cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Some Effects of Pesticide Residues on Trichogramma nubilale (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae)

A laboratory bioassay was developed to assess the effects of pesticide residues on adult emergence and parasitism of the egg parasitoid Trichogramma nubilale Ertle and Davis. Tests were conducted on 1-,7-,14-, and 21-day greenhouse and field-weathered spray residues from pepper plants at two dosage rates of five pesticides. These were Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner, carbaryl, methomyl, methyl parathion, and permethrin. T. nubilale was highly sensitive to all the synthetic chemicals; methyl parathion was the most toxic. Permethrin residues had no adverse effects on parasitoid emergence, but parasitism rates were always significantly reduced. B. thuringiensis sprays, tested in the greenhouse only, did not reduce emergence from or parasitism of European corn borer (ECB), Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner), eggs. Field-weathered carbaryl and methomyl residues did not reduce parasitoid emergence, but carbaryl residues reduced parasitism rates up to 21 days postspray. Parasitism increased over time at the lower dosage rate of methomyl.
ON CULTURAL SIMILARITIES IN ATTITUDES TOWARD EATING OF WOMEN STUDENTS IN PENNSYLVANIA AND SOUTH KOREA

This study compared attitudes toward eating among 226 women undergraduates at universities in Pennsylvania and South Korea. Analysis indicated that both groups (ns = 111 and 115, respectively) had similar percentages (21% and 18%, respectively) of respondents with scores suggesting symptomatology of eating disorders. Mean differences between groups on the Eating Attitudes Test-26 were not significant. Implications for research are discussed.
The mucopolysaccharidoses: Clinical and biochemical experience at the adelaide children’s hospital

The mucopolysaccharidoses (MPSs) are a group of genetically transmitted lysosomal storage disorders characterized by the excessive accumulation and abnormal excretion of mucopolysaccharides. All of the known types of MPSs are manifest in a wide variety of clinical phenotypes although each individual type occurs as a result of a single lysosomal enzyme deficiency of one or other of the exohydrolascs involved in the degradation of dcrmatan sulphate, heparan sulphate and keratan sulphate. The mainstay of MPSs diagnosis in the past has been the clinical recognition of a phenotype supported by supposedly characteristic radiology and the finding of excess mucopolysaccharide in the urine. However, it is now recognized that because of the almost bewildering degree of variation in clinical phenotype, reliance on radiological and urine mucopolysaccharide excretion criteria can be misleading. As genetic counselling and selected termination remains the main intervention available for the MPSs it is vital that the diagnosis applied is correct. Over the past 3 yr we have developed and systematically employed methods that enable us to specifically estimate the activity of the 10 known exohydrolascs involved in the MPSs. In collaboration with hospitals from all Australian States and New Zealand we have enzymically diagnosed and categorized more than 60 MPSs representing 6 different enzyme deficiencies (14 MPS 1, 16 MPS 11, 14 MPS 111A, 4 MPS 111B, 5 MPS IVA and 8 MPS VI) and performed 15 prenatal assessments in pregnancies at risk for 4 types of MPS enzyme deficiencies. In our diagnostic protocol, to prevent needless waste of time, tissue and hard-won substrates, we prefer to identify first (by high resolution electrophoresis) the nature of the excreted polysaccharide(s) and thus focus attention to a single enzyme or at the most 2 or 3 enzyme assays. Identification of the exact enzyme deficiency is then rapidly determined using leucocytes and/or plasma and later checked using cultured skin fibroblasts, which can then be cryogenically stored for future reference.
CHEST PAIN AND AN ANOMALOUS CORONARY ARTERY

Coronary arteries with anomalous origins are rare and often asymptomatic. There is concern for increased risk of sudden death when ischemia is noted on exercise, which appears to be greater in those with the left coronary artery arising from the right sinus, although they are less prevalent, roughly
Interferon gamma protects neonatal neural stem/progenitor cells during measles virus infection of the brain

In the developing brain, self-renewing neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPC) give rise to neuronal and glial lineages. NSPC survival and differentiation can be altered by neurotropic viruses and by the anti-viral immune response. Several neurotropic viruses specifically target and infect NSPCs, in addition to inducing neuronal loss, which makes it difficult to distinguish between effects on NSPCs that are due to direct viral infection or due to the anti-viral immune response. We have investigated the impact of anti-viral immunity on NSPCs in measles virus (MV)-infected neonates. A neuron-restricted viral infection model was used, where NSPCs remain uninfected. Thus, an anti-viral immune response was induced without the confounding issue of NSPC infection. Two-transgenic mouse lines were used: CD46+ mice express the human isoform of CD46, the MV entry receptor, under the control of the neuron-specific enolase promoter; CD46+/IFNγ-KO mice lack the key anti-viral cytokine IFNγ. Multi-color flow cytometry and Western Blot analysis were used to quantify effects on NSPC, neuronal, and glial cell number, and quantify effects on IFNγ-mediated signaling and cell markers, respectively. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that NSPCs were reduced in CD46+/IFNγ-KO mice at 3, 7, and 10 days post-infection (dpi), but were unaffected in CD46+ mice. Early neurons showed the greatest cell loss at 7 dpi in both genotypes, with no effect on mature neurons and glial cells. Thus, IFNγ protected against NSPC loss, but did not protect young neurons. Western Blot analyses on hippocampal explants showed reduced nestin expression in the absence of IFNγ, and reduced doublecortin and βIII-tubulin in both genotypes. Phosphorylation of STAT1 and STAT2 occurred independently of IFNγ in the hippocampus, albeit with distinct regulation of activation. This is the first study to demonstrate bystander effects of anti-viral immunity on NSPC function. Our results show IFNγ protects the NSPC population during a neonatal viral CNS infection. Significant loss of NSPCs in CD46+/IFNγ-KO neonates suggests that the adaptive immune response is detrimental to NSPCs in the absence of IFNγ. These results reveal the importance and contribution of the anti-viral immune response to neuropathology and may be relevant to other neuroinflammatory conditions.
FreeMarket: Shopping for free in Android applications.

