cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Amphetamine manipulates monoamine oxidase-A level and behavior using theranostic aptamers of transcription factors AP-1/NF-kB.

Monoamine oxidase (MAO) enzymes play a critical role in controlling the catabolism of monoamine neurotransmitters and biogenic trace amines and behavior in humans. However, the mechanisms that regulate MAO are unclear. Several transcription factor proteins are proposed to modulate the transcription of MAO gene, but evidence supporting these hypotheses is controversial. We aimed to investigate the mechanism of gene transcription regulator proteins on amphetamine-induced behavior. We applied aptamers containing a DNA binding sequence, as well as a random sequence (without target) to study the modulation of amphetamine-induced MAO levels and hyperactivity in living mice. We pretreated in adult male C57black6 mice (Taconic Farm, Germantown, NY) (n ≥ 3 litters at a time), 2 to 3 months of age (23 ± 2 gm body weight) with double-stranded (ds) DNA aptamers with sequence specific to activator protein-1 (5ECdsAP1), nuclear factor-kappa beta (5ECdsNF-kB), special protein-1 (5ECdsSP-1) or cyclicAMP responsive element binding (5ECdsCreB) protein binding regions, 5ECdsRan [a random sequence without target], single-stranded AP-1 (5ECssAP-1) (8 nmol DNA per kg) or saline (5 μl, intracerebroventricular [icv] injection) control before amphetamine administration (4 mg/kg, i.p.). We then measured and analyzed locomotor activities and the level of MAO-A and MAO-B activity. In the pathological condition of amphetamine exposure, we showed here that pretreatment with 5ECdsAP1 and 5ECdsNF-kB reversed the decrease of MAO-A activity (p < 0.05, t test), but not activity of the B isomer (MAO-B), in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and substantia nigra (SN) of C57black6 mice. The change in MAO-A level coincided with a reversed amphetamine-induced restless behavior of mice. Pretreatments with saline, 5ECdsCreB, 5ECdsSP-1, 5ECdsRan or 5ECssAP-1 had no effect. Our data lead us to conclude that elevation of AP-1 or NF-kB indirectly decreases MAO-A protein levels which, in turn, diminishes MAO-A ability in the VTA of the mesolimbic dopaminergic pathway that has been implicated in cells under stress especially in the SN and VTA. This study has implications for design for the treatment of drug exposure and perhaps Parkinson’s dementia.
Expressional loops

This paper proposes an expressional loop notation (XLoop) based on the ideas described in [16,17] which makes it practical to express loops as compositions of functions. The primary benefit of XLoop is that it brings the powerful metaphor of expressions and decomposability to bear on the domain of loops. Wherever this metaphor can be applied, it makes algorithms much easier to construct, understand, and modify.XLoop applies the expressional metaphor to loops by introducing a new data type series. A series is an ordered one dimensional sequence of data objects. Series are used to represent intermediate results during a computation. Algorithms which would typically be rendered as iterative loops are instead represented as compositions of functions operating on series. For example, the program SUM_VECT computes the sum of the elements in a vector of integers by using ENUM_VECTOR to create a series of the integers in the vector and then using SUM to compute their sum.
Effects of Food, Temperature, and Oviposition Site on Longevity and Fecundity of the Army Cutworm

Longevity of the army cutworm, Chorizagrotis auxiliaris (Grote), following mating was inversely related to temperature. Females lived longer than males at all temperatures and food increased longevity of both sexes. Oviposition occurred at 70° and 55° but not lit 32°. None of the variables tested affected total fecundity but oviposition was completed sooner at 70° than at 55° in sand as an oviposition site vs. paper toweling and by unfed than by fed moths. Starvation preceding oviposition did not effect. fecundity but speeded completion of oviposition when moths were returned to favorable conditions.
TCT-357 Prevalence and Management of Coronary Chronic Total Occlusions in a Tertiary Veterans Affairs Hospital

We sought to examine the prevalence and management of coronary chronic total occlusions (CTO) within a contemporary veteran population. We collected clinical and angiographic data on 1,699 consecutive patients that underwent coronary angiography at our institution between January 2011 and December
Electrical Stimulation and Metabolism of a Phosphoinositide Complex in the Salivary Gland.

SummaryAfter subcutaneous injection of radiophosphorus, secretion was induced by electrical stimulation of the preganglionic sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation to the submaxillary gland of the cat. Saliva was collected from the stimulated submaxillary gland and analyzed for Na+, K+ and hexosamine (mucin). Analysis for phosphorus and radioactivity on the different phosphorus-containing fractions have shown an augmentation in the specific activity of the phospho-inositide complex and phospholipid fractions from the electrically stimulated gland. No increase was apparent in the radioactivity of the total acid-soluble or 7-minute hydrolyz-able fractions. By means of TLC chroma-tography, monophosphoinositide was found to be the fraction responsible for the augmented turnover. The data obtained to date indicate that there are two types of phosphorus atoms in the phosphoinositide complex: one type being a monophosphate ester which is responsible for the relatively high metabolic activity and the other b...
Examination of the Effects of Intensive Physiotherapy in Children with Cerebral Palsy

