cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Identification of Abnormalities in Head Computerized Tomography Scans

Stroke and traumatic brain injuries are both leading causes of death and long-term disability globally [1]. Early detection of abnormalities in head computerized tomography (CT) scans reduces patient risk of serious medical complications from brain injuries such as hemorrhagic stroke and cranial fractures [2]. A machine learning algorithm trained to autonomously identify and classify head CT scan irregularities has the potential to decrease detection time of such anomalies and allow for quicker, more effective treatment.
In silico identification and in vitro evaluation of a protein-protein interaction inhibitor of Escherichia coli fatty acid biosynthesis.

To combat the rise in antibiotic resistance, new targets must be identified and probes against them developed. Protein-protein interactions (PPI) of bacterial type II fatty acid biosynthesis (FAS-II) represent an untapped, yet rich area for new antibiotic discovery. Here, we present a computational and in vitro workflow for the discovery of new inhibitors of PPI in Escherichia coli FAS-II. As part of this study, we identified suramin, an existing treatment for African sleeping sickness, to effectively block the interaction of E. coli dehydratase FabA and the acyl carrier protein EcACP, with an IC50 = 85 μΜ. This finding validates a workflow that combines in silico screening with in vitro PPI assays to identify probes appropriate for further optimization.
Defining optimal adjuvant treatment for high-risk early-stage endometrial cancer

Objectives: There is a paucity of data to determine the optimal adjuvant treatment of early-stage, high-risk endometrial histologies. While many retrospective series focus on uterine serous cancer, the optimal treament for other high risk subtypes, including G3 endometrioid cancer, clear cell carcinoma or carcinosarcoma is not yet clear. We sought to determine patterns and outcomes of adjuvant treatment for early-stage high-risk endometrial cancers of multiple histologic subtypes. Methods: After Institutional Review Board approval, a retrospective review of patients at Montefiore Medical Center diagnosed with early stage high-risk endometrial cancer between 2006 and 2018 was conducted. Inclusion criteria included: 1) Stage I-II disease 2) Grade 3 endometrioid, carcinosarcoma, clear cell, serous, or mixed histologies. Demographic and clinical information pertaining to cancer treatment was collected. The primary outcome was recurrence-free survival. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed and a Kaplan-Meier progression free survival curve was created using STATA 14.2. P-value Results: A total of 1208 patients with endometrial cancer were identified, 249 of which met inclusion criteria. Sixty-percent (149) of patients had serous, clear cell, or mixed histologies, 17% (43) had carcinosarcoma, 23% (57) had Grade 3 endometrioid histology. Most patients received adjuvant combination chemoradiotherapy (52%, N=131) whereas 20% (49) received radiation alone (brachytherapy or external beam), 7% (18) received chemotherapy alone, and 20% (50) received no adjuvant treatment. Of the 48 (19%) disease recurrences, 25 (45%) were distant metastases at the time of recurrence. Combined chemoradiotherapy was associated with increased recurrence-free survival compared with chemotherapy alone (p=0.026) or radiation alone (p=0.004). Compared to G3 endometrioid histology, the hazard ratios for recurrence were: 3.70 (CI 1.31-10.41, p=0.01) for serous histology, 1.37 (CI 0.15-12.21, p=0.78) for clear cell, 9.70 (CI 3.22-29.16, p Download : Download high-res image (128KB) Download : Download full-size image Conclusions: Multimodal treatment with chemotherapy and radiation therapy is associated with increased recurrence free survival in patients with high-risk early-stage endometrial cancers, in comparison to radiation or chemotherapy alone after surgical staging. Histologic subtype, comorbid conditions, and age all significantly impact survival. Notably, recurrence in clear cell tumors were not significantly impacted by adjuvant treatment with chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Randomized trials are needed to determine the optimal treatment of high-risk histologic subtypes.
Tumor in the Medial Thigh

