cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Automated Online Solid-Phase Derivatization for Sensitive Quantification of Endogenous S-Nitrosoglutathione and Rapid Capture of Other Low-Molecular-Mass S-Nitrosothiols.

S-Nitrosothiols (RSNOs) constitute a circulating endogenous reservoir of nitric oxide and have important biological activities. In this study, an online coupling of solid-phase derivatization (SPD) with liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was developed and applied in the analysis of low-molecular-mass RSNOs. A derivatizing-reagent-modified polymer monolithic column was prepared and adapted for online SPD-LC-MS. Analytes from the LC autosampler flowed through the monolithic column for derivatization and then directly into the LC-MS for analysis. This integration of the online derivatization, LC separation, and MS detection facilitated system automation, allowing rapid, laborsaving, and sensitive detection of RSNOs. S-Nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) was quantified using this automated online method with good linearity (R2 = 0.9994); the limit of detection was 0.015 nM. The online SPD-LC-MS method has been used to determine GSNO levels in mouse samples, 138 ± 13.2 nM of endogenous GSNO was detected in ...
Density-functional theory molecular dynamics simulations of a-HfO2/a-SiO2/SiGe and a-HfO2/a-SiO2/Ge with a-SiO2 and a-SiO suboxide interfacial layers

Abstract Comprehensive Density-Functional Theory (DFT) Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations were performed to investigate interfaces between a-HfO2 and SiGe or Ge semiconductors with fully-stoichiometric a-SiO2 or sub-oxide SiO interlayers. The electronic structure of the selected stacks was calculated with a HSE06 hybrid functional. Simulations were performed before and after hydrogen passivation of residual interlayer defects. For the SiGe substrate with Ge termination prior to H passivation, the stacks with a-SiO suboxide interlayer (a-HfO2/a-SiO/SiGe) demonstrate superior electronic properties and wider band-gaps than the stacks with fully coordinated a-SiO2 interlayers (a-HfO2/a-SiO2/SiGe). After H passivation, most of the a-HfO2/a-SiO2/SiGe defects are passivated. To investigate effect of random placement of Si and Ge atoms additional simulations with a randomized SiGe slab were performed demonstrating improvement of electronic structure. For Ge substrates, before H passivation, the stacks with a SiO suboxide interlayer (a-HfO2/a-SiO/Ge) also demonstrate wider band-gaps than the stacks with fully coordinated a-SiO2 interlayers (a-HfO2/a-SiO2/Ge). However, even for a-HfO2/a-SiO/Ge, the Fermi level is shifted close to the conduction band edge (CBM) consistent with Fermi level pinning. Again, after H passivation, most of the a-HfO2/a-SiO2/Ge defects are passivated. The stacks with fully coordinated a-SiO2 interlayers have much stronger deformation and irregularity in the semiconductor (SiGe or Ge) upper layers leading to multiple under-coordinated atoms which create band-edge states and decrease the band-gap prior to H passivation.
Soil micromorphology and the anthropocene -Cross-scale connections and technology trends

El Antropoceno es un periodo de tiempo geologico que se ha propuesto para explicar la gran influencia que el ser humano esta teniendo en los sistemas medioambientales terrestres. Se trata de un termino controvertido debido a los problemas en establecer el comienzo de este periodo y a que se desconoce si algun rasgo diagnostico de esta era sobrevivira en el futuro dentro de millones de anos. No obstante, el Antropoceno ha llamado la atencion de numerosos cientificos y constituye un marco para el analisis de los impactos de la humanidad a gran escala. El objetivo de este trabajo es explorar como la micromorfologia de suelos puede contribuir a profundizar en el conocimiento del Antropoceno. Para ello se ha examinado de forma sistematica las conexiones entre los datos recogidos a escala micromorfologica y los datos obtenidos del perfil del suelo, del paisaje y a escalas globales. En particular, se ha prestado atencion a la produccion mundial de alimentos, el cambio climatico, la contaminacion del agua subterranea y la descomposicion de plasticos. De este analisis cruzado se deduce que la micromorfologia (1) contribuye a la comprension de las retroalimentaciones que operan en sistemas adaptativos complejos y (2) proporciona evidencias que de otra forma permanecerian invisibles para realizar inferencias sobre el cambio climatico. A medida que la huella humana se hace mas evidente, la micromorfologia de suelos, utilizando tecnologias tanto tradicionales como emergentes, puede representar una contribucion indispensable para comprender el Antropoceno.
Symposium Foreword - After the Sarbanes-Oxley Act: The Future of the Mandatory Disclosure System

