cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Establishment of ELISA on 384-well microplate for AFP, CEA, CA 19-9, CA 15-3, CA 125, and PSA-ACT: Higher sensitivity and lower reagent cost

The 384-well microplate contains four times as many wells as the regular 96-well microplate. Establishing enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) on 384-well microplate should lead to savings in reagents and specimens. To determine that ELISAs on 384-well microplate have acceptable assay precision, ELISAs for tumor markers, including AFP, PSA-ACT, CEA, CA 125, CA 15-3, and CA 19-9, were compared to the same ELISAs established on 96-well microplate. We found that ELISAs established on 384-well microplate had similar sensitivity and covered similar concentration ranges as ELISAs on 96-well microplate. All within-day and day-to-day precisions for the 384-ELISA had %CV less than 10%. Compared to ELISA on 96-well microplate, 384-ELISA used less reagents, less specimen, and exhibited approximately a two-fold increase in sensitivity. Overall cost of the 384-384-ELISA was also greatly reduced. Our results suggest that 384-ELISA is suitable for use in routine clinical laboratories.
Comparison of Growth Performance of Antibiotic-free Yorkshire Crossbreds Sired by Berkshire, Large Black, and Tamworth Breeds Raised in Hoop Structures.

The objective of this study was to compare body weight, ADG, and feed:gain ratio of antibiotic-free pigs from Yorkshire dams and sired by Yorkshire (YY), Berkshire (BY), Large Black (LBY) or Tamworth (TY) boars. All the crossbred pigs in each of three trials were raised as one group from weaning to finishing in the same deep-bedded hoop, providing a comfortable environment for the animals which allowed rooting and other natural behaviors. Birth, weaning and litter weights were measured and recorded. From approximately 50 kg to market weight (125 kg), feed intake and body weights were recorded manually (body weight) or using a FIRE (Feed Intake Recording Equipment, Osborne Industries Inc. Osborne, Kansas) system with eight individual feeding stations. Feed intake data for 106 finishing pigs between 140 and 210 d of age and the resulting weights and feed conversion ratios were analyzed by breed type. Least square means for body weights (birth, weaning and to 240 d) were estimated with Proc Mixed in SAS 9.2 for fixed effects such as crossbreed and days of age within the sire breed. The differences within fixed effects were compared using least significant differences with DIFF option. Individual birth weights and weaning weights were influenced by sire breed (p<0.05). For birth weight, BY pigs were the lightest, TY and YY pigs were the heaviest but similar to each other and LBY pigs were intermediate. For weaning weights, BY and LBY pigs were heavier than TY and YY pigs. However, litter birth and weaning weights were not influenced by sire breed, and average daily gain was also not significantly different among breed types. Tamworth sired pigs had lower overall body weight gain, and feed conversion was lower in TY and YY groups than BY and LBY groups (p<0.05), however, number of observations was somewhat limited for feed conversion and for Tamworth pigs. Overall, no convincing differences among breed types were noted for this study, but growth performance in the outdoor environment was satisfactory. (Key Words: Berkshire, Large Black, Tamworth, Antibiotic-free Yorkshire, Crossbred, Growth)
Serotonin transporter mechanisms and cardiac disease

Serotonin (5-HT)–related mechanisms have been explored extensively for pharmaceutical development, especially with regard to antidepressants and appetite suppressants. However, pharmacological agents acting through 5-HT-related pathways have been associated with a number of significant cardiovascular adverse effects, including pulmonary hypertension,1,2 cardiac arrhythmias,2 and cardiac valve abnormalities.1–4 Evidence for a 5-HT valvulopathy has arisen from a variety of observations, including clinical,3,4 animal model,5 and cell culture investigations.6,7 Patients with carcinoid syndrome tumors,4 others treated with the diet drug combination fenfluramine-phentermine (Fen/Phen),3 and individuals treated with ergot derivatives8 have been observed to develop what is most likely a 5-HT valvulopathy with comparable heart valve pathology between these different clinical groupings. In patients with carcinoid syndrome tumors, high 5-HT levels were observed to be associated with fibrodysplasia affecting predominantly the right-side cardiac valves3; a comparable pattern of valve disease was observed in a number of reported patients treated with ergot derivatives.8 The reason for this right-side valvulopathy distribution (tricuspid and pulmonary valves) has been hypothetically attributed to pulmonary monoamine oxidase clearance of 5-HT, thereby resulting in left-side cardiac valves being exposed to relatively lower 5-HT levels1,4 despite elevated systemic 5-HT. However, a recent animal study involving daily injection of 5-HT in rats demonstrated both elevated 5-HT levels and right- and left-side valve abnormalities.5 Article p 81 The Fen/Phen valvulopathy has been reported to affect both right- and left-side cardiac valves,3 and this was hypothesized to be due in part to pulmonary monoamine oxidase inhibition by Phen, resulting in increased 5-HT exposure for left-side cardiac valves.1 However, the mechanisms responsible for the pathogenesis of the cardiac effects of 5-HT are likely linked to interactions …
A Synthesizer's Parting Words: Ernst Mayr Reflects on Evolutionary Biology as Science

