cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Partial smoothing splines for noisy +boundaries with corners

Investigates the estimation of 2-D boundary functions from sampled data sets where both noise and corners are present. The approach is based on the partial smoothing spline in which the estimated boundary function consists of an ordinary smoothing spline and a parametric function that describes the discontinuities (i.e., corners of the boundary). Prior knowledge about the boundary, such as the number of corners, their locations, noise levels, and the amount of smoothness, is not required for the boundary estimate. The smoothing parameter and the corner locations of the spline, which are parts of the estimate, are determined by the generalized cross-validation method whereby statistical properties are gathered from the input sampled data rather than specified a priori. This approach enables the smoothing of a noisy boundary while retaining an accurate description of the boundary corners. Extensive experiments were conducted to verify its ability to smooth noise while retaining a good representation of boundary corners, and do not rely on any prior information. >
Group Methods for Reducing Racial Prejudice and Discrimination

To compare the efficacy of various group methods in reducing racial prejudice, black and white high school students were assigned to a no-treatment control group and to four experimental groups (n = 5 per group): game-playing, school-issues discussion, racial discussion, and racial role-playing. After six sessions, all experimental groups reduced their verbal prejudice on the factor Respect of the Behavioral Differential, the game-playing group increased their interracial behavioral interactions, and the racial discussion and racial role-playing groups increased their interracial choices of project partners. The implications of these results, although in need of cross-validation, for various theories of the origin and treatment of prejudice were discussed.
Stimulus Generalization of An Instrumental Response Learned under Distributed Practice

in confounding stimulus generalization and the generalization of extinction effects. Grant and Schiller (1953) emphasized the importance of investigating the magnitude of the response during the first test trial after training in order to minimize the effeccs of discrimination training. The importance of measuring generalization of excitation in the early extinction runs in order to avoid interfering effects of inhibition was also recently discussed by Heyman (1957). The purpose of chis study was co repeat the investigation reported by Grice and Saltz, except for the utilization of distributed rather than massed acquisition trials and alteration in appararus, procedure, and measurements taken. METHOD Sabjec~s.-Ss were 160 experimentally naive male albino rats purchased from the Albino Farm at Red Bank, New Jersey. Their ages ranged from 70 to 100 days at the beginning of experimentation. Each S was assigned at random to one of the eight groups, subject to the restriction that each group contain 20 Ss. Diet during the experiment consisted of 8 gm. of Purina Dog Chow Checkers administered daily in individual cages after each experimental session. For a period of 1 wk. prior to the beginning of the experiment, Ss were adapted to a 24-hr. deprivation schedule, using 10 gm. of food.
Quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical/continuum style solvation model: linear response theory, variational treatment, and nuclear gradients.

Linear response and variational treatment are formulated for Hartree–Fock (HF) and Kohn–Sham density functional theory (DFT) methods and combined discrete-continuum solvation models that incorporate self-consistently induced dipoles and charges. Due to the variational treatment, analytic nuclear gradients can be evaluated efficiently for these discrete and continuum solvation models. The forces and torques on the induced point dipoles and point charges can be evaluated using simple electrostatic formulas as for permanent point dipoles and point charges, in accordance with the electrostatic nature of these methods. Implementation and tests using the effective fragment potential (EFP, a polarizable force field) method and the conductorlike polarizable continuum model (CPCM) show that the nuclear gradients are as accurate as those in the gas phase HF and DFT methods. Using B3LYP/EFP/CPCM and time-dependent-B3LYP/EFP/CPCM methods, acetone S0→S1 excitation in aqueous solution is studied. The results are close ...
Postoptimality analysis in zero‐one programming by implicit enumeration

The procedures for postoptimality analysis that are so much a part of linear programming studies have no simple counterparts in an integer programming context. In the case of Balas' Additive Algorithm, however, it would appear that the capacity of the technique to facilitate certain types of postoptimality analysis has not been fully exploited. This paper proposes an extension of the additive algorithm that utilizes insights generated while solving the original problem to do subsequent analysis upon it. In particular, procedures are developed for doing limited parameter ranging and for seeking new optima in light of parameter changes.
Early Aggressive Nutrition in the Neonate

