cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Weekly paclitaxel and gemcitabine in advanced transitional-cell carcinoma of the urothelium: A phase II Hoosier Oncology Group study

Purpose To evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of weekly paclitaxel and gemcitabine in patients with advanced transitional-cell carcinoma (TCC) of the urothelial tract. Patients and Methods Patients with advanced unresectable TCC were enrolled onto this multicenter, communitybased, phase II trial. Initially, patients were treated with paclitaxel 110 mg/m 2 and gemcitabine 1,000 mg/m 2 by intravenous infusion on days 1, 8, and 15 every 28 days. Patients who had an objective response or stable disease continued treatment for a maximum of six courses. Paclitaxel was decreased to 90 mg/m 2 and gemcitabine was decreased to 800 mg/m 2 for the last 12 patients because of a concerning incidence of pulmonary toxicity in the first 24 patients. Results Thirty-six patients were enrolled between September 1998 and March 2003. Twenty-four patients received the higher doses of paclitaxel and gemcitabine, and 12 patients received the lower doses. Twenty-five (69.4%) of 36 patients had major responses to treatment, including 15 patients (41.7%) with complete responses. With a median follow-up time of 38.7 months, the median survival time was 15.8 months. Grade 3 and 4 toxicities included granulocytopenia (36.1%), thrombocytopenia (8.3%), and neuropathy (16.7%). Five patients (13.9%) had grades 3 to 5 pulmonary toxicity, and one patient had grade 2 pulmonary toxicity. Conclusion Weekly paclitaxel and gemcitabine is an active regimen in the treatment of patients with advanced TCC. However, because of the high incidence of pulmonary toxicity associated with this schedule of paclitaxel and gemcitabine, we recommend against the use of this regimen in this patient population. J Clin Oncol 23:1185-1191. © 2005 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Extraordinary politics in the Polish transition

Abstract Among the arguments for rapid economic reform in transitions to the market in Central and Eastern Europe, scholars have argued that rapid reformers could better take advantage of the period of `extraordinary politics' at the beginning of the transition. Regime transitions provide a unique opportunity for politicians to implement economic reform since the public is more likely to grant the government room to reform. If the public is more likely to give politicians this window of opportunity, politicians should implement far-reaching reforms during that period. I test two propositions in this paper: (1) politicians in office during a period of liberalization will get high positive ratings at the polls which will gradually deplete over time; and (2) at the beginning of the transition, views of the current economic situation will not predict views of politics. I find that approval of the Polish government was unusually high in the first one and one-half to two years of the Polish transition. In the same period, assessments of the current economic situation only weakly affected assessments of politics. After the period of extraordinary politics comes to an end, the relationship between political and economic assessments is much stronger. Thus, in a country with a harsh economic reform program and six contentious national elections within eight years, there is strong evidence that politicians benefited from a period of extraordinary politics at the beginning of the regime.
Microfluidic Space-Domain Time-Resolved Emission Spectroscopy of Terbium(III) and Europium(III) Chelates with Pyridine-2,6-Dicarboxylate

This article describes the utilization of laminar microflows for time-resolved emission measurements with steady-state excitation and detection. Passing a laminar flow through a short illuminated section of a microchannel provided a means for pulsed-like photoexcitation of the moieties carried by the fluid. Imaging the microchannel flows carrying thus photoexcited chelates of lanthanide ions allowed us to extract their excited-state lifetimes from the spatial distribution of the changes in the emission intensity. The lifetime values obtained using this space-domain approach agreed well with the lifetimes from time-domain measurements. This validated space-domain microfluidic approach reveals a means for miniaturization of time-resolved emission spectroscopy.
Extraction of Effective Oxide Thickness for SOI FINFETs With High- $\kappa$ /Metal Gates Using the Body Effect

A methodology based on the transistor body effect is used to monitor inversion oxide thicknesses (Tinv's) in high-κ/metal-gate undoped ultrathin-body short-channel SOI FINFETs. The extracted Tinv's are benchmarked to independent capacitance-voltage (C-V) measurements. For the first time, device simulation is introduced to understand the fundamental difference in Tinv values extracted using the two techniques, which is driven by the inversion charge centroid at different bias conditions.
Human skin reconstruct models: a new application for studies of melanocyte and melanoma biology.

Studies of melanocyte and melanoma biology using monocultures of cells are limited because of culture-induced morphology changes and expression of genes related to growth, migration, and invasion, which do not reflect the in situ phenotype of normal melanocytes, nevus cells, or melanoma cells from biologically early progression stages. The development of organotypic cultures of human skin, in which culture artifacts are greatly diminished and cell-matrix and cellcell interactions between different cell types can be investigated in a three-dimensional system, has opened a new era for melanoma research. Long-term in vivo studies, especially important for melanomagenesis and melanoma metastasis have become possible through grafting of skin reconstructs to immuno.deficient laboratory animals. In this review, principles and different methods of skin reconstruction are introduced with focus on the application for pigment cell biology.
Time-Resolved Spectroscopic Studies of the AppA Blue-Light Receptor BLUF Domain from Rhodobacter sphaeroides†

