cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Protein synthesis in Volvox carteri f. nagariensis.

Abstract Incorporation of radioactive amino acids was used to examine protein synthesis during the asexual reproductive cycle of the HK10 (female) strain of Volvox carteri f. nagariensis. It was observed that arginine is incorporated into TCA-precipitable material 500 to 1000 times as rapidly as other amino acids. Arginine is taken up by the organisms by a saturable transport system and concentrated against a steep concentration gradient. Intracellular arginine is incorporated with high efficiency: after 1 hr, more than 80% of the intracellular radioactivity is in a TCA-precipitable form. N-terminal analysis ruled out the possibility that this tracer arginine was being incorporated via a ribosome-independent arginyl tRNA-protein transferase and supported the alternative explanation that it was being incorporated via conventional protein synthesis. Proteins labeled with arginine were found to decay with the same time course as those labeled with another amino acid. A method for isolation of somatic and reproductive cells free of cross-contamination is reported. Using this method to isolate cells of prelabeled Volvox, it was observed that arginine is preferentially incorporated into reproductive cells. Reproductive cells exhibited four times as high an arginine-to-lysine incorporation ratio as somatic cells. Over half the total incorporated arginine that was recovered was in reproductive cells. Thus arginine incorporation should serve well as a probe to investigate developmentally significant protein synthesis in the reproductive cells of this species.
Neurocognitive sequelae of childhood cancers and their treatment.

(2004). ReviewNeurocognitive sequelae of childhood cancers and their treatment. Pediatric Rehabilitation: Vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 1-14.
Temporal and spatial patterns of settlement: a field study of molluscs in Bogue Sound, North Carolina

Abstract The role of settlement in determining the spatial and temporal patterns of mollusc settlement inside and outside of seagrass beds was examined using passive settlement traps along with benthic sampling. Settlement traps in and out of seagrass beds were sampled daily from 10 May to 30 September 1988, abridged to once every 3 days after 19 August. To examine the role of postsettlement processes in determining between-habitat differences in mollusc densities sediment cores were taken fortnightly. Mean settlement into traps located in seagrass was 1.6–2 times that into traps in nearby sand areas (5.8 bivalves · trap −1 · day −1 in grass vs. 3.6 in sand; 1.3 gastropods · trap −1 · day −1 in grass vs. 0.64 in sand). The density of gastropods inside seagrass was also higher than in sand areas (1.1 gastropods · core −1 in grass vs. 0.21 gastropods · core −1 in sand). Over the entire sampling period there was no significant difference between habitats in bivalve abundance, but density differences were significant in 3 of the first 4 fortnights. Both the settlement trap and benthic coring samples indicated a pulse of settlement of bivalves in early summer. The between-habitat difference in settlement may be the first step in determining eventual adult distributions, but more work on postsettlement processes is needed to examine processes acting between the time of settlement and adulthood.
Dispersion of X(3)(-3w;w,w,w) in C60: correlation between linear and nonlinear properties

We report the (chi) (3)(-3(omega) ;(omega) ,(omega) ,(omega) ) of a thin film of polycrystalline C60 on glass measured by third harmonic generation (THG) over the fundamental energy range of 0.52 - 1.18 eV. The dispersion clearly shows a three-photon resonance at $HBAR(omega) equals 0.94 eV, whose third harmonic energy corresponds to the dipole allowed transition at 2.8 eV in the solid C60. We use perturbation theory to model the linear absorption spectrum and the nonlinear spectrum, and achieve consistent values for the fitting parameters.© (1993) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Shock releases bile acidinducing platelet inhibition and fibrinolysis

Abstract Background Metabolites are underappreciated for their effect on coagulation. Taurocholic acid (TUCA), a bile acid, has been shown to regulate cellular activity and promote fibrin sealant degradation. We hypothesize that TUCA impairs whole blood clot formation and promotes fibrinolysis. Methods TUCA was exogenously added to whole blood obtained from volunteers. A titration from 250 μM–750 μM was used due to biologic relevance. Whole blood mixtures were assayed using thrombelastography for clot strength (maximum amplitude [MA]) and fibrinolysis (LY30) quantification. Tranexamic acid was used to block plasmin-mediated fibrinolysis. Platelet microfluidics were performed. A proteomic analysis was completed on citrated plasma obtained from a shock and resuscitation rat model. Results Fibrinolysis increased when 750-μM TUCA was added to whole blood (median LY30 0.08–5.7, P = 0.010) and clot strength decreased (median MA of 53.3–43.8, P = 0.010). The addition of tranexamic acid, to a 750-μM TUCA titration, partially reversed the induced fibrinolysis (LY30: without 7.7 versus with 2.7) and the decrease in clot strength (MA: without 48.2 versus with 53.2), but did not reverse the effects to whole blood levels. Platelet function reduced by 50% in the presence of 100-μM TUCA. Rats had a median 52-fold increase in TUCA, after a shock state that stayed elevated after resuscitation. Conclusions TUCA reduces clot strength and promotes fibrinolysis. The clot strength reduction is attributable to platelet inhibition. This metabolic effect on coagulation warrants further investigation, as localized areas of the body, with high levels of bile acid, may be at risk for postoperative bleeding.
Superradiance and energy transfer within a system of atoms