1. Patti J. Thureen, MD* 1. 2. *Associate Professor, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO. After completing this article, readers should be able to: 1. Describe the possible long-term effects of suboptimal nutrition in preterm infants and critically ill term neonates. 2. Explain why the current standard for postnatal nutrition in preterm infants may not be adequate for postnatal growth. 3. List the the lower limit at which to start intravenous protein delivery in very low-birthweight infants. 4. Characterize the commonly used definition for minimal enteral nutrition. 5. List the advantages of minimal enteral nutrition compared with exclusive total parenteral nutrition for the neonate. Nutritional practices vary dramatically among neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) in the United States. In many institutions, nutrition is introduced only gradually over the first weeks of life because of concerns of nutrient intolerance by the very preterm or ill infant who is fed intravenously and the risk of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in preterm infants who are fed enterally. Often this period of nutritional deficiency is accepted as inevitable in this population. However, such a strategy of cautious nutrition might lead to a period of early malnutrition from which the neonate has a prolonged recovery and may have long-term adverse consequences. In many neonates this period of early nutritional deprivation need not be inescapable. Many neonatologists will consider the early feeding strategies for the NICU population suggested in this article to be somewhat aggressive. The premise for these recommendations for extremely low-birthweight (ELBW) infants is that avoiding early malnutrition has both short- and long-term benefits for the neonate. This strategy involves initiating total parenteral nutrition (TPN) in the first hours after birth and administering it in conjunction with initially small, and then advancing, enteral feedings beginning on the first or second day of life. Use of TPN is a means to achieve rapid, maximal nutrition, and early enteral feedings are designed to prime the gut and …
Microwave-assisted Functionalization of Poly(ethylene glycol) and On-resin Peptides for Use in Chain Polymerizations and Hydrogel Formation

One of the main benefits to using poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) macromers in hydrogel formation is synthetic versatility. The ability to draw from a large variety of PEG molecular weights and configurations (arm number, arm length, and branching pattern) affords researchers tight control over resulting hydrogel structures and properties, including Young’s modulus and mesh size. This video will illustrate a rapid, efficient, solvent-free, microwave-assisted method to methacrylate PEG precursors into poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate (PEGDM). This synthetic method provides much-needed starting materials for applications in drug delivery and regenerative medicine. The demonstrated method is superior to traditional methacrylation methods as it is significantly faster and simpler, as well as more economical and environmentally friendly, using smaller amounts of reagents and solvents. We will also demonstrate an adaptation of this technique for on-resin methacrylamide functionalization of peptides. This on-resin method allows the N-terminus of peptides to be functionalized with methacrylamide groups prior to deprotection and cleavage from resin. This allows for selective addition of methacrylamide groups to the N-termini of the peptides while amino acids with reactive side groups (e.g. primary amine of lysine, primary alcohol of serine, secondary alcohols of threonine, and phenol of tyrosine) remain protected, preventing functionalization at multiple sites. This article will detail common analytical methods (proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy (;H-NMR) and Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time of Flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-ToF)) to assess the efficiency of the functionalizations. Common pitfalls and suggested troubleshooting methods will be addressed, as will modifications of the technique which can be used to further tune macromer functionality and resulting hydrogel physical and chemical properties. Use of synthesized products for the formation of hydrogels for drug delivery and cell-material interaction studies will be demonstrated, with particular attention paid to modifying hydrogel composition to affect mesh size, controlling hydrogel stiffness and drug release.
Compliance requirements for non-rebounding impact in legged locomotion

An energetic approach for analysis of the impact problem in three dimensional multi-legged robot locomotion is hereby presented. The goal is to combine rigid and deformable body approaches which come together naturally in a work-energy framework. The proposed hybrid approach can predict both rebound and non-rebound for an energetic coefficient of restitution greater than zero. Zero tangential velocity in the impacting end effectors can be also predicted, a condition known as sticking. The paper presents a method for determining whether the level of compliance in the system at a given configuration is adequate to insure a no-slip, no-rebound impact
Interference suppression for GPS coarse/acquisition signals using antenna array

This paper considers the problem of interference suppression in GPS coarse/acquisition (C/A) signals. Particularly, an anti-jam receiver is developed, utilizing the unique repetitive feature of the GPS C/A-signal. The proposed receiver does not require the knowledge of the transmitted GPS symbols or the satellite positions. It utilizes the repetition of the Gold code within each navigation symbol to simultaneously suppress the interference of all satellites.
Ten years on: a longitudinal study of families of children with autism

This paper reports the results of a longitudinal, ethnographic study of the psychosocial adaptation of parents of children with autism. The results indicate that most parents have experienced improvements in terms of their own psychological well-being, the social experiences of their immediate family members and their relations with members of their extended family. They also reported changes to the stressful situations they experience and their strategies for coping with them. Stigmatizing reactions of non-family members have also declined. The results were less favorable in the cases of families with aggressive and/or violent children. The parents in these families experienced high levels of stress and had few resources in terms of treatment or residential placement to deal with their situation.
Comparison of Tracheal Histopathology and Scanning Electron Microscopy of Infectious Laryngotracheitis