脳性麻痺GMFCS (Gross Motor Function Classification System)レベルIII14例,IV19例,初回評価年齢は平均4歳6ヵ月に対して,平均2ヵ月間の入院集中訓練を繰り返し実施し,入院時と退院時にGMFM (Gross Motor Function Measure)を用いて評価した.GMFCSレベルIII(初回評価GMFM平均52.6)では集中訓練期間平均2.1ヵ月でGMFMは平均3.7%,退院後外来通院期間平均8.6ヵ月で平均-0.9%の変化であった.レベルIV(初回評価GMFM平均28.8)でも平均1.9ヵ月で平均2.1%,退院後外来通院期間平均11.3ヵ月で平均1.0%の変化であり,繰り返し集中訓練を実施することにより階段状に機能の向上がみられた.粗大運動に対する集中訓練効果は特に6歳頃までが著明で,十分な訓練治療を受けてきた例であれば,7歳以後は間欠的な入院集中訓練治療により粗大運動機能の低下を防止することが重要となる.
An analysis of the cause of early mortality after administration of thrombolytic therapy

Background The use of thrombolytic therapy in myocardial infarction has been associated with a considerable improvement in survival rate; however, almost 40% of the deaths during hospitalization occur during the first 24 h. Clinical and angiographic characteristics identified through careful comparison of those patients who die early with those who survive may serve as important targets for the development of new strategies for the management of myocardial infarction. Methods Medical records and autopsy reports of 810 patients enrolled into four sequential studies evaluating thrombolytic therapy and angioplasty in acute myocardial infarction were reviewed. All patients were enrolled into four similar protocols with administration of thrombolytic therapy (intravenous tissue plasminogen activator in 561 patients, urokinase in 102, and a combination of tissue plasminogen activator and urokinase in 147) and acute cardiac catheterization performed 90 min after starting therapy. Results The overall in-hospital mortality rate was 6.8% (55 out of 810), with 21 of these deaths (38%) occurring within the first day. The median (25th, 75th percentile) time to death was 3 (0, 12) days. Infarct location was more frequently anterior in patients who died within the first day. Patients who died 24 h after admission to hospital had the lowest patency rate (45%) compared with patients who died within 24 h (59%) and those who survived (71%, P = 0.003). The deaths within the first day were more likely to be a result of cardiogenic shock (48%), ventricular arrhythmias (14%), or cardiac rupture (9%), whereas late deaths were more likely to be a result of recurrent ischemia or reinfarction (32%) and non-cardiac causes (18%). Two patients had an intracranial hemorrhage within the first 24 h which caused immediate death in one and death on the third day of hospitalization in the other. Conclusion Mortality within the first 24 h of thrombolytic therapy administration can be defined by inadequate myocardial reperfusion in patients with cardiac failure, possibly associated reperfusion injury leading to cardiac rupture, and an increased risk of intracranial hemorrhage. These factors may serve as targets for the development of new treatment strategies in acute myocardial infarction that may alter prognosis.
Alternative Economies of the Forest: Honey Production and Public Land Management in Northwest Florida

ABSTRACTWithin public lands across the United States, “natural” environments are given boundaries, subject to regulation, and managed for various uses. However, the effective and judicious management of these socionatural spaces for the greater good of both long-term sustainability and the mutual benefit of disparate stakeholders remains a challenge. One such stakeholder group includes forest-dependent communities, specifically, harvesters and producers of nontimber forest products (NTFPs). Relying on a case study of honey producers in rural northwest Florida, this article demonstrates how competing notions of forest management create tensions between local resource users and resource managers. NTFP research engages in timely discussions of diverse economic practices, resource politics, and issues of contested land use and access within a post-industrial context.
The Novel and the Map: Spatiotemporal Form and Discourse in Literary Cartography

There is a moment in Don Quixote where the hero and his squire board an enchanted ship, in reality a small rowboat lacking oars, and set forth to “such longinquous ways and regions” as it may carry them.
The Critical Requirement of the NKG2D Receptor On CD8+ T Cells in Killing Myeloma Cells.

Abstract Abstract 4733 Autologous stem cell transplant for myeloma improves survival, but the immunologic mechanisms accounting for this improvement are unknown. Our data indicate that NKG2D+CD8+T cells may be one reason for this benefit. NKG2D, one of four NK cell activating receptors, has been identified on some CD8+T cells that mediate TCR-independent and non-MHC restricted tumor cell killing. We identified methods for ex vivo expansion of cyclophosphamide – mobilized blood progenitor cells (BPCs) from myeloma patients, as part of a clinical trial (Cytotherapy 2008). Mobilized BPC are cultured in serum-free media with IL-2 (50 IU/ml) and OKT3 (50ng/ml). After 7 days, the CD8+ T cells are isolated, evaluated and tested. Myeloma cells from patients' marrow aspirates are used as targets in cytotoxicity assays. Phenotypic analysis of the expanded cells and the patients' primary myeloma cells was performed using flow cytometry. Ex vivo expansion of cyclophosphamide-mobilized BPCs induces CD8+ T cells that acquire the NKG2D receptor during ex vivo expansion (P The NKG2D receptor on CD8+T cells recognizes ligands expressed on autologous myeloma cells. The NKG2D+CD8+T cells aggressively kill myeloma cells in a non–MHC restricted and TCR-independent manner. Blocking NKG2D on CD8+ T cells prevents killing of autologous myeloma cells. Since tumor cells often down regulate MHC Class I expression, the ability of NKG2D+CD8+ T cells to recognize and kill autologous myeloma cells in a non-MHC restricted manner may contribute to the beneficial effects in the treatment of myeloma. Ongoing experiments are testing these methods in mouse models and defining the molecular mechanisms involved. Disclosures: Szczepiorkowski: Cersus Corporation: Research Funding; CaridianBCT: Research Funding; BASF: Research Funding; Terumo Corporation: Research Funding; Fenwel, Inc - Scientific Advisory Board: Research Funding. Meehan: Berlex Pharmaceutical: Research Funding.
Cytology of the Central Nervous System