The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, which Congress overwhelmingly passed, is proving to be the most important federal corporate governance and securities legislation in seventy years. The debate rages on over whether Sarbanes-Oxley's substantive requirements are good policy that will result in better corporate governance and corporate performance over the long haul. Whatever else one might think of Sarbanes-Oxley, though, a strong regulatory response from Congress was needed on the heels of Enron, WorldCom, and a collapsing stock market to boost investor confidence. Although portions of Sarbanes-Oxley received careful attention in their crafting, much of the legislation was drafted hastily and under intense political pressure. In the overall haste to get something done, Congress focused on specific aspects of corporate governance and the federal mandatory disclosure system and in many instances, simply called for more disclosure. What Congress did not have the time to do was study the mandatory disclosure system more comprehensively. This matters, because federal securities regulation is best understood as a complex system and not as a bunch of independent parts that can be tweaked or even overhauled on a one-off basis to create an effective regulatory regime. The goal of the symposium for which this foreword was written was to take a step in the direction of a comprehensive review of the mandatory disclosure system in the aftermath of Sarbanes-Oxley. The symposium focused on three key aspects of mandatory disclosure: (1) what should be disclosed and how; (2) how should compliance with the federal securities laws be ensured; and (3) should issuers have more choice among competing regulatory regimes. The symposium benefited from the written contributions of Jim Cox, Jonathan Macey, Kathleen Brickey, Kim Krawiec, Stephen Cutler, Hillary Sale, Murray Weidenbaum, Joel Seligman, and Troy Paredes. It is still to early to tell what the net impact of Sarbanes-Oxley will be. The true test of the legislation will not come until the markets and regulators become lax during the next bull market. The hope, though, is that by having routinized a host of new governance and disclosure practices, Sarbanes-Oxley will prevent a wave of scandal from spreading throughout the markets next time.
When Crimes Are Joined at Trial

In two experiments, subject-jurors read evidence from actual criminal cases, decided on the guilt of the defendant, and answered several additional questions. The defendant was accused of one charge (murder or rape) or two charges (both murder and rape). In both experiments, the defendant was more likely to be convicted of either crime if the two charges were joined in one trial. Trait ratings indicated that the defendant was perceived in a more negative way when standing trial on two offenses. The order in which the charges were heard had no effect, nor did instructions to subjects to judge the cases separately.
PW 1797 Digitizing data collection for roadside observational studies: the process and experience

The diversity of mobile-health (mHealth) applications has generated immense interest among researchers to test innovative ideas. To facilitate real time data collection in a roadside environment, mHealth tools were developed for population-level observational studies on three road safety risk factors: speed, helmet and seatbelt use. The digitization was employed to improve efficiency of the process through rapid aggregation and analysis, to enhance the quality of data through standardization, and to monitor adherence to protocols. The process involved: (1) selecting proper mobile data capture software application and a device; (2) setting up the server; (3) developing data collection forms; (4) deploying and pre-testing the forms; and (5) pilot-testing in the field. We selected KoBoToolbox software as it supports specific features of the data collection forms (capture of repeated vehicle-specific information). We use KoBoCollect app on Android tablets from where completed forms are sent to the secure cloud server. KoBoCollect forms were developed based on paper forms using XLM language. Digitizing has several advantages: KoBo supports data of all types (text, images, GPS); such features of the KoBo form as hints, constraints, required decrease the errors during data entry; XLM forms are easily customized and offer multilingual support; cloud server enables multi-location data collection; touch-screen Android tablets and simple KoBo app are easily adopted by users without special IT skills. mHealth-based apps enable access to ready-to-use data on hundreds-of-thousands of roadside observations in a short period of time. This eliminates the efforts of double data entry and data cleaning and thus proves to be cost-effective. On a larger scale, these benefits translate into improved quality and accuracy of data and overall efficiency of the process. This is especially important for the field of road safety where robust data essential for monitoring trends, developing effective interventions and assessing the progress, is required.
The Role of Reference Prices in the Lodging Industry: The Moderating Effect of an Individual’s Psychological State

The question of how customers use reference prices is a central issue in the lodging industry. This research examines the effect of one’s psychological state, namely sense of power, on the relative...
Internal Acoustic Canal Stenosis Due to Hyperostosis.

Background Exostoses and osteomas are benign, insidious lesions of the bone involving the internal acoustic canal (IAC). We present two cases of IAC exostoses managed with surgical decompression and review the clinical outcomes of previously reported cases in the literature. Methods A comprehensive search was conducted using PubMed Central, Web of Science Core Collection, and Google Scholar databases to identify previous reports of IAC exostoses and osteomas. A total of 26 reported cases were identified, and patient presenting symptoms, management strategies, and response to surgery was obtained when available. Results Of the 13 patients who underwent surgical decompression, 8 patients had resolution of vertigo symptoms, 10 patients had improvement of tinnitus symptoms, and all patients maintained some level of serviceable hearing. Conclusion IAC exostoses and osteomas are rare lesions that lead to insidious onset of debilitating symptoms from vestibulocochlear nerve dysfunction. Although the role of surgical decompression remains unclear, it appears that patients presenting with vertigo have more favorable response to surgical decompression as compared with those presenting with tinnitus and sensorineural hearing loss.
Iron‐Catalyzed Construction of 2‐Aminopyrimidines from Alkynenitriles and Cyanamides.

The first catalytic [2 + 2 + 2] cycloaddition to give aromatic diazaheterocycles is described.
Mitochondrial Function in 22q11 Deletion Syndrome.

