cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Electrophysiological responses to argument structure violations in healthy adults and individuals with agrammatic aphasia

Sentence comprehension requires processing of argument structure information associated with verbs, i.e. the number and type of arguments that they select. Many individuals with agrammatic aphasia show impaired production of verbs with greater argument structure density. The extent to which these participants also show argument structure deficits during comprehension, however, is unclear. Some studies find normal access to verb arguments, whereas others report impaired ability. The present study investigated verb argument structure processing in agrammatic aphasia by examining event-related potentials associated with argument structure violations in healthy young and older adults as well as aphasic individuals. A semantic violation condition was included to investigate possible differences in sensitivity to semantic and argument structure information during sentence processing. Results for the healthy control participants showed a negativity followed by a positive shift (N400-P600) in the argument structure violation condition, as found in previous ERP studies (Friederici & Frisch, 2000; Frisch, Hahne, & Friederici, 2004). In contrast, individuals with agrammatic aphasia showed a P600, but no N400, response to argument structure mismatches. Additionally, compared to the control groups, the agrammatic participants showed an attenuated, but relatively preserved, N400 response to semantic violations. These data show that agrammatic individuals do not demonstrate normal real-time sensitivity to verb argument structure requirements during sentence processing.
Law and technology Keeping track of telecommunications surveillance

The creation of a statistical index of U.S. telecommunications surveillance activities and their results will benefit both civil liberties and law enforcement.
Congestion Pricing and Demand Management: A Discussion of the Issues

This article reviews the political, technological, and economic issues involved in the formulation of congestion pricing policy. Increased urban congestion combined with increasingly scarce resources is making policymakers consider congestion pricing as an alternative to expanding highway capacity. Past experiences with congestion pricing and other types of demand management are discussed in an attempt to identify problems policymakers may expect to encounter in the U.S.
An evaluation of a program to prevent the sexual victimization of young children.

Abstract Young children (ages 4 and 5) and school-aged children (6 to 10) from a day-care center were randomly assigned to a sexual abuse prevention training group and a wait-list control group. Children in the prevention training group were exposed to a three-hour program teaching common sexual abuse prevention concepts (e.g., the difference between OK and not-OK touches). Children in both groups were given a structured interview before and after the prevention group received training. Results of a repeated measures multivariate analysis of variance indicate that children in the prevention training group significantly increased their knowledge of prevention concept's while children in the control group did not. Older children learned more than younger children. Both younger and older children had greater difficulty learning prevention concepts of an abstract nature than concepts of a specific nature.
Application of pricing information of transmission services in an open access environment

This paper discusses issues related to open transmission access. These issues are: stages of evolution from regulation to deregulation; recovery of capital investment; collection of network expansion investment; sharing of contingency cost; and sharing of benefits. These issues are pertinent not only to economics but also to the security of power systems operation in an open transmission access environment. Resolving these issues using the information derived from transmission services pricing is presented from an evolutionary point of view. >
Nonlinear Scattering of Long Waves by a Vertical Cylinder

The dominant wave loads on large offshore platforms can be analyzed on the basis of linear potential theory. We denote the wave amplitude A, wavelength λ, and wavenumber K = 2π/λ. Typical amplitudes are a few meters, with periods in the range of 8–11 seconds corresponding to wavelengths of 100–200m. In these conditions it is reasonable to use a perturbation expansion based on the assumption K A = O(e), where e < < 1. The first-order solution is linear in e, and higher-order nonlinear effects are proportional to en where (n = 2,3,…). For platforms with vertical circular columns which intersect the free surface, the column radius a is the most important geometrical length scale. Typical values of a are on the order of 10 meters. The usual theoretical description applies to the ‘diffraction regime’ K a = O(1).
Monitoring arid lands using AVHRR-observed visible reflectance and SMMR-37 GHz polarization difference

Visible reflectance along a transect through the Sahel and Sudan zones of Africa has been derived from observations by the AVHRR on the NOAA-7 and NOAA-9 satellites and compared with concurrent observations of the 37-GHz polarization difference by the SMMR on the Nimbus-7 satellite. The study period was January 1982 to December 1986, which included an unprecedented drought during 1984 over the Sahel zone. While spatial and temporal patterns of these two data sets are found to be highly correlated, there are also quantitative differences which need to be understood.
Real and complex stability radii for nonnegative and Metzlerian systems

This paper considers the special classes of nonnegative and Metzlerian systems and provide procedures to compute real end complex stability radii. >
A comparison of echocardiographic techniques in determination of arterial elasticity in the pediatric population.