This chapter is designed to provide basic information on the structure and functions of neurons and glial cells. A brief review of the appearances and mechanisms of the different organelles in neurons is followed by a description of axons, dendrites, and synapses as well as classifications of neurons. Finally, the structure and functions of the different types of glial cells are discussed.
A Fractal-Multifractal Approach to Geostatistics

A new approach for the description of geophysical data in space (either along a line or over the plane) is introduced. The procedure consists of using fractal interpolating functions (either, from the line to the line or from the line to the plane) to transform arbitrary multinomial multifractal measures defined over a closed interval. Specifically, and for the most general case, let Xbe a multinomial multifractal measure on a closed interval I with parameters p 1 P 2,…,PN, and let fΘ: I → R 2be a deterministic continuous fractal interpolating function, as introduced by Barnsley (1988), which interpolates a set of data points, and which has parameters Θ. Then, we show via simulations that measures Y=fΘ (X), provide good models for a variety of geophysical phenomena. A deterministic connection between turbulence-related measures and the Gaussian distribution is shown as a limiting case when the graph of the fractal interpolating function fΘ (X) is spacefilling. It is suggested that the evolution of complex geophysical patterns may be approached via this geometric description.
Structural Basis and Cellular Consequences of Potent Inhibition of the Aurora Kinases, Wild Type Abl Kinase and a T315I Multi-Drug Resistant Mutant Form of Abl Kinase by MK-0457 (VX-680).

Abstract MK-0457 (VX-680) is a potent small molecule inhibitor of the Aurora-family of protein kinases that inhibits cell proliferation through aberrant mitosis and failed cytokinesis. Affected cells are subsequently deleted by apoptosis. Tumor regression and increased survival have been reported in multiple in-vivo models and in January 2005 MK-0457 entered Phase I clinical trials as the first in class Aurora inhibitor. Although MK-0457 demonstrates significant selectivity over the vast majority of kinases tested, it has been shown to potently inhibit Flt-3 and Abl, both of which are targets for anti-cancer therapies. Most notably MK-0457 potently inhibits a series of mutant Abl kinases including the multi-drug resistant T315I form that is commonly expressed in Gleevec refractory CML and ALL. We report here the first MK-0457 / Aurora co-complex crystal structure and show that it adopts a closed inactive conformation. By comparison with other reported kinase structures we provide a structural basis for the cross-reactivity with wild type and drug resistant mutants of the Abl kinase. We also show that MK-0457 blocks both Aurora and Abl cellular kinase activity and displays potent cytotoxic activity against a range of leukemic cell lines, including Gleevec resistant cells that are reliant on mutant Abl for growth and survival. Similar observations have recently been made in the clinic, where new data show that MK-0457 has activity in patients with BCR-ABL T315I mutant CML and Philadelphia positive ALL.
Embedding TopSys into a topological category

The purpose of this paper is to make a case for the value of many-valued mathematics, often called fuzzy mathematics. We believe there may be a difference between many-valued mathematics and fuzziness, as used by those who work with fuzzy logic and fuzzy set theory and applications thereof. We think that most, if not all, fuzzy mathematics is many-valued. However, for this paper, the difference between many-valued mathematics and fuzzy mathematics, if a difference exists, is not important. We are, in this paper, content to show that many-valued mathematics can contribute to mathematics. We do understand that for those mathematicians who feel that many-valued mathematics does not have a place in mathematics this paper will not cause them to embrace many-valued mathematics, but we would like them to consider that many-valued mathematics might be able to contribute to mathematics. In this paper, we give an example of a mathematical construction which was created and defined in part to help computer scientists understand and be able to use topological ideas and concepts in their work as computer scientists. Thus, one would think that this construction, called topological systems, would be topological (as defined later). However, it seems that topological systems are clearly not topological. Thus, an interesting question is can topological systems be made topological, or said more mathematically, can topological systems be embedded into something which is topological. We answer this question in the affirmative, and we do it by embedding topological systems into something which is many-valued. It may be the case that someone(s) can some day show that topological systems are topological though this seems unlikely. Or it may be the case that someone(s) can embed topological systems into something which is topological but not many-valued. However, our point is that by using something which is many-valued we have added to mathematics, and thus, we have shown a mathematical use of many-valued mathematics. We should also say that the mathematical results in this paper are not new. We do present some ideas, including the motivation for the “topological” embeddings from topological systems, in new, and we think, illuminating ways, but the mathematical results are not new.
Generalized Water-Filling for Source-Aware Energy-Efficient SRAMs

