cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Improved Oral Health on the Utilization of Dental Services

Since the mid-20th century, there has been a remarkable decline in dental caries in the United States. The effects of that caries decline have now been demonstrated well into the adult population. These improvements in oral health are resulting in substantial declines in the reparative and restorative dental services being provided to the affected individuals, who comprise a growing part of the population. Because of fewer compromised teeth, extractions and their sequelae also are declining. Much of the recall and periodontal maintenance care can be provided by allied dental personnel. As the older age cohorts, who were children before the caries decline occurred, become an ever-smaller part of the population, the number of patients an individual dentist can treat in a year is likely to increase. This article was written as part of the project "Advancing Dental Education in the 21st Century."
Syncope in a Pregnant Woman: Infiltrative Cardiomyopathy and Presumed Cardiac Sarcoidosis.

Abstract Cardiac involvement in sarcoidosis is an uncommon manifestation of the disease process. Diagnosis and treatment during pregnancy can be challenging due to life-threatening ventricular arrh...
The effects of ammonium tetrathiomolybdate intake on tissue copper and molybdenum in pregnant ewes and lambs.

Pregnant ewes (d 32 of gestation) were allocated to three treatments and given intraruminal controlled-release devices designed to deliver 0, 20 or 60 mg diammonium tetrathiomolybdate (TTM) per day. Ewes given 20 or 60 mg TTM/d also received an oral drench of 120 or 360 mg TTM twice weekly commencing on d 86 of gestation. Liver and kidney samples were taken from lambs 48 h after birth and from ewes on d 18 postpartum. Trichloroacetic acid soluble Cu, ceruloplasmin and superoxide dismutase activities in the plasma of ewes were decreased (P less than .05) by TTM. Liver Cu concentrations were decreased (P less than .05), but kidney Cu concentrations increased (P less than .05) by 16-fold in ewes given the higher dose of TTM. Liver and kidney Mo concentrations were elevated (P less than .05) 9- and 30-fold, respectively, in ewes given TTM. Plasma glucose concentrations in ewes were decreased (P less than .05) by the highest level of TTM treatment. Lambs of ewes given TTM had a fivefold increase (P less than .05) in liver Mo concentration, but kidney Mo concentration was not affected (P greater than .05) and liver Cu concentration was reduced (P less than .05). In ewes, Mo apparently caused Cu to be mobilized from the liver and a Cu and Mo complex accumulated in the kidney. Some Mo crossed the placenta, but only limited Mo accumulated in the fetal livers. When given to pregnant ewes, TTM reduced liver Cu levels in the lambs but did not affect the concentration of Cu in colostrum.
Age-Dependent Emergency Department Resource Utilization in Patients with a Ventricular Assist Device

Purpose There are minimal data on emergency department (ED) resource utilization for pediatric patients with ventricular assist devices (VADs), and it is unclear if adult data can be extrapolated to children. Methods This analysis of national estimates of ED-visit level encounters uses the Nationwide Emergency Department Sample (NEDS). Patients from 2006 to 2014 with VADs were identified using ICD-9 codes and categorized as pediatric (≤18y), young adult (19-44y), middle adult (45-64y) and older adult (≥65y). The primary outcome was death; secondary outcomes included median inflation adjusted charge, admission/transfer rate, and primary encounter diagnoses. Results Over the 9 years studied, a total of 254 (95% CI 190-318) pediatric, 3,003 (95% CI 2424-3582) young adult, 7,590 (95% CI 6220-8961) middle adult, and 6,857 (95% CI 5604-8110) older adult ED encounters were identified. Compared to all other age groups, the pediatric VAD ED encounters were more likely to occur at a non-teaching or non-metropolitan ED, to have private insurance as a primary payer, and have a higher proportion of female patients (p ≤ 0.0003 for all). The two most frequent primary encounter diagnoses in pediatric patients were acute gastrointestinal (19%) and respiratory complaints (14%), both of which were uncommon in all adult age groups (p 0.2 for all). Conclusion In this study evaluating ED resource utilization of VAD patients, pediatric patients had much lower admission rate and charges compared to their adult counterparts—likely reflecting generally lower acuity complaints or potentially less medical complexity. Still, high mortality rates across all ages highlights the ubiquitous fragility of patients with VADs presenting to the ED and the need for strategies to reduce morbidity and mortality.
Additive Manufacturing of Living Electrodes