Background: Many methods are used to measure arterial elasticity in children using echocardiography. There is no data to support the equivalence of the different techniques. The goal of this study was to evaluate the reproducibility of several techniques used to measure arterial elasticity using echocardiography. Methods: Aortic distension in two different sites (arterial distension) through the cardiac cycle was measured by (four) two-dimensional (2D) and M-mode echocardiographic techniques in 20 children without significant structural heart disease. These measurements combined with noninvasive blood pressure measurements were used to calculate arterial elastic indices. Arterial elasticity was expressed in terms of distensibility and stiffness. Data were collected by two sonographers and interpreted by two reviewers. Paired Student's t-test and Pitman's test for equality of variance for correlated observations were used to detect differences between different sonographers, different reviewers, and different techniques. Results: No significant difference in the measured elasticity between sonographers or reviewers was observed. There was a somewhat increased variance in two of the four techniques evaluated. There was no significant difference in elasticity measured using different techniques to evaluate the same arterial site, although a significantly decreased elasticity was noted from measurements taken in the proximal ascending aorta as compared with the distal ascending aorta. Conclusions: Many echocardiographic techniques produce reproducible measurements of arterial elasticity. There may be intrinsic differences in arterial elasticity between different segments of the ascending aorta, which have not been previously described in children with normal cardiac anatomy. Comparisons of data from separate studies must take these differences into account.
Impact of Cataract on the Results of Frequency-Doubling Technology Perimetry

Abstract Purpose To determine the effect of cataract on the results of frequency-doubling technology (FDT) perimetry. Design Consecutive cohort study. Participants Forty-four patients with normal ophthalmic examinations, with the exception of cataract, scheduled to undergo phacoemulsification and posterior chamber lens implantation were prospectively identified and completed the study. Methods All subjects underwent FDT perimetry using the full-threshold C-20 strategy. Both eyes were tested within 1 month before cataract surgery and up to 3 months after surgery. The unoperated fellow eyes served as controls. Main outcome measures Changes in visual acuity (VA), mean deviation (MD), and pattern standard deviation (PSD) were evaluated. For each subject, the change in MD and PSD in the eye that underwent cataract surgery was adjusted for change in the control eye that is thought to occur due to a learning effect. Results Among the eyes that underwent cataract surgery, the median preoperative VA was 20/60 (range, 20/30–20/800) and the mean preoperative MD was −4.00±3.72 decibels (dB). Postoperatively, the median VA improved to 20/30 (range, 20/20–20/70) and the mean postoperative MD was −0.26±3.09 dB ( P P = 0.019). The adjusted improvement in MD among eyes that underwent cataract surgery was 2.94±3.44 dB ( P r = 0.39, P = 0.01). The improvement in VA correlated significantly with the adjusted improvement in MD ( r = 0.38, P = 0.01). Conclusions Cataract has an adverse effect on the MD but not the PSD in FDT perimetry. Among eyes with visually significant cataract, the MD correlates significantly with VA. After cataract surgery, the change in VA correlates significantly with the adjusted change in MD.
The effects of morphology and perch diameter on sprint performance of Anolis lizards

We investigated the mechanistic basis for the observed correlation between leg length and perch size among West Indian Anolis lizards by testing the hypothesis that species use those perches upon which they can move most effectively. We used four Anolis species which differed in leg length and perch use in nature. We measured maximum sprint speed on rods of several sizes. Longer-legged species ran faster on thick rods. The speed of all species declined on thinner rods, but long-legged species were affected to a greater extent in that all species ran at approximately the same speed on the smallest rod. The short-legged A. valencienni experienced much less difficulty moving on thin rods than did the other species. Variation in leg length among Anolis might thus represent an evolutionary trade-off between maximizing sprint speed and maximizing stability on thin perches.
Serum Cholesterol:: An Indicator of Malnutrition

Abstract The relationship between low serum cholesterol and albumin levels were examined to determine if serum cholesterol would be useful in screening for protein-calorie malnutrition (PCM). Audits were conducted retrospectively of 80 randomly selected hospitalized patients over 60 years of age, on various forms of oral and parenteral nutrition. The study sample consisted of acutely ill patients with delayed oral intake and patients with major stress (including GI distress, multiple organ failure, pancreatitis, and patients with dysfunctional GI tracts experiencing vomiting or diarrhea). Serum cholesterol and serum albumin levels were shown to be statistically correlated and significant (p
Overview of the subdetonative ram accelerator starting process

The ram accelerator requires a conventional gun to initially boost the projectile to supersonic entrance velocity. An experimental investigation has been undertaken to improve the understanding of transition from the conventional gun to the ram accelerator and initiation of the thermally choked propulsive mode, referred to as the starting process. Developing a robust starting process is instrumental for utilizing the ram accelerator in a variety of applications. Four possible outcomes of a start attempt have been identified. A successful start is achieved when supersonic flow is maintained throughout the diffuser, and the normal shock system is stabilized on the projectile body through propellant energy release. A sonic diffuser unstart is caused by conditions upstream of the throat resulting in subsonic flow in the diffuser. A wave fall-off occurs when insufficient energy is released from the propellant to keep the shock system on the body from receding behind the base. A wave unstart is caused by conditions downstream of the throat resulting in disgorgment of the shock system on the body into the diffuser. Experimental results are presented, along with a discussion of the factors involved that determine which of these outcomes actually occurs.
Regulation of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Dysfunction Under Diabetic Conditions by miR-504

