JF546 (FOULDS, 1971).
Spending too little in hard times

People's decisions to consume and save resources are critical to their wellbeing. Previous experiments find that people typically spend too much because of how they discount the future. We propose that people's motive to preserve their savings can instead cause them to spend too little in hard times. We design an economic game in which participants can store resources for the future to survive in a harsh environment. A player's income is uncertain and consumption yields diminishing returns within each day, creating tradeoffs between spending and saving. We compare participants' decisions to a heuristic that performed best in simulations. We find that participants spent too much after windfalls in income, consistent with previous research, but they also spent too little after downturns, supporting the resource preservation hypothesis. In Experiment 2, we find that by varying the income stream, the downturn effect can be isolated from the windfall effect. In Experiments 3-4, we find the same downturn effect in games with financial and political themes.
Working Safely With Hazardous Capacitors: Establishing Practical Thresholds for Risks Associated With Stored Capacitor Energy

This article describes methods to identify hazards and assess the risks associated with capacitor stored energy. Building on previous research, we establish practical thresholds for various hazards that are associated with stored capacitor energy, including shock, arc flash, short circuit heating, and acoustic energy release. It also discusses the combination of engineered safeguards and safe work practices that qualified personnel can use for various configurations, such as hard versus soft grounding and discharge wait times.
Building a Pediatric Oncofertility Practice

The rate of cure for childhood cancer is now over 80% due to tremendous therapeutic advances over the past 50 years. Many survivors experience late effects related to their prior cancer and/or therapy. Gonadotoxicity and infertility are among these potential late effects. Even the youngest patients now have options to preserve fertility prior to starting cancer therapy. A pediatric/adolescent/young adult fertility team can address fertility concerns and potential preservation options via a multidisciplinary approach. This chapter outlines the various members of a comprehensive team, as well as the necessary steps in the consultation process. Insights from the experience of the team at Cincinnati Children’s Hospital are also provided.
Demonized Emotions and Tortured Bodies in the Age of Scientific Progress

During the Renaissance and Enlightenment eras, efforts to exterminate witches were grounded in existing Western sciences and promoted as an product of scientific, as well as religious, understanding. This chapter discusses the central role played by the demonization of negative emotional states in the witch-hunts, documenting misogynistic scientific and religious views, which emphasized women’s inferiority due to their more emotional or non-rational nature. The chapter stresses the extensive influence of the witch-hunts not only on Western cultures and societies but specifically on its sciences and the academy.
Prognostic role of pathologic response and cytoreductive status at interval debulking surgery after neoadjuvant chemotherapy for advanced epithelial ovarian cancer

BACKGROUND We sought to determine if complete pathologic response (cPR) and cytoreductive status at interval debulking surgery (IDS) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) are associated with improved clinical outcomes in ovarian cancer. METHODS We evaluated 91 patients with advanced ovarian cancer who underwent NACT and IDS. Pathologic response, cytoreductive status, and outcomes were determined. Descriptive statistics, bivariate analysis, and Kaplan-Meier survival probabilities were calculated. RESULTS cPR occurred in 9 (10%), microscopic pathologic response (microPR) in 18 (20%), and macroscopic pathologic response (macroPR) in 64 (70%) patients. Median progression-free survival (PFS) for patients with cPR was significantly improved compared with patients with any pathologic residual disease (microPR/macroPR; undefined vs 10.9 months, P = .01); whereas, microPR was not associated with significantly improved PFS compared with macroPR (16.3 months vs 10 months, P = .08). Cytoreduction to no gross residual disease was associated with improved PFS (undefined vs 7.5 months vs 5.5 months, P < .01) and overall survival (undefined vs 38.7 months vs 12 months, P < .01) compared with visible residual disease less than or equal to 1 cm or suboptimal. CONCLUSIONS cPR is uncommon (10%) after NACT for advanced ovarian cancer. Better pathologic response and cytoreductive status are associated with improved PFS, emphasizing the importance of both chemotherapy response and surgical effort.
Single-Family Room, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Design

There has been an increasing trend in adopting the Single-family room (SFR) neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) model in multiple institutions.
The Lumbosacral Takeoff Angle Can Be Used to Predict the Postoperative Lumbar Cobb Angle Following Selective Thoracic Fusion in Patients with Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis.

