cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The moderating effects of aging and cognitive abilities on the association between work stress and negative affect.

ABSTRACTObjectives: Given that the association between work stress and negative affect can exacerbate negative health and workplace outcomes, it is important to identify the protective and risk factors that moderate this association. Socioemotional aging and cognitive abilities might influence how people utilize emotion regulation skills and engage in practical problem solving to manage their work stress. The aim of this study is to examine whether age and cognitive abilities independently and interactively moderate the association between work-related stress and negative affect.Method: A diverse working adult sample (N = 139, age 25–65, 69% of females) completed a cross-sectional survey that assessed chronic work stress, negative affect, and fluid and crystallized cognitive abilities.Results: Results from regression analyses suggested that both fluid and crystallized cognitive abilities, but not age, moderated the association between work stress and negative affect. Further, we found that crystallized co...
Simultaneous segmentation and classification of bird song using CNN

In bioacoustics, automatic animal voice detection and recognition from audio recordings is an emerging topic for animal preservation. Our research focuses on bird bioacoustics, where the goal is to segment bird syllables from the recording and predict the bird species for the syllables. Traditional methods for this task addresses the segmentation and species prediction separately, leading to propagated errors. This work presents a new approach that performs simultaneous segmentation and classification of bird species using a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) with encoder-decoder architecture. Experimental results on bird recordings show significant improvement compared to recent state-of-the-art methods for both segmentation and species classification.
Validation of Astropecten jarli Madsen, 1950 and implications for A. cingulatus Sladen, 1883 (Paxillosida: Astropectinidae).

Astropecten is a major paxillosid genus with a widely occurring presence in tropical and temperate seas. Astropecten jarli from off the west coast of Africa, in the Eastern Atlantic Region, was placed in synonymy with Astropecten cingulatus , a widespread species from the Western Atlantic Region, producing the only amphi-Atlantic Astropecten species. Examination of the holotypes of both species and other specimens of A. cingulatus and A. jarli revealed that A. jarli has a greater major radius:minor radius than A. cingulatus at all sizes, a unique adambulacral spine configuration, and different spination on the inferomarginal plates. ANCOVA indicates A. cingulatus and A. jarli have similar major radius:number of superomarginal plates at small sizes but are distinguishable by the number of superomarginal plates in large individuals. The ratio of the width of the paxillar area:width of the superomarginal plates is greater in A. jarli. Some specimens identified as A. cingulatus from the Eastern Atlantic Region do not fit the description of either A. cingulatus or A. jarli . We conclude that A. jarli is morphologically distinct from A. cingulatus and should be recognized as a valid species. Astropecten cingulatus does not have an amphi-Atlantic distribution and is limited to the Western Atlantic Region.
Prehistory of International Liquid Crystal Society, 1978–1990: A personal account

ABSTRACTA personal account of the liquid crystal community (1978–1990s) and the founding of the International Liquid Crystal Society (1987–1990) is presented. The founding process was unlike that of many other learned societies but like other historic events, it resulted from a combination of necessity and contingency.
A comparison of small-area estimation techniques to estimate selected stand attributes using LiDAR-derived auxiliary variables

One of the challenges often faced in forestry is the estimation of forest attributes for smaller areas of interest within a larger population. Small-area estimation (SAE) is a set of techniques well suited to estimation of forest attributes for small areas in which the existing sample size is small and auxiliary information is available. Selected SAE methods were compared for estimating a variety of forest attributes for small areas using ground data and light detection and ranging (LiDAR) derived auxiliary information. The small areas of interest consisted of delineated stands within a larger forested population. Four different estimation methods were compared for predicting forest density (number of trees/ha), quadratic mean diameter (cm), basal area (m2/ha), top height (m), and cubic stem volume (m3/ha). The precision and bias of the estimation methods (synthetic prediction (SP), multiple linear regression based composite prediction (CP), empirical best linear unbiased prediction (EBLUP) via Fay–Herrio...
Ultralow-voltage-drop GaN/InGaN/GaN tunnel junctions with 12% indium content

We report a combination of highly doped layers and polarization engineering that achieves highly efficient blue-transparent GaN/InGaN/GaN tunnel junctions (In content = 12%). NPN diode structures with a low voltage drop of 4.04 V at 5 kA/cm2 and a differential resistance of 6.51 × 10−5 Ωcm2 at 3 kA/cm2 were obtained. The tunnel junction design with n++-GaN (Si: 5 × 1020 cm−3)/3 nm p++-In0.12Ga0.88N (Mg: 1.5 × 1020 cm−3)/p++-GaN (Mg: 5 × 1020 cm−3) showed the best device performance. Device simulations agree well with the experimentally determined optimal design. The combination of low In composition and high doping can facilitate lower tunneling resistance for blue-transparent light-emitting diodes.
Biological HCI: Towards Integrative Interfaces Between People, Computer, and Biological Materials