Abstract We investigate cooperative effects in energy relaxation and energy transfer for N atoms in a thermal radiation field with superradiance master equations as well as a closed set of coupled moment equations. Both spatially large and spatially small systems are considered. For small systems nonlinear rate equations for the energy are related to the moment equations. Symmetry of the small system to interchanging atoms is used to incorporate off-diagonal solutions of the superradiance master equation in expressions for the probability of the transfer of energy from one group of atoms to another. The long time excitation probability for initially unexcited atoms is large and strongly correlated. Cooperative processes in a large system which fall off with the distance between a cooperating pair of atoms include energy loss and transfer terms in the master equation. The energy transfer is oscillatory in time. Energy relaxation is shown by numerical solution to become cooperative in a very sudden manner as the scale of the atomic system is decreased through the resonant wavelength.
Medication Tolerance and Augmentation in Restless Legs Syndrome: The Need for Drug Class Rotation

Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a common condition characterized by an unpleasant urge to move the legs that usually occurs at night and may interfere with sleep. The medications used most commonly to treat RLS include dopaminergic drugs (levodopa, dopamine agonists), benzodiazepines, and narcotic analgesics. We report the cases of 2 patients with RLS who illustrate the problems of tolerance (declining response over time) and augmentation (a worsening of symptoms due to ongoing treatment) that can complicate the pharmacotherapy of RLS. We discuss the optimal management of RLS and propose strategies to overcome tolerance and augmentation such as a rotational approach among agents from different classes.
Guanine nucleotides are potent secretagogues in permeabilized parathyroid cells.

We studied the effects of GTP and its' analogues on PTH release in permeabilized parathyroid cells to assess their role in mediating the unusual inverse relationship between Ca2+ and PTH release in intact parathyroid cells. Both 10-5 M GppNHp and GTPγS, nonhydrolysable analogues of GTP, produce up to an 8-fold enhancement of PTH release, which is dose-dependent. This effect is specific for GTP analogues as we could not mimic it with other nucleotides. 10−3 M GDPβS, a nonhydrolysable GDP analogue, completely abolishes GppNHp-stimulated hormone release, providing further support for mediation of this effect by a guanine-nucleotide regulatory protein. In GppNHp-stimulated cells, PTH release is maximal at free [Ca2+] less than 200 nM and progressively decreases as the free [Ca2+] increases from 300 nM to 100 μM. These results suggest the presence of a guanine-nucleotide binding protein in the parathyroid cell that may play an important role in the regulation of PTH secretion by Ca2+ and perhaps other secretagogues.
Generation of 85-fsec pulses by synchronous pumping of a colliding-pulse mode-locked dye laser

By synchronously pumping a linear-cavity dye laser that has as one end mirror an antiresonant ring containing a thin saturable absorber jet, we have developed a colliding-pulse mode-locked laser, which is capable of being synchronously amplified. Pulse widths of 85 fsec have been obtained. The dye laser is pumped by the frequency-doubled output of a cw mode-locked Nd:YAG laser. This makes synchronous amplification with short pulses possible and provides the additional advantages of increased reliability, ruggedness, and amplitude stability.
Fructose‐2,6‐bisphosphate and control of carbohydrate metabolism in eukaryotes

Fructose-2,6-bisphosphate is an important intracellular biofactor in the control of carbohydrate metabolic fluxes in eukaryotes. It is generated from ATP and fructose-6-phosphate by 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase and degraded to fructose-6-phosphate and phosphate ion by fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase. In most organisms these enzymatic activities are contained in a single polypeptide. The reciprocal modulation of the kinase and bisphosphatase activities by post-translational modifications places the level of the biofactor under the control of extra-cellular signals. In general, these signals are generated in response to changing nutritional states, therefore, fructose-2,6-bisphosphate plays a role in the adaptation of organisms, and the tissues within them, to changes in environmental and metabolic states. Although the specific mechanism of fructose-2,6-bisphosphate action varies between species and between tissues, most involve the allosteric activation of 6-phosphofructo-1-kinase and inhibition of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase. These highly conserved enzymes regulate the fructose-6-phosphate/fructose-1,6-bisphosphate cycle, and thereby, determine the carbon flux. It is by reciprocal modulation of these activities that fructose-2,6-bisphosphate plays a fundamental role in eukaryotic carbohydrate metabolism.
From fertile soils

The Monogerm of the Sugar Beet: Embryology, Genetics, Breeding. By S. I. Maletskaya Yu. N. Shavrukov S. G. Veprev E. I. Maletskaya O. A. Kudryavtseva A. V. Mglinets M. A. Kostirya. Novosibirsk, Nauka: 1988 (in Russian). Pp.168. 1 rouble 80 copeck.
Solvent effects on polysaccharide conformation