BACKGROUND Selective fusion of double curves in patients with scoliosis is considered to spare fusion levels. In 2011, we studied the lumbosacral takeoff angle, defined as the angle between the center-sacral vertical line and a line through the centra of S1, L5, and L4. The lumbosacral takeoff angle was shown to moderately correlate with the lumbar Cobb angle, and a predictive equation was developed to predict the lumbar Cobb angle after selective fusions. The purposes of the present study were to validate that equation in a separate cohort and to assess differences in outcomes following selective and nonselective fusion. METHODS Patients with Lenke 1B, 1C, 3B, or 3C curve patterns undergoing fusion (both selective and nonselective) with pedicle screw constructs and a minimum of 2 years of follow-up were included. Selective fusion was defined as a lowest level of fixation cephalad to or at the apex of the lumbar curve. To validate the previously derived equation, we used this data set and analysis of variance to check for differences between the actual and calculated postoperative lumbar Cobb angles. Pearson correlation, multiple linear regression, and t tests were used to explore relationships and differences between the selective and nonselective fusion groups. RESULTS The mean calculated postoperative lumbar Cobb angle (and standard deviation) (22.35° ± 3.82°) was not significantly different from the actual postoperative lumbar Cobb angle (21.08° ± 7.75°), with an average model error of -1.268° (95% confidence interval, -2.649° to 0.112°). The preoperative lumbar Cobb angle was larger in patients with deformities that were chosen for nonselective fusion (50.2° versus 38.9°; p < 0.001). Performing selective fusion resulted in a 3.5° correction of the lumbosacral takeoff angle (p < 0.001), whereas nonselective fusion resulted in a 9.3° correction (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The lumbosacral takeoff angle can be used to predict the residual lumbar Cobb angle and may be used by surgeons to aid in the decision between selective and nonselective fusion. The change in the lumbosacral takeoff angle following selective fusion is small. Improvement in the lumbosacral takeoff angle and coronal balance is greater in association with nonselective fusion. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Factors regulating autotrophy and heterotrophy in the main channel and an embayment of a large river impoundment

We characterized seasonal patterns of phytoplankton and bacterial biomass, production and nutrient limitation along a lateral transect within a large river impoundment. We hypothesized that the balance between autotrophy and heterotrophy was related to depth gradients and differences in water residence time (WRT) between the main channel and an embayment. Heterotrophy predominated in the main channel with bacterial production exceeding phytoplankton production by a factor of 3.3. In the embayment, autotrophy and heterotrophy were more closely balanced (ratios of bacterial to phytoplankton production ca. 0.8). Phytoplankton and bacterial biomass were positively correlated with WRT. However, WRT accounted for less than 50% of variation and its predictive power was comparable to models based on nutrient or DOC concentrations. Bacterial production was correlated with phytoplankton biomass and production suggesting that algal-derived C may be an important substrate for bacterial growth even in systems dominated by allochthonous inputs. Our experimental data suggest that nutrient limitation may be important particularly in embayments where biomass was somewhat higher and substrate concentrations were lower. Nutrient limitation in the main channel was rare whereas N and P amendments consistently stimulated phytoplankton growth rates in the embayment. Bacterial cell densities did not respond to nitrogen or phosphorus additions in either the main channel or embayment.
Automated Text Classification of News Articles: A Practical Guide

Automated text analysis methods have made possible the classification of large corpora of text by measures such as topic and tone. Here, we provide a guide to help researchers navigate the consequential decisions they need to make before any measure can be produced from the text. We consider, both theoretically and empirically, the effects of such choices using as a running example efforts to measure the tone of New York Times coverage of the economy. We show that two reasonable approaches to corpus selection yield radically different corpora and we advocate for the use of keyword searches rather than predefined subject categories provided by news archives. We demonstrate the benefits of coding using article segments instead of sentences as units of analysis. We show that, given a fixed number of codings, it is better to increase the number of unique documents coded rather than the number of coders for each document. Finally, we find that supervised machine learning algorithms outperform dictionaries on a number of criteria. Overall, we intend this guide to serve as a reminder to analysts that thoughtfulness and human validation are key to text-as-data methods, particularly in an age when it is all too easy to computationally classify texts without attending to the methodological choices therein.
Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Pools in Response to Tall Fescue Endophyte Infection, Fertilization, and Cultivar

Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) is an important cool-season perennial forage used for grazing animals in the humid regions of the USA and throughout the world. The fungal endophyte Neotyphodium coenophialum Glenn, Bacon, & Hanlin naturally inhabits the majority of tall fescue stands producing a variety of alkaloids in leaf tissue that can cause animal health disorders on ingestion. We hypothesized that endophyte infection would modify the stock and activity of various soil C and N pools (total, particulate, microbial biomass, and mineralizable), but that fertilization (13.4-1.5-5.6 vs. 33.6-3.7-13.9 g N-P-K m -2 yr -1 ) and cultivar ('Kentucky-31', K-31; 'AU-Triumph'; and 'Johnstone') might alter these responses. Soil organic C and total N at a depth of 0 to 20 cm under K-31 with high fertilization were greater with high (4197 g C m -2 and 266 g N m -2 ) than with low (3872 g C m -2 and 242 g N m -2 ) endophyte infection at the end of 20 yr. Under low fertilization, soil organic C and total N were not different between low and high endophyte infection. Differences in C and N pools among cultivars with low fertilization were as large as among K-31 fertilization-endophyte comparisons, but appeared to be related to factors other than endophyte infection frequency. Carbon and N contents of small macroaggregates (0.25-1.0 mm) were the only soil properties that were related (r = 0.70, P = 0.001) to endophyte infection frequency (range of 1-79%) across all treatments. Soil C and N pools can be modified by endophyte infection, but these results narrowed this phenomenon to (i) conditions of higher fertility and (ii) predominantly in small macroaggregates.
Variability of human femoral geometry and its implications on nail design.

