cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Quality of life among women after surgery for ovarian cancer.

Objectives:Difficulties with diagnosis and aggressive, long-term treatment may result in lower quality of life (QOL), including high levels of anxiety, depression, and uncertainty, greater symptom distress, and lower overall QOL among women with avarian cancer. The purpose of this study was to describe demographic, clinical, and other risk factors associated with compromised QOL among women who have undergone surgery for avarian malignancies.Methods:Subjects were recruited to participate in a clinical trial that tested a specialized nursing intervention addressing psychological and physical care among women post-surgical for avarian cancer. QOL was measured using five standardized self-report measures: the State-Trait Anxiety Scale (SAS), the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), the Mishel Uncertainty in Illness Scale (MUIS), the Symptom Distress Scale (SDS), and the Short-Form Health Survey (SF-12). Baseline data were collected while women were hospitalized following surgery.Results:The sample (n=145) included women with avarian cancer (58%) and other cancers metastasized to the avaries and abdomen (42%). Mean scores on the measures were consistent with or higher than previously reported means for similar populations. Women reporting the lowest QOL were more likely to be younger, more educated, and have early stage disease.Significance of results:Women who have undergone surgery for ovarian malignancies have psychological needs that are often considered secondary to physical needs. Interventions should include routine screening for distress and referral to appropriate psychological and social services, thereby facilitating quality cancer care.
FLIM-FRET microscopy to visualize transcription factor interactions in the nucleus of the living cell

Wide-field fluorescence microscopy was used to monitor the co-localization of the homeodomain (HD) transcription factor Pit-1 and the basic-leucine zipper protein CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha (C/EBPa), each labeled with fluorescent proteins (FP) in the living cell nucleus. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) microscopy was used to resolve the angstrom-scale spatial relationships of these expressed proteins, and the effect of a Pit-1 point mutation on the interaction with C/EBPa was characterized. Two-photon excitation fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (2p-FLIM) was then used as an independent method to detect these protein interactions. The excited-state lifetime for the cyan FP (CFP) labeling C/EBPa was determined, and the measurements were repeated in cells co-expressing yellow FP (YFP) labeled-proteins. The CFP lifetime was decreased in the presence of the YFP acceptor, which is consistent with donor quenching by FRET. This was verified by acceptor photobleaching, which caused a shift in the donor lifetime to that similar to the donor alone. However, a significant limitation of this technique was demonstrated by the observation that high-energy 2p-excitation resulted in CFP photobleaching and a parallel decrease in its excited-state lifetime. The key question is whether the sensitivity of this imaging approach will be sufficient to acquire significant data from living cells expressing physiological levels of the labeled proteins.
Eta-quotients and theta functions

Abstract The Jacobi Triple Product Identity gives a closed form for many infinite product generating functions that arise naturally in combinatorics and number theory. Of particular interest is its application to Dedekind’s eta-function η ( z ) , defined via an infinite product, giving it as a certain kind of infinite sum known as a theta function. Using the theory of modular forms, we classify all eta-quotients that are theta functions.
Numerical calculation of the inductances of a multi-superconductor transmission line system

A variational numerical method is described in this paper to calculate the inductances of a multi-superconductor transmission line system. We show that the currents in the superconductors are distributed in a way that the sum of the total magnetostatic energy and the total kinetic energy of the system is a minimum. Using this principle, a variational technique is formulated to calculate the current distribution in the conductors and to calculate the inductances of the conductor system, in particular, we subdivide the conductor into small rectangular sub-conductors and assume a uniform trial current in each of the sub-conductor. The total energy of the system is obtained through Green's function and is minimized by applying the Lagrange multiplier technique. Once the current distribution is obtained, the inductances can be obtained easily. The method is implemented numerically and proved to be fast and accurate.
Use of propofol to manage seizure activity after surgical treatment of portosystemic shunts

The anaesthetic agent propofol has anticonvulsant properties and has been used in the treatment of refractory status epilepticus in human medicine. This report describes the use of propofol in four cats and one dog with naturally occurring seizures following surgical attenuation of single extrahepatic portosystemic shunts. Two of the animals had seizures that were unresponsive to other anticonvulsants. Subanaesthetic doses of intravenous propofol (1.0 to 3.5 mg/kg boluses and 0.01 to 0.25 mg/kg/minute continuous rate infusions) were used to control the seizures in all animals. However, a good neurological outcome was achieved in only two of the five cases, which is similar to the situation in previous reports.
Formation of amorphous alloys by solid state reactions

Abstract Amorphous metallic alloys have traditionally been prepared by the rapid solidification of molten alloys. Recently, new synthesis methods have been developed which are based on isothermal solid state reactions between pure metals. These reactions are carried out at temperatures that kinetically favor the interdiffusion of the species but preclude the nucleation of intermetallics. Other novel synthesis methods rely on the mechanical attrition of crystalline alloy powders. This paper reviews the basic concepts behind these novel synthesis methods and compares the amorphous alloys prepared by these techniques with those obtained by the rapid solidification of melts.
Bartonella Endocarditis–Associated Glomerulonephritis: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Infectious endocarditis is associated with a number of systemic manifestations, including kidney disease. Kidney manifestations, including hematuria, parenchymal infarction, and glomerulonephritis, may affect as many as 40%-50% of patients with infective endocarditis. In a minority of cases of infective endocarditis, routine bacterial cultures do not yield an offending organism. Bartonella species are a known and relatively common cause of culture-negative endocarditis and have been associated with the development of endocarditis-associated glomerulonephritis. We present a case of Bartonella endocarditis–associated glomerulonephritis in which recognition of a characteristic immunofluorescent pattern and thorough investigation of the clinical history led to this uncommon diagnosis.
Transcription factors in inner ear development.

