cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Proteomic and Transcriptomic Analysis of Extracellular Proteins and mRNA Levels in Thermobifida fusca Grown on Cellobiose and Glucose

Thermobifida fusca secretes proteins that carry out plant cell wall degradation. Using two-dimensional electrophoresis, the extracellular proteome of T. fusca grown on cellobiose was compared to that of cells grown on glucose. Extracellular proteins, the expression of which is induced by cellobiose, mainly are cellulases and cellulose-binding proteins. Other major extracellular proteins induced by cellobiose include a xylanase (Xyl10A) and two unknown proteins, the C-terminal regions of which are homologous to a lytic transglycosylase goose egg white lysozyme domain and an NLPC_P60 domain (which defines a family of cell wall peptidases), respectively. Transcriptional analysis of genes encoding cellobiose-induced proteins suggests that their expression is controlled at the transcriptional level and that their expression also is induced by cellulose. Some other major extracellular proteins produced by T. fusca grown on both cellobiose and glucose include Lam81A and three unknown proteins that are homologous to aminopeptidases and xylanases or that contain a putative NLPC_P60 domain.
Linear amplitude patterns in Corpus Christi Bay Frio Subbasin, south Texas: Interpretive pitfalls or depositional features?

Linear amplitude patterns on stratal slices in the Corpus Christi Bay area of Texas are important seismic geomorphological features that reflect sediment dispersal patterns. These amplitude patterns are oriented in both strike and dip directions. Some of the linear amplitude patterns are related to faults; however, most are related to orientation of sandstone bodies. Faulting may make the depositionally related linear amplitude patterns more fragmented, but faults do not destroy the overall orientation or geomorphologic significance of these patterns. Amplitude patterns on stratal slices should be interpreted as unbiased, general, sediment-dispersal patterns unless the patterns can be tied directly to a structural feature. In-depth understanding of structural and depositionally related amplitude patterns leads to more accurate stratal slicing interpretation in facies/reservoir prediction using poststack 3D seismic data.
Semi-public displays for small, co-located groups

The majority of systems using public displays to foster awareness have focused on providing information across remote locations or among people who are loosely connected and lack awareness of each other's activities or interests. We have, however, identified many potential benefits for an awareness system that displays information within a small, co-located group in which the members already possess some awareness of each other's activities. By using "Semi-Public Displays," public displays scoped for small groups, we can make certain types of information visible in the environment, promoting collaboration and providing lightweight information about group activity. Compared to designing for large, loosely connected groups, designing for Semi-Public Displays mitigates typically problematic issues in sustaining relevant content for the display and minimizing privacy concerns. We are using these applications to support and enhance the interactions and information that group members utilize to maintain awareness and collaborate.
Vein adaptation to arterialization in an experimental model.

Abstract Purpose: The events preceding myointimal thickening in vein grafts after vascular reconstructions are not well characterized. Indeed, the injury response associated with vein graft arterialization may be different than that observed in the balloon angioplasty model. Therefore, we used a rat model to study the early cellular response after arterialization of vein grafts. Methods: Epigastric veins were placed as femoral artery interposition grafts in 37 male Lewis rats (weight range, 350-400 g). Vein grafts and contralateral epigastric veins were harvested at different time points (6 hours, 1 day, 2 days, 3 days, 7 days, 14 days, 21 days, 30 days, and 70 days). Tissue specimens were processed for histology and immunohistochemistry with antibodies for the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and for different cell types. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay was used as a means of determining the presence of apoptosis. Electron microscopy was used as means of assessing the integrity of the endothelial cell surface (SEM) and confirming the presence of apoptosis (TEM). Specimens were also snap frozen in liquid nitrogen for RNA isolation and molecular analysis. Results: At 1 day, endothelial denudation with platelet deposition on the surface was shown by means of SEM. Both apoptosis and necrosis of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) were present in the media, along with monocyte infiltration. Cellular proliferation and apoptosis were most intense within the first week of implantation. PCNA staining was first seen in the adventitial fibroblasts and microvessels, then in the medial SMCs at 3 days. With reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, upregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) messenger RNA (mRNA) was noted at 1 day. Myointimal thickening progressively developed, with no apparent diminution of the luminal area as long as 70 days after implantation. By means of the analysis of the transforming growth factor β1, mRNA showed expression during intimal thickening and accumulation of extracellular matrix. Reendothelialization was complete at 30 days. Conclusions: These observations indicate that the cellular composition in our vein graft model is similar to human stenotic explants. Endothelial denudation is observed in rat vein grafts with complete regeneration by 30 days. VEGF mRNA is upregulated at 1 day, followed by proliferation of microvessel endothelial cells in the adventitia. Cellular proliferation and apoptosis are minimal after 21 days, with progressive intimal thickening likely to be the result of matrix accumulation. (J Vasc Surg 2001;33:561-9.)
Supporting Group Cognition in an Online Math Community: A Cognitive Tool for Small-Group Referencing in Text Chat:

The Virtual Math Teams Project is exploring how to create, structure, support and assess an online chat-based collaborative community devoted to mathematics discourse. It is analyzing the forms of group cognition that emerge from the use of shared cognitive tools with specific functionalities. Centered on a case study of a synchronous online interchange, this paper discusses the use of a graphical referencing tool in coordination with text chat to achieve a group orientation to a particular mathematical object in a shared whiteboard. Deictic referencing is seen to be a critical foundation of intersubjective cognitive processes that index objects of shared attention. The case study suggests that cognitive tools to support group referencing can be important to supporting group alignment, intentionality and cognition in online communities such as this one for collaborative mathematics.
Opioid Abuse and Overdose: Prevention Strategies

Prescription drug misuse has reached epidemic proportions in the United States. Given the magnitude of the problem, strategies to prevent initiation of prescription opioid misuse, treat existing opioid use disorders, and prevent overdose are of utmost importance. This article will summarize such strategies, including improved prescriber education, prescription drug monitoring programs, medication take-back programs, controlled substance lock-in programs, and community-based naloxone distribution.
Aspirin, NSAIDs, and colorectal cancer: possible involvement in an insulin-related pathway.

Introduction: Aspirin and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been shown to reduce risk of colorectal cancer. Although inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 is generally thought to be the relevant mechanism, aspirin-like drugs apparently are involved in other pathways and mechanisms. We explore the associations between aspirin/NSAIDs, the insulin-related pathway, and the risk of colorectal cancer. Methods: Genetic polymorphisms of five genes identified as being involved in an insulin-related pathway were genotyped using data collected in a case-control study of 1346 incident colon cancer cases and 1544 population-based controls and 952 incident rectal cancer cases and 1205 controls. Genotypes assessed were the 3′ untranslated region poly(A) and the intron 8 Bsm I polymorphisms of the VDR gene, a CA repeat polymorphism of the IGF1 gene, the A/C polymorphism at nucleotide −202 of the IGFBP3 , the Gly972Arg polymorphism of the IRS1 gene, and the Gly1057Asp polymorphism of the IRS2 gene. Results: Use of aspirin and NSAIDs was associated with a decreased risk of colorectal cancer, with slightly greater protection from NSAIDs than aspirin for rectal cancer. We observed a significant interaction between IRS1 genotype and aspirin/NSAIDs use and risk of colorectal cancer. Relative to the GR/RR IRS1 genotype, a protective effect from the GG IRS1 genotype was seen in those who did not use NSAIDs; use of NSAIDs was protective for all genotypes. These associations were especially strong for those diagnosed prior to age 65 ( P interaction = 0.0006). We also observed a significant interaction between aspirin/NSAIDs use and the VDR gene. Having the SS or BB VDR genotypes reduced risk of colorectal cancer among non-aspirin/NSAID users; however, aspirin/NSAIDs reduced risk for all VDR genotypes. Conclusions: These data support the protective effect of aspirin and NSAIDs on colorectal cancer risk. In addition, the observed interactions for aspirin/NSAIDs and IRS1 and VDR genotypes suggest that mechanisms other than COX-2 inhibition may be contributing to the protective effect of aspirin and NSAIDs on colorectal cancer risk.
Founding mothers: women in the Society of American Archivists, 1936-1972

Women have been members of the Society of American Archivists since its inception in 1936. Of the 226 founding members, 28 percent were women. In the following decades their numbers increased to 33 percent of the membership and that percentage held through the 1970s. Yet women's participation in the formal activities of the Society was well below the percentage of women members in the Society. Furthermore, until the 1970s little thought was given by the Society to the interests of women. This article examines and analyzes the status and role of women in the Society of American Archivists from its inception to the establishment in 1972 of the Committee on the Status of Women in the Archival Profession. Included are a discussion of the inequities and obstacles to participation present in the Society, and descriptions of the women who participated and their contributions.
Acute viral respiratory infection rapidly induces a CD8+ T cell exhaustion-like phenotype