Conventional low-power static random access memories (SRAMs) reduce read energy by decreasing the bit-line voltage swings uniformly across the bit-line columns. This is because the read energy is proportional to the bit-line swings. On the other hand, bit-line swings are limited by the need to avoid decision errors especially in the most significant bits. We propose a principled approach to determine optimal non-uniform bit-line swings by formulating convex optimization problems. For a given constraint on mean squared error of retrieved words, we consider criteria to minimize energy (for low-power SRAMs), maximize speed (for high-speed SRAMs), and minimize energy-delay product. These optimization problems can be interpreted as classical water-filling, ground-flattening and water-filling, and sand-pouring and water-filling, respectively. By leveraging these interpretations, we also propose greedy algorithms to obtain optimized discrete swings. Numerical results show that energy-optimal swing assignment reduces energy consumption by half at a peak signal-to-noise ratio of 30 dB for an 8-bit accessed word. The energy savings increase to four times for a 16-bit accessed word.
Supportability of a High-Yield-Stress Slurry in a New Stereolithography-Based Ceramic Fabrication Process

In recent years, ceramic fabrication using stereolithography (SLA) has gained in popularity because of its high accuracy and density that can be achieved in the final part of production. One of the key challenges in ceramic SLA is that support structures are required for building overhanging features, whereas removing these support structures without damaging the components is difficult. In this research, a suspension-enclosing projection-stereolithography process is developed to overcome this challenge. This process uses a high-yield-stress ceramic slurry as the feedstock material and exploits the elastic force of the material to support overhanging features without the need for building additional support structures. Ceramic slurries with different solid loadings are studied to identify the rheological properties most suitable for supporting overhanging features. An analytical model of a double doctor-blade module is established to obtain uniform and thin recoating layers from a high-yield-stress slurry. Several test cases highlight the feasibility of using a high-yield-stress slurry to support overhanging features in SLA.
Oxygen Affinity Independent Action of Cyanate and 2,3 DPG on Sickling

Since the Hb S oxygen dissociation curve is shifted to lower partial pressures by carbamylation, it seems important to know whether the cyanate induced in vitro inhibition of sickling is completely or partially due to this increase in oxygen affinity. In order to detect a possible direct interference of carbamyl groups with the aggregation of deoxy-hemoglobin S molecules, sickling was compared in carbamylated and noncarbamylated sickle cells, and the number of sickled forms and the actual oxygen saturations of the hemoglobin were determined simultaneously. These studies have shown that the cyanate effect on sickling is partially independent of the effect of cyanate on oxygen affinity.
Poetically Poking at Language and Power: Using Black Feminist Poetry to Conduct Rigorous Feminist Critical Discourse Analysis

Entanglements of power, language, identities, and ideologies perturb Black feminist poets and Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) scholars alike. Here, we detail our use of Black feminist poetry to a...
trkB, a novel tyrosine protein kinase receptor expressed during mouse neural development.

Abstract We have isolated a novel member of the tyrosine protein kinase family of cell surface receptors. This gene, designated trkB, is highly related to the human trk proto-oncogene. At the amino acid level, their respective products share a 57% homology in their extracellular regions including 9 of the 11 cysteines present in the trk proto-oncogene. This homology increases to 88% within their respective tyrosine kinase catalytic domains. Both trk and trkB are equally distantly related to the other members of this gene family of receptors. A biologically active cDNA clone of trkB can direct the synthesis of gp145trkB, a glycoprotein of 145 kd of which only 93 kd correspond to its polypeptide backbone. In adult mice, trkB is preferentially expressed in brain tissue, although significant levels of trkB RNA have also been observed in lung, muscle and ovaries. In addition, trkB transcripts can be detected in mid and late gestation embryos. The trkB locus exhibits a complex pattern of transcription. At least seven RNA species ranging in size from approximately 9 kb to 2 kb have been identified in brain. However, only a subset of these transcripts appears to be expressed in the other tissues. In situ hybridization analysis of 14 and 18 day old mouse embryos indicates that trkB transcripts are localized in the central (CNS) and peripheral (PNS) nervous systems, including brain, spinal cord, spinal and cranial ganglia, paravertebral trunk of the sympathetic nervous system and various innervation pathways. These results suggest that trkB may code for a novel cell surface receptor involved in neurogenesis.
Glycemic and Insulinemic Response to Ingestion of a Novel Food Bar Containing Whey Protein and Isomalto-Oligosaccharides

This study examined the glucose and insulin response of ingesting whey protein bars using a plant fiber (isomalto-oligosaccharides, IMO) as the carbohydrate source. In a randomized and crossover ma...
Eversion Carotid Endarterectomy: Indications, Techniques, Pitfalls, and Complications

