cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Performance expectancy as a determinant of actual performance: failure to replicate.

This study replicared part of a study by Aronson and Carlsmith and added two groups under different instructions. Aronson and Carlsmith reported findings which demonstrated a relationship between expectancy and performance and which were consistent with predictions from dissonance theory. Their data supported the prediction that Ss would sabotage their own good performance in order to reduce cognitive dissonance. The present results for replicated and changed instructional groups were inconsistent with Aronson and Carlsmith's results. It was concluded that the design used to test the hypothesis is much too cumbersome.
Friction Stir Processing (FSP) of Cast Metals: Processing - Microstructure - Property Relationships

FSP is an allied technology of friction stir welding (FSW). These processes are reviewed and the additional considerations such as processing pattern and step over distance in FSP are introduced. The application of FSP to cast metals including AA5083, Al-7Si and NiAl bronze is summarized. As-cast microstructures may be converted to a wrought condition in the absence of external shape change and the extent of grain refinement and homogenization of microstructure is documented. The FSP-induced superplastic response of AA5083, enhanced ductility of Al-7Si and surface hardening of NiAl bronze are summarized as examples of properties developed by FSP.
Mechanical Behavior of a Ceramic Sandwich Composite System

The mechanical behavior of a ceramic sandwich composite system was in vestigated. The system was comprised of a low density, cellular Al2O3 core, bonded to dense Al2O3 faceplates. Tensile faceplate stresses during flexure were determined for a va riety of face thicknesses and core densities using a strain gage technique. For most com posites, the data agreed well with simple sandwich theory. For composites with relatively thick faces and low modulus cores, however, localized bending caused higher than ex pected face stresses beneath the load point. These stresses were predicted using a refined model. The strain gage data were also used to measure sandwich stiffness, which were well predicted by conventional sandwich theory when localized face bending was not prevalent. The structures were linear elastic to failure, though the failure was noncata strophic. For the sandwich geometries studied, failure initiated exclusively in the core.
Fame, Fortune, and Failure Young Girls' Moral Language Surrounding Popular Culture

This research explores young girls' moral language about popular music. This work is interdisciplinary and draws theoretically from communication, cultural studies, and feminist developmental psych...
Urinary fistula between the bladder and lower extremity following Burch urethropexy.

A 73-year-old woman presented elsewhere with right thigh pain, weakness and lower extremity edema 2 weeks after Burch urethropexy. Medical history was significant for urinary incontinence, colon cancer treated with surgery and external beam radiotherapy, and noninsulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Physical examination revealed a fever (101.7F), suprapubic tenderness and bilateral thigh edema greater on the right side than on the left side. Lower extremity sensation was intact with limitation of motion of the right hip due to severe pain. Relevant laboratory evaluations were significant for leukocytosis (19, 600/ml., 6% bands). Noncontrast computerized tomography (CT) of the abdomen, pelvis and lower extremity showed extensive fasciitis and myositis involving the adductor magnus bilaterally and the right vastus intermedius and lateralis. The patient subsequently underwent right thigh fasciotomy without resolution of symptoms. Bone scan was negative for osteitis pubis. Cystography demonstrated a fistula between the floor of the bladder and fascial planes overlying the pubic symphysis, extending into the thighs. The patient was referred to us for treatment. Repeat cystogram demonstrated urinary extravasation into both lower extremities (fig. 1). CT of the pelvis and lower extremities showed improving fasciitis with a urinary fistula between the bladder and both thighs in continuity with the fasciotomy incision (fig. 2). Cystoscopy demonstrated an area of bullous edema on the anterior bladder wall. No foreign body was seen. Review of the original operative report of the urethropexy revealed chromic suture placement through the bladder wall laterally and anteriorly. Intravenous antibiotics and nutritional supplementation were initiated. An indwelling Foley catheter was left in place for 1 month while the patient underwent hyperbaric oxygen therapy (20 treatments). Repeat cystogram after completion of hyperbaric oxygen therapy revealed no leakage.
Highly selective SERS probe for Hg(II) detection using tryptophan-protected popcorn shaped gold nanoparticles

Contamination of the environment with toxic Hg(II) is becoming a huge concern throughout the world now. Driven by the need, this communication reports for the first time a tryptophan protected popcorn shaped gold nanomaterials based SERS probe for rapid, easy and highly selective recognition of Hg(II) ions in the 5 ppb level from aqueous solution, with high sensitivity and selectivity over competing analytes. We demonstrate that our SERS assay is capable of measuring the amount of Hg(II) in alkaline battery.
The Neural Substrates of In-Group Bias: A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Investigation

Classic minimal-group studies found that people arbitrarily assigned to a novel group quickly display a range of perceptual, affective, and behavioral in-group biases. We randomly assigned participants to a mixed-race team and used functional magnetic resonance imaging to identify brain regions involved in processing novel in-group and out-group members independently of preexisting attitudes, stereotypes, or familiarity. Whereas previous research on intergroup perception found amygdala activity—typically interpreted as negativity—in response to stigmatized social groups, we found greater activity in the amygdala, fusiform gyri, orbitofrontal cortex, and dorsal striatum when participants viewed novel in-group faces than when they viewed novel out-group faces. Moreover, activity in orbitofrontal cortex mediated the in-group bias in self-reported liking for the faces. These in-group biases in neural activity were not moderated by race or by whether participants explicitly attended to team membership or race,...
Practical production testing of ISDN circuit boards