W biologists rejoice in biological diversity, in all its complexity, unpredictability, and even messiness. To physicists and philosophers raised on physics as the paradigmatic science, it might sometimes look as though we are merely fumbling our way toward some deeper understanding that can ultimately be reached only through hard-nosed reductionism. Ernst Mayr’s 25th book, What Makes Biology Unique? Considerations on the Autonomy of a Scientific Discipline (Mayr 2004a), addresses this gulf from the author’s perspective as naturalist, evolutionary biologist, historian of science, and philosopher. Mayr died in February at the age of 100, so this is his final book. Any biologist with even a passing interest in evolution knows Mayr for proposing the biological species concept, which emphasizes the importance of reproductive isolation in defining the boundaries between species. In The Origin of Species (1859), Charles Darwin showed that species have changed over time, and he explained how natural selection produced such change. But, to the modern reader steeped in Mayr’s ideas, Darwin had surprisingly little to say about what species were and how new ones came into being. That’s not to say that Darwin was silent on these matters. He had much to say about the extent of variation within and between species; about limits to successful reproduction between members of different species; and even about isolated areas, such as islands, as fertile grounds for new species to evolve. But unlike his clear explication of adaptation by natural selection, Darwin’s discussions of species never pulled all his data and ideas together into an explicit theory about what species are and how new ones originate. This void had to be filled, and it was Mayr, more than anyone else, who did so.
Fibronectin provides a conduit for fibroblast transmigration from collagenous stroma into fibrin clot provisional matrix

After injury, the wound space is filled with a fibrin/fibronectin clot containing growth factors released by platelets and monocytes. In response to these factors, fibroblasts migrate into the fibrin clot and contribute to the formation of granulation tissue. The functional mechanisms allowing fibroblasts to leave the collagenous matrix of normal connective tissue and invade the provisional matrix of the fibrin clot have not been fully defined. To investigate these mechanisms we established a new in vitro model which simulates specific aspects of early wound healing, that is, the migration of fibroblasts from a three-dimensional collagen matrix into a fibrin clot. This transmigration could be induced by physiological concentrations of platelet releasate or platelet-derived growth factor BB (PDGF-BB) in a concentration-dependent manner. At 24 hours irradiated fibroblasts invaded the fibrin gel almost as well as non-irradiated cells, indicating that transmigration was independent of proliferation. Plasminogen and its activators appear to be necessary for invasion of the fibrin clot since protease inhibitors decreased the amount of migration. These serine proteases, however, were not necessary for exit from the collagen gel as fibroblasts migrated out of the collagen gel onto a surface coated with fibrin fibrils even in the presence of inhibitors. Removal of fibronectin (FN) from either the collagen gel or the fibrin gel markedly decreased the number of migrating cells, suggesting that FN provides a conduit for transmigration. Cell movement in the in vitro model was inhibited by RGD peptide, and by monoclonal antibodies against the subunits of the alpha5 beta1 and alpha v beta3 integrin receptor. Thus, the functional requirements for fibroblast transmigration from collagen-rich to fibrin-rich matrices, such as occurs in early wound healing, have been partially defined using an in vitro paradigm of this important biologic process.
Neurogenetics of Drosophila Circadian Rhythms

The isolation of single-gene mutations has proved to be a useful tool in investigating the molecular basis of cellular processes. Although the discovery that living organisms possess endogenous oscillators with a period of about a day (circadian) was made more than two centuries ago, the molecular nature of these oscillators is still unknown. In an effort to understand the genetic control of circadian rhythmicity, as well as to provide a means of identifying a molecule that may be a component of the underlying oscillator, my laboratory is studying the genetics, physiology, and behavior of Drosophila that bear chemically induced mutations which alter the periodicity of the circadian eclosion and adult locomotor activity rhythms. This paper summarizes some of the results of these investigations.
A Collective Object for the Sociology of Morality Project