Abstract Samples of trachea were examined with light microscope, fluorescent microscope, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Negative controls and infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) positive samples were compared. Histopathology illustrated lesions characteristic of ILT. Lesions seen with SEM suggested surface changes including ciliary disruption, luminal debris, epithelial slough, crevices, hemorrhage and exudate. Fluorescence was noted in infected tracheas throughout both trials using fluorescent antibody (FA) technique.
Soft X-Ray Photoemission Measurement of Schottky Barrier Formation at the Pd-Si Interface

The binding energy of the bulk Si 2p levels observed with soft X-ray photoemission can be used to monitor the band bending in the silicon space charge region when a metal is deposited onto the silicon surface. Changes in the 2p binding energy with metal coverage can then be used to determine the change in the Schottky barrier height as the metal-silicon contact is formed. By tuning the photon energy and therefore the photoemitted electron escape depth, chemical shifts (atomic environment effects) at the interface can be separated from the bulk band bending effects. When combined with annealing to produce in-depth atomic intermixing, the result may reveal information on the distribution of metal atoms at the interface and its effect on the barrier height. Measurements of the Schottky barrier height change as a function of palladium deposition were made on (2 × 1) p-type and (7 × 7) n-type Si(111) surfaces by monitoring Si 2p core level shifts in a bulk sensitive mode. The barrier height change reached 1/e of its final value at a palladium coverage of 2.9 A. Several experiments have made it possible to relate the measured Si 2p core level monitor of band bending to absolute Schottky barrier heights in a fully consistent fashion. Therefore, these results provide a means to measure the barrier height in the initial stages of Schottky barrier formation (i.e. at low metal coverage) and to compare these observations with the chemical behavior of the interface at low coverage and with electrical measurements on bulk contacts. Since the Pd/Si Schottky barrier height is established at the bulk value within a coverage of 3–5 A (even before the overlayer is metallic), the role of interface chemical bonds in determining the barrier height is paramount.
Egg freezing and egg banking: empowerment and alienation in assisted reproduction

With the development of rapid freezing of human oocytes, many programs have reported IVF success rates comparable to those achieved with fresh eggs and thawed frozen embryos. Egg freezing is now gaining professional and regulatory acceptance as a safe and effective technique for women who wish to avoid discarding excess embryos, who face fertility-threatening medical treatments, or who want to preserve their eggs for use when they are better situated to have a family. This article focuses on the uses of and justification for egg freezing, the path to professional acceptance, the variability in success rates, and the controversy over freezing eggs for social rather than medical reasons. It also addresses the emergence of egg banking as a separate sector in the infertility industry, the regulatory issues that it poses, and its effect on egg donation. Key here is the legal control of stored eggs by banking women and their options when they wish to dispose of those eggs. The analysis is framed around empowerment and alienation. Egg freezing is generally empowering for women, but the donation or sale of unused eggs to infertile women, egg bankers, and researchers also raises issues of alienation.
Intelligent computation of reachability sets for space missions

This paper introduces a new technique for intelligently exploring the reachability set of a spacecraft: the set of trajectories from a given initial condition that are possible under a specified range of control actions. The high dimension of this problem and the nonlinear nature of gravitational interactions make the geometry of these sets complicated, hard to compute, and all but impossible to visualize. Currently, exploration of a problem's state space is done heuristically, based on previously identified solutions. This potentially misses out on improved mission design solutions that are not close to previous approaches. The goal of the work described here is to map out reachability sets automatically. This would not only aid human mission planners, but also allow a spacecraft to determine its own course without input from Earth-based controllers. Brute-force approaches to this are computationally prohibitive, so one must focus the effort on regions that are of interest: where neighboring trajectories diverge quickly, for instance, or come close to a body that the spacecraft is orbiting. In this paper, we focus on the first of those two criteria; the goal is to identify regions in the system's state space where small changes have large effects-- or vice versa--and concentrate the computational mesh accordingly.
The invariances of power law size distributions

Size varies. Small things are typically more frequent than large things. The logarithm of frequency often declines linearly with the logarithm of size. That power law relation forms one of the common patterns of nature. Why does the complexity of nature reduce to such a simple pattern? Why do things as different as tree size and enzyme rate follow similarly simple patterns? Here I analyze such patterns by their invariant properties. For example, a common pattern should not change when adding a constant value to all observations. That shift is essentially the renumbering of the points on a ruler without changing the metric information provided by the ruler. A ruler is shift invariant only when its scale is properly calibrated to the pattern being measured. Stretch invariance corresponds to the conservation of the total amount of something, such as the total biomass and consequently the average size. Rotational invariance corresponds to pattern that does not depend on the order in which underlying processes occur, for example, a scale that additively combines the component processes leading to observed values. I use tree size as an example to illustrate how the key invariances shape pattern. A simple interpretation of common pattern follows. That simple interpretation connects the normal distribution to a wide variety of other common patterns through the transformations of scale set by the fundamental invariances.
Corroborating Facts from Affirmative Statements