The combination of electrochemically active microorganisms with miniaturized electronics has immense potential for augmenting a wide range of practical bioelectronic applications such as biosensing, bioenergy harvesting, and bio-electrosynthesis. However, a major challenge to the controllable and seamless integration of biological systems and external electronics is the fundamental mismatch in physicochemical properties and weak signal transmission between the biotic-abiotic interfaces. Here, we demonstrated an innovative method to fabricate the conductive-polymer-bacteria living electrode with a rapid and controllable 3-D printing platform and simple electrochemical polymerization techniques. The monomer precursor 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) was printed into a 3-electrode electrochemical cell containing the exoelectrogen Shewanella oneidensis wild type MR-1. The monomer was in-situ electrochemically polymerized to the conducting polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), entrapping and connecting the electrochemically active bacteria to the electrode within 35 min. Using cyclic voltammetry (CV), the living electrode showed enhanced bio-electrochemical activities, providing transformative development for bioenergy harvesters, biosensors and biomedical devices. [2020-0082]
Transcriptomic insight into salinomycin mechanisms in breast cancer cell lines: synergistic effects with dasatinib and induction of estrogen receptor β

Tumors are heterogeneous in nature, composed of different cell populations with various mutations and/or phenotypes. Using a single drug to encounter cancer progression is generally ineffective. To improve the treatment outcome, multiple drugs of distinctive mechanisms but complementary anticancer activities (combination therapy) are often used to enhance antitumor efficacy and minimize the risk of acquiring drug resistance. We report here the synergistic effects of salinomycin (a polyether antibiotic) and dasatinib (a Src kinase inhibitor). Functionally, both drugs induce cell cycle arrest, intracellular reactive oxygen species (iROS) production, and apoptosis. We rationalized that an overlapping of the drug activities should offer an enhanced anticancer effect, either through vertical inhibition of the Src-STAT3 axis or horizontal suppression of multiple pathways. We determined the toxicity induced by the drug combination and studied the kinetics of iROS production by fluorescence imaging and flow cytometry. Using genomic and proteomic techniques, including RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq), reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), and Western Blot, we subsequently identified the responsible pathways that contributed to the synergistic effects of the drug combination. Compared to either drug alone, the drug combination showed enhanced potency against MDA-MB-468, MDA-MB-231, and MCF-7 human breast cancer (BC) cell lines and tumor spheroids. The drug combination induces both iROS generation and apoptosis in a time-dependent manner, following a 2-step kinetic profile. RNA-seq data revealed that the drug combination exhibited synergism through horizontal suppression of multiple pathways, possibly through a promotion of cell cycle arrest at the G1/S phase via the estrogen-mediated S-phase entry pathway, and partially via the BRCA1 and DNA damage response pathway. Transcriptomic analyses revealed for the first time, that the estrogen-mediated S-phase entry pathway partially contributed to the synergistic effect of the drug combination. More importantly, our studies led to the discoveries of new potential therapeutic targets, such as E2F2, as well as a novel drug-induced targeting of estrogen receptor β (ESR2) approach for triple-negative breast cancer treatment, currently lacking of targeted therapies.
A Comprehensive Review of the Evaluation, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Older Adult Bipolar Disorder

This review summarizes the extant literature on the epidemiology, neuropsychology, clinical assessment, and treatment/management of older adult bipolar disorder (OABD). The primary aim was to provide a contemporary and accessible reference for clinicians involved in the care of OABD patients. Important research into the unique features of OABD has been carried out in recent years, providing a more robust albeit still limited foundation to help guide clinical decision-making. Some of the more consistent findings have highlighted (1) the importance of assessing for potentially reversible sources of secondary mania (i.e., manic symptoms unrelated to a primary mood disorder but with qualitatively similar presentation) in patients with late-onset mania; (2) the need for closer follow-up and more aggressive treatment to help stabilize illness course in OABD patients with earlier symptom onset; (3) the presence of domain-general cognitive dysfunction (but not accelerated cognitive aging) in OABD; and (4) the strong need for more randomized control trials examining the safety and efficacy of various psychopharmacological interventions in OABD samples. Research continues to support lithium as the gold-standard treatment for OABD, but there are other promising therapies. Asenapine, lurasidone, and divalproex have demonstrated efficacy in reducing symptoms, but future research must also categorize their side effect profile and most effective use in treatment (e.g., monotherapy or adjunctive therapy). ECT may be a useful alternative to pharmacotherapy, but very little research has been conducted in the OABD patient population. Compared with mixed age and younger samples, there is a paucity of clinical research specific to OABD. To date, the treatment literature in OABD is limited by small sample sizes, cohorts of mixed-age populations, and non-randomized and uncontrolled study designs. Consequently, making evidence-based treatment decisions often requires extrapolating data from studies of younger adults with BD. Fortunately, international collaborative efforts have recently been established that will include, for the first time, much larger sample sizes to better characterize the natural history, clinical course, comorbidities, and effective therapies for OABD.
Measurement-Free Kerr-Based Cubic Phase Gate with Gaussian Operations

We propose a measurement-free construction of a cubic phase gate based on a Kerr nonlinearity and Gaussian transformations. Experimental feasibility is discussed for pulsed nanophotonic waveguides where quantum states are encoded into quantum solitons.
An Assessment of the Food Retail Environment in Counties with High Obesity Rates in Mississippi