Abstract Polymers are widely used in solution to provide structure and function, e.g., colloidal stability, delivery of actives, viscoelasticity, to a variety of products. Underlying these functions are inter- and intra-molecular interactions that depend greatly on the type of solvent used. We consider here the dilute solution viscosity of a common polysaccharide, dextran, in various solvents (water, formamide, dimethylsulfoxide, ethanolamine). The intrinsic viscosity of dextran T500 doubles as the solvent changes from water to ethanolamine. The observed effects on the polymer conformation are discussed in terms of intermolecular interactions and are correlated with a number of solvent properties, including dipole moment, surface tension, empirical parameter of solvent polarity E T N , and Hansen solubility parameters. The data discussed here intimate that hydrogen bonding is the most important contributor to the solubility of dextran in the examined solvents. The excellent solvent power of ethanolamine can be ascribed to its capacity to act as both hydrogen bond donor and acceptor.
The newsboy with known demand and uncertain replenishment: Applications to quality control and container fill

Consider a newsboy problem with known demand and random replenishment. The distribution of the replenishment quantity is determined by a location-scale parameter, (@m, @d), which can be controlled. The usual expected cost function includes a separate term associated with the choice of @d. The asymptotic behavior of the optimal parameter values, as functions of the holding and shortage costs, is examined.
Insertional mutagenesis of the Drosophila genome with single P elements

A versatile genetic method for identifying and cloning Drosophila melanogaster genes affecting any recognizable phenotype is described. Strains are constructed in which the insertion of a single P transposable element has caused a new mutation, greatly simplifying the genetic and molecular analysis of the affected gene. Mutagenesis is initiated by crossing two strains, each of which contains a specially designed P element. One element (jumpstarter), encoding P element transposase, efficiently mobilizes the second nonautonomous transposon (mutator), whose structure facilitates selection and cloning of new insertion mutations. Random mutator transpositions are captured in individual stocks that no longer contain jumpstarter, where they remain stable. This method was used to construct 1300 single P element insertion stocks which were then screened for recessive mutations. A library of single-element insertion strains will allow the structure and function of Drosophila genes to be readily correlated, and should have many other applications in Drosophila molecular genetics.
Detection of pediatric cervical spine injury.

OBJECTIVE: In evaluating the pediatric cervical spine for injury, the use of adult protocols without sufficient sensitivity to pediatric injury patterns may lead to excessive radiation doses. Data on injury location and means of detection can inform pediatric-specific guideline development. METHODS: We retrospectively identified pediatric patients with codes from the International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, for cervical spine injury treated between 1980 and 2000. Collected data included physical findings, radiographic means of detection, and location of injury. Sensitivity of plain x-rays and diagnostic yield from additional radiographic studies were calculated. RESULTS: Of 239 patients, 190 had true injuries and adequate medical records; of these, 187 had adequate radiology records. Patients without radiographic abnormality were excluded. In 34 children younger than 8 years, National Emergency X-Radiography Utilization Study criteria missed two injuries (sensitivity, 94%), with 76% of injuries occurring from occiput-C2. In 158 children older than 8 years, National Emergency X-Radiography Utilization Study criteria identified all injured patients (sensitivity, 100%), with 25% of injuries occurring from occiput-C2. For children younger than 8 years, plain-film sensitivity was 75% and combination plain-film/occiput-C3 computed tomographic scan had a sensitivity of 94%, whereas combination plain-film and flexion-extension views had 81% sensitivity. In patients older than 8 years, the sensitivities were 93%, 97%, and 94%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Younger children tend to have more rostral (occiput-C2) injuries compared with older children. The National Emergency X-Radiography Utilization Study protocol may have lower sensitivity in young children than in adults. Limited computed tomography from occiput-C3 may increase diagnostic yield appreciably in young children compared with flexion-extension views. Further prospective studies, especially of young children, are needed to develop reliable pediatric protocols.
The Case for Systemic Restructuring as a Key to Information Technology Integration in Education: A Response to van den Akker and Plomp

(1994). The Case for Systemic Restructuring as a Key to Information Technology Integration in Education: A Response to van den Akker and Plomp. Teaching Education: Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 155-159.
Zero redundancy channel coding in vector quantisation

Gray-coding of signal amplitudes can protect PCM transmission of analogue signals from the effects of channel bit errors. We generalise this to VQ, and provide a ‘vector switching’ algorithm that reduces the expected signal distortion by suitably assigning code words to the codevectors in a given code-book.
Isolation and characterization of soluble β-amyloid and apolipoproteins from cerebrospinal fluid

An original method of isolation and purification of soluble β-amyloid and apoproteins from the cerebrospinal fluid of healthy donors is developed. The method consists of purification of high density lipoproteins by centrifugation of cerebrospinal fluid and reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography of isolated lipoproteins. The obtained β-amyloid and apoproteins from cerebrospinal fluid are characterized immunologically and by mass-spectroscopy.
Comparison of time and frequency domain single and double differential schemes for OFDM UWB systems