Acute viral infections typically generate functional effector CD8(+) T cells (TCD8) that aid in pathogen clearance. However, during acute viral lower respiratory infection, lung TCD8 are functionally impaired and do not optimally control viral replication. T cells also become unresponsive to Ag during chronic infections and cancer via signaling by inhibitory receptors such as programmed cell death-1 (PD-1). PD-1 also contributes to TCD8 impairment during viral lower respiratory infection, but how it regulates TCD8 impairment and the connection between this state and T cell exhaustion during chronic infections are unknown. In this study, we show that PD-1 operates in a cell-intrinsic manner to impair lung TCD8. In light of this, we compared global gene expression profiles of impaired epitope-specific lung TCD8 to functional spleen TCD8 in the same human metapneumovirus-infected mice. These two populations differentially regulate hundreds of genes, including the upregulation of numerous inhibitory receptors by lung TCD8. We then compared the gene expression of TCD8 during human metapneumovirus infection to those in acute or chronic lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection. We find that the immunophenotype of lung TCD8 more closely resembles T cell exhaustion late into chronic infection than do functional effector T cells arising early in acute infection. Finally, we demonstrate that trafficking to the infected lung alone is insufficient for TCD8 impairment or inhibitory receptor upregulation, but that viral Ag-induced TCR signaling is also required. Our results indicate that viral Ag in infected lungs rapidly induces an exhaustion-like state in lung TCD8 characterized by progressive functional impairment and upregulation of numerous inhibitory receptors.
Identification of Shark Teeth (Elasmobranchii: Lamnidae) from a Historic Fishing Station on Smuttynose Island, Maine, Using Computed Tomography Imaging

Abstract - Two incomplete shark teeth were recovered during archaeological excavation of a historic fishing station on Smuttynose Island, ME. Specimens were identified to the species-level using non-destructive computed tomography (CT) imaging techniques. Their external and internal morphology is described and illustrated. Both teeth are from large sharks in the Order Lamniformes. The larger specimen is a developing tooth from the upper jaw of a Carcharodon carcharias (White Shark). The second specimen is a broken tooth from the lower jaw of a Lamna nasus (Porbeagle). The Smuttynose excavations provide an opportunity to examine faunal assemblages and the island's historic 17th-through 19th-century fisheries. Criteria for identifying teeth of common pelagic sharks of the Western North Atlantic are offered, and the role of sharks in the historic Gulf of Maine fishery is discussed.
Coupled response model for elastomeric bushings

Abstract Elastomeric bushings are essential components in tuning vehicle suspension systems. A nonlinear viscoelastic force—deformation relation, which is computationally convenient for use in multibody dynamics simulations of automotive suspensions, is presented. This force—deformation relation extends a single mode force—deformation relation to include coupling effects due to combined radial—torsional deformations. The relation contains a force relaxation function, which is dependent upon the radial displacements and angular rotations imposed on the bushing. The relaxation function is constructed using experimental results from bushing tests under radial, torsional and coupled radial—torsional deformation modes. It is shown that the predictions of the proposed relation are in good agreement with experimental results.
Underground criticality in geologic disposal

Disposition of weapons fissile material as once-through MOx fuel in reactors or immobilization in waste glass would result in end products requiring geologic disposal. Similar considerations apply to some spent fuels in a geologic repository. The criticality potential of these end products in a geologic setting is an important consideration for the final disposal of these materials. In this document we present calculations that help define parameters and configurations for criticality, including those that, if the criticality is achieved, could lead to autocatalytic power transients. It is not the purpose of this paper to define scenarios that could reasonably lead to criticality or to establish the probabilities that critical configurations could occur. We do suggest some parameters that should be considered by waste package designers and repository analysts to ensure that criticality cannot occur.
The Carpometacarpal Joints

Summary The carpometacarpal joints of the ulnar four rays are constructed for stability. The relatively flat joint surfaces of the medial three joints and the wedged articulation at the second joint are well suited to withstanding longitudinal compression, and the tight capsular-ligamentous investments resist angular moments and translational forces. Only rarely do traumatic, developmental, or occupational forces cause clinical problems at these joints, and when they do, the principal therapeutic aim is restoration of stability by anatomic reduction and fixation or even by arthrodesis. However, the carpometacarpal joint of the thumb is constructed to allow much more mobility, and presumably this accounts for the fact that there is a far greater problem at this joint with arthritic deformity. Our therapeutic efforts are usually directed toward maintaining motion, but restoration of stability is even more important, because it is essential to pain relief.
Embodying Power: A Preregistered Replication and Extension of the Power Pose Effect

Adopting expansive (vs. contractive) body postures may influence psychological states associated with power. The current experiment sought to replicate and extend research on the power pose effect ...
Transcriptional regulation of importin-α1 by JunD modulates subcellular localization of RNA-binding protein HuR in intestinal epithelial cells.

The RNA-binding protein HuR is crucial for normal intestinal mucosal regeneration by modulating the stability and translation of target mRNAs, but the exact mechanism underlying HuR trafficking bet...
Contaminant transport at large Courant numbers using Markov matrices

Abstract Volatile organic compounds, particulate matter, airborne infectious disease, and harmful chemical or biological agents are examples of gaseous and particulate contaminants affecting human health in indoor environments. Fast and accurate methods are needed for detection, predictive transport, and contaminant source identification. Markov matrices have shown promise for these applications. However, current (Lagrangian and flux based) Markov methods are limited to small time steps and steady-flow fields. We extend the application of Markov matrices by developing a methodology based on Eulerian approaches. This allows construction of Markov matrices with time steps corresponding to very large Courant numbers. We generalize this framework for steady and transient flow fields with constant and time varying contaminant sources. We illustrate this methodology using three published flow fields. The Markov methods show excellent agreement with conventional PDE methods and are up to 100 times faster than the PDE methods. These methods show promise for developing real-time evacuation and containment strategies, demand response control and estimation of contaminant fields of potential harmful particulate or gaseous contaminants in the indoor environment.
Application of next generation sequencing for the detection of human viral pathogens in clinical specimens.