Integrated-services digital network (ISDN) circuit board fault mechanisms, ISDN device attributes, and test equipment requirements are examined. ISDNs required a high level of integration which causes an increase in digital/analog VLSI faults and perfect board faults (faults in the S-bus interface and voice interface clusters). These faults can be detected by supplementing the in-circuit test with cluster specification or edge connector specification tests. These specification tests can be broken into three categories: digital VLSI tests; S-bus cluster tests; and voice cluster tests. The author discusses the testing challenges that are unique to ISDN circuit boards. The discussion takes into account previous studies of test effectiveness, classical testing theory, and real-world ISDN testing experience. >
Can patient centered outcomes research improve healthcare

We believe it can; now we should put it to the test The Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Trust Fund (PCORTF) was established in 2009 to support research that is funded, designed, carried out, and put into practice within a culture of patient centeredness.1 A legislatively mandated review in 2017 of the “adequacy and use of funding” will be used to determine whether PCORTF funding levels should be continued or adjusted after its authorization runs out in autumn 2019. As 2017 approaches, researchers ought to begin taking stock of our work in patient centered outcomes research: how well are we are doing and what might we do better? In the linked paper (doi:10.1136/bmj.h3786), Xian and colleagues present a solid example of how to refocus research on questions, outcomes, and approaches that could help patients and clinicians to make better healthcare decisions. The team studied prescribing of warfarin for patients with ischemic stroke who were discharged from hospital between 2009 and 2011 with persistent or paroxysmal atrial fibrillation or flutter.2 This study was funded by the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI) in 2013. This team’s preliminary work with patients resulted in prioritization …
Engineering and Innovation: An Immersive Start-up Experience

The paper mentions that the Engineering Entrepreneurs Program has been helping engineering students become entrepreneurs. What began as informal student meetings has grown to a three-course sequence with graduates who have pioneered successful companies. Assessments show a positive correlation between program participation and entrepreneurial action.
Population of Endogenous Pararetrovirus Genomes in Carrizo Citrange

The complete genome sequences of three related endogenous pararetroviruses (EPRVs) were obtained by 454 sequencing of nucleic acid extracts from Carrizo citrange, used as a citrus rootstock. Numerous homologous sequences have been found in the sweet orange genome. The new EPRVs are most closely related to petunia vein-clearing virus.
Dietary Arginine Supplementation Enhances the Growth of Milk-Fed Young Pigs

This study was conducted to determine the effect of dietary arginine supplementation on the growth of artificially reared piglets. The pigs (n = 24; 7 d old) were removed from sows to a nursery facility and assigned randomly to 1 of the 3 treatments representing diets supplemented with 0, 0.2, or 0.4% L-arginine (on the basis of milk replacer powder). Each milk feeder was assigned to 1 dietary treatment. Fresh liquid milk replacer (18.6% dry matter) was provided daily ( approximately 0800 h) to piglets. Body weights of piglets were measured and jugular venous blood samples were obtained for metabolite analysis at d 7, 14, and 21 of age. Food intake did not differ between control and arginine-supplemented piglets [66.7 vs. 69.5 g dry matter/(kg body wt. d)]. Compared with control piglets, dietary supplementation with 0.2 and 0.4% L-arginine dose dependently increased (P < 0.05) plasma concentrations of arginine by 30 and 61%, and decreased (P < 0.05) plasma concentrations of ammonia by 20 and 35%, and those of urea by 19 and 33%, respectively. Dietary supplementation with 0.4% L-arginine also increased (P < 0.05) plasma concentrations of insulin and growth hormone by 24-27% in piglets, compared with controls. Between 7 and 21 d of age, the supplementation of 0.2 and 0.4% L-arginine to piglets enhanced (P < 0.05) average daily weight gain by 28 and 66%, and body weight by 15 and 32%, respectively, compared with control piglets. Collectively, both the metabolic and growth data demonstrate unequivocally that arginine is deficient in milk-fed young pigs and that this arginine deficiency represents a major obstacle to maximal growth in piglets.
PET imaging reveals distinctive roles for different regional adipose tissue depots in systemic glucose metabolism in nonobese humans