Ultra-wideband (UWB) systems possess several distinct features such as very high data rate, large multipath or frequency diversity and improved ranging precision while requiring low-power low-complexity transceivers. Among the different modulation schemes, differential PSK is an attractive option because it does not require channel estimation, and hence reduces implementation complexity. This paper investigates an OFDM UWB receiver based on both time and frequency-domain differential PSK modulation and compares the performances of single and double differential schemes in the presence of frequency offset.
Identity-motivated marketing relationships: research synthesis, controversies, and research agenda

Social identity and identity theories have recently emerged as an important theoretical lens in relationship marketing research. However, the study of identity-motivated marketing relationships, defined as internal and external stakeholders’ identification with a marketing entity that can be an individual, a group, a brand, or a company, is not without controversies. Following a synthesis of this stream of research, this paper reviews the nature and causes of two key issues surrounding the conceptualization and measurement identity-based constructs. Recommended solutions and avenues for further research are then discussed.
Determination of the optimal constant output feedback gains for linear discrete systems

The optimal constant gain output feedback control of linear time-invariant discrete systems with respect to an averaged performance criterion is discussed. The algebraic conditions necessary for minimizing the averaged performance cost are derived and a method for computing the constant optimal feedback gain is presented.
Electrical modelling for carbon nanotubes

Based on the NEGF and tight-binding approaches, the bias-induced energy of the metallic CNT is accounted for by the capacitance or inductance in the proposed equivalent circuit model, from which we get an excellent agreement with the semi-classical treatments. The kinetic energy of the electrons in the subband for a FETCNT is modelled as an additional quantum capacitance, which suggests a modified circuit model. (© 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Steady-state whirling motions of thin filaments

The steady-state whirling motion of linear elastic filaments under self-weight with rotary excitation at one end and free at the other is examined; specifically, the effect of bending rigidity is investigated both theoretically and experimentally. Similarities between the problem of a perfectly flexible string and filament with non-negligible bending stiffness are exploited in identifying the possible modes of oscillation. The theoretical predictions have been compared with the experimental results for thin filaments with different bending rigidities to demonstrate the effect of bending directly.
Use of FEA Derived Impedances to Design Active Structures

Previously, the impedance method has been applied to simple structures by determining the modal response using closed-form methods. The present work uses finite element analysis (FEA) to generate the host structure’s mechanical impedances from eigenvectors. Two-dimensional structures are studied, though the method should be extendable to any structure that can be modeled by FEA. The equations to recover the impedances and structure’s response from an FEA normal mode analysis are developed. The method is then experimentally verified for plates with different boundary conditions, material types, and actuator orientations. The method is found to accurately predict the plate’s response.
Evaluating the Monadic Democratic Peace

The democratic peace is a well established empirical law in the international relations literature.Two key findings mark the cornerstone of the democratic peace: first, democracies almost never fight other democracies, and second, democracies regularly fight non-democracies. Although most empirical analyses and theoretical explanations have focused on the dyadic nature of the democratic peace, some have argued that democratic norms make democracies more peaceful than other regime types in general, not just in their relations with other democracies. In this article, we evaluate the monadic democratic peace to examine support for the claim that democracies are more peaceful in general than non-democracies. Examining the frequency of conflict and the likelihood of dispute initiation using four different measures of democracy, our results indicate that, while the dyadic democratic peace is strongly supported, there is little, if any, empirical support for the monadic democratic peace.
Advanced synchrophasor applications

GPS synchronized measurements are becoming common and there is tremendous activity to develop applications and utilize these measurements. While, presently the applications lag the hardware developments, there is a great activity towards development of a variety of applications and utilization of GPS synchronized data. The paper provides a brief overview of GPS synchronized measurements and past projects and concludes with present day trends towards development of applications for GPS synchronized data. In particular a number of advanced applications including (a) distributed state estimation, (b) distributed dynamic state estimation, and (c) stability monitoring and out of step relaying.
Attitudes of school counsellors to some counselling issues

Abstract A questionnaire was constructed to ascertain the attitudes of school counsellors to guidance issues. 16 school counsellors in an urban area in the Midlands were asked to complete the questionnaire. The results show a wide area of agreement among the counsellors, particularly on issues concerned with practical and professional matters. Differences of opinion occur with respect to some of the other issues — including those concerned with the relationship of guidance and counselling to society — and possible implications of this lack of unanimity are discussed.
Mindreading: Mental State Ascription and Cognitive Architecture

The debate between the theory-theory and simulation has largely ignored issues of cognitive architecture. In the philosophy of psychology, cognition as symbol manipulation is the orthodoxy. The challenge from connectionism, however, has attracted vigorous and renewed interest. In this paper I adopt connectionism as the antecedent of a conditional: If connectionism is the correct account of cognitive archi- tecture, then the simulation theory should be preferred over the theory-theory. I use both developmental evidence and constraints on explanation in psychology to sup- port this claim.
IS PROVIDING STUDENTS WITH BEHAVIORAL OBJECTIVES INCORPORATED INTO PROGRAMMED MATERIALS EFFICIENT