Abstract Objectives The objectives of this study are to present a new method of quantifying variability in human femoral geometry and to use this data to optimize intramedullary nail geometry for a better fit within the femoral canal. Methods Computed tomography (CT) scans of forty intact adult human femora were divided according to race, sex, and age, and were reconstructed digitally into three-dimensional solid models. Geometric features were then measured and compared among groups using ANOVA. An average geometric model was generated, from which an optimal intramedullary (IM) nail curvature function was derived. Insertion of the derived optimal nail and of two currently-available commercial nails into the femur having the highest degree of curvature was then simulated via finite element methods. Results Substantial variability in femoral curvature was observed among the population sample. Sex was found to correlate most strongly with femoral size; males tend to have larger femora than females. Although the average femoral radius of curvature for African Americans was slightly higher than for Caucasians, the difference was not statistically significant. Curvature did not vary across the sample by age, sex or race. Finite element analysis results simulating IM nail insertion using the geometrically-optimized nail showed a substantial decrease in von Mises stress when compared to tested commercially-available IM nails. Fracture was predicted within the posterior canal wall for commercially available nails, as the generated stresses exceeded the allowable stress of cortical bone, but not for the geometrically-optimized nail. Conclusions Considering variation in femoral geometry among patients when designing implantable fixation devices may be important. Femoral size differs between adults by sex, with males being larger than females. Pattern of curvature, however, did not differ, although there may be slight differences between European and African Americans. As such, the proposed average femoral curvature function calculated here may be sufficient for the entire population. According to finite element analysis, insertion-induced stresses in the femur were within the allowable range for the geometrically-optimized nail and appear more desirable than in other common nail designs.
ARTICLE: Grand Juries and Cases of Police Use of Deadly Force: Are Prosecutors Opening a Closed Door?

In recent years, considerable national attention has been focused upon cases in which police officers used deadly force that resulted in the death of private citizens. The officers often contended that the use of deadly force was justified under the circumstances. Prosecutors then presented these cases to grand juries to determine whether criminal prosecutions were warranted. Some prosecutors have elected to provide full grand jury reviews that include the presentation of exculpatory evidence or at least evidence favorable to the police. Although prosecutors have no constitutional obligation to provide such reviews, those who elect to provide full grand jury reviews to police potentially open the door to the imposition of legal and ethical obligations to provide such reviews to private citizens who have used deadly force that resulted in the death of another person and who, like the police officers, contend that the use of deadly force was justified under the circumstances.
Efficient Estimation of Pricing Kernels and Market-Implied Densities

This paper studies the nonparametric identification and estimation of projected pricing kernels implicit in European option prices and underlying asset returns using conditional moment restrictions. The proposed series estimator avoids computing ratios of estimated risk-neutral and physical densities. Instead, we consider efficient estimation based on the conditional Euclidean empirical likelihood or continuously-updated GMM criterion, which takes into account the informativeness of option prices of varying strike prices beyond observed conditioning variables. In a second step, we convert the implied probabilities into predictive densities by matching the informative part of cross-sections of option prices. Empirically, pricing kernels tend to be U-shaped in the S&P 500 index return given high levels of the VIX, and call and ATM options are more informative about their payoff than put and OTM options.
Whole Specimen Analysis of Lead Chalcogenide Nanostructure Morphologies: Implications for Alternative Energy Generation

Characterization of semiconductor nanoparticle (NP) morphologies is demonstrated using the Warren–Averbach (WA) method of powder X-ray diffraction. WA analysis provides crystallographic direction-d...
Pedestrian Struck by Motor Vehicle

A 30-year-old male is struck by a car while crossing the street. He is brought in by paramedics hemodynamically stable with a blood pressure of 130/70 mmHg, heart rate of 80/min, and a right knee deformity. His airway is intact and breath sounds are equal bilaterally. Abdominal and pelvic exams are unremarkable. There is swelling and an obvious deformity of his right knee. His right foot is pale and cool, with a 6 s capillary refill, whereas the left foot is pink and warm with <2 s capillary refill. Pulse examination reveals normal 2+ pulses in his left femoral, popliteal, dorsalis pedis, and posterior tibial arteries. On the right, there is a 2+ femoral pulse. The popliteal pulse cannot be examined due to pain. The right dorsalis pedis and posterior tibial artery pulses are non-palpable. Sensory and motor function is intact bilaterally. Because of severe knee pain, the right knee cannot be examined. There is no tenderness or deformity in the right thigh or in the tibia or ankle. The right lower extremity ankle-brachial index (ABI) is 0.65, whereas the left is 1.0. Plain films of the right knee are shown below.
FERMILAB'S SATELLITE REFRIGERATOR EXPANSION ENGINES

