cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Audiogenic seizures and brain serotonin after l-tryptophan and p-chlorophenylalanine

Despite intense investigation, the role of serotonergic neurons in audiogenic seizures in mice remains uncertain. In the work reported here, audiogenic seizure susceptibility and brain tryptophan and serotonin concentrations were measured in DBA/2J mice after administration of three doses of L-tryptophan or p-chlorophenylalanine. p-Chlorophenylalanine reduced brain serotonin and significantly prolonged the latency to appearance of all seizure phases. L-tryptophan was largely ineffective in protecting against seizures and in elevating brain serotonin content, despite the fact that it caused a marked increase in brain tryptophan content. Thus, it appears that DBA/2J mice have an impaired ability to synthesize serotonin from tryptophan.
Now Imagine This

Now imagine this: Kasey has not published in the well-known Blue Review; maybe she never will. Incidentally, this is not her first published story, for those who might be wondering; though when she...
The kaleidoscope of general internist careers: A challenge for internal medicine training

As internal medicine residency programs struggle to produce general internists in greater numbers and assure that they are adequately prepared for practice, it is imperative that the graduate medical education system have a clear picture of what competencies will be expected of those entering general internist careers. Feedback from the practicing community and large managed care organizations in Minnesota has made it clear that general internists in that state are functioning in a variety of positions requiring a wide range of skills depending on the practice description, choice of practice setting, and the complement of other primary care providers. General internists functioning in nontraditional careers have special curricular needs. It is imperative that training programs constantly monitor the changing practice environment and stay current on the variety of new generalist career choices to adequately prepare their residents for generalist careers. The graduate medical education enterprise needs to be involved in determining the best teaching strategies for the broad range of ambulatory general medicine competencies and in determining how best to preserve the richness of the medical subspecialty experience critical to the training of excellent general internists.
Aspect-oriented model-driven skeleton code generation: A graph-based transformation approach

Model-driven code generation has been investigated in traditional and object-oriented design paradigms; significant progress has been made. It offers many advantages including the rapid development of high quality code. Errors are reduced and the consistency between the design and the code is retained, in comparison with a purely manual approach. Here, a model-driven code generation approach based on graph transformations for aspect-oriented development is proposed. The approach has two main transformation activities. The first activity transforms a visual (graphical) model of the design into a formal, text-based notation that can be readily processed. The graphical model is created by the software designer and uses a UML profile for aspect-oriented software (i.e., FDAF) to represent aspects and their components. XML is the target notation for this step; the transformation uses the XML meta-model to ensure that the output complies with the language. The second activity transforms the XML model into AspectJ source code. The transformation uses the AspectJ meta-model to ensure the output complies with the language. The transformations from the extended UML model to XML and from XML to AspectJ code are fully automated. The transformation algorithms are based on graph transformations; tool support has been developed. Key technical issues in the approach are discussed, including performance, the amount of code generated, correctness, and adaptability, in addition to a comparison of the proposal with existing alternative approaches. The approach has been validated on three example systems: a banking system, classroom scheduling system, and an insurance system. The banking system example is presented in the paper.
Toward a history of slavery in small places: Agrarian diversity, demographic expansion, and economic stability in Fajardo, Puerto Rico, 1812–1838

This study uses census data from 1812 to 1838 to examine the trafficking of slaves to and from early 19th-century Fajardo, a small town in northeastern Puerto Rico. Findings suggest that Fajardo served as a “feeder town” that enabled local slave traders and slave owners to engage in internal slave traffic to larger nearby towns. Factors such as sugar production limitations and immigrant settlement fostered slave demographics in Farjado that enabled the town to serve as a central municipality in the internal slave traffic to larger municipalities. Our results inform current literature on the African slave trade by illustrating intra-area nuances and contrasts between slavery in Puerto Rico and larger international slaveholding polities.
\(\bar K\)-Nucleon interactions and the possibility of Y0*-resonance as a bound state of the\(\bar K - \mathcal{N}\) systemsystem

In the zero-range boundary conditions method of Dalitz and Tuan for coupled\(\bar K - \mathcal{N}\)-πY channels, interactions of\(\bar K\)-meson with nucleon are discussed. The low-energy K--p data are described in terms of three sets of scattering parameters, called solutions I, II and IIA. Using these parameters, the possibility of an 1=0, π-Σ resonance at 1405 MeV as ans-wave bound state of\(\bar K\)-nucleon system is investigated.
Climate, fishery and society interactions: Observations from the North Atlantic

Abstract Interdisciplinary studies comparing fisheries-dependent regions across the North Atlantic find a number of broad patterns. Large ecological shifts, disastrous to historical fisheries, have resulted when unfavorable climatic events occur atop overfishing. The “teleconnections” linking fisheries crises across long distances include human technology and markets, as well as climate or migratory fish species. Overfishing and climate-driven changes have led to a shift downwards in trophic levels of fisheries takes in some ecosystems, from dominance by bony fish to crustaceans. Fishing societies adapt to new ecological conditions through social reorganization that have benefited some people and places, while leaving others behind. Characteristic patterns of demographic change are among the symptoms of such reorganization. These general observations emerge from a review of recent case studies of individual fishing communities, such as those conducted for the North Atlantic Arc research project.
Wounding patterns in three species of captive macaques