Biological HCI (Bio-HCI) framework is a design framework that investigate the relationship between human, computer and biological systems by redefining biological materials as design elements. Bio-HCI focuses on three major components: biological materials, intermediate platforms, and interactions with the user. This framework is created through collaboration between biotechnologists, HCI researchers, and speculative design researchers. To examine this framework further, we present four experiments which focus on different aspects of the Bio-HCI framework. The goal of this paper is to 1) layout the framework for Bio-HCI 2) explore the applications of biological - digital interfaces 3) analyze existing technologies and identify opportunities for future research.
Abstract 3993: The BH3-only Protein Bnip3 Mediates Mitochondrial Autophagy via Recruitment of the Ubiquitin Ligase Parkin

Bnip3 is a pro-apoptotic BH3-only protein which is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death in the heart. Bnip3 has also been shown to induce autophagy in many cells. Here, we investigated whether Bnip3 induced autophagy in primary adult cardiac myocytes by utilizing adenoviral infections of cells coupled with fluorescence deconvolution microscopy. Imaging of myocytes infected with adenoviruses expressing GFP-LC3 and Bnip3 or beta-gal were used to monitor formation of autophagosomes in cells. Overexpression of Bnip3 induced rapid increase in autophagy in adult cardiac myocytes (94.0±4.1%; n=3; p
Into the Great Green Triangle

From my perch thirty meters (ninety-eight feet) in the air, I could barely see the forest floor beneath me or the sky above.
Epigenetic inactivation of miR-9 in EVI1high pediatric AML.

10537Background: EVI-1 hyper expression seen in 25% of pediatric AML patients is associated with an inferior prognosis. The role of EVI1-induced aberrant methylation in AML is elusive. Oncogenic ro...
Enhanced Recovery in Abdominal Hernia Repair

While there is no question that operative technique is important in achieving good patient outcomes, increasing evidence suggests that a coordinated and systematic approach to pre-operative patient preparation, intra-operative management, and post-operative care may be an even more critical contributor. Collectively, this approach has come to be known as “Enhanced Recovery After Surgery,” or ERAS, and represents a multidisciplinary approach to patient selection, pre-operative nutrition and optimization, intra-operative fluid management, advanced pain control, and early diet and mobilization. Originated and best studied in colorectal surgery, ERAS protocols have been shown to reduce length of stay, reduce the rates of post-operative complications by up to 40%, and significantly reduce costs. In fact, by one estimate, every dollar spent in implementation of ERAS protocols results in a $3.8 savings. ERAS protocols are now being adapted and extended to other types of surgery including bariatric, hepatobiliary, gynecologic, and recently to hernia surgery.
Pre-occupied spaces: remapping Italy’s transnational migrations and colonial legacies

In Pre-Occupied Spaces, Teresa Fiore connects Italy’s emigration past and immigration present together with its colonial legacy to offer her readers a highly innovative conceptualization of Italian...
Assembling nanoscale quantum photonic devices (Conference Presentation)

Plasmonic nanostructures made of novel low-loss plasmonic materials are emerging as prime components for single-photon sources and nanoscale sensors with unique properties. Plasmon-enhanced single-photon emitters possess the advantages of GHz photon production rates, nanoscale footprint, room-temperature operation and strong tolerance to the cavity resonance frequency shifts. We present several realizations of quantum emitters coupled to plasmonic nanoantennas made of crystalline silver, using both random and deterministic assembly methods, focusing on single-photon production and the optical readout of single electronic spin states.
238 EFFECT OF RESIDENT MANPOWER ON WORK ROUNDING FREQUENCY.

Work rounds are considered a valuable educational facet of residency training. Developing predefined outcome measures for gauging the educational impact of work rounds may be an important step in clarifying their importance and/or optimizing their use. A potential way to assess the educational role of work rounds in a training program may be to link specific outcome measures to the occurrence of daily work rounding sessions. Thus, by changing the frequency of work rounds, their impact on specific outcomes may be determined. To initiate these studies, we investigated a method for increasing work rounding frequency and theorized that increasing the number of residents per ward team may result in an increase in the number of weekly work rounding sessions. These data indicate that adding a second upper-level resident to traditional ward teams results in an increase in the frequency of work rounds. Methods The effect of the number of residents per team on work rounding frequency was determined by comparing the number work rounds per week between traditional ward teams (one upper-level resident and two interns) and resident-enhanced teams (two upper-level residents and two interns). Traditional ward teams were used exclusively from July 1, 2004, through June 30, 2005 (Trad-pre) and from January 1, 2006, through March 31, 2006 (Trad-post). Resident-enhanced teams (ResEn) were used and studied from July 1, 2005, through November 30, 2005. The frequency of work rounds was determined for the Trad-pre period by surveying residents in the program in June 2005. Work rounding frequency for ResEn and Trad-post was assessed by surveying the members of all ward teams at the conclusion of each monthly rotation. The mean number of work rounding sessions per week for each survey period was compared using one-way ANOVA. Results A total of 74 surveys were received as follows: Trad-pre = 21, ResEn = 40 (July-November), and Trad-post = 14. The number of work rounding sessions per week for Trad-pre, ResEn, and Trad-post were 2.9 ± 0.2 (mean ± SEM), 3.9 ± 0.2, and 2.8 ± 0.3, respectively (p Conclusion Increasing upper-level resident manpower on inpatient ward teams may be a way to increase the frequency of work rounds. Correlating this approach to appropriate outcome measures may further define its educational value.
van der Waals Correction to the Physisorption of Graphene on Metal Surfaces