Objective— Diabetes mellitus accelerates proatherogenic and proinflammatory phenotype of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) associated with vascular complications. Evidence shows that microRNAs (miRNAs) play key roles in VSMC functions, but their role under diabetic conditions is unclear. We profiled miRNAs in VSMC from diabetic mice and examined their role in VSMC dysfunction. Approach and Results— High throughput small RNA-sequencing identified 135 differentially expressed miRNAs in VSMC from type 2 diabetic db/db mice (db/dbVSMC) versus nondiabetic db/+ mice. Several of these miRNAs were known to regulate VSMC functions. We further focused on miR-504, because it was highly upregulated in db/dbVSMC, and its function in VSMC is unknown. miR-504 and its host gene Fgf13 were significantly increased in db/dbVSMC and in aortas from db/db mice. Bioinformatics analysis predicted that miR-504 targets including signaling adaptor Grb10 and transcription factor Egr2 could regulate growth factor signaling. We experimentally validated Grb10 and Egr2 as novel targets of miR-504. Overexpression of miR-504 in VSMC inhibited contractile genes and enhanced extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 activation, proliferation, and migration. These effects were blocked by miR-504 inhibitors. Grb10 knockdown mimicked miR-504 functions and increased inflammatory genes. Egr2 knockdown-inhibited anti-inflammatory Socs1 and increased proinflammatory genes. Furthermore, high glucose and palmitic acid upregulated miR-504 and inflammatory genes, but downregulated Grb10 . Conclusions— Diabetes mellitus misregulates several miRNAs including miR-504 that can promote VSMC dysfunction. Because changes in many of these miRNAs are sustained in diabetic VSMC even after in vitro culture, they may be involved in metabolic memory of vascular complications. Targeting such mechanisms could offer novel therapeutic strategies for diabetic complications.
AFRL/AEDC Instant Loads at High Incidence Angles

The shock forces induced on a balance were examined to prevent the future loss of equipment in the future. The force and moments imposed on an AGARD B like model were examined at Mach 2.3 and 3.0 at a Reynolds number of 1.8 x10 and 2.15x10, respectively. The angles of attack at which the forces and moments were examined were 0°, 15°, 20°, 25°, and 30°. These angles provide a clear projection of what might occur at higher angles of attack and the forces the balance would be subject. The trend clearly defines that the 25 lbs axial force gage of the balance will not be sufficient for the high angle of attack capability of the mini arc crescent.
Cell Adhesion and Proliferation on the “Living” Surface of a Polyelectrolyte Multilayer

The adhesion of living eukaryotic cells to a substrate, one of the most complex problems in surface science, requires adsorption of extracellular proteins such as fibronectin. Thin films of polyelectrolyte complex made layer-by-layer (polyelectrolyte multilayers or PEMUs) offer a high degree of control of surface charge and composition—interconnected and essential variables for protein adhesion. Fibroblasts grown on multilayers of poly(styrenesulfonate), PSS, and poly(diallyldimethylammonium), PDADMA, with increasing thickness exhibit good adhesion until the 12th layer of polyelectrolyte has been added, whereupon there is a sudden transition to nonadhesive behavior. This sharp change is due to the migration of excess positive charge to the surface—a previously unrecognized property of PEMUs. Precise radiotracer assays of adsorbed 125I-albumin show how protein adsorption is related to multilayer surface charge. With more negative surface charge density from the sulfonates of PSS, more albumin adsorbs to th...
La muerte necesita pasaporte. Asesinos a sueldo en el cine español contemporáneo

espanolEste trabajo pretende trazar un panorama de las producciones cinematograficas espanolas que desde 1990 a 2010 tuvieron como protagonistas a un asesino sueldo. Para ello, se trazara una breve genealogia de las representaciones de violencia en el cine espanol y su relacion con el desarrollo de la novela negra en Espana. Posteriormente, se analizaran con mas detalle las peliculas de asesinos a sueldo espanolas prestando especial atencion a "Beltenebros" (Pilar Miro, 1991), "Nadie hablara de nosotras cuando hayamos muerto" (Agustin Diaz Yanes, 1995) y "Solo quiero caminar" (Agustin Diaz Yanes, 2008). Mediante este analisis se mostraran las diversas tendencias mediante las que se han ido configurando el imaginario relativo a estos personajes y como se redefinieron las relaciones derivadas del incremento de inmigracion hacia Espana como consecuencia del proceso globalizador y las desigualdades agudizadas en las ultimas decadas. EnglishThis article establishes a panorama of the Spanish films produced between 1990 and 2010 that had a contract killer as their main character. The article will make a brief genealogy of the representations of violence and their relationship with the development of the literary tradition of crime fiction in Spain. Later on, the article will analyze in detail the abovementioned films on contract killers paying special attention to "Beltenebros" (Pilar Miro, 1991), "Nadie hablara de nosotras cuando hayamos muerto" (Agustin Diaz Yanes, 1995) y "Solo quiero caminar" (Agustin Diaz Yanes, 2008). In doing so, the article will provide an overview of the main trends related to the portrayal of contract killers in Spain, and how those trends were related to the current dynamics of migrations in the globalized world.
Consonant intelligibility: a procedure for evaluating speech in oral cleft subjects.