Eversion carotid endarterectomy (ECEA) is an alternative method of plaque extirpation by oblique transection of the internal carotid artery at its origin near the carotid bifurcation and subsequent reimplantation of the ICA into the carotid bulb. Carotid duplex ultrasonography is currently the preferred imaging modality for the diagnosis of carotid artery stenosis due to its safety, availability, and reliable results. Advantages of eversion versus standard endarterectomy include the ability to shorten a redundant ICA, better visualized end point and easier detection of intimal flaps, faster closure by simple anastomosis of the ICA to the carotid bulb, an all-autogenous reconstruction, and decreased restenosis rates in women. Although the eversion method has not shown superior results conclusively, ECEA allows for another reliable technique that should be in every vascular surgeon’s armamentarium for the surgical intervention of high-grade carotid occlusive disease.
Appreciating the art of custom surgical orthodontic care

Abstract Orthodontics has changed a lot since its humble beginnings. Today orthodontics is not considered a luxury, but more likely 1Diplomate, American Board of orthodontics. Assistant Professor of Surgery University of Illinois Craniofacial Center.a proactive attempt to create better oral health through improving facial harmony and esthetics. Occlusion and functional issues such as mastication, breathing, speech, and self esteem are now issues that patients understand and want to improve. Educational mechanisms such as the internet combined with a multidisciplinary team approach drive patients to ask for very specific treatment objectives. However, there is a huge disparity in the variety of treatment mechanisms that a patient may utilize. The choices presented to the patient are often limited not by what the patient wants, but rather to mechanics that the doctor uses daily. It is not reasonable to think that an adult will want to have mechanics similar to what a growing 12 year old uses. Older patients desire to hide their orthodontic mechanics, and thus the need for a more cosmetic solutions was born. Isn't it ironic that the most advanced and accurate custom orthodontic appliance happens to be on the lingual of the teeth?! This article will discuss and review how the Incognito appliance system may be used to prepare cases for orthognathic surgery. The benefits to this system are numerous. It's effectiveness at setting cases up for orthognathic surgery is real. Multiple multidisciplinary cases will be demonstrated with issues in transverse, sagittal, and vertical planes. Cases will be shown from treatment planning through retention. Historically, lingual orthodontics has been perceived as a challenging concept to master. The Incognito appliance system is uniquely different compared to labial mechanics as the arch wire is a ribbon arch and as such it displays torque moves much more effectively when it is planned and deployed. Properly utilized, the Incognito appliance system can be the difference when teeth need to be decompensated for surgery. It's strength is delivering an accurate, predictable tooth position while achieving esthetic excellence. Regardless of the dimension(s) to correct (transverse, vertical or antero-posterior dimension) via a combination of comprehensive orthodontics and orthognathic surgery, lingual appliances simply represent the best option when a patient demands esthetic appliances to correct their malocclusion.
Children’s Resilience and Constructions of Childhood: Cross-Cultural Considerations

Drawing on ethnographic data from multi-sited research in schools in a Majority World (Tibetan in India) and a Minority World context (Germany), this chapter explores children’s resilience cross-culturally. Both the Tibetan and the German schools were guided by Modernist values related to children’s education and childhood. The manner in which these notions played out varied cross-culturally, giving rise to unique constructions of childhood at each site. These cross-cultural differences in how children were viewed and treated by adults are likely to have accounted for a higher level of resilience found in the Tibetan children. There is evidence, however, that certain groups in the Minority World grow up with constructions of childhood similar to that of the Tibetan children, possibly developing higher levels of resilience as a consequence. Generalizing binaries, such as Majority versus Minority World, in other words, might not do justice to the social reality of children’s lives.
Influenza update 2018-2019: 100 years after the great pandemic.

Four influenza pandemics, starting with the historic 1918 pandemic, have killed thousands of people around the world. Vaccination, still the most important means of pre-venting influenza, is currently recommended yearly for all people age 6 months and older, with a goal of vaccinating 80% of all Americans and 90% of at-risk populations. Neuraminidase inhibitors are underused, and a new drug with a different mechanism of action, baloxavir marboxil, is expected to be approved soon in the United States.
Passive uplift of plant and animal populations during mountain‐building

If a community and its substrate are raised by tectonic uplift, the species present can either die out in the area, survive in situ unchanged, or survive in situ with adaptation and differentiation. The large-scale passive uplift of plant and animal populations during mountain-building is accepted in a growing number of studies, but the idea has seldom been examined critically. If passive uplift does occur, it has implications for interpreting community structure and speciation in some of the most biodiverse places on Earth, tropical mountains. It would also provide a simple explanation for many altitudinal anomalies, such as the occurrence of typical coastal elements at unusually high altitudes in certain localities. Examples include the coastal saltmarsh plant Salicornia at 4200 m altitude in the rapidly uplifted Andes, coastal frogs and ferns in African mountains, and inland mangroves in New Guinea. The first aim of this paper is to review previous work on passive uplift worldwide and the main ideas that have been discussed. A second goal is to discuss possible tests of passive uplift.
Effective School Reforms for Increasing Engagement