Adsorption is a scientifically and technologically important interfacial phenomenon, which however presents challenges to conventional density functional theory (DFT) due to the long-range van der Waals (vdW) interactions. We have developed a model of long-range vdW correction for physisorption of graphene (G) on metals with the Lifshitz–Zaremba–Kohn second-order perturbation theory, by incorporating dipole- and quadrupole-surface interactions and screening effects. The physisorption energies calculated by the model between graphene and eight metal surfaces (Al, Ni, Co, Pd, Pt, Cu, Ag, and Au), and the adsorption energies for the same G/metal structures from self-consistent DFT PBE (Perdew–Burke–Ernzerhof) calculations, are obtained in a range of distances between G and the metal surfaces. The sum of these two parts is the total adsorption energy as a function of the distance, from which the equilibrium distance and the binding energy are determined simultaneously. The results show high accuracy, with the...
Teaching with Film: A Research Study of Secondary Social Studies Teachers Use of Film

Showing a film is common practice in most classrooms. However, how are secondary social studies teachers using film in the classroom? This article attempts to answer the question postulated above. Therefore, the major purpose of this study is to examine how teachers use film to teach social studies. Using a survey research method, two hundred forty eight secondary social studies teachers from across the United States completed a twenty question likert-style survey regarding how they use film in the secondary social studies classroom. Provisional conclusions are reached and discussed.
Quasi-Atomic Bond Analyses in the Sixth Period: I. Relativistic Accurate Atomic Minimal Basis Sets for the Elements Cesium to Radon

Full-valence relativistic accurate atomic minimal basis set (AAMBS) orbitals are developed for the sixth-row elements from cesium to radon, including the lanthanides. Saturated primitive atomic bas...
Targeted broad-based genetic testing by next-generation sequencing informs diagnosis and facilitates management in patients with kidney diseases.

Background The clinical diagnosis of genetic renal diseases may be limited by the overlapping spectrum of manifestations between diseases or by the advancement of disease where clues to the original process are absent. The objective of this study was to determine whether genetic testing informs diagnosis and facilitates management of kidney disease patients. Methods We developed a comprehensive genetic testing panel (KidneySeq) to evaluate patients with various phenotypes including cystic diseases, congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT), tubulointerstitial diseases, transport disorders and glomerular diseases. We evaluated this panel in 127 consecutive patients ranging in age from newborns to 81 years who had samples sent in for genetic testing. Results The performance of the sequencing pipeline for single-nucleotide variants was validated using CEPH (Centre de'Etude du Polymorphism) controls and for indels using Genome-in-a-Bottle. To test the reliability of the copy number variant (CNV) analysis, positive samples were re-sequenced and analyzed. For patient samples, a multidisciplinary review board interpreted genetic results in the context of clinical data. A genetic diagnosis was made in 54 (43%) patients and ranged from 54% for CAKUT, 53% for ciliopathies/tubulointerstitial diseases, 45% for transport disorders to 33% for glomerulopathies. Pathogenic and likely pathogenic variants included 46% missense, 11% nonsense, 6% splice site variants, 23% insertion-deletions and 14% CNVs. In 13 cases, the genetic result changed the clinical diagnosis. Conclusion Broad genetic testing should be considered in the evaluation of renal patients as it complements other tests and provides insight into the underlying disease and its management.
Laparoscopic Central Pancreatectomy

This chapter discusses technical aspects of laparoscopic central pancreatectomy, including instrumentation and equipment, patient positioning and trocar placement, and surgical steps. The authors also offer pearls and pitfalls.
Discovery and characterization of a novel family of prokaryotic nanocompartments involved in sulfur metabolism

Abstract Prokaryotic nanocompartments, also known as encapsulins, are a recently discovered proteinaceous organelle in prokaryotes that compartmentalize cargo enzymes. While initial studies have begun to elucidate the structure and physiological roles of encapsulins, bioinformatic evidence suggests that a great diversity of encapsulin nanocompartments remains unexplored. Here, we describe a novel encapsulin in the freshwater cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942. This nanocompartment is upregulated upon sulfate starvation and encapsulates a cysteine desulfurase enzyme via an N-terminal targeting sequence. Using cryoelectron microscopy, we have determined the structure of the nanocompartment complex to 2.2 A resolution. Lastly, biochemical characterization of the complex demonstrated that the activity of the cysteine desulfurase is enhanced upon encapsulation. Taken together, our discovery, structural analysis, and enzymatic characterization of this prokaryotic nanocompartment provide a foundation for future studies seeking to understand the physiological role of this encapsulin in various bacteria.
Abstract WP315: Neuroprotective Effects of Endogenous Adropin in Experimental Ischemic Stroke

Adropin is an endogenous peptide highly expressed in the brain and is encoded by the energy homeostasis-associated gene, Enho. We recently found that treatment with synthetic adropin peptide reduce...
A note on the performance of bootstrap kernel density estimation with small re-sample sizes

Abstract This paper studies the unconditional limiting distribution of the maximal deviation of bootstrap kernel density estimators with re-sample sizes that are different from the sample size, n . More specifically, we study the convergence rates of such statistics when the bootstrap sample size may be orders of magnitude smaller than n . An application to big-data scenarios is given.
Stress, Dyadic Coping, and Relationship Instability During the COVID-19 Pandemic

How romantic partners respond to stress has important implications for the well-being of their relationship. In this study, we examined the effects of three types of stress on relationship instabil...
Safe Control with Neural Network Dynamic Models.

