cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Neurotransmitter involvement in naloxone-induced stimulation of pulsatile LH release on day 8 of pregnancy in the rat.

Abstract Naloxone, an endogenous opioid peptide (EOP) receptor antagonist, increases LH pulse frequency and amplitude in early gestation in the rat (7). The object of this study was to further explore the suppression of pulsatile LH release by EOPs on day 8 of pregnancy by examining whether inhibition of norepinephrine (NE) or epinephrine (EPIN) synthesis, or stimulation of μ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-B receptors, modified the ability of naloxone infusion (0.5 mg/kg/hr for 3.5 hr) to stimulate pulsatile LH secretion. Blood sampling (50 μl whole blood/5 min) began 0.5 hr after the onset of infusion. Three studies were conducted. 1) LY 134046 (PNMT inhibitor, 50 mg/kg IP), given at − 27, − 20, and − 3 hr relative to the onset of a 3-hr blood sampling period, produced no change in hypothalamic-preoptic area (HPOA) levels of NE, and a 76% decline in HPOA-EPIN levels, as determined by HPLC. Although basal LH pulse frequency was reduced, this treatment had no effect on the stimulatory action of naloxone on pulsatile LH release. 2) FLA-63 (DBH inhibitor, 25 mg/kg IP) given at − 3 hr produced a 72% decline in HPOA-NE levels, a 44% decrease in HPOA-EPIN values, and blocked the stimulatory action of naloxone on LH pulse frequency. Since depletion of HPOA-EPIN by LY 134046 did not compromise the LH response to naloxone, this effect of FLA-63 is due to depletion of HPOA-NE levels. 3) While saline had no effect on the increased pulsatile LH release caused by naloxone, administration of baclofen (GABA-B receptor agonist, 6 mg/kg IV) suppressed the pulsatile LH secretory response to naloxone infusion. These data demonstrate that inhibition of NE but not EPIN synthesis, or stimulation of GABA-B receptors, are both capable of interfering with naloxone-induced stimulation of pulsatile LH release on day 8 of pregnancy in the rat.
Influence of absorption on quantitative analysis in Raman spectroscopy

Abstract Absorption of both the excitation and Raman scattered light by the sample (self-absorption) is common in UV Raman spectroscopy and sometimes in visible and FT-Raman spectroscopy due to electronic or vibrational excitation. Self-absorption affects Raman bands and usually results in a non-linear relationship between the Raman intensity and sample concentration. This paper compares quantitative analysis methods for Raman measurements of absorbing liquid and solid samples. Methods based on both internal and external standards can be used to correct for self-absorption. Examples including both liquid (1-methylnaphthalene/isooctane) and solid (V/δ-Al2O3) systems were used to compare the effectiveness of these methods. The results show that as long as certain restrictions on the use of these analysis methods are satisfied, the self-absorption problem in Raman spectroscopy can be accurately corrected.
Race Contributes to Beta-Blocker Efficacy in Pediatric Patients With Arrhythmias

In African-American (AA) adults, β-blockers (BB) have been reported to be less efficacious treating cardiac disease compared with whites (CAUC). This has been attributed to genetic polymorphisms of β-receptors. It is unknown if racial differences affect response to BB in pediatric patients with arrhythmias. AA and CAUC ≤18 years of age were included if they underwent treadmill stress testing while receiving metoprolol, atenolol, nadolol, or carvedilol. Patient demographics, resting heart rate (HR), maximum HR, and BB variables were collected. CAUC patients were matched on a 2:1 basis by age and sex to AA patients. Patients were blunted if HR was <90 % of maximum predicted HR for same-age patients on a modified Bruce protocol treadmill stress test. Long-term follow-up for breakthrough arrhythmias was documented. 78 patients were included (26 AA, 52 CAUC). No differences were noted in demographics, medication dose, BB or arrhythmia type, or baseline, maximal, or % HR change (p = not significant [NS]). On univariate analysis, fewer AA achieved a blunted HR during treadmill testing compared with CAUC (65 vs. 86 %, p = 0.03). On multivariate analysis, AA were less likely to have an HR blunted by BB (OR 0.18, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 0.04–0.75, p = 0.02) compared with CAUC. During the 1-year follow-up period, AA trended toward having one (58 vs. 40 %, p = 0.14) or multiple instances (38 vs. 26 %, p = 0.26) of breakthrough arrhythmia on cardiac Holter monitor testing. Race appears to affect the efficacy of BB therapy in pediatric patients with arrhythmias. Future studies to identify genetic polymorphisms in this patient subset are necessary.
Assessment of the presence and quality of osteoporosis prevention education among at-risk internal medicine patients.