The fundamental question investigated in this study was that of evaluating the effectiveness of behavioral objectives when they are inserted into programmed materials which were designed for secondary biology students. Four variations of programs were used with two forms having variations of behavioral objectives, another having non-behavioral objectives, and a fourth with no objectives inserted. Ss were previously blocked on mental ability and motivation, and then randomly assigned to one of four treatments. This procedure yielded twenty-four cells with six Ss. An F (3, 120) = 1.58 for four treatments x achievement, as measured by a 28-item posttest, was not significant. Raw score data consistently favored the group that received neither behavioral nor non-behavioral objectives with their program. This result may imply that inserting objectives disturbed the continuity of the program and interfered with learning, but this conclusion is limited by a lack of statisticaUy significant support.
The Operation and Regulation of Crude Oil and Gasoline Pipe Lines

Introduction, 177. — The importance of oil pipe lines, 178. — Concentration of control, 180. — Use of pipe lines by independent shippers, 182. — Minimum tender requirements, 184. — Storage facilities, 185. — Effects of shipping requirements, 186. — Rates and transportation costs, 189. — Effect of the rate and cost structure, 192. — Earnings, 193. — Subsidizing losses elsewhere, 199. — Regulation by the Interstate Commerce Commission: the Hepburn Act, 201; handicaps under which the Commission has operated, 204; Brundred Brothers vs. Prairie Pipe Line, 205; the Reduced Pipe Line Rates and Gathering Charges Investigation, 206.
On-line technique for measuring stable oxygen and hydrogen isotopes from microliter quantities of water

Detailed here is a method for extracting and analyzing oxygen and hydrogen isotopes from 10 microL-sized water samples. Based on the traditional CO2-H2O equilibration technique, the oxygen isotope exchange reaction is done exclusively in sealed 6-mm (o.d.) Pyrex tubes at 25 degrees C, with full isotope exchange completed in at least 28 h. Using the same water sample employed in the 18O equilibration, D/H extractions are done in separate sealed 6-mm (o.d.) Pyrex tubes by reaction with Zn at 450 degrees C to form H2(g). Provided that a correction factor is applied to 18O analyses, accuracy and precision for both 18O and D/H are comparable to standard techniques using much larger samples.
Evolution of photonic networks and their devices

This talk summarizes the evolution of photonic technologies and related devices. FTTH and metro-network sustaining its broadband capacity become media as well as a part of social infrastructure.
Diagnosis of right coronary artery to right atrial fistula in a dog using two-dimensional echocardiography

A five-year-old boxer dog developed cardiac murmurs, complete heart block and cardiomegaly associated with vegetative bacterial endocarditis. Using two-dimensional echocardiography, vegetative lesions of the aortic valves and extension of the vegetations into the proximal right coronary artery and adjacent atrial septum were identified. The vegetation within the atrial septum appeared as a cavitated mass which protruded into the right atrium. Fistulae within the atrial septal vegetation permitting communication between the coronary artery and right atrium were observed with colour Doppler echocardiography. The dog died despite medical treatment. Post mortem examination confirmed the echocardiographic findings. Vegetative endocarditis with invasion into the right coronary artery and atrial septum producing fistulae and communication with the right atrium has not been reported previously in dogs. Doppler echocardiography proved useful in demonstrating the abnormal anatomy, intraluminal fistular blood flow and its communication with the right atrium.
Peer Selection and Socialization Effects on Adolescent Intercourse Without a Condom and Attitudes About the Costs of Sex

This study investigated peer selection and socialization effects on sexual behavior and attitudes using 1,350 15- to 18-year-old students participating in two waves of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. Regarding socialization effects, friends' intercourse without condoms predicted later individual intercourse without condoms positively. Friends' attitudes about the costs of sex predicted later individual attitudes positively and intercourse without condoms negatively. The latter relation was stronger for females than for males. Regarding selection effects, individual attitudes predicted later friends' attitudes positively, but the strength of this effect varied by ethnicity. The results suggest that adolescents socialize friends to have similar sexual attitudes and behavior but tend to select friends based on similar attitudes rather than similar behaviors.
Effects of self-directed reiki and concentration on cutaneous microvascular perfusion of the fingers

For each reiki practitioner, the dorsal surfaces of three fingers were scanned 12 times during a 15-minute session, using a laser Doppler perfusion imager (PeriScan PIM II, Perimed), to measure changes in cutaneous blood perfusion. During images 5–8, the 37 reiki practitioners sent reiki to the hand being scanned; ageand gendermatched subjects untrained in reiki (n = 30) concentrated on love flowing from their fingers.
Is Surface Pressure a Measure of Interfacial Water Activity? Evidence from Protein Adsorption Behavior at Interfaces