The incidence of wounding in captive groups of rhesus (Macaca mulatta), pigtail (M. nemestrina), and stumptail (M. arctoides) macaques was studied for 21 months. Groups were monitored daily for evidence of wounding. Wounded animals were captured, treated by veterinary staff, and returned following recovery. Records were kept on the age, sex, and species of the recipient, along with the type and location of wound. In each species of macaque, adult males incurred the highest frequency of wounds and multiple wounds of any age-sex class. This contrasted with previously reported behavioral data indicating low frequencies of aggression received by adult males, especially contact aggression and bites. These discrepancies indicate wounding frequencies do not necessarily correspond with behavioral measures of aggression. Inhibition of aggression directed toward infants and the selective avoidance of bites directed to vital body regions were presented as possible mechanisms that modify intragroup aggression. Increased wounding in the birth season under captive conditions suggests that the pattern of increased wounding reported during the breeding season under freeranging conditions may reflect xenophobic responses to immigrating males, rather than direct male-male competition for estrous females.
Enantiomer assays of amino acid derivatives using tertiary amine appended trans-4-hydroxyproline derivatives as chiral selectors in the gas phase.

Abstract A pair of pseudo -enantiomers, tertiary amine appended trans -4-hydroxyproline derivatives were designed, synthesized, and evaluated as chiral selectors for enantiomer analysis of DNB-amino acid and their amides, in single-stage electrospray ionization/mass spectrometric experiments. The chiral selectors were designed to remove the interaction of the hydroxyl group of trans -4-hydroxyproline as well as separate the ionization site from the sites required for effective chiral recognition. Addition of a chiral analyte to a solution containing two pseudo -enantiomeric chiral selectors, affords selector–analyte complexes in the electrospray ionization mass spectrum where the ratio of these complexes is dependent on the enantiomeric composition of the analyte. The relationship between the ratio of the selector–analyte complexes in the electrospray ionization mass spectrum and the enantiomeric composition of the analyte can be used to relate the extent of the measured enantioselectivity and for quantitative enantiomeric composition determinations. Effects of acid modifiers (ammonium chloride, acetic acid, formic acid and hydrochloric acid) and instrument conditions on the selector–analyte ion intensity and the enantioselectivity ( α MS ) were investigated. The largest α MS was observed using ammonium chloride at a concentration around 0.5–1 mM at desolvation temperature of 150 °C. Capillary voltage has little effects on α MS values. The sense of chiral recognition by MS is consistent with what is observed chromatographically. Quantitative enantiomeric composition determinations for N -(3,5-dinitrobenzoyl) leucinyl butylamide were performed. A comparison to the enantioselectivities towards a scope of analytes observed by chiral HPLC using a 3,5-dimethylanilide-proline-derived chiral stationary phase, is presented.
Rapidly sequenced pair of two-dimensional images of OH laser-induced fluorescence in a flame.

A Nd:YAG laser was Q switched twice during one flashlamp pulse and pumped a dye laser, whose frequency-doubled output, tuned to an OH absorption line, illuminated a planar region through a flame. The OH laser-induced fluorescence was focused onto an oscillating mirror, which directed the successive two-dimensional images onto different halves of a vidicon tube. Usable pair separation times of 40 to 180 μsec were obtained. The method has promise for studying changes in small-scale structure in turbulent reactive flows and for instantaneous measurement of the spatial distribution of two observables.
Fluoroquinolone-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae: the inevitable epidemic.

The World Health Organization has estimated that over 60 million incident cases of gonorrhea occur worldwide every year [1]. In the United States 335,104 gonorrhea cases were reported to health departments in 2003 for an annual estimated rate of 116.2 cases per 100,000 personsdone of the highest rates among industrialized countries [2]. As with most other sexually transmitted infections (STIs), these numbers underestimate the true burden of this disease. Many cases of gonorrhea diagnosed by primary care physicians are never reported to local health departments, and others are asymptomatic and are never diagnosed. For example, in a probability sample of adults living in Baltimore, the estimated number of subclinical gonococcal infections was 1.3-fold higher than the number of infections diagnosed and treated in a given year [3]. The sequelae of not treating gonococcal infections can be devastating. These include infertility [4], ectopic pregnancy [5], chronic pelvic pain [6], and increased HIV-1 transmission and acquisition [7]. Diagnostic methods for Neisseria gonorrhoeae have changed dramatically. The Gram stain is still widely used because of its low cost and overall simplicity. In symptomatic men, it is up to 90% sensitive [8]. However, the sensitivity decreases significantly in women and asymptomatic men. The test must also be performed in a laboratory certified according to the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments, which often reduces the cost advantage. Culture remains the gold standard for diagnosing N gonorrhoeae infections, with a reported sensitivity of more than 90% and a specificity of nearly 100% when obtained from the urethra or cervix [9]. Anorectal and
Recent advances in the environmental applications of biosurfactants