Safety is critical in autonomous robotic systems. A safe control law ensures forward invariance of a safe set (a subset in the state space). It has been extensively studied regarding how to derive a safe control law with a control-affine analytical dynamic model. However, in complex environments and tasks, it is challenging and time-consuming to obtain a principled analytical model of the system. In these situations, data-driven learning is extensively used and the learned models are encoded in neural networks. How to formally derive a safe control law with Neural Network Dynamic Models (NNDM) remains unclear due to the lack of computationally tractable methods to deal with these black-box functions. In fact, even finding the control that minimizes an objective for NNDM without any safety constraint is still challenging. In this work, we propose MIND-SIS (Mixed Integer for Neural network Dynamic model with Safety Index Synthesis), the first method to derive safe control laws for NNDM. The method includes two parts: 1) SIS: an algorithm for the offline synthesis of the safety index (also called as barrier function), which uses evolutionary methods and 2) MIND: an algorithm for online computation of the optimal and safe control signal, which solves a constrained optimization using a computationally efficient encoding of neural networks. It has been theoretically proved that MIND-SIS guarantees forward invariance and finite convergence. And it has been numerically validated that MIND-SIS achieves safe and optimal control of NNDM. From our experiments, the optimality gap is less than $10^{-8}$, and the safety constraint violation is $0$.
Contributions of the hippocampus to feedback learning

Humans learn about the world in a variety of manners, including by observation, by associating cues in the environment, and via feedback. Across species, two brain structures have been predominantly involved in these learning processes: the hippocampus—supporting learning via observation and paired association—and the striatum—critical for feedback learning. This simple dichotomy, however, has recently been challenged by reports of hippocampal engagement in feedback learning, although the role of the hippocampus is not fully understood. The purpose of this experiment was to characterize the hippocampal response during feedback learning by manipulating varying levels of memory interference. Consistent with prior reports, feedback learning recruited the striatum and midbrain. Notably, feedback learning also engaged the hippocampus. The level of activity in these regions was modulated by the degree of memory interference, such that the greatest activation occurred during the highest level of memory interference. Importantly, the accuracy of information learned via feedback correlated with hippocampal activation and was reduced by the presence of high memory interference. Taken together, these findings provide evidence of hippocampal involvement in feedback learning by demonstrating both its relevance for the accuracy of information learned via feedback and its susceptibility to interference.
Building a Peaceful Nation: Julius Nyerere and the Establishment of Sovereignty in Tanzania, 1960-1964

In the early 1960s, nationalist politicians established in Tanzania a stable government in the face of external threats and internal turmoil. Paul Bjerk's volume chronicles this history and examines the politics and policies of the nation's first president, Julius Nyerere. One of the great leaders of modern Africa, Nyerere unified the diverse people who became citizens of the new nation and negotiated the tumultuous politics of the Cold War. In an era when many postcolonial countries succumbed to corrupt dictatorship or civil war, Nyerere sought principled government. Making difficult choices between democratic and autocratic rule, Nyerere creatively managed the destabilizing forces of decolonization. With extensive archival research and interviews with scores of participants in this history, Bjerk reorients our understanding of the formative years of Tanzanian independence. This study provides a new paradigm for understanding the history of the postcolonial nations that became independent in a global postwar order defined by sovereignty. Paul Bjerk is assistant professor of history at Texas Tech University.
Abstract 16684: Activation of Sirtuin 3 Protects the Heart From Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by Increased Cellular Antioxidant Defenses