AppA is a blue-light and redox-responding regulator of photosynthesis gene expression in Rhodobacter sphaeroides. Detailed time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy and subpicosecond transient absorption spectroscopy study of the BLUF domain is presented for wild-type AppA (AppAwt) and a photoinactive Y21F mutant of AppA. The main findings discussed here are that (1) time-resolved laser excitation studies on dark-adapted protein show that AppAwt and Y21F mutant protein exhibits a fluorescence decay with a lifetime of 0.6 ns. Dark-adapted AppAwt but not Y21F also exhibits slower fluorescence decay with a lifetime of 1.7 ns. Analysis of AppAwt that was light-excited to a stable light-adapted form prior to data collection shows monoexponential fluorescence decay with a lifetime of 1.0 ns. This component disappeared after 1 min of data collection after which the original "dark-adapted" values were recovered, demonstrating the presence of a approximately 1 min lifetime intermediate during the return of AppA from light- to dark-adapted form. (2) Transient absorption spectral analysis reveals a very fast rising of transient absorption (<1 ps) for AppAwt. This fast component is missing in the Y21F mutant, which lacks Tyr21, giving rise to a slower transient absorption at 4-6 ps. In the AppAwt transient spectra, most ground states recover within approximately 30 ps, compared to approximately 90-130 ps in the mutant Y21F. We propose that a temporary electron transfer occurs from Tyr21 to the N5 of flavin in AppAwt and is a triggering event for subsequent hydrogen-bond rearrangements. Dynamics of the AppA photocycle is discussed in view of the currently solved crystallographic structure of AppA.
High-Efficiency Blue Emitting Phosphorescent OLEDs

In this paper, we will show our latest results on high-efficiency blue phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes (PHOLEDs). Effects of triplet exciton confinement, exciton energy transfer and charge trapping, and charge balance on iridium(III)bis [(4,6-di-fluorophenyl)-pyridinato-N,C2'] picolinate (FIrpic)-based blue PHOLEDs will be presented. By optimizing the aforementioned device parameters, a high-efficiency blue PHOLED with 59 cd/A (48 lm/W at 100 cd/m2) was demonstrated.
Maternal-Zygotic Lethal Interactions in DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER : Zeste-White Region Single-Cistron Mutations.

Thirty-eight mutations in 13 essential loci in the zeste-white region were tested for interacting maternal and zygotic gene activity. Maternal mutant heterozygosity provided a partial maternal defect and position-effect variegation was used to alter the level of zygotic gene activity. This method yields a minimum estimate of the number of genes for which zygotic development depends upon both gene products stored in the egg and gene products synthesized in the zygote. Lethal interactions were found for one or more alleles at 10 of the 13 loci. The implications of these observations with respect to gene regulation and developmental sequence are considered.
Emulating Mammalian Vision on Reconfigurable Hardware

A significant challenge in creating machines with artificial vision is designing systems which can process visual information as efficiently as the brain. To address this challenge, we identify key algorithms which model the process of attention and recognition in the visual cortex of mammals. This paper presents Cover - an FPGA framework for generating systems which can potentially emulate the visual cortex. We have designed accelerators for models of attention and recognition in the cortex and integrated them to realize an end-to-end attention-recognition system. Evaluation of our system on a Dinigroup multi-FPGA platform shows high performance and accuracy for attention and recognition systems and speedups over existing CPU, GPU and FPGA implementations. Results show that our end-to-end system which emulates the cortex can achieve near real-time speeds for high resolution images. This system can be applied to many artificial vision applications such as augmented virtual reality and autonomous vehicle navigation.
Impedance measurements of various types of balanced antennas with the differential probe method

This paper revisits the differential probe method to measure the input impedance of balanced antennas. The differential probe method has been described briefly and it has been applied for various types of antennas. Measurement and simulation results have been provided for center-fed and offset-fed dipoles, electrically small antennas, and RFID tags.
Maximal consistent families of triples

Abstract The general problem of dividing a set into a maximal collection of subsets in such a way that the subsets will overlap in certain specified ways is a fundamental problem in experimental design and in the design of systems involving shared use of system elements. This memorandum solves this problem in the case for which the subsets are each required to have three elements, and any pair of subsets have at most one element in common. A family F of three element subsets of an n-element set Sn is called n-consistent if the intersection of any two sets of F contain at most one element of Sn. We find maximal (in number of elements) F for all n. For certain n the F are Steiner Triples Systems. The construction of the F is constructive. Structure Theorems are given determining the graph of doublets not covered by triplets in F.
PPARγ, neuroinflammation, and disease

Background Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are a class of nuclear transcription factors that are activated by fatty acids and their derivatives. One of these, PPARγ, regulates responsiveness to insulin in adipose cells, and PPARγ-activating drugs such as pioglitazone are used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. PPARγ acts in myeloid-lineage cells, including T-cells and macrophages, to suppress their activation and their elaboration of inflammatory molecules. PPARγ activation also suppresses the activated phenotype in microglia, suggesting that PPARγ-activating drugs may be of benefit in chronic neuroinflammatory diseases. Some, but not all, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents (indomethacin and ibuprofen in particular) also have activating effects on PPARγ.
Validation of Self-Reported Colorectal Cancer Screening Behavior from a Mixed-Mode Survey of Veterans