Abstract Biosurfactants can be used for heavy metal or organic contaminant removal from contaminated soil or for bioremediation enhancement. Most research has been performed on the use of rhamnolipids. However, present and future studies involve new biosurfactants and new applications as sustainable, renewable additives for nanoparticle production and use.
College Students' Attitudes Toward Methods of Collecting Teaching Evaluations: In-Class Versus On-Line

Abstract In this study, the authors investigated college students' attitudes toward in-class and on-line methods of gathering teaching evaluations of faculty. Sixteen professors who taught two sections of the same class were randomly assigned to have one of their sections evaluated by the in-class method and the other by the on-line method. Students also completed a post-teaching-evaluation survey measuring their attitudes toward the method of evaluation used. The on-line method had a lower response rate than did the in-class method. Online respondents complained that the evaluation process may not be anonymous and that it was time consuming and involved complicated log-on procedures. Suggestions are offered for improving the on-line evaluation process.
Adult attachment style, interpersonal communication competence, and social support

Individuals with a more secure attachment style report having larger and more satisfying social support networks Individuals with a more anxious or a more avoidant attachment style, by contrast, report having smaller and less satisfying support networks The present study examined the role of interpersonal communication competence (ICC) as a possible mediator of the association between attachment and social support in a sample of college undergraduates Strong support was found for the described model. Mediational analyses revealed that global deficits in ICC could account for the smaller social support network sizes and lower levels of satisfaction among both more anxiously attached and more avoidantly attached individuals. In addition, subsequent analyses examining specific dimensions of ICC revealed that the lower support satisfaction among more anxious individuals could be uniquely accounted for by a lack of assertiveness in social interactions For more avoidantly attached individuals, smaller network sizes could be uniquely accounted for by lower levels of self-disclosure, and less support satisfaction could be uniquely accounted for by a lack of assertiveness in addition to lower levels of self-disclosure. The implications of these findings and suggestions for future research are discussed.
[pi]-metal complexes of i-propyldinaphthoporphycene

The synthesis and characterization of four metalloporphycenes containing a [MCp*]+ (Cp* = pentamethylcyclopentadiene; M = Rh, Ir, and Ru) fragment directly bonded to the π-framework of the macrocycle were obtained. The electrochemical and optical properties of these complexes, studied in their respective free-base forms, revealed that the electron acceptor properties of the macrocycle can be enhanced by the coordination of an organometallic fragment to the π-electron face. In the case of the "fused" ruthenocene adduct, the corresponding nickel complex was also prepared. Here, less electronic communication between the ruthenocene moiety and the macrocycle was seen; however, the basic electron acceptor properties of the macrocycle were retained.
Restriction site polymorphism-based candidate gene mapping for seedling drought tolerance in cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.].

Quantitative trait loci (QTL) studies provide insight into the complexity of drought tolerance mechanisms. Molecular markers used in these studies also allow for marker-assisted selection (MAS) in breeding programs, enabling transfer of genetic factors between breeding lines without complete knowledge of their exact nature. However, potential for recombination between markers and target genes limit the utility of MAS-based strategies. Candidate gene mapping offers an alternative solution to identify trait determinants underlying QTL of interest. Here, we used restriction site polymorphisms to investigate co-location of candidate genes with QTL for seedling drought stress-induced premature senescence identified previously in cowpea. Genomic DNA isolated from 113 F2:8 RILs of drought-tolerant IT93K503-1 and drought susceptible CB46 genotypes was digested with combinations of EcoR1 and HpaII, Mse1, or Msp1 restriction enzymes and amplified with primers designed from 13 drought-responsive cDNAs. JoinMap 3.0 and MapQTL 4.0 software were used to incorporate polymorphic markers onto the AFLP map and to analyze their association with the drought response QTL. Seven markers co-located with peaks of previously identified QTL. Isolation, sequencing, and blast analysis of these markers confirmed their significant homology with drought or other abiotic stress-induced expressed sequence tags (EST) from cowpea and other plant systems. Further, homology with coding sequences for a multidrug resistance protein 3 and a photosystem I assembly protein ycf3 was revealed in two of these candidates. These results provide a platform for the identification and characterization of genetic trait determinants underlying seedling drought tolerance in cowpea.
Comment: Public management research—the interdependence of problems and theory

As a college student, I read an article with a title that thoroughly captured my fancy, "Topic X [this part of it does not matter]: Whence and Whither?" I determined that some day I must write something with that mellifluous and capacious subtitle. I came, in time, to see the chutzpa required to say something intelligent about the whence and whither of anything, and never found the heart to follow through. But reading Laurence E. Lynn's insightful account of the evolution of public management research, my favorite subtitle sprang to mind. He offers a provocative account of how the field has developed, and poses exciting but serious challenges to researchers about the future. Inspired by his analysis, I build on a few of his comments about where the field is going and why. First I consider how coherent our field can and should be. Second, I review some cautions about examining cases of best managerial practice as a research approach. Third, I suggest some ways to improve the stock of theory we use to understand public management problems and opportunities.
Buddhists' religious and health practices.