Google recently launched Android Market In-app Billing (IAB), a service that allows developers to sell digital content in their Android applications by delegating the billing responsibilities to Google. This feature has already gained immense popularity with developers—16 of the top 20 grossing apps in the Android Market rely on IAB for generating revenue. However, despite Google’s recommendations for preventing attacks on IAB applications,1 the majority of applications do not use adequate security measures to authenticate IAB purchases. In this work we present the FreeMarket attack, which automatically identifies and exploits such insecure IAB coding practices. Our attack produces a rewritten application for which all in-app purchases succeed without any payment. The rewritten application retains the full functionality of the original and can be executed on unmodified Android devices. We show that at least 174 applications in the Android Market (more than 50% of the applications we tested) are vulnerable to this attack. As part of this work, we develop a translation tool named Deja, which converts the proprietary Dalvik bytecode used by Android applications to standard Java bytecode, enabling the use of the ASM bytecode rewriting library.2 Deja uses SSA-based dataflow analysis to infer the operand types, which must be explicitly specified in Java bytecode, and correctly reasons about important differences between the two formats (e.g., the bytecode verification process).3 In the IAB protocol, Google digitally signs the message notifying an application of a successful purchase. Although Google advises developers to verify this signature on a remote server before acknowledging the purchase, many applications either do not perform any verification or perform the verification on the device using the java.security.Signature.verify API. The FreeMarket attack exploits this behavior by rewrit-
Combined use of anterior and posterior surgery for adult scoliosis.

SUMMARY The two-staged anteroposterior approach is the indicated surgical procedure for many patients with adult spine deformities as described in this article. These surgeries are not easily performed. The surgeon must have excellent knowledge of anatomy as well as expertise in performing these procedures in order to obtain maximum correction, stabilization of the spine, and minimize complications.
Competition Issues in Real Estate Brokerage

The purchase of a home has long represented the achievement of the American dream. Given the importance of home ownership in our society, it is not surprising that real estate brokerage is big business. It is also not surprising that recent trends playing out across the U.S. economy have had significant effects on real estate brokerage services. For example, as home prices have skyrocketed around the country, so have the fees paid for residential real estate brokerage services.At the same time, real estate brokerage, like many other industries, has been affected by new, technology-driven business models and trends toward unbundling of services. Real estate agents and brokers, state legislatures, real estate commissions, and officials who regulate brokers have responded to these trends in a variety of ways. Their responses have included the imposition of new private rules or the passage of new laws or regulations, some of which raise competitive concerns that have caught the attention of the Federal Trade Commission and the Department of Justice Antitrust Division.Concerns about anticompetitive restraints in the real estate industry are not new. For example, the FTC had a number of cases in the late 1980s and early 1990s alleging that traditional, full-service agents took collective action to disadvantage lower-priced competitors who used a different business model. Today, while technological changes may have altered the form of anticompetitive restraint, the goal on the part of some of hampering competition remains the same.Analyzing potential barriers to competition in any industry requires a careful approach that considers costs and benefits to consumers and relies on empirical evidence. In their analysis of competition issues in the real estate industry, the FTC and the DOJ have undertaken a wide variety of activities, including: enforcement; advocacy; convening a forum for industry regulators and academics to discuss the issues; and encouraging study of the state of the market and the impact of new models and new restrictions. The goal of this analysis is not to supplant consumer choice by deciding that a certain business model or technology is better for consumers; rather, it is to help ensure that consumers are free to make their own choices without unnecessary government restrictions or private anticompetitive activity.
Short Operative Duration and Surgical Site Infection Risk in Hip and Knee Arthroplasty Procedures