OBJECTIVE Appropriate calcium and vitamin D intake for the prevention of osteoporosis represents an important component of osteoporosis prevention education (OPE). We sought to assess the presence and quality of OPE among osteoporotic and at-risk inpatients. DESIGN Prospective chart review plus cross-sectional interview. SETTING One academic tertiary referral medical center in Rochester, Minnesota. PARTICIPANTS Adults admitted to an inpatient medicine service who were determined to be at risk for osteoporosis based on an investigator-developed screening tool or previously diagnosed with osteoporosis. Four hundred sixtyfour patients were screened, 192 patients were approached for participation, and 150 patients consented to be interviewed for the study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Source of OPE, rates of appropriate calcium intake and supplementation. RESULTS OPE from a health care provider was reported by 31.3% of patients, with only one patient reporting education from a pharmacist. Self OPE and no OPE were received by 29.3% and 39.3% of patients, respectively. Appropriate overall calcium intake was found in 30.7% of patients, and only 21.3% of patients were taking an appropriate calcium salt. CONCLUSION Patients with osteoporosis and risk factors for osteoporosis lack adequate education from health care providers regarding appropriate intake of dietary and supplemental calcium and vitamin D. A particular deficit was noted in pharmacist-provided education. Specific education targeting elemental calcium amounts, salt selection, and vitamin D intake should be provided to increase the presence of appropriate overall calcium consumption.
Factors Affecting the Correspondence of Funding and Personnel Recommendations in Gubernatorial Budget Decisions: A Research Note

requests and spending, executive recommendations, and legislative appropriations. Indeed, in her recent review of the major literature on normative and descriptive budget theory, Irene Rubin (1990) cited no works based on non-dollar measures. The assumption underlying these studies has been that dollar amounts and changes in them from year to year accurately reflect policy priorities and programmatic needs. What if this assumption is incomplete? Only John Wanat appears to have explicitly studied that possibility (1976, 1978). In budget studies of the federal level, he found inherent problems of confusing dollar increases due to inflation or mandates with those due to expression of programmatic and policy concerns and priorities. Specifically, he discovered that the commonly presumed tendency of legislators to follow executives' recommendations on programs, based on the strong correlation between recommended expenditures and appropriations, diminished when personnel figures were substituted for dollar amounts. Personnel measures were not consid-
A Saccharomyces gene family involved in invasive growth, cell–cell adhesion, and mating

The cell wall of bakers' yeast contains a family of glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol (GPI)-linked glycoproteins of domain structure similar to the adhesins of pathogenic fungi. In wild-type cells each of these proteins has a unique function in different developmental processes (mating, invasive growth, cell–cell adhesion, or filamentation). What unifies these developmental events is adhesion, either to an inert substrate or to a cell. Although they differ in their specificities, many of these proteins can substitute for each other when overexpressed. For example, Flo11p is required during vegetative growth for haploid invasion and diploid filamentation, whereas Fig2p is required for mating. When overexpressed, Flo11p and Fig2p can function in mating, invasion, filamentation, and flocculation. The ability of Flo11p to supply Fig2p function in mating depends on its intracellular localization to the mating projection, where Fig2p normally functions in the adhesion of mating cells. Our data show that even distant family members retain the ability to carry out disparate functions if localized and expressed appropriately.
Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase Is Required for the Localization of Telomerase RNA to Cajal Bodies and Telomeres in Human Cancer Cells

Telomere maintenance by telomerase is critical for the unlimited division potential of most human cancer cells. The two essential components of human telomerase, telomerase RNA (hTR) and telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT), are recruited from distinct subnuclear sites to telomeres during S phase. Throughout the remainder of the cell cycle hTR is found primarily in Cajal bodies. The localization of hTR to Cajal bodies and telomeres is specific to cancer cells where telomerase is active and is not observed in primary cells. Here we show that the trafficking of hTR to both telomeres and Cajal bodies depends on hTERT. RNA interference-mediated depletion of hTERT in cancer cells leads to loss of hTR from both Cajal bodies and telomeres without affecting hTR levels. In addition, expression of hTERT in telomerase-negative cells (including primary and ALT cancer cell lines) induces hTR to localize to both sites. Factors that did not stimulate hTR localization in our experiments include increased hTR RNA levels and Cajal body numbers, and expression of SV40 large T antigen and oncogenic Ras. Our findings suggest that the trafficking of telomerase to Cajal bodies and telomeres in cancer cells correlates with and depends on the assembly of the enzyme.
Effect of growth rate on properties of Ga0.51In0.49P grown by organometallic vapor phase epitaxy

The influence of growth rate on the properties of Ga0.51In0.49P grown by organometallic vapor phase epitaxy (OMVPE) was studied. It was found that surface morphology, band gap energy, and the degree of ordering on the group III sublattice for Ga0.51In0.49P layers grown on GaAs oriented 2–3° off (001) towards [110] were dependent on the growth rate. When the growth rate was decreased from 12 to 4.1 μm/h at a growth temperature of 680°C and a V/III ratio of 150, the surface morphology degraded, the band gap at 300 K decreased 40 meV. The spots due to ordering in the transmission electron diffraction patterns varied from weak wavy streaks at high growth rates to strong round spots at low growth rates, indicative of an increase in the degree of order and the size of the ordered domains. A mechanism of the growth rate effect on the properties of OMVPE-grown GaInP layers is discussed.
Airborne bistatic radar for external hazard detection and avoidance