A web survey of Buddhists’ religious practices and beliefs, and health history and practices was conducted with 886 Buddhist respondents. Eighty-two percent were residents of the USA. Ninety-nine percent practiced Buddhist meditation and 70% had attended a formal retreat for intensive meditation practice. Eighty-six percent were converts to Buddhism and had been a Buddhist for a median of 9 years. Sixty-eight percent of respondents rated their health as very good or excellent. A one-point increase on a Buddhist Devoutness Index was associated with a 15% increase in the odds of being a non-smoker and an 11% increase in the odds of being in good to excellent health.
In support of experimental hydraulics: three examples from environmental fluid mechanics

The methods and advantages of the experimental approach to hydraulic problems are examined on the basis of three examples from environmental fluid mechanics: saltwater intrusion control in estuarie...
Surface analysis of LiF films by electron stimulated desorption and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

Electron stimulated desorption and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies of evaporated LiF films show that the films are Li-rich in the surface region (Li/F atomic ratio ∼ 3:1) with a contaminant overlayer which includes hydrocarbons and water. Substantial amounts of hydrogen are also directly bonded to LiF surface. Exposure of the films to RF-activated Ar plasma results in reduction of the Li/F stoichiometry by a factor of ∼ 2 and the removal of carbon from the surface. H2O and possibly other oxygen-containing species remain.
DISCRETE WAVELET TRANSFORM POWER SPECTRUM ESTIMATOR

A method for measuring the spectrum of a density field by the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) is studied. We show how the Fourier power spectrum can be detected by using the wavelet function coefficients (WFC) of the DWT. This method can successfully measure the power spectrum in samples for which traditional methods often fail because the samples are finite sized, have a complex geometry, or are varyingly sampled. We demonstrate that the spectrum features, such as the power law index, the magnitude, and the typical scales can be determined by the DWT reconstructed spectrum. We apply this method to analyze the power spectrum of the spatial distribution of the $\mathrm{L}\mathrm{y}\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\alpha}$ clouds. The two popular data sets used for the spectrum detection have quite different geometries and samplings, yet the one-dimensional (1D) power spectra and their 3D reconstruction given by the DWT estimator show the same features. The analysis makes clear that the DWT estimator is a sensitive tool in revealing common and physical properties from diverse data sets.
An alternative approach to study periodically fully-developed flow and heat transfer problems subject to isothermal heating conditions

Periodically fully-developed flow (PFD) and heat transfer in a channel subject to isothermal conditions must either be formulated as an eigenvalue problem and solved iteratively or the PFD solution must be extracted as a part of developing flow (DF) solution by considering the entire flow domain. The first approach is mathematically complex and the second approach is computationally inefficient. In this work, an alternative approach is proposed wherein a PFD flow solution is used as an input to all modules of a DF domain and the PFD temperature field is extracted by monitoring variation in module-averaged Nusselt number. The proposed method was validated by comparing results obtained by the proposed method with results in the literature for three sample problems: flow between parallel plates, flow over round tubes in parallel plate channel, and flow in a parallel plate channel with staggered plate fins. Flow and energy equations were solved by using a control volume based finite element method in conjunction with SIMPLER algorithm. Results obtained by the proposed approach compared very favorably with the results published in the literature.
Lipids, lipoproteins and the risk of benign prostatic hyperplasia in community-dwelling men.

Objective We examined associations of serum lipids and lipoproteins with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in a cohort of community dwelling men.
Laser in-situ synthesis of mixed carbide coating on steel

A 2.5 KW Nd:YAG laser was employed to modify the surface of a AISI 1010 steel deposited with a precursor powder mixture of Fe, Ti, Cr and C. In-situ formation of TiC and chromium carbides [M7C3 (M = Fe, Cr) and Cr7C3] was observed as function of laser processing power at constant scan speed. Although TiC was present in all the samples, the chromium carbides were absent in samples processed at certain laser powers. Corresponding to this behavior, variation in mechanical properties of the coating was observed. The hardness and wear properties of the samples without chromium carbides was inferior in comparison to samples with both TiC and chromium carbides.
Alkanes, fatty acid methyl esters, and free fatty acids in surface wax of Ustilago maydis

Abstract The wax fraction from chlamdospores of Ustilago maydis (Basidiomycetes) were analyzed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry combination. The hydrocarbon fraction contained predominantly C 25 , C 27 , and C 29 n -alkanes. A second fraction eluted from a silica gel column contained natural methyl esters of both saturated and unsaturated acids with predominant esters being from C 16 through C 20 . The methyl esters of C 18 mono and dienoic fatty acids were present in abundance. The free fatty acid fraction contained fatty acids ranging in carbon number from C 12 through C 20 . In both the free acids and natural methyl esters the distribution of carbon skeletons were similar with the predominant compounds having even carbon number chains.
The secondary creep behaviour of uranium monocarbide in compression I: Hypostoichiometric uranium monocarbide