OBJECTIVE To determine the association (1) between shorter operative duration and surgical site infection (SSI) and (2) between surgeon median operative duration and SSI risk among first-time hip and knee arthroplasties. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study SETTING A total of 43 community hospitals located in the southeastern United States. PATIENTS Adults who developed SSIs according to National Healthcare Safety Network criteria within 365 days of first-time knee or hip arthroplasties performed between January 1, 2008 and December 31, 2012. METHODS Log-binomial regression models estimated the association (1) between operative duration and SSI outcome and (2) between surgeon median operative duration and SSI outcome. Hip and knee arthroplasties were evaluated in separate models. Each model was adjusted for American Society of Anesthesiology score and patient age. RESULTS A total of 25,531 hip arthroplasties and 42,187 knee arthroplasties were included in the study. The risk of SSI in knee arthroplasties with an operative duration shorter than the 25th percentile was 0.40 times the risk of SSI in knee arthroplasties with an operative duration between the 25th and 75th percentile (risk ratio [RR], 0.40; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.38–0.56; P<.01). Short operative duration did not demonstrate significant association with SSI for hip arthroplasties (RR, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.79–1.37; P=.36). Knee arthroplasty surgeons with shorter median operative durations had a lower risk of SSI than surgeons with typical median operative durations (RR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.43–0.64; P<.01). CONCLUSIONS Short operative durations were not associated with a higher SSI risk for knee or hip arthroplasty procedures in our analysis. Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. 2015;36(12):1431–1436
Composites of sodium manganese oxides with enhanced electrochemical performance for sodium-ion batteries: Tailoring properties via controlling microstructure

Composites of Na0.44MnO2, Na0.7MnO2.05, and Na0.91MnO2 were synthesized by facile solid-state reaction, ball milling, and annealing methods. Two different composites of identical overall composition but drastically different morphologies and microstructures were synthesized. A composite of a hierarchical porous microstructure with primary and secondary particles (i.e., a “meatball-like” microstructure) achieved an excellent stable capacity of 126 mA h g-1 after 100 cycles. The rate capability of the composite could be dramatically enhanced by another round of high-energy ball milling and reannealing; subsequently, a composite that was made up of irregular rods was obtained, for which the capacity was improved by more than 230% to achieve ~53 mA h g-1 at a particularly high discharge rate of 50C. This study demonstrated the feasibility of tailoring the electrochemical performance of electrode materials by simply changing their microstructures via facile ball milling and heat treatments, which can be particularly useful for optimizing composite electrodes for sodium-ion batteries.
[Analysis on dynamic monitoring of chronic diseases and their risk factors in Changping district, Beijing].

慢性非传染性疾病(慢性病)已成为我国城乡居民死因的主要疾病.为掌握北京市昌平区常住人口监测人群慢性病及其危险因素的变化,在2002、2005、2008年分别进行了三次慢性病行为危险因素调查,结果报告如下。
A method for the synthesis of [14C]-kynurenine.

Abstract A new method is described for the synthesis of [1]-labelled L-kynurenine from [1]-L-tryptophan, using extracts of tryptophan-adapted cells of Pseudomonas marginalis. It is based on the selective, rapid inactivation of kynureninase by a newly discovered inhibitor of this enzyme, 3-chloro-L-alanine. The yield of [1]-kynurenine produced in this manner is 76% theoretical.
Hal International School

Hal International School (grades K—9) is located in a wealthy expatriate community in a large urban city. This is a unique part of Japan where the buzz of English mixes with the sound of Japanese — where outside cafes are just as likely to be filled with fashionably dressed Westerners as they are with expensively clad Japanese. Tasteful art galleries, slick fashion buildings, and Italian outdoor cafes near the subway station let visitors share a taste of the neighborhood’s upper middle class lifestyle. But it is the beauty and tranquility of the residential area — away from the commotion of the commercial area near the station — that make it clear that this is an area reserved for the privileged. Behind tree-lined streets — rare in urban cities in Japan — one finds luxurious apartment buildings designed for foreign expatriates. Every time I visit this area I am amazed at the abundance of greenery and space right in the middle of an otherwise extremely densely populated city. On the way to Hal, in a huge park with a duck pond surrounded by cherry trees, which turn into pink clouds in the month of March, several Japanese and Western mothers were letting their toddlers play on the swings and slides, sharing the space but staying in their own groups. A few Filipino nannies were pushing the strollers of their Caucasian charges.
Principal Forms and Fields on Riemannian Spaces

Having discussed various aspects of the normal operator method on Riemann surfaces, and consequently on 2-dimensional Riemannian spaces, we now turn to their counterparts on higher dimensional Riemannian spaces. As far as functions, i.e. 0-forms, are concerned, it is plausible that all results thus far discussed, save those involving complex analyticity, can be reproduced for higher dimensions. That this is actually the case is shown in §1.
Yield of greenhouse-grown tomato in substrates containing coir and parboiled rice or burnt rice hulls