Copy number variant disorders arise from altering the dosage of multiple contiguous genes. In this issue of Neuron, Fernandez et al. (2019) identify haploinsufficiency of mitochondrial Txnrd2 as an important contributor to the hypo-cortico-cortical connectivity of 22q11 deletion syndrome.
The synthesis and properties of new carbohydrate-modified mesoionic thiazolo[3,2-α]pyrimidine-5,7-dione acyclonucleosides

The synthesis of the first examples of Class II mesoionic thiazolopyrimidine acyclonucleosides (MTA) incorporating the 2,3-dihydroxypropyl moiety as the sugar simulator is described. First, 2-bromothiazole was reacted with excess 1-amino-2,3-propanediol acetonide via an aromatic nucleophilic substitution reaction to yield 1-(2-thiazolylamino)-2,3-propanediol acetonide. This acetonide intermediate was condensed at 160° with substituted bis(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl) malonic esters to form a series of protected acyclonucleosides termed anhydro-(8-((2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)methyl)-5-hydroxy-7-oxothiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimi-dinium hydroxides) which differ in their 6-position substituent. Deprotection of these acyclonucleosides using p-toluenesulfonic acid catalyst in methanol at 65° yielded the desired Class II MTA, anhydro-(8-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-5-hydroxy-7-oxothiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidinium hydroxides).
Gαq and the Phospholipase Cβ3 X-Y Linker Regulate Adsorption and Activity on Compressed Lipid Monolayers.

Phospholipase Cβ (PLCβ) enzymes are peripheral membrane proteins required for normal cardiovascular function. PLCβ hydrolyzes phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate, producing second messengers that...
Practices of Insulin Administration in CAPD

A review of protocols for the administration of insulin in diabetics during CAPD in the various Toronto hospitals and from two other centers outside Canada show that they are similar but not identi...
Joint Flocking and Deconfliction in Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Swarms

Flocking and deconfliction are two important functional aspects of swarms. Flocking in Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) swarms refers to UAVs flying in a pattern whereas deconfliction refers to collision avoidance. Flocking enables communications and information sharing among neighbors. This paper presents a distributed model and establishes the necessary control laws for joint flocking and deconfliction. The proposed model and control laws are developed based on the principles of consensus-building and social potential functions. Experiments with promising results are presented to support the derived model.
Neoliberal Organizational and Political-Legal Arrangements and Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the U.S. Electrical Energy Sector

An organizational political economy perspective is elaborated to explain greenhouse gas emissions in the high polluting U.S. electrical energy industry. The analysis includes an examination of neol...
Singular Linear Ordinary Differential Equations with Non-Zero Second Auxiliary Polynomial

A homogeneous linear ordinary differential equation is studied under the assumption that the coefficients are holomorphic and have asymptotic expansions in a sector of the complex plane. Asymptotic formulas are determined for that part of a basis which corresponds to a root of certain auxiliary polynomials. When the results are applied to a formally symmetric operator, a new situation turns up in which the number of integrable-square solutions for λ in the upper half-plane can differ by two or more from the number of integrable-square solutions for λ in the lower half-plane.
Reverse osmotic effect in active matter.

In nonequilibrium active matter systems, a spatial variation in activity can lead to a spatial variation in concentration of active particles satisfying, at steady state, the condition nU=const [Schnitzer, Phys. Rev. E 48, 2553 (1993)1063-651X10.1103/PhysRevE.48.2553; Tailleur and Cates, Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 218103 (2008)PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.100.218103], where n is the number density and U is the active (swim) speed. We show that this condition holds even when the variation is abrupt and when thermal Brownian motion is present provided that the Peclet number is large. This spatial variation in swim speed and concentration produces a fluid pressure distribution that drives a reverse osmotic flow-fluid flows from regions of high concentration to low.
Bedside Diagnostics for Infections: A Guide for Dermatologists

In dermatology, there are many bedside diagnostic tests that may aid in more rapid diagnosis and early initiation of appropriate therapy. When performed correctly, these bedside diagnostic tests can provide both sensitive and specific results. We discuss bedside diagnostic tests, such as the Tzanck smear, potassium hydroxide (KOH) preparation, and mineral oil preparation, with a specific focus on their use in diagnosing infectious dermatoses.
Antigen-specific induction of CD4+CD8αα+ intraepithelial T lymphocytes by Bacteroidetes species