The effect of temperature on the secondary creep rate of hypostoichiometric UC is examined over the range 900 °C–1100 °C at a stress of 6000 psi (41.4 MN m−2) and the effect of stress over the range 4000–8000 psi (27.6–55.2 MN m−2) at 950 °C. From the creep behaviour and metallographic observations it is concluded that the creep mechanism is controlled by the diffusion of constitutional carbon vacancies in the UC lattice. It is found that creep obeys equations of the form, /./g3 = A1σ and /./g3 = A2 exp −ΔHRT, where ΔH, the activation enthalpy for creep has a value of 45 ± 3 kcal per mole which is less than that for the diffusion of carbon in UC. A value calculated for the creep diffusion coefficient is however similar to that for the diffusion of carbon.
Total synthesis: A cascade of new antibiotics.

The total synthesis of a bisanthraquinone natural product provides the opportunity to investigate the medicinal properties of a new class of antibiotics.
Effects of vehicle seat and belt geometry on belt fit for children with and without belt positioning booster seats.

A laboratory study was conducted to quantify the effects of belt-positioning boosters on lap and shoulder belt fit. Postures and belt fit were measured for forty-four boys and girls ages 5-12 in four highback boosters, one backless booster, and on a vehicle seat without a booster. Belt anchorage locations were varied over a wide range. Seat cushion angle, seat back angle, and seat cushion length were varied in the no-booster conditions. All boosters produced better mean lap belt fit than was observed in the no-booster condition, but the differences among boosters were relatively large. With one midrange belt configuration, the lap belt was not fully below the anterior-superior iliac spine (ASIS) landmark on the front of the pelvis for 89% of children in one booster, and 75% of children failed to achieve that level of belt fit in another. In contrast, the lap belt was fully below the ASIS for all but two children in the best-performing booster. Child body size had a statistically significant but relatively small effect on lap belt fit. The largest children sitting without a booster had approximately the same lap belt fit as the smallest children experienced in the worst-performing booster. Increasing lap belt angle relative to horizontal produced significantly better lap belt fit in the no-booster condition, but the boosters isolated the children from the effects of lap belt angles. Reducing seat cushion length in the no-booster condition improved lap belt fit but changing cushion angle did not. Belt upper anchorage (D-ring) location had a strong effect on shoulder belt fit in conditions without shoulder belt routing from the booster. Unexpectedly, the worst average shoulder belt fit was observed in one highback booster with a poorly positioned shoulder belt routing clip. The shoulder belt was routed more outboard, on average, with a backless booster than without a booster, but raising the child also amplified the effect of D-ring location, such that children were more likely to experience poor shoulder belt fit due to outboard and forward D-ring locations when sitting on the booster. Taller children experienced more-outboard shoulder belt fit in conditions without shoulder belt routing by the booster and in the one booster with poor shoulder belt routing. Adjustable shoulder belt routing on three of the highback boosters effectively eliminated stature effects, providing approximately the same shoulder belt fit for all children. Seat back angle did not have a significant effect on shoulder belt fit. The results of this study have broad applicability toward the improvement of occupant restraints for children The data show substantial effects of booster design on belt fit, particularly the effects of alternative lap and torso belt routing approaches. The data quantify the critical importance of belt anchorage location for child belt fit, providing an important foundation for efforts to optimize belt geometry for children. Language: en
Toxicity, Teratogenesis, and Efficacy of Injectable Erythromycin (Erythro-200) Administered Repeatedly to Adult Spring Chinook Salmon

Abstract We conducted tests with maturing spring chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha to determine the effects of 10, 20, or 40 mg erythromycin (Erythro-200)/kg body weight injected every 20 d for up to six times before sexual maturity. We examined the effect of repeated erythromycin injection on the survival and teratogenesis of progeny of fish surviving the trial. To provide controls, some fish were not injected with erythromycin and some fish were injected with the erythromycin carrier only. We detected no elevated total bilirubin in plasma samples from any groups of fish, although more than 70% of the erythromycin-injected fish surviving the trial had yellow-colored livers. Erythromycin was effective in significantly reducing the mortality from an unexpected outbreak from two bacterial pathogens, Renibacterium salmoninarum and Aeromonas salmonicida. Surviving fish injected with erythromycin had significantly lower levels of infection, determined by clinical and immunologic tests. Progeny from fish ...
Influence of anthropometric measurements, age, and prostate volume on prostate-specific antigen levels in men with a low risk of prostate cancer.