ABSTRACTSubstrate components produced in the sub-tropics or tropics were combined in various proportions as substrates for the greenhouse production of ‘Big Beef’ tomato. Coir was mixed with parboiled rice hulls (PBH) or burnt rice hulls (BRH) at 0, 25, 50, 75, or 100% volume. Fruit fresh weights at equal proportions of BRH or PBH in coir were similar, with the greatest fruit yields achieved with 50 to 100% coir (0 to 50% PBH or BRH). Compared to 100% coir, PBH in coir decreased substrate container capacity and increased air porosity, while BRH in coir increased container capacity and decreased the air porosity. Pre-plant fertilisation of the PBH + coir substrates (superphosphate, gypsum, trace elements, calcium nitrate, and surfactant) increased fruit yield significantly. Substrates containing 50 to 100% coir with BRH or PBH yielded greater fruit fresh weights than was achieved in in 70% BRH + 30% gravel (a typical substrate used in the Dominican Republic), and reusing the 70% BRH + 30% gravel led to a 3...
Principles and applications of gamma-ray imaging for arms control

Abstract The ability of gamma-rays to penetrate matter makes them an excellent signature for the detection of nuclear materials—except that this very ability makes their detection difficult. This is particularly true if one wishes to make images, since general-purpose focusing optics do not exist. Various indirect imaging techniques have been successfully applied to obtain gamma-ray images, including Compton and coded-aperture imaging. This paper reviews the different approaches, and discusses their advantages and disadvantages as illustrated with results obtained from different instruments designed for use in nuclear security applications.
Effect of Shear Keys on Seismic Response of Irregular Bridge Configurations

Shear keys play an important role in constraining the relative transverse movement between the deck of a bridge and its abutments. Shear keys are normally regarded as secondary components, and their influences on bridge seismic responses are generally neglected. However, the seismic demands and structural response of bridges can be significantly affected by shear keys. This paper assesses and compares the seismic response of various regular and irregular bridge configurations and geometry with and without shear keys. Two different capacities of shear keys (25% and 75% of the abutment lateral pile capacity) are considered and seismic demands are evaluated under weak, moderate, and severe ground motion intensity levels. The following bridge configurations are considered: straight single-frame bridge, skewed single-frame bridge, skewed multiframe bridge with equal and unequal pier heights, and curved multiframe bridge with equal and unequal pier heights. Nonlinear time history analysis (NTHA) was conducted o...
Distal Radius Fractures: Does Obesity Affect Fracture Pattern, Treatment, and Functional Outcomes?

BACKGROUND Distal radius fractures (DRFs) are 16% of fractures treated by orthopedic surgeons. Obesity's influence on DRF complexity has not been studied. This study was undertaken to determine if body mass index (BMI) affects DRF pattern, treatment, and functional outcomes. METHODS Part 1 was a retrospective review of patients who sustained a DRF after a fall from standing height with no prior reduction or treatment. Radiographs were classified as "simple" or "complex." Part 2 consisted of contacting patients from Part 1 and obtaining a Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (QuickDASH) score. Retrospective review also identified patients who failed initial nonoperative treatment. Fracture pattern, failure of nonoperative treatment, and QuickDASH scores were compared with BMI at the time of injury. RESULTS For Part 1, 130 patients (132 wrists) were identified. Average age was 57 years, 77% were female, and average BMI was 28.2 kg/m2. Each point increase in BMI increased the chance of having a complex DRF (odds ratio = 1.07). Part 2 identified 50 patients who completed a QuickDASH at an average of 4.6 years after injury. Those with a BMI <25 kg/m2 (n = 15) had an average QuickDASH score of 37; patients with a BMI ≥25 kg/m2 (n = 35) had an average QuickDASH score of 18. Increasing BMI was suggestive of a lower QuickDASH score ( P = .08). No significant difference was found with respect to BMI and failure of nonoperative treatment. CONCLUSIONS A higher BMI increases the odds of a complex DRF. Despite more complex fractures, overweight patients may experience less disability after sustaining a DRF.
A Revisit to Estimation of Beta Risk and an Analysis of Stock Market through Copula Transformation and Winsorization with S&P 500 Index as Proxy

We consider the problem of reliable estimation of market betas. Estimation using least squares can be very sensitive to underlying assumptions of normality and the presence of outliers, whereas various robust estimation procedures have a certain degree of arbitrariness in their implementation. This is especially of concern because returns for various equities may have very different statistical distributions. Our approach is to bring all estimation problems to a common platform through bivariate Gaussian copula transformation where, in view of the linearity of regression, correlation is a meaningful measure of dependence. We then carry out the estimation of betas by combining it with the winsorized relative volatility of the asset. Extensive analysis of the U.S. market with the S&P 500 as proxy indicates that, when the data show departure from assumptions, our approach provides more stable estimates of betas than least squares, and estimates are essentially the same when assumptions are met. Improvement is realized in up to 53% of instances.
Sectioning studies of biomimetic collagen-hydroxyapatite coatings on Ti-6Al-4V substrates using focused ion beam