The detection and avoidance of external hazards is an important aspect of overall efforts to improve the safety of future aircraft. Advanced sensor concepts may enhance the detection and quantification of risk due to external hazards. Such sensors, when integrated into cockpit operations, may substantially improve vehicle safety. This paper will describe research efforts to develop a simulation environment to evaluated advanced microwave sensor concepts such as airborne bistatic radars utilizing multiple non-cooperative illuminators or emitters-of-opportunity to detect weather hazards, area traffic, runway incursions, or other potential aircraft hazards. We will present initial efforts to develop a flexible microwave sensor simulation and assessment tool. This tool will be developed to assess the feasibility of various sensor concepts. Existing and potential future capability of the simulation environment will be described. In addition, the results of the application of the simulation tool to a bistatic sensor concept will be presented.
Fragmentation of a Golgi-Localized Chimeric Protein Allows Detergent Solubilization and Reveals an Alternate Conformation of the Cytoplasmic Domain†

Golgi resident proteins maintain their localization despite a continual protein and lipid flux through the organelle. To study Golgi retention mechanisms, we have focused upon the chimeric protein Gm1. This protein contains the Golgi transmembrane domain targeting signal from the infectious bronchitis virus M protein and the lumenal and cytoplasmic domain of the vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein (VSV G). The Gm1 protein is targeted to the Golgi where it forms an unusually stable detergent-resistant oligomer. The formation of oligomeric structures may aid retention of Golgi resident proteins. Thus, determining the stabilization mechanism may shed light on Golgi protein retention. Previous work determined that the transmembrane domain is required for the targeting and oligomerization of Gm1, but it is the cytoplasmic tail that stabilizes the complexes [Weisz, O. A., Swift, A. M., and Machamer, C. E. (1993) J. Cell Biol. 122, 1185-1196]. However, further study of the oligomer has been difficult due to its insolubility. Here we report that fragmenting the Gm1 protein into several pieces facilitates solubilization by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). By analyzing the fragments produced after cleavage, we determined that the stability of the oligomer is not caused by covalent linkage of Gm1 to itself or other proteins. The fragment corresponding to the transmembrane domain and tail of Gm1 had an enhanced mobility in SDS gels relative to the same fragment of the parent VSV G protein. The enhanced migration of the tail fragment does not reflect sequence differences or post-translational modification, but correlates with Golgi localization and oligomerization. We suggest that the enhanced mobility of the Gm1 tail fragment reflects an altered conformation which serves to stabilize the detergent-resistant oligomers.
Abstract C34: WAVE3 is required for TGF-β-mediated EMT

Breast cancer (BC) is the second leading cause of cancer death in women in the United States. Metastasis accounts for the death of ~90% of these patients, yet the mechanisms underlying this event remain poorly defined. WAVE3 belongs to the WASP/WAVE family of actin-binding proteins that mediate essential roles in regulating cell shape/morphology, actin polymerization and cytoskeleton remodeling, and cell motility and invasion. Accordingly, we have shown that WAVE3 promotes the acquisition of invasive and metastatic phenotypes by human BCs. Along these lines, we also established that members of the miR-200 family, together with miR-31 suppress WAVE3 expression, thereby limiting its prometastatic behavior. We show here that Transforming Growth Factor-beta (TGFβ;) robustly decreases miR-31 expression and induces WAVE3 expression through a Smad2 and β3-integrin dependent mechanism. Moreover, WAVE3 expression is required for BC cells to undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in response to TGF-β;. Accordingly, stable depletion of WAVE3 expression in metastatic MDA-MB-231 or 4T1 BC cells prevented TGF-β; from inducing the EMT as determined by monitoring changes in the actin cytoskeleton and expression of EMT markers by real-time PCR. Along these lines, WAVE3 depletion significantly inhibited the ability of 4T1 cells to migrate and proliferate in response to TGF-β;. Moreover, WAVE3 deficiency abrogated the outgrowth of MDA-MB-231 and 4T1 cell organoids in 3D organotypic cultures. In vivo bioluminescent imaging indicated that WAVE3 knockdown also decreased tumor growth and metastasis in 4T1 tumors that possess enhanced autocrine TGF-β; signaling. Collectively, these findings indicate that WAVE3 activity is required for TGF-β;-mediated EMT and suggest that measures capable of inactivating WAVE3 may alleviate BC metastasis stimulated by TGF-β;. Citation Format: Molly A. Taylor, Gangarao Davuluri, Brian McCue, Edward F. Plow, William P. Schiemann, Khalid Sossey-Alaoui. WAVE3 is required for TGF-β-mediated EMT. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Invasion and Metastasis; Jan 20-23, 2013; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(3 Suppl):Abstract nr C34.
Energy-Aware Scheduling for Frame-Based Tasks on Heterogeneous Multiprocessor Platforms