Objective: The aim of the study was to validate self-reported colorectal cancer (CRC) screening using the National Cancer Institute Colorectal Cancer Screening questionnaire. Materials and Methods: 890 patients, ages 50 to 75 years, from the Minneapolis Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center were surveyed by mail. Phone administration was attempted with mail nonresponders. VA and non-VA records were combined for the reference standard. Sensitivity, specificity, concordance, and report-to-records ratio (R2R) were estimated for overall and test-specific CRC adherence among respondents providing complete medical records. Secondary analyses examined variation in estimates by patient characteristics, treatment of missing and uncertain responses, and whether a strict or liberal time interval was used for assessing concordance. Results: Complete medical records were available for 345 of the 686 survey responders. For overall adherence, sensitivity was 0.98, specificity was 0.59, concordance was 0.88, and R2R was 1.14. Sensitivity was 0.82 for fecal occult blood test (FOBT), 0.75 for sigmoidoscopy, 0.97 for colonoscopy, and 0.63 for double-contrast barium enema (DCBE). Specificity was 0.89 for FOBT, 0.76 for sigmoidoscopy, 0.72 for colonoscopy, and 0.85 for DCBE. Concordance was >0.80 for all tests other than sigmoidoscopy (0.76). R2R was 1.31 for FOBT, 1.33 for sigmoidoscopy, 1.42 for colonoscopy, and 6.13 for DCBE. The R2R was lower for a combined sigmoidoscopy and colonoscopy measure. Overreporting was more pronounced for older, less-educated individuals with no family history of CRC. Sensitivity and R2R improved using a liberal interval and treating uncertain responses as nonadherent (versus missing), but differences were not statistically significant. Conclusions: Self-reported CRC screening validity is generally acceptable and robust across definitional decisions, but varies by screening test and patient characteristics. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2008;17(4):768–76)
Studies of Comets in the Ultraviolet: The Past and the Future

The remote sensing of comets in the ultraviolet bandpass has been a valuable tool for studying the structure, composition, variability, and physical processes at work in cometary comae. By extension, these studies of comae have revealed key insights into the composition of cometary nuclei. Here we briefly review the ultraviolet studies of comets, and then take a look toward the future of such work as anticipated by the advent of several key new instruments.
An infrared spectroscopic and temperature-programmed desorption study of methyl iodide hydrogenation on Pd(1 1 1)

Abstract The adsorption and hydrogenation of methyl iodide is studied on clean and hydrogen-covered Pd(1 1 1) using reflection–adsorption infrared spectroscopy (RAIRS) and temperature-programmed desorption. Molecular methyl iodide desorbs from clean Pd(1 1 1) at 229 K and hydrogen desorbs at ∼360 K. Methyl groups hydrogenate in two states at 191 and 304 K for large methyl iodide exposures where RAIRS data suggest that the low-temperature state is due to reaction with tilted methyl species while the high-temperature state is formed by hydrogenation of perpendicular ones. A single state is found at low methyl iodide coverages at ∼219 K due to the hydrogenation of tilted methyl species where the kinetics is limited by the rate of α-hydrogen elimination. Saturating the surface with hydrogen completely suppresses the high-temperature methane desorption state and the methane desorbs at between 189 and 207 K depending on coverage.
Graft-versus-Host Disease–Related Cytokine-Driven Apoptosis Depends on p73 in Cytokeratin 15–Positive Target Cells

Acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), a major complication of allogeneic stem cell transplantation, involves cytotoxic soluble and cellular effectors that selectively induce apoptosis in normally apoptosis-resistant, cytokeratin 15 (K15)-expressing epithelial stem cells residing at the tips of rete ridges of human epidermis and in analogous rete-like prominences (RLPs) of murine dorsal lingual epithelium. The mechanisms whereby epithelial stem cells are rendered vulnerable to apoptosis during allostimulation are unknown. We hypothesized that GVHD-induced target cell injury may be related to pathways involving the p53 family that are constitutively expressed by epithelial stem cells and designed to trigger physiological apoptosis as a result of environmental danger signals. Among the p53 family members, we found that p73 protein and mRNA were preferentially expressed in K15+ RLPs of murine lingual squamous epithelium. On in vitro exposure to recombinant TNF-α and IL-1 in an organ culture model previously shown to replicate early GVHD-like target cell injury, apoptosis was selectively induced in K15+ stem cell regions and was associated with induction of phosphorylated p73, a marker for p73 activation, and apoptosis was abrogated in target tissue obtained from p73-deficient (p73−/−) mice. Evaluation of early in vivo lesions in experimental murine GVHD disclosed identical patterns of phosphorylated p73 expression that coincided with the onset of effector T cell infiltration and target cell apoptosis within K15+ RLPs. This study is the first to suggest that paradoxical apoptosis in GVHD of physiologically protected K15+ epithelial stem cells is explainable, at least in part, by cytokine-induced activation of suicide pathways designed to eliminate stem cells after exposure to deleterious factors perceived to be harmful to the host.
Operator modeling in civil aviation