Twenty subjects with oral clefts and 10 subjects with normal speech recorded 50-item word lists from the Fairbanks Rhyme Test. A group of 20 untrained listeners responded to the recorded words by t...
Mean kinetic energy transport and event classification in a model wind turbine array versus an array of porous disks: Energy budget and octant analysis

An array of model turbines with rotors is compared experimentally to an array of model turbines with stationary porous disks. The main discrepancy in the mean velocity components between the two cases is found in the out-of-plane component while the fluctuations of the out-of-plane component are found to play a dramatically different role in the vertical flux of mean kinetic energy. The study has wide implications on the use of the actuator disk model as a parametrization for a rotor in computational work.
Tunable inductive coupling of superconducting qubits in the strongly nonlinear regime

For a variety of superconducting qubits, tunable interactions are achieved through mutual inductive coupling to a coupler circuit containing a nonlinear Josephson element. In this paper, we derive the general interaction mediated by such a circuit under the Born-Oppenheimer approximation. This interaction naturally decomposes into a classical part, with origin in the classical circuit equations, and a quantum part, associated with the coupler's zero-point energy. Our result is nonperturbative in the qubit-coupler coupling strengths and in the coupler nonlinearity. This can lead to significant departures from previous, linear theories for the interqubit coupling, including nonstoquastic and many-body interactions. Our analysis provides explicit and efficiently computable series for any term in the interaction Hamiltonian and can be applied to any superconducting qubit type. We conclude with a numerical investigation of our theory using a case study of two coupled flux qubits, and in particular study the regime of validity of the Born-Oppenheimer approximation.
Arthroscopic treatment of global pincer-type femoroacetabular impingement.

Few studies have evaluated the role of hip arthroscopy in patients with coxa profunda. The purposes of this study are to (1) report functional hip outcomes after arthroscopic treatment of patients with femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) associated with radiographic coxa profunda and (2) evaluate factors associated with poor hip function at minimum 2 years following surgery in this specific cohort. This retrospective review included patients with radiographic sign of coxa profunda who underwent hip arthroscopy to treat FAI. Preoperative and post-operative radiographs were reviewed to determine changes in lateral centre-edge angle (CEA), the presence and correction of Cam deformity, and Tonnis grade of osteoarthritis. Hip functional scores, including modified Harris Hip Score, Hip Outcome Score, and IHOT score, were obtained at a minimum of 2 years following surgery. The study cohort included 46 patients with a mean preoperative CEA of 39.9 (±2.4)° which decreased to a mean of 30.8 (±1.8)° post-operatively. At a mean follow-up of 2.5 years (±0.5), the mean mHHS and IHOT scores were 79.5 (±20.2) and of 69.7 (±28.3), respectively. Increased preoperative (p = 0.02) and post-operative (p = 0.001) Tonnis Osteoarthritis Grade was associated with a lower mHHS. Patients with coxa profunda can achieve similar functional scores to more traditional FAI cohorts after arthroscopic treatment. Baseline osteoarthritis is predictive of lower hip function after hip arthroscopy. This study demonstrates that patients with global over-coverage can benefit from hip arthroscopy and may influence surgeons to treat these patients with less invasive arthroscopic techniques which avoid the morbidity of open surgical procedures. Retrospective case series, Level IV.
Intrinsically Disordered Proteins Drive Emergence and Inheritance of Biological Traits

Prions are a paradigm-shifting mechanism of inheritance in which phenotypes are encoded by self-templating protein conformations rather than nucleic acids. Here, we examine the breadth of protein-based inheritance across the yeast proteome by assessing the ability of nearly every open reading frame (ORF; ∼5,300 ORFs) to induce heritable traits. Transient overexpression of nearly 50 proteins created traits that remained heritable long after their expression returned to normal. These traits were beneficial, had prion-like patterns of inheritance, were common in wild yeasts, and could be transmitted to naive cells with protein alone. Most inducing proteins were not known prions and did not form amyloid. Instead, they are highly enriched in nucleic acid binding proteins with large intrinsically disordered domains that have been widely conserved across evolution. Thus, our data establish a common type of protein-based inheritance through which intrinsically disordered proteins can drive the emergence of new traits and adaptive opportunities.
An above canopy radar monitoring system at the Harvard Forest

For the past three years, the University of Massachusetts and Harvard Forest have been working on an automated system for collecting remote sensing data about a regrowing region in Petersham, Massachusetts. The system consists of a two 15 m towers separated by a 50 m span and connected to one another by a pair of taut cables which support a tram that can travel between the two towers. This paper will discuss the operation of the system, the suite of instruments on-board the tram, and a radar system that is being constructed to operate on the tram. It is anticipated that this system will be able to perform measurements on a periodic basis for the purpose of monitoring the biophysical characteristics of the surrounding area.
Circuits and systems for energy efficient smart wearables