Background Next generation sequencing (NGS) is a new technology that can be used for broad detection of infectious pathogens and is rapidly becoming an essential platform in clinical laboratories. It is not known how NGS will displace or enhance gold standard methodologies in infectious disease diagnosis.
Hydration Status as a Predictor of High-altitude Mountaineering Performance.

BACKGROUND Hydration status is a controversial determinant of athletic performance. This relationship has not been examined with mountaineering performance. METHODS This was a prospective observational study of mountaineers who attempted to climb Denali in Alaska. Participants' urine specific gravity (SG), and ultrasound measurements of the inferior vena cava size and collapsibility index (IVC-CI) were measured at rest prior to ascent. Upon descent, climbers reported maximum elevation gained for determination of summit success. RESULTS One hundred twenty-one participants enrolled in the study. Data were collected on 111 participants (92% response rate); of those, 105 (87%) had complete hydration data. Fifty-seven percent of study participants were found to be dehydrated by IVC-CI on ultrasound, and 55% by urine SG. No significant association was found with summit success and quantitative measurements of hydration: IVC-CI (50.4% +/- 15.6 vs. 52.9% +/- 15.4, p = 0.91), IVC size (0.96 cm +/- 0.3 vs. 0.99 cm +/- 0.3, p = 0.81), and average SG (1.02 +/- 0.008 vs. 1.02 +/- 0.008, p = 0.87). Categorical measurements of urine SG found 24% more successful summiters were hydrated at 14 Camp, but this was not found to be statistically significant (p = 0.56). Summit success was associated with greater water-carrying capacity on univariate analysis only: 2.3 L, 95% confidence interval (2.1 - 2.5) vs. 2.1 L, 95% confidence interval (2 - 2.2); p < 0.01. CONCLUSIONS Intravascular dehydration was found in approximately half of technical high-altitude mountaineers. Hydration status was not significantly associated with summit success, but increased water-carrying capacity may be an easy and inexpensive educational intervention to improve performance.
Forecasting the electric transformation in transportation: the role of battery technology performance

ABSTRACTIn an effort to encourage consumers to purchase electric vehicles (EVs), the government has been funding battery research to solve some of these problems. This paper presents a study using technology forecasting using data envelopment analysis (TFDEA) to forecast future battery performance characteristics. The results were compared against the performance goals established by the US Department of Energy (DOE). We find that the foreseen progress of EV battery performance will be insufficient to meet the DOE projected goals for the range that EVs can travel before running out of power. Therefore, a new battery technology must be developed because the incremental improvements in current battery technologies leave EVs considerably short of the DOE performance specification for longer trip ranges.
Multilayer anisotropic magnetoresistive angle sensor

Abstract A multilayer anisotropic magnetoresistive (AMR) sensing stack has been proposed in this paper for high accuracy angle sensing. A quadruple-layer AMR angle sensor was fabricated and showed smaller detection errors than traditional single-layer AMR angle sensors. Based on spectral analysis, intrinsic errors in AMR angle sensors can be attributed to two dominant sources. One is the second harmonic error due to induced anisotropy, and the other is the eighth harmonic error from shape anisotropy. The fabricated quadruple-layer AMR angle sensor with correction algorithm reduces angular errors by a factor of 5 relative to the traditional single-layer device. In addition, the quadruple-layer AMR angle sensor can be operated at low magnetic fields under 100 Oe, enabling the use of weaker, smaller, and cheaper hard magnets for magnetic field sensing. Therefore, the present quadruple-layer AMR angle sensor shows great potential for many industrial applications.
Comparison of Printed Concert Programs at ACDA, ASTA, and Midwest Clinic National Conferences

This short-form article reports a content analysis of all school-based ensemble concert programs distributed at the 2015 national conferences of the American Choral Directors Association, the Ameri...
How Surrogate Decision-Makers for Patients with Chronic Critical Illness Perceive and Carry Out Their Role

Objectives:Family members commonly make medical decision for patients with chronic critical illness. This study examines how family members approach this decision-making role in real time.Design:Qualitative analysis of interviews with family members in the intervention arm of a randomized controlled
An Infinite Dimensional Convolution Theorem

The classical Hajek-LeCam convolution theorem assumes that the underlying parameter space is a locally compact group. Extensions to Hilbert spaces with Gaussian measures were given by Moussatat, Millar and von der Vaart. We propose an extension covering cylinder measures subject to a domination restriction on their finite dimensional projections. The proof is complex and leaves open a number of problems.
Pediatric Consultation: The Value of a Clinical Perspective