Modern computational systems have adopted heterogeneous multiprocessors to increase their computation capability. As the performance increases, the energy consumption in these systems also increases significantly. Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling (DVFS), which allows processors to dynamically adjust their supply voltages and execution frequencies to work on different power/energy levels, is considered an efficient scheme to achieve the goal of saving energy. In this paper, we consider scheduling frame-based tasks on DVFS-enabled heterogeneous multiprocessor platforms with the goal of achieving minimal overall energy consumption. We consider three types of heterogeneous platforms, namely, dependent platforms without runtime adjusting, dependent platforms with runtime adjusting, and independent platforms. For all of these three platforms, we first introduce a Relaxation-based Naive Rounding Algorithm (RNRA), which can produce good solutions for some cases, but may be unstable under other situations. Then, we propose a Relaxation-based Iterative Rounding Algorithm (RIRA). Experiments and comparisons show that our RIRA produces a better performance than RNRA and other existing methods, and achieves near-optimal scheduling under most cases.
Electronic structure of Bi 2 Te 3 studied by angle-resolved photoemission

We report a detailed study of the electronic structure of Bi{sub 2}Te{sub 3}, to our knowledge the best room temperature thermoelectric material known to date, using angle-resolved photoemission. Dispersions of the valence bands were determined. A sixfold k-space degeneracy in the valence-band maximum is found. The quasi-two-dimensional nature of the electronic structure was demonstrated by the weakly dispersive bands along the {Gamma}-Z direction. Experimental results are compared with theoretical band-structure calculations and with de Haas--van Alphen and Shubnikov--de Haas experiments.
Hemodynamic and gas exchange effects of intravenous diltiazem in patients with pulmonary hypertension

In studies of five patients treated with acute intravenous administration of diltiazem, hemodynamic improvement occurred in the four patients with precapillary pulmonary hypertension. This was manifested by modest declines in pulmonary arterial pressure and total pulmonary resistance at rest and during exercise. Unlike other vasodilators, diltiazem did not worsen pulmonary gas exchange or ventilation-perfusion distribution.
Biological Interventions in Psychoses of Childhood

An up-to-date review of biological interventions in psychoses of childhood is presented here, together with occasional comments on efficacy based on the author’s experience. After brief mention of earlier forms of biological-organic treatment (psychosurgery, insulin, and electroconvulsive therapies), the review focuses on drug therapy. Relative prominence is given to major tranquilizers, lithium, and the hormones. Suitable information is also presented on hypnotics, anticonvulsants, sedatives, stimulants, antidepressant drugs, minor tranquilizers, hallucinogens, L-dopa, and vitamins. It is suggested that no specific drug is available for the treatment of any diagnostic category. Currently available drugs are most effective in reducing such symptoms as insomnia, hyperactivity, impulsivity, irritability, disorganized behavior, psychotic thought disorder, and certain types of aggressivity. The need for uniformity in the classification of child psychoses is stressed in light of its potential value in predicting responses of children to specific drugs.
Long-Term Effects of Oppositional Child Treatment with Mothers as Therapists and Therapist Trainers.

The follow-up data reported represent a long-term (3 to 9 years out of treatment) evaluation of 40 children who were clients of the Regional Intervention Program (RIP) from 1969 to 1978. As 3-, 4-, and 5-year olds, these youngsters exhibited severe and prolonged tantrums, continual opposition to adults' requests and commands, and physical aggression toward parents. Each child and mother participated in a standardized intervention package modeled after Wahler's Opposition Child Treatment. Results from school and home-based follow-up showed that: (a) commands, demands, or requests made by parents were likely to be followed by former clients' compliance; (b) former clients' social interactions in the homes were overwhelmingly positive and their nonsocial behavior was by and large appropriate; (c) parent behavior in the home was consistent with the child management skills taught many years ago; (d) there were no differences between the compliant, on-task, social interaction and appropriate/inappropriate nonsocial behaviors of former clients and randomly selected class peers; (e) there were no differences in teachers' commands, negative feedback, positive social reinforcement, and repeated commands that were directed toward either former clients or randomly selected class peers; (f) both teachers' and parents' rating of former clients on the modified Walker Problem Behavior Checklist were highly correlated; (g) there were no differences in teachers' rating of former clients and class peers; and (h) of all the studied demographic variables, only age that treatment began and family intactness were related to current levels of behavior.
Economics and the Environment: Global Erodynamic Models

Simple dynamical systems theory evolved from celestial mechanics in the work of Poincare a century ago. Complex dynamical systems theory (also known as systems dynamics) began during World War II, with the work of Von Bertalanffy on general systems theory and Wiener on cybernetics. Cellular dynamical systems theory developed in the early days of biological morphogenesis in the work of Rashevsky and Turing. Since the advent of massively parallel computation, these modeling strategies have been increasingly used to simulate highly complex natural systems. The challenge to understand our global problems — combining physical systems of the atmosphere and ocean (Chaos) with biological systems of the biosphere (Gaia) and the social systems of human and other species (Eros) — will test and extend our mathematical and scientific capabilities. The name erodynamics has been coined to describe this application of dynamical systems theory to the complex global system of our human civilization and environment. In this minicourse we develop the basic concepts of erodynamics in the frame of economics and the environment.
Biogeography of a Plant Invasion: Plant–Herbivore Interactions