The organs of the inner ear are derived from the otic placode, a region of surface and neural ectoderm on the lateral rhombencephalon that invaginates and pinches off to form a closed sack, the otic vesicle (3, 4). Elongations and distortions of the otic vesicle then create the six separate organs of the mammalian inner ear: the sacculus, the utriculus, and the three semicircular canals of the vestibular system, and the snail-shaped cochlea responsible for auditory sensation (Fig. 1). The auditory and vestibular organs are similar in many respects beyond their common embryonic origin. Both use a single mechanosensitive cell type-the hair cell-as the primary receptor cell. In both systems deflection of the hair cell's ciliary bundle is the proximal stimulus; sensitivity to different physical stimuli (linear acceleration, angular velocity, or acoustic stimuli) is conferred by different accessory structures that convey these stimuli to hair cells in the different organs. Yet there are differences as well: the sensory epithelium in vestibular organs is roughly oval and contains hair
Dream Catchers: Margin Call, Boss, and Climbing the Beanstalk

Two recent popular entertainments, Margin Call (Barnum, Dodson, Jenckes, Moosa, Quinto & Chandor, 2011) and Boss (Safinia, 2011), depict powerful and successful groups of bosses confronting sudden, extreme threats. They are forced to react quickly and sacrifice important values to achieve survival of their organizations. In these emergencies, caused by their own failures, handled with ruthless efficiency, there are no characters exemplifying the upward mobility offered by the American Dream, as conveyed by the children's movie Jack and the Beanstalk (DePew, Goupil & Tunnicliffe, 2010). The pop culture advertisement of “the dream,” which was so common in American movies, is not presented as part of such grim stories.
Machining of depleted uranium using coated cutting tools

The machining of depleted uranium and its alloys are discussed in this article. Traditionally, these materials have been machined, with limited success, using uncoated cutting tools. New developments in titanium-based coatings such as cation-substituted Ti1-x-y-z Al x Cr y Y2N alloys, with y=0.03 and z=0.02, have been shown to offer enhanced high-temperature oxidation resistance compared with the presently used TiN and Ti1-x Al x N films that are deposited to cutting tool surfaces. Layers (3 µm thickness) were deposited by unbalanced magnetron sputter (UBM) deposition to small-grain WC-Co unused cutting tools that had been ion-etched in situ using a steered Cr-metal-ion cathodic arc (CA) discharge at an Ar pressure of 6 × 10−4 mbar (0.45 m Torr). The metal ion etching promoted initial local epitaxy on individual substrate grains while the overall film texture evolved through competitive growth to a (111) plane in Ti0.44Al0.53Cr0.03N alloys and (200) plane in Ti0.43Al0.52Cr0.03Y0.02N alloys. Although Ti0.04Al0.53Cr0.03N layers exhibited a columnar microstructure that was similar to that previously observed in Ti1-x Al x N alloys, the addition of 2 mol% YN resulted in significant grain refinement, giving rise to an equiaxed structure. The Knoop microhardness of Ti0.43Al0.52Cr0.03Y0.02N alloys was HK0.025=2700 kg/mm compared with 2400 kg/mm for Ti0.44Al0.53Cr0.03N alloys. The onset of rapid oxidation, as determined from thermogravimetric measurements, ranged from ≈600 °C for TiN; to 870 °C for Ti0.466Al0.54N; to 920 °C for Ti0.44Al0.53Cr0.03N; to 950 °C for Ti0.43Al0.522Cr0.03Y0.02N. Machining experiments indicated that cutting tool life is improved significantly using Y-doped Ti-based coatings when machining uranium alloys.
THE EFFECT OF STATIN USE PRIOR TO ANGIOGRAPHY ON THE PREVENTION OF CONTRAST INDUCED NEPHROPATHY: A META-ANALYSIS OF 16 RANDOMIZED TRIALS

A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed to better define the role of statin use prior to angiography in preventing contrast induced nephropathy (CIN). We searched MEDLINE, Cochrane library, references from review articles, and conference proceedings to identify randomized controlled
Electrophysiological signs of differential tolerance development to morphine in selected areas of the rabbit brain