Web sources often provide different and even conflicting information. Simple voting-based strategies have already shown limitations at identifying the correct answer to a user query with the presence of unreliable sources. In order to identify the correct answer, corroboration techniques have been proposed and proved to be effective for such tasks. In this paper, we investigate the corroboration problem in which most or all facts have only affirmative statements from sources. A fact is either true or false, and an affirmative statement from a source indicates its support for a fact being true. Unfortunately, state-of-the-art corroboration techniques rely on conflicting information to differentiate the trustworthiness of the sources and we demonstrate their limitations in our scenario. Different from existing techniques that consider a single trust score for each source, we propose a novel algorithm that utilizes a multi-value trust score toward different subsets of facts. By considering the information entropy of the unknown facts, our algorithm incrementally evaluates facts and updates the estimates on the trust scores for the sources. We conduct experiments using both synthetic and real-world datasets and demonstrate that our algorithm significantly outperforms existing approaches in precision and accuracy.
Life Threatening Severe QTc Prolongation in Patient with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus due to Hydroxychloroquine

We present a case of a syncopal episode resulting from significant QT interval prolongation in a patient on hydroxychloroquine for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus and end stage renal disease. The patient had been treated with hydroxychloroquine for two years prior to presentation. After thorough workup for secondary causes of QT interval prolongation hydroxychloroquine was discontinued and the patient's QT interval shortened. The patient was treated with mexiletine to prevent sudden ventricular arrhythmias, which was unique compared to other documented cases in which lidocaine was used. The patient was noted to have mild prolongation of the QT interval on electrocardiogram prior to initiation of hydroxychloroquine therapy which was exacerbated by its use and may have been caused due to toxicity from underlying renal failure.
Circulating MicroRNAs as Biomarkers

During the two last decades, the profiling of miRNAs as biomarkers or prognostic factors in disease has become increasingly popular, as changes in tissue miRNA expression appear to manifest in the circulation. The ability to profile circulating miRNAs provides a noninvasive tool for investigating disease-specific miRNAs as novel biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic response in the blood. This chapter discusses circulating miRNAs, found in plasma, serum, and a host of other body fluids, as biomarkers and, possibly, as critical regulators of tissue remodeling and repair.
Kinetics of the Change in Droplet Size during Nanoemulsion Formation

The evolution of droplet size during nanoemulsion formation is critical for the rational design of nanoemulsions in areas such as drug delivery and materials synthesis. In this article, we discuss the relative importance of various time scales involved in nanoemulsion formation and propose a population balance model for droplet breakup that takes into account the droplet’s internal viscosity. The proposed model gives a qualitative agreement between average droplet size and polydispersity data for nanoemulsions prepared by high-pressure homogenization and ultrasonication. On the basis of these modeling results, we propose a correlation to obtain a parity plot for the droplet size data. We show that our model and correlation also work well with data from the existing literature. The proposed model and correlation can be used to guide future population balance studies and experimental preparation of nanoemulsions.
Barriers, Challenges, and Decision-Making in the Letter Writing Process for Gender Transition

This article addresses the challenges that clinicians face in writing letters of support for transgender and gender-diverse clients. It addresses common but challenging clinical representations to help the reader understand the nuances associated with writing letters. Three cases are presented. The first addresses systemic challenges, the second addresses management of care, and the third addresses co-occurring mental health concerns. Recommendations for practice are provided based on the experiences included within the 3 case examples.
Enabling a Nationwide Radio Frequency Inventory Using the Spectrum Observatory

Knowledge about active radio transmitters is critical for multiple applications: spectrum regulators can use this information to assign spectrum, licensees can identify spectrum usage patterns and provision their future needs, and dynamic spectrum access applications can efficiently pick operating frequency. To achieve these goals, we need a system that continuously senses and characterizes the radio spectrum. Current measurement systems, however, do not scale over time, frequency and space and cannot perform transmitter detection. We address these challenges with the Spectrum Observatory , an end-to-end system for spectrum measurement and characterization. This paper details the design and integration of the Spectrum Observatory, and describes and evaluates the first unsupervised method for detailed characterization of arbitrary transmitters called TxMiner . We evaluate TxMiner on real-world spectrum measurements collected by the Spectrum Observatory between 30 MHz and 6 GHz and show that it identifies transmitters robustly. Furthermore, we demonstrate the Spectrum Observatory’s capabilities to map the number of active transmitters and their frequency and temporal characteristics, to detect rogue transmitters, and identify opportunities for dynamic spectrum access.
Ultrasound-Guided Lumpectomy