pinquity Revisited: Communications Technology and the Transformation of the Urban Public Sphere.’’ Sociological Inquiry 68(3):373–397. Castells, Manuel. 1997. The Power of Identity. London: Blackwell Publishers. Coleman, Gabriella E. 2012. Coding Freedom: The Ethics and Aesthetics of Hacking. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Coleman, Gabriella E. 2014. Hacker, Hoaxer, Whistleblower, Spy: The Many Faces of Anonymous. New York: Verso. Dauvergne, Peter, and Genevieve LeBaron. 2014. Protest Inc.: The Corporatization of Activism. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press. Downing, John. 2001. Radical Media: Rebellious Communication and Social Movements. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications. Earl, Jennifer, and Katrina Kimport. 2011. Digitally Enabled Social Change: Activism in the Internet Age. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Fisher, Dana. 2006. Activism, Inc.: How the Outsourcing of Political Campaigns is Strangling Progressive Politics in America. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. Harcourt, Bernard E. 2013. ‘‘Political Disobedience.’’ Pp. 45–92 in Occupy: Three Inquiries in Disobedience, edited by W. J. T. Mitchell, B. E. Harcourt, and M. Taussig. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Hick, Steven, and John G. McNutt, eds. 2002. Advocacy and Activism on the Internet: Perspectives from Community Organization and Social Policy. Chicago: Lyceum Books. Jordan, Tim, and Paul Taylor. 2004. Hacktivism and Cyberwars: Rebels with a Cause. New York: Routledge. Lievrouw, Leah A. 2011. Alternative and Activist New Media. London: Polity. Meyer, David S., and Sidney G. Tarrow. 1998. The Social Movement Society: Contentious Politics for a New Century. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield. Ramos, Howard, and Kathleen Rodgers, eds. 2015. Protest and Politics: The Promise of Social Movement Societies. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press. Rheingold, Howard. 1993. The Virtual Community: Homesteading on the Electronic Frontier. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley. Samson, Robert J., Doug McAdam, Heather MacIndoe, and Simon WefferElizondo. 2005. ‘‘Civil Society Reconsidered: The Durable Nature and Community Structure of Collective Civic Action.’’ American Journal of Sociology 111(3): 673–714. Walker, Edward. 2015. Grassroots for Hire: Public Affairs Consultancy in American Democracy. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. Wellman, Barry. 1997. ‘‘An Electronic Group Is Virtually a Social Network.’’ Pp. 179–205 in Culture of the Internet, edited by S. Kiesler. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum. Wellman, Barry. 2004. ‘‘The Three Ages of Internet Studies: Ten, Five and Zero Years Ago.’’ New Media and Society 6(1):123–129. Whalen, Jack, and Richard Flacks. 1990. Beyond the Barricades: The Sixties Generation Grows Up. Philadelphia: Temple University Press. Whittier, Nancy. 1995. Feminist Generations: The Persistence of the Radical Women’s Movement. Philadelphia: Temple University Press. Wolfson, Todd. 2014. Digital Rebellion: The Birth of the Cyber Left. Champaign: University of Illinois Press. Yang, Guobin. 2009. The Power of the Internet in China: Citizen Activism Online. New York: Columbia University Press.
Attempts to propagate murine poliomyelitis virus on various intestinal bacteria and protozoa.

ConclusionsPropagation of human or simian strains of poliomyelitis virus in any kind of culture medium is extremely difficult whereas certain murine strains will grow well in tissue culture containing embryonic mouse brain. A number of enteric bacteria and protozoa as well as some highly differentiated non-intestinal protozoa were examined for their ability to permit propagation of MM murine poliomyelitis virus in culture. No evidence of viral propagation was found as determined by mouse inoculation. The data do not encourage the assumption that neu-rotropic poliomyelitis virus in stool or sewage may be maintained in symbiosis with free living microbial cells. However the limited extent of this work does not exclude the possibility that experiments with other marine or faecal organisms under different experimental conditions might be more successful.
Gd(III)[15-Metallacrown-5] Recognition of Chiral α-Amino Acid Analogues

Chiral Ln(III)[15-metallacrown-5] complexes with phenyl side chains have been shown to encapsulate aromatic carboxylates reversibly in their hydrophobic cavities. Given the importance of selective guest binding for applications of supramolecular containers in synthesis, separations, and materials design, the affinity of Gd(III)[15-metallacrownCu(II), l-pheHA-5] hosts for a series of chiral carboxylate guests with varying substitutions on the α-carbon (phenylalanine, N-acetyl-phenylalanine, phenyllactate, mandelate, methoxyphenylacetate) has been investigated. Differential binding of S- and R-phenylalanine was revealed by X-ray crystallography, as the S-enantiomer exclusively forms associative hydrogen bonds with oxygen atoms in the metallacrown ring. Selective guest binding in solution was assessed with isothermal titration calorimetry, which measures the sequential guest binding in the hydrophobic cavity first and the hydrophilic face of the host, and a cyclic voltammetry assay, which quantifies guest bi...
Origin of Surface Canting within Fe 3 O 4 Nanoparticles

Polarization analyzed small angle neutron scattering and modeling of iron oxide nanoparticles suggests that spin canting - tilting of surface spins at an angle to the applied magnetic field - arises from an interplay between interparticle coupling, Zeeman energy, magnetocrystalline anisotropy, and dipolar interactions.
Iodine metabolism in cultured mouse thyroid lobes.

ConclusionWe have demonstrated a culture system employing thyroid lobes from mice which over a 24 hr period seem capable of maintaining good function with respect to the transport of inorganic iodide, the formation of labeled iodothyronines, a capacity to increase hormone formation under TSH stimulation and the ability to release hormone and iodide in a dose dependent manner at relatively low TSH concentrations. The system lends itself to a variety of studies in which the capacity to form thyroxine and triiodothyronine in vitro are of the essence.
Hereditary Motor and Sensory Neuropathies