Abstract Electrical activity in discrete populations of neurons (multiple-unit activity) was monitored simultaneously in six brain regions of New Zealand rabbits chronically treated with morphine. Morphine sulfate was administered b.i.d. at 10, 20, and 30 mg/kg/ injection, for three days at each dose. Multiple-unit activity was recorded intermttently for ten hours after the morning injection each day. The effect of morphine on all brain areas of naive rabbits was depression of multiple-unit activity; the caudate, dorsal hippocampus, and accumbens were most depressed. With succeeding days the drug-induced depression became less marked, and this is interpreted as evidence for tolerance development. Conspicuosly less evidence for tolerance was noted in periaqueductal grey matter. In some regions, subsequent morphine injections increased multiple-unit activity over control values; this effect was most pronounced in the medial thalamus and mesencephalic reticular formation. These data may be interpreted as evidence for different brain regions being involved with different aspects of opiate action.
Merging Taper Lengths for Lane Closures of Short Duration

The merging taper lengths described in the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices are assumed to apply to roadways of all types. Yet driver expectations and traffic operations differ greatly between the high-speed freeway and the lower-speed, signalized urban street. The research described in this paper investigated the operational impacts of reduced taper lengths on lower-speed urban arterials. The study found that drivers did react differently after merging taper lengths were modified. Both the merging taper and the work vehicle in the closed lane served as visual cues to drivers to vacate the closed lane. On longer taper lengths, channelizing devices were used to motivate drivers to change lanes. Vehicles with occluded views, however, were more likely to become trapped and to create mobility issues in the traffic stream. On shorter taper lengths, drivers reacted to the merging taper and the work vehicle itself. Although fewer vehicles became trapped near the merge point, that point was much closer t...
The prognosis of a normal Tl-201 stress-only SPECT MPI study

Stress-only Tc-99m SPECT myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) decreases test time and patient radiation exposure with a proven benign prognosis of a normal study. The imaging sequence of Tl-201 MPI always starts with the stress portion; therefore, no pre-test decisions are needed regarding the imaging sequence. The recent intermittent Tc-99m shortage afforded the unique opportunity to study an unselected group of patients undergoing Tl-201 imaging. We retrospectively reviewed all the patients who had SPECT MPI with Tc-99m or Tl-201 over a 1-year period. When Tc-99m was not available, patients received Tl-201. All stress Tl-201 images were routinely processed, and if normal, rest imaging was not done. When Tc-99m was used, patients with lower pre-test probability were selected for a stress-first protocol. We compared the all-cause mortality of patients with normal Tl-201 studies to those with normal stress-only and rest-stress Tc-99m studies using the Social Security Death Index. Unadjusted and risk-adjusted survival analysis was performed. Specific causes of death (cardiac or non-cardiac) were determined by medical record review and contact with treating physicians. A total of 3,658 patients underwent stress MPI during this time period. Of the 1,215 patients who had Tl-201 MPI, 716 (67%) had a normal stress-only study. Out of 2,443 patients who underwent Tc-99m MPI, 70% had normal perfusion with 1,098 normal stress-only studies and 493 normal rest-stress studies. The average follow-up was 23.3 ± 5.3 months. Unadjusted all-cause mortality at the end of follow-up was 7.1% in the Tl-201 stress-only group, 6.3% for Tc-99m stress-only patients, and 4.3% in the Tc-99m rest-stress cohort. After controlling for confounding variables, survival was similar in the three groups (HR 1.07, 95% CI 0.62-1.82, P = .82 for normal Tl-201 stress-only compared to normal Tc-99m rest-stress). The risk-adjusted 1-year survival was between 98.5 and 98.8% in the three groups. Normal stress-only Tl-201 SPECT MPI study has a similarly benign prognosis when compared to Tc-99m rest-stress and Tc-99m stress-only normal SPECT MPI studies. The stress-first design allowed for early triage of over 60% of patients and marked improvement in laboratory efficiency due to shortened test time.
Enhanced mass transport in electrogalvanizing systems by hydrogen evolution

Abstract The effect of hydrogen evolution on mass transport during electrogalvanizing was evaluated for a vertical electrode by using a electrochemical tracer. The potentiodynamically measured limiting current of a cadmium tracer was compared with those obtained by the codeposition method at various current densities. The effects of pH on the hydrogen evolution and the mass transfer rate during electrogalvanizing were also determined. The Sherwood number was calculated and compared with that predicted by natural convection. It has been found that the mass transport was mainly enhanced by natural convection at current densities less than 25 mA cm−2 and by simultaneous hydrogen evolution at relatively higher current densities.
Metastable He+(2S12) yield of a hot filament arc discharge ion source in a magnetic field

Abstract The metastable He + (2 S 1 2 ) yield obtained by direct extraction from a hot filament arc discharge ion source in a magnetic studied. The dependence of the metastable fraction of the extracted beam on various ion source parameters is determined. Typical metastable fractions obtained were 0.04% and the maximum metastable fraction was about 0.1%.
The effect of plant‐water stress on potato leafhopper, Empoasca fabae, egg developmental period and mortality