The tension at the air−water interface is fundamentally due to the excess standard chemical potential of water in the interfacial region. Thus, a reduction in surface tension as a result of adsorption of an amphiphilic molecule, that is, surface pressure, must a priori be viewed as a reduction in the standard chemical potential of surface water molecules and not due to a compensating lateral pressure exerted by the adsorbed film. On the basis of this simple premise, the dynamics of reduction of surface tension during adsorption of proteins at the air−water interface has been analyzed in terms of reaction of interfacial water molecules with protein and/or their displacement from the interfacial phase by protein molecules. The concept developed assumes that reduction in interfacial water activity occurs as a result of two molecular processes, namely anchoring of the protein to the interface and subsequent concentration-dependent two-dimensional aggregation of the adsorbed protein. Experimental adsorption da...
Film-forming ability of flowable cement pastes and its application in mixture proportioning of pervious concrete

Abstract In this paper, the concept of paste film-forming ability is introduced as a parameter for mixture proportioning of pervious concrete. Two new test methods are also developed. The two methods characterize film-forming ability in two conditions. The first method characterizes the ability of a cement paste to form a stable film on a smooth nonabsorbent vertical surface. The paste thickness measured from this test is called, Ideal Paste T hickness (IPT). The second test characterizes the ability of cement paste to adhere and remain on an aggregate surface; this paste thickness is called A ctual P aste T hickness ( APT ). The IPT can be used as a standardized parameter to evaluate the film-forming ability of cement pastes. The APT can be used to study the formation of cement paste films on pervious concrete aggregates. In this study IPT and APT of sixteen superplasticized cement pastes were evaluated. The pastes were prepared from four water to cement ( w / c ) ratios (0.23, 0.27, 0.32 and 0.37).
A shopping orientation segmentation of French consumers: Implications for catalog marketing

Abstract Although understanding of catalog patronage behavior has progressed substantially in the past decade, two avenues of inquiry have been largely overlooked. Psychographic characteristics have been neglected in favor of demographic descriptors. Further, much of the research has examined the U.S. consumer, while little attention has been paid to catalog shoppers in other parts of the world. This study uses factor analysis to identify shopping orientations within a French sample (n = 566) and cluster analysis to group subjects, with respect to their shopping orientation scores, into shopping segments that are homogeneous within segments and heterogeneous between segments. Particular attention is paid to a catalog shopping cluster. Analysis reveals a catalog shopping segment motivated primarily by recreational interests and only secondarily by convenience concerns. This finding is contrary to much of the extant research that suggests that catalog shopping is chosen for its convenience. The finding is also contrary to research conducted in the U.S. showing that catalog shopping has fractionated into multiple segments; only one segment is identified among this study's French subjects.
Can contingent valuation measure nonuse values

The authors outline how potentially coherent, consistent economic values can be determined by use of contingent valuation measurement (CVM). They use as an example three different CV studies to estimate nonuse values for groundwater. The authors also point out that rapidly changing political preferences can complicate the issues. They feel that the appropriate goal for CVM is to attempt to provide crystallized values for public decisionmaking.
The Athens Exemplar: An Olympic Promotion Effort Pays Off for “The Networks of NBC”

This study examines the on-air promotion within the high-profile Summer Olympics telecasts on NBC in 2004 and, for the first time, its co-owned cable networks. NBC made a number of adjustments to the promotion practices compared to previous Olympic coverage and utilized the cable networks to extensively cross-promote the broadcast network lineup. September 2004 ratings results indicated that many programs received a substantial bump following the Olympic broadcasts. Surprisingly, every new series increased ratings over its time slot in the previous year, and three of the five new shows increased by more than 2 ratings points—as did more than one-third of returning shows. Only one primetime program promoted during the Olympics suffered a significant ratings drop. NBC's revised promotion approach during the Olympic telecasts and strategic decision to move several premiere episodes earlier in September appears justified.
Invasive intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm: predictors of survival and role of adjuvant therapy

Background Adjuvant treatment for pancreatic adenocarcinoma has been shown to improve survival. An increasingly recognized ‘subtype’ of pancreatic adenocarcinoma is invasive intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN). It is unclear whether adjuvant treatment for invasive IPMN improves survival. This study aimed to determine the impact of adjuvant treatment in invasive IPMN.
Cross sections relevant to gamma-ray astronomy: Alpha-particle-induced reactions on 12C, 14N, and 16O nuclei.