Abstract A biomimetic bone-like collagen-hydroxyapatite (Col-HA) composite coating was formed on a surface-treated Ti-6Al-4V alloy substrate via simultaneous collagen self-assembly and hydroxyapatite nucleation. The coating process has been carried out by immersing sand-blasted, acid-etched and UV irradiated Ti-6Al-4V alloy in type I collagen-containing modified simulated body fluid (m-SBF). The surface morphology and phase composition of the coating were characterized using various techniques. More importantly, dual-beam FIB/SEMs with either gallium ion source (GFIB) or xenon plasma ion source (PFIB) were used to investigate the cross-sectional features of the biomimetic Col-HA composite coating in great details. As a result, the cross-sectional images and thin transmission electron microscopy (TEM) specimens were successfully obtained from the composite coating with no obvious damages or milling ion implantations. Both the cross-sectional SEM and TEM results have confirmed that the Col-HA coating demonstrates a similar microstructure to that of pure HA coating with homogeneously distributed elements across the whole cross section. Both coatings consist of a uniform, crack-free gradient structure with a dense layer adjacent to the interface between the Ti-6Al-4V substrate and the coating facilitating a strong bonding, while a porous structure at the coating surface aiding cell attachment.
Instrumentation and Principles of Imaging: PET

Positron emission tomography (PET) is a noninvasive modality that produces tomographic images of the distribution of a radionuclide-labeled tracer injected in the body.1 As the name suggests, PET imaging is based on radionuclides that decay by positron emission (Figure 1.1A. For example, fluorine-18 (18F)decays to oxygen-18 (18O), emitting a positron (β+) and a neutrino (ve): $$^{18} F \to ^{18} O + \beta ^ + + \nu _e$$ (1) (The neutrino does not affect PET imaging and may be ignored in this discussion.) A positron is an elementary particle classified as antimatter and is analogous to an electron, having identical mass but opposite electrical charge. The positron is ejected from the nucleus and rapidly loses its kinetic energy through collisions with numerous nearby electrons. Since antimatter and matter are mutually unstable, the positron and an electron then undergo a process known as positron annihilation and are converted into a pair of gamma-ray photons. Because total energy is conserved, each gamma ray has energy of 511 keV, which is equivalent to the mass of the positron and of the electron according to the well-known relationship E = mc 2. Because total momentum is conserved, the two gamma rays travel in opposite directions with a relative angle very close to 180 degrees.
DNNF-based belief state estimation

As embedded systems grow increasingly complex, there is a pressing need for diagnosing and monitoring capabilities that estimate the system state robustly. This paper is based on approaches that address the problem of robustness by reasoning over declarative models of the physical plant, represented as a variant of factored Hidden Markov Models, called Probabilistic Concurrent Constraint Automata. Prior work on Mode Estimation of PCCAs is based on a Best-First Trajectory Enumeration (BFTE) algorithm. Two algorithms have since made improvements to the BFTE algorithm: 1) the Best-First Belief State Update (BFBSU) algorithm has improved the accuracy of BFTE and 2) the MEXEC algorithm has introduced a polynomial-time bounded algorithm using a smooth deterministic decomposable negation normal form (sd-DNNF) representation. This paper introduces a new DNNF-based Belief State Estimation (DBSE) algorithm that merges the polynomial time bound of the MEXEC algorithm with the accuracy of the BFBSU algorithm. This paper also presents an encoding of a PCCA as a CNF with probabilistic data, suitable for compilation into an sd-DNNF-based representation. The sd-DNNF representation supports computing k belief states from k previous belief states in the DBSE algorithm.
A Global Critical Race and Racism Framework: Racial Entanglements and Deep and Malleable Whiteness:

Twenty years after Bonilla-Silva developed the analytic components of a structural race perspective and called for “comparative work on racialization in various societies,” U.S.-centric race theory...
A clinical trial of intracavernous vasoactive intestinal peptide to induce penile erection

AbstractA double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of the intracavernous injection of vasoactive intestinal peptide was conducted and studied in 24 men with erectile dysfunction of diabetic, neurogenic and psychogenic etiology. The patients were randomized into 6 groups of 4 subjects each and received either placebo, or 200 or 400 pmol. vasoactive intestinal peptide at each of 3 consecutive weekly visits. An increase in penile length was associated significantly with treatment (F equals 5.10, p equals 0.01), dose-related, and independent of the time and sequence of treatment. An increase in penile diameter was associated significantly with treatment (F equals 8.14, p equals 0.001) and time (F equals 8.14, p equals 0.001), dose-related and independent of the sequence of treatment. Penile rigidity was associated significantly with time (F equals 5.44, p equals 0.008), associated nearly significantly with treatment (F equals 3.11, p equals 0.056) and independent of sequence of treatment. Despite some ...
Plasma Membrane 5′-Nucleotidase and other Purine Enzymes in Murine Lymphocytes

The important involvement of purine metabolism in human immune function has been established by the causal association of adenosine deaminase (ADA) and purine nucleoside Phosphorylase (PNP) deficiencies with severe immunodysfunction. Other purine enzymes have also been extensively examined for their potential roles in immune regulation. Such enzymes include: plasma membrane 5′-nucleotidase (5′-N), S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase (SAH-hydrolase), and hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT). The distribution of these purine enzymes has been investigated in subpopulations of lymphoid cells from humans1−5 and other vertebrates6−8. Many of the existing models of purine-induced lymphocytotoxicity9−10 center around the relative specific activities of these purine enzymes as a means of predicting which cells will be susceptible to the purine mediated cell killing. The lymphoid cells used in these model systems are almost uniformly human cells.
Adaptive Estimation of Regression Parameters for the Gaussian Scale Mixture Model