A model of the pilot-flying and the pilot-not-flying operation of a Boeing 727 aircraft is described. The modeling methodology is the operator function model (OFM), a prescriptive model that specifies nondeterministically a set of plausible operator functions and related activities given current system state and recent operator actions. As such, it provides two necessary components of a computer-based assistant: (1) the structure to represent knowledge about the system and operator activities; and (2) a mechanism to define expectations of operator activities given current system state. The model is the first step in the development of a computer-based intent inferencer, a prerequisite to an intelligent pilot aid. Using the OFM methodology, the activities of the flight crew of a normal flight segment from cruise to touchdown are presented. >
Evolving market design in zero-intelligence trader markets

The Continuous Double Auction (CDA) is one of the most popular of market-mechanisms. Previous work using genetic algorithms (GAs) for automated mechanism design by Cliff has shown that previously unexplored 'hybrid' variants of the traditional CDA can lead to preferable market dynamics. Cliff 's results were based on experiments conducted using a computational simulation of the CDA populated by electronic Zero Intelligence Plus (ZIP) traders and his work uses a GA to co-evolve the market mechanism with the ZIP agent parameters. We use a self-adaptive evolutionary strategy (ES) to explore the space of possible auction types in a CDA populated by Gode and Sunder's cognitively simple Zero Intelligence Constrained (ZI-C) traders. We show that non-standard CDAs are still preferred over traditional variants and our results provide the first demonstration that non-standard variants of the CDA can provide favorable dynamics for trading strategies other than ZIP.
A TMEM16F Point Mutation Causes an Absence of Canine Platelet TMEM16F and Ineffective Activation and Death‐Induced Phospholipid Scrambling

Background TMEM16F is an ion channel and calcium-dependent lipid scramblase that mediates phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure on the plasma membrane. Two disparate disease phenotypes are associated with TMEM16F loss-of-function mutations: a rare bleeding disorder (Scott syndrome) and skeletal malformations due to aberrant bone mineralization in a TMEM16F knockout mouse. We therefore undertook comparative studies of TMEM16F expression in canine Scott syndrome (CSS), an autosomal recessive platelet defect. Objectives To define anoctamin proteins and scramblase response of CSS platelets and to determine whether TMEM16F is the CSS disease gene. Methods CSS TMEM16F cDNA and gene were sequenced and mutation detection was performed in CSS pedigrees. Platelet fractions from CSS dogs were isolated for proteomic and immunologic characterization of TMEM16F. Annexin V was used as a flow cytometric marker of induced platelet PS externalization. Results A TMEM16F splice site mutation segregated with the CSS trait and TMEM16F protein was undetectable in CSS platelet membranes; however, a second anoctamin, TMEM16K, was found. Proteomic analyses revealed a network of 32 proteins that differentially cosegregated with platelet plasma membrane TMEM16F. CSS platelets had profoundly impaired scramblase response to pharmacologic and physiologic agents that increase intraplatelet calcium and conditions that induce apoptotic and necrotic cell death. Conclusions CSS platelets represent a TMEM16F-null mutant model that demonstrates a central role for TMEM16F in mediating platelet PS externalization in response to activating and death signals. Platelet TMEM16F may prove a novel drug target for modulating platelet procoagulant activity and extending platelet life span.
Effect of dietary sucrose and cholesterol on atherosclerosis, liver malate dehydrogenase and plasma lipoprotein lipase levels in pigeons.

Eight-week old atherosclerosis-resistant Show Racer (SR) and -susceptible White Carneau (WC) pigeons were fed one of four puri fied diets as follows: a basal (dextrin) diet (B), a basal-cholesterol diet ( BC ), a sucrose diet ( S), or a sucrose-cholesterol diet ( SC ). Blood choles terol and triglycA©ride concentrations, liver malate dehydrogenase activity (MDHA), liver cholesterol and triglycA©rideconcentrations, liver protein and total lipid levels, and plasma lipoprotein lipase activity (LPLA) were assayed and evaluated statistically to determine their relationships to dietary modification and their significance in the pathogenesis of aortic athero sclerosis. Cholesterol supplementation increased the prevalence of fatty streaking in the aortas of the WC over those of the SR, and it also increased the severity of fatty streaking in both the WC (with one exception) and SR pigeons compared to their counterparts fed diets without cholesterol. Sucrose feeding did not consistently alter the levels of blood cholesterol and triglycA©rides. The MDHA of all the SR, when expressed on the basis of g of liver protein were significantly higher than those of the WC fed the same diet except those fed the basal diet. No significant differences were found in LPLA between the two breeds fed the various diets. All tissue lipid levels were positively correlated while the liver MDHA negatively correlated with the severity of the disease. For the SR, MDHA was also negatively correlated with the prevalence of fatty streaking. A larger num ber of SR developed the disease when subjected to elevated blood triglyc A©ride levels while a larger number of WC developed the disease when subjected to elevated blood cholesterol levels. J. Nutr. 108: 944-953, 1978.
A conceptual programming environment