Introduction: We have reported that a novel annexin-a1 biomimetic peptide (Ac-QAW) attenuates myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury by activation of sirtuin 3 (SIRT3), a major mitochondrial protein deacetylase. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Hypothesis: We tested the hypothesis that SIRT3 provides protection via attenuation of oxidative stress by upregulating/deacetylating manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD). Methods: In-vitro simulated IR: Adult rat ventricular cardiomyocytes (ARVCs, n=3) and SIRT3-deficient ARVCs (by siRNA) were exposed to 10 μM SIRT3 activator (Ac-QAW) for 1 hour, and then subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) for 2 hours. In-vivo IR: Male rats (n=5) were subjected to 2 hours of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) with 1 hour of deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA) at 18°C, and randomized to receive vehicle or Ac-QAW (2 mg/kg, iv) 1 hour before CPB and 1 hour after reperfusion. Efficacy endpoints were assessed at 24 hours post-reoxygenation (ARVC) and post-reperfusion (rat), including apoptosis (TUNEL) and necrosis (Troponin I). SIRT3 and MnSOD activation were measured by immunoprecipitation (IP), lysine deacteylation, and western blot. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) were determined by ELISA. Results: Pharmacologic activation of SIRT3 (by Ac-QAW) significantly attenuated myocardial necrosis and apoptosis (p<0.05) following surgical IR, while genetic down-regulation of SIRT3 (by siRNA) in cultured cardiomyocytes resulted in more cell death following simulated IR. The observed cardio and cytoprotective effects were associated with increased MnSOD activity by SIRT3-mediated lysine deacetylation (Fig. A and B) and decreased ROS following IR stress (Fig. C). Conclusions: Ac-QAW-dependent cardioprotective effects are in part driven by pro-survival mechanisms involving increased MnSOD-mediated antioxidant defenses by SIRT3-regulated post-translational lysine deacetylation. ![][1] [1]: /embed/graphic-1.gif
Discovery of α-folate receptor specific GARFTase inhibitors as selective antitumor agents

1309 One of the major hurdles in cancer chemotherapy is the inability of the chemotherapeutic agent to selectively target tumor cells. The over expression of the α-folate receptor (FRα) on the surface of a number of tumors including ovarian, endometrial, kidney, lung, breast and brain provides an opportunity to specifically target these tumors. This is particularly important as most normal cells do not express FRα. Agents that only utilize the FRα to gain entry into these tumors would thus be highly specific. We have recently discovered a series of pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine classical antifolates that are specifically taken up the FRα and inhibit FRα expressing tumor cells (KB and IGROV1) at nanomolar IC50 values. In addition, these analogs are not transported in normal cells via the reduced folate carrier (RFC). In situ assays with recombinant murine glycinamide ribonucleotide formyl transferase (GARFTase) inhibition afforded nanomolar IC50 values for some of the compounds and confirmed GARFTase as the target. In an attempt to optimized the chain length between the pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine and the benzoyl-L-glutamate, analogs with 3-, 4-, 5- and 6-carbon atom chains were synthesized. The analogs were synthesized from the appropriate triphenylphosphonium alkyl (3-6 carbon atoms) carboxylic acid and methyl 4-formylbenzoate followed by reduction to give the methyl carbomethoxyphenyl alkyl acids. Conversion to the corresponding α-haloketones and cyclization with 2, 6-diamino-4-oxo-pyrimidine afforded the substituted methyl pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine alkyl benzoates. Saponification followed by coupling with diethyl-L-glutamate and ester hydrolysis afforded the desired analogs. The 3- and 4- atom chain lengths were the most inhibitory to both tumor cells as well as GARFTase. To our knowledge, these analogs are unique in that some of them are potently cytotoxic to tumor cells via GARFTase inhibition, specifically target the FRα, and are not appreciably transported by the RFC.
Effect of interfacial states on open-circuit voltage

A comparative study of the effects of interfacial-state densities on the open-circuit voltages of solar cells is presented. Several different types of photodiode (n-on-p and p-on-n single-crystal silicon, GaAs homojunction, ITO/p-Si, and polycrystalline CuInSe/sub 2/) were examined. No dispersion in capacitance vs. frequency was observed in single-crystal homojunction photodiodes indicating near-zero interfacial-state densities for these devices. High efficiency (about 12%) ITO/Si showed interfacial densities at the Fermi level on the order of 10/sup 9/ eV/sup -1/ cm/sup -2/, but this number increased to 2.5*10/sup 12/ for cells with only 5% efficiency. CuInSe/sub 2/ solar cells showed zero bias interfacial-state densities in the range of 10/sup 10/-10/sup 11/ eV/sup -1/ cm/sup -2/. This number decreased by an order of magnitude in reverse bias, but it increased substantially with light intensity until saturation near 100 mW/cm/sup 2/. >
Polyhydramnios: chronic versus acute.

Abstract In a review of 86,301 consecutive deliveries at The New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center during a 20 year period (1948 to 1967), there were 358 cases of polyhydramnios for an incidence of 0.41 per cent. Associated maternal and fetal conditions were evaluated and compared to the clinical course and outcome of each pregnancy. Among the 358 cases of polyhydramnios, 122 (34 per cent) were associated with no cause (idiopathic), 88 (24.6 per cent) with diabetes, 71 (19.8 per cent) with congenital malformations, 41 (11.5 per cent) with erythroblastosis fetalis, 30 (8.4 per cent) with multiple gestations, and 6 (1.7 per cent) were classified as acute polyhydramnios. The value of prenatal diagnosis of congenital malformations for proper management and early neonatal therapy is discussed. Chronic and acute polyhydramnios are established as 2 distinctly different entities. Diagnosis and management for each condition are outlined. Two cases of acute polyhydramnios treated by multiple amniocenteses are presented.
An ion implanted In/sub 0.53/Ga/sub 0.47/As HFET for optoelectronic integration