This study documents the impact of water stress in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) on the developmental period and mortality of the egg stage of the potato leafhopper, Empoasca fabae (Harris) (Homoptera: Cicadellidae), and determines the population consequences of these effects. In controlled environment studies water stress in alfalfa resulted in an increase in the developmental period, 134.3, 152.0, and 165.2 centigrade degree days for the control, moderate and severe stress treatments, respectively. However, higher canopy temperatures in water-stressed fields can result in a shifting of the distribution of egg eclosion to an earlier hatch as compared to populations in well-watered fields. There was a large impact on egg mortality, which increased from 21.4% to 36.4% and 48.7% for the same treatments, respectively. Simulation trials using a Leslie Matrix approach suggested these two negative impacts can result in a 13% and 25% decline in E. fabae population size at harvest in moderate and severely stressed alfalfa. Resume Effet d'un stress hydrique chez Medicago sativa sur la duree d'incubation et le mortalite des œufs d' Empoasca fabae Les etudes sur l'impact du stress hydrique des vegetaux sur les populations d'insectes ignorent souvent le stade œuf. Cette etude examine les effets du stress hydrique de M. sativa L. sur la duree de l'incubation et la mortalite des œufs d'E. fabae Harris et determine leurs consequences sur la dynamique des populations de cet insecte. En conditions controlees, le stress hydrique de la luzerne se traduit par une augmentation de la duree de l'incubation, c'est-a-dire respectivement 134,3, 152 et 165,2 degres centigrades jours pour le temoin, et des stress moderes et severes. Toutefois, la temperature plus elevee de la canopee des champs stresses peut provoquer un deplacement de la distribution des eclosions avec des eclosions plus precoces que chez les populations de champs bien arroses. Le stress hydrique de l'hote a un effet marque sur la mortalite des œufs qui augmente respectivement de 21,4 a 36,4 et 48,7% pour les memes experiences. Des tentatives de simulation en utilisant une matrice de Leslie suggerent que ces 2 impacts negatifs peuvent provoquer une diminution de 13 et 25% de la taille des populations de E. fabae a la recolte, chez des luzernes moyennement et severement stressee. Les arguments provenant de la litterature et de sections fines de tiges de luzerne contenant des œufs de cicadelles suggerent que les facteurs responsables de ces effets sont: 1) la limitation de la prise d'eau par l'œuf en developpement; 2) des difficultes lors de l'eclosion ou de l'emergence des tissus de la plante.
ActionScript bytecode verification with co-logic programming (abstract only)

A prototype security policy verification system for ActionScript binaries is presented, whose implementation leverages recent advances in co-logic programming. Our experience with co-logic programming indicates that it is an extremely useful paradigm for elegantly expressing algorithms that lie at the heart of model-checking technologies. This results in an unusually small trusted computing base, making the verification system well-suited to frameworks like certifying in-lined reference monitoring systems, which require small, light-weight verifiers. Preliminary experiments and progress are discussed.
War and Postwar Transformation of Urban Areas: The 1948 War and the Incorporation of Jaffa into Tel Aviv

War is a distinctive form of human-made catastrophe whose impact in many cases reaches far beyond the actual places of its occurrence. While regarded a catastrophe in areas exposed to acts of belligerency, in the rear war might generate a process of major development, resulting in a conclusive spatial transformation process. In both front and rear areas, the outcomes of wartime drastic processes are mostly short lived, gradually eradicated through the dynamics of postwar restoration and development. Drastic wartime events may turn cities into areas of devastation, depopulation, and misery but may also generate rapid development and change. In war-stricken areas of the stormy twentieth century, such as Europe, East Asia, and the Middle East, the formation of urban spaces and the shaping of urban landscapes were consequent to interplay between drastic and dynamic processes. Wartime emergencies frequently resulted in a rapid and wide-ranging though ephemeral process of spatial change. Postwar years were time...
Post-Hayekian socialism a la Burczak: Observations

Burczak (Socialism after Hayek, Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2006) presents a proposed form of stakeholder socialism to overcome the critique by Hayek of Marxist socialist systems. This involves financing the beginning of worker-owned and managed cooperatives through a wealth tax, with a generous social safety net, within a market economy in a democratic political system with civil liberties. While such a system may overcome worker alienation, avoid many of the informational and incentive-based inefficiencies identified by Hayek, and have some special efficiencies of its own, it will likely suffer from the financing problems most cooperatives face within predominantly market capitalist economies as they try to grow larger. The most likely location for an effort at such a system might be in a smaller country that has had some experience with workers’ management, such as the former Yugoslav republic of Slovenia.
Hydrodynamics of the bluegill sunfish C-start escape response: three-dimensional simulations and comparison with experimental data

In this work we study the hydrodynamics of a bluegill sunfish performing a C-start maneuver in unprecedented detail using 3-D numerical simulations guided by previous laboratory experiments with live fish. The 3-D fish body geometry and kinematics are reconstructed from the experiments using high-speed video and prescribed as input to the numerical simulation. The calculated instantaneous flow fields at various stages of the C-start maneuver are compared with the two-dimensional particle image velocimetry measurements, and are shown to capture essentially all flow features observed in the measurements with good quantitative accuracy; the simulations reveal the experimentally observed three primary jet flow patterns whose momentum time series are in very good agreement with the measured flow field. The simulations elucidate for the first time the complex 3-D structure of the wake during C-starts, revealing an intricate vortical structure consisting of multiple connected vortex loops at the end of the C-start. We also find that the force calculated based on the 3-D flow field has higher magnitudes than that implied by the jet momentum on the midplane, and it exhibits large and rapid fluctuations during the two stages of the C-start. These fluctuations are physical and are related to the change in the direction of the acceleration of the fish body, which changes the location of the high and low pressure pockets around the fish.
Collective excitations of helium clusters.