Abstract A pediatric consultation augments the interpretation and understanding of the multiple factors that may have contributed to the death of an infant, child, or adolescent. The skilled clinician can effectively interpret the history, physical findings, and diagnostic studies, and such information can inform and amplify the pathological findings during the autopsy. In addition, the practitioner can comment on factors such as community and healthcare resources, child development and social determinants of health that may have contributed to the child’s demise. Numerous cases illustrating the contributions of a pediatric consultation are provided.
Open chromatin dynamics in prosensory cells of the embryonic mouse cochlea.

Hearing loss is often due to the absence or the degeneration of hair cells in the cochlea. Understanding the mechanisms regulating the generation of hair cells may therefore lead to better treatments for hearing disorders. To elucidate the transcriptional control mechanisms specifying the progenitor cells (i.e. prosensory cells) that generate the hair cells and support cells critical for hearing function, we compared chromatin accessibility using ATAC-seq in sorted prosensory cells (Sox2-EGFP+) and surrounding cells (Sox2-EGFP−) from E12, E14.5 and E16 cochlear ducts. In Sox2-EGFP+, we find greater accessibility in and near genes restricted in expression to the prosensory region of the cochlear duct including Sox2, Isl1, Eya1 and Pou4f3. Furthermore, we find significant enrichment for the consensus binding sites of Sox2, Six1 and Gata3—transcription factors required for prosensory development—in the open chromatin regions. Over 2,200 regions displayed differential accessibility with developmental time in Sox2-EGFP+ cells, with most changes in the E12-14.5 window. Open chromatin regions detected in Sox2-EGFP+ cells map to over 48,000 orthologous regions in the human genome that include regions in genes linked to deafness. Our results reveal a dynamic landscape of open chromatin in prosensory cells with potential implications for cochlear development and disease.
Rare case of Mycobacterium nebraskense presenting as asymptomatic cavitary lung lesion.

Introduction: Mycobacterium Nebraskense is a rare nontuberculous mycobacterial infection. The first isolate of the species was from human sputum at University of Nebraska Medical Center. There are ...
Design, modelling and experimentation of a novel compliant translational dwell mechanism

A partially compliant novel translational double dwell mechanism is presented in this article. The designed mechanism consists of initially straight and preloaded pinned-pinned compliant links, rigid crank, slider-rail system and a DC motor. Slider doesn’t move until the critical buckling load is achieved and then snaps to its maximum and returns back to initial position as the crank completes a full rotation. Motion behavior of elastic members depending on the geometry and loading are investigated using Elastica theory. Kinematic analysis and dynamical model are obtained by representing the compliant pinned-pinned members as translational springs using polynomial formulation method. Mechanism behavior is also analyzed in Adams FlexView. Mechanism is built by 3D printing the flexible parts using polylactic acid (PLA). Displacement of the slider along with the deformation of buckling beams are recorded and deflection shapes are detected by machine vision measurement while the crank is subjected to complete rotation. Slider position is also recorded by a laser displacement sensor. Dynamical model results are validated by the experimental setup, machine vision measurement and Adams simulations.
Textual Directions and Cognitive Workload

This project examines and compares the inferred cognitive workload of detailed and non-detailed textual directions in a navigation task. A user study was conducted where participants navigated through two virtual worlds, one urban and one rural, while following detailed and concise sets of textual directions. While navigating, a secondary task measure was used to infer cognitive workload. It was found that although there is no statistical difference between the detailed and non-detailed directions in both environments, there was a difference between the measured cognitive workload and the perceived cognitive workload on the rural map. A trend was also present on one of the maps that showed detailed directions in a simple environment may be redundant. It is important to know how many cognitive resources are allocated when performing a navigation task because it gives insight into how automatically generated directions, in systems such as GPS, should be disseminated to users. It also gives insight into how to communicate spatial information in general.
Combination of standard and throat microphones for robust speech recognition in highly noisy environments.

We present a method to combine standard and throat microphone signals for noise-robust speech recognition. Our approach is to extend the probabilistic optimum filter (POF) mapping algorithm to estimate standard microphone clean speech feature vectors from both microphones’ noisy speech feature vectors. We tested the proposed approach in two noisy speech recognition tasks. In the first task we used a large-vocabulary continuous speech recognition system and noisy speech using either artificially added noise or noise recorded in an M1 tank cockpit. In the second task we used a real-time system and noisy speech recorded in a highly noisy environment, inside a HMMWV military vehicle. A noisecanceling microphone and a throat microphone were used in this task. Because of the highly adverse conditions in this second task we propose an extension of the combined microphone approach, which takes into account the level of noise captured by the throat microphone. The combined microphone approach significantly outperforms the single microphone approach in all the recognition experiments.
Comparison of Photoscreening to Chart Methodology for Vision Screening