Low dietary quality and high obesity rates have been associated with poor food environments. Existing literature on food environments generally uses store audits, which presents several limitations...
Optimizing the Position of Inorganic Scintillators in a Handheld Dual Particle Imager

This work details an optimization process for incorporating inorganic scintillators into a stilbene-based handheld dual particle imager (H2DPI). A prototype H2DPI composed of eight stilbene pillars with dimensions of 6 x 6 x 50.5 mm3 coupled to silicon photomultipliers has been built and is capable of imaging both neutrons and gamma rays emitted by special nuclear material. Gamma-ray imaging with the prototype was performed using an approximate Compton imaging method due to lack of photoelectric absorption of gamma rays in stilbene. Incorporation of inorganic scintillators significantly increases the probability of photoelectric absorption, allowing for Compton imaging. Simulations were made for several geometries where the placement of CeBr3 scintillators was varied to analyze how the system geometry impacts the image quality of simulated measurements. These were compared to a step function using a structural similarity index to determine which system geometry produced the optimal images. It was found that placing the CeBr3 scintillators in the corners of the system produced the best gamma-ray images while maintaining high neutron double-scatter efficiency.
New tau neutrino oscillation and scattering constraints on unitarity violation

The tau neutrino is the least well measured particle in the Standard Model. Most notably, the tau neutrino row of the lepton mixing matrix is quite poorly constrained when unitarity is not assumed. In this paper we identify several new and overlooked data sets involving tau neutrinos that improve our understanding of the tau neutrino part of the mixing matrix. We present new results on the unitarity of the tau row leveraging existing constraints on the electron and muon rows for the cases of unitarity violation, with and without kinematically accessible steriles. We also show the expected sensitivity due to upcoming experiments and demonstrate that the tau neutrino row precision is expected to be comparable to the muon neutrino row in a careful combined fit.
Correlated Insulating States and Transport Signature of Superconductivity in Twisted Trilayer Graphene Superlattices.

Layers of two-dimensional materials stacked with a small twist angle give rise to beating periodic patterns on a scale much larger than the original lattice, referred to as a "moire superlattice." Here, we demonstrate a higher-order "moire of moire" superlattice in twisted trilayer graphene with two consecutive small twist angles. We report correlated insulating states near the half filling of the moire of moire superlattice at an extremely low carrier density (∼10^{10} cm^{-2}), near which we also report a zero-resistance transport behavior typically expected in a 2D superconductor. The full-occupancy (ν=-4 and ν=4) states are semimetallic and gapless, distinct from the twisted bilayer systems.
Lecture Notes on Functional Analysis: With Applications to Linear Partial Differential Equations

This textbook is addressed to graduate students in mathematics or other disciplines who wish to understand the essential concepts of functional analysis and their applications to partial differential equations. The book is intentionally concise, presenting all the fundamental concepts and results but omitting the more specialized topics. Enough of the theory of Sobolev spaces and semigroups of linear operators is included as needed to develop significant applications to elliptic, parabolic, and hyperbolic PDEs. Throughout the book, care has been taken to explain the connections between theorems in functional analysis and familiar results of finite-dimensional linear algebra. The main concepts and ideas used in the proofs are illustrated with a large number of figures. A rich collection of homework problems is included at the end of most chapters. The book is suitable as a text for a one-semester graduate course.
Curriculum Review at Columbia Business School: The 1950s and 1960s

In fall 1960, Columbia Business School introduced its new MBA curriculum. This curriculum, the culmination of more than five years of effort by the faculty, set the broad framework for business education at Columbia for the next 30 years. This curriculum was not static, however, and many incremental changes were made, especially during the 1960s and early 1970s, as the new core curriculum underwent a variety of modifications.
Extension to Condensed Matter and Outlook

The final chapter discusses applicability of the described methods to calculations in condensed matter, and outlines the necessary steps in overcoming limitations of the described methods for condensed matter calculations. The chapter concludes with discussion of future directions.
Strength and Response of Composite Plates Containing an Open Hole and Subjected to Compressive Loading

A computer code, designated as “PDHOLEC”, was developed for analyzing compression failure of laminated composites containing an open hole. The code was developed based on the progressive damage analysis which was proposed by the authors. The analysis consists of a stress analysis for calculating stresses and strains inside the laminates, and a failure analysis for predicting damage and determining the residual stiffnesses and strengths of the laminates. Not only can the ultimate load of the laminates be determined by the code, but also the types and the extent of damage as a function of the applied load can be evaluated. The code was verified extensively by experimental data. The code can be used as a design tool for designing and sizing laminated composites containing holes and subjected to compression loading.
Kinetics of competitive reverse transcriptase-PCR