Conceptual programming means having programmers work directly with their models of how their system is put together. It means providing them with the means for designing, coding and maintaining systems on a computer using the pictures and text they normally use on paper. An environment for conceptual programming requires flexibility to support a wide range of languages and graphics to support languages based on pictures. The GARDEN system is a prototype conceptual programming environment that uses an object-oriented framework to meet these requirements.
The theory of integrally closed domains is not finitely axiomatizable

It is well-known that the theory of algebraically closed fields is not finitely axiomatizable. In this note, we prove that the theory of integrally closed integral domains is also not finitely axiomatizable.
Autoignition study of tetralin in a rapid compression machine at elevated pressures and low-to-intermediate temperatures

Abstract Tetralin (1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene) is a naphtheno-aromatic compound found in diesel fuels and a candidate component widely used in diesel surrogates. The fundamental understanding of the autoignition characteristics of tetralin is meager due to the lack of experimental and computational studies in the literature. Considering this, an experimental study using a rapid compression machine (RCM) has been conducted to investigate the ignition characteristics of tetralin at varying pressures from 15 bar to 50 bar, temperatures between 762 K and 950 K, and equivalence ratios of ϕ = 0.5 and 1.0. The effect of dilution on ignition delay times was also studied by varying the initial concentrations of oxygen and tetralin independently. Furthermore, the test conditions investigated in the current study were designed to provide ignition delay measurements complementary to the literature data. A comparison of the ignition delays measured from the current study with those existing in the literature demonstrated consistent trends and good agreement. Examination of the RCM pressure histories showed that while tetralin does not exhibit two-stage ignition behavior, some evidence of pre-ignition heat release was noticed at the low temperature conditions investigated in the study. Further comparison with experimentally measured ignition delays of n-butylbenzene was conducted to demonstrate the effect of molecular structure on the autoignition properties. Chemical kinetic simulations carried out to assess the performance of an available kinetic model showed this model to be significantly less reactive than the experiments. Brute force sensitivity analyses and reaction pathway analyses were further conducted at varying pressures, temperatures, and equivalence ratios to identify the controlling chemistry. Possible reasons for the poor performance of this chemical kinetic model in predicting the experimental ignition delays have been discussed based on experimental results and chemical kinetic analyses from the current study.
Syntactic complexity at multiple proficiency levels of L2 German speech

Syntactic complexity, along with accuracy and fluency, has been proposed as an essential construct in the description of second language proficiency. This study examined three dimensions of complexity using oral data from learners of German at the intermediate, advanced, and superior proficiency levels. The data were examined for complexity by subordination, complexity by coordination, and phrasal complexity. The results showed that all three complexity measures showed different patterns of use as proficiency level rises, which supports the understanding of complexity as a multi-dimensional construct. The results also showed that mean clause length was the most useful measure for distinguishing between adjacent proficiency levels.
Hardness Measurements on Anode and Cathode Mounted, Plasma Deposited Amorphous Hydrogenated Carbon

We have measured the microhardness of various amorphous hydrogenated carbon thin films that were grown on both the anode and the cathode of our plasma deposition system. We observe no difference in microhardness between films with the same optical bandgap, whether grown on the cathode or on the anode. We conclude that the ion bombardment during cathode growth does not contribute to the hardness of the films. In contrast, we observe a large variation in microhardness as a function of optical bandgap. We conclude that it is increasing hydrogen concentration, found primarily in the clusters and not in the crosslinks, that decreases the hardness of our films. Finally, we observe that the addition of nitrogen to our films does not change the microhardness; again, the hardness is primarily determined by the hydrogen concentration.
Effect of ouabain on acid secretion and electrolyte content of frog gastric mucosa.

SummaryOuabain in concentrations from 10-3 to 10-6 M inhibits acid secretion by frog gastric mucosas in vitro and at 10-4 M causes tissue Na to rise and K to fall. Increasing K concentration in the medium from 9 to 29 mM largely abolishes the inhibitory effect of 10-4 M ouabain. We conclude that at least some of the inhibitory effect is the result of alteration of intracellular electrolyte pattern.
Relief from Relief: The Tampa Sewing-Room Strike of 1937 and the Right to Welfare

In July 1937 Mabel Hagan and her co-workers in a Tampa, Florida, sewing room went on strike. The sit-down was short-lived and unsuccessful. In a week's time, the workers were back at their machines, the leaders had been fired, and the entire event quickly dis appeared from historical memory.1 In Tampa, a city with an impressive history of labor activism, strikes were common events, and this one seemed a minor skirmish. But the event was notable. The women involved were relief workers who made clothing and other items to be distributed to nonprofit organizations; their jobs had been created by the New Deal's Works Progress Administration (wpa). Although relief workers had staged other strikes across the country, very few had taken place in the South, and in 1937 Florida had yet to see one. Even rarer was a relief strike conducted by women workers. So the Tampa sit-down was intriguingly unusual. Tampa was itself unusual, one of the most ethnically diverse cities in the South. Its im migrant residents did not easily fit into the region's racial binary system. Cuban, Spanish, Italian, and Bahamian immigrants, along with native-born whites and African Americans, provided the labor to make Tampa Florida's premier industrial city. Still largely an agri cultural state, early twentieth-century Florida was beginning to show signs of its future service-sector economy. Already tourism had become a significant industry, and within a very few years the Sunshine State would seem far removed from its Old South history, as it laid the foundations for the post-1940 economic revolution that the historian Gary R. Mormino has called "Florida's Big Bang."2 So this was an unusual strike in an unusual city in an increasingly unusual "southern" state. How then can the strike have any relevance to the larger histories and historiog raphies of labor, race, gender, or region? As Christine Stansell once noted of antebellum
Comparing the Adequacy of Controlled-release and Water-soluble Fertilizers for Bedding Plant Production