Ultrasound-guided lumpectomy is performed as an alternative to needle-localized lumpectomy. It is used to remove core biopsy positive malignant lesions or lesions of uncertain malignant potential that are visible on preoperative surgeon performed ultrasound. This chapter lists the indications, essential steps, common technical variations, and complications of the procedure. A detailed template operative dictation note is included.
Process Resilience Analysis Framework (PRAF): A systems approach for improved risk and safety management

Abstract Risk management challenges and continuous increase of global public aversion to hazards and risks associated with the process industry have been observed in the recent years. In order to manage process industry risk, several studies and methods have been developed and are currently used. The authors believe that two types of interacting factors: 1) technical (equipment malfunction, process parameter variation), and 2) social (regulations/policy, human and organizational factors) are important in assessment of risk for a process system. However, current methods are based on analysis of either technical factors, often quantitatively, or social factors, usually qualitatively. Apart from failure to establish all critical scenarios due to either factors, their combined and interactive effects are seldom considered. This research need calls for the development of a holistic and integrated systems framework for effective risk management, although full coverage of possible mishaps will be utopian. The application of the resilience engineering perspective is gradually being explored as an approach for considering the dynamics of socio-technical aspects based on systems theory to provide a safety net. This paper presents a novel framework - Process Resilience Analysis Framework (PRAF) for incorporating both technical and social factors in an integrated approach. This is based on four aspects: Early Detection (ED), Error Tolerant Design (ETD), Plasticity (P) and Recoverability (R). The resilience methodology emphasizes dynamics, unforeseen and even unknown types of threats, uncertainty, systems degradation and complex interactions. With resilience metrics a combined framework for predictability, survivability and recoverability, all via dynamic analysis, is introduced. PRAF primarily focuses on early detection of unsafe domains of operation, assessment of aggregate risks and prioritization of safety barriers during process upset situations and reduction in response time resulting in a reduced frequency of loss of containment events (LoC), reduced consequences and enhanced recovery. The paper describes the concepts and principles of the PRAF as a first step.
Contextual awareness: Understanding monologic natural language instructions for autonomous robots

Today, there are many examples of humans and robots regularly interacting in a variety of domains, such as manufacturing, coordinated assembly, and rehabilitation. A resulting demand for more generally accessible communication interfaces has motivated several recent independent research efforts focused on providing robotic systems with a robust natural language interface. Natural language interfaces enable intuitive interaction for untrained and non-expert users. However, achieving real-time performance is particularly challenging, yet essential, to enable flexible, efficient communication. The length of the language input directly impacts the run-time performance and quickly becomes a practical issue when the input is a sequence of multiple sentences, or a monologue. In this work, we propose a variant of a contemporary probabilistic graphical model for language understanding that introduces novel segmentation of the input into a sequence of sentences to be labeled in order. We introduce the notion of a continuously updated prior context that retains the meaning of previous sentences as the inference process proceeds. This prior context serves as evidence during future sentence evaluations. We evaluate our model on two natural language corpora, and demonstrate its utility on a Clearpath Husky A200 mobile manipulator and a simulated Rethink Robotics Baxter Robot.
Valvular Heart Disease in Women, Differential Remodeling, and Response to New Therapies

In the United States, valvular heart disease (VHD) has a prevalence of 2.5%, most commonly presenting as aortic stenosis (AS) or mitral valve regurgitation (MR) and increasingly observed to be of a degenerative etiology. Women frequently have latent symptoms despite significant disease, and it is therefore pertinent to consider both clinical symptoms and imaging findings for decision-making on treatment. Indeed, significant advances have been made in noninvasive imaging allowing for more accurate diagnosis and disease prognostication. While echo remains the standard diagnostic test, multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provide complementary information on aortic valve calcification and left ventricular (LV) function, respectively. For any given calcification load or increase in calcification density of the aortic valve, women have greater increase in aortic valve stenosis severity than men; thus, moderate AS in women warrants closer attention. MRI allows identification of different patterns of hypertrophy and remodeling, extent of LV fibrosis, and insights into differential reverse remodeling and clinical outcomes in men and women. In conjunction with surgical treatment, percutaneous technologies are being increasingly used in the management of VHD. Nearly 50% of patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) are women. In high- or intermediate-risk subjects with significant symptomatic AS, TAVR has been shown to be noninferior to surgical AVR (SAVR). Notably, whereas both treatment strategies are equally effective in men, transfemoral TAVR has been shown to be superior to SAVR resulting in better survival in women. Analogously, few data have examined sex differences with percutaneous MitraClip devices in the treatment of degenerative MR, and men and women appear to have equivalent composite outcomes. Randomized clinical trial data are presently awaited for outcomes in the percutaneous treatment of functional MR secondary to ischemic heart disease. This review discusses the current evidence in the diagnosis and treatment of VHD with a focus on sex differences in left-sided VHD and management in women.
Code-Scaffolding: A Pedagogic Code-Switching Technique for Bilingual Content Instruction:

This article addresses the value of code-switching during bilingual content instruction. The linguistic data were collected during a larger ethnography of communication case study of the language p...
Abstract 12090: Seattle Heart Failure Model and Seattle Proportional Risk Model Together Identify Patients Most Likely to Benefit From Primary Prevention ICDs - An NCDR Analysis

Introduction: Risk models are greatly needed to target appropriate patients for implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) in clinical practice for primary prevention of sudden death. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that the Seattle Heart Failure Model (SHFM) for overall survival and the Seattle Proportional Risk Model (SPRM) for proportional risk of arrhythmic death (AD) would identify National Cardiovascular Data Registry (NCDR) ICD Registry patients most likely to have improved survival with versus without an ICD. Methods: SHFM and SPRM scores were determined for patients with and without ICDs (ICD Registry versus a control group derived from the University of Washington Registry, Italian Heart Failure Registry, Swedish Heart Failure Registry, COMET, Val-HeFT, and PRAISE trials). Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression was used to evaluate adjusted associations of SPRM and SHFM with survival over 5 years from the Social Security Death Index. Results: Among 98,846 patients (87,914 with ICDs and 10,932 without ICDs), increasing SFHM risk was strongly associated with decreased survival (P mean, SPRM > mean) was greatly improved versus controls (HR 0.599, 95% CI 0.530-0.677, P Conclusions: The SHFM and SPRM scores together identify real-world patients most likely to benefit from primary prevention ICD implantation.
Evaluation of Route Changes Utilizing High-Resolution GPS Bus Transit Data

This study applies high-resolution archived transit data to study the effect of roadway changes using data collected before and after the completion of a project affecting transit. Methodologies ar...
How to Make Envy Vanish Over Time

We study the dynamic fair division of indivisible goods. Suppose T items arrive online and must be allocated upon arrival to one of n agents, each of whom has a value in [0,1] for the current item. Our goal is to design allocation algorithms that minimize the maximum envy at time T , ENVYT, defined as the maximum difference between any agent's overall value for items allocated to another agent and to herself. We say that an algorithm has vanishing envy if the ratio of envy over time, ENVYT/T, goes to zero as T goes to infinity. We design a polynomial-time, deterministic algorithm that achieves ENVYT in ~O ( √T/n ), and show that this guarantee is asymptotically optimal. We also derive tight (in T ) bounds for a more general setting where items arrive in batches.
Blast performance of sandwich composites with functionally graded core

Sandwich structures have important applications in the naval and aerospace industry, especially when they are subjected to high-intensity impulse loadings such as air blasts. During this event, the core materials play a vital role in the dynamic behavior of the sandwich structure. Since the material properties of a functionally graded/layered core can be designed and controlled, they show great potential to be an effective core design for absorbing the blast energy and improving the overall blast response of the sandwich structure. In this paper, an experimental investigation focuses on the blast resistance of sandwich composites with a functionally graded foam core subjected to shock wave loading. Four types of sandwich composites with a foam core graded/layered based on monotonically increasing the core layer wave impedance, while varying the number of core layers, have been studied. The experimental results show that monotonically increasing the core layer wave impedance while increasing the number of core layers, greatly reduces the wave impedance mismatch between consecutive layers and improves the overall blast resistance of the structure.
Psychosomatic self-regulation of migraine headaches.

A historical perspective regarding research and treatment of the migraine syndrome and the studies in animals and humans relating to control of the autonomic nervous system is given. Pilot experience with 75 subjects is presented, and a detailed clinical account of one successful subject with pertinent research records in given. Reference is made to the implications of this clinical research to psychosomatic medicine.
Orbital Radiotherapy: An Update

Targeted orbital supervoltage radiation for Graves’ ophthalmopathy was begun in an attempt to deliver local therapy to sensitized lymphocytes believed responsible for the retroorbital autoimmune response (1). The lack of a satisfactory alternative therapy was the motivation for the use of radiotherapy at the time, a situation that has unfortunately improved only marginally over the past 25 years (2). A recent survey of members of the European Thyroid Association found that 23% of respondents would use orbital irradiation either alone or in combination with corticosteroids in severe ophthalmopathy, and nearly 50% of respondents would do so when considering rapidly progressing ophthalmopathy (3).
A PSYCHOLINGUISTIC PERSPECTIVE ON PHONOLOGICAL SEGMENTATION IN SIGN AND SPEECH