Wearable devices and the associated push to smart health management have become an important facet of the Internet of Things. Wearable technology — with its diverse use cases, signal transduction mechanisms and unique software/processing requirements — is an ideal lens through which to study the broader Internet of Things. This paper investigates the unique challenges in wearable technology by using optical heart rate monitoring as an example. Strategies encompassing process technology, devices, circuits, systems and algorithms are leveraged to achieve the trifecta of good performance, low power and small form factor.
Prognostic impact of peripheral blood counts in patients with non-metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma.

e15590 Background: Peripheral blood counts (PBC) such as anemia and elevated platelets are associated with a worse prognosis in patients (pts) with metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC...
High pressure synthesis and superconducting properties of yttrium sesquicarbide

Abstract The body-centered cubic Pu 2 C 3 -type structure of yttrium sesquicarbide, Y 2 C 3 , has been prepared in high yield by high pressure-high temperature techniques. Lattice parameter measurements indicate a homogeneity range for the compound. Magnetic susceptibility measurements show the material is superconducting over the entire homogeneity range with the superconducting transition temperature varying from a low of 6.0 °K to a high of 11.5 °K. High temperature-ambient pressure annealing of samples prepared by the high pressure-high temperature techniques destroyed the Pu 2 C 3 -type structure. No superconducting transition was observed on the annealed samples for measurements down to 2.0 °K.
Identification of young‐of‐the‐year great hammerhead shark Sphyrna mokarran in northern Florida and South Carolina

Two sharks, visually identified in the field as young-of-the-year (YOY) scalloped hammerhead Sphyrna lewini, were identified as great hammerhead Sphyrna mokarran based on nuclear-encoded single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) and sequences of mtDNA. Individuals were captured and released in Bulls Bay, SC, and Saint Joseph Bay, FL, in 2013 and 2014, respectively. These findings indicate S. mokarran may be pupping in or around these areas and highlight new regions that may be a productive focus for future research on early life history of S. mokarran.
Analyzing and Measuring Vulnerability: An Approach with Special Reference to Mountain Areas:

The article discusses different approaches to the analysis of vulnerability and argues for the adoption of a capability approach to vulnerability. Vulnerability is related to exposure to hazards an...
Molecular and histopathologic correlates of imaging and biological responses to neoadjuvant GnRH agonist plus enzalutamide for high risk prostate cancer.

34Background: AR directed therapies are standard of care for metastatic prostate cancer, and their use for high-risk localized disease may improve survival. Previous trials showed low rates of complete pathologic responses to neoadjuvant ADT. The underlying biology and molecular features of tumors that fail to respond remain unknown. Methods: Men with localized prostate cancer with high risk features received 6 months of GnRH agonist plus enzalutamide. mpMRI was performed at baseline and prior to RP. MRI-US fusion guided biopsies were performed at study enrollment. RP specimens were sectioned in the same plane as mpMRI. Imaging and anatomical landmarks on pre- and post-treatment mpMRI were used to match targeted biopsies to RPs. IHC stains including AR, GR, and SYP were performed to guide laser capture microdissection (LCM) and characterization of residual disease. DNA was extracted from LCM biopsy and RP tissues. Whole exome sequencing with somatic mutation calling and copy number analysis was performed....
Narrative Disjunctions in Beowulf

Beowulf includes numerous narrative discontinuities. These disjunctions enable the relatively short poem to possess the scope and breadth of an epic. The most obvious of these disjunctions is the a...
Electrical properties of obstructed guinea pig bladder

It is now well recognized that prolonged obstruction of the urinary bladder results in structural and urodynamic changes in bladder function. The structural changes include muscular hypertrophy and hyperplasia, increased collagen deposition and a proliferation of sensory afferent neurons. In this paper we would like to advance the thesis that the unstable contractions and poor contractility seen after bladder outlet obstruction are due, at least in part, to abnormalities in electrical properties of the muscle cells and basic changes in cell-to-cell propagation of electrical activity necessary for normal contraction.
Analysis of Pesticides in Air

The persistence of many chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides governs to a great extent the modes by which worldwide distribution may take place: major source and related distribution mechanisms are listed in Table 1. Investigation of this table shows that there exists a relatively complex source-sink distribution system by which many persistent organo-chlorine and other types of pesticides may be re-circulated in the natural environment.
Invivo biosynthesis of a-linolenic acid in plants☆

Abstract [1-14C]acetate was readily incorporated into unsaturated fatty acids by leaf slices of spinach, barley and whole cells of Chlorella pyrenoidosa and Candida bogoriensis . In these systems the [14C] label in newly synthesized oleate and linoleate was approximately equally distributed in the C1–9 and the C10–18 fragments obtained by reductive ozonolysis of these acids, whereas in a-linolenic acid over 90% of the total [14C] was localized in the C1–9 fragment. While [1-14C]oleic acid was converted by whole cells of Chlorella to [1-14C]linoleic and [1-14C]linolenic acids, [U-14C]oleic acid yielded [U-14C]linoleic acid but a-linolenic acid was labeled only in the carboxyl terminal carbon atoms. When spinach leaf slices were supplied with carboxyl labeled octanoic, decanoic, dodecanoic, tetradecanoic and octadecanoic acids, only the first three acids were converted to a-linolenic acids while the last two acids were ineffective. Thus we suggest that (a) linoleic acid is not the precursor of a-linolenic acid and (b) 12:3(3, 6, 9) is the earliest permissible trienoic acid which is then elongated to a-linolenic acid.
On almost (k−1)-degenerate (k+1)-chromatic graphs and hypergraphs