Four complete water-soluble fertilizer (WSF) formulations including micro- nutrients applied at 200 mg·L L1 nitrogen (N) at each irrigation (Peters Excel (21N-2.2P- 16.5K), Daniels (10N-1.8P-2.5K), Peters Professional (15N-1.3P-20.8K), and Jack's Professional (20N-1.3P-15.7K)) were compared with two controlled-release fertilizer (CRF) products (also containing micronutrients) substrate incorporated at transplant at a rate of 3000 g·m L3 of substrate (Osmocote Plus (15N-4P-9.9K, 90 to 120 days longevity at 21 8C) and Osmocote Bloom (12N-3.1P-15K, 60 to 90 days longevity at 21 8C)) in the greenhouse production of four commonly produced bedding plant species with high alkalinity irrigation water (pH 7.1, 280 mg·L L1 CaCO3 equivalent). Species included Argyranthemum frutescens (L.) Sch. Bip. 'Madeira Cherry Red' and iron-inefficient Calibrachoa Cerv. hybrid 'Cabaret Pink Hot', Diascia barberae Hook. f. 'Wink Coral', and Sutera cordata Roth 'Abunda Giant White'. Additional treatments included a combination of 100 mg·L L1 Excel and 2100 g·m L3 Osmocote Plus and an Osmocote Plus treatment irrigated with reduced alkalinity water (acidified to pH 6.3, 92 mg·L L1 CaCO3 equivalent). Bedding plants were evaluated at the end of a finish or market stage (3 or 5 weeks depending on species) for shoot dry mass (SDM) and root dry mass (RDM), tissue nutrient concentrations, and visual quality rating (0 to 4). At 3 weeks, there were no significant differences in SDM and RDM between fertilizer treatments for any of the four species. Shoot dry mass significantly increased at 5 weeks in the WSF and combination treatments over the three CRF only treatments for Argyranthemum and over the non- acidified Osmocote Plus treatment only for Calibrachoa. At finish, 3 weeks for Sutera and Diascia and 5 weeks for Argyranthemum and Calibrachoa, visual quality rating for all species was lowest when using Osmocote Plus with or without acidified irrigation water compared with the WSF treatments, except the Daniels treatment in Argyranthemum, which also resulted in a low visual quality rating. Leaf tissue N for all species and phosphorus (P) for all except Diascia were below the recommended range for bedding plant crops in the CRF treatments, which was reflected by the lower substrate electrical conductivity (EC) for the CRF alone and combination treatments. Leaf tissue N and P were related to visual quality rating for all species, leaf tissue potassium (K) for Argyranthemum and Calibrachoa only, and leaf tissue iron (Fe) for Diascia only.
Negotiating the University Community: Lucky Jim and the Politics of Academe

In addition to its widely acknowledged place as the quintessential campus novel of the twentieth century, Kingsley Amis’s Lucky Jim (1954) illustrates the peculiar dilemmas endured by young scholars in their efforts to achieve selfhood and fnd acceptance within the larger academic community. Often characterized as an unabashedly comic novel, Lucky Jm in fact offers a moral landscape that confronts the novel’s protagonist, Jim Dixon, with a variety of ethical predicaments. For this reason, a few astute critics such as John McDermott refer to Amis as a “serious comic novelist” (1).
Dynamics in Dimension Greater Than One

Up to this point our primary focus has been on arithmetic dynamics of rational maps on ℙ1. In this chapter we take a look at dynamics in higher dimensions. Even over ℂ, although there is now a significant body of knowledge, it seems fair to say that complex dynamics on ℙ N is still in its infancy. And arithmetic dynamics in higher dimensions is at present a patchwork of results from which a general theory is yet to emerge. Our goal in this chapter is to provide a glimpse into two aspects of this developing theory by highlighting two ways in which higher-dimensional dynamics differs significantly from the one-dimensional case.
A dual-targeting approach to inhibit Brucella abortus replication in human cells

Brucella abortus is an intracellular bacterial pathogen and an etiological agent of the zoonotic disease known as brucellosis. Brucellosis can be challenging to treat with conventional antibiotic therapies and, in some cases, may develop into a debilitating and life-threatening chronic illness. We used multiple independent assays of in vitro metabolism and intracellular replication to screen a library of 480 known bioactive compounds for novel B. abortus anti-infectives. Eighteen non-cytotoxic compounds specifically inhibited B. abortus replication in the intracellular niche, which suggests these molecules function by targeting host cell processes. Twenty-six compounds inhibited B. abortus metabolism in axenic culture, thirteen of which are non-cytotoxic to human host cells and attenuate B. abortus replication in the intracellular niche. The most potent non-cytotoxic inhibitors of intracellular replication reduce B. abortus metabolism in axenic culture and perturb features of mammalian cellular biology including mitochondrial function and receptor tyrosine kinase signaling. The efficacy of these molecules as inhibitors of B. abortus replication in the intracellular niche suggests “dual-target” compounds that coordinately perturb host and pathogen are promising candidates for development of improved therapeutics for intracellular infections.
Optoacoustic measurements of human placenta and umbilical blood oxygenation