The adductor group of muscles consists of three layers: the superficial layer, including the pectineus, adductor longus, and gracilis; the middle layer, consisting of the adductor brevis; and the posterior layer, consisting of the adductor magnus. These muscles are supplied mainly by the obturator nerve, which forms in the substance of the psoas muscle from L2, L3, and L4 roots, emerges from the medial border of this muscle, and courses behind the common iliac vessels. The obturator nerve then proceeds lateral to the internal iliac vessels on the side of the true pelvis. On the surface of the obturator internus muscle, the obturator nerve runs anterior to the obturator vessels and then courses through the obturator canal, anteriorly located between the anterior pubic ramus and the membrane occluding the obturator opening. It then divides into an anterior division, coursing in front of the adductor brevis, and a posterior division, coursing behind it. The pectineus muscle, however, is innervated by a branch from the femoral nerve that courses behind the common femoral vessels. This muscle occasionally is also supplied by an accessory obturator nerve. The ischiocondylar portion of the adductor magnus is supplied by the sciatic nerve (tibial division). Sensory function for a small area of the medial thigh is supplied by a branch of the obturator nerve.
Adaptive control of waveguide modes in a few-mode fiber network

ABSTRACT We experimentally demonstrate adaptive control of linearly polarized (LP) modes based on a fiber Bragg grating (FBG), where feedback for the adaptive algorithm is provided by the optical signal transmitted through and reflected by the FBG. In this approach, by maximizing the ratio of optical power transmitted and reflected by the FBG, we can selectively excite the LP 01 and the LP 11 modes at an optical wavelength associat ed with the appropriate FBG reflection peak. Combining this method with time-division-multiplexing, it should be possible to adaptively control guided modes at any desired location within a multimode fiber network. Keywords: Adaptive optics, mode control, few mode fiber, fiber Bragg grating 1. INTRODUCTION Traditionally, single mode fiber (SMF) are highly preferred fo r important applications such as optical commination and sensing. However, with recent developm ent of mode-division-multiplexing (MDM), there has been renewed interest in multimode fibers (MMFs). For example, in MDM, different linearly polarized (LP) modes in few mode fibers (FMFs) have been utilized as a multiplexing parameter to increase the information capacity of optical communications
Neuroscience, ethics and legal responsibility: the problem of the insanity defense. Commentary on "The ethics of neuroscience and the neuroscience of ethics: a phenomenological-existential approach".

The insanity defense presents many difficult questions for the legal system. It attracts attention beyond its practical significance (it is seldom used successfully) because it goes to the heart of the concept of legal responsibility. “Not guilty by reason of insanity” generally requires that as a result of mental illness the defendant was unable to distinguish right from wrong at the time of the crime. The many difficult and complex questions presented by the insanity defense have led some in the legal community to hope that neuroscience might help resolve some of these problems, but that hope is not likely to be realized.
The correctional ideology of prison chaplains

Abstract Since the inception of the penitentiary, prison chaplains have been an integral part of the correctional enterprise and identified with fostering offender reformation. This image of the kindly chaplain ministering to the spiritual needs of inmates, however, can be juxtaposed with the view that prisons are dehumanizing and invariably inculcate custodial sentiments among those who work within their walls. In this context, this study used a national survey to examine the correctional orientation of prison chaplains, with a special focus on the level and sources of support for rehabilitation and punishment. The results reveal that chaplains support incapacitation as the primary goal of prisons but also express high levels of support for rehabilitation. Chaplains' attitudes are influenced by their religious beliefs, the characteristics of the work environment, and age. Implications of the findings are discussed in light of the individual experiences/importation and work role/prisonization models.
The Binding of Indole Compounds to Bovine Plasma Albumin EFFECTS OF POTASSIUM CHLORIDE, UREA, DIOXANE, AND GLYCINE