Abstract Objectives To assess the correlation between age, height, body weight, body mass index, body surface area (BSA), prostate volume, and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level, and to determine the significant factors for predicting the PSA level in men with a low risk of having prostate cancer. Methods Men who had undergone at least one ultrasound-guided extended prostate biopsy at the M.D. Anderson Cancer Center from 1998 to 2003 and were proven, on pathologic examination, to be without cancer were included in this study. All patients underwent clinical evaluations, including digital rectal examination, serum PSA determination, transrectal ultrasound examination, and anthropometric measurements. The relationship between the clinical parameters and PSA level was examined by the Mann-Whitney U test and determination of the Pearson correlation coefficient. Results A total of 653 men were eligible for analysis in our study. The median age was 62.0 years; the median prostate volume was 48.3 cm 3 ; and the median PSA level was 5.5 ng/mL. The PSA level correlated with age ( P P P P P P Conclusions Of the variables tested, prostate volume was most significantly related to the PSA level. The anthropometric parameters were not directly associated with the PSA level, but were associated with the prostate volume. Our findings suggest that differences in the PSA level may be influenced by body size, if the prostate volume is held constant in men with a low risk of having prostate cancer.
Laterally‐propagating Rossby waves in the easterly acceleration phase of the quasi‐biennial oscillation

It is shown that oscillating mean flow solutions exist in the one‐dimensional Holton‐Lindzen (1972) model in the presence of a single Kelvin wave, mean flow diffusion, and an easterly zonal force p...
Comparative studies on the structure and aggregative properties of the myosin molecule. II. The substructure of the lobster myosin molecule

Abstract Previous results (Siemankowski, R.F. and Zobel, C.R. (1976) J. Mechanochem. Cell Motility 3, 171–184) demonstrated that, relative to myosin from rabbit skeletal muscle, myosin from lobster abdominal muscle has four times as many sites susceptible to tryptic fragmentation at the fast rate. The present studies show that limited tryptic digestion of lobster myosin results in the rapid production of three species of rod fragments, all of which are insoluble at low ionic strength; a subfragment-1-like species; and, in addition, the release of large amounts of small peptides (35%, w/w). From estimates of the yields of the tryptic fragments, it is found that although 1 mol equiv. of rod-fragment is produced per mol of myosin digested, only 1 mol equiv. of a subfragment-1-like species is found, suggesting that the lobster myosin subfragment-1-moiety is much more trypsin-labile than the analogous region of rabbit myosin. By two-dimensional electrophoretic analysis, it was found that two of the rod species comprise a large number of unique peptides, collectively, after denaturation in 9 M urea. Similar analysis demonstrates that the subfragment-1-like species contains a small ( M r 25 000 ), very basic peptide, and that during digestion with trypsin the larger light chain ( M r 20 000 ) is converted entirely into a more acidic light chain fragment ( M r 18 500 ). The smaller light chain ( M r 16 000 ) is resistant to tryptic proteolysis.
Dynamic inversion: an evolving methodology for flight control design

This paper describes nonlinear dynamic inversion as an alternative design method for flight controls. The method is illustrated with super-manoeuvring control laws for the F-18 high angle-of-attack research vehicle.
Adolescent Substance Use and Suicidal Behavior: A Review With Implications for Treatment Research

Adolescent substance use (alcohol and other drugs) and suicidal behavior, independently, pose serious public health problems. Youths who report co-occurring substance use and suicidality are a particularly high-risk group. In this review, we explore four areas that are pertinent to research with substance-abusing and suicidal adolescent populations. First, we review epidemiological research that is relevant to the association between substance use and suicidal behavior. Results suggest that substance use heightens statistical risk for suicidal behavior in adolescent clinical and community populations. Alcohol intoxication may serve as a proximal risk factor for suicidal behavior among distressed youths through its psychopharmacological effects on the brain. Substance use may also serve as a distal risk factor for suicidal behavior by increasing stress and exacerbating co-occurring psychopathology. Second, we propose different theoretical models that might explain the high rates of co-occurring substance use and suicidal behavior among adolescents. Substance use may stem from an underlying syndrome of problem behavior among impulsive suicide attempters with predominant externalizing symptoms. In contrast, nonimpulsive suicide attempters with predominant internalizing symptoms may use substances to cope with negative affective states. Third, we explore the status of treatment research with substance abusing and suicidal adolescent populations. Studies of substance abuse treatment and suicidal behavior have neither adequately assessed nor incorporated treatment of the other co-occurring problem. Finally, we conclude with proposed directions for future research, including the development of integrated interventions tailored to adolescents with these co-occurring problems.
Technological Lockout: An Integrative Model of the Economic and Strategic Factors Driving Technology Success and Failure

Technology markets often exhibit extreme path dependency, enabling random or idiosyncratic events to have dramatic effects on technology success or failure. However, these effects accrue in an ordered way: by impacting a set of factors that have predictable influences on technology adoption. Since firm strategy also impacts these factors, technology adoption is neither wholly random nor beyond the firm's control. In this article the author I build a model of these factors by integrating economics, strategy, and marketing research. The model yields important implications for the strategic development and deployment of technology.
Neighbourhood alcohol availability and gonorrhea rates:impact of social capital