Each of Fermilab’s 24 satellite refrigerators includes two reciprocating expanders, a “wet” engine and a “dry” engine. The wet engines and all but eleven of the dry engines were manufactured by Koch Process Systems (Westboro, Massachusetts). These are basically Koch Model 1400 expanders installed in cryostats designed by Fermilab. The other eleven dry engines are an in-house design referred to as “Gardner-Fermi” engines since they evolved from the GX3–2500 engines purchased from Gardner Cryogenics. Table I summarizes the features of our three types of expanders.
Synergistic interactions of the Hsp90 inhibitor 17AAG and the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines involve disruption of Akt and c-raf signalling

4200 Background: 17-allylamino-demethoxygeldanamycin (17AAG) inhibits the chape-roning action of heat-shock protein 90 (Hsp90) and promotes the proteasomal degradation of multiple oncogenic signalling molecules such as EGFR and Akt. 17AAG has shown promising growth inhibition in a variety of cancer cell lines and xenografts and is currently in clinical development. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells rely on multiple genetic abnormalities for their survival. Thus, on the basis of combinatorial attack of multiple targets by Hsp90 inhibitors the effects of 17AAG on human NSCLC cell lines were investigated. Methods and Results: Exposure of H1792, H292, H596, H1299, A549, H460 and H157 cells to 17AAG resulted in dose and time dependent inhibition of proliferation exhibiting IC50 (inhibitory concentration) values for cell viability at 72 h that ranged from 1.07 ± 0.28 to 7.87 ± 1.27 uM (Mean ± SE) as measured by MTT assays. In A549 and H157 cells flowcytometry revealed 17AAG-induced G1 cell cycle arrest and subsequent apoptosis and immunoblot analysis showed a decline in c-raf and Akt expression levels. Since Akt is a central effector of NSCLC cell proliferation and survival we reasoned that dual targeting of Akt signalling by exposure of A549 and H157 cells to 17AAG plus LY294002, a PI3K inhibitor, would enhance the 17AAG-induced effects. Indeed, isobologram analysis and calculation of the combination indices (CI) at the IC50 level demonstrated highly synergistic interactions. The combination enhanced 17AAG-induced cell cycle and proapoptotic effects as evidenced by both flowcytometry and immunoblot analysis of relevant proteins and led to a further decline in Akt and c-raf signalling. Inducible expression of a constitutively active gag-Akt construct introduced in H1299 cells attenuated but did not completely abolish the observed synergism. Moreover, dowregulation of c-raf signalling by combined treatment with 17AAG plus U0126, a MEK inhibitor produced synergistic antiproliferative effects in A549 and H157 cell lines. Enhancement of 17AAG-induced cell cycle effects was shown in both cell lines, whereas potentiation of proapoptotic effects was only evident in A549 cells that exhibited a decline in Akt activation along with the downregulation in c-raf signalling. Conclusions: Taken together the above findings demonstrate that the efficacy of 17AAG against lung cancer cell lines can be potentiated by the combination with either a PI3K or a MEK inhibitor and that the synergism between 17AAG and LY294002 is mediated through concurrent interference with at least Akt and c-raf signalling. The information obtained from the present study could have direct applications in the management of NSCLC (supported by NCI P50 CA97007).
Flow of qi: system of real-time multimedia interactive application of calligraphy controlled by breathing

By using novel UWB (ultra-wideband) sensor, we may acquire the breathing signals of human body. After real-time analyzing, parameters such as amplitude, frequency, and slope of breathing waves will be obtained continuously. Combine these parameters with strokes of Chinese calligraphy, for example, amplitude stands for the darkness of stroke and then speed and slope both represent the rhythm of stroke, an interesting multimedia interactive application of visual art which is related to famous Chinese calligraphy is developed and a suitable algorism for real-time interaction of breathing signal is accomplished.
Dynamic neural networks with the use of divide and conquer

An algorithm called divide and conquer neural networks that creates a feedforward neural network during training based upon the training examples is described. In addition to learning the weights for connections, it learns an architecture that enables it to learn the examples. Training is done on the inputs to one cell at a time with learned weights being frozen. Error is never propagated backwards through a hidden cell. Examples of the algorithm's performance on the exclusive-OR and the Iris plant data, which contain two nonlinearly separable classes, are given. The results show that this algorithm can effectively learn a viable architecture in which training examples may be encoded and generalized for later use in classification. >
Transcriptional activation of pBR322 DNA can lead to duplex DNA unwinding catalyzed by the Escherichia coli preprimosome.