Publisher Summary Competitive reverse transcriptase (RT)- polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a versatile tool for quantification of gene expression. It is a technique whose past has been shaded by doubts and questions concerning its reliability. However, these suspicions have been subsided with time. And with the coming of new analytical tools, it has been possible to explore biological function as manifested in variations in the level of gene expression. This chapter discusses the kinetics of competitive RT-PCR. The reason why gene expressions need to be measured is the fact that when competitive RT-PCR methods are carefully designed and applied, both precision and accuracy are high, even when microscopic tissue samples are analyzed. The chapter also describes the applications of quantitative gene expression. This approach is useful in two general arenas – clinical laboratory and research laboratory. The several advantages of using these approaches in these two areas are discussed in this chapter. It also unravels the critical elements of performance in competitive RT-PCR. Finally, the performance characteristics are discussed that include versatility, construction, sensitivity, and validation.
On generalizing the K-χ theorem

Abstract The K - χ theorem, which states the proportionality between the linear polarizability of a plasma particle in a rapidly oscillating wave field and the adiabatic ponderomotive potential seen by this particle due to the wave, is generalized to arbitrary Hamiltonian dipole interactions.
Dynamics and control of an elastic dumbbell spacecraft in a central gravitational field

The dynamics of a dumbbell shaped spacecraft are modeled as two identical mass particles connected by a linear elastic spring. The equations of motion of the spacecraft in a planar orbit in a central gravitational field are presented. The equations of motion characterize orbit, attitude, and shape (or elastic deformation) degrees of freedom and the coupling between them. Relative equilibria, corresponding to circular planar orbits, are obtained from these equations of motion. Linear equations of motion that describe perturbations from these relative equilibria are presented. New dynamics and control problems are introduced for these linear equations. Controllability results are presented for various actuation assumptions, based on the linear equations.
Brain-type glucose transporter (GLUT-1) is selectively localized to the blood-brain barrier. Studies with quantitative western blotting and in situ hybridization.

The hypothesis that the GLUT-1 glucose transporter isoform is expressed selectively in brain at the capillary endothelium, i.e. the blood-brain barrier (BBB), was tested by using quantitative Western blotting, cytochalasin B binding, and in situ hybridization in bovine brain cortex. Purified human red cell glucose transporter was used as the standard for quantitative Western blots, because the mobility of the human erythrocyte and BBB glucose transporters in electrophoretic gels was identical. The concentration of immunoreactive glucose transporter in bovine BBB plasma membranes was 10.8 +/- 0.9 pmol/mgp (mean +/- S.E., n = 6). This value was not statistically different from the estimate of the maximal binding sites of D-glucose-displaceable [3H]cytochalasin B binding in the BBB membrane preparations, 11.7 +/- 3.5 pmol/mgp. In situ hybridization experiments using 35S-labeled antisense and sense riboprobes corresponding to nucleotides 385-932 of the GLUT-1 cDNA showed prominent hybridization of the antisense probe over brain microvascular endothelium, but no hybridization over neuropil greater than that found with the 35S-labeled sense probe. These studies are consistent with the following conclusion: (a) essentially 100% of the glucose transporter binding sites at the BBB can be accounted for by the GLUT-1 isoform; (b) in situ hybridization studies confirm previous Northern blot analysis and indicate the GLUT-1 gene is expressed selectively in microvascular endothelium in brain with minimal, if any, expression of this gene in neurons or glial cells in vivo.
Language Support for Pipelining Wavefront Computations

Wavefront computations, characterized by a data dependent flow of computation across a data space, are receiving increasing attention as an important class of parallel computations. Though sophisticated compiler optimizations can often produce efficient pipelined implementations from sequential representations, we argue that a language-based approach to representing wavefront computations is a more practical technique. A language-based approach is simple for the programmer yet unambiguously parallel. In this paper we introduce simple array language extensions that directly support wavefront computations. We show how a programmer may reason about the extensions' legality and performance; we describe their implementation and give performance data demonstrating the importance of parallelizing these codes.
Collection of Coagulation Specimens

Specimen integrity is important for every laboratory test, but especially for coagulation testing, where even minor deviations from standard practices may lead to inaccurate results. Citrated plasma is the most common specimen type for routine and special coagulation testing, and the suitability of citrated plasma is particularly sensitive to anticoagulant concentration, container materials, collection technique, centrifugation, and storage. Accordingly, this chapter will emphasize citrated plasma specimens, but will also address other specimen types that are becoming increasingly important in hemostasis testing. The purpose of this chapter is to describe current recommendations for and points of ambiguity about specimens for hemostasis testing to assist the laboratory director in establishing standard operating procedures and evaluating the acceptability of non-ideal specimens.
Composition of Rat Milk from Day 5 to 20 of Lactation and Milk Intake of Lean and Preobese Zucker Pups