Abstract The microbiome contributes to the development and maturation of the immune system1–3 In response to commensal bacteria, CD4+ T cells can differentiate into distinct functional subtypes with regulatory or effector functions along the intestine. Peripherally-induced Foxp3+-regulatory T cells (pTregs) maintain immune homeostasis at the intestinal mucosa by regulating effector T cell responses against dietary antigens and microbes4. Similarly to pTregs, a subset of small intestine intraepithelial lymphocytes CD4+CD8αα+ (CD4IELS) exhibit regulatory properties and promote tolerance against dietary antigens5. Development of CD4IELS from conventional CD4+ T cells or from Treg precursors depends on the microbiota5,6. However, the identity of the microbial antigens recognized by CD4IELs remains unknown. We identified species belonging to the Bacteroidetes phylum as commensal bacteria capable of generating CD4IEL from naive CD4+ T cells expressing the pTreg transnuclear (TN) monoclonal TCR6 as well as from polyclonal WT T cells. We found that β-hexosaminidase, a widely conserved carbohydrate-metabolizing enzyme in the Bacteroidetes phylum, is recognized by TN T cells, which share their TCR specificity with CD4+ T cells found in the intraepithelial compartment of polyclonal specific-pathogen-free (SPF) mice. In a mouse model of colitis, β-hexosaminidase-specific CD4IELs provided protection from ulceration of the colon and weight loss. Thus, a single T cell clone can recognize a variety of abundant commensal bacteria and elicit a regulatory immune response at the intestinal epithelial surface.
Virgen, monarquía y predicador en Patrocinio de María Santísima de Juan Millán de Poblete

An analytical overview of the textual and paratextual elements of Patrocinio de Maria Santisima is presented, this sermon was written and preached by Juan Millan de Poblete in the city of Mexico in 1693. Therefore, this research adopts a Philological approach. The study starts from the premise that this text constitutes an example of the homiletics produced in New Spain at the end of the seventeenth century. This research pays particular attention to the role that Mariology plays within the text and how this Mariology is combined with motifs that enhance the importance of the Spanish monarchy, the Spanish authorities and the subjects of the Spanish King. The text highlights the supposed saving mission of Spaniards, new God’s chosen people, to spread the gospel. Lastly, this paper dives on the theotokos, Mary’s function of mediator between God and the human family, her role of helper of the Christians and her connection to the imperial theology.
Aging Like Struldbruggs, Dorian Gray or Peter Pan

The first longevity revolution led to lifespan extension. The next revolution will extend healthspan through the development of aging therapeutics. A new study describes the economic impact of success and how these interventions will work by analysing various scenarios labeled after characters from popular literature.
Kinematic contribution and synchronization of the trunk, hip, and knee during free-dynamic lifting

Although there have been numerous studies evaluating the difference between stooped and squat lifting styles, there remains a lack of understanding of whole body kinematics during unrestricted lifting. The current study evaluated nine males and nine females while lifting two box weights (9.1 kg, 18.2 kg) from five origins below the waist (0, 19, 38, 57, and 76 cm above the floor) and from three task asymmetries (sagittally symmetric, 45 ◦ clockwise, 45 ◦ counter-clockwise). While the lifting style was significantly influenced by the height of lift origin and to a lesser extent gender, box weight, and task asymmetry, none of the conditions resulted in pure squat or stoop lifting style. However, for lifts above knee height, the lifting style resembled more of a stoop lift while lifts originating below knee height were more of a squat lift. As the origin moved closer to the floor, participants relied more on their hips to accomplish the sagittal flexion but overall adopted a more coordinated whole-body lifting style. All together, as more sagittal flexion is required, more joints are relied upon in a more coordinated effort. The current study indicates that caution needs to be exercised when applying results of pure squat or pure stoop lifting studies to free-style (realistic) lifting.
The trajectory planning and tracking of redundant manipulators by a hierarchical neurocontroller

A hierarchical neurocontroller architecture, which comprises two artificial neural network (ANN) systems for inversion kinematics solution and motion control of robotic redundant manipulators is presented. The solution of inverse kinematics is realized by a Hopfield network, in which the global planning of a collision-free trajectory is based on the potential functions using the necessary conditions of minimum for an integral type criterion. A direct servo-level controller is utilized by a multilayer feedforward network based on backpropagation algorithm, in which the computed torque technique is employed to control manipulator's joints to track the trajectory. The stability of the both sub-controllers is analyzed. Another major contribution of this paper is to provide an approach for the most difficult problem in using neurocontroller-how to efficiently train the designed ANNs.
Long-term follow-up of laparoscopic transcutaneous inguinal herniorraphy with high transfixation suture ligature of the hernia sac.

Abstract Background Laparoscopic transcutaneous inguinal hernia repair in children may reduce postoperative pain, improve cosmesis, allow for less manipulation of the cord structures, and offer easy access to the contralateral groin. However, there is concern for unacceptably high recurrence rates when the procedure is generalized. To address this increase in recurrence, in 2011 we described in this journal a modification of the laparoscopic transcutaneous technique that replicates high transfixation ligature of the hernia sac with the aim of inducing more secure healing, preventing suture slippage, and distributing tension across two suture passes. We now describe our long-term follow-up of this novel repair. Methods After obtaining IRB approval, a retrospective chart review and phone follow-up were performed on all patients who underwent laparoscopic transfixation ligature hernia repair between October 2009 and August 2014 (including further follow-up of the 21 patients reviewed in the 2011 report of this technique). Data collection included demographics, laterality of hernia, evidence of recurrence, complications, and time to follow-up. Results Median follow-up was 24 months (range 2–52 months). Three pediatric surgeons performed 216 laparoscopic transfixation ligature repairs on 166 patients. Demographics: mean age 29.5 months (range 1–192 months); male 67.2% and female 32.8%; 4.2% of patients were premature at operation. Repairs were bilateral in 42% of patients, right sided in 34%, and left sided in 24%. Three patients together experienced 4 recurrences, for an overall recurrence rate of 1.8%. Two of the recurrences occurred in a 2-month old syndromic patient with severe congenital heart disease who recurred twice after laparoscopic transfixation ligature repair then subsequently failed an attempt at open repair. Excluding this one outlier patient, the recurrence rate was 0.9%. The complication rate was 1.7% (3 hydroceles and 1 inguinal hematoma; all resolved spontaneously). Conclusion Laparoscopic high transfixation ligature hernia repair can be adopted by surgeons with basic laparoscopic skills, and result in excellent outcomes with acceptable recurrence rates.
Characterization of whole body compositional growth of male ducks during the twenty-nine day post-hatch period