Abstract Mechanisms that could operate to initiate pBR322 DNA replication in the absence of RNase H and DNA polymerase I are described. Two different pathways leading to extensive unwinding of pBR322 DNA have been observed under DNA replication reaction conditions in vitro. In the presence of RNA polymerase and DNA gyrase, specifically initiated RNA II (the leading-strand primer precursor) can form an RNA-DNA hybrid with the template that starts just upstream of the origin of DNA replication and continues for about 3 kilobases. Subsequent digestion of the RNA in this RNA-pBR322 DNA hybrid results in the formation of a highly unwound DNA termed form I. If DNA gyrase is absent during the RNA polymerase-catalyzed elongation of RNA II, a stable RNA-pBR322 DNA hybrid can still form that is localized to the origin region of the genome. Formation of this hybrid activates the primosome assembly site present on the lagging-strand DNA template, by displacing it to a single-stranded conformation, thereby allowing preprimosome assembly. Once assembled, the DNA helicase activity of the preprimosome, in the presence of the single-stranded DNA binding protein and DNA gyrase but in the absence of any further transcription, can also result in extensive unwinding of pBR322 DNA. The product of this reaction, form I DNA, is more unwound than form I DNA. The formation of both form I and form I DNA is inhibited by the presence of excess RNA I, as well as by RNase H at concentrations sufficient to catalyze the normal processing of RNA II required for initiation of leading-strand DNA synthesis. These results suggest that RNA II-pBR322 DNA hybrid formation is essential to permit preprimosome assembly during pBR322 DNA replication under conditions where both RNase H and DNA polymerase I are absent.
Feminist Family Therapy: Ethical Considerations for the Clinician.

This article notes the traditional minimization of gender and power issues in the cultural context by systemic family therapists. Five questions that can serve as guidelines in examining ethical an...
Vascular endothelial growth factor signaling regulates the segregation of artery and vein via ERK activity during vascular development.

Abstract Segregation of two axial vessels, the dorsal aorta and caudal vein, is one of the earliest patterning events occur during development of vasculature. Despite the importance of this process and recent advances in our understanding on vascular patterning during development, molecular mechanisms that coordinate the segregation of axial vessels remain largely elusive. In this report, we find that vascular endothelial growth factor-A (Vegf-A) signaling regulates the segregation of dorsal aorta and axial vein during development. Inhibition of Vegf-A pathway components including ligand Vegf-A and its cognate receptor Kdrl, caused failure in segregation of axial vessels in zebrafish embryos. Similarly, chemical inhibition of Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (Map2k1)/Extracellular-signal-regulated kinases (Erk) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3 K), which are downstream effectors of Vegf-A signaling pathway, led to the fusion of two axial vessels. Moreover, we find that restoring Erk activity by over-expression of constitutively active MEK in embryos with a reduced level of Vegf-A signaling can rescue the defects in axial vessel segregation. Taken together, our data show that segregation of axial vessels requires the function of Vegf-A signaling, and Erk may function as the major downstream effector in this process.
Microsecond-pulse glow discharge atomic emission

A microsecond pulsed glow discharge was produced with high pulse magnitude and small duty cycle. Time resolved emission and absorption spectroscopy was applied to study the processes of atomization, excitation and ionization in the glow discharge. Experimental results show that, without overheating the sample, the emission peak intensity is several orders greater than that obtained in the conventional dc mode. This implies that a much more intense plasma is generated during pulsed “on” region.
Effects of Hydrostatic Pressure on the Torsional Shear Behavior of Graphite/Epoxy Composites

The torsional shear stress-strain behavior of a graphite/epoxy composite material and also the epoxy matrix material alone has been determined at various hydro static pressures up to 6 kbar, using a newly constructed high pressure torsion apparatus. The composite samples were machined into thin walled hollow cylinders from press molded and oven cured, laminated panels. Graphite fibers of the samples were continuous, (0°) uniaxial, and 60% by volume.The normally linear elastic shear stress-strain curve of the epoxy matrix material at at mospheric pressure shifted upwards with pressure and showed nonlinearity at 2 kbar and higher. The shear modulus (G ) and the fracture strength (τf) and strain (γ f) all increased markedly and bilinearly with a break occurring at 2 kbar. The shear stress-strain curves of the composite material showed dramatic changes from an almost linear curve with γf of 8% at atmospheric pressure to a nonlinear curve, exhibiting yielding, work-hardening, and extensive drawing with γf of 5...
STUDIES ON THE SENSITIZATION OF ANIMALS WITH SIMPLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS X. ANTIBODIES INDUCING IMMEDIATE-TYPE SKIN REACTIONS