Abstract We describe evidence-based school reforms designed to increase student engagement across whole schools, whole grade levels, or whole departments in the secondary grades and summarize the roles that support personnel, teachers, and school leaders’ play in these initiatives. The highlighted reforms—the Diplomas Now school transformation model for middle schools and high schools, New York City’s Student Success Mentors Initiative for chronic absentees, Project SUCCESS for sixth graders, school-wide or department-wide project-based and problem-based learning, and wall-to-wall college and career academies (and coherent high-quality career and technical education course sequences) for high schools—were selected because each has clear evidence of effectiveness and represents an open-source prototype that is adaptable, implementable, and scalable in districts serving significant numbers of disengaged youth. All the reforms seek to create stronger learning environments, improve social conditions and relationships within the school, and systematically build adults’ collective efficacy and capacity to meet students’ needs.
The Mir-17-92 Cluster Contributes to MLL Leukemia through the Repression of PKNOX1, a MEIS1 Competitor

Abstract Leukemias which arise as a result of translocations between the MLL gene and one of more than 80 different partner genes have a relatively poor prognosis. As a result of chromosome translocation, the carboxy-terminal portion of MLL containing the H3K4 methyltransferase domain is replaced by partner protein domains. In most cases this causes constitutive recruitment of transcriptional elongation machinery to MLL target genes. Downstream targets of MLL are aberrantly upregulated and include developmentally important HOX genes and MEIS1, as well as multiple microRNAs. Here we examine the contribution of specific miRNAs in the miR-17-92 cluster to MLL leukemia through the use of custom antagomiR oligonucleotides. Combinatorial treatment with antagomiRs against miR-17 and miR-19a dramatically reduce colony forming ability of MLL-fusion containing cells, but not non-MLL AML controls. To determine the mechanism by which these miRNAs contribute to leukemia, we validated PKNOX1 as a target of both miR-17 and miR-19a. MEIS1 and PKNOX1 are TALE domain proteins that participate in ternary complexes with HOX and PBX proteins. Here we establish the competitive relationship between PKNOX1 and MEIS1 in PBX-containing complex formation and determine the antagonistic role of Pknox1 to leukemia in a murine MLL-AF9 model. Collectively, these data implicate the miR-17-92 cluster as part of a regulatory mechanism necessary to maintain MEIS1/HOXA9 -mediated transformation in MLL leukemia. This approach represents a paradigm where targeting multiple non-homologous miRNAs may be utilized as a novel therapeutic regimen. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Decarbonylative Olefination of Aldehydes to Alkenes

New atom-economical alternatives to Wittig chemistry are needed to construct olefins from carbonyl compounds, but none have been developed to-date. Here we report an atom-economical olefination of carbonyls via aldol-decarbonylative coupling of aldehydes using robust and recyclable supported Pd catalysts, producing only CO and H2O as waste. The reaction affords homocoupling of aliphatic aldehydes, as well as heterocoupling of aliphatic and aromatic ones. Computations provide insight into the selectivity and thermodynamics of the reaction. The tandem aldol-decarbonylation reaction opens the door to exploration of new carbonyl reactivity to construct olefins.
Managers' Voluntary Disclosure Decisions and Business Press Attention

I investigate the relation between business press attention and the incidence and properties of managers' voluntary disclosures. Specifically, I examine managers' disclosure responses to a bad news event: material lawsuits against the firm. I posit that managers' disclosure decisions are affected by press attention of this event, since press attention draws additional stakeholders' attention and increases information demand. Examining managers' voluntary Form 8-K Item 8.01 filings, I find that both anticipated and actual press coverage of the lawsuit event are positively associated with the likelihood and timeliness of these filings. Moreover, I find that press attention is associated with several textual characteristics of the filings, including length, tone, and complexity. My study extends a growing literature on the monitoring role of the press and suggests that managers' disclosures of bad news respond to anticipated and actual press scrutiny.
Ethical Thought of Archbishop Desmond Tutu: Ubuntu and Tutu’s Moral Modeling as Transformation and Renewal

This chapter explores the relevance and the cultural influence of sagacity as pertains to the function of moral modeling in African social ethics. Through the lens of South African Archbishop Desmond Tutu’s life as a moral exemplar, it highlights key formative moments that could be marked as steps toward a personal moral transformation that stands to influence collective moral formation for contemporary African people. Tracing moments in the Archbishop’s life that are morally striking to the world as determinative toward moral revolution on the continent, this chapter examines how Archbishop Tutu’s culturally endowed role as “sage” acts as a mold for the moralscape, thereby triggering and inspiring the morality of the Ubuntu-governed society.
Knee Kinematics of Healthy Adults Measured Using Biplane Radiography