The excitation spectra of compressional modes of {sup 4}He{sub {ital N}}, {ital N}=20, 70, and 240, clusters at 0 K are calculated by treating the cluster as a quantum liquid drop. The spectrum of {ital N}=240 strongly resembles that of liquid helium with a visible roton structure, while for {ital N}=20 no roton minimum is seen and {ital N}=70 shows a weak minimum. Implications of these findings for superfluidity in helium clusters are discussed.
Wound-peritoneal shunts: part of the complex management of anterior dural lacerations in patients with ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament.

Abstract Background The complex management of dural lacerations occurring after the resection of multilevel ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) requires further clarification. Methods Both preoperative MR and CT studies documented multilevel ventral cord compression attributed to OPLL with kyphosis in 82 patients requiring multilevel anterior corpectomy/fusion (ACF) (average, 2.6 levels) followed by posterior fusion (PF) (average, 6.6 levels) under the same anesthetic. The 5 patients who developed intraoperative dural lacerations/penetration demonstrated the single-layer sign (2 patients: large central mass) or the double-layer sign (3 patients: hyperdense/hypodense/hyperdense layers) on preoperative 2-dimensional CT studies. All 5 patients were managed with complex dural repair (sheep pericardial grafts, fibrin sealant, microfibrillar collagen) and had shunts placed (wound-peritoneal and lumboperitoneal). Results After complex dural repair/shunting, all 5 intraoperative dural lacerations (DLs) resolved. The application of low-pressure wound-peritoneal shunts was unique to this study (Uni-Shunts, Codman, Johnson and Johnson, Dorchester, Mass). The proximal end is placed lateral/parallel to the fibula strut graft/plate complex, whereas the distal catheter is tunneled into the peritoneum in the right upper quadrant (always prepared and draped in anticipation of the need for a shunt). Conclusions Of 82 patients undergoing multilevel anterior corpectomy for OPLL/kyphosis, 5 developed intraoperative DLs successfully managed with a complex dural repair, wound-peritoneal, and lumboperitoneal shunting procedures.
STUDY OF METAL CATALYSTS BY TEMPERATURE PROGRAMMED DESORPTION. 1. CHEMISORPTION OF ETHYLENE ON SILICA-SUPPORTED PLATINUM,

Abstract An attempt was made to extend the temperature programmed desorption (TPD) technique to the study of metal catalysts by investigating the chemisorption and surface reactions of ethylene on silica-supported platinum. Self-hydrogenation was observed at room temperature as an important part of the process. In addition, a large fraction of ethylene remained irreversibly adsorbed, undergoing farther self-hydrogenation at about 100 ° and decomposition to methane at around 220 ° as the temperature was raised during the subsequent TPD. A second decomposition, observed at temperatures higher than 500 °, is probably due to the formation of methane from the fragmental surface residue left after the first (lower temperature) decomposition. The temperature programmed desorption technique was applied in this instance not only to the simple desorption processes but also to the surface reactions which give desorbed material different from the initially chemisorbed species.
Long‐term and seasonal variations in the levels of hydrogen peroxide, methylhydroperoxide, and selected compounds over the Pacific Ocean

[1] The National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Global Tropospheric Experiment program has conducted five sampling programs examining the Pacific troposphere from 1991 to 2001. Flights on two aircraft, a P3-B and DC-8, sampled the Pacific troposphere at altitudes from 0.5 km to 13 km and from 130°E to 115°W and from 65°N to 70°S. Long-term trends in the observed species mixing ratios in different geographic regions are presented. Changes in species mixing ratios are discussed with respect to changes in source, transport, and photochemical production and loss processes over the decade study period. CH4 and CO2 exhibited average annual mixing ratio increases of 6.39 ppbv yr−1 and 1.92 ppmv yr−1, respectively. O3, CO, and NO all exhibit significantly higher mixing ratios in the north Pacific troposphere in the spring than in the fall. However, there is no clear annual trend for these species. H2O2 mixing ratios were 38 ± 16% higher (Δ(fall–spring) 258 ± 34 pptv), and CH3OOH was 61 ± 15% higher (Δ343 ± 76 pptv) throughout the Pacific troposphere in the fall than in the spring. During 2001, SO2 loading in the North Pacific is 2–3 times larger than during earlier years. Anthropogenic tracer gases, C2H6, C3H8, C2H2, and C2Cl4, do not exhibit comparable increases in their average mixing ratios during the decade study period. CH3I, a tracer for oceanic emission, also does not exhibit an increase in 2001. Sulfur loading characterized by SO2 also does not exhibit a clear annual trend. The enhanced sulfur loading during 2001 appears to have resulted in a suppression of H2O2 mixing ratios in the lower troposphere throughout the midlatitude North Pacific.
Efficacy and toxicity of a CCNU-containing high-dose chemotherapy regimen followed by autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation in relapsed or refractory Hodgkin's disease