Evidence is presented to show that guinea pigs actively sensitized to simple chemical compounds form serum antibodies capable of sensitizing the skin of normal guinea pigs. Skin sites prepared as for the Prausnitz-Kustner test develop immediate-type ("evanescent") reactions with erythema and edema, upon subsequent injection of the corresponding simple compounds or protein conjugates thereof, and give effects resembling transferred reaginic reactions as seen in human beings. The antibodies were obtainable after sensitization by acyl chlorides, acid anhydrides, and also substances of lesser reactivity, picryl chloride and 2:4 dinitrochlorobenzene, which are human allergens. Observations are reported on the specificity of the antibodies and on various details of the reaction. Like effects result when antiprotein immune sera and their corresponding antigens are employed for the test, making it highly probable that the antibodies secured after sensitization to drugs result from immunization by conjugates formed in vivo. The sera obtained after sensitization with simple chemical compounds readily confer passive anaphylaxis, and their capacity for sensitizing the skin declines gradually with progressive heating. It was observed that following a reaction of substantial degree in guinea pig skin the area involved does not fully recover for some days its capacity to react, the effect being a manifestation, it would seem, of what has been termed "non-specific antianaphylaxis."
Vacancy Clusters in α-Iron

A mathematical lattice model was used to compute the kinetic and static aspects of vacancy-cluster nucleation, growth, and dissociation in $\ensuremath{\alpha}$-iron. Persistent attention is paid to the kinetics of changes among metastable configurations as well as the formation of stable configurations. The tetravacancy was the smallest immobile vacancy cluster and the mono-, di-, and trivacancy essentially share a common migration-energy value (0.65-0.70 eV). There exists a well-defined hierarchy of different types of stable clusters, the most stable structure being compact clusters, followed in order of decreasing stability by double layers, linear chains, tetravacancies, single layers, trivacancies, and divacancies. The gain in binding energy per additional vacancy increased as the cluster size increased from two to six vacancies. Between 6 and 10 vacancies this gain approached an upper limit of about 0.8 eV/vacancy and remained at this value for larger clusters.
The Moloney murine leukemia virus enhancer and its flanking sequences collaborate to determine virulence in T-cell lymphomagenesis.

A panel of recombinant virus genomes was constructed by exchanging homologous genome fragments between the potent T-cell lymphoma inducer Moloney murine leukemia virus (MoMuLV) and its closely related but significantly less virulent relative MoMuLV-TB. Testing of these recombinant viruses in BALB/c mice established that only nucleotide changes within the Clal(-590)-Kpnl(36) fragment altered virulence. Fine analysis of this fragment showed that while mutations within the enhancer of MoMuLV-TB attenuated the latency period most, mutations within the MoMuLV-TB fragments flanking the enhancer also helped reduce the virulence of MoMuLV. The present study also suggests that the small difference in the relative number of lymphomas that developed primarily in the spleens of MoMuLV- or MoMuLV-TB-infected mice may correlate with nucleotide differences between the Clal-Kpnl fragments of the two viruses. However, the significantly greater proportion of premature deaths observed in MoMuLV-TB- relative to MoMuLV-infected mice could not be correlated with nucleotide differences in a specific genome fragment.
The Role of Morality in Emotional Reactions to and Enjoyment of Media Entertainment

This article examines the complex role that morality plays in emotional reactions to media entertainment. Morality no doubt influences and to a certain extent governs our emotional responses to media, with the stories we chose to consume, the characters we love and hate, the rationale behind those feelings, the emotions that we experience on their behalf, and the pleasure and meaning comes as a result. Specifically, as media consumers, we experience emotional reactions to characters (liking), to their plights (anticipatory emotions), and to their ultimate outcomes (enjoyment and appreciation). Each of these emotional reactions are regulated by morality: character liking by moral judgments about the behaviors and motivations of characters, anticipatory emotions by sense of expected justice restoration, and enjoyment by the moral evaluation of the actual outcome portrayed in relation to the expected outcome. These processes and relationships are discussed in light of recent work on moral intuition, moral emotions, and moral disengagement.
A study of prostaglandin F2 alpha as the luteolysin in swine: V. Comparison of prostaglandin F, progestins, estrone and estradiol in uterine flushings from pregnant and nonpregnant gilts.