Social capital and income inequality have been proposed as important mediators of the relation between the material environment and health outcomes. We determined whether indicators of social capital are (i) associated with neighbourhood gonorrhea rates, and (ii) mediate the relation between alcohol outlet density and gonorrhea rate. Longitudinal analyses of age- and sex-adjusted gonorrhea cases reported from 1990 to 1996 in the 445 census tracts affected by the 1992 civil unrest in Los Angeles, California was conducted. The role of alcohol outlets was assessed both as tracts with surrendered off-sale outlets due to the civil unrest and annual off-sale alcohol outlet density rates. Tract level voting rates were used as one indicator of social capital, while neighbourhood structure conducive to social organization was used as another. Neighbourhoods with greater voting over time and greater endogenous social organization experienced 1.9 and 67.2 fewer gonorrhea cases per 100,000. Results also reveal a partial mediating role of social capital on the relationship between alcohol outlet density and gonorrhea rate. The alcohol environment may have a direct or partially mediated role in infectious disease outcomes such as gonorrhea. Our findings support the importance of continuing controls and limits on off-premise alcohol outlet density, as a potential means of reducing gonorrhea rates and increasing social capital.
Semi-tied covariance matrices for acoustic models based on random forests of phonetic decision trees

In this paper, we investigate combining semi-tied covariance matrices and Random Forests (RFs) based phonetic decision trees (PDTs) for acoustic modeling in conversational speech recognition. We first use the RF method to train multiple PDTs for each phone state unit, and generate multiple sets of acoustic models accordingly. We then apply semi-tied covariance matrices to each set of acoustic models to improve their fit to data. In decoding search we combine the likelihood scores from the multiple acoustic models for each speech frame. The viability of semi-tied covariance matrices with different tying classes are studied from their effects on the diversity of RF-based acoustic models as well as on the word accuracy of our task of telehealth automatic captioning. Experimental results indicate that semi-tied covariance matrices help enhance the diversity of the RFs-PDTs based acoustic models as well as increase word accuracy.
The Importance of Demand and Supply Elasticities in Dairy Policy Analysis

A quarterly model is used to determine the effect of alternative government programs evaluated over a range of elasticities on the total income of farmers, government expenditures, and the cost to plants of raw milk. A reduction in price supports reduces farmers' revenue by more than three times with price support when compared to quota and more than nine times with assessment when compared to quota. The higher the elasticities, the smaller the total revenue loss to dairy farmers and the smaller the total revenue difference among policies.
Studies of altered vitrophyre for the prediction of nuclear waste repository - induced thermal alteration at Yucca Mountain, Nevada

Nuclear waste emplacement in devitrified volcanic tuff at Yucca Mountain will raise the temperature of surrounding rock for a geologically significant period of time. This study evaluates the susceptibility of an underlying 50 ft-thick vitrophyre to thermal alteration by examining alteration that occurred in the rock as it cooled after deposition. A 10°C temperature rise should have no mineralogical effects on the vitrophyre, but an increase of 60° or more is likely to result in alteration. Expected mineralogic changes in the vitrophyre caused by this amount of thermal loading include crystallization of zeolites and smectite. Alteration will be concentrated in a thin interval near the top of the vitrophyre and along fractures. Adsorbed water and water in preexisting hydrous minerals and in glass may contribute to hydrothermal alteration of underlying vitrophyre. Bulk porosity change would be slight and local porosity increase would probably be restricted to the upper part of the vitrophyre. Although some fracture filling could occur, such a minor sealing effect would be balanced by development of secondary porosity. Zeolites and smectite, newly-crystallized along fluid flow paths below the waste repository, could provide an enhanced sorptive barrier to radionuclide migration.
Power Dividers Based on Dielectric Resonator Whispering-Gallery Modes Fed by Probe or Slot Type of Coupling

The use of whispering-gallery mode dielectric resonator (WGMDR) in the design of X -band five-way power divider is presented. Different excitation techniques are proposed to excite the higher order whispering-gallery H-polarized resonating mode such as probe excitation and C-slot type of coupling integrated with microstrip feeding technology. The cylindrical dielectric resonator is enclosed within a cylindrical shielding cavity to prevent radiation losses. Due to the natural behavior of the performed resonating mode, an out of phase equal power distribution can be observed. To obtain an in-phase power distribution, the adjacent C-slots are rotated with respect to each other for phase compensation. Both input matching and equal power distribution are experimentally maintained within several hundreds of megahertz frequency band around the resonance. Measured scattering parameters magnitude and phase of the proposed six-port structure are carried out to verify the expected simulation results for the different proposed excitation techniques.
Universal logic implementer: a general purpose tool for a digital logic design laboratory

The authors present a general purpose digital logic implementer, a tool designed to serve as a workstation for laboratory experiments in the digital logic and computer architecture courses taught in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Washington State University. The logic implementer is a versatile tool suitable for a wide spectrum of experiments, from simple gate-level implementation of logic circuits to the implementation of microprogrammed bit-slice processors. The basic features of the logic implementer include generality of applications, easy-to-use environment, and robust, reliable interconnections. >
Campylobacter jejuni-specific serum antibodies are elevated in healthy Bangladeshi children.