Abstract By the use of a rapid dialysis equilibrium technique, the binding of skatole and acetyl-l-tryptophan with bovine albumin has been studied at various concentrations of KCl, dioxane, urea, and glycine, at different pH values, and at different temperatures. Binding was found to be principally at one site with an association constant much higher than at any secondary sites. The primary association constant, k'1, for skatole at pH 6.3, 0.1 m KCl, was 4.2 x 105 m-1 (4°) and 1.9 x 105 m-1 (18°); for acetyl-l-tryptophan at the same conditions, k'1 was 3.5 x 105 m-1 (4°) and 1.8 x 105 m-1 (18°). A decrease in KCl concentration from 0.1 to 0 decreased k'1 for skatole to a value 1/12 and 1/15 that in 0.1 m KCl. A decrease in KCl concentration from 0.1 to 0.002 m, on the other hand, increased k'1 for acetyl-l-tryptophan approximately 3-fold. Chloride was a competitive inhibitor of acetyl-l-tryptophan. The addition of either dioxane or urea reduced k'1 for skatole and acetyl-l-tryptophan, whereas the addition of glycine had no effect on k'1. When added to urea solutions, glycine increased k'1. The activity coefficient of skatole, γ, in urea, dioxane, or glycine-water mixtures and urea-glycine-water mixtures was determined by solubility measurements. The changes in k'1 for skatole in dioxane at all concentrations studied and in urea up to 2 m could be approximately reconciled by the assignment 1/γ2 for the ratio of the activity coefficients of the protein-skatole complex and the unassociated protein. The similarities in the effects of dioxane and urea (up to 2 m) on the association of the ligand have been taken to indicate that the primary influence of these solutes is on the apolar surfaces of the associating molecules. At approximately 4 m urea, k'1 became larger at 18° than at 4°, resulting in a crossing over of the temperature curves of k'1 plotted as a function of urea concentration. Thermodynamic changes for the association were also estimated. Under the same conditions, ΔS° was 5 to 15 calories per mol degree more negative for skatole than for acetyl-l-tryptophan. ΔS° increased markedly at urea concentrations above 2 m urea and also increased, but at a somewhat slower rate, as KCl concentrations were reduced from 0.1 to 0.002 m. The pH binding profiles of the indole ligands show a sharp change in binding at the position of the N-F transition, and also a change in binding between pH 7.5 and 9.5 consistent with a simple ionization process on the protein. The fatty acid content of several albumin preparations was determined, and the binding of the indole compounds was found to decrease in the presence of fatty acid. A molecular weight of 64,300 ± 300 was obtained for bovine albumin on the basis of a 1:1 stoichiometric relationship of the primary site ligand and albumin.
A Coalescent-Based Approach for Complex Disease Mapping

There is currently great interest in the genetics community in identifying the genes that are involved in complex (multifactorial) diseases. One standard approach uses family-based ”linkage” methods to identify regions of the genome that harbor susceptibility genes, and then population-based ”linkage-disequilibrium” (LD) methods to search more narrowly for the culprit genes. Many of the important statistical issues involved in the first phase of this process, linkage mapping, have been addressed, but data analysis for LD-mapping remains extremely challenging. In this article we describe our work on developing a full statistical framework for LD mapping based on a population genetics model known as the coalescent.
The Promise of Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy in a New Era of Oncology

The fusion of state-of-the-art tumor imaging with precision radiation treatment delivery systems provides the technical platform from which stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) has arisen. SBR
A remote deep sleep monitoring system based on a single channel for in-home insomnia diagnosis

An efficient insomnia diagnosis and treatment requires the analysis of sleep stages and patterns in the vital signals and clinical face-to-face consultations. The measured signals are collected from different locations on the head and the body and used to evaluate the sleep quality and quantity. Generally, these measurements require spending several days of monitoring at sleep centers. However, the first night effect may cause perturbations to the control subjects and contrary to insomnia subjects who may sleep better because of the change of the sleep environment. Therefore, there is a great interest in developing non-invasive ambulatory physiological insomnia monitoring devices for in-home use. It has been shown in previous studies that the sleep quality can be evaluated based on the quantity of length of deep sleep particularly the slow wave sleep (SWS) periods. The aim of this paper is to present a new method to evaluate the deep sleep epochs using a single electrooculogram channel and to collect remotely the subjective data through sleep diaries.
Computing the Lagrangians of the standard model