A dataset of knee kinematics in healthy, uninjured adults is needed to serve as a reference for comparison when evaluating the effects of injury, surgery, rehabilitation, and age. Most currently available datasets that characterize healthy knee kinematics were developed using conventional motion analysis, known to suffer from skin motion artifact. More accurate kinematics, obtained from bone pins or biplane radiography, have been reported for datasets ranging in size from 5 to 15 knees. The aim of this study was to characterize tibiofemoral kinematics and its variability in a larger sample of healthy adults. Thirty-nine knees were imaged using biplane radiography at 100 images/s during multiple trials of treadmill walking. Multiple gait trials were captured to measure stance and swing-phase knee kinematics. Six degrees-of-freedom kinematics were determined using a validated volumetric model-based tracking process. A bootstrapping technique was used to define average and 90% prediction bands for the kinematics. The average ROM during gait was 7.0 mm, 3.2 mm, and 2.9 mm in anterior/posterior (AP), medial/lateral (ML), and proximal/distal (PD) directions, and 67.3 deg, 11.5 deg, and 3.7 deg in flexion/extension (FE), internal/external (IE), and abduction/adduction (AbAd). Continuous kinematics demonstrated large interknee variability, with 90% prediction bands spanning approximately ±4 mm, ±10 mm, and ±5 mm for ML, AP, and PD translations and ±15 deg, ±10 deg, and ±6 deg in FE, IE, and AbAd. This dataset suggests substantial variability exists in healthy knee kinematics. This study provides a normative database for evaluating knee kinematics in patients who receive conservative or surgical treatment.
Magnetic Actuation With Stationary Electromagnets Considering Power and Temperature Constraints

In systems comprising stationary electromagnets designed for magnetic manipulation and remote magnetic actuation, the standard method for achieving some desired system output (e.g., magnetic force and torque) is to form a matrix that maps the electromagnets’ electrical currents to the resulting output, and then use the pseudoinverse of that matrix to solve for the currents. However, this method does not account for the nonlinear nature of the saturation limits of the amplifiers and power supply, nor does it account for the temperature in the electromagnets, both of which limit the system's overall performance in practice. In this letter, we propose improved current-solving methods that account for these real-world system limitations. We demonstrate how the performance of systems can be improved by increasing both the achievable output magnitudes and the total operating time to achieve those outputs, and how the risk of overheating can be eliminated.
Right Ventricular Shape Distortion in Tricuspid Regurgitation

Tricuspid regurgitation (TR) is a failure in right-sided AV valve function which, if left untreated, leads to marked cardiac shape changes and heart failure. However, the specific right ventricular shape changes resulting from TR are unknown. The goal of this study is to characterize the RV shape changes of patients with severe TR. RVs were segmented from CINE MRI images. Using particle-based shape modeling (PSM), a dense set of homologous landmarks were placed with geometric consistency on the endocardial surface of each RV, via an entropy-based optimization of the information content of the shape model. Principal component analysis (PCA) identified the significant modes of shape variation across the population. These modes were used to create a patient-prediction model. 32 patients and 6 healthy controls were studied. The mean RV shape of TR patients demonstrated increased sphericity relative to controls, with the three most dominant modes of variation showing significant widening of the short axis of the heart, narrowing of the base at the RV outflow tract (RVOT), and blunting of the RV apex. By PCA, shape changes based on the first three modes of variation correctly identified patient vs. control hearts 86.5% of the time. The shape variation may further illuminate the mechanics of TR-induced RV failure and recovery, providing potential targets for therapies including novel devices and surgical interventions.
Soft Ferrofluid Actuator Based on 3D-Printed Scaffold Removal

Fabricating soft functional materials via additive manufacturing is an emerging field with a wide variety of applications due to their ability to respond to specifically engineered stimuli (e.g., m...
Counternarrative as strategy: embedding critical race theory to develop an antiracist school identity

This article examines the purposeful use of counternarrative to develop an antiracist school identity. Based on a seven-year ethnographic project at an elementary school in the southeast U.S., it i...
The mystery and promise of multivalent metal-ion batteries

Abstract Despite mounting interest and extensive research efforts in developing multivalent (MV) metal-ion battery chemistries (Zn2+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Al3+, etc.), the commercial prospects for these energy storage systems are still obfuscated by fundamental scientific questions and engineering challenges. In particular, the charge storage mechanism(s) of the positive electrode and the implications on achievable electrode and full cell-level performance remain intensely debated topics in the field. In this minireview, we highlight some of the recent progress and uncertainty in elucidating capacity contributions and accompanying mechanisms for different charge carriers (H+, MV-ion, structural ion, anion, and charged solvates/complexes). We then present cell balancing and increasing metal anode utilization as major remaining challenges and propose design strategies and future directions for realizing practical MV metal-ion batteries.
Community College Social Justice Failures

This paper briefly reviews the history of black college students and the failures and solutions of community colleges in serving these students.
Generality

A distinction is drawn among predicates, open sentences (or open formulas), and general terms, including general-term phrases. Attaching a copula, perhaps together with an article, to a general term yields a predicate. Predicates can also be obtained through lambda-abstraction on an open sentence. The issue of designation and semantic content for each type of general expression is investigated. It is argued that the designatum of a general term is a universal, e.g., a kind, whereas the designatum of a predicate is a class (or its characteristic function) and the designatum of an open sentence is a truth-value. Predicates and open sentences are therefore typically non-rigid designators. It is argued further that certain general terms, including phrases, are invariably rigid designators, whereas certain others (general definite descriptions) are typically non-rigid. Suitable semantic contents for predicates, open sentences, and general terms are proposed. Consequences for the thesis of compositionality are drawn.
ELECTRONIC PRISONS: The Operation of Ankle Monitoring in the Criminal Legal System