In Bangladesh and other developing countries, isolation of Campylobacter jejuni is common in healthy children, and the illness/infection ratio falls with age. To determine whether specific serum antibodies correlate with this phenomenon, using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, we studied sera from 93 healthy Bangladeshi children and 121 healthy U.S. children under 15 years of age. For each age group (less than 1, 2 to 4, and 5 to 14 years) studied, specific serum antibody levels were significantly higher in the Bangladeshi children. Among Bangladeshi children, for each of the three immunoglobulin subclasses, the change in antibody levels with age was different. Specific immunoglobulin A antibody levels rose linearly with age, immunoglobulin G levels peaked in the 2- to 4-year age group and then fell, and immunoglobulin M levels peaked in the 2- to 4-year age group and then plateaued. Elevated serum antibody levels to C. jejuni in Bangladeshi children may be protective in themselves or may reflect other protective phenomena.
Tournaments Versus Sponsored Mobility as Determinants of Job Search Success

A large but dated literature indicates that academia does not reward individuals for contributions to science, instead applying sponsored mobility norms, whereby individuals are rewarded when they ...
Cheaper, Simpler, and Better: Tips for Treating Seniors With Parkinson Disease

Treatment of seniors with Parkinson disease is within the domain of primary care physicians and internists. A good working knowledge of carbidopa/levodopa principles should allow excellent care of most patients, at least during the early years of the disease. Even later, when levodopa responses become more complicated (eg, dyskinesias, motor fluctuations, insomnia, anxiety), levodopa adjustments may be all that is necessary. A dozen tips for optimizing treatment of Parkinson disease are discussed herein.
Perturbative unitarity and high-energy WL+/-,ZL,H scattering. One-loop corrections and the Higgs-boson coupling.

We reexamine the unitarity constraints on the high-energy scattering of longitudinally polarized $W'\mathrm{s}$ and $Z'\mathrm{s}$ and Higgs bosons in the standard model including one-loop corrections. Using an Argand diagram analysis, we find that the $j=0$ scattering amplitudes are approximately unitary and weakly interacting at order ${\ensuremath{\lambda}}^{2}$ for Higgs-boson couplings $\ensuremath{\lambda}(s,{M}_{H}^{2})\ensuremath{\lesssim}2$, but that corrections of order ${\ensuremath{\lambda}}^{3}$ or higher must be included to restore perturbative unitarity for larger values of $\ensuremath{\lambda}$. We show also that two-loop $[\mathrm{O}({\ensuremath{\lambda}}^{3})]$ corrections cannot extend the range of validity of perturbation theory beyond $\ensuremath{\lambda}\ensuremath{\approx}2.2$. An analysis of inelastic 2 \ensuremath{\rightarrow} 4 scattering in the ${W}_{L}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}$, ${Z}_{L}$, $H$ system gives an independent but weaker limit $\ensuremath{\lambda}(s,{M}_{H}^{2})\ensuremath{\lesssim}5$. The limit $\ensuremath{\lambda}(s,{M}_{H}^{2})l2$ translates to a physical-Higgsboson mass ${M}_{H}\ensuremath{\lesssim}400$ GeV if the bound is to hold up to energies of a few TeV, or ${M}_{H}\ensuremath{\lesssim}160$ GeV in perturbatively unified theories with a mass scale of order ${10}^{15}$ GeV. For masses much larger than these bounds, low-order perturbation theory fails and the Higgs sector of the standard model becomes effectively strongly interacting.
Foam Density Sensitivity Study for the 9977 Package

Two layers of insulation fill the volume of the 9977 package between the drum liner and the shell. One of these layers is composed of General Plastics FR-3716 polyurethane foam (also known as Last-A-Foam{reg_sign}), poured through fill holes in the drum bottom and foamed in place. There was concern that the density of the foam insulating layer may vary due to the manufacturing process and that variations in foam density would compromise the safety basis of the package. Thus, a structural finite element analysis was performed to investigate this concern. The investigation examined the effect of replacing the material properties for the FR-3716 polyurethane foam, which has a density equal to 16 lb{sub m}/ft{sup 3}, with material properties of similar foam with varying densities through finite element analysis of hypothetical accident conditions (HAC) pertaining to impact conditions. The results showed that the functional performance of the containment vessel (CV) was not compromised under the conditions investigated.
Reintroducing the Concept of Complementarity into Psychology

Central to quantum theory is the concept of complementarity. In this essay, we argue that complementarity is also central to the emerging field of quantum cognition. We review the concept, its historical roots in psychology, and its development in quantum physics and offer examples of how it can be used to understand human cognition. The concept of complementarity provides a valuable and fresh perspective for organizing human cognitive phenomena and for understanding the nature of measurements in psychology. In turn, psychology can provide valuable new evidence and theoretical ideas to enrich this important scientific concept.