The fabrication process and device performance of an ion implanted In/sub 0.53/Ga/sub 0.47/As HFET in an optimized MSM photodetector layer structure is presented. A Si(29) ion implantation with a dose of 3/spl times/10/sup 12/ cm/sup -2/ and an energy of 90 KeV is used to create the conducting channel of the In/sub 0.53/Ga/sub 0.47/As HFET. The 1.5 /spl mu/m ion implanted In/sub 0.53/Ga/sub 0.47/As HFET exhibits a maximum extrinsic transconductance (g/sub m/) of 180 mS/mm, a cut-off frequency (f/sub T/) of 15 GHz, and a maximum frequency of oscillation (f/sub max/) of 80 GHz. The performance of the ion implanted In/sub 0.53/Ga/sub 0.47/As HFET is comparable with that of the In/sub 0.53/Ga/sub 0.47/As HFET with an MBE grown conducting channel. The reported device performance and fabrication process show that integration of an ion implanted In/sub 0.53/Ga/sub 0.47/As HFET front-end amplifier and an In/sub 0.53/Ga/sub 0.47/As MSM photodetector is promising for high-performance and low-cost long wavelength optical receivers.
Its Hour Come Round at Last? State Sovereign Immunity and the Great State Debt Crisis of the Twenty-First Century

State sovereign immunity is a sort of constitutional comet, streaking across the sky once a century to the amazement and consternation of legal commentators. The comet’s appearance has usually coincided with major state debt crises: The Revolutionary War debts brought us Chisholm v. Georgia and the Eleventh Amendment, and the Reconstruction debts brought us Hans v. Louisiana and the Amendment’s extension to federal question cases. This essay argues that much of our law of state sovereign immunity, including its odd fictions and otherwise-incongruous exceptions, can be understood as an effort to maintain immunity’s core purpose — protecting the states from potentially crippling financial liability on their debts — while at the same time maintaining courts’ power to enforce individual rights in cases where the states’ financial viability is not at stake. The comet’s most recent appearance — the Rehnquist Court’s significant expansion of state sovereign immunity in the 1990s in cases like Seminole Tribe v. Florida — fit the historic once-a-century timetable, but it lacked a bona fide state debt crisis. I suggest that this absence may have induced both the Court to forget the legitimate core purpose of state sovereign immunity, with two deleterious effects: First, the Court’s need to rest on more ephemeral justifications, such as state dignity, left the doctrine open to widespread criticism. And second, these broader rationales led the Court to extend state immunity in ways that threatened the traditional doctrine’s concern to preserve judicial authority to enforce individual rights.The Rehnquist Court may simply have been fifteen years too early, however. Now we have a real state debt crisis, and I speculate that that crisis may both remind constitutional lawyers of state immunity’s legitimate role and — hopefully — redirect immunity doctrine into more traditional and appropriate channels.
Patients' and Family Caregivers' Goals for Care During Transitions Out of the Hospital

The aims of this study were to (a) describe the nature of patients' goals upon discharge from hospital, family caregivers' goals for their loved ones, and family caregivers' goals for themselves; (b) determine the degree of concordance with respect to the three elicited goals; (c) ascertain goal attainment across the three elicited goals; and (d) examine factors predictive of goal attainment. Our findings support the position that eliciting patient and family caregiver goals and promoting goal attainment may represent an important step toward promoting greater patient and family caregiver engagement in their care.
MK-801, a proposed noncompetitive antagonist of excitatory amino acid neurotransmission, produces phencyclidine-like behavioral effects in pigeons, rats and rhesus monkeys.

The behavioral effects of MK-801 [(+)-5-methyl-10,11-dihydroxy-5H-dibenzo(a,d)cyclohepten-5,10-imin e], a proposed noncompetitive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonist, were compared to those of phencyclidine (PCP). In pigeons, MK-801 produced PCP-like catalepsy (i.e., loss of righting without eye closure and without muscle relaxation) and PCP-like discriminative stimulus effects. In rats, MK-801 produced PCP-like behavior (i.e., locomotion, sniffing, swaying and falling). In rhesus monkeys, like PCP, MK-801 produced 1) ketamine-like discriminative stimulus effects, 2) positive reinforcing effects and 3) ketamine-like anesthetic effects (i.e., anesthesia without eye closure and without respiratory depression, but with profuse salivation and with some muscle relaxation). Thus, MK-801 produced PCP-like behavioral effects in each species and with each procedure. MK-801 was 2 to 10 times more potent than PCP, depending on the effect measured and the species tested. Because MK-801 has been shown to have NMDA-antagonist properties, the findings of this study offer further support for the hypothesis that certain behavioral effects of PCP-like drugs may result from a reduction of neurotransmission at excitatory synapses utilizing NMDA-preferring receptors. The behavioral similarities between MK-801 and PCP make it relevant to evaluate PCP-like activity in clinical trials of MK-801.
Induction of swine major histocompatibility complex class I molecules on porcine endothelium by tumor necrosis factor-alpha reduces lysis by human natural killer cells.