Excess amounts of abdominal subcutaneous (SAT) and visceral (VAT) adipose tissue (AT) are associated with insulin resistance, even in normal-weight subjects. In contrast, gluteal-femoral AT (GFAT) is hypothesized to offer protection against insulin resistance. Dynamic PET imaging studies were undertaken to examine the contributions of both metabolic activity and size (volume) of these depots in systemic glucose metabolism. Nonobese, healthy volunteers (n = 15) underwent dynamic PET imaging uptake of [¹⁸F]FDG at a steady-state (20 mU·m⁻²·min⁻¹) insulin infusion. PET images of tissue [¹⁸F]FDG activity were coregistered with MRI to derive K values for insulin-stimulated rates of fractional glucose uptake within tissue. Adipose tissue volume was calculated from DEXA and MRI. VAT had significantly higher rates of fractional glucose uptake per volume than SAT (P < 0.05) or GFAT (P < 0.01). K(GFAT) correlated positively (r = 0.67, P < 0.01) with systemic insulin sensitivity [glucose disappearance rate (R(d))] and negatively with insulin-suppressed FFA (r = -0.71, P < 0.01). SAT (r = -0.70, P < 0.01) and VAT mass (r = -0.55, P < 0.05) correlated negatively with R(d), but GFAT mass did not. We conclude that rates of fractional glucose uptake within GFAT and VAT are significantly and positively associated with systemic insulin sensitivity in nonobese subjects. Furthermore, whereas SAT and VAT amounts are confirmed to relate to systemic insulin resistance, GFAT amount is not associated with insulin resistance. These dynamic PET imaging studies indicate that both quantity and quality of specific AT depots have distinct roles in systemic insulin resistance and may help explain the metabolically obese but normal-weight phenotype.
Renormalized path integral for the two-dimensional δ-function interaction

A path-integral approach for \ensuremath{\delta}-function potentials is presented. Particular attention is paid to the two-dimensional case, which illustrates the realization of a quantum anomaly for a scale-invariant problem in quantum mechanics. Our treatment is based on an infinite summation of perturbation theory that captures the nonperturbative nature of the \ensuremath{\delta}-function bound state. The well-known singular character of the two-dimensional \ensuremath{\delta}-function potential is dealt with by considering the renormalized path integral resulting from a variety of schemes: dimensional, momentum-cutoff, and real-space regularization. Moreover, compatibility of the bound-state and scattering sectors is shown.
Risk Factors for Fluconazole-Resistant Candidiasis in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Patients

In a case-control study to identify risk factors for fluconazole-resistant oroesophageal candidiasis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients, 25 patients with clinical and in vitro fluconazole-resistant candidiasis were paired with controls who had treatment-responsive candidiasis and who had been observed for similar time periods. After their first episode of candidiasis, patients who later developed fluconazole resistance had more treated episodes than did matched controls (cases, 3.1 ; controls, 1.8 ; P =.004), lower median CD4 cell counts (11/mm 3 vs. 71/mm 3 ; P =.004), and greater median durations of all antifungal therapy (419 vs. 118 days ; P <.001) and of systemic azole therapy (272 vs. 14 days ; P <.001). When paired with a second set of controls matched by CD4 cell count as well as first diagnosis of candidiasis, cases continued to show greater median exposure to azoles (272 vs. 88 days ; P =.005). These data indicate that advanced immunosuppression and exposure to oral azoles are risk factors for the development of fluconazole resistance.
False numbers as formalizing practices

It will be argued that false numbers in working documents, formulae, and business plans are used as temporary or conditional devices to enable rationalization. The social processes of creating formalized practices depend upon activities that are themselves conditional and ephemeral. That is, rather than subvert the ostensible purpose of fixed representation, false numbers make stability and fixity in representation possible. Examples used include business forecasting, property tax assessments, and the introduction of accounting into cooperative agriculture in Stalinist Hungary.
Domain III of Plasmodium falciparum apical membrane antigen 1 binds to the erythrocyte membrane protein Kx

Plasmodium falciparum apical membrane antigen 1 (AMA1) is located in the merozoite micronemes, an organelle that contains receptors for invasion, suggesting that AMA1 may play a role in this process. However, direct evidence that P. falciparum AMA1 binds to human erythrocytes is lacking. In this study, we determined that domain III of AMA1 binds to the erythrocyte membrane protein, Kx, and that the rate of invasion of Kxnull erythrocytes is reduced, indicating a significant but not unique role of AMA1 and Kx in parasite invasion of erythrocytes. Domains I/II/III, domains I/II and domain III of AMA1 were expressed on the surface of CHO-K1 cells, and their ability to bind erythrocytes was determined. We observed that each of these domains failed to bind untreated human erythrocytes. In contrast, domain III, but not the other domains of AMA1, bound to trypsin-treated human erythrocytes. We tested the binding of AMA1 to trypsin-treated genetically mutant human erythrocytes, missing various erythrocyte membrane proteins. AMA1 failed to bind trypsin-treated Kxnull (McLeod) erythrocytes, which lack the Kx protein. Furthermore, treatmentofhumanerythrocyteswithtrypsin, followed by α-chymotrypsin, cleaved Kx and destroyed the binding of AMA1 to human erythrocytes. Lastly, the rate of invasion of Kx null erythrocytes by P. falciparum was significantly lower than Kx-expressing erythrocytes. Taken together, our data suggest that AMA1 plays an important, but not exclusive, role in invasion of human erythrocytes through a process that involves exposure or modification of the erythrocyte surface protein, Kx, by a trypsin-like enzyme.
A Topological Approach to Hierarchical Segmentation using Mean Shift