Gamma-ray production cross sections have been measured for the gamma-ray lines most strongly excited in the alpha-particle bombardments of $^{12}\mathrm{C}$, $^{14}\mathrm{N}$, and $^{16}\mathrm{O}$ for alpha-particle energies from threshold to 27 MeV. Tabulations of cross sections averaged over alpha-particle energy bins of 1 MeV are provided for calculations relevant to gamma-ray line astronomy. Relevance to analysis of spectra acquired with gamma-ray spectrometers in space is discussed.
From Violence Exposure to Development of Sexual Risk in Low-Income Urban Girls: The Role of Psychopathology

This longitudinal study examined psychopathology as an explanatory mechanism linking childhood violence exposure (CVE) to sexual risk in 177 African American girls recruited from mental health clinics serving low-income communities in Chicago. Beginning at average age 14, girls completed five interviews over 2 years and a sixth assessment including trauma history. CVE reflected sexual, physical, or witnessed violence before age 12. Latent growth modeling accounted for developmental change across the six time points. Externalizing, but not internalizing, symptoms mediated the pathway from CVE to number of partners (indirect effect = .16, 95 % CIBCBS = .04–.29) and inconsistent condom use (indirect effect = .11, CIBCBS = .004–.21). Externalizing problems associated with CVE may help to explain its relationship with sexual risk in low-income, treatment-seeking African American girls. Behavioral interventions addressing aggression, impulsivity, and general risk-taking may be most effective in reducing sexual risk in this population.
Factors affecting the production of glutamine in cultured mouse cells.

Glutamine synthetase activity of NCTC clone 929 mouse cells (strain L) was studied as a function of the prior nutritional experience of the cells. Small enzyme increases were recorded in response to either glutamine depletion or chronic serum supplementation of the growth medium. Somewhat greater increases resulted from the administration of cortisol or certain other steroids, particularly if the hormone treatment was combined with glutamine withdrawal. High concentrations of glutamate in the medium did not augment the glutamine synthetase content of the cells and even caused an apparent decrease in it. The presence of glutamine in the culture medium resulted in a fairly rapid rate of disappearance of the glutamine synthetase of previously induced cells. The data suggest that glutamine and cortisol act independently on the cells in regulating the level of the enzyme.
Why do females care more than males

Females tend to provide more parental care than males. Previous efforts to account for this have been confused because it is difficult to express the costs of care for males and females in the same currency. Here I propose a null model that does so, using the Fisherian constraint that total male and female reproduction must be equal. The model shows that, contrary to a number of recent analyses, lower probability of parentage for males does tend to make males less likely than females to provide care. It also shows how sexual selection stemming from premating asymmetries in investment promotes similar post–mating asymmetries.
NMR imaging and hydrodynamic analysis of neutrally buoyant non-Newtonian slurry flows

Abstract A transient two-dimensional two-phase hydrodynamic computer model is proposed to describe liquid-solids slurry flows. The carrier fluid-phase is treated as Newtonian while the solids—fluid mixture is treated as non-Newtonian, displaying shear-thinning. Computed results are compared with non-intrusive NMR time-of-flight velocity measurements. Good agreement was obtained between NMR experimental data and model predictions.
Electronic health record identification of nephrotoxin exposure and associated acute kidney injury.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Nephrotoxic medication exposure represents a common cause of acute kidney injury (nephrotoxin-AKI) in hospitalized children. Systematic serum creatinine (SCr) screening has not been routinely performed in children receiving nephrotoxins, potentially leading to underestimating nephrotoxin-AKI rates. We aimed to accurately determine nephrotoxin exposure and nephrotoxin-AKI rates to drive appropriate interventions in non–critically ill hospitalized children. METHODS: We conducted a prospective quality improvement project implementing a systematic electronic health record (EHR) screening and decision support process (trigger) at a single quaternary pediatric hospital. Patients were all noncritically ill hospitalized children receiving an intravenous aminoglycoside for ≥3 days or ≥3 nephrotoxins simultaneously (exposure). Pharmacists recommended daily SCr monitoring in exposed patients. AKI was defined by the modified pediatric Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss and End-stage Renal Disease criteria (≥25% decrease in estimated creatinine clearance). We developed 4 novel metrics: exposure rate per 1000 patient-days, AKI rate per 1000 patient-days, AKI rate (%) per high nephrotoxin admission, and AKI days per 100 exposure days (AKI intensity). RESULTS: This study included 21 807 patients accounting for 27 711 admissions. A total of 726 (3.3%) unique exposed patients accounted for 945 hospital admissions (6713 patient-days). AKI occurred in 25% of unique exposed patients and 31% of exposure admissions (1974 patient-days). Our EHR-driven SCr nephrotoxin-AKI surveillance process was associated with a 42% reduction in AKI intensity. CONCLUSIONS: Nephrotoxin-AKI rates are high in noncritically ill children; systematic screening for nephrotoxic medication exposure and AKI detection was accomplished reliably through an EHR based trigger tool.
Articulation rate and its relationship to disfluency type, duration, and temperament in preschool children who stutter