Milk composition and milk intake were measured in lean and preobese Zucker rat pups. Lactating dams were injected with 3H2O, which equilibrated with plasma water within 30 minutes. A constant specific activity of 3H was maintained by adding 3H2O to drinking water. Blood samples of 5 microliters were obtained from 1, 15 and 20-day-old suckling pups every 4 hours for a 24-hour period and the accumulation of tritium was used to calculate pups' milk intake. No diurnal variation in milk intake of pups was observed. Obese pups were identified at 5 weeks of age and showed no difference in milk intake compared to lean littermates at 10, 15 and 20 days of age. Milk intake of pups increased with age from 2.0 ml at day 10 to 15.8 ml by day 20. Food and water intake of dams also increased from day 10 to 20 of lactation. The protein and carbohydrate component of rat milk did not change significantly from day 5 to 20 of lactation; however, the fat component decreased significantly from 12.7% at day 5 to 4.2% at day 20.
CHAPTER FIVE – Synthesis of Mass-Exchange Networks—An Algebraic Approach

This chapter presents an algebraic procedure that yields results equivalent to those provided by the graphical pinch analysis. The graphical pinch analysis provides designers with a useful tool that represents the global flow of mass from the rich streams to the mass-separating agents (MSAs) and determines performance targets such as the minimum operating cost of the MSAs. But it is subject to the accuracy problems associated with any graphical approach. This is particularly so when there is a wide range of operating compositions for the rich and the lean streams. This neccessitates the use of an algebraic method. The composition-interval diagram is a useful tool for ensuring thermodynamic feasibility of mass exchange. In it each process stream is represented as a vertical arrow whose tail corresponds to its supply composition and whose head represents its target composition. Next, horizontal lines are drawn at the heads and tails of the arrows. These horizontal lines define a series of composition intervals. The objective of constructing a table of exchangeable loads is to determine the mass-exchange loads of the process streams in each composition interval. Having determined the individual loads of all process streams for all composition intervals, one can also obtain the collective loads of the rich and the lean streams. The collective load of the rich streams within the k th interval is calculated by summing the individual loads of the rich streams that pass through that interval.
Impact of in utero exposure to EtOH on corpus callosum development and paw preference in rats: protective effects of silymarin

Using a rat model we have found that the bioflavonoid silymarin (SY) ameliorates some of the negative consequences of in utero exposure to ethanol (EtOH). In the current study our aim was to determine if laterality preference and corpus callosum development were altered in rat offspring whose mothers were provided with a concomitant administration of SY with EtOH throughout gestation. We provided pregnant Fisher/344 rats with liquid diets containing 35% ethanol derived calories (EDC) throughout the gestational period. A silymarin/phospholipid compound containing 29.8% silybin was co administered with EtOH to a separate experimental group. We tested the offspring for laterality preference at age 12 weeks. After testing the rats were sacrificed and their brains perfused for later corpus callosum extraction. We observed incomplete development of the splenium in the EtOH-only offspring. Callosal development was complete in all other treatment groups. Rats from the EtOH-only group displayed a left paw preference; whereas control rats were evenly divided between right and left paw preference. Inexplicably both SY groups were largely right paw preferring. The addition of SY to the EtOH liquid diet did confer some ameliorative effects upon the developing fetal rat brain.
Adaptive grid solution for shock-vortex interaction

A time accurate adaptive grid technique is established and applied to analyse the dynamics of a shock wave passing over a vortex. The components of the technique are a shock capturing technique, a grid movement scheme, and the coupling between them. The shock vortex interaction provides an idealized model for studying certain acoustic problems and problems associated with turbulence amplification from shock waves. From a computational viewpoint, severe solution behavior is tracked with a locally high resolution grid. This is required to accurately capture all the complexities that develop in the shock front and the vortex as they approach each other, merge, and continue.
Three distinct and sequential steps in the release of sodium ions by the Na + /K + -ATPase

The Na+/K+ pump, a P-type ion-motive ATPase, exports three sodium ions and then imports two potassium ions in each transport cycle. Ions on one side of the membrane bind to sites within the protein and become temporarily occluded (trapped within the protein) before being released to the other side, but details of these occlusion and de-occlusion transitions remain obscure for all P-type ATPases. If it is deprived of potassium ions, the Na+/K+ pump is restricted to sodium translocation steps, at least one involving charge movement through the membrane's electric fields. Changes in membrane potential alter the rate of such electrogenic reactions and so shift the distribution of enzyme conformations. Here we use high-speed voltage jumps to initiate this redistribution and show that the resulting pre-steady-state charge movements relax in three identifiable phases, apparently reflecting de-occlusion and release of the three sodium ions. Reciprocal relationships among the sizes of these three charge components show that the three sodium ions are de-occluded and released to the extracellular solution one at a time, in a strict order.
The relationship between radar cross section and surface wind in two oceanic regions: ERS-1 scatterometer and buoy measurements