Publisher Summary Within the phonological literature on ASL, there are at least three competing proposals as to the fundamental segment types in that language: (1) movements (M) and holds (H), (2) movements and locations (L), and (3) movements and positions (P). This chapter presents several differences between the primary language modalities that might affect the types of phonological representations found in signed versus spoken languages. Resolution of whether phonological constructs such as segment and syllable are needed in an empirically adequate description of the phonology of ASL (or of other sign languages) may allow for the refinement of the understanding of what segments and syllables are.
Adjoint shadowing directions in hyperbolic systems for sensitivity analysis

For hyperbolic diffeomorphisms, we define adjoint shadowing directions as a bounded inhomogeneous adjoint solution whose initial condition has zero component in the unstable adjoint direction. For hyperbolic flows, we define adjoint shadowing directions similarly, with the additional requirement that the average of its inner-product with the trajectory direction is zero. In both cases, we show unique existence of adjoint shadowing directions, and how they can be used for adjoint sensitivity analysis. Our work set a theoretical foundation for efficient adjoint sensitivity methods for long-time-averaged objectives such as NILSAS.
Hypertension among women of reproductive age: Impact of 2017 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association high blood pressure guideline.

Abstract Objective To estimate the prevalence of hypertension and antihypertensive medication recommended among U.S. reproductive-aged women according to the 2017 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) guideline as compared with the Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC7) guideline and to identify factors associated with newly classified hypertensive women. Methods We analyzed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005–2014. Hypertension was defined using blood pressure measurements and/or self-reported antihypertensive medication use. Multivariable Poisson regression models with robust error variance were conducted. Results Among 4,575 (weighted n ​= ​40,194,602) non-pregnant women aged 20–44 years, the prevalence of hypertension was 16.5% using the 2017 guideline, and 7.8% based on the JNC7 guideline. Following the 2017 guideline, 8.6% would be recommended for antihypertensive medication, similar to 8.5% according to JNC7 guideline. Following the 2017 guideline, women with older age (35–44 years), obesity, and diabetes were more likely, while Hispanic women were less likely, to be newly classified as hypertensive. Conclusion Among reproductive-aged women, compared to JNC7 guidelines, the prevalence of hypertension increased by 112% following the 2017 guideline, but the percentage of women recommended for antihypertensive medication was similar.
Assessment of Bleeding Phenotype in Hemophilia Α By a Novel Point-of-Care Global Assay

Introduction: Patients with Hemophilia A have considerable phenotypic heterogeneity with respect to clinical severity based on their baseline factor levels. As clinical bleeding risk is helpful to individualize factor replacement therapy in hemophilia patients, previous studies have utilized direct and indirect methods of thrombin generation to classify individual bleeding phenotypes, however, with variable results. An easy to use, point-of-care, global assay to assess bleed phenotype, can be a useful tool in the clinical setting to determine intensity of prophylaxis therapy for patients with hemophilia. We have previously introduced a novel, point-of-care (POC), dielectric microsensor, ClotChip, and demonstrated its sensitivity to factor replacement in patients with severe hemophilia A. We aim to further test the ability of ClotChip in assessment of a bleeding phenotype, as described by a bleeding score, in patients with hemophilia A. Methods: After IRB approval, 28 patients with hemophilia A of varying severity and well-characterized bleeding history, were enrolled in this study at the time of trough factor levels. The bleeding history was extracted from patient charts and included number of bleeds (joint and soft-tissue), annual factor usage in terms of units/kg, and number of target joints. These parameters were used to generate a bleeding score (range: 0 - 24), and patients were divided in to 2 categories with scores between 0 - 12 (n=14) and > 12 (n=14). Healthy volunteers (n=17) were accrued as controls. Whole blood samples were obtained by venipuncture into collection tubes containing 3.2% sodium citrate. Samples were then tested with the ClotChip within 2 hours of collection. ClotChip is based on the electrical technique of dielectric spectroscopy (DS) and features a low-cost (material cost Results: ClotChip exhibited a mean Tpeak of 2186s ± 1560s for hemophilia patients in the group with higher bleeding scores (i.e. score >12), a mean Tpeak of 931s ± 496s for the group with lower bleeding scores (i.e. score Conclusions: Our studies suggest that a novel dielectric microsensor (ClotChip) could be useful in assessing bleeding phenotype in hemophilia A patients, allowing rapid assessment of hemostasis using a miniscule amount of whole blood ( Download : Download high-res image (691KB) Download : Download full-size image Disclosures Maji: XaTek, Inc: Patents & Royalties: 9,995,701. Suster: XaTek, Inc: Consultancy, Patents & Royalties: 9,995,701. Mohseni: XaTek, Inc: Consultancy, Patents & Royalties. Ahuja: XaTexk Inc.: Consultancy, Patents & Royalties, Research Funding; Rainbow Children's Foundation: Research Funding; Bayer: Consultancy; Biovertiv Sanofi: Consultancy; Genentech: Consultancy.
The Contribution of Social Movement Theory to Understanding Genocide: Evidence from Rwanda