Hereditary motor and sensory neuropathies (HMSNs), or Charcot–Marie–Tooth (CMT) disease and related neuropathies, are a group of clinically and genetically heterogeneous disorders primarily affecting the peripheral nervous system (PNS) with secondary muscle wasting and weakness. The diagnosis is based on the presence of lower motor neuron signs and evidence of sensory involvement. Motor nerve conduction velocities (NCVs) distinguish two major types: CMT1 (the demyelinating form) and CMT2 (the axonal form). The disease spectrum of CMT is a continuum and can extend in the same family from severe infantile-onset disease to mild adult-onset disease. CMT neuropathy can be inherited as either an autosomal dominant (AD), autosomal recessive (AR), or X-linked (XL) trait, and often occurs as sporadic neuropathy. Thus far, over 40 different genetic loci have been linked to CMT; for 34 of these loci, specific genes have been identified. These genes encode proteins involved in myelination, Schwann cell differentiation, axonal transport, endocytic recycling, mitochondrial function, protein translation, signal transduction, and single-stranded DNA break repair. During the previous two decades, an enormous amount of information regarding peripheral nerve function and dysfunction has been obtained through the identification of genes responsible for disease in patients manifesting inherited peripheral neuropathies, generating a complex classification based on the locus or gene involved. Further insights on CMT pathomechanisms will be facilitated by implementing whole genome analysis techniques.
The Spanish Pavilion at the 1964–65 New York World’s Fair: Franco Spain’s $7 Million US Outreach Summa

The Franco regime’s comprehensive program of reputational outreach to the US reached its apex in the mid-1960s with the Pavilion of Spain at the 1964–65 New York World’s Fair. The 80,000 square-foot exhibition building the regime commissioned, the exhibits and performances it displayed, and the events held within its confines brought together under one massive roof US tourism promotion, the public relations functions of messaging, media exploitation and relationship building, and even Hollywood via the contributions of film producer Samuel Bronston. In fact, the Pavilion of Spain was in effect the Franco regime’s own “epic production,” its $7,000,000 expense matching or even exceeding the cost of major Hollywood films of the time; by way of comparison, the all-star 1963 World War II film The Great Escape, for example, had a $4 million budget, and even 1964’s Mary Poppins,that year’s blockbuster hit, cost a million dollars less than the Spanish contribution to the World’s Fair.1 And in an echo of Samuel Bronston placing his studio for his own purposes at the service of Franco Spain’s image and reputation promotion in the US and beyond, World’s Fair President Robert Moses would explicitly seek Spain’s fair participation with the pitch that a Spanish pavilion would give the Franco regime a perfect opportunity to present itself in a favorable light to millions of American and other visitors. Moreover, while the regime saw Spain’s participation primarily in soft power outreach terms, it was concerned as well about the maintenance of the Spain-US Madrid Pact-based military alliance, which the Foreign Ministry, the organizer of the Pavilion of Spain, argued strongly that the Spanish exhibition in New York would promote—and the lack thereof would undermine.
A Market Study on the Anaerobic Waste-water Treatment Systems

This study analyzed global trends in the industrial use ofanaerobic wastewater treatment systems. Information on over 750anaerobic systems installed over the last two decades by three leading suppliers of anaerobic systems, namely ADI SystemsInc., Biothane Corporation, and Paques, showed exponential growthin the use of industrial anaerobic wastewater systemsinternationally up to the mid-1990s. After 1994, the number ofannual installations declined, and has been relatively constantover the last three years. The North American market was shown tobe relatively volatile, with no clear indication of futuregrowth, while the European market was found to be relativelymature. In North America, most of the anaerobic wastewatertreatment systems are serving breweries (26%), potato processingindustries (11%), or pulp and paper industries (9%). Ananalysis of the market history of the commercial anaerobic modelssuggests the phasing out of traditional UASB and fermentormodels, and the potential for growth of high-capacity and high-rate systems (>20 kg m-3 d-1) such as the BiothaneEGSB and the Paques Internal Circulation (IC) systems. Future efforts should focus on research into new designs for high-rate and high-capacity systems, and on the encouragement of economic incentivesfor industries implementing anaerobic wastewater treatmentsystems. A market study on other methods of wastewater treatment(e.g. aerobic treatment) is also recommended, to provide insightinto current economic trends in the area of environmental biotechnology.
Digitalquest: a mixed reality approach to scavenger hunts

This paper presents a novel approach for the design of creative location-based mixed reality applications. We introduce a framework called DigitalQuest that simpliﬁes adding geolocated virtual content on top of real-world camera input. Unlike previous work, whichreliessolelyonmarkersorimagepatternrecognition,wedeﬁne a "mirror world" that facilitates interactive mixed reality. DigitalQuest consists of an editor that allows users to easily add their own content as desired and a mobile application that loads content from a server based on the location of the device. Each piece of virtual content can be organized through the editor so that it appears only in certain circumstances, allowing a designer to determine when and where a virtual object is attached to a real-world location. We have used our editor to create a series of futuristic scavenger hunts in which participating teams must solve puzzles in order to access new virtual context appearing in a mixed reality environment via a mobile phone application. In this paper, we introduce our editor and present an example scavenger hunt game, Morimondo, that was built using it. Speciﬁcally, we describe our technique to utilize camera and motion sensors on the mobile phone to enable an appropriate level of user engagement within this game. We are able to obtain realistic augmentations with accurate positioning by leveraging sensor fusion and through the use of ﬁlters that compensate for sensor noise, using image processing only for error correction or in special situations. The initial success of this project leads us to believe that DigitalQuest could be used to design a wide range of creative multi-user mixed reality applications.
Biobanking-Budgets and the Role of Pathology Biobanks in Precision Medicine.