Schinckel, A. P., Einstein, M. E., Ajuwon, K. M. and Adeola, O. 2013. Characterization of whole body compositional growth of male ducks during the twenty-nine day post-hatch period. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 93: 113–122. Changes in whole body dry matter, lipid, ash, energy, crude protein, and amino acids were evaluated during a 29 d post-hatch period in White Pekin ducks. Drakes were assigned to slaughter 1, 8, 15, 22, or 29 d post-hatch with four replicates of four ducks per slaughter period. The body weight (BW) data were fitted to the Weibull function with the form: where BWit is the BW of the ith duck at t days of age and A, B, C, and IP are parameters. The value of IP, the inflection point, which minimized the residual SD, was 40 d. Values of A (8591 g, SE=190), B (42.87, SE=11.5), and C (1.7399, SE=0.050) resulted in an R 2 of 0.9836 and residual SD of 83.7 g. Allometric (Y=A BWB), linear-quadratic and exponential (Y=exp (b0+b1BW+b2 (BW)2) functions of BW were fitted to the chemical component and amino aci...
Observation Units in the Management of Acute Heart Failure Syndromes

Observation units (OUs) for acute heart failure syndromes (AHFS) have proven to be effective in reducing heart failure admissions and may reduce costs. Goals for risk-stratifying patients with AHFS in OUs include determining patients suitable for OU management and determining end points of treatment. Although many provider models and settings exist, management algorithms common to most OUs include monitoring/nursing care, diagnostic procedures, therapy, and educational/social services. The focus of OU management involves an assessment of the factors that led to the decompensation and identification of the predominant clinical features such as hypertension and congestion. Acute therapy still leans heavily on symptom relief with diuretics and nitroglycerin. For newly diagnosed patients, initiation of guideline-recommended therapies like angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers and β-blockers is an integral part of OU protocols. Patient education and coordination of outpatient care continues to be paramount in preventing early readmission in this patient population.
Changes in vegetation structure and composition in response to fuel reduction treatments in the South Carolina Piedmont

Abstract Fuel reduction treatments are helpful to restore ecosystem structure and function to forests that historically sustained frequent, low-intensity fires. But the impacts of these treatments on Piedmont forests are not well understood. We examined the effects of prescribed burning, thinning, and a combination of burning and thinning on community composition of Pinus taeda/Pinus echinata forests in the South Carolina Piedmont to identify changes in community structure and species composition. Overstory basal area was reduced across all treatments. The combination of thinning and burning resulted in a substantial increase in sapling density, whereas the burn-only decreased slightly after 3 years. Seedling density for all tree species increased across all treatment units during the same time span. In addition, cover of grasses and forbs increased in the burn-only and thin + burn treatments. Treatments appeared to affect understory life forms differently with the burn-only treatment encouraging forb cover while the thin + burn treatment promoted shrub and graminoid abundance. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMS) indicated rapid changes in understory composition for the burn-only and thin + burn treatments, whereas the thin-only treatment showed a more gradual shift over time.
The world and image of poetic language: Heidegger and Blanchot

This essay engages ways in which the manifestation of ‘world’ occurs in poetry specifically through images, and how we can conceive of the imagination in this regard without reducing the imagination to a mimetic faculty of consciousness subordinate to cognition. Continental thought in the last century offers rich resources for this study. The notion of a ‘world’ is related to the poetic image in ways fundamental to the Heidegger’s theory of language, and may be seen in Continental poetics following Heidegger, including Blanchot’s examination of poetry in his account of the space of literature. By means of images, I shall demonstrate, poetic language is exemplary in relation to ‘world’ in two ways. (1) Images, poetically arranged, generate and open up a sense or experience of a world, specific to that poem, for its reader. Poetic images then, exhibit a generative evocation of world. (2) Through images, a poem may evoke the way in which space and time are inhabited as a world of human dwelling in an ontologically or existentially meaningful way. The relation of images to world is, then, an illumination or a disclosure of world. The first of these relations remains, to a large extent, immanent to the poem, but may be seen as an analogue of the essentially human experience of inhabiting a world. The second relation transcends the poem and relates the poem immediately to the existential framework of human dwelling.
Retransplantation for recurrent hepatitis C