A wind vector retrieval algorithm is developed and validated using the ERS-1 scatterometer and collocated buoy measurements in two oceanic regions during 1992 and 1993. This algorithm, denoted RBT, and the ESA delivered winds are compared. The wind speed is retrieved from near 0.1 m/s to 18 m/s overestimating the lowest winds by about 0.4 m/s using the RBT algorithm; whereas the ESA algorithm is restricted to U>2 m/s. Existing algorithms consistently retrieve 180/spl deg/ ambiguities in wind direction about as often as the true directions. These ambiguities are caused by a small and variable upwind/downwind modulation inherent in the C-band vertically polarized backscatter. The wind speed and direction variability are similar for both algorithms; a rms deviation near 1.2 m/s and 25/spl deg/ provided the directional ambiguities are removed.
Taken Out of Context: American Teen Sociality in Networked Publics

As social network sites like MySpace and Facebook emerged, American teenagers began adopting them as spaces to mark identity and socialize with peers. Teens leveraged these sites for a wide array of everyday social practices - gossiping, flirting, joking around, sharing information, and simply hanging out. While social network sites were predominantly used by teens as a peer-based social outlet, the unchartered nature of these sites generated fear among adults. This dissertation documents my 2.5-year ethnographic study of American teens' engagement with social network sites and the ways in which their participation supported and complicated three practices - self-presentation, peer sociality, and negotiating adult society. My analysis centers on how social network sites can be understood as networked publics which are simultaneously (1) the space constructed through networked technologies and (2) the imagined community that emerges as a result of the intersection of people, technology, and practice. Networked publics support many of the same practices as unmediated publics, but their structural differences often inflect practices in unique ways. Four properties - persistence, searchability, replicability, and scalability - and three dynamics - invisible audiences, collapsed contexts, and the blurring of public and private - are examined and woven throughout the discussion. While teenagers primarily leverage social network sites to engage in common practices, the properties of these sites configured their practices and teens were forced to contend with the resultant dynamics. Often, in doing so, they reworked the technology for their purposes. As teenagers learned to navigate social network sites, they developed potent strategies for managing the complexities of and social awkwardness incurred by these sites. Their strategies reveal how new forms of social media are incorporated into everyday life, complicating some practices and reinforcing others. New technologies reshape public life, but teens' engagement also reconfigures the technology itself.
Analytical and numerical investigation of wheel climb at large angle of attack

A fully nonlinear unconstrained multibody system (MBS) wheel climb derailment model is developed to analyze the forces that govern the wheel climb motion when oriented at a large angle of attack (AOA). The results of the MBS model in the vicinity of the climb initiation are verified using a semi-analytical model that makes use of simplifying assumptions derived from the current interpretation of wheel climb. It is shown that, when the wheel makes flange contact with the rail at a large AOA, the lateral and vertical displacements of the wheel become coupled due to motion constraints resulting from the wheel/rail contact. This constraint produces kinematic contributions to the wheel climb motion that are shown to be significant throughout the motion. Additionally, the friction force developed at the point of contact is shown to be three dimensional, and therefore, concerns are raised regarding the validity of any planar force balance at the point of contact to capture such motion. Regardless, the forces measured at contact point are shown to not represent the forces that drive the derailment. Most importantly, however, is that the Nadal L / V limit is shown to not be conservative in the case considered in this paper. Taking these important results into account, questions must be raised regarding the current interpretation of wheel climb, which does not account for kinematics, as well as the various derailment criteria that have roots in Nadal’s derivation.
THE PURE CHARACTERISTICS DEMAND MODEL

In this article, we consider a class of discrete choice models in which consumers care about a finite set of product characteristics. These models have been used extensively in the theoretical literature on product differentiation and the goal of this article is to translate them into a form that is useful for empirical work. Most recent econometric applications of discrete choice models implicitly let the dimension of the characteristic space increase with the number of products (they have “tastes for products”). The two models have different theoretical properties, and these, in turn, can have quite pronounced implications for both substitution patterns and for the welfare impacts of changes in the number and characteristics of the goods marketed. After developing those properties, we provide alternative algorithms for estimating the parameters of the pure characteristic model and compare their properties to those of the algorithm for estimating the model with tastes for products. We conclude with a series of Monte Carlo results. These are designed to illustrate: (i) the computational properties of the alternative algorithms for computing the pure characteristic model, and (ii) the differences in the implications of the pure characteristic model from the models with tastes for products.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia in 2015

Few neoplastic diseases have undergone a transformation in a relatively short period like chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) has in the last few years. In 1960, CML was the first cancer in which a unique chromosomal abnormality was identified and a pathophysiologic correlation suggested. Landmark work followed, recognizing the underlying translocation between chromosomes 9 and 22 that gave rise to this abnormality and, shortly afterward, the specific genes involved and the pathophysiologic implications of this novel rearrangement. Fast forward a few years and this knowledge has given us the most remarkable example of a specific therapy that targets the dysregulated kinase activity represented by this molecular change. The broad use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors has resulted in an improvement in the overall survival to the point where the life expectancy of patients today is nearly equal to that of the general population. Still, there are challenges and unanswered questions that define the reasons why the progress still escapes many patients, and the details that separate patients from ultimate cure. In this article, we review our current understanding of CML in 2015, present recommendations for optimal management, and discuss the unanswered questions and what could be done to answer them in the near future.
Resolution of anuric acute kidney injury in a dog with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome.