A proposal of Van der Vaart (1996) for an adaptive estimator of a location parameter from a family of normal scale mixtures is explored. Recent developments in convex optimization have dramatically improved the computational feasibility of the Kiefer and Wolfowitz (Ann Math Stat 27:887–906, 1956) nonparametric maximum likelihood estimator for general mixture models and yield an effective strategy for estimating the efficient score function for the location parameter in this setting. The approach is extended to regression and performance is evaluated with a small simulation experiment.
To Err is Human, to Forgive, AI

Trustworthiness is an elusive quality. We may completely or partially trust relatives, friends, colleagues, or strangers. We also place a great deal of trust in the operators of airplanes, cars,medical prognoses, invasive medical devices, and other complex systems, potentially risking our lives doing so. Similarly, we trust that the designers, builders, testers, operators, and maintainers of these complex systems took great care in ensuring safety and reliability. But no matter what measures are taken to ensure error free operation, we acknowledge a certain level of risk of failure, even catastrophic failure in these systems, because they are built and operated by humans. What about those systems that employ artificial intelligence (AI), such as driverless cars, autopilots, invasive medical devices, and certain types of systems in the internet of things? Do we expect these AI enabled systems to operate in such a way that they can be trusted more than those that are operated only by humans? It seems to be headline news when an AI capable system fails, particularly when the blame can be placed directly on the underlying “intelligence.” But we should not be surprised when AI enabled systems fail and we can prove it to you? In fact, while we strongly advocate for such systems, we think we should insist on an even higher level of professionalism and rigor when developing and deploying AI systems.
World Society Contexts of the Politics of Being Christian in the Middle East

The chapter addresses what it means to be Christian in the Middle East today by exploring the tensions between individual and collective Christian identities and practices, taking into consideration the context of world cultural pressures. Churches in the Middle East are characterized by collective, corporate self-identities, intertwined with communal identities and structures, that are institutionalized in political arrangements. At the same time, world polity emphases on rights including religious rights, along with globalization’s individuating everyday life, especially for youth, tend toward greater individuality. Yet, neither world culture nor regional religions are essentially individualistic or collectivistic. This study starts with the fact that being Christian in everyday life is quintessentially local, and traces how its embeddedness in increasing scales of neighborhood, nation-state, region, and world political and cultural institutions shape these tensions. It analyzes how tensions between individual and collective are amplified or attenuated by contentions over religious rights and by how they are institutionalized in state regimes. Special attention is paid to how these processes interact in complex ways to affect societal and political practices of inclusion and exclusion and to shape Christian responses to those practices.
“Right Step (Albeit in the Wrong Direction)”: Žižek on Heidegger’s Nazism and the Domestication of Nietzsche

At a certain point in his in In Defense of Lost Causes (2008), Slavoj Žižek suggests that, particularly with respect to Martin Heidegger's relationship with Nazism, Heidegger took "the right step (albeit in the wrong direction)." Not only does such a proposition provide a means to explain the direction Heidegger took in 1933 as it has been infamously pinpointed in his Rector's Address as the newly-inaugurated president of Freiburg, but it also becomes a means to explore Heidegger's turn towards Nietzsche by Winter 1936/1937 in a series of lectures and seminar delivered up to Winter 1944/1945. This turn presents a direction that, as Žižek describes, points to a "domestication of Nietzsche," which arises as Heidegger begins to distance himself from his active involvement with National Socialism. What his turn towards Nietzsche demonstrates, if employing Žižek's proposition, is Heidegger's desire to move in a "right direction."
Theorems on Restriction of Fourier–Bessel and Multidimensional Bessel Transforms to Spherical Surfaces

The paper deals with problems of Lq-summability with a weight over spherical surface of Fourier–Bessel and n-dimensional Bessel transforms for functions from some weighted spaces. The results have applications to PDE theory. Results of this paper may be applied in transmutation theory, for example for estimating solutions of singular B-elliptic PDEs.
Regional efficacy of a global geospatial liquefaction model

Abstract Liquefaction hazard maps are important for both pre- and post-event planning and mitigation. The global geospatial liquefaction model (GGLM) proposed by Zhu et al. (2017) and recommended for global application results in a liquefaction probability that can be interpreted as liquefaction spatial extent (LSE). The GGLM uses ShakeMap's PGV, topography-based Vs30, distance to water body, water table depth, and annual precipitation as explanatory variables. The GGLM was originally developed and validated across 23 global earthquakes with most of the earthquakes in coastal settings. In this paper, LSE maps have been generated for 29 earthquakes around the world in a wide range of settings in addition to 23 of the original events to evaluate the generality and regional efficacy of the model. The GGLM was found to overpredict liquefaction spatial extent for earthquakes with large areas experiencing low PGA (below 0.1 g) and as a result, the GGLM has been modified to decrease over-prediction with the addition of a PGA threshold (no liquefaction when PGA
Strain-Rate Dependence of the Martensitic Transformation Behavior in a 10 Pct Ni Multi-phase Steel Under Compression