Mean shift is a popular method to segment images and videos. Pixels are represented by feature points, and the segmentation is driven by the point density in feature space. In this paper, we introduce the use of Morse theory to interpret mean shift as a topological decomposition of the feature space into density modes. This allows us to build on the watershed technique and design a new algorithm to compute mean-shift segmentations of images and videos. In addition, we introduce the use of topological persistence to create a segmentation hierarchy. We validated our method by clustering images using color cues. In this context, our technique runs faster than previous work, especially on videos and large images. We evaluated accuracy with a classical benchmark which shows results on par with existing low-level techniques, i.e. we do not sacrifice accuracy for speed.
Efficient Link Scheduling for MIMO Ad Hoc Networks in Time-Varying Channels

In an ad hoc network, efficiently scheduling the optimal multi-user multiple-input multiple-output links is challenging. Specifically, optimal scheduling requires full understanding of the subspace structure of the channel matrices, but exploiting this detailed information during scheduling requires significant computational and algorithmic complexity. This paper demonstrates efficient yet effective scheduling based on link signal-to-noise ratio coupled with the average ratio of the maximum to minimum channel singular values and the channel Doppler frequency. Computational results show that this scheduling technique is able to achieve average network sum rates that approach those of the optimal link topology.
Carotid arterial stiffness as a surrogate for aortic stiffness: relationship between carotid artery pressure–strain elastic modulus and aortic pulse wave velocity

Common carotid arterial (CCA) stiffness can be assessed during carotid ultrasonography, but its association with aortic stiffness, a well-defined cardiovascular risk factor, has not been clarified. This study examines the relationship between CCA and aortic stiffness. CCA pressure–strain elastic modulus (Ep) and aortic pulse wave velocity (APWV) were evaluated in 110 healthy volunteers (age 56.2 ± 14.6 y) by B-mode and Doppler ultrasonography. CCA Ep increased linearly with age and was higher in men than in women (model r2 = 0.50, p < 0.001). APWV increased quadratically with age (model r2 = 0.54, p < 0.001), similarly for women and men. Both CCA Ep and APWV were linearly associated with systolic blood pressure (BP) (r = 0.53 and 0.46, respectively) but not with diastolic BP. A linear relationship was found between CCA Ep and APWV (APWV = 194.7 + 5.67 × Ep [model r2 = 0.42, p < 0.001]). CCA Ep was associated with APWV (p < 0.001) independent of age, gender, and BP (model r2 = 0.62, p < 0.001), and the most parsimonious model to explain APWV included CCA Ep and age (APWV = 601.73 − 15.64 × age + 0.223 × age2 + 2.69 × Ep [model r2 = 0.60, p < 0.001]). Thus, CCA Ep is moderately associated with APWV. CCA stiffness as assessed by B-mode may be useful as a surrogate for aortic stiffness.
Issues of Interface

Although online learning no longer entails the kinds of interface barriers it once did, recent research is making very clear that interactions with interfaces significantly affect other interactions in online courses. This paper reviews the current literature on online learning to see what it can tell us about the mediating effects of differing interfaces on the three kinds of interactions described by Michael Moore [1] interactions with course content, interactions with instructors, and interactions with classmates. The results point to the need for further serious research in this area.
A school counseling conference focused on the emerging Latino/a population: A model in the state of Georgia.

The state of Georgia has experienced dramatic growth in the Latino/a population during the past decade, with a third of the new Latino/a population younger than the age of 18. Consequently, school systems were not prepared for the challenges posed by a Spanish-speaking immigrant population. The authors organized an interdisciplinary conference to holistically address the issues facing school counselors in their work with the emerging Latino/a population. Implications for other states dealing with an emerging Latino/a population are discussed.
Antitermination of E. coli rRNA transcription is caused by a control region segment containing lambda nut-like sequences

We have localized the antitermination system involved in E. coli ribosomal RNA transcription and compared it with antitermination in the lamboid bacteriophages. In vivo experiments with gene-fusion plasmids were used to examine the ability of specific areas of the rrnG control region to convert an ordinary transcription complex into antitermination transcription complex. A 67 bp restriction fragment immediately following the rrnG P2 promoter decreased transcription termination about 50%. This fragment contains box A-, box B-, and box C-like sequences similar to those in lambda nut loci. It also caused transcripts from lac and hybrid trp-lac promoters to read through a transcription terminator. Translation through the 67 bp segment or reversal of its orientation resulted in complete loss of antitermination activity. We conclude that the E. coli ribosomal RNA operons possess an antitermination system similar to that used by the bacteriophage lambda.
Non-Intrusive Polynomial Chaos for the stochastic CFD study of a supersonic pressure probe