Uterine flushings were collected from 38 gilts representing Days 6,8,10,12,14,15,16 and 18 of the estrous cycle and pregnancy. The same group of gilts were represented within each of the respective days of the estrous cycle and pregnancy, i.e., three to six gilts per day per status. Uterine flushings (about 40ml) were assayed for prostaglandin F (PGF), estrone (E1), estradiol (E2), progestins (P) and protein. Nonpregnant gilts had higher (P < .01) concentrations of P in uterine flushings than pregnant gilts, but pregnant gilts had higher (P < .01) E1 and E2 concentrations. Significant day by status interactions were detected for E1 (P < .05), but not for E2 concentrations in uterine flushings. Total recoverable PGF and PGF concentrations in uterine flushings were greater (P < .01) in pregnant than nonpregnant gilts and significant (P < .01) day by status interactions were detected. In nonpregnant gilts, PGF increased between Days 12 and 16, i.e., during the period of corpora lutea (CL) regression. In pregnant gilts, PGF in uterine flushings increased markedly between Days 10 and 18. Total recoverable PGF on Day 18 of the estrous cycle was only 464.5 +/- 37.6 ng as compared to 22,688.1 +/- 1772.4 ng on Day 18 of pregnancy. Total recoverable protein was also higher (P < .01) in pregnant gilts. These data indicate that PGF synthesis and secretion by the uterine endometrium and/or conceptuses is not inhibited during pregnancy and suggest that PGF is sequestered within the uterine lumen of pregnant gilts, as is the total protein component of endometrial secretions referred to as histotroph.
Mortality/fertility relationships in the Dominican Republic.

An examination of fertility among women in the Dominican Republic who lost children compared to women who did not lose children indicated that women with loss had more births and more living children than women without a loss. Prolonged breast feeding did not appear to explain differences. A number of sociodemographic differences were evident between the 2 groups. The median age at 1st marital union was at least 1 year lower for each 5-year age group of women who experienced child loss than that for women without such experience. Women who had a child loss experience had less formal education that those who had not experiences a child loss. Similar differences in the occupations of th husbands of these 2 groups can be found. 48% of husbands whose wives had mortality experience were engaged in agriculture as overseers peasants or laborers; 6% of the husbands with no mortality experience were in professional or technical occupations.
Feasibility of a mobile blood pressure telemanagement system in children with hypertension

Telemedicine interventions are being increasingly used in the care of adults with hypertension however application of these technologies in children with high BP has not been systematically studied. The goal of this project was to develop a mobile BP telemanagement system for children with hypertension and to evaluate its feasibility. The prototype system consisted of a home unit, decision support server, and care management site. The home unit was based on a wireless netbook and automated BP monitor. The home unit was designed to complete a symptom diary, assess medication side effects, obtain BP, undergo hypertension education, and communicate with the decision support server. Feasibility of the BP telemanagement system was assessed in 8 children ≤21 years of age with essential hypertension. The study participants were asked to review the system functionality and provide their feedback by completing attitudinal survey and semi-structured qualitative interview. Attitudinal survey results were as follows: 88% reported that working with the computer was not difficult; 100% reported that self-testing procedures were not complicated; 75% felt the self-testing procedure took little time and did not interfere with their usual activities; 63% felt safer while being monitored by the BP telemanagement system; 63% felt it was important to know that the self-testing results can be immediately reviewed in the medical center; 88% would like to use the home telemonitoring system in the future. Qualitative interview results showed consistently positive comments for content, interface and process components and provided suggestions for improvements. We concluded that BP telemanagement in children may be feasible means for hypertension care delivery, and that further development and evaluation of the system is warranted.
Analysis of Zinc 65 Contamination after Vacuum Thermal Process

Radioactive contamination with a gamma energy emission consistent with 65Zn was detected in a glovebox following a vacuum thermal process. The contaminated components were removed from the glovebox and subjected to examination. Selected analytical techniques were used to determine the nature of the precursor material, i.e., oxide or metallic, the relative transferability of the deposit and its nature. The deposit was determined to be borne from natural zinc and was further determined to be deposited as a metallic material from vapor.
Kinesin-2 Controls Development and Patterning of the Vertebrate Skeleton by Hedgehog- and Gli3-Dependent Mechanisms

Hedgehog signaling plays an essential role in patterning of the vertebrate skeleton. Here we demonstrate that conditional inactivation of the Kif3a subunit of the kinesin-2 intraflagellar transport motor in mesenchymal skeletal progenitor cells results in severe patterning defects in the craniofacial area, the formation of split sternum and the development of polydactyly. These deformities are reminiscent of those previously described in mice with deregulated hedgehog signaling. We show that in Kif3a-deficient mesenchymal tissues both the repressor function of Gli3 transcription factor and the activation of the Shh transcriptional targets Ptch and Gli1 are compromised. Quantitative analysis of gene expression demonstrates that the Gli1 transcript level is dramatically reduced, whereas Gli3 expression is not significantly affected by kinesin-2 depletion. However, the motor appears to be required for the efficient cleavage of the full-length Gli3 transcription factor into a repressor form.
Evaluation of location-specific predictions by a detailed simulation model of Aedes aegypti populations.