The deformation-induced transformation of metastable austenite to martensite can contribute to improved performance of many steel alloys in a range of applications. For example, one class of Ni-containing steels that has undergone consecutive heat treatments of quenching (Q), lamellarization (L), and tempering (T) exhibits improved ballistic resistance and low-temperature impact toughness. To better understand the origin of this improvement, we tracked the volume fraction of austenite present in a QLT 10 wt pct Ni steel during compression at low and high strain rates ( $$\dot{\varepsilon }={0.001}\,{{\text{s}}^{-1}}$$ and $$\dot{\varepsilon }\simeq {2500}\,{{\text{s}}^{-1}}$$ , respectively) using ex situ vibrating sample magnetometry measurements and in situ time-resolved X-ray diffraction measurements. We observe that the austenite-to-martensite transformation occurs more readily during quasi-static loading than during dynamic loading, even at small values of applied strain, which is qualitatively different from the behavior of steels known to undergo a strain-induced martensitic transformation mechanism. We propose that the strain-rate dependence of transformation in the QLT 10 pct Ni steel is dominated by the transformation in small austenite particles, where stress-assisted martensitic transformation is likely to be the dominant mechanism. Indirect evidence for this hypothesis is provided by electron backscatter diffraction measurements of deformed specimens.
Musculoskeletal disorders associated with diabetes

Abstract Several musculoskeletal diseases are prevalent in individuals with diabetes. These include ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament and diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis. In both, heterotopic ossification near the spine underlies neurological injury. These related conditions are common in individuals with obesity and type 2 diabetes; and, in both, abnormal mesenchymal cell differentiation secondary to altered growth factor milieu has been implicated in pathogenesis. Similarly, two shoulder disorders—rotator cuff tendinopathy and adhesive capsulitis—cause tendon injury and fibrosis. Common in those with type 1 and 2 diabetes, they are respectively thought to be caused by advanced glycation end product deposition and myofibroblastic differentiation of tendon mesenchymal cells. Finally, diabetic amyotrophy is rare, painful diabetic neuropathy associated with muscle wasting and likely caused by immune-mediated microvasculitis. Better understanding of their relationships with metabolic dysfunction may further elucidate the pathogenic mechanism of these conditions and inform future treatment options.
Towards secure cyber-physical information association for parts

Abstract Counterfeiting is a significant problem for safety-critical systems, since cyber-information, such as a quality control certification, may be passed off with a flawed counterfeit part. Safety-critical systems, such as planes, are at risk because cyber-information cannot be provably tied to a specific physical part instance (e.g., impeller). This paper presents promising initial work showing that using piezoelectric sensors to measure impedance identities of parts may serve as a physically unclonable function that can produce unclonable part instance identities. When one of these impedance identities is combined with cyber-information and signed using existing public key infrastructure approaches, it creates a provable binding of cyber-information to a specific part instance. Our initial results from experimentation with traditionally and additively manufactured parts indicate that it will be extremely expensive and improbable for an attacker to counterfeit a part that replicates the impedance signature of a legitimate part.
Outcomes of sentinel lymph node mapping for patients with FIGO stage I endometrioid endometrial carcinoma.

Abstract Objective Investigate the overall survival of patients with FIGO stage I endometrioid endometrial carcinoma who underwent sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNBx). Methods Patients diagnosed between 2012 and 2015 with pathological stage I endometrioid endometrial carcinoma who underwent minimally invasive hysterectomy and had at least one month of follow-up were identified in the National Cancer Database (NCDB). Patients who underwent SLNBx or systematic lymphadenectomy (LND) (defined as at least 20 lymph nodes removed) were selected. Overall survival (OS) was evaluated following generation of Kaplan-Meier curves and compared with the log-rank test. A Cox model was constructed to evaluate survival after controlling for confounders. Results A total of 13,010 patients with endometrioid endometrial carcinoma who met the inclusion criteria were identified; 9861 (75.8%) and 3149 (24.2%) patients had systematic LND and SLNBx, respectively. Patients who had LND were more likely to receive radiation therapy (27.4% vs 19.3%, p Conclusions SLNBx had no negative impact on the survival of patients with FIGO stage I endometrioid endometrial carcinoma who undergo hysterectomy.
Incarceration: The Intersection of Emergency Medicine and the Criminal Justice System