Theory predicts that native plant species should exhibit latitudinal gradients in the strength of their interactions with herbivores. We hypothesize that if an invasive plant species exhibits a different latitudinal gradient in response to herbivores (e.g., a nonparallel gradient), it can create large-scale heterogeneities in community resistance/susceptibility to the invasive species. We conducted a study of latitudinal variation in the strength of herbivory and defenses of native genotypes of Phragmites australis in North America (NA) and Europe (EU) and European invasive genotypes in NA. Within NA, we tested whether (1) invasive genotypes are better defended and suffer less herbivory than co-occurring native genotypes, (2) herbivory and defenses of native P. australis decreases with increasing latitude; and (3) invasive genotypes exhibit either no latitudinal gradient, or a nonparallel latitudinal gradient in herbivory and defenses compared to native genotypes. For the European genotypes, we tested two additional hypotheses: (4) defenses, nutritional condition, and herbivory would differ between the native (EU) and invasive ranges (NA) and (5) latitudinal gradients in defenses and herbivory would be similar between ranges. Within NA, chewing damage, internal stem-feeding incidence, and aphid abundance were 650%, 300%, and 70% lower, respectively, on invasive than native P. australis genotypes. Genotypes in NA also differed in nutritional condition (percent N, C:N ratio), but there was little support for invasive genotypes being better defended than native genotypes. For the European genotypes, herbivory was significantly lower in the invaded than native range, supporting the enemy-release hypothesis. Defense levels (leaf toughness and total phenolics) and tissue percent C and percent N were higher in the invaded than native range for European genotypes. Overall, latitudinal gradients in P. australis nutritional condition, defenses, and herbivory were common. Interestingly, chewing damage and stem-feeder incidence decreased with latitude for native P. australis genotypes in NA and EU, but no latitudinal gradients in response to herbivores were evident for invasive genotypes in NA. Nonparallel latitudinal gradients in herbivory between invasive and native P. australis suggest that the community may be more susceptible to invasion at lower than at higher latitudes. Our study points to the need for invasion biology to include a biogeographic perspective.
Management of AIDS and infectious complications

The last 3 years have witnessed the introduction of a number of promising pharmaco logic agents for the treatment of HIV and AIDS. These drugs are used not only to treat related symptoms and conditions but also for prophylaxis in the asymptomatic patient. It is essential that every home health care professional be familiar with the approved and investigational drugs available, as increasing numbers of home care patients are treated with them. This article describes the major drugs available to treat the commonly seen conditions accompanying HIV/AIDS diagnoses. Side effects and suggested interventions are also discussed.
ON A NEW SPECIES GROUP IN THE SPIDER GENUS SOCALCHEMMIS (ARANEAE, TENGELLIDAE)

Abstract A new species, Socalchemmis arroyoseco, described from Monterey County, California, is clearly not a member of either of the species groups currently recognized in that genus, but does appear to be more closely related to those species groups than to the other genera in the Liocranoides complex.
Neural Correlates of Cross-Modal Affective Priming by Music in Williams Syndrome

Emotional connection is the main reason people engage with music, and the emotional features of music can influence processing in other domains. Williams syndrome (WS) is a neurodevelopmental genetic disorder where musicality and sociability are prominent aspects of the phenotype. This study examined oscillatory brain activity during a musical affective priming paradigm. Participants with WS and age-matched typically developing controls heard brief emotional musical excerpts or emotionally neutral sounds and then reported the emotional valence (happy/sad) of subsequently presented faces. Participants with WS demonstrated greater evoked fronto-central alpha activity to the happy vs sad musical excerpts. The size of these alpha effects correlated with parent-reported emotional reactivity to music. Although participant groups did not differ in accuracy of identifying facial emotions, reaction time data revealed a music priming effect only in persons with WS, who responded faster when the face matched the emotional valence of the preceding musical excerpt vs when the valence differed. Matching emotional valence was also associated with greater evoked gamma activity thought to reflect cross-modal integration. This effect was not present in controls. The results suggest a specific connection between music and socioemotional processing and have implications for clinical and educational approaches for WS.
HIV-Infected Hospitalized Patients with 2009 Pandemic Influenza A (pH1N1)—United States, Spring and Summer 2009

We describe the clinical findings of HIV-infected patients hospitalized with 2009 pandemic influenza A (pH1N1). Data were derived from 3 separate case series in the United States. Among 911 adults hospitalized with pH1N1 influenza, 31 (3.4%) were HIV infected compared with an HIV prevalence of 0.45% in the general US adult population. HIV-infected influenza patients experienced similar rates of intensive care unit admission (29% vs 34%) and death (13% vs 13%) compared with non-HIV-infected patients. Among HIV-infected patients with available data, 14 (50%) of 28 patients had a CD4 cell count <200 cells/μL, which was not associated with an increased risk of an intensive care unit admission or death. Overall, 25 (81%) HIV-infected patients received influenza antiviral therapy, but treatment was initiated within 48 h of illness onset in only 33% of cases. Clinicians should consider early empiric influenza antiviral treatment in HIV-infected patients presenting with suspected influenza.
MTS: Multiresolution Thread Selection for Parallel Workload Distribution