Ordinary quantum logic has well known pathologies rendering it useless for the purposes of computation. However, loosely related logics, based upon variants of Girard's Linear Logic, have been found useful in the context of quantum computation. In one sense, the use of such computational schemes affords a meta level view of the possible provenance of certain expressions not otherwise apparent. Since such logics are presumed to encapsulate the essential behavior of quantum "resources" we may entertain the question as to whether this logical or computational approach could have any bearing upon quantum physics itself. In this article we address the question of the genesis of certain fundamental Lagrangians, namely those occurring in the standard model. If a certain set of sentences in a logic are added to the set of axioms of the logic the resulting structure is generally called a theory by logicians. In this paper we shall introduce a version of such a logic and deduce some of its physical ramifications. Namely, we will show that there is a single type of sequent that, when added to the logical calculus at hand as an axiom, generates in the theory so defined, series whose leading terms match exactly the Yang-Mills Lagrangian density (including a gauge fixing term) and also the Einstein-Hilbert Lagrangian density, most of the remaining terms being negligible at low intensities in both cases. By expanding the logic somewhat, in the manner of second quantization, we are able also to give an account of interaction terms in the Yang-Mills case. This shows that there is a common form ancestral to all the Lagrangians of the standard model in the ensemble of "evolutionary" trees provided by deductions in a certain clearly specified logic, and reveals the differences between the Yang-Mills and gravitational kinetic terms. Thus we acquire a new paradigm for "unification" of the fundamental forces at the level of the underlying logic.
Cellulitis and Skin Infections Associated with Bites

Skin and soft tissue infections (SSTI) are common in primary care, representing 2 to 3% of all office visits. Although these infections can usually be accurately diagnosed and effectively treated, physicians must be capable of identifying the signs and symptoms of the various SSTI, along with differentiating them from the noninfectious conditions with a similar clinical presentation. It is important to accurately and efficiently identify invasive SSTI, such as necrotizing fasciitis or pyomyositis, which require management that is more aggressive.
A computational study of the electronic properties of one-dimensional armchair phosphorene nanotubes

We have performed a comprehensive first-principle computational study of the electronic properties of one-dimensional phosphorene nanotubes (PNTs), and the strain effect on the mechanical and electrical properties of PNTs, including the elastic modulus, energy bandstructure, and carrier effective mass. The study has demonstrated that the armchair PNTs have semiconducting properties along the axial direction and the carrier mobility can be significantly improved by compressive strain. The hole mobility increases from 40.7 cm2/V s to 197.0 cm2/V s as the compressive strain increases to −5% at room temperature. The investigations of size effect on armchair PNTs indicated that the conductance increases significantly as the increasing diameter. Overall, this study indicated that the PNTs have very attractive electronic properties for future application in nanomaterials and devices.
Effects of calcium and sodium concentrations on atrioventricular conduction: Experimental study in rabbit hearts with clinical implications on heart block and slow calcium channel blocking agent usage

Effects of electrolyte concentrations on atrioventricular (AV) conduction were studied in isolated, perfused rabbit hearts by recording the His bundle electrogram. Initial calcium (Ca++), sodium (Na+), and potassium (K+) concentrations were 2.4, 144.8, and 4.5 mM, respectively. Lowering of Ca++ to 0.8 mM slightly prolonged the AH interval, whereas elevation of Ca++ to 4.8 or 7.2 mM more markedly prolonged this interval, often causing intranodal block. High Ca++-induced depression of intranodal conduction was antagonized by high K+ (7.5 mM). Verapamil (0.5 to 1.0 mg/L) produced second-degree intranodal block. High Na+ (172 mM) restored 1:1 conduction, whereas high Ca++ did not. These results suggest that: (1) an optimal Ca++ concentration for intranodal conduction exists; (2) high K+ counteracts high Ca++-induced intranodal block; (3) verapamil effect on AV node is antagonized by high Na+; and (4) slow Na+ current may play a role in AV nodal action potentials.
"More than All the Others": Meditation on Responsibility

This essay examines one aspect of the wide-ranging philosophical back ground of the intellectual and dissident movement for human rights in one-time communist Czechoslovakia. I shall meditate on Jan Patocka's finite responsibility, Derrida's aporetic emphasis on the infinite dimension of responsibility, and Levinasian-Dostoyevskyan ethico-existential variations on in/finite responsibility. Havel alludes to hyperbolic ethics in a parenthetical remark on the birth of "Charta 77", the Manifesto for Human Rights in Czechoslovakia. The question before us is this: which dimension of responsibility appears at this birth or, to put it otherwise, what responsibility is born in care for the soul and polis?
Metrology of Localized Inhomogeneity in Optical Glass

The optical glass industry does not have a standard method of quantitatively evaluating localized inhomogeneities (striae). We are developing an interferometric method and find that the measured wavefront distortion depends on sample position and focus.
Investigating Links from Teacher Knowledge, to Classroom Practice, to Student Learning in the Instructional System of the Middle-School Mathematics Classroom.