Adequate oxygenation is essential for normal embryogenesis and fetal growth. Perturbations in the intrauterine oxidative environment during pregnancy are associated with several pathophysiological disorders such as pregnancy loss, preeclampsia, and intrauterine growth restriction. We proposed to use optoacoustic technology for monitoring placental and fetal umbilical blood oxygenation. In this work, we studied optoacoustic monitoring of oxygenation in placenta and umbilical cord blood ex vivo using technique of placenta perfusion. We used a medical grade, nearinfrared, tunable, optoacoustic system developed and built for oxygenation monitoring in blood vessels and in tissues. First, we calibrated the system for cord blood oxygenation measurements by using a CO-Oximeter (gold standard). Then we performed validation in cord blood circulating through the catheters localized on the fetal side of an isolated placental lobule. Finally, the oxygenation measurements were performed in the perfused placental tissue. To increase or decrease blood oxygenation, we used infusion of a gas mixture of 95% O 2 + 5% CO 2 and 95% N 2 + 5% CO 2 , respectively. In placental tissue, up to four cycles of changes in oxygenation were performed. The optoacoustically measured oxygenation in circulating cord blood and in placental lobule closely correlated with the actual oxygenation data measured by CO-Oximeter. We plan to further test the placental and cord blood oxygenation monitoring with optoacoustics in animal and clinical studies.
Meta-analysis: Overview

The term ‘meta-analysis,’ coined in the 1970s, describes the quantitative review of a number of different studies of the same phenomenon. The specific goals of meta-analysis include the estimation of an overall effect across the different studies; the use of multiple studies to enable a more powerful test of the statistical significance of the effect; and identification of covariates affecting the estimated effect in different studies. Amongst the difficulties in using Meta Analysis are problems of heterogeneity due to combining unlike studies; and systematic problems due to ‘publication bias’ or poor quality of studies.
Deep Brain Stimulation: Inducing Self-Estrangement

Despite growing evidence that a significant number of patients living with Parkison’s disease experience neuropsychiatric changes following Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) treatment, the phenomenon remains poorly understood and largely unexplored in the literature. To shed new light on this phenomenon, we used qualitative methods grounded in phenomenology to conduct in-depth, semi-structured interviews with 17 patients living with Parkinson’s Disease who had undergone DBS. Our study found that patients appear to experience postoperative DBS-induced changes in the form of self-estrangement. Using the insights from patients’ subjective perceptions of postoperative self-change provides a potent explanation of potential DBS-induced self-estrangement.
Comprehensive microRNA-sequencing of exosomes derived from head and neck carcinoma cells in vitro reveals common secretion profiles and potential utility as salivary biomarkers.

// Scott Langevin 1 , Damaris Kuhnell 1 , Tess Parry 2 , Jacek Biesiada 1 , Shouxiong Huang 1 , Trisha Wise-Draper 3 , Keith Casper 4 , Xiang Zhang 1 , Mario Medvedovic 1 and Susan Kasper 1 1 Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA 2 Physical and Computational Sciences Department, Bethany College, Bethany, WV, USA 3 Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA 4 Department of Otolaryngology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA Correspondence to: Scott Langevin, email: langevst@uc.edu Keywords: HNSCC, microvesicles, extracellular vesicles, miRNA, liquid biopsy Received: August 29, 2016 Accepted: June 29, 2017 Published: July 27, 2017 ABSTRACT Exosomes are nano-scale, membrane encapsulated vesicles that are released by cells into the extracellular space and function as intercellular signaling vectors through horizontal transfer of biologic molecules, including microRNA (miRNA). There is evidence that cancer-derived exosomes enable the tumor to manipulate its microenvironment, thus contributing to the capacity of the tumor for immune evasion, growth, invasion, and metastatic spread. The objective of this study was to characterize differential secretion of exosomal miRNA by head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and identify a set of candidate biomarkers that could be detected in non-invasive saliva samples. We isolated exosomes from conditioned media from 4 HNSCC cell lines and oral epithelial control cells and applied miRNA-sequencing to comprehensively characterize their miRNA cargo and compare transcript levels of each HNSCC cell line to that of oral epithelial control cells. A candidate set of miRNA differentially secreted by all 4 HNSCC cell lines was further evaluated in saliva collected from HNSCC patients and healthy controls. We observed extensive differences in exosomal miRNA content between HNSCC cells when compared to normal oral epithelial control cells, with a high degree of overlap in exosomal miRNA profiles between the 4 distinct HNSCC cell lines. Importantly, several of the exosomal miRNA secreted solely by cancer cells in culture were detected at substantially elevated levels in saliva from HNSCC patients relative to saliva from healthy controls. These findings provide important insight into tumor biology and yields a promising set of candidate HNSCC biomarkers for use with non-invasive saliva samples.
Saturation of the anisoplanatic error in horizontal imaging scenarios