Recurrence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) after orthotopic liver transplant (OLT) may be mild or may lead to progressive liver disease requiring retransplantation (re-OLT). Results of re-OLT for hepatitis C are not well known. We analyzed outcomes in 14 patients retransplanted for recurrent hepatitis C. All had evidence of recurrent hepatitis on multiple biopsies. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed in blood or tissue samples from 12 patients when recurrence was suspected; all 12 were positive for HCV-RNA. Explants showed chronic hepatitis with bridging necrosis in 3 patients, hepatitis with transition to cirrhosis in 2, hepatitis and cirrhosis in 3, and cirrhosis alone in 2. In 2 patients, in whom immunosuppression had been withheld for 4 to 6 weeks, there was also evidence of chronic rejection. Four died of sepsis perioperatively (median, 32.5 days; range, 9-59); pre-OLT, 3 of 4 had renal failure, and 1 had fever with no obvious source of infection. Ten patients did well early after OLT and were discharged. One patient was readmitted 6 weeks after discharge and died of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection 127 days after re-OLT. One patient with concomitant vanishing bile duct syndrome, probably due to chronic rejection, developed recurrent hepatitis and died of progressive liver failure 161 days after re-OLT. Eight patients are well at a median of 926 days (range, 315-1930) after re-OLT. Three have evidence of mild recurrent hepatitis on liver biopsy, one is overweight with severe steatosis on biopsy, and four have no evidence of recurrent hepatitis. Retransplantation for hepatitis C should be considered a viable option for patients who develop end-stage hepatic dysfunction secondary to recurrent disease and should be performed before development of infectious complications and renal insufficiency.
Monte Carlo simulation of the unwinding of cholesteric twist

The unwinding of cholesteric twist has been observed in liquid-crystalline DNA near the cholesteric-hexagonal columnar phase boundary. Disclination lines are seen to bound regions of different total twist. A Monte Carlo simulation, applying a molecular statistical model for the cholesteric phase, is used to model this unwinding and the disclination lines. We find disclination lines corresponding to edge \ensuremath{\chi} lines. We also find evidence for \ensuremath{\lambda}\ensuremath{\tau} pairs. These results are in agreement with expectations from phenomenological Landau\char21{}de Gennes theory and homotopy. Furthermore, the results obtained can be used to describe the terraced morphology observed in the DNA system.
A prospective comparison of the jejunoileal and gastric bypass operations for morbid obesity.

A prospective, randomized clinical trial has been conducted in 38 morbidly obese patients to compare jejunoileal bypass (19 patients) with gastric bypass (19 patients). At this point the patients have been followed up for periods of from 1 month to 2 years, and 12 patients in each surgical group have been observed for 6 months or longer after operation. There was one death among the 38 patients, a woman with a gastric bypass who developed a pulmonary embolus 22 days postoperatively. Gastric bypass resulted in somewhat greater weight loss than jejunoileal bypass. Although the follow-up period has been short, jejunoileal bypass has resulted in greater morbidity and expense to the patient than gastric bypass. In particular, gastric bypass did not cause progression of liver lesions in any of the 6 patients who had liver biopsies 1 year postoperatively, while jejunoileal bypass was associated with development of fatty metamorphosis in the liver of 3 patients after 1 year. The entry of new patients into the clinical trial has been discontinued because we believe there is sufficient evidence to indicate that gastric bypass is superior to jejunoileal bypass in the treatment of morbid obesity.
An examination of the value of the generation effect for learning new material.

The generation effect involves an improvement in memory when learners must complete or modify materials. Several researchers have suggested that this effect involves enhanced access to learners' existing memory representations; therefore, the effect should be less effective with meaningless, low meaningful, or unfamiliar material. In the present study, the authors conducted 4 experiments in which legal nonwords were used, and they found no generation effect. In another 2 experiments in which familiar cliches were contrasted with new sentences and with unfamiliar sentences from textbooks, the results showed a greatly reduced generation effect for the new, unfamiliar material. Those findings suggest that memory strategies that depend on the generation effect will have limited effectiveness when they are applied to new or unfamiliar material.
ENDOTOXAEMIA, PULMONARY COMPLICATIONS, AND THROMBOCYTOPENIA IN LIVER TRANSPLANTATION

Plasma endotoxin was measured in 64 patients undergoing primary liver replacement. Endotoxin concentrations increased during the anhepatic phase of the operations, and remained high for several days. Although the severity of endotoxaemia did not correlate with duration of the anhepatic phase, there was a correlation between endotoxaemia and the need for perioperative platelet transfusions, ventilator dependency postoperatively, and one-month case-fatality.
Collisional relaxation of the Kr(4p 5 5p) states in He, Ne, and Kr