Author(s): Legros, Mathieu; Magori, Krisztian; Morrison, Amy C; Xu, Chonggang; Scott, Thomas W; Lloyd, Alun L; Gould, Fred | Abstract: BackgroundSkeeter Buster is a stochastic, spatially explicit simulation model of Aedes aegypti populations, designed to predict the outcome of vector population control methods. In this study, we apply the model to two specific locations, the cities of Iquitos, Peru, and Buenos Aires, Argentina. These two sites differ in the amount of field data that is available for location-specific customization. By comparing output from Skeeter Buster to field observations in these two cases we evaluate population dynamics predictions by Skeeter Buster with varying degrees of customization.Methodology/principal findingsSkeeter Buster was customized to the Iquitos location by simulating the layout of houses and the associated distribution of water-holding containers, based on extensive surveys of Ae. aegypti populations and larval habitats that have been conducted in Iquitos for over 10 years. The model is calibrated by adjusting the food input into various types of containers to match their observed pupal productivity in the field. We contrast the output of this customized model to the data collected from the natural population, comparing pupal numbers and spatial distribution of pupae in the population. Our results show that Skeeter Buster replicates specific population dynamics and spatial structure of Ae. aegypti in Iquitos. We then show how Skeeter Buster can be customized for Buenos Aires, where we only had Ae. aegypti abundance data that was averaged across all locations. In the Argentina case Skeeter Buster provides a satisfactory simulation of temporal population dynamics across seasons.ConclusionsThis model can provide a faithful description of Ae. aegypti populations, through a process of location-specific customization that is contingent on the amount of data available from field collections. We discuss limitations presented by some specific components of the model such as the description of food dynamics and challenges that these limitations bring to model evaluation.
Corporal veno-occlusive dysfunction in aging rats: evaluation by cavernosometry and cavernosography.

Abstract Objectives To determine whether the rat develops corporal veno-occlusive dysfunction (CVOD) during the aging process. Methods We divided male Fisher 344 rats into four groups with 5 to 8 rats in each group. Group 1 rats were 5 months old and not orchiectomized (young intact); group 2 were 5 months old and had undergone castration (control CVOD); group 3 were 24 months old and not orchiectomized (aged intact); and group 4 rats were 24 months old, nonorchiectomized rats who had undergone deep dorsal vein (DDV) ligation (aged ligated). Serum testosterone was measured, and dynamic infusion cavernosometry and cavernosography (by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scan) were performed. Results Compared with the young intact animals, the aged intact rats had a 73% reduction in testosterone, a 30% reduction in intracavernosal pressure after papaverine injection, and an 84% and a 44% increase in the maintenance and drop rate, respectively, during dynamic infusion cavernosometry. The extent of CVOD as measured by cavernosometry in the aged rats was similar to that in the young castrated rats, but was more pronounced when measured by dynamic infusion cavernosometry. Cavernosography confirmed that the aged rats had venous leakage primarily by way of the DDV. By applying DDV ligation, distal penile engorgement occurred, showing that a small venous leakage occurred primarily by way of the cavernosal veins. Conclusions These data have demonstrated that CVOD occurs in the aged rat, mainly through the DDV. This supports the concept that the aged rat is an appropriate animal model to study erectile dysfunction associated with CVOD.
Tissue-Expressed B7-H1 Critically Controls Intestinal Inflammation

Department of Immunobiology and Yale Comprehensive Cancer Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06519, USA*Correspondence: xing-xing.zang@einstein.yu.eduhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2014.01.020This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use,distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.SUMMARY
An all-electron LCGTO study of square and hexagonal plutonium monolayers

The linear combinations of Gaussian type orbitals fitting function (LCGTO-FF) method is used to study the electronic and geometrical properties of plutonium monolayers with square and hexagonal symmetry. The effects of several common approximations are examined: (1) scalar-relativity vs. full-relativity (i.e., with spin-orbit coupling included); (2) paramagnetic vs. spin-polarized; and (3) local-density approximation (LDA) vs. generalized- gradient approximation (GGA). The results indicate that spin-orbit coupling has a much stronger effect on the monolayer properties compared to the effects of spin-polarization. In general, the GGA is found to predict a larger lattice constant and a smaller cohesive energy compared to LDA predictions. We also find a significant compression of the monolayers compared to the bulk, contradicting the only other published result on a Pu monolayer. The current result supports the existence of a δ-like surface on α-Pu.
Christian Stewardship in Light of a Theology of the Cross1

: The article translates a keynote address delivered in Spanish at the November 2007 “Life and Mission” special assembly of the United Lutheran Evangelical Church in Argentina, held in Buenos Aires. Departing from Jesus' “giving it all away on the cross,” it lays a cruciform foundation for a Christian theology of abundant generosity, and offers practical implications for stewardship leaders.