Author(s): Hoareau, Guillaume L; Epstein, Steven E; Palm, Carrie; Ybarra, Winnie; Jandrey, Karl E; Cowgill, Larry D | Abstract: ObjectiveTo describe the management and resolution of anuric acute kidney injury (AKI) in a dog with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) associated with gallbladder wall necrosis.Case summaryAn 11-year-old neutered female spayed dog was referred for evaluation of anuria following cholecystectomy. Following surgery, the patient became anuric with no response to appropriate medical therapy. During the course of hospitalization, the patient developed MODS as evidenced by alteration in renal function, but also cardiovascular dysfunction, coagulation disorders, and hypoglycemia. Several hemodialysis treatments were performed and, along with intensive care, led to resolution of clinical signs and return of urine production.New or unique informationThis report describes resolution of anuria in a dog with AKI and MODS. In this clinical setting, despite a poor prognosis, survival and recovery of adequate renal function were possible with medical management that included hemodialysis.
RNA processing in malarial parasites

RNA processing in malarial parasites is a relatively new focus o f scientific research. Although only a few transcripts have been characterized in depth, a few patterns are beginning to emerge. Alexandra Levitt here reviews post-transcriptional processing in Plasmodium.
Cultural phenomena and the research enterprise: toward a culturally anchored methodology.

Highlights the points at which culture intersects major phases of the research enterprise — problem formulation, population definition, concept and measurement development, research design, methodology, and data analysis — and influences and constrains what researchers deem worthy of investigation and how they interpret what they observe. These ethnocentric biases inhibit the development of a knowledge base for understanding diverse cultural communities. At each step of the research process, the need to carefully examine and expose the underlying cultural assumptions and to generate and develop alternative choices is emphasized. Guidelines are provided to encourage researchers to be aware of and deliberately make choices toward the development of a culturally anchored methodology that balances the demands for rigor and sensitivity.
4th Annual IRIS Workshop Held

About 200 scientists gathered at the 4th annual Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology (IRIS) workshop in Santa Fe, N. Mex., April 12–14 and discussed recent research results obtained with the new generation of seismological instruments. The meeting provided a forum for developing new initiatives and disseminating information on how to access the IRIS Data Management Center. Organizers of the scientific program were Douglas Wiens of Washington University in St. Louis and Terry Wallace of the University of Arizona.
Unusual contact allergens from plants in the family Hydrophyllaceae

The dermatitic constituents of the glandular hairs of plants in the family Hydrophyllaceae comprise a class of uncommon natural products called "phacelioids". The chemical structures consist of various elaborations of hydroquinone attached to a C10 to C20 prenyl chain. Certain of these compounds are equivalent to the urushiols of Toxicodendron (Rhus) in their capacity to sensitize humans. Although structurally related to the urushiols, the phacelioids do not appear to cross-react in humans either with urushiol, or between phacelioids with different prenyl chains.
Pediatric surgeons on the internet: A multi-institutional experience

An estimated 24 million people, or 11% of the North American population over 16 years of age, use the Internet. An estimated 40% of households have computers, and 37 million people have Internet access. The experience of three pediatric surgery Internet sites are reviewed to evaluate current practices and future potential of the Internet to practicing pediatric surgeons. The sites reviewed are the Pediatric Surgery Bulletin Board System (BBS), the Pediatric Surgery List Server, and the Pediatric Surgery Website. Statistics were collected at each site to characterize the number of users, traffic load, topics of interest, and times of peak use. There are currently 79 subscribers to the Pediatric Surgery BBS and 100 subscribers to the Pediatric Surgery List Server. The average user of the BBS is a young man who has placed an average of 52 calls to the BBS since joining. There have been 1413 Internet electronic mail messages sent. Twenty-five percent of the traffic has been related to clinical problems and 5% to research, teaching, and career issues. Traffic at this site has been increasing exponentially with most of the dialogue concentrated on clinical issues and problem cases. In a 3-month period the Pediatric Surgery Website received 16,270 hits. The most commonly accessed areas include an electronic mail directory, case studies, the job board, information on the pediatric surgical residency, and information on upcoming meetings. Pediatric surgeons are exploring the Internet and using available pediatric surgery resources. The scope of professional information available to pediatric surgeons on the Internet is still limited but is increasing rapidly. The Internet will impact the way physicians practice medicine through education and communication.
Transcriptome profiling reveals differential transcript abundance in response to chilling stress in Populus simonii