Computing workload distribution is indispensable for resource sharing, cycle stealing and other modes of interaction in distributed systems/Grids. Computations should be arranged to adapt the capacity variation of system resources. Although computation migration is the essential mechanism to move computing tasks around, the decision making of which task should be relocated is even more critical, especially when multithreaded parallel programs are involved. Multiple threads might be treated as partial workload and moved together. Based on thread similarity, this paper proposes a novel Multiresolution Thread Grouping algorithm (MTG) to classify threads into hierarchical Thread Bundles (TB) some of which can be picked by Multiresolution Thread Selection scheme (MTS) for load distribution. During the process of MTG, global variables are reorded so that one-time migration cost and post-migration communication volume and frequency can be reduced. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of MTS for parallel workload distribution.
Contrasting population genetic patterns and evolutionary histories among sympatric Sonoran Desert cactophilic Drosophila.

We studied population genetic differentiation in the sympatric Sonoran Desert cactophilic flies Drosophila pachea , D. mettleri and D. nigrospiracula across their continental and peninsular ranges. These flies show marked differences in ecology and behaviour including dispersal distances and host cactus specialization. Examination of a fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene ( mtCOI ) reveals that the Sea of Cortez has constituted an effective dispersal barrier for D. pachea , leading to significant genetic differentiation between the continental and peninsular ranges of this species. No genetic differentiation was detected, however, within its continental and peninsular ranges. In contrast, our mtCOI -based results for D. mettleri and D. nigrospiracula are consistent with a previous allozyme-based study that showed no significant genetic differentiation between continental and peninsular ranges of these two species. For D. mettleri , we also found that the insular population from Santa Catalina Island, California, is genetically differentiated with respect to continental and peninsular localities. We discuss how differences in the genetic structure patterns of D. pachea , D. mettleri and D. nigrospiracula may correspond to differences in their dispersal abilities, host preferences and behaviour.
A Brief Educational Intervention May Increase Public Acceptance of Emergency Research Without Consent

Abstract Objectives: We hypothesized that knowing the regulations regarding emergency research without consent would increase public support for this type of research. Methods: Randomized controlled trial. Consecutive patients presenting during eight 24-h periods received one of two interviews; the intervention interview included an educational paragraph. Results: There were 473 (74% of eligible) patients who participated: 51% (95% confidence interval [CI] 46–55) were willing to be enrolled in a study using exception to informed consent; 84% (95% CI 80–87) believed that current therapy for cardiac arrest offers ≥ 50% chance of full recovery, and these patients were less willing to enroll (odds ratio [OR] 0.5, 95% CI 0.3–0.9). The educational intervention increased willingness to enroll (OR 1.3, 95% CI 1.0–1.6, p = 0.03). Conclusions: A brief educational intervention had only a modest effect on willingness to participate in emergency research without consent. It may be more important to educate patients on the shortcomings of current therapy than on the ethical and regulatory justifications for such research.
VEGF receptors are differentially expressed by neuroblastoma cells in culture.

Abstract Background/Purpose: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is best known for its angiogenic properties, but its mitogenic capacity may be more important for tumorigenesis. The ability of VEGF to induce specific biologic activities may be dependent on the amount and type of VEGF receptors present. The authors hypothesize that neuroblastoma cells express specific VEGF receptors and that their expression may be altered when the cells are exposed to differing cytokines and culture environments. Methods: Four groups of human neuroblastoma cells (IMR-32) are studied. (1) Control cells: cultured in standard media. (2) VEGF cells: VEGF added to the media. (3) Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) cells: TNF-α added to the media. (4) Serum starved cells: cultured in serum-depleted media. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is utilized to measure the VEGF receptors flt-1, KDR/flk-1, flt-4, neuropilin 1 (NRP-1), and neuropilin 2 (NRP-2). Results: Flt-1 and KDR are not detected in any groups. Flt-4, NRP-1, and NRP-2 are present in the IMR-32 cells, and their expression is significantly increased by the administration of VEGF. Neuroblastoma cells cultured with TNF-α or in serum-depleted media have a significant decrease in the expression of these receptors. Conclusions: The authors show that neuroblastoma cells express specific VEGF receptors that may be altered by mitogenic or apoptotic stimuli. Specifically targeting VEGF and its receptors may be another therapeutic strategy for the treatment of neuroblastoma. J Pediatr Surg 38:514-521. Copyright 2003, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.
EFFECTS OF SELECTED INORGANIC SALTS ON CERTAIN TENDERNESS CHARACTERISTICS OF SPENT HEN MUSCLE

The effects of 15 inorganic salts on the tenderness of spent hen muscle were examined. Addition of salts at in-muscle ionic strengths of μ= 0.125, 0.25, and 0.50 equalized charges, enabling examination of specific ion effects. Criteria measured included water holding capacity, yield, moisture, and shear. Lithium, magnesium, and sodium salts were the most effective for increasing tenderness. Calcium salts decreased tenderness. Overall ranking for tenderizing effects of anions was Cl−1 > Br−1 > I−1 > F−1, and for cations Li+1= Na+1= Mg+2 > K+1 > Ca+2. There were no differences in tenderness among ionic strengths, μ= 0.25 or 0.50. Similar tenderness effects were observed at μ= 0.125. Previously frozen samples were significantly affected by treatments, while unfrozen samples showed no effect due to treatment.
Power Estimation in Sequential Circuitsy