Background. Natural killer (NK) cells have been implicated in a process of delayed xenograft rejection occurring in pig-to-primate organ transplants. As tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) induces expression of both adhesion receptors and major histocompatibility complex class I molecules on porcine endothelium, we investigated the effects of TNF-α on human NK cell adherence to and cytotoxicity of porcine aortic endothelial cell (PAEC) monolayers. Methods. Adherence of human NK cells was measured after PAEC treatment with increasing concentrations of TNF-α. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against adhesion molecules on NK cells and PAEC were used in inhibition studies. Resting or TNF-α-treated PAEC were used as targets for NK lysis. Increasing titers of anti-swine leukocyte antigen (SLA) class I antibodies or pooled human immune globulin (IVIg) were used to reverse the effects of TNF-α on NK lysis. Results. NK cell adhesion to TNF-α-treated PAEC increased in a dose-dependent manner by a maximum of 44%, and was inhibited by mAbs against CD49d, CD11a, CD11b, CD18, and CD2, as well as porcine vascular cell adhesion molecules. In contrast, TNF-α treatment of PAEC reduced human NK lysis in a dose-dependent manner. Preincubation of TNF-α-treated PAEC with increasing concentrations of anti-SLA class I mAb increased NK lysis in a titer-dependent manner, and reversed the protective effect on human NK lysis by 77%. Treatment with IVIg, containing antibodies against an α-helical region of HLA class I molecules, had a similar effect. Conclusions. These results imply that SLA class I molecules can bind to inhibitory receptors on human NK cells, and that these interactions can be augmented by increasing the level of SLA class I molecule expression on porcine endothelium. Strategies that can increase porcine endothelial cell expression of either swine or human major histocompatibility complex class I molecules may reduce human NK activity against porcine xenografts.
Preoperative Localization Strategies for Primary Hyperparathyroidism: An Economic Analysis

Background Strategies for localizing parathyroid pathology preoperatively vary in cost and accuracy. Our purpose was to compute and compare comprehensive costs associated with common localization strategies.
Dielectric Waveguide Phase Shifter

Using ferrite waveguide toroids and dielectric ribs (epsilon/sub r/ = 50), we have demonstrated that a dielectric waveguide (no metal walls) phase shifter (Delta Phi = 600°) can propagate with reasonable insertion loss (/spl ap/3 dB) and modest cross coupling (/spl ap/ 15 dB). With brass inserts, the cross coupling can be further reduced (> 20 dB) with some sacrifice of insertion loss and phase shift. The use of dielectric waveguide phase shifters should allow simpler, lower-cost phased arrays in the conventional frequency range (3 to 20 GHz). At millimeter wave frequencies there is the possibility of making a column of phase shifters from slabs of ferrite and dielectric using flat-grinding and cutting techniques.
Densities and mass motions in transition-zone plasmas in solar flares observed from Skylab

We studied the EUV line spectra of three flare observed with the NRL slit spectrograph on Skylab. The electron densities in the flare transition-zone plasmas are determined from density-sensitive lines of Si iii and O iv. The electron densities in all three flares studied were greatest during the flare maximum with values of the order of 1012 cm−3. The density decreases by a factor of 2 to 3 in the decay phase of the flares. The intensities of EUV lines from the flare chromospheric and transition-zone plasmas all are greatly enhanced. In contrast to lines for Oi, Ci, Feii and other chromospheric ions, the lines of Oiv and Nv and other transition-zone lines are not only enhanced but also very much broadened.
Comprehensive assessment of 1-year outcomes and determination of minimum clinically important difference in pain, disability, and quality of life after suboccipital decompression for Chiari malformation I in adults.

BACKGROUND To date, there has been no study to comprehensively assess the effectiveness of suboccipital craniectomy (SOC) for Chiari malformation I (CMI) using validated patient-reported outcome measures. OBJECTIVE To determine the effectiveness and minimum clinically important difference thresholds of SOC for the treatment of adult patients with CMI using patient-reported outcome metrics. METHODS Fifty patients undergoing first-time SOC and C1 laminectomy for CMI at a single institution were followed up for 1 year. Baseline and 1-year postoperative pain, disability, quality of life, patient satisfaction, and return to work were assessed. Minimum clinically important difference thresholds were calculated with 2 anchors: the Health Transition Index and North American Spine Society satisfaction questionnaire. RESULTS The severity of headaches improved in 37 patients (74%). Improvement in syrinx size was seen in 12 patients (63%) and myelopathy in 12 patients (60%). All patient-reported outcomes showed significant improvement 1 year postoperatively (P < .05). Of the 38 patients (76%) employed preoperatively, 29 (76%) returned to work postoperatively at a median time of 6 weeks (interquartile range, 4-12 weeks). Minimum clinically important difference thresholds after SOC for CMI were 4.4 points for numeric rating scale for headache, 0.7 points for numeric rating scale for neck pain, 13.8 percentage points for Headache Disability Index, 14.2 percentage points for Neck Disability Index, 7.0 points for Short Form-12 Physical Component Summary, 6.1 points for Short Form-12 Mental Component Summary, 4.5 points for Zung depression, 1.7 points for modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association, and 0.34 quality-adjusted life-years for Euro-Qol-5D. CONCLUSION Surgical management of CMI in adults via SOC provides significant and sustained improvement in pain, disability, general health, and quality of life as assessed by patient-reported outcomes. This patient-centered assessment suggests that suboccipital decompression for CMI in adults is an effective treatment strategy.
Erythropoietin as a neuroprotective agent in traumatic brain injury Review.