Author(s): Luft, Aliza | Abstract: Recent years have witnessed a turn in the field of contentious politics toward the study of political violence, yet scholars have yet to focus their lens on genocide. Moreover, research on genocide is characterized by fundamental disagreements about its definition, origins, and dynamics, leading to a lack of generalizable theory. As a remedy, this article suggests that research on genocide can be improved by incorporating concepts from social movements. After reviewing the history of research on social movements and genocide, I analyze civilian participation in the Rwandan genocide as an example of how social movement theory helps explain civilian mobilization for genocide. Finally, I propose that a contentious politics approach to genocide would consider it one among many forms of contentious collective action, analyzable within the existing framework of social movement theory.
Incidence and Progression of Nongeographic Atrophy in the Comparison of Age-Related Macular Degeneration Treatments Trials (CATT) Clinical Trial.

Importance Retinal hypopigmentation and hyperpigmentation are precursors of geographic atrophy (GA). Incidence and progression to GA in eyes treated with anti–vascular endothelial growth factor for neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) have not been investigated. Objective To determine the incidence and progression of non-GA (NGA) and associated risk factors. Design, Setting, and Participants This study is a post hoc analysis of a cohort study within the Comparison of Age-Related Treatments Trials (CATT) clinical trial. Participants were recruited February 20, 2008, through December 9, 2009; released from protocol follow-up and treatment after 2 years; and recalled from March 14, 2014, through March 31, 2015. Data analyses were conducted from January 11, 2019, through November 27, 2019. Interventions Participants were randomized to ranibizumab or bevacizumab for (1) 2 years of monthly or as-needed injections or (2) monthly injections for 1 year and as-needed injections the following year. Participants were treated according to best medical judgement thereafter. Main Outcomes and Measures Incidence of nAMD-associated NGA (hypopigmentation and hyperpigmentation in color images) and progression; adjusted risk ratios (aRR) for baseline characteristics. Results Among 1107 participants, risk of NGA was 35% (391 eyes), 59% (246 eyes), and 81% (122 eyes) at 1, 2, and 5 years, respectively. Risk factors for NGA included worse visual acuity (20/200-20/320: aRR, 1.74 [95% CI, 1.24-2.43], compared with ≤20/40;P = .006), larger neovascularization area (>4 disc areas: aRR, 1.31 [95% CI, 1.01-1.71], compared with ≤1 disc areas;P = .007), switched drug regimen (aRR, 1.28 [95% CI, 1.06-1.54], compared with as-needed injections;P = .02), and single-nucleotide variants Age-Related Maculopathy Susceptibility 2 (ARMS2) (TT variant: relative risk [RR], 1.53 [95% CI, 1.22-1.93];P = .001) and HtrA Serine Peptidase 1 (HTRA1) (AG variant: RR, 1.23 [95% CI, 1.01-1.48]; AA variant: RR, 1.51 [95% CI, 1.20-1.91];P = .002). Sub–retinal pigment epithelium thickness was protective (>275 μm: aRR, 0.59 [95% CI, 0.46-0.75], compared with ≤75 μm;P Conclusions and Relevance In this study, after 2 years of protocol-guided anti–vascular endothelial growth factor treatment for nAMD, more than half of the eyes in the study developed NGA in the location of nAMD. After 3 additional years of regular care, half of them progressed to GA. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:NCT00593450
Phenomenological Analysis of the γ N N * Form Factors

The data on electroexcitation of ${N}^{*}$ in the momentum-transfer range $\ensuremath{-}{q}^{2}=0.1\ensuremath{-}2.33$ Ge${\mathrm{V}}^{2}$ have been analyzed phenomenologically, using an isobar model. Assuming only the $M1$ transition, we obtained a phenomenological form factor for the $\ensuremath{\gamma}N{N}^{*}$ vertex. This form factor is found to decrease much faster than the elastic nucleon form factors. This implies that the ${N}^{*}$ has a larger spatial extension than the $N$.