A new method for power estimation in sequential circuits is presented that is based on a statistical estimation technique. By applying randomly generated input sequences to the circuit, statistics on the latch outputs are collected, by simulation, that allow efficient power estimation for the whole design. An important advantage of this approach is that the desired accuracy can be specified up-front by the user; the algorithm iterates until the specified accuracy is achieved. This has been implemented and tested on a number of sequential circuits and found to be much faster than existing techniques. We can complete the analysis of a circuit with 1,452 ip-ops and 19,253 gates in about 4.6 hours (the largest test case reported previously has 223 flip-flops).
Adaptive Multi-levels Dictionaries and Singular Value Decomposition Techniques for Autonomic Problem Determination

An autonomic problem determination system can adapt to changing environments, react to existing or new error condition and predict possible problems. In this report, we propose such a system using dynamic and adaptive multi-levels dictionaries and "singular value decomposition techniques" (SVD). Compared to standard SVD, our system uses an iterative method that enables dynamic interaction between events and the current dictionaries with its entries being updated continuously to reflect relative importance of each event, thereby accelerating its convergence. The system captures knowledge in a hierarchical form for complex knowledge representation. It does not require a formal knowledge model or intensive training by examples. It is efficient with sufficient accuracy for autonomic problem determination.
Hereditary cancer syndromes: utilizing DNA repair deficiency as therapeutic target

Human cells have numerous repair mechanisms to counteract various insults incurred on the DNA. Any mutation in these repair mechanisms can lead to accumulation of DNA errors and carcinogenesis. This review aims to discuss the therapeutic options in the two most common DNA repair deficient cancer syndromes, namely Lynch syndrome (hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer) and breast cancer susceptibility gene (BRCA) associated ovarian and breast cancer. Deficiency in DNA repair mechanisms renders these tumors with increased sensitivity to platinum agents. There has been increasing amount of information on the utility of the defects in DNA repair as targets for cancer therapy in these syndromes. Novel therapies like poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors are one of such example where the induction of double stranded breaks in DNA leads to tumoricidal effect in patients with homologous DNA repair deficiency. Interestingly, patients with DNA repair deficiencies tend to have a more favorable prognosis than sporadic malignancies. In microsatellite high colorectal cancer patients, this has been attributed to increased recruitment of CD8+ T lymphocytes in tumor microenvironment. However, these tumors are able to limit the host immune response by activation of immune checkpoints that seem like attractive targets of therapy in the future.
Multiple File Server with the Implemented Mechanism ACL

Presented – implemented and made available to users in the PIAP – a multi-access file server, whose functionality is achieved by implementing Access Control List ACL in the operating system Linux OS. Discusses the methodology for configuring the server constituting condition for achieving this objective. Analyzed the server implementation which allows the use of the ACL. The implementation of this mechanism was preceded by modifying a standard file system on the server to the version that supports Extended Attributes EA. In the Linux server has been implemented Samba server in which are located defined resources. Discussed the process of setting up a Samba server. To manage the obtained functionality has been developed and presented a method to allocate permissions for individual users to specific resources and proposed solutions for managing access ACL. Discussed the resource size constraints on the disk based on the properties usrquota and grpquota of the file system.
Geological Field Techniques

Angela L. Coe, Editor, Tom W. Argles, David A. Rothery, and Robert A. Spicer. 2010. Wiley-Blackwell and The Open University. 336 Pp. ISBN 978-1-4443-3062-5, Paperback, $59.95. ISBN 978-1-4443-3061-8, Hardcover, $150. Geological Field Techniques is a concise textbook, aimed primarily at undergraduates studying geology and earth sciences, that assumes a basic understanding of the main concepts and theory in geology. The authors are professors at the Open University, and they provide examples of work by themselves and their students. The geologic approach is broad, with a British emphasis. The writing and organization are excellent, and the format is that of a modern textbook with a single, wide column of text with an adjacent smaller column with photos, notes, and explanations. The book is profusely illustrated with photos of rock exposures, diagrams, worked examples, and examples of field notes and geologic maps both constructed in the field and redrafted. The illustrations are generally clear, but the field notebook examples are reproductions of actual professor and student notes that range from neatly organized and executed to somewhat cryptic, incomplete, and somewhat illegible; the reader can compare some of these low-contrast copies of pencil-written notes with the beautifully executed engineering-style lettering of Compton’s (1985) text. Nonetheless, one of the main strengths of this textbook is to …
Defining American Jewry From Religious and Ethnic Perspectives: The Transitions to Greater Heterogeneity