Abstract Background In the United States, TBI remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in children and young adults. A total of 1.5 million Americans experience head trauma every year, and the yearly economic cost of this exceeds $56 billion. The magnitude of this problem has generated a great deal of interest in elucidating the complex molecular mechanism underlying cell death and dysfunction after TBI and in the development of neuroprotective agents that will reduce morbidity and mortality. Methods A review of recent literature on EPO, TBI, and apoptosis is conducted with analysis of pathophysiologic mechanisms of TBI. In addition, animal experiments and clinical trials pertaining to mechanisms of cell death in TBI and EPO as a neuroprotective agent are reviewed. Conclusion The literature and evidence for EPO as a potent inhibitor of apoptosis and promising therapeutic agent in a variety of neurological insults, including trauma, are mounting. With the recent interest in clinical trials of EPO in human stroke, it is both timely and prudent to consider the use of this pharmaceutical avenue in TBI in man.
Effect of asymmetric gravity jitter excited slosh waves at liquid-vapor interface under microgravity

The dynamical behavior of fluids affected by the asymmetric gravity jitter oscillations, in particular the effect of surface tension on partially-filled rotating fluids (cryogenic liquid helium and helium vapor) in a sub-scale Gravity Probe-B Spacecraft propellant dewar tank imposed by time-dependent various directions of background gravity environment have been investigated. Results show that lower frequency gravity jitter imposed on the time-dependent variations of the direction of background gravity induced a greater amplitude of oscillations and a stronger degree of asymmetry in liquid-vapor interface geometry than that made by the higher frequency gravity jitter. Furthermore, the greater the components of background gravity in radial and circumferential directions will provide a greater contribution in driving more to the increasing amplitude and degrees of symmetry of liquid-vapor interface profiles which, in turn, modify the disturbance of moment of inertia and angular momentum of spacecraft.
The supreme court and the fourth amendment: When a conservative court's decisions are viewed as being a lapdog for law enforcement and rubber stamping virtually any and all law enforcement practices

This paper is a rejoinder to Craig Hemmens’ article “The Supreme Court: Lapdog of Law Enforcement Or Principled Expounder of Constitutional Protections?” Professor Hemmens claims that the “Supreme Court's discussion of the protections embodied in the Fourth Amendment is little more than a smoke screen for its true agenda: to justify virtually any and all law enforcement practices regardless of the cost to individual liberties.” It is my contention that whether one views the Supreme Court decisions individually or collectively, they do not support Professor Hemmens’ position. There are so many cases in which the Supreme Court has ruled against law enforcement interests and supported privacy interests that one cannot reasonably conclude that the Supreme Court's Fourth Amendment agenda is to support virtually any and all law enforcement practices regardless of the costs to individual liberties.
Kondo lattice and the formation of a heavy-fermion state

We develop a new theoretical model for the Kondo lattice. We find that the Kondo lattice is qualitatively different from a collection of independent impurities: The ground state is characterized by coherence in the effective hybridization matrix. The low-temperature excitations are heavy fermions. The interactions between heavy fermions mediated by fluctuations around the mean-field solution are weak but can be long ranged in the Kondo regime. As a result, the Kondo lattice is prone to instabilities which we discuss in the context of recent experiments.
In situ geochronology as a mission-enabling technology

Although there are excellent estimates of ages of terrains on Mars from crater counting, even a few absolute ages would serve to validate the calibration. Results with uncertainties, although much larger than those that could be achieved in labs on Earth, would be extremely valuable. While there are other possibilities for in situ geochronology instruments, we describe here two alternative technologies, being developed in JPL. There are two common features of both. The first is analysis by means of miniature mass spectrometer. The second is use of laser sampling to reduce or avoid sample handling, preparation and pre-treatment and equally importantly, to allow analysis of individual, texturally resolved minerals in coarse-grained rocks. This textural resolution will aid in selection of grains more or less enriched in the relevant elements and allow construction of isochrons for more precise dating. Either of these instruments could enable missions to Mars and other planetary bodies.
Regularization of fermion loops in gauge models

Fermion loops in gauge models with ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{5}$ couplings cannot be regularized in a gauge-invariant manner either by the method of auxiliary fields or by dimensional continuation. It is shown that in the absence of a gauge-invariant regularization procedure, the method of auxiliary fields can be employed in such a way that non-gauge-invariance is confined to the renormalization constants. It is thus possible to obtain gauge-invariant renormalized results as well as resolve anomalies without the use of Ward's identities. Explicit calculations are carried out for the self-energy and triangle diagrams with fermion loops in the Appelquist-Quinn model. The present treatment is also compared with naive dimensional regularization for the ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{5}$ couplings.