The Point-Collocation Non-Intrusive Polynomial Chaos (NIPC) method utilizing Euler CFD simulations has been applied to the stochastic analysis of a pressure probe designed for Mach number measurements in three-dimensional supersonic flows with moderate swirl. The supersonic pressure probe is in the shape of a truncated cone with a flat nose opening for total pressure measurement and includes four holes on the cone surface for static pressure measurements. The objective of the present stochastic CFD study is to quantify the uncertainty in the pressure measurements and the Mach number due to the uncertainty in the cone angle, the nose diameter, and the location of the static pressure port on the cone surface. Each uncertain parameter was modeled as a uniform random variable with a specified range and mean value based on the tolerances supplied by the manufacturer. The uncertainty information for various output variables obtained with a second order polynomial chaos expansion fell within the confidence interval of the Latin Hypercube Monte Carlo statistics. The second order NIPC required only 20 CFD solutions to obtain the uncertainty inforu1ation, whereas the Monte Carlo simulations were performed with 1000 samples (CFD solutions), indicating the computational efficiency of the polynomial chaos approach. The relative variation in the Mach number due to the specified geometric uncertainty was found to be less than 1%. The sensitivity analysis obtained from the polynomial chaos expansions revealed that the Mach number is an order of magnitude more sensitive to the variation in the cone angle than the uncertainty in the other geometric variables.
Heterogeneous Interaction and Reaction of HOBr on Ice Films

The uptake coefficient γ of HOBr on the ice surface from 190 to 239 K has been investigated in a flow reactor interfaced with a differentially pumped quadrupole mass spectrometer. γ of HOBr on ice is in the range 0.11−7 × 10-3 at 190−218 K and is in the range 2 × 10-3 to 6 × 10-4 at 223−239 K. The desorption temperature Td of HOBr on the ice film was determined. Td increases with the HOBr exposure. The Monte Carlo simulation was used to shed light on the nature of the desorption and gas−surface interactions. This study extends our investigations to the reaction probability of the HOBr + HCl reaction. The reaction probability ranges from 0.05 to 0.23 at 190 K and 0.004 to 0.19 at 222 K as a function of PHCl, which varies from 1.3 × 10-7 to 8.8 × 10-6 Torr and 4.2 × 10-7 to 1.5 × 10-5 Torr, respectively. Kinetic analysis indicates that the heterogeneous reaction of HOBr + HCl follows the Langmuir−Hinshelwood type.
How Students Rate Their Teachers

Students of 102 Elementary and Secondary school classes in Illinois rated their teachers on Rogge's Style of Teaching Inventory. Reducing the item ratings to class means, the inter-item correlation matrix was computed and subjected to factor analysis. Three main factors were extracted: (a) Friendly and warm teacher; (b) Under standing and flexible teacher; and (c) Encouraging students' initiative and participation teacher. Teachers were classified along the four main types of personality preference as determined by the Myers Briggs Type Indicator and in terms of their cognitive modes (high vs. low convergent and divergent thinking) by means of Guildord's tests. The six bipolar classifications (Extrovert vs. Introvert, Sensing vs. Intuition, Thinking vs. Feeling, Judging vs. Perceiving, High Convergent vs. Low Convergent, and High Divergent vs. Low Divergent) provided the scheme for comparing the ratings assigned to the teachers by their students on the three factors. Comparisons were carried out separately for males and females. The results indicated that statistically significant ratings were received by the male Sensing vs. Intuition and female High Convergent vs. Low Convergent. The Sensing male teachers were rated high as friendly and warm and low as understanding and flexible; the Intuitive male teachers were perceived and rated high as understand ing and flexible and low as friendly and warm. The female Low Convergent received higher ratings on all three factors. They were perceived as more friendly and warm, understanding and flexible, and encouraging students' participation and initiative than the High Convergent thinking female teachers.
High to p-type quantum dot lasers

The optical gain and differential gain of quantum dot lasers can be dramatically improved through p-type modulation doping. The linewidth enhancement factor can be positive, zero, or even negative.
Intrahemispheric mediation of diametrically opposed visual habits.

Of 21 pigmented rats, 13 were surgically restricted to a single cerebral hemisphere and were then sequentially given monocular training on each of 2 diametrically opposed visual pattern discriminations mediated by opposite eyes. 8 served as controls. All but 4 Ss (3 operated and 1 control) were able to learn the opposing discriminations. Acquisition by way of ipsilateral visual pathways was slower than acquisition by way of fibers from the contralateral eye, a finding consistent with known anatomic density of the two optic fiber systems.
Limp in childhood.

If the gait of a child less than seven years old has a regularly repeated pattern, the child may be considered to have a limp.In determining the cause of a limp, trauma always should be ruled out first. Normal gait is analyzed and deviations from normal gait are discussed.Common causes of limp and a methodical approach to their diagnosis are described and illustrated.
A Measurement System for Broad Bandwidth High Impulse Current Based on Optical Fiber Transmission

A portable high impulse current measurement system was developed based on optical fiber transmission to verify the balancing effect of ultra-high voltage converter valves under over-voltage on electric power system.This measurement system can measure the current of floating potential,and its current probe is the open type without disconnecting the primary conductor in measurement.The frequency bandwidth of the present system is from 140 Hz to 19 MHz,its sensitivity is 5 mV/A,and its measuring range is up to 300 A,so it meets the requirements for the current measurement of the damping circuit in parallel with high power thyristor.Experiment indicates that the present system can measure the current in the damping circuit of high power thyristor under high voltage floating potential
Expression of Rock-1 mRNA in the lung tissue of the rats with hypoxic pulmonary hypertension and the preventive effects of fasudil