Abstract Recall that a (hyper)graph is d -degenerate if each of its nonempty subgraphs has a vertex of degree at most d . Every d -degenerate (hyper)graph is (easily) ( d + 1 ) -colorable. A (hyper)graph is almost d -degenerate if it is not d -degenerate, but each of its proper subgraphs is d -degenerate. In particular, if G is almost ( k − 1 ) -degenerate, then after deleting any edge it is k -colorable. For k ≥ 2 , we study properties of almost ( k − 1 ) -degenerate (hyper)graphs that are not k -colorable. By definition, each such (hyper)graph is ( k + 1 ) -critical.
Research on Teaching and Classroom Processes

The search for knowledge to understand and improve the quality and effectiveness of teaching is an endeavor in which educational researchers have been engaged for decades. The focus of this search, however, has changed over time. It has shifted from efforts to identify teacher characteristics that were thought to result in improved student learning, to the development of strategies for training teachers to implement specific curricula. The search has also shifted to the identification of classroom procedures and instructional processes that correlate empirically with greater rates of student academic achievement. The means by which researchers have collected data to guide the search have been diverse, as have the theoretical constructs they have employed to focus their inquiry.
Adaptive and Consistent Properties Reconstruction for Complex Fluids Computation

An efficient reconstruction procedure on adaptive Cartesian mesh for evaluating the constitutive properties of a complex fluid from general or specialized thermodynamic databases is presented. Reconstruction is accomplished on a triangular subdivision of the 2D Cartesian mesh covering thermodynamic plane of interest that ensures function continuity across cell boundaries to C 0 , C 1 or C 2 levels. The C 0 and C 1 reconstructions fit the equation of state and enthalpy relations separately, while the C 2 reconstruction fits the Helmholtz or Gibbs function enabling EOS/enthalpy consistency also. All three reconstruction levels appear effective for CFD. The time required for evaluations is approximately two orders of magnitude faster with the reconstruction procedure than with the complete thermodynamic equations. Storage requirements are modest for today’s computers, with the C 1 method requiring slightly less storage than those for the C 0 and C 2 reconstructions when the same accuracy is specified. Sample fluid dynamic calculations based upon the procedure show that the C 1 and C 2 methods are approximately a factor of two slower than the C 0 method but that the reconstruction procedure enables arbitrary fluid CFD calculations that are as efficient as those for a perfect gas or an incompressible fluid for all three accuracy levels.
Extraction of rare earth elements using magnetite@MOF composites

Magnetic core–shell microspheres were developed to extract rare earth elements (REEs) from aqueous and brine solutions with up to 99.99% removal efficiency. The shell, composed of a thermally and chemically stable functionalized metal–organic framework (MOF), is grown over a synthesized Fe3O4 magnetic core (magnetite@MOF). The composite particles can be removed from the mixture under an applied magnetic field, offering a practical, and efficient REE-removal process.
Interaction between Al and atomic layer deposited (ALD) ZrN under high-energy heavy ion irradiation

Abstract Uranium-molybdenum (U-Mo) particles dispersed in an aluminum matrix is the most promising candidate fuel to convert high-power research and test reactors in Europe from using high-enriched to using low-enriched fuel. However, chemical interaction between the U-Mo and the Al matrix leads to undesirable fuel behavior. Zirconium nitride (ZrN) is used as a diffusion barrier between the U-Mo fuel particles and the Al matrix. To understand the potential microstructural evolution of ZrN during irradiation, a high-energy heavy ion (84 MeV Xe) irradiation experiment was performed on atomic layer deposited (ALD) nanocrystalline ZrN deposited on an Al plate. A fluence of 1.86 × 1017 ions/cm2, or 90.3 dpa was reached during this experiment. Both analytic transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and synchrotron microbeam X-ray diffraction (μXRD) techniques were utilized to investigate the kinetics of radiation-induced grain growth of ZrN at various radiation doses based on the Williamson-Hall analyses. The grain growth kinetics can be described by a power law expression, D n − D 0 n = K ϕ , with n = 5.1. The Al-ZrN interaction products (Al3Zr and AlN) created by radiation-induced ballistic mixing/radiation-enhanced diffusion and their corresponding formation mechanism were determined from electron diffraction and elemental composition analysis. These experimental results were confirmed by first principle thermodynamic density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The results from this ion irradiation study were also compared to in-pile irradiation data from physical vapor deposited (PVD) ZrN samples for a comprehensive evaluation of the interaction between Al and ZrN and its influence on diffusion barrier performance.
Ultrasound evaluation of right diaphragmatic eventration and hernia.