Biobanks have become an important component of the routine practice of pathology. At the 2016 meeting of the Association of Pathology Chairs, a series of presentations covered several important asp...
The Bird Dancer: Social Rejection and Social Suffering

The ethnographic film The Bird Dancer depicts Gusti Ayu, a young Balinese woman diagnosed with Tourette Syndrome. Gusti’s symptoms are moderate but largely unfamiliar in rural Bali, eliciting concern, fear, and ridicule in her family and community. Gusti has spent years pursuing unsuccessful traditional and Western treatments while struggling to overcome the stigma and suffering that has resulted not primarily from her Tourette Syndrome but from the web of cultural significance spun around it. After presenting Gusti’s life story, the chapter conducts an intersectional analysis of her experience as informed by traditional healing therapeutics, gendered habitus and family practices, and the Balinese Hindu caste system. It then reflexively examines the role of psychiatric treatment and empathetic listening in Gusti’s personal trajectory and the filmmaking process.
Chapter 8 – Graphene composites with proteins and biologics

Biological applications of graphene derivatives are highly promising for nanomedicine, biosensing, bioimaging and biocatalysis. Here, we discuss the deign strategies of functional graphene biohybrids with proteins and DNA. An introduction to the interactions at the bio–nano interface, which controls the properties of hybrids, is summarized in the beginning, and we connect the materials world with that of biology. The biocatalysis systems developed in our laboratory using graphene oxide as a stabilizing matrix is used as a model system to discuss the strategies and characterization methods. This includes the “Stable-on-the-table” enzyme hybrids that are functional even under biologically challenging conditions, such as elevated temperatures or extreme pH conditions. These biohybrids are stable over a month when stored under ambient conditions, which are quite unusual for the storage of ordinary enzymes or proteins. Besides the high stability, graphene-based bioelectrodes are used for the sensitive detection of analytes such as glucose, below physiological levels, and this discussion is followed by highly promising drug-delivery systems based on graphene. The unmet challenges in this field to create graphene with better biocompatibility and stability under physiological conditions will be imperative for applications of these systems in clinical systems.
Heterogeneity in educational pathways and the health behavior of U.S. young adults

An increasing number of U.S. adults are progressing through college in decidedly more complex ways. Little is known, however, about how this growing heterogeneity may be associated with the health behaviors and ultimately health of young adults. Using a life course perspective, we investigate whether and why different educational pathways - that is, variation in when people attend and complete school - are associated with daily smoking and binge drinking among U.S. young adults. We use 14 waves (1997-2011) of data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 cohort (n=7,359) that enable us to identify the most common educational pathways, as well as their association with young adult health behaviors. Bachelor's degree recipients who enrolled immediately after high school but did not attain their degree within 4 years were more likely to smoke daily in early adulthood (i.e., ages 26 to 32) than those who enrolled in college immediately after high school and attained a bachelor's degree within 4 years. Conversely, bachelor's degree recipients who delayed college enrollment were less likely to binge drink in early adulthood than individuals who enrolled in college immediately after high school and attained a bachelor's degree within 4 years. Marital status and household income in young adulthood accounted for some of the relationships between educational pathways and health behavior. These findings highlight the complexity of education's relationship to health behavior and strongly suggest that heterogeneity in educational pathways should be explicitly examined in population health research. Word Count: 241.
A potassium-dependent citric acid transport system in Aerobacter aerogenes.

Abstract The citric acid permease system of Aerobacter aerogenes UGa-1 has now been characterized as a potassium-dependent transport system. The ability to take up citrate was extensively diminished when the cells were depleted of K+ by washing with water, with sodium phosphate, and, as noted previously, with Tris buffer. Na+ could not replace the requirement for K+. The ability to take up citrate by cells depleted of K+ was restored by incubation with potassium, but not with sodium, phosphate. These data suggest that the bacterial potassium-dependent transport of citric acid is dependent on a gradient of K+ concentration from inside to outside the cell.
Commentary: “Measurement Error Models in Astronomy” by Brandon C. Kelly

Bayesian analysis offers a general approach to measurement error that has many advantages—it focuses attention on careful modeling, is widely applicable, and provides efficient estimators. Bayesian analysis is relatively easy using WinBUGS software. We discuss here the paper by Brandon Kelly, and present an example of fitting a quadratic regression model with WinBUGS called from R, with the WinBUGS and R code provided.
High Resolution Fluorescence Spectroscopy of Laser-Induced Plasmas