High-dose CBV (cyclophosphamide, carmustine, and etoposide) in combination with autologous HCT achieves survival rates of approximately 50% at 5 years in recurrent or refractory Hodgkin's disease (HD). However, carmustine (BCNU) dose-dependent pulmonary toxicity occurs in 20% to 30% of patients. A decreased incidence of interstitial pneumonitis as well as a possible benefit in efficacy has been reported with lomustine (CCNU) compared to BCNU in the standard dose setting. In a dose-escalation study, we substituted CCNU for BCNU in the CBV regimen for 16 patients with HD (n = 12) or non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (n = 4). Based on the promising results, an additional 47 consecutive patients with HD were treated with the following regimen: CCNU (15 mg/kg) orally on day -6, etoposide (60 mg/kg) intravenously on day -4, and cyclophosphamide (100 mg/kg) intravenously on day -2. Peripheral blood progenitor cells and/or bone marrow were infused on day 0. With a median follow-up for the surviving patients of 3.2 years (range, 0.8-9.9 years), the 3-year overall survival rate was 57% (CI, +/-15%), event-free survival was 52% (CI, +/-14%), and freedom from progression was 68% (CI, +/-14%). There were 21 deaths, 10 due to HD. Six patients died due to respiratory failure. Interstitial pneumonitis occurred in 63% of patients and could not be correlated with prior chest radiotherapy. This regimen demonstrated survival rates similar to those of historical studies that used the CBV regimen. However, the incidence of interstitial pneumonitis was in excess of expected.
Characterizing the Stability of Carbon Nanotube-Enhanced Water as a Phase Change Material for Thermal Management Systems

Carbon nanotube (CNT) suspensions have shown promise as a heat transfer nanofluid due to their relatively high thermal conductivity and ability to remain in stable suspension for long durations. To assess their potential as a phase change material for thermal management systems, the stability of such suspensions under repeated phase change cycles is investigated. Electrical resistance testing was used to monitor stability of the CNT network during freeze-thaw cycling. With distilled water as the base fluid, the effects of CNT size and type, CNT concentration, surfactant type and concentration, and processing parameters were investigated. Nanofluids tested included laboratory-prepared and commercially supplied samples. Experiments showed breakdown of the nanofluid in less than 12 phase change cycles for all samples tested. Ultrasonication after breakdown was shown to restore resistance values to prebreakdown levels. The results suggest the use of CNT-enhanced water as a phase change material presents a significant operational challenge due to instability of the CNT network during phase change cycling. Should the use of such nanofluids be warranted as a phase change material, electrical resistance testing along with repeated ultrasonication may be considered as a means to control and monitor stability of the nanoparticle suspension in service.
The Ligand Binding Domain of GCNF Is Not Required for Repression of Pluripotency Genes in Mouse Fetal Ovarian Germ Cells

In mice, successful development and reproduction require that all cells, including germ cells, transition from a pluripotent to a differentiated state. This transition is associated with silencing of the pluripotency genes Oct4 and Nanog. Interestingly, these genes are repressed at different developmental timepoints in germ and somatic cells. Ovarian germ cells maintain their expression until about embryonic day (E) 14.5, whereas somatic cells silence them much earlier, at about E8.0. In both somatic cells and embryonic stem cells, silencing of Oct4 and Nanog requires the nuclear receptor GCNF. However, expression of the Gcnf gene has not been investigated in fetal ovarian germ cells, and whether it is required for silencing Oct4 and Nanog in that context is not known. Here we demonstrate that Gcnf is expressed in fetal ovarian germ cells, peaking at E14.5, when Oct4 and Nanog are silenced. However, conditional ablation of the ligand-binding domain of Gcnf using a ubiquitous, tamoxifen-inducible Cre indicates that Gcnf is not required for the down-regulation of pluripotency genes in fetal ovarian germ cells, nor is it required for initiation of meiosis and oogenesis. These results suggest that the silencing of Oct4 and Nanog in germ cells occurs via a different mechanism from that operating in somatic cells during gastrulation.
Particle size distribution by sedimentation/steric field-flow fractionation: development of a calibration procedure based on density compensation.

Because of the important but mathematically complex role played by hydrodynamic lift forces in sedimentation/steric FFF, applied generally to particles greater than 1 micron in diameter, retention cannot readily be related to particle diameter on the basis of simple theory. Consequently, empirical calibration is needed. Unfortunately, retention is based on particle density as well as size so that a purely size-based calibration (e.g., with polystyrene latex standards) is not generally valid. By examining the balance between driving and lift forces, it is concluded that equal retention will be observed for equal size particles subject to equal driving forces irrespective of particle density. Therefore by adjusting the rotation rate to exactly compensate for density, retention can be brought in line with that of standards, a conclusion verified by microscopy. Linear calibration plots of log (retention time) versus log (diameter) can then be used. This approach is applied to two glass bead samples (5-30 and 5-50 microns) using both a conventional and a pinched inlet channel. The resulting size distribution curves are self consistent and in good agreement with results obtained independently.
TU‐D‐J‐6C‐07: A Method for Acquiring PET Images Without Breathing Motion Artifacts