The goal of this study is to assess the referral rate accuracy of photoscreening versus the chart methodology in identifying preschool children at risk of amblyopia and amblyogenic refractive error. Vision screenings using the plusoptiX S12 and the LEA chart were performed on 127 children, aged 3-5 years old. Comprehensive eye exams were performed after screenings. The sensitivity and specificity of the plusoptiX S12 were 80.3% and 92.1% and the LEA chart were 43.6% and 94.8%, respectively. The sensitivity of the plusoptiX S12 is significantly higher than the LEA (p value: <.001). After eye exams, 82.9% were correctly passed by the plusoptiX S12 and 64% were correctly passed by the LEA chart (p value: .009). Objective photoscreening is significantly more accurate in identifying preschool children at risk of developing amblyopia and should be considered best practice. The chart methodology provides an inaccurate report on a preschool child's amblyopic risk.
On coarse embeddability into $ℓ_p$-spaces and a conjecture of Dranishnikov

We show that the Hilbert space is coarsely embeddable into any lp for 1 � p � 1. It follows that coarse embeddability into l2 and into lp are equivalent for 1 � p 2 due to a recent result of W. Johnson and N. Randrianarivony (JR). In this note we study the opposite situation, i.e. we show that the separable Hilbert space embeds into lp for any 1 ≤ p ≤ ∞. As a consequence we obtain a new characterization of embeddability into l2, namely that the properties of embeddability into lp for 1 ≤ p ≤ 2 are all equivalent.
Broadening Anti-Consumption Research: A History of Right-Wing Prohibitions, Boycotts, and Resistance to Sustainability:

Anti-consumption scholarship has been ideologically one-sided. It has established a research domain aligned with projects favored by the global political left, such as being environmentally sustain...
Relationship between Dental Visits and Oral Health Symptoms of Children in Chincha Alta, Peru

Introduction: Dental care visits early in life have been shown to be important for preventing early loss of deciduous dentition (primary teeth) in high risk children. The maintenance of deciduous dentition is important in preventing the spread of infection from deciduous teeth to successional dentition, and preventing eruption issues such as crowding, malalignment, and premature eruption. Peru has recently aligned with World Health Organization’s goal of increasing access to preventive care, including dental care. The aim of this study was to examine the utilization …
Application and Analysis of Transfer Learning-Survey

AI and cloud computing strategies have been utilized in various genuine world applications. A presumption of conventional AI philosophies is the preparing information, and testing information is taken from a similar space, with the end goal that the info highlight space and information conveyance attributes are the equivalents. In any case, in a few certain AI situations, this supposition doesn't hold. There are cases where preparing information is costly or hard to gather. In this manner, there is a need to make elite students prepared with all the more handily acquired information from various spaces. This procedure is alluded to as move learning. This study paper officially characterizes move learning, presents data on current arrangements, and surveys applications applied to move education. In conclusion, there is data recorded on programming downloads for different exchange learning arrangements and a conversation of conceivable future research work. The exchange learning arrangements studied are free of information size, what's more, can be applied to enormous information conditions.
Modulation Characteristics of a Delay-Controlled Optoelectronic Oscillator

A rapidly adjustable, continuously tuned optoelectronic oscillator is implemented using an integrated variable delay line. The oscillator has a tuning range of 594-634MHz and is capable of being modulated with frequencies higher than 400MHz.
Multifrequency electromagnetic geophysical tools for evaluating the hydrologic conditions and performance of evapotranspiration barriers.

Abstract Surface barriers are designed to isolate subsurface contaminants for 1000 years or longer, functionally limiting water infiltration and removing the driving force for contaminant transport to groundwater. Cost-effective monitoring is challenging because of the long design life for surface barriers, spatial limitations and finite lifetime of in situ sensors, and performance metrics related to drainage. Hence, ground-penetrating radar (GPR) and electromagnetic induction (EMI) tools were evaluated for use in performance monitoring of surface barriers. GPR and EMI were used to non-invasively interrogate the Prototype Hanford Barrier (PHB), an evapotranspiration-capillary break barrier established in 1994 at the Hanford Site, in southeastern Washington State. Both geophysical methods were evaluated for providing indirect estimates of subsurface moisture content conditions that were compared to point scale measurements from borehole neutron logs. Surveys were performed during characteristically wet and dry periods to observe a range of hydrologic states of the barrier soil. Although EMI surveys were expected to show seasonal changes associated with changes in the bulk conductivity of the barrier soil layers, the effectiveness of the method was limited by the effects of metallic infrastructure embedded in the barrier. GPR estimates of volumetric water content were typically within 2–3% of the highest water contents from neutron probe measurements for both wet and dry periods, providing reasonable estimates of water content. Given that PHB monitoring data over the past 25 years has demonstrated its success in limiting deep drainage, GPR was found to be a cost-effective method for demonstrating continued barrier performance, with a greater capacity to quantify moisture content distributions over much larger areas relative to point measurements.
Statistical Compact Model Extraction for Skewed Gaussian Variations