High-resolution spectroscopic analysis of laser-produced plasmas (LPP) is ultimately important for elemental, isotopic analysis and physical characterization of the plasma plumes to provide the highest accuracy. The major mechanisms affecting line broadening in LPP are Stark, Doppler, and pressure effects, and their roles change drastically with space and time because of rapid changes in temperature and density. Optical emission spectroscopy (OES) of LPP is typically performed when the plasma is thermally excited where the linewidth is dominated by Stark broadening. In contrast, laser absorption spectroscopy (LAS) and laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) probe optical transitions from lower-energy atomic states when the plasma is cooler.1 Hence the use of ultra-narrowband tunable laser sources for active probing of LPP will lead to measurement of intrinsic linewidths of atomic transition. In this study, we use a cw ultra-narrowband tunable laser source for performing LIF of LPP with an emphasis on measuring the inherent linewidths of selected U transitions with varying ambient pressure levels as well as its use in isotopic analysis.
Case Study: Mount Mee Wild Dog Program—Moreton Bay Shire, Queensland

The Mount Mee wild dog case study describes a local government program that supports local landholders to participate in coordinated control. The Mount Mee example shows how local government leadership can support landholders to increase participation in wild dog control. Making it easy for landholders to participate is identified as the most important ingredient for success in this case. The local government program demonstrates a commitment to respectful communication with landholders and develops procedures to build relationships across the region. Council staff use local wild dog data to engage landholders in conversation, integrating scientific expertise with locally produced knowledge. This approach has created a safe and embracing culture that is shown to nurture community participation. By reducing the administrative and regulatory burden on individual landholders and community leaders, local government enables responsible and motivated members of the community to focus on building relationships, sharing information and creating a norm of civic duty and participation amongst their neighbours. The local council’s willingness to act for the public good creates political and social capital that leads to a generally supportive and encouraging atmosphere for wild dog control. The needs of the farming community, local government and state agencies have become aligned with the aspiration to make a civic contribution to the wider public good.
Transient-velocity gage for structures: Design of gage is based on the principle of a highly overdamped seismic oscillator

A compact gage has been developed to measure transient velocities up to about 600 cm/sec. The design is based on the principle of a highly overdamped seismic oscillator. Frequency response of the gage is flat from 1 to 500 cps. The gage can be used at any inclination and measures the velocity component along one axis only unaffected by crosswise motion.
Unusual olecranon mass with ulnar nerve compressive neuropathy caused by a haemophilic pseudotumour

A 55-year-old man with a history of haemophilia A and bilateral haemophilic arthropathy of the elbows presented with an enlarging left elbow mass and worsening paresthesias in the ulnar distribution of the left hand. The mass, originally thought to be olecranon bursitis and treated as such, was found to be due to a haemophilic pseudotumour. The patient underwent successful excision of the haemophilic pseudotumour with concomitant ulnar nerve decompression and had sustained resolution of the pseudotumour and symptoms at 10 years of follow-up. This case demonstrates the need for consideration of haemophilic pseudotumour in the differential diagnosis for olecranon masses and cubital tunnel compressive neuropathy in patients with haemophilia, and highlights the viability of surgical excision as a therapeutic option for the treatment of haemophilic pseudotumours in the elbow.
Break–Copy, Break–Join

The extent of involvement of DNA replication in recombination of linked markers differs among organisms and circumstances. In meiosis, crossing over involves some DNA synthesis, but can reasonably be considered a break–join process. In prokaryotes, recombination is characteristically accompanied by extensive DNA replication, probably reflecting the historic origins of the recombination systems as devices for repairing broken replication forks. Some site-specific recombination can be carried out with no DNA synthesis.
Nucleation in a liquid droplet

The droplet-based microreactors in microfluidic systems have been used to synthesize nanocrystals of a variety of metals and semiconductors, which involves the nucleation and growth processes. Considering the limited numbers of solvent atoms and solute atoms/particles in a stationary droplet, we derive analytical expressions of the changes of the Gibbs free energy and the Helmholtz free energy for the concurrent formation of multiple microclusters of the same size in the liquid droplet. Both the changes of the Gibbs free energy and the Helmholtz free energy are dependent on the ratio of the number of microclusters to the solvent atoms and the interface energy between the solution and the microclusters. Using the change of the free energy, which is an approximation of the Gibbs free energy and the Helmholtz free energy, we obtain the critical nucleation number of the solute atoms/particles in the microclusters for the concurrent nucleation of multiple nuclei of the same size. The critical nucleation number of the solute atoms/particles is dependent on the ratio of the number of nuclei in the droplet to the solvent atoms, and the maximum change of the free energy for the concurrent nucleation of multiple nuclei of the same size increases with the increase of the ratio of the number of the nuclei in the droplet to the number of the solvent atoms.
Community-as-pedagogy: Environmental leadership for youth in rural Costa Rica

This mixed-methods study examines an informal place- and community-based environmental education program implemented for rural, underserved high school students in Costa Rica’s bio-culturally diver...
A Difluoromethylene Linchpin/Synthon: Application in Conjunction with Anion Relay Chemistry (ARC) Permits Ready Access to Diverse Difluoromethylene Scaffolds.