Objective: To study the expression of Rock-1 mRNA in the lung tissue of the rats with hypoxic pulmonary hypertension (HPH) and to explore the preventive effects of fasudil. Methods: Seventy-two Spraque-Dawley male rats were randomly divided into hypoxia(H) group, hypoxia+fasudil(fasudil) group, and control(C) group. The rat model of HPH was established by exposing rats to normobaric intermittent hypoxic conditions. The pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) was measured by right-heart catheterization. The ratio of the right ventricle weight (RV) to left ventricle weight (LV) plus septum weight (S) RV/(LV+S) was measured and served as the index for right ventricular hypertrophy. The expression level of Rho kinase (Rock-1) and smooth muscle alpha-actin(α- SMA) mRNA were examined by RT-PCR in lung tissue. Results: The level of mPAP was significantly higher in H group than that in C group(P 0.01) and it was much lower in fasudil group than that of H group(P 0.01). The level of right ventricular hypertrophy was obviously lower in fasudil group than that in H group.The expression level of Rock-1 mRNA in H group was markedly up- regulated even before the onset of HPH (P 0.01), and it was much lower in fasudil group compared with H group. The expression of Rock-1 gene was significantly positively correlated with that of α-SMA(r = 0.883, P 0.05). Conclusion: Rock-1 may be involved in the mechanism of the progression of HPH. Fasudil can significantly decrease mPAP expression, and alleviate the right ventricular hypertrophy due to the inhibition of Rock-1 gene expression.
Uptake of C14-atrazine by prairie grasses in a phytoremediation setting

ABSTRACTAgrochemicals significantly contribute to environmental pollution. In the USA, atrazine is a widely used pesticide and commonly found in rivers, water systems, and rural wells. Phytoremediation can be a cost-effective means of removing pesticides from soil. The objective of this project was to investigate the ability of prairie grasses to remove atrazine. 14C-labeled atrazine was added to sterilized sand and water/nutrient cultures, and the analysis was performed after 21 days. Switchgrass and big bluestem were promising species for phytoremediation, taking up about 40% of the applied [14C] in liquid hydroponic cultures, and between 20% and 33% in sand cultures. Yellow Indiangrass showed low resistance to atrazine toxicity and low uptake of [14C] atrazine in liquid hydroponic cultures. Atrazine degradation increased progressively from sand to roots and leaves. Most atrazine taken up by prairie grasses from sand culture was degraded to metabolites, which accounted for 60–80% of [14C] detected in le...
A Comparison of Mathematics Teachers’ and Professors’ Views on Secondary Preparation for Tertiary Calculus

This article compares the views of teachers and professors about the transition from secondary mathematics to tertiary calculus. Quantitative analysis revealed five categories where teachers and professors differed significantly in the relative frequency of addressing them. Using the rite of passage theory, the separation and incorporation phases were investigated by carrying out thematic analyses on these five categories. For the professors, the analysis revealed specific content within algebra and precalculus that they viewed as vital preparation for students’ tertiary calculus success. For the teachers, the analysis highlighted the classroom environment realities of teaching in the separation phase. The rite of passage and professional turf theories are used to discuss and interpret the findings.
Effect of serum proteinase inhibitors on the fertilizing capacity of rabbit spermatozoa.

The in vivo effect of purified human α 1 -antitrypsin and inter-α-trypsin inhibitor on the fertilizing ability of capacitated rabbit spermatozoa was investigated and compared with that of the trypsin-kallikrein inhibitor from bovine organs (Trasylol). Only 250 μg of α 1 -antitrypsin/5 × 10 4 sperm in 0.05 ml inhibited fertilization by more than 50%. Lower concentrations of α 1 -antitrypsin (50 μg/5 × 10 4 sperm in 0.05 ml) and inter-α-trypsin inhibitor in amounts of 250 μg/5 × 10 4 sperm and less had no significant effect on the fertilization rate. Comparative experiments with Trasylol in concentrations of 50 μg/5 × 10 4 sperm resulted in more than 50% fertilization inhibition, whereas 100 μg/5 × 10 4 sperm decreased the fertilization rate by approximately 90%. The differences in the antifertility effect of these acrosin inhibitors toward capacitated spermatozoa may be due to differences in molecular weight. The effective concentrations required for fertilization inhibition appear to be relatively high under the experimental conditions used.
Lessons from the Alien Tort Statute: Jus Cogens as the Law of Nations

In this Note, I consider a judicial practice that identifies jus cogens as the law of nations by evaluating Alien Tort Statute jurisprudence. While it is generally accepted that a norm belonging to jus cogens is sufficient to fall within the jurisdictional scope of the Alien Tort Statute, I examine the stronger claim that jus cogens constitutes an external restriction on the application of the Alien Tort Statute by undertaking a comprehensive analysis of the treatment of jus cogens in Alien Tort Statute jurisprudence. After considering historical, constitutional, and doctrinal implications of such a relation — and the absence of clear guidance by the Supreme Court or Congress — I ultimately endorse a practice that identifies jus cogens as the law of nations. This Note is intended to provide scholars and practitioners with a resource to better understand and apply a coherent strand in an otherwise winding U.S. jurisprudence under the Alien Tort Statute.
A critical review on hemicellulose pyrolysis