Metastable excited rare gas atoms are currently being considered for use in optically pumped laser systems. Understanding the collisional relaxation kinetics of the relevant excited states is of central importance for this application. In the present study, collisional deactivation rate constants for excited states of Kr(4p 5 5p) atoms colliding with ground state rare gas atoms Rg (=He, Ne, and Kr) have been determined from time- and wavelengthresolved fluorescence measurements. Metastable Kr(4p 5 5s) atoms were generated using a pulsed electrical discharge. A pulsed laser was then used to excited transitions states that correlated with the Kr(4p 5 5p) configuration. Total removal rate constants and intramultiplet state-to-state energy transfer rate constants were derived from the wavelength- and time-resolved fluorescence data by computational modeling. The data were simulated by fitting to numerical solutions of a set of coupled differential equations describing the full set of collisional transfer processes. The results indicate that Kr(4p 5 5p) + He and Kr(4p 5 5p) + Ne mixtures are suitable for use in optically pumped lasers.
Electrically induced changes in Ca2+ in Helisoma neurons: Regional and neuron‐specific differences and implications for neurite outgrowth

The present experiments addressed the questions of how electrical stimulation influenced the magnitude, time course, and regional levels of free intracellular calcium of different identified neurons. The calcium concentration in the growth cones, neurites and cell bodies of Helisoma buccal neurons B4 and B19 was measured while somata were electrically stimulated via an intracellular electrode. The findings showed that calcium levels in B4 and B19 increased monotonically with increasing stimulation frequency. However, the range of calcium levels evoked by electrical stimulation differed significantly for each type of neuron. The greater increase in calcium concentration in B4 was correlated with its longer duration action potential compared to B19. The increase in calcium concentration was much smaller in the cell bodies than in the growth cones and neurites. Extending the duration of the B19 action potential produced a sixfold increase in the change in calcium concentration at 2 Hz stimulation. Under conditions where the electrical stimulation produced a calcium concentration of < 160 nM, the elevated level of free intracellular calcium remained constant. When calcium concentration increased above 200 nM in both identified neurons, an initial peak concentration was followed by a decline to a lower concentration suggesting increased calcium buffering occurring above 200 nM. By correlating the calcium concentration data herein with growth data from a previous study, we suggest that specific calcium levels that influence neurite outgrowth may differ widely between neurons.
Cross-modal matching of objects and photographs in the monkey☆

Abstract Cross-modal perception is the capacity to abstract and exchange information between different sense modalities. One rhesus monkey matched a photograph to one of two objects he could feel but not see, while a second monkey matched an object to one of two photographs. Their accuracy with novel stimuli was comparable to that previously reported for chimpanzees. Differences between cross-modal matching and recognition paradigms are discussed.
Therapeutic Plasmapheresis in Treatment of Patients with Waldenström's Macroglobulinemia

The value of therapeutic plasmapheresis in effecting rapid lowering of serum globulins and viscosity in patients with Waldenstrom’s macroglobulinemia has been reaffirmed. Three patients treated in this manner experienced biochemical improvement and two showed striking clinical improvement, manifested as cessation of bleeding and improvement in retinopathy. .AMONG the many complications suffered by patients with Waldenstriim’s macroglobulinemia are those related to increased blood viscosity.16 These include vascular stasis, retinopathy, and a bleeding disorder due to acquired functional thrombopathy.4 The latter is considered due to coating of platelets by macroglobulin, rendering them incapable of participating normally in the coagulation process.11 Plasmapheresis, a procedure well within the capability of the medium-sized laboratory, can reduce viscosi ty rapidly by lowering serum macroglobulin levels and, as a result, alleviate related symptoms. The three patients reported below exemplify the usefulness of this form of treatment.
Epidemiology of prostatic cancer in blacks.

Abstract Black prostatic cancer incidence and mortality rates have increased significantly in the past 50 years and, since 1945, these rates have exceeded those in whites with the black/white ratios continuing to increase significantly. A cohort effect for blacks has been noted with a leveling off since 1950 of the age-specific mortality rates for those under 65 years of age, suggesting an “environmental” factor in prostatic cancer etiology. Few urban/rural differences, if any, in mortality rates have been noted. Although the association of prostatic status and educational attainment is tenuous for whites, no comparable data for blacks have been noted. Because little is known about the occupational and other environmental exposures associated with prostatic cancer among blacks and the relationship of benign prostatic hypertrophy (BHP) to prostatic cancer remains debatable, the significance of higher rates of BHP among blacks remains unclear. Epidemiologic studies of etiologic hypotheses among whites are few in number and virtually nonexistent for blacks, particularly with respect to black/white contrasts in the same geographic settings. Some evidence for sexual and venereal hypotheses exist, but evidence for hormonal and dietary hypotheses seems more compelling. Research in these areas is highly warranted.
“Peacekeeping” as Occupation: Managing the Market for Violent Labor in Somalia

As the “war on terror” expands across the African continent, multilateral institutions assume key roles in the deployment of newly militarized sociopolitical formations to physically and militarily occupy ‘ungoverned’ spaces. Focusing on the African Union Peacekeeping Operation in Somalia (AMISOM), this article explores the everyday legitimating work required to operationalize the demand for reserve armies, offering insights into the relationship between transnational governance, political economy, and the making of security states.
Can quasi-saturation in the output characteristics of short-channel graphene field-effect transistors be engineered?