Organodifluorine synthons, in conjuction with three-component diastereoselective anion relay chemistry (ARC), permit ready access to diverse difluoromethylene scaffolds. Initiated via [1,2]-additio...
Studying 'Alcohol, Drugs, and Society' from a Sociological Perspective: Comparing the Academic Performance of Pre-Professionals in Addiction Studies with Students Majoring in Other Disciplines

ABSTRACT This study compares the academic performance of two distinct types of students enrolled over a five year period in a Sociology class entitled “Alcohol, Drugs, and Society.” Roughly 30% of enrollees take this course as part of their training to become certified addictions counselors through the College of Human Sciences. The remainder come from a wide range of other courses of study, largely through the College of Arts and Sciences. These majors include, but are not limited to, sociology, social work, psychology, history, political science, and journalism. Data reveal that the difference in average grades between the pre-professionals and all others is not statistically significant.
Looking Beyond "Mow, Blow and Go": A Case Study of Mexican Immigrant Gardeners in Los Angeles

Author(s): Huerta, Alvaro | Abstract: Recent research on Mexican immigrants focuses on the working conditions of farm workers, garment workers, janitors and day laborers. This coincides with successful efforts by organized labor and immigrant advocacy groups to organize these marginalized workforces. Little attention, however, has been given to Mexican paid gardeners. As part of the household service economy, paid gardeners represent a difficult labor sector to organize and research because they typically operate as independent contractors in the informal economy. This paper seeks to provide a more holistic picture of this dynamic workforce. Drawing primarily upon ethnographic techniques, the paper documents how this industry operates and its social organization. Based on research conducted in Los Angeles, the paper also demonstrates how a select group of self-employed, Mexican gardeners function as petty-entrepreneurs, benefiting in the informal economy by successfully utilizing their social capital and social networks.
A note on $k$-intersection bodies

The concept of an intersection body is central for the dual Brunn-Minkowski theory and has also played an important role in the solution of the Busemann-Petty problem. A more general concept of k-intersection bodies is related to the generalization of the Busemann-Petty problem. In this note, we compare classes of k-intersection bodies for different k and examine the conjecture that these classes increase with k. In particular, we construct a 4-intersection body that is not a 2-intersection body.
Local solutions to a class of Monge-Ampère equations of mixed type

In this article, we study a class of Monge-Ampere equations of mixed type which is elliptic in one side of a hypersurface and hyperbolic in another side. The degeneracy along the hypersurface is allowed to be at arbitrary, even infinite, order. The linearized equation is also of mixed type and includes the high-dimensional Tricomi equation as a special case. We establish the existence of sufficiently smooth local solutions to the Monge-Ampere equations via Nash-Moser iteration
Beyond the American Pale: The Irish in the West, 1845–1910

Review of: "Beyond the American Pale: The Irish in the West, 1845–1910," by David M. Emmons.
Palatal growth rates in Macaca nemestrina and Papio cynocephalus

A longitudinal study consisting of 38 unrelated Macaca nemestrina and 16 Papio cynocephalus monkeys are investigated for palatal changes during the first two and a half years of life. The central problem is to ascertain whether there are any significant differences between the two genera regarding their relative growth rates. In order to examine this question, the amount of sexual dimorphism in absolute size was determined. There was no sex difference in palatal dimensions within the species but there were marked size differences between the groups. The relative growth rates present another story. There are no significant sex or intergeneric differences in growth rates. The genera are different in absolute size but they grow at about the same relative rates. These rates represent a decelerating curve in both genera.
Statistical mechanics of cracks: Fluctuations, breakdown, and asymptotics of elastic theory

We study a class of models for brittle fracture: elastic theory models that allow for cracks but not for plastic flow. We show that these models exhibit, at all finite temperatures, a transition to fracture under applied load similar to the first-order liquid-gas transition. We study this transition at low temperature for small tension. Using the complex variable method in a two-dimensional elastic theory, we prove that the energy release in an isotropically stretched material due to the creation of an arbitrary curvy cut is the same to cubic order as the energy release for the straight cut with the same end points. We find the energy spectrum for crack shape fluctuations and for crack surface phonons, under a uniform isotropic tension. For small uniform isotropic tension in two dimensions, we calculate the essential singularity associated with fracturing the material in a saddle point approximation including quadratic fluctuations. This singularity determines the lifetime of the material ~half-life for fracture!, and also determines the asymptotic divergence of the high-order corrections to the zero temperature elastic coefficients. We calculate the asymptotic ratio of the high-order elastic coefficients of the inverse bulk modulus, and argue that the result is unchanged by nonlinearities—the ratio of the highorder nonlinear terms are determined solely by the linear theory. @S1063-651X~97!02706-2#
The Knowledge Building Paradigm: A Model of Learning for Net Generation Students.