A hernia is due to a defect in the diaphragm. An eventration is due to a thinned diaphragm with no central muscle. Distinguishing right diaphragmatic hernia from eventration on chest radiographs can be challenging if no bowel loops are herniated above the diaphragm. Experience is limited with postnatal ultrasound (US) evaluation of diaphragmatic hernia or eventration. To evaluate for specific US signs in the diagnosis of right diaphragmatic hernia and eventration. We identified all patients (January 2007–December 2017) with right diaphragm US and surgery for eventration or hernia. We reviewed medical charts, and US images/reports for clinical presentation and diaphragm abnormalities. Surgical diagnosis was considered the reference standard. Seventeen children (mean age: 5 months) had US examination before surgery for hernia (n=9) or eventration (n=8). The most common presentation was respiratory distress. In the US reports, hernia was correctly diagnosed in all patients and three patients with eventration were misdiagnosed as hernia, yielding 100% sensitivity and 62.5% specificity. In a retrospective evaluation of the US studies, a combination of folding of a free muscle edge with a narrow angle waist had 100% specificity for hernia and was seen in 7/9 children with hernia. Combination of a broad angle waist and hypoechoic strip of diaphragmatic muscle covering the waist had 100% specificity for eventration and was demonstrated in 4/8 children with eventration. Five of 17 patients (31.6%) had no specific sign that differentiated hernia from eventration. On US, folding of the free edge of the diaphragm and a narrow angle waist are specific for hernia; a broad angle waist with muscle covering the elevated area is specific for eventration. Definitive differentiation between eventration and hernia may not be possible in about a third of patients.
Limitations of Small Devices and Large Systems

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the limitations of small devices and large systems. The impact of semiconductor electronics in so many areas is a direct result of its record of providing ever-increasing information processing power per unit of cost. The number of components that can be fabricated on a single chip has increased from 1 to over 100,000. The success of integrated electronics has several origins. Among these, in addition to cost, are low power consumption, high operating speed, and high reliability. The power consumption and high operating speed are rather directly associated with miniaturization, which reduces capacitances as well as the time for electrons to travel through a device. While it may not be apparent that miniaturization is an aid to reliability, such has, indeed, turned out to be the case. The small size of the transistor, and especially of the integrated circuit transistor, has made possible new production and assembly techniques. Integrated electronics places a large number of components on a thin slab of silicon about 5 mm square, a chip, that can be handled as a single unit. Reliability results from the small number of interconnections that must be made by conventional soldering or other bonding techniques, such connections being an important source of failures.
Perspectives of Childhood Cancer Symptom-Related Distress: Results of the State of the Science Survey:

Management of symptom-related distress is an important area of pediatric oncology nursing. Participants who attended the Children's Oncology Group (COG) State of the Science Symposium on symptom distress completed an anonymous survey. The purpose was to explore participant perceptions of symptom distress experienced by children receiving cancer treatment on clinical trials, determine how symptom distress is currently assessed at COG institutions, and to identify what interventions are used to reduce symptom distress for these children. Among the 90 symposium attendees, 72% completed the survey, the majority (92%) of whom were nurses. The five most distressing symptoms in children with cancer enrolled on clinical trials identified by survey respondents were nausea/vomiting, fatigue, pain, anxiety, and sleep disturbances. Results from our survey also suggest that symptom distress may differ by disease type. For example, symptoms associated with leukemia/lymphoma included steroid side effects, procedural pain, and neuropathy. The majority of respondents (90%) also reported that symptoms go unrecognized by health care providers. The most commonly described unrecognized symptoms were behavioral (i.e., sadness, anxiety, fear, depression, and emotional needs; 45%) and fatigue (19%). Key focus areas reported by respondents included informal and inconsistent symptom assessment, the need for uniform measurement tools, and improved documentation of symptom-related distress. Management of symptom-related distress is an important aspect of pediatric oncology nursing. Further exploration of symptom distress experienced by children with specific types of cancers, and the development of standardized symptom assessment processes, will provide a foundation for developing future interventions aimed at alleviating symptom-related distress.
Approximation algorithms for scheduling C-benevolent jobs on weighted machines

AbstractThis article considers a new variation of the online interval scheduling problem, which consists of scheduling C-benevolent jobs on multiple heterogeneous machines with different positive w...
Reoccurrence of the Umpqua Chub ( Oregonichthys kalawatseti ) in the North Umpqua after almost a century

We document the 1st record in 93 y of Umpqua Chub (Oregonichthys kalawatseti) in the North Umpqua River. Although the North Umpqua River has been surveyed for Umpqua Chub over the past 3 decades without success, we captured 34 Umpqua Chub on 14 May 2019, using baited minnow traps, 5.8 km downstream from Winchester Dam on the North Umpqua River. We vouchered 1 specimen for confirmation of field identification at the Oregon State University Ichthyology Collection (OSUIC). Our unexpected capture of Umpqua Chub in the North Umpqua River supports an almost century-old record of the species presence in the river and marks a significant extension of its known range in the Umpqua River basin.
The effect of monensin supplementation on ruminal ammonia accumulation in vivo and the numbers of amino acid-fermenting bacteria.