We evaluate the piston-removed anisoplanatic error for smaller apertures imaging over long horizontal paths. Previous works have shown that the piston and tilt compensated anisoplanatic error saturates to values less than one squared radian. Under these conditions the definition of the isoplanatic angle is unclear. These works focused on nadir pointing telescope systems with aperture sizes between five meters and one half meter. We directly extend this work to horizontal imaging scenarios with aperture sizes smaller than one half meter. We assume turbulence is constant along the imaging path and that the ratio of the aperture size to the atmospheric coherence length is on the order of unity.
On Groundwater: Invisible Architectural Environments

The advent of the Anthropocene influenced a new groundwater environment. Agricultural irrigation and urbanization dramatically shifted groundwater patterns globally. Climate change will amplify the...
A hybrid genetic algorithm for network intrusion detection

Featurel selection is common in prediction tasks because it helps in reducing computation time as well as dimensionality of the data. A hybrid filter wrapper approach has been presented in this paper to detect network intrusion attacks using the genetic algorithm. The genetic algorithm is a popular search algorithm with wide applications in optimization problems like the TSP problem. One of the biggest advantages of the genetic algorithm is its continuous evolution towards better solutions. However, it does take a greedy approach, evaluating its strength against a fitness function, making it vulnerable to local optima. A certain amount of randomness at each generation can help us overcome this problem. In Network Intrusion Detection systems, the number of attacks is sometimes far less than the false alarm rate, causing the real attacks to be ignored. To overcome this problem, we propose an objective function which not only rewards higher score for higher accuracy, but also heavily penalizes false positives. Features are initially selected based on information gain and each feature is weighted differently based on domain knowledge, and then the selected subset of features is scored based on accuracy with higher penalty for false positives. In addition, crossover and mutation is carried out to allow for sufficient randomness in feature selection and avoid overfitting. Sample experimentation on the UNSW-NB15 dataset show that our approach performs much better compared to traditional methods and other state-of-the-art intrusion detection classification algorithms.
A sibling method for identifying vQTLs

The propensity of a trait to vary within a population may have evolutionary, ecological, or clinical significance. In the present study we deploy sibling models to offer a novel and unbiased way to ascertain loci associated with the extent to which phenotypes vary (variance-controlling quantitative trait loci, or vQTLs). Previous methods for vQTL-mapping either exclude genetically related individuals or treat genetic relatedness among individuals as a complicating factor addressed by adjusting estimates for non-independence in phenotypes. The present method uses genetic relatedness as a tool to obtain unbiased estimates of variance effects rather than as a nuisance. The family-based approach, which utilizes random variation between siblings in minor allele counts at a locus, also allows controls for parental genotype, mean effects, and non-linear (dominance) effects that may spuriously appear to generate variation. Simulations show that the approach performs equally well as two existing methods (squared Z-score and DGLM) in controlling type I error rates when there is no unobserved confounding, and performs significantly better than these methods in the presence of small degrees of confounding. Using height and BMI as empirical applications, we investigate SNPs that alter within-family variation in height and BMI, as well as pathways that appear to be enriched. One significant SNP for BMI variability, in the MAST4 gene, replicated. Pathway analysis revealed one gene set, encoding members of several signaling pathways related to gap junction function, which appears significantly enriched for associations with within-family height variation in both datasets (while not enriched in analysis of mean levels). We recommend approximating laboratory random assignment of genotype using family data and more careful attention to the possible conflation of mean and variance effects.
Resolving Intractable Conflicts Through Third-Party Facilitation: A 14-Year Study:

Intractable conflicts between two individuals within an organization can be particularly detrimental, exerting ripple effects that affect other individuals, entire units, or the organization as a w...
T-cell surface antigens in a patient with blast crisis of chronic myeloid leukemia

There is little evidence to suggest that T lymphocytes are involved in the leukemic process in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). A case of CML in blast phase is described in which T-cell surface antigens were detected by immunofluorescence on the patient's blasts using monoclonal antibodies. In order to determine that the T-cell blasts were derived from the original CML clone, cells bearing the T3 antigen were isolated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting and chromosome analysis was performed. All metaphases examined had the Philadelphia chromosome, confirming their origin from CML.
Graduate student satisfaction with an online discrete mathematics course

Student satisfaction with distance learning is impacted by a variety of factors, including interaction with the instructor and the structure of the course. We describe our experiences teaching discrete mathematics to graduate students using both a traditional classroom setting and two different types of distance learning formats. We then compare student evaluations between the traditional and distance-learning courses to determine if student satisfaction was affected by the course format.
From Medical Images to the Biometrics of Form

Within biometrics there is a subfield, morphometrics, for analyzing the geometric forms of organisms. Throughout biology and medicine it is useful to know; whether two samples of organs or organisms have the same typical form, and, should they differ, to describe their differences; to indicate the shape changes involved in a cycle such as respiration or heartbeat, or accompanying growth over a lifespan; and to characterize the typical deformation that is a deformity or disease, and its response to therapeutic intervention.