The passage of time has led to considerable changes in the character of the American Jewish population. One of these changes has been the increasing distinction between religion and ethnicity as an expression of identification with the Jewish group. The National Jewish Population Survey 2000/01 was used to examine the attitudes and behavior along religious and ethnic dimensions for respondents who are members and/or self identify with the three major Jewish denominations (Reform, Conservative and Orthodox) and a fairly large group of unaffiliated persons and persons who do not identify with any of these denominations but who do state that they are Jewish. The central question asked is how the configurations of membership (or lack thereof) and self-identification with a denomination (or lack thereof) are related to attitudes and behaviors toward the religious and ethnic dimensions of being Jewish. The results of the analysis indicate that those persons with stronger connections to Judaism, on either attitude or behavior, in general also have a stronger positive connection to ethnic Jewishness than those who express their connection through less traditional religious norms and values.
Field Counting Efficiency of Sweep-Net Samples of Adult Potato Leafhoppers (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) in Alfalfa

The mean relative density of field-counted sweep-net samples (y) of Empoasca fabae (Harris) may be expressed as a quadratic function of laboratory-counted sweep-net samples (x) by the relationship y – O.75(x) – 0.ll (x2) within a low-density range and when using to-sweep samples. The efficiency of a field-counted density estimate, defined as a percentage of the laboratory-counted density estimate, decreased as density increased. Pest management decisions were similar, whether based on field- or laboratory-counted sweep-net samples of adult potato leafhoppers.
A Laboratory Technique for Bioassay of Plant Attractants for the Boll Weevil

Progress in isolating, identifying, and field testing insect attractants is dependent on reliable bioassay methods to determine the response of the insects to the attractants. The “trap flask” bioassay method (Keller et al. 1963, 1964) of demonstrating the presence of an attractant in the cotton plant for the boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis Boheman, and of a sex attractant in the male weevil for the female proved to be unpredictable and time consuming in our later laboratory studies with these attractants. To meet the need for a more reliable procedure the following new technique was developed.
Thyroid nodules and cancer management guidelines: comparisons and controversies

Thyroid cancer is an increasingly prevalent malignancy throughout the world. Management guidelines for both thyroid nodules and thyroid cancer have been published and updated by a number of societies internationally. All of these guidelines recognize this increasing incidence, particularly of small papillary thyroid cancers, due in part to improved technology enabling early or even 'over' diagnosis. Recent advances in molecular imaging and molecular methods have been developed to better characterize thyroid nodules, and a number of studies that have clarified risk stratification systems that can be modified over time allow for individualization of diagnosis, initial treatment, and subsequent follow-up strategies. Advances in surgical approaches and new treatments for patients with the most aggressive forms of thyroid cancer have all influenced management guidelines. Despite substantial similarities, there also are important differences between recent guidelines for some of the common clinical scenarios encountered by physicians in clinical practice. In the present manuscript, we will highlight similarities and differences between several of the most recently published guidelines focused on key areas of importance to clinical care and controversy. These are key areas for future research to strengthen the data to support future guideline recommendations.
Abstract 2143: A 3D system to elucidate a direct role for epiregulin mistrafficking in epithelial transformation

The EGF receptor (EGFR) ligand epiregulin (EREG) is delivered preferentially to the basolateral cell surface of polarized MDCK cells. Previously, we showed that EREG basolateral trafficking is regulated by a conserved tyrosine residue within a YXXΦ motif (Y156ERV) in its cytoplasmic domain. Interestingly, a Y156A substitution led to apical mistrafficking of EREG and transformation of polarized MDCK cells (PNAS 110: 8960-5, 2013). We have identified an EREG mutation (R147stop) in human tumors that we now report mistrafficks to the apical surface. To test the hypothesis that apical mistrafficking of EREG can be a driver event, we have generated MDCK cells stably expressing inducible (Tet-ON) wild-type and Y156A mutant EREG. In 3D Matrigel cultures, we show that uninduced clones form normal-appearing cysts, regardless of EREG status. Induction of WT or mutant EREG leads to increased cyst diameter. However, only (Y156A)EREG-expressing cells form abnormal cysts with ectopic lumens and inward growth, features of in vivo transformation. Furthermore, we show that ligand processing and EGFR activity is required for EREG mistrafficking-induced ectopic lumen formation as preincubation with a broad-spectrum metalloprotease inhibitor, BB-94, abrogates ectopic lumen formation. We have extended these studies to polarizing human colon cancer cells, HCA-7, which preserve the trafficking fidelity of WT and mutant EREG. Furthermore, using EREG cytoplasmic domain as a bait in a yeast-2-hybrid screen, we have identified APOBEC3C as an interacting protein. APOBECs are a family of cytidine deaminases that have been identified as a major contributor to human cancer mutations. We have subsequently confirmed EREG-APOBEC3C interaction by co-immunoprecipitation. Results from MDCK cells stably expressing differentially inducible EREG (Tet-ON) and APOBEC3C (Cumate-ON) will be presented. Note: This abstract was not presented at the meeting. Citation Format: Bhuminder Singh, Galina Bogatcheva, Robert J. Coffey. A 3D system to elucidate a direct role for epiregulin mistrafficking in epithelial transformation. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 2143. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-2143