When nonlactating Holstein cows (685 +/- 59 kg) were fed chopped timothy hay (9% CP, 7.0 kg/d) 12 times daily, the steady-state ruminal ammonia concentration was 2.6 mM, and the specific activity of ammonia production by mixed ruminal bacteria was 27.4 nmol/mg of protein-1.min-1. The addition of soybean meal (53% CP, 1 or 2 kg/d) to the basal diet caused a linear increase in ruminal ammonia (7.0 and 12.4 mM, respectively; P < .001), but there was only a small increase in the specific activity of ammonia production (30.7 and 33.8 nmol/mg of protein-1.min-1, respectively; P < .05). The addition of monensin (350 mg/d) to the diets caused more than a 30% decrease (P < .01) in ruminal ammonia at all levels of soybean supplementation, and there was a similar decrease (P < .001) in the specific activity of ammonia production. Before monensin addition, the most probable number of bacteria that could utilize peptides and amino acids, but not carbohydrates, as an energy source for growth was 5.8 to 7.0 x 10(6)/mL. When monensin was added to the diets, these bacteria decreased (P < .001) nearly 10-fold. Based on these results, it seemed that monensin inhibited highly active amino acid-fermenting ruminal bacteria, and this inhibition, in turn, decreased ruminal amino acid deamination and ammonia production. Because monensin did not increase soluble protein, peptides, or amino acids in ruminal fluid, it did not seem that the decrease in ammonia increased flow of dietary amino N to the lower gut.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Prevalence and distribution of Renibacterium salmoninarum in non-salmonid fishes from Laurentian Great Lakes and inland habitats

Abstract Renibacterium salmoninarum (RS), the causative agent of bacterial kidney disease, has been a serious threat to salmonid health in the Laurentian Great Lakes. Despite its wide spread presence in the Great Lakes basin, little is known about RS ecology and the potential role of non-salmonid species as one of the pathogen’s reservoirs. This information is of paramount importance to fishery managers in order to better understand RS distribution in the different biotic components of the Great Lakes watershed. In this study, non-salmonid species from lakes Michigan and Huron, and from 13 inland waters of the Great Lakes watershed were collected from 1999 to 2008. Out of 380 fish sampled from lakes Michigan and Huron, 42 (11.05%) tested positive for RS as determined by the nested polymerase chain reaction. Prevalence was lower in Lake Huron (5.71%) compared to Michigan (20.74%), but the difference was not statistically significant. Prevalence of RS was not found to be significantly different between species or sites; however, when species were grouped into demersal vs. pelagic categories, significant differences (P
Understanding wellbeing and caregiver commitment after adoption or guardianship from foster care

This study explored data obtained from surveys of caregivers who had previously adopted or assumed guardianship of a child from foster care in two U.S. states (N= 937). Descriptive analyses summari...
Magnetic resonance imaging of the pediatric mediastinum: updates, tips and tricks

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the pediatric mediastinum is challenging for the practicing radiologist. Many confounding factors add to the complexity of pediatric mediastinal MRI including small patient size, broad spectrum of mediastinal pathologies, motion artifacts and the need for sedation in a significant portion of children. However, with special attention to motion-reduction techniques and knowledge of pediatric-specific considerations, pediatric radiologists can help to provide accurate and timely diagnosis and also prevent multimodality imaging where MRI might be all that is needed. The purpose of this paper was present a practical review of pediatric mediastinal MRI with particular emphasis on diseases where MRI is the primary imaging modality of choice. Additionally, the author addresses those mediastinal processes for which MRI serves as a secondary problem-solving imaging tool.
Comment on "Coherence time-bandwidth product for chirped Gaussian pulses"

Abstract In Chen and Chen (2013), the complex degree of temporal coherence (CDoTC) used by the authors is nonphysical. Therefore, all results derived from that CDoTC are invalid.
Unmet Need in Relation to Mental Healthcare and Past-Month Drug Use among People with Mental Illness in the United States.

Individuals with mental illness are at risk of developing co-occurring substance use disorders (SUDs). We assessed whether unmet need for mental health treatment in the past year was a risk factor for past-month use of marijuana, cocaine, methamphetamine, and misuse of prescription opioids in this population. Data from adults diagnosed with mental illness who were not diagnosed with SUD were examined from the 2015-2018 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (N = 33,104). An estimated 20.8% (95% CI: 20.1-21.5) of adults in the US with mental illness have experienced unmet need in the past year. Those reporting marijuana use (29.7% vs. 19.5%, p < .001) and/or prescription opioid misuse (35.7% vs. 20.5%, p < .001) were more likely to report unmet need than those not reporting use. In multivariable models, unmet need remained a risk factor for marijuana use (aOR = 1.37, 95% CI: 1.24-1.54) and prescription opioid misuse (aOR = 1.65, 95% CI: 1.29-2.13). Unmet need was not a risk factor for cocaine or methamphetamine use. Cost as a barrier to treatment was a risk factor for marijuana use (aOR = 1.37, 95% CI: 1.19-1.58) and prescription opioid misuse (aOR = 1.95, 95% CI: 1.43-2.64). Policies aimed at improving mental healthcare access may be effective in reducing substance use in this population.