A technique for extracting Statistical Compact Model (SCM) parameters for skewed Gaussian parameters is proposed. Existing techniques handle non-Gaussian variations through non-linearity in model equations. However, hardware data on certain technologies suggest that non-Gaussian variations are observed even on linear parameters like Idlin/Idsat. We propose to model such variations through skewed Gaussian random variables. Analytical expressions for the statistics of the skewed Gaussian process and performance parameters are derived. SCM parameters are extracted by setting up a skewed back propagation of variance (SBPV) algorithm.
Perfluorinated Compounds: An Overview

This chapter provides an overarching introduction to the subject matter of this volume: toxicology and health effects of perfluorinated compounds (PFCs). It highlights briefly the unique chemical and physical properties of these chemicals, their production history and commercial uses, and their environmental and health concerns. The distribution profiles of these persistent contaminants in environmental media, wildlife and humans, as well as potential pathways of human exposure are characterized. General toxicological features of these chemicals include major species and sex differences in pharmacokinetic disposition among congeners with different carbon-chain lengths and functional groups, and differential potencies based on their primary mechanism of action, i.e., activation of the nuclear receptor PPARα. Current understanding of adverse effects associated with PFC exposure based on laboratory animal models include hepatotoxicity, tumor induction, developmental toxicity, immunotoxicity, neurotoxicity and endocrine disruption. Associations and probable links between exposure to some PFCs and adverse health outcomes in humans have been suggested by recent epidemiological reports. Ecological and human health risk assessments of these chemicals are still in their infancy. Each of these sub-topics will be expanded into full discussion in subsequent chapters. Importantly, a new generation of fluorinated chemicals has already emerged in commerce, with little information regarding their environmental fate and distribution as well as potential health effects. Materials presented in this volume should provide a scientific basis to inform the design of safe replacement products for the current crop of perfluorinated chemicals that promises to be less persistent and prevalent in the environment.
Incorporating Content on Offenders and Corrections Into Social Work Curricula

This article presents suggestions for incorporating content on adult offenders and corrections across diverse curriculum areas, including human behavior in the social environment, practice, research, and social welfare policy. Social work educators are provided with guiding principles for work with offenders and with many concrete strategies for integrating material on this often forgotten population into already existing courses.
DRIVER EYE SCANNING OF WARNING SIGNS ON RURAL HIGHWAYS

Eye scanning recordings were made for two drivers on a eight mile section of a rural hilly two-lane highway. Data was collected in both directions (total 66 warning signs). Nighttime data (with low beams) was also collected for one of the drivers. An instrumented vehicle with a corneal reflection technique television eye scanning recording system was used. Eye scanning behavior when approaching warning signs was analyzed for situations where there was no other traffic visible to the test driver. The results of this exploratory study suggest that: 1) drivers look practically at every warning sign, 2) drivers look on the average about 2.3 times at a warning sign, 3) the average first look distances for daytime and nighttime are about 450’ (137m) or about 7 seconds away from the warning signs, 4) the first look distances expressed as percentages of the maximum warning sign sight distances appear to be slightly larger for the nighttime condition than for the daytime condition (nighttime average 83%, daytime a...
A Medieval Scholasticus and Renaissance Choirmaster: A Portrait of John Hothby at Lucca*

John Hothby's career as cathedral choirmaster at Lucca is one of the longest, best documented, and most exceptional of any Northern musician active in fifteenth-century Italy. As director of the cathedral school and choir, this Englishman embodied two models of music master: a scholastic trained in the old Trivium and Quadrivium, and a professional maestro di cappella. Fulfilling this double role was but one way in which Hothby differed from his fellow oltremontani by ingratiating himself with his Lucchese patrons, colleagues, and citizens at large. Another was the integration into his curriculum of older pedagogies of local and regional origin, ones designed to appeal to his Italian students. The most important example of such appropriation were the laude that formed a basis for his students’ exercises in two-voice mensural counterpoint. The latter appear in I-Lc, Enti religiosi soppressi, 3086, one of only two examples of student work to survive from before 1500. These newly discovered exercises thus il...
Coverage dependent adsorption properties of atomic adsorbates on late transition metal surfaces

Transition metal surfaces commonly play a role as catalysts in industrial processes. The reactions catalyzed by the metals occur on the metal surface, typically requiring the adsorption of at least one of the reactive species, with the products often forming on the surface as well. The overall rate ...
Cognitive function in HIV-1-infected drug users.