Fast pyrolysis is a promising thermochemical technology that breaks down renewable and abundant lignocellulosic biomass into a primary liquid product (bio-oil) in seconds. The bio-oil can then be potentially catalytically upgraded into transportation fuels and multiple commodity chemicals. Hemicellulose is one of the three major components of lignocellulosic biomass and is characterized as a group of cell wall polysaccharides that are neither cellulose nor pectin. The composition and structural features of hemicellulose (mixture of different heterogeneous polysaccharides) and different specific hemicellulose polysaccharides are reviewed. Particular focus is then given to reviewing the status of hemicellulose pyrolysis in terms of experimental investigations, reaction mechanisms, and kinetic modeling. For each aspect, recent results, challenges, and future prospects are addressed.
Capnocytophagia Sepsis and Spontaneous Splenic Rupture after a Minor Dog Bite

Abstract Background: Spontaneous splenic rupture in critically ill patients without prior identified trauma or underlying splenic pathology is an uncommon event with multiple predisposing factors, including infectious etiologies. Case Presentation: We present the case of a 62-year-old female with history of mild chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and no prior known immunodeficiency who developed severe sepsis with multi-system organ failure two days after a mild dog bite on her wrist, with blood cultures positive for Capnocytophagia spp. She required anti-coagulation with heparin for disseminated intravascular coagulopathy (DIC) leading to deep vein thrombosis. Although she demonstrated resolution of sepsis, on hospital day 19 the patient experienced new onset of left upper quadrant pain; workup demonstrated spontaneous splenic rupture that required emergent splenectomy. She did well thereafter and continues to progress through inpatient rehabilitation from her sepsis. Conclusion: Capnocytophagia sepsi...
Mode selectivity of extraordinary optical transmission inside a terahertz parallel-plate waveguide

We study the dependence of extraordinary optical transmission (EOT) on the input excitation mode by placing a metal screen with a 1D array of holes inside a parallel-plate waveguide (PPWG) operating at terahertz (THz) frequencies. We demonstrate that the output resonant frequency depends strongly on the input mode of the waveguide. We show that the surface plasmon theoretical description is invalid in the case of TE 1 mode excitation, and instead use mode matching to properly predict the resonances in both TE 1 and TEM. Through this disparity of outcomes between the two different waveguide excitation modes, we can better understand the resonant transmission process.
Hadron Production at Forward and Backward Rapidities in √{ NN </i≯} = 200 GeV d+Au Collisions

Understanding normal nuclear medium effects present in heavy ion collisions is essential for understanding the following dynamics of the high density matter produced in the collision. Asymmetric collisions, such as deuteron + gold, provide a key tool for studying these effects since particles produced in the forward and backward directions may be subject to different phenomena. Particle production has been studied in d+Au collisions for various kinematic regions at the RHIC facility. PHENIX has measured charged hadron production as a function of pT for different centrality classes using the PHENIX muon spectrometers for d+Au collisions at \(\sqrt {s_{NN} } = 200\) GeV. The PHENIX muon spectrometers have coverage in both forward and backward directions in the rapidity range 1.2 |η| < 2.4. The Rcp measurement, the ratio of central to peripheral production, is presented and discussed. Comparisons are also made with some relevant theoretical calculations.
Cumulative Impact of Stressful Life Events on the Development of Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy

The role of stressful life events in the onset of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TC) is unclear. This study sought to examine associations between type, timing, and number of stressful life events and onset of TC. A case-control study conducted among consecutive incident female TC cases and myocardial infarction (MI) controls admitted to two emergency departments in New England. Healthy female controls (HC) were recruited from a volunteers’ registry. Information about the timing, type, and number of triggers during the 6 months preceding hospitalization was systematically collected using the PERI Life Events Scale about 1 month post-discharge. Group differences were evaluated using ANOVA, chi-square, and Kruskal-Wallis statistics. Generalized linear models were used to adjust for confounding variables. Between March 2013 and October 2015, 107 women were enrolled (45 TC, 32 MI, and 30 HC). Specific stressful events (death of a relative or close friend (p = 0.006); illness or injury to a relative or close friend (p = 0.001) were more prevalent in TC cases than MI and HC controls. The onset of TC was associated with exposure to multiple stressful life events during the 6 months preceding the index hospitalization (p < 0.001) but not with exposure to an acute, recent event (p = 0.96). TC onset was associated with specific life events (death or illness to close relative or friend) and with the number of stressful life events occurring in the 6 months preceding hospitalization. These findings suggest that grief and cumulative stress could play a major role in the onset of TC.
GRAMMATEUS REAPPEARS IN 1911