Purpose: PET images typically require many minutes to acquire, so breathing motion can cause the tumor shape to be inaccurately reconstructed. Using a multislice PET/CT scanner to quantitatively acquire 4-dimensional computed tomography (4DCT) and gated PET, a breathing motion-artifact free PET image study can be generated achieving statistical precision as if the patient underwent breath-hold throughout the PET-scan procedure. Method and Materials: The motion of lung structures, including tumors, is mapped by 4DCT as a function of tidal volume using our novel 5-dimensional breathing motion model. The PET scan is performed using spirometry-measured tidal volume and the PET data is stored using list mode. The user selects the phase of breathing for which the PET image is to be reconstructed and the corresponding list-mode data is extracted to reconstruct an image. The gated-CT scans provide quantitative attenuation correction that is accurate with respect to breathing phase. This process is repeated for all breathing phases and using the trajectory maps the reconstructed images are deformably mapped to a reference-breathing phase. This process was tested using a computer-controlled phantom moving in a motion pattern mimicking breathing motion. Three target spheres (1cm, 2cm, 3cm diameters) filled with 11C solution were embedded into a cylindrical phantom filled with 18F solution to provide a series of relative target-to-background activities. Results: Without gating, the target spheres were deformed and the low target-to-background small-target image was lost in the background noise. These problems were alleviated when the images were mapped to a common motion “phase”. Conclusion: The phantom data showed that motion artifacts can be quantitatively removed yielding a high statistics image dataset without compromising PET acquisition time or patient dose. This process will provide the radiation-oncology clinician with PET images having unrivaled spatial resolution and sensitivity for target definition in the thoracic and abdominal regions.
Stellar contributions to the hard X-ray galactic ridge

The number density of serendipitous sources in galactic plane Einstein Observatory IPC fields are compared with predictions based on the intensity of the HEAO-1 A2 unresolved hrd X-ray galactic ridge emission. It is concluded that theoretically predicted X-ray source populations of luminosity 8 x 10 to the 32nd power to 3 x 10 to the 34th power ergs s have 2 KeV to 10 KeV local surface densities of less than approximately .0008 L(32) pc/2 and are unlikely to be the dominant contributors to the hard X-ray ridge. An estimate for Be/neutron star binary systems, such as X Persei, gives a 2 keV to 10 keV local surface density of approximately 26 x 10 to the -5 power L(32) pc/2. Stellar systems of low luminosity, are more likely contributors. Both RS CVn and cataclysmic variable systems contribute 43% + or - 18% of the ridge. A more sensitive measurement of the ridge's hard X-ray spectrum should reveal Fe-line emission. We speculate that dM stars are further major contributors.
Response artifacts in the measurement of subjective well-being

The degree to which response artifacts introduce error into self-report measures has long been a matter of concern in the psychological literature. For example, it has been suggested that self-report measures of subjective well-being (SWB) contain large amounts of variance due to the response style of social desirability (Carstensen and Cone, 1983). In the present study, four potential response artifacts (social desirability, current mood, moral beliefs about happiness, and happiness image management) and their effects on self reports of SWB were studied. Using nonself-report measures of happiness, in addition to self-report measures of SWB, various modes for the prediction of SWB were constructed. A measure of social desirability was found to be a significant predictor of nonself-report as well as self-reported measures of happiness, indicating that social desirability is a substantive personality characteristic which enhances well-being, rather than being a response artifact and source of error variance. Current mood was found to sometimes contribute as a predictor of self-report measures of SWB, suggesting the need for control of or assessment of its effects. Moral beliefs in happiness and image management did not significantly correlate with measures of happiness. Implications of the results for the measurement of well-being and for future research are discussed.
An introduction to openMP

OpenMP is the industry standard technology for writing explicitly parallel programs for shared memory computers. OpenMP is easy to use with most of the constructs consisting of simple compiler directives. These directives create threads, split work between them, and manage how data is shared. In this tutorial, I will provide a comprehensive introduction to OpenMP. We will discuss the origins of OpenMP, the programming model behind it, and the basic syntax of the language. While we assume the students know Fortran or C in a Unix environment, we do not require any background in parallel programming. Finally, at this point, I can't predict how the content of the tutorial will be divided between advanced and introductory material. I will determine this at the beginning of the tutorial based on the backgrounds of the students. My goal is to make the experience valuable regardless of the parallel computing experience of the students. Proceedings of the 1st International Symposium on Cluster Computing and the Grid (CCGRID ’01) 0-7695-1010-8/01 $10.00 © 2001 IEEE
The N-vortex problem on a rotating sphere. I Multi-frequency configurations