The statement that the computer is "part of my brain" should resonate with everyone involved in education today. Computers and the attendant technology can no longer be considered desirable adjuncts to education. Instead, they have to be regarded as essential—as thinking prosthetics (Johnson 2001) or mind tools (Jonassen 1996). But, like any other tool, thinking prosthetics must be used properly to be effective. In this article we briefly address the shift in learning styles associated with Net Generation students; we then introduce the Knowledge Building paradigm, a learning model particularly suited for a social environment in which cognitive prosthetics have become indispensable, as well as for the professional settings these students can expect to confront in their future careers. In doing so, we also point to corresponding transformations in business and education that will determine the future of the Net Generation learner and worker.
Method for Isolating Mutants Overproducing Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide and Its Precursors

A procedure has been developed for isolating mutants which are defective with respect to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) metabolism. It is based on the well known V-factor requirement of Haemophilus parainfluenzae. This procedure was used to isolate a series of mutants from Escherichia coli. The pyridine metabolism of wild-type and mutant E. coli cells falls in one of four distinct classes. Class A includes wild-type E. coli and represents strains that are normal with respect to pyridine metabolism. Class B mutants have altered internal pools of NAD. The intracellular NAD concentration of different class B mutants varies over a 10-fold range. Class C mutants excrete pyridine mononucleotides, and class D mutants excrete NAD. The production of pyridine nucleotides by class C and D mutants exceeds that of wild-type E. coli by a factor of at least ten. The mutant strains generally have normal generation times and achieve normal cell densities in minimal medium.
Complications of Chronic Pancreatitis

Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is a disease characterized by the progressive and irreversible loss of pancreatic structure and exocrine and endocrine function. Various complications can develop that require medical evaluation and intervention. The vast majority of patients with CP have the disease because of alcohol intake, and these patients often develop symptoms related to alcohol abuse, as well as problems directly attributable to pancreatitis. CP is burdened with numerous complications,but only a fraction (∼20%) is directly the result of pancreatitis or one of its direct effects. Most patients with CP die of respiratory and other digestive malignancies, coexistent chronic liver disease, cardiovascular causes, or postoperative complications. This chapter examines some of the more unusual complications of CP, including pancreatic diabetes, nutritional issues, pleuropulmonary influences, panniculitis and arthritis, gastroparesis, venous thromboses, biliary and duodenal obstruction, pancreatic fistulae, and pancreatic malignancy. (Exocrine insufficiency is discussed in Chapter 16.)
Conformations of complexes derived from the interactions of two stereoisomeric bay-region 5-methylchrysene diol epoxides with DNA.

Abstract The reaction mechanisms of two isomeric bay-region diol epoxides of 5-methylchrysene (trans-1,2-dihydroxy-anti/-3,4-epoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-5-methylchrysene (DE-I) and trans-7,8-dihydroxy-anti-9,10-epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-5-methylchrysene (DE-II) with double-stranded DNA in aqueous solutions were studied utilizing kinetic flow dichroism and fluorescence techniques. As in the case of the previously studied benzo(a)pyrene-7,8-diol-9,10-oxide isomers (BaPDE), both DE-I and DE-II rapidly form intercalation-type complexes (association constants K = 2700 and 1500 M−1 respectively in a neutral 5mM phosphate solution). The physically bound diol epoxide molecules react on time scales of minutes to form predominantly tetraols; a greater fraction (6±1%) of DE-I than of DE-II (2–3%) molecules react with the DNA to form covalent products. The DE-II isomer is characterized by a greater reactivity than DE-I, and the rates of reaction are markedly accelerated in the presence of DNA in both cases. The linear d...
The Federal Communications Commission's "Fairness" Doctrine Broadcaster Attitudes and Compliance

There are few examples in the literature that measure compliance with the decisions of federal regulatory agencies. This study addresses the following questions: Do broadcasters willingly comply with "fairness" regulations? Does the FCC enforce its public interest policies? The study uses an attitudinal survey and compliance data at the networks and the FCC to find out the impact of a landmark decision that applied the "fairness" doctrine to cigarette commercials.
Boundary integral methods for multicomponent fluids and multiphase materials

Abstract We present a brief review of the application of boundary integral methods in two dimensions to multicomponent fluid flows and multiphase problems in materials science. We focus on the recent development and outcomes of methods which accurately and efficiently include surface tension. In fluid flows, we examine the effects of surface tension on the Kelvin–Helmholtz and Rayleigh–Taylor instabilities in inviscid fluids, the generation of capillary waves on the free surface, and problems in Hele-Shaw flows involving pattern formation through the Saffman–Taylor instability, pattern selection, and singularity formation. In materials science, we discuss microstructure evolution in diffusional phase transformations, and the effects of the competition between surface and elastic energies on microstructure morphology. A common link between these different physical phenomena is the utility of an analysis of the appropriate equations of motion at small spatial scales to develop accurate and efficient time-stepping methods.
The buzz on fly neuronal remodeling.

Hormone-dependent rewiring of axons and dendrites is a conserved feature of nervous system development and plasticity. During metamorphosis in insects, steroid hormones (the ecdysteroids) and terpenoid hormones (the juvenile hormones) regulate extensive remodeling of the nervous system. These changes retool the nervous system for new behavioral and physiological functions that are required for the adult stage of the life cycle. In honey bees and other highly social insects, hormones also regulate behavioral changes and neuronal plasticity associated with transitions between social caste roles. This review focuses on recent work in fruit flies and honey bees that reveals hormonal and molecular mechanisms underlying metamorphic and caste-dependent neuronal remodeling, with specific emphasis on the role of Kruppel homolog 1.