We report global gene expression patterns of poplar in response to chilling stress. A total of 1,085 significantly differentially expressed genes, involved in photosynthesis, signal transduction, and regulation of transcription, were identified. To understand the gene network underlying the response to chilling stress in the poplar, Populus simonii, we determined the genome transcript expression profile using an Affymetrix GeneChip with 56,000 genes. Our results revealed 11,626 cold-responsive genes, with 5,267 upregulated and 6,359 downregulated. In terms of biological processes, gene ontology (GO) analysis indicated that cold-induced genes were enriched in response to temperature stimulus, reactive oxygen species, and hormone stimulus. GO terms including cellular nitrogen compound metabolic processes, photosynthesis, and generation of precursor metabolites and energy were enriched in the cold-repressed genes. The functional annotation of differentially expressed genes revealed genes involved in photosynthesis, calcium/calmodulin-mediated signal transduction, abscisic acid (ABA) homeostasis and transport, and antioxidant defense systems. Gene expression analysis showed that the majority of genes involved in photosynthesis were repressed, but the THF1 gene was induced, suggesting that it may play an important role in the production of vesicles for leaf development under low-temperature conditions. Several genes involved in calcium/calmodulin-mediated signal transduction, ABA homeostasis and transport, and antioxidant defense systems were significantly induced under chilling stress, suggesting that they may act as positive regulators in the enhanced low-temperature tolerance of poplar. Several transcription factors had divergent expression patterns, suggesting they have variable functional responses to abiotic stress. This profile of global gene expression patterns during chilling stress will be valuable for future studies on the molecular mechanisms of chilling tolerance in woody plants.
Analytical characterization of the feature detectability constraints of resolution, focus, and field-of-view for vision sensor planning

Abstract In this paper, we analytically characterize the domain of admissible camera locations, orientations, and optical settings for which features of interest in a scene are in focus, inside the field-of-view, and magnified to a certain specification. A general 3D viewing geometry is considered and the camera lens is modeled by a general thick lens model. The analytical relationships describing the complete viewpoint loci that satisfy the above optical feature detectability constraints of resolution, focus, and field-of-view are obtained. These analytical relationships are used as sensor placement constraints in the MVP model-based vision sensor planning system that we have developed. MVP automatically determines viewpoints that satisfy viewing constraints such as the feature detectability constraints discussed in this paper.
Blood pressure response associated with certain thyrocalcitonin preparations.

Certain preparations of hog thyrocalcitonin, particularly the ultracentrifuge supernatant fraction prepared by the method of Hirsch, Voelkel and Munson, have been found to exhibit a marked depressor effect on the mean arterial blood pressure of the dog. Gel filtration on a 2.5 × 90 cm column of Sephadex G-75 effected a separation of the hypocalcemic and depressor activities. Trypsin digestion destroyed the hypocalcemic but not the depressor activity. Hog thyrocalcitonin prepared by the method of Tenenhouse, Arnaud and Rasmussen had no effect on dog blood pressure. It is concluded that the depressor activity is not associated with the hypocalcemic hormone. However, investigators using the Hirsch, Voelkel and Munson preparation should be aware of the presence of this potent contaminant. (Endocrinology 80: 778, 1967)
Retinal tissue engineering using mouse retinal progenitor cells and a novel biodegradable, thin-film poly(e-caprolactone) nanowire scaffold.

Retinal progenitor cells (RPCs) can be combined with nanostructured polymer scaffolds to generate composite grafts in culture. One strategy for repair of diseased retinal tissue involves implantation of composite grafts of this type in the subretinal space. In the present study, mouse retinal progenitor cells (RPCs) were cultured on laminin-coated novel nanowire poly(e-caprolactone)(PCL) scaffolds, and the survival, differentiation, and migration of these cells into the retina of C57bl/6 and rhodospsin −/− mouse retinal explants and transplant recipients were analyzed. RPCs were cultured on smooth PCL and both short (2.5 μm) and long (27 μm) nanowire PCL scaffolds. Scaffolds with adherent mRPCs were then either co-cultured with, or transplanted to, wild-type and rhodopsin −/− mouse retina. Robust RPC proliferation on each type of PCL scaffold was observed. Immunohistochemistry revealed that RPCs cultured on nanowire scaffolds increased expression of mature bipolar and photoreceptor markers. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction revealed down-regulation of several early progenitor markers. PCL-delivered RPCs migrated into the retina of both wild-type and rhodopsin knockout mice. The results provide evidence that RPCs proliferate and express mature retinal proteins in response to interactions with nanowire scaffolds. These composite grafts allow for the migration and differentiation of new cells into normal and degenerated retina.
A centred norm inequality for singular integral operators

Let K be a standard singular integral kernel on ℝ satisfying the usual Holder continuity condition of order δ, and define (where c is chosen so that the integral of w is 1), the mean of g with respect to the measure w(x) dx , and ‖·‖ p the L p norm with respect to w(x) dx . Although the inequality is not true in general, the centred norm inequality does hold for 1 p