Loss of cognitive ability, the most common neuropsychological complication in HIV-1 disease, may influence compliance with treatment and has been associated with decreased functional capacity, as well as an increased risk of mortality. In HIV-1-infected drug users, cognitive impairment affecting attention, memory, planning of complex tasks, information processing, and motor processes, has been reported, similar to findings in predominantly HIV-1-infected nondrug-using cohorts. The issue of whether early signs of cognitive dysfunction can be identified in asymptomatic HIV-1-infected drug users remains controversial. Evaluation of potential confounding factors, such as drug abuse, age, education, nutritional status, which may influence cognitive function, is essential for determining the dominant cause of neuropsychological abnormalities. There is evidence for a time-limited, protective effect against the development of AIDS dementia with zidovudine therapy. The potential ability of other therapies (e.g., antioxidants, B-complex vitamins) to prevent neuronal damage and protect the brain remains to be determined.
The effects of wafer to wafer defect density variations on integrated circuit defect and fault distributions

A method for modeling the variations in defect levels in circuits produced on modern integrated circuit manufacturing lines is described in this paper. The effects on defect and fault distributions are derived. A deficiency in some previous yield models is eliminated.
Impact of relative intensity noise of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers on optics-based micromachined audio and seismic sensors

The relative intensity noise of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) in the 100 mHz to 50 kHz frequency range is experimentally investigated using two representative single-mode VCSELs. Measurements in this frequency range are relevant to recently developed optical-based micromachined acoustic and accelerometer sensing structures that utilize VCSELs as the light source to form nearly monolithic 1 mm3 packages. Although this frequency regime is far lower than the gigahertz range relevant to optical communication applications for which VCSELs are primarily designed, the intensity noise is found to be low and well within the range of cancellation using basic reference detection principles.
The role of simulation in colon and rectal surgery training

Over the last decade, duty hour regulations imposed on training programs in the “modern era” of surgical training have limited trainee exposure to operations. Due to this, attaining competency based on exposure to operations alone can no longer be assumed. With combined mandated clinic coverage, call, and endoscopic requirements, time has become an even more limited resource for achievement of proficiency, much less mastery, for those pursuing a career in all surgical disciplines—especially colorectal surgery. In this gap, simulation in surgical training has found an increasing role in multiple subspecialties, including colorectal surgery, as training moves towards competency-based curricula with increased standardization. Given the current environment of surgical training, there is an increasing demand for simulators that can be used for assessment and for training. In this article, we will discuss the multitude of simulators available for surgical training, their strengths and limitations, as well as ways to incorporate their use for skills training using a staged model. In addition, as simulators are increasingly being studied, developed and incorporated into certifying examinations, we will highlight their potential future role for board certification and maintenance of skills. Overall, their use in surgical training is proving to be beneficial, and because of this, it is likely their use in surgical training will increase.
Al–Al2O3 syntactic foams—Part II: Predicting mechanical properties of metal matrix syntactic foams reinforced with ceramic spheres

Abstract A model is presented that predicts peak stress, minimum stress, average stress, densification strain, and composite density of hollow ceramic sphere-reinforced metal matrix syntactic foams (MMSFs) subjected to unconstrained compression. These mechanical properties are then used to determine the energy absorption per unit volume and energy absorption per unit mass of the MMSFs. The model is based on the mechanical and physical properties of the hollow ceramic spheres and the metal matrix, along with the volume percentage of hollow spheres in the syntactic foam. Comparison of predictions with experimental data for Al-A206 and Al-A380 matrices of various heat treatments reinforced with Al 2 O 3 spheres of various sizes, size ranges, and wall thickness to sphere diameter ratios shows good agreement.
PERI: a technique for extending delay and slew metrics to ramp inputs

Recent years have seen significant research in finding closed-form formulae for the delay of an RC circuit that improves upon the Elmore delay model. However, several of these formulae assume a step excitation, leaving it to the reader to find a suitable extension to ramp inputs. The few works that do consider ramp inputs do not present a closed-form formula that works for a wide range of possible input slews. We propose a new technique, PERI (Probability distribution function Extension for Ramp Inputs), that extends delay metrics for step inputs to the more general and realistic non-step (such as a saturated ramp) inputs. Although there has been little work done in finding good slew (which is also referred as signal transition time) metrics, we also show how one can extend a slew metric for step inputs to the non-step case. We validate the efficacy of our approach through experimental results from several hundred RC dominated nets extracted from an industry ASIC design.
Comparative Study of Defects in Semiconductors by Electrolyte Electroreflectance and Spectroscopic Ellipsometry

It is shown that, because of the electrostriction and polarization of defects by the modulating electric field, electroreflectance spectra are more affected by defects than are third-derivative spectra from ellipsometry data. The theory of electroreflectance is generalized to include these effects. Plasticity and long-range strains are shown to lead to a first-derivative line shape and polarizable defects to a second-derivative line shape. For defect-rich samples these new terms dominate the usual third-derivative line shape.