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between articulation rate, frequency and duration of disfluencies of different types, and temperament in preschool children who stutter (CWS). In spontaneous speech samples from 19 children CWS (mean age = 3:9; years: months), we measured articulation rate, the frequency and duration of (a) sound prolongations; (b) soundsyllable repetitions; (c) single syllable whole word repetitions; and (d) clusters. Temperament was assessed with the Children’s Behavior Questionnaire (Rothbart et al., 2001). There was a significant negative correlation between articulation rate and average duration of sound prolongations (p<0.01), and between articulation rate and frequency of stuttering-like disfluencies (SLDs) (p<0.05). No other relationships proved statistically significant. Results do not support models of stuttering development that implicate particular characteristics of temperament as proximal contributors to stuttering; however, this is likely due to the fact that current methods, including the ones used in the present study, do not allow for the identification of a functional relationship between temperament and speech production. Findings do indicate that for some CWS, relatively longer sound prolongations co-occur with relatively slower speech rate, which suggests that sound prolongations, across a range of durations, may represent a distinct type of SLD, not just in their obvious perceptual characteristics, but in their potential influence on overall speech production at multiple levels.
GFP-IFS: a coronagraphic integral field spectrograph for the APO 3.5-meter telescope

We present the design and initial laboratory tests of a new integral-field spectroscopy mode to be added to the Goddard Fabry-Perot instrument at Apache Point Observatory. This new IFS mode incorporates a 'TIGER'-style lenslet array, with pre-optics to allow spatial sampling of 0.21 or 0.42 arcseconds, corresponding to fields-of-view of 7 or 14 arcseconds. For coronography, we insert a mask close to the lenslet array focal plane, blocking a discrete number of the lenslet foci. Three VPH grisms will be available to disperse the spectra, with medium-resolution (R~1000) red (λ ~ 660nm) and green (λ ~ 490nm) modes and a high-resolution (R~5000) red mode. We show that it is possible to reduce crosstalk between spectra by at least an order of magnitude by placing a pinhole mask at the focus of the lenslet array, and present data on the throughput of the lenslets and VPH grism.
Network aware spectrum efficiency metric for heterogeneous and dynamic radio environments

In this paper, we formalize a new definition for spectrum efficiency, with the specific goal of addressing the diverse needs and requirements of various technologies and users. Existing metrics for spectrum efficiency do not account for changing radio environments. Hence, they are insufficient for future systems which employ dynamic allocation schemes. We introduce a heuristic parameterized definition for spectrum efficiency dependent on the network dynamics, radio environment and diverse requirements of technologies. This metric accounts for the frequency use and reuse, interference footprint of a user, and has a parameter to specify priority/importance for users/bits (e.g. public safety). We study the behavior and the optimal transmit power to maximize the efficiency for a point-to-point link. We numerically evaluate the efficiency for a two user case, and discuss the trade-offs involved. Overall, the proposed metric accounts for the interplay between users in a network to evaluate efficiency of spectrum utilization.
Improving Outcomes in Children Requiring Mechanical Bridge-To-Transplantation (BTT) in the Current Era

Purpose Bridging children to transplant with ventricular assist device (VAD) has been expanding. Little recent data exists assessing the VAD use and survival to and after heart transplantation in children. Methods and Materials UNOS provided data on 8,131 patients listed for transplant (1995-2011); they were divided into three eras: early (1995-2002, n=3804), mid (2003-2007, n=2400) and late (2008-2011, n=1937). VADs were present at listing in 375 (4.6%) and at transplant in 371 (7.1%). Outcomes among VAD patients were assessed and compared across eras. Results VAD use has increased over time (early: 3.4%, mid: 5.1%, late 7.3%, p figure 1 ] Conclusions Results with VAD bridging have improved in the current era. Post-transplant survival is unaffected by the presence of a VAD at transplant. Younger patients and those with CHD remain high-risk groups in need of better mechanical support alternatives.
Introduction to the electronic symposium on computer-supported cooperative work

Computer-supported cooperative work (CSCW) holds great importance and promise for modern society. This paper provides an overview of seventeen papers comprising a symposium on CSCW. The overview also discusses some relationships among the contributions made by each paper, and places those contributions into a larger context by identifying some of the key challenges faced by computer science reseachers who aim to help us work effectively as teams mediated through networks of computers. The paper also describes why the promise of CSCW holds particular salience for the U.S. military. In the context of a military setting, the paper describes five particular challenges for CSCW researchers. While most of these challenges might seem specific to military environments, many others probably already face similar challenges, or soon will, when attempting to collaborate through networks of computers. To support this claim, the paper includes a military scenario that might hit fairly close to home for many, and certainly for civilian emergency response personnel. After discussing the military needs for collaboration technology, the paper briefly outlines for motivation for a recent DARPA research program along these lines. That program, called Intelligent Collaboration and Visualization, sponsored the work reported in this symposium.
Modeled large‐scale warming impacts on summer California coastal‐cooling trends

[1] Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS) meso-meteorological model simulations with a horizontal grid resolution of 4 km on an inner grid over the South Coast Air Basin of California were used to investigate effects from long-term (i.e., past 35 years) large-scale warming impacts on coastal flows. Comparison of present- and past-climate simulations showed significant increases in summer daytime sea breeze activity by up to 1.5 m s−1 (in the onshore component) and a concurrent coastal cooling of average-daily peak temperatures of up to −1.6°C, both of which support observations that the latter is an indirect “reverse reaction” to the large-scale warming of inland areas.