There seems to have been little change in financial statements from Grammateus to 1911. This article contains a 1911 practice set which was used to teach transaction accounting as well as trial balance and statement preparation along the lines described in the previous article.
Practical Approach to Cervicogenic Headache

Cervicogenic headache was initially defined as unilateral headache that is provoked by neck movement or pressure over tender points in the neck with associated reduced range of movement of the cervical spine. The headache occurs in non-clustering episodes and is usually non-throbbing in nature, originating from the neck and spreading over the occipital, temporal, and frontal regions. These clinical criteria are not enough to make a definite diagnosis of cervicogenic headache, as it is sometimes difficult to differentiate clinically between cervicogenic headache, migraine, and tension-type headache. Response to diagnostic block of the nerve supply of these cervical structures or intra-articular injection of local anesthetic into the affected joint is now considered a major criterion in the diagnosis of cervicogenic headache.
Opponent-Aware Ball-Manipulation Skills for an Autonomous Soccer Robot

Autonomous robot soccer requires effective multi-agent planning and execution, which ultimately relies on successful skill execution of individual team members. This paper addresses the problem of ball-manipulation for an individual robot already in possession of the ball. Given a planned pass or shoot objective, the robot must intelligently move the ball to its target destination, while keeping it away from opponents. We present and compare complementary ball-manipulation skills that are part of our CMDragons team, champion of the 2015 RoboCup Small Size League. We also present an approach for selecting the appropriate skill given the state of the world. To support the efficacy of the approach, we first show its impact in real games through statistics from the RoboCup tournament. For further evaluation, we experimentally demonstrate the advantages of each introduced skill in different sub-domains of robot soccer.
Ion Transport in Nerve Membrane

It has been recognized that since the Na electrochemical gradient in nerve is the energy source for flow of bioelectric currents, some restorative process is necessary to maintain the Na gradient. This entity, the Na pump, is primarily responsible for the conversion of the chemical free energy of the ATP molecule into an alternate store of free energy, the electrochemical gradient of Na+ ions.
Preservice Teachers’ Comfort Levels with Technology in an Online Standalone Educational Technology Course

While some researchers and teacher educators recommend the integration of technology throughout a teacher preparation program, it may not be realistic for all teacher preparation programs to comply with this recommendation. A lack of training, a lack of interest from faculty, limited faculty or facilities, and/or a lack of vision from educational leaders may prevent some teacher preparation programs from successfully integrating technology throughout the curriculum. For various reasons, colleges and schools of education may rely on standalone educational technology courses. The purpose of this study was to examine technology comfort levels of preservice teachers who completed an online standalone educational technology course with pedagogy and content integrated into the course curriculum. Findings reveal there were no statistically significant mean differences between students’ comfort levels using technology for personal communication and to teach academic content. The findings have implications for teacher preparation programs and teacher educators.
Mitochondrial Genome Organization in cmsT-Regenerated Maize Plants

Cytoplasmic male sterile (cms) plants have normal appearance, but are characterized by the failure to shed viable pollen. However, the morphological and cytological expression of the sterile phenotype varies from species to species, and ranges from degenerated anthers to inviable pollen (Hanson and Conde 1985). The trait is maternally inherited, and the accumulated evidence shows that the cms genetic determinants are mitochondrial rather than chloroplast.
Bifurcation from Infinity in Banach Spaces

In this chapter,we develop results for bifurcation from infinity for variational inequalities defined in reflexive Banach spaces and containing nonlinear operators and convex functionals (that are not necessarily indicator functions of convex sets).These theorems generalize a number of results in Chapter 5 for variational inequalities in Hilbert spaces and are parallel to those in Chapter 6 about bifurcation from trivial solutions.General results are presented in Section 7.1.Some applications and examples are considered in Section 7.2.
A 2D percolation-based model for characterizing the piezoresistivity of carbon nanotube-based films

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have attracted considerable attention due to their unique electrical, mechanical, and electromechanical properties. In particular, thin films formed by embedding CNTs in polymer matrices have been shown to exhibit strain-sensitive electromechanical properties, which can serve as an alternative to traditional strain sensors. Although numerous experimental studies have characterized their electrical properties and piezoresistivity, it remains unclear as to what nano-scale mechanisms dominate to govern nanocomposite electromechanical properties. Therefore, the objective of this study is to create a two-dimensional (2D) percolation-based numerical model to understand the electrical and coupled electromechanical behavior of CNT-based thin films. First, a percolation-based model with randomly dispersed straight nanotubes was generated. Second, the percolation and unstrained electrical properties of the model were evaluated as a function of CNT density and length. Next, uniaxial tensile–compressive strains were applied to the model for characterizing their electromechanical response and piezoresistivity. In addition, the effects of different intrinsic strain sensitivities of individual nanotubes were also considered. The results showed that bulk film strain sensitivity was strongly related to CNT density, length, and its intrinsic strain sensitivity. In particular, it was found that strain sensitivity decreased with increasing CNT density. While these strain sensitivity trends were consistent for different intrinsic CNT gage factors, the results were more complicated near the percolation threshold. These results were also compared to other experimental research so as to understand how different nano-scale parameters propagate and affect bulk film response.