The use of surveillance technology to tag and track people on pretrial release, probation and parole is on the rise. The COVID-19 crisis in prisons and jails, bail reform efforts and bipartisan support for curbing mass incarceration accelerated interest in purported alternatives to incarceration. As a result, the use electronic monitoring devices, including GPS-equipped ankle monitors, went up dramatically. Thanks to the leadership of community organizers and advocates, the harmful and racialized nature of this type of carceral surveillance has been exposed. This report seeks to add to those efforts by examining the specific policies, procedures, contracts and rules that govern the use of electronic monitoring of people on probation, parole and pretrial release. Drawing on over 247 records from 101 agencies across 44 states and the District of Columbia, this report focuses on the operation of electronic monitoring. The report reveals the degree to which monitoring rules and policies restrict movement, limit privacy, undermine family and social relationships, extract wealth and result in repeated loss of freedom. Unlike traditional models of probation and parole, electronic surveillance is more intensive, restrictive and dependent on private surveillance companies that are driven by profit motive. The findings in this report demonstrate what advocates have long said: Electronic surveillance is not an alternative to incarceration, it’s an alternative form of incarceration. And like incarceration, the deprivations and restrictions of electronic monitoring further entrench race and class-based subordination.
Regulation of Middle Meningeal Artery (MMA) Diameter by ATP-sensitive potassium channels

The cellular mechanisms contributing to migraine headache are poorly understood, but may involve prolonged dilation of cranial arteries, specifically the MMA. Agonist-induced activation of ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels is known to play an important role in the modulation of arterial diameter in a number of vascular beds. The objective of the current study was to determine if a tonic vasodilator influence resulting from basal KATP channel activity is present in isolated, pressurized rat MMA. At an intravascular pressure of 40 mmHg, arteries developed pressure-induced constriction representing an approximate 40 % decrease in diameter. Treatment of arteries with either of the KATP channel inhibitors glibenclamide (10 µM) or PNU37883 (10 µM) induced a further decrease in diameter of ∼ 20 %. Also consistent with basal KATP activity, glibenclamide induced a membrane potential depolarization of ∼ 14 mV in MMA segments at an intravascular pressure of 40 mmHg. Further, in MMA loaded with the ratiometric ...
Reference and Information Content: Names and Descriptions

Language is primarily a medium of communication, particularly the communication of information. (Of course, language is more than just a device for communication.) Declarative sentences are the primary vehicles for the communication of information. Declarative sentences have various semantic attributes. They have truth value, either truth or falsehood. They have semantic intensions, i.e., correlated functions from possible worlds to truth values, and so on. But the fundamental semantic role of a declarative sentence is to encode a piece of information. This fundamental semantic role of encoding information lies behind many of the other semantic and pragmatic characteristics of declarative sentences. For example, since declarative sentences encode information, they may be used not only to communicate information to others, but also to record information for possible future use, and perhaps even to register information with no anticipation of any future use. A declarative sentence may he said to contain the piece of information it encodes, and that piece of information may be described as the information content or cognitive content of the sentence. The piece of information encoded by a sentence is what philosophers generally mean when they speak of the “proposition” expressed by the sentence.
Relating maximum entropy, resilient behavior and game-theoretic equilibrium feedback operators in multi-channel systems

In this paper, we first draw a connection between the existenc e of a stationary density function (which corresponds to an equilibrium state in the sense of statisti cal mechanics) and a set of feedback operators in a multi-channel system that strategically interacts in a game-theoretic framework. In particular, we show that there exists a set of (game-theoretic) equilibriu m feedback operators such that the composition of the multi-channel system with this set of equilibrium feedback operators, when described by density functions, will evolve towards an equilibrium state in such a way that the entropy of the whole system is maximized. As a result of this, we are led to study, by a means of a stationary density function (i.e., a common fixed-point) for a family of Frobenius-Perron opera tors, how the dynamics of the system together with the equilibrium feedback operators determine the evolution of the density functions, and how this information translates into the maximum entropy behavior of the system. Later, we use such results to examine the resilient behavior of this set of equi librium feedback operators, when there is a small random perturbation in the system.
Lymphocyte Blastogenesis to Human Leukemia Cells and Their Relationship to Serum Factors, Immunocompetence, and Prognosis

Lymphocyte blastogenic studies to autologous leukemia cells were carried out in 35 patients with adult acute leukemia. The effects of serum on this response and correlation with studies of general immunocompetence were studied. Twenty-five of 35 patients had positive blastogenesis. Nine patients with acute myelogenous leukemia had complete or partial abrogation of this response in autologous serum. Five patients had facilitation of the blastogenic response in autologous serum compared to the response in allogeneic serum. Patients with acute myelogenous leukemia had a more vigorous response to their leukemia cells than patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Although studies of general immunocompetence tended to correlate with the in vitro response to leukemia cells, only one patient who was unresponsive to autologous leukemia cells was immunoincompetent. A good prognosis was correlated with a vigorous response to leukemia cells, inhibition or facilitation of that response by autologous serum, and a persistently positive blastogenic response in remission.