The United States has the world’s highest incarceration rate (Institute for Crime and Justice Policy Research. World prison population list. 12th ed). Emergency medicine providers have ample opportunity to care for the incarcerated (NAACP | Criminal Justice Fact Sheet, 2020). Emergency medicine clinicians take pride in their ability to provide care for patients while negotiating the interface between emergency and prisoner health care. The medical care of incarcerated individuals is affected by the resources dedicated to such care. In order for health care to be effective, correctional security staff must cooperate and coordinate with health service providers. Medical care of the prisoner is complicated by distrust, bias, security concerns, and emergency medicine providers’ unfamiliarity with medical care inside prisons and jails. The legal system sets minimums of acceptable care but at times is silent or contradictory regarding a particular standard of care. There are stark racial disparities in the current American system of mass incarceration: rates of incarceration for Black people are over five times those for White people (Gramlich, J. Black Imprisonment Rate in the US has fallen by a third since 2006, 2020; Physicians for Human Rights. Dual loyalty and human rights in health professional practice. 2003). This fact exacerbates existing racial health disparities that are already present in the non-incarcerated population. Emergency medicine providers can bring skill, compassion, knowledge, and ethical commitment to the job of caring for the millions who pass through the correctional system each year.
A Theory of the Two-Dimensional Laminar Boundary Layer Over a Curved Surface

The purpose of this paper is to present a theory to account for surface curvature effects on the two-dimensional boundary-layer flow which approaches a potential flow at free stream. The problem of two-dimensional viscous flow is first formulated by using the streamlines and their orthogonal trajectories as the generalized coordinates. A boundary-layer approximation is applied to the Navier-Stokes equations and the Gauss equation in the generalized coordinates to yield the boundary-layer equations. The conditions under which similar solutions of the boundary-layer equations exist are determined. By a simple transformation, the governing differential equation can be expressed in a form which reduces to the Falkner-Skan equation for zero surface curvature. Numerical results for a similar solution which corresponds to a flow over a curved surface with zero surface pressure gradient have been obtained. The velocity profiles in the boundary layer and the wall skin-friction distribution for concave and convex surfaces are presented. The wall skin friction for a convex wall is found to be higher than the Blasius value for a flat plate. On the other hand, for a concave wall, the skin friction will drop below the Blasius value as the curvature increases, but it appears to reach a minimum, and beyond this minimum point it will increase again. The same flow problem was treated by Murphy by a different method of analysis. Comparison of Murphy's results with those obtained by the present method reveals some basic differences in the boundary-layer characteristics. In particular, Murphy's results indicate that the wall skin friction for a convex surface is smaller than the Blasius value, while for a concave wall it is higher.
Use of Soil Geomorphology in Fault Studies

The degree of soil profile development has been used to estimate the age of faulted and unfaulted alluvium and, in some cases, to determine the approximate timing of earthquakes (Shlemon, 1976; Shlemon and Purcell, 1976, 1978, 1979; Machette, 1978, 1988; Harden and Matti, 1989; Rockwell and others, 1984, 1987, 1990, 1994; McCalpin, 1982, 1994; Millman and Rockwell, 1986; Vaughan and Rockwell, 1986; Berry, 1990; Berry and McCalpin, 1994). Soil, in this context, is the weathering profile that develops at the Earth's surface (Fig. 1), and both they and buried soil profiles can be used in tectonic studies. The method is based on
Web-based marketing: The coming revolution in marketing thought and strategy

Abstract The web is growing at a dramatic pace and is significantly impacting customer and business market behaviors. As a result, most firms have started developing marketing strategies for the web. In this paper, we propose that the web is fundamentally changing, and will continue to change, marketing thought and practice. The paper suggests that the web-based markets of tomorrow may have little resemblance to the markets of today. We discuss the emergence of reverse marketing, customer-centric marketing, effective-efficiency, adaptation, expectation management, marketing process focus and fixed cost marketing in the context of marketing theory and practice. In addition, we discuss customer behaviors such as cocreation, universal availability, use of infomediaries, temporal shifts, open pricing and a move toward bricks to clicks.
A scalable wavelength-hopping, time-spreading optical-CDMA system

In this paper, we have shown that optical code division multiplexing (O-CDMA) systems at 10 Gb/s that can support at least 10 simultaneous users with BER<10/sup -9/ can be effectively designed for implementation in real networks. The carrier-hopping prime code is chosen to offer the optimum correlation values and maximum cardinality while providing a satisfactory bit error rate (BER). The encoder design can be advantageous of scalability allowed by increasing the code matrix size and the complementary decoder reduces cardinality limitations.
Thermal analysis of poly(desamino arylates)

The goal of this study is to better understand the thermal characteristics and molecular behavior of two poly(desaminotyrosyl arylates). TGA, DSC and TSPC studies were conducted on poly(12,10) and poly(2,2) after the samples were exposed to various conditions. The TGA of poly(12,10) shows low water uptake at 25C, higher water uptake at 80C. Water uptake for poly(2,2) at 25C is similar to poly(12,10) at 80C. The thermally stimulated polarization current (TSPC) results indicate a Tg for poly(2,2) at 80C and for poly(12,10) at 40C. DSC and TSPC studies suggest that poly(12,10) has two distinct modes of non-crystalline organization with a transition between these modes at about 60C. The mode above 60C has the higher water uptake. Annealing at 70C for 20 hours favors the high temperature mode. At room temperature, the material will relax to the low temperature mode. Previously published results indicate that these two modes of non-crystalline organization represent two different modes of hydrogen bonding.