To summarize, we propose that quasi-saturation in short-channel GFET output characteristics can be effectively engineered by doping in the drain-underlap region and show using self-consistent NEGF simulations that a ∼0.2% p-type doping can enhance output resistance by 13× and intrinsic gain by 4× in 20 nm gate-length GFETs
The effects of systematic human relations training on freshman dental students.

Training of dental students in communication skills via a systematic human relations model can help improve empathy and communication between dentist and patient. A model for teaching dental students communication skills is presented. The instructional procedures used in the program and the effects of training are also described. Pretest and posttest communication instruments and a ten-factor course evaluation questionnaire were given to the 35 students participating in the program.
A decomposition of the paraelectric spectrum of KBr:Li+ using hydrostatic pressure

Abstract We report paraelectric resonance absorption measurements on KBr:Li + as a function of hydrostatic pressure for frequencies in the range 50– 220 GHz. The lines of the spectra separate into two distinct groups. In one case the zero field splittings increase rapidly with pressure (approx. 0.2 GHz/bar) while the effective electric dipole moment decreases rapidly. For the other, the zero field splittings increase 3–4 times more slowly and the dipole moments appear to be converging to a non zero value. Suprisingly, one of the effective dipole moments is increasing with pressure.
A note of caution regarding anthropomorphism in HCI agents

Universal usability is an important component of HCI, particularly as companies promote their products in increasingly global markets to users with diverse cultural backgrounds. Successful anthropomorphic agents must have appropriate computer etiquette and nonverbal communication patterns. Because there are differences in etiquette, tone, formality, and colloquialisms across different user populations, it is unlikely that a generic anthropomorphic agent would be universally appealing. Additionally, because anthropomorphic characters are depicted as capable of human reasoning and possessing human motivations, users may ascribe undue trust in these agents. Trust is a complex construct that exerts an important role in a user's interactions with an interface or system. Feelings and perceptions about an anthropomorphic agent may impact the construction of a mental model about a system, which may lead to inappropriate calibrations of automation trust that is based on an emotional connection with the anthropomorphic agent rather than on actual system performance.
Geospatial analysis of hospital consumer assessment of healthcare providers and systems pain management experience scores in U.S. hospitals.

Abstract Although prior work has investigated the interplay between demographic and intrasurvey correlations of Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (HCAHPS) scores, these prior studies have not included geospatial analyses, or analyses that take into account location effects. Here, we report the results of a geospatial analysis (not equivalent to simple geographical analysis) of patient experience scores pertaining to pain. HCAHPS data collected in 2011 were examined to test the hypothesis that HCAHPS patient experience with pain management (PEPM) scores were geospatially distributed throughout the United States using Moran’s Index, which measures the association between PEPM scores and hospital location. After limiting the dataset to hospitals in the continental United States with nonzero HCAHPS response rates, 3645 hospitals were included in the analyses. “Always” responses were geospatially clustered amongst the analyzed hospitals. Clustering was significant in all distances tested from 10 to 5000 km (P
Engineering approaches to energy balance and obesity: opportunities for novel collaborations and research: report of a joint national science foundation and national institutes of health workshop.

Energy balance disorders account for a large public health burden. The obesity epidemic in particular is one of the most rapidly evolving public health problems of our day. At present, two-thirds of American adults and one-sixth of American children and adolescents are considered either overweight or obese. Public health concern about obesity is high because of the increased risk and increased mortality of cardiovascular disease, Type 2 diabetes, many forms of cancer, gallbladder disease, and osteoarthritis. These risks increase with the severity of the obesity. Excess adipose tissue, representing fat storage, ultimately derives from an imbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure. Conversely, undesirable and inadvertent loss of body weight and muscle mass, as seen in aging and cachectic states of chronic diseases such as heart failure and cancer, have serious clinical and functional consequences without satisfactory clinical or behavioral solutions. Innovative engineering technologies could help to address unresolved problems in energy balance, intake, and expenditure. Novel sensors, devices, imaging technologies, nanotechnologies, biomaterials, technologies to detect biochemical markers of energy balance, mathematical modeling, systems biology, and other approaches could be developed, evaluated, and leveraged through multidisciplinary collaborations. Engineers, physical scientists, and mathematicians can work with scientists from other relevant disciplines who possess expertise in obesity and nutrition. Furthermore, the possibility of re-engineering the “built environment” to encourage higher levels of physical activity has been suggested as another promising and important approach to which engineers can contribute (see http://www.obesityresearch.nih.gov). Ultimately, systematic application of the “Engineering Approach” can help in developing the needed technologies and tools to facilitate research and eventually support therapeutic advances and behavioral change. This article summarizes important public health concerns related to disordered energy balance and describes research priorities identified at a recent National Science Foundation-National Institutes of Health workshop. Research funding opportunities are described as posted on the NIH Guide to Grants and Contracts (see http://www.nih.gov/grants/guide).