The problem of N -point vortices moving on a rotating unit sphere is considered. Through a sequence of linear coordinate transformations, which takes into account the orientation of the centre of vorticity vector with respect to the axis of rotation, we show how to reduce the problem to that on a non-rotating sphere, where the centre of vorticity vector is aligned with the z -axis. As a consequence, we prove that integrability on the rotating sphere is the same as on the non-rotating sphere, namely, the three-vortex problem on the rotating sphere is integrable for all vortex strengths, while the four-vortex problem is integrable in the special case where the centre of vorticity is zero. Rigid multi-frequency configurations that retain their shape while rotating about two independent axes with two independent frequencies are obtained, and necessary conditions for one- and two-frequency motions are derived. Examples including dipoles which exhibit global ‘wobbling’ and ‘tumbling’ dynamics, rings, and Platonic solid configurations are shown to undergo either periodic or quasi-periodic evolution on the rotating sphere depending on the ratio of the solid-body rotational frequency Ω to the rotational frequency ω associated with the rigid structure.
Yoga and Pilates: associations with body image and disordered-eating behaviors in a population-based sample of young adults.

Objective: To examine associations between participating in mind-body activities (yoga/Pilates) and body dissatisfaction and disordered eating (unhealthy and extreme weight control practices and binge eating) in a population-based sample of young adults. Method: The sample included 1,030 young men and 1,257 young women (mean age: 25.3 years, SD 5 1.7) who participated in Project EAT-III (Eating and Activity in Teens and Young Adults). Results: Among women, disordered eating was prevalent in yoga/Pilates participants and nonparticipants, with no differences between the groups. Men participating in yoga/Pilates were more likely to use extreme weight control behaviors (18.6% vs. 6.8%, p 5 .006) and binge eating (11.6% vs. 4.2%, p 5 .023), and marginally more likely to use unhealthy weight control behaviors (49.1% vs. 34.5%; p 5 .053), than nonparticipants after adjusting for sociodemographics, weight status, and overall physical activity.
Spontaneous Ca2+ Oscillations and Waves in Pulmonary Vascular Endothelial Cells

Calcium is a ubiquitous second messenger that regulates a number of cellular processes in both excitable and nonexcitable cells.1 2 3 Transient elevations in [Ca2+]i (Ca2+ transients) are important for the regulation of intracellular processes, and when these Ca2+ transients are propagated as Ca2+ waves, they may influence or regulate signaling between cells and through tissues. Intracellular and intercellular Ca2+ waves have been observed in a variety of cell types and are initiated principally by two types of mechanisms: (1) stimulus-mediated mechanisms (eg, chemical agonist, electrical, or mechanical stimuli) and (2) spontaneously occurring mechanisms. In general, spontaneous Ca2+ waves have been observed predominantly in excitable cells1 (eg, skeletal, cardiac, and vascular smooth muscle cells). Nonexcitable cells, such as endothelial cells, which have been studied principally in isolation or in cell culture preparations, do not show typically spontaneous Ca2+ waves, although they do show occasional sporadic Ca2+ oscillations.4 5 6 Therefore, the prevailing view of Ca2+ regulation in pulmonary endothelial cells is that [Ca2+]i is relatively uniform in the absence of chemical agonists or mechanical stimulation. However, the article by Ying …
Computational modeling of physiological systems

in recent years, the development of information-gathering technologies such as high-throughput technology in genomics and proteomics, and the introduction of related techniques for managing and mining large-scale data, have facilitated a dramatic increase in the degree of quantification applied to
Cyclosporine a in the Treatment of Dermatologic Diseases

Systemic corticosteroids, used alone or in combination with cytotoxic drugs, have long been the mainstay of therapy for autoimmune-mediated dermatologic diseases. Since their introduction in 1949, corticosteroids have been used extensively in the treatment of diverse dermatologic disorders including systemic lupus erythematosus, dermatomyositis, bullous pemphigoid, pemphigus, herpes gestationis, erythema multiforme, scleroderma, sarcoidosis, and acute contact dermatoses. In general, systemic steroids are not used for the treatment of psoriasis since they may lead to rebound or even pustular flare when steroid therapy is discontinued.
COLOR OF ANTHOCYANIN SOLUTIONS EXPRESSED IN LIGHTNESS AND CHROMATICITY TERMS. Effect of pH and Type of Anthocyanin

The combined effects of pH (3.0–3.8) and anthocyanin concentration on the color and spectral characteristics of aqueous solutions were studied with a number of anthocyanin glucosides. Color data, obtained with a Hunter Color Meter, were treated by plotting the “L” values against the corresponding “a,”“b,” hue angle and saturation chromaticity values, showing that maximum chromaticity values occurred at middle “L” values, and that these chromaticity values were increased when the pH was decreased. The predominantly red hues of anthocyanin solutions had more purple character at very low or very high “L” values, and when the pH was raised, or the anthocyanin had a greater degree of hydroxylation or methoxylation or when the anthocyanin was glycosylated in the 5 position as well as the 3 position. The range of hues, from orange to purple, obtainable with individual anthocyanins was dependent on the type of anthocyanin. At equal concentrations and pH the 3-monoglucosides gave darker solutions (lower “L” values) than 3,5-diglucosides. Wavelengths of maximum absorbance decreased as the anthocyanin concentration increased. The results might find application in standardizing the color of beverages containing anthocyanins.