Using data collected in 125 seventh-grade and 56 eighth-grade Texas classrooms in the context of the “Scaling Up SimCalc” research project in 2005–07, we examined relationships between teachers’ mathematics knowledge, teachers’ classroom decision making, and student achievement outcomes on topics of rate, proportionality, and linear function—three important and cognitively demanding prealgebra topics. We found that teachers’ mathematical knowledge was correlated with student achievement in only one study out of three. We also found a lack of correlations between teachers’ mathematical knowledge and critical aspects of instructional decision making. Curriculum and other learning resources (e.g., technology, student–student interactions) are clearly important factors for student learning in addition to, and in interaction with, teachers’ mathematical knowledge. Our results suggest that mathematics knowledge for teaching may have a nonlinear relationship with student learning, that those effects may be heavi...
Resonance parameters of /sup 60/Ni+n from measurements of transmission and capture yields from 1 to 450 keV

High-resolution transmission and capture measurements of $^{60}\mathrm{Ni}$-enriched targets have been made from a few eV to 1800 keV in transmission and from 2.5 keV to 5 MeV in capture. The transmission data from 1 to 452 keV were analyzed with a multilevel $R$-matrix code which uses Bayes' theorem for the fitting process. This code provides the energies and neutron widths of the resonances inside the 1- to 452-keV region as well as a possible parametrization for outside resonances to describe the smooth cross section in this region. The capture data were analyzed from 2.5 to 452 keV with a least-squares fitting code using the Breit-Wigner formula. Average parameters for the 30 observed $s$-wave resonances were deduced. The average level spacing, ${D}_{0}$, was found to be equal to 15.2\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.5 keV; the strength function, ${S}_{0}$, equal to (2.2\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.6)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$; and the average radiation width, ${\overline{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}}_{\ensuremath{\gamma}}$, equal to 1.30\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.07 eV. The staircase plot of the reduced level widths and the plot of the Lorentz-weighted strength function averaged over various energy intervals show possible evidence for doorway states. The level densities calculated with the Fermi-gas model for $l=0$ and for $lg0$ resonances were compared with the cumulative number of observed resonances, but the analysis is not conclusive. The correlation coefficient $\ensuremath{\rho}$ between ${\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{n}^{0}$ and ${\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{\ensuremath{\gamma}}$ is equal to 0.53\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.18. The average capture cross section as a function of the neutron incident energy is compared to the tail of the giant electric dipole resonance prediction.NUCLEAR REACTIONS $^{60}\mathrm{Ni}(n, n)$, ${E}_{n}=1\ensuremath{-}452$ keV; $^{60}\mathrm{Ni}(n, \ensuremath{\gamma})$, ${E}_{n}=2.5\ensuremath{-}452$ keV; measured ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{n,\mathrm{tot}}({E}_{n})$, ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{n,\ensuremath{\gamma}}({E}_{n})$; deduced $^{61}\mathrm{Ni}$ resonance parameters ${E}_{0}$, $g{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{n}$, ${\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{\ensuremath{\gamma}}$, $l$, $J$, and average properties ${D}_{0}$, ${S}_{0}$, ${\overline{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}}_{\ensuremath{\gamma}}$; calculated level density for $l=0$ and $lg0$ resonances and correlation $\ensuremath{\rho}({\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{n}^{0}, {\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{\ensuremath{\gamma}})$.
A comparative dynamic analysis of zoning in a growing city

Abstract This paper examines how zoning alters the pace and pattern of residential development in a dynamic open city. It shows how zoning comparative dynamics systematically vary within and across urban areas, relating predicted effects to time paths of exogenous economic variables determining bid rents. Binding zoning is seen to fundamentally alter development trajectories, temporarily halting development at some locations while inducing leapfrog development at others. Zoning impacts under both perfect foresight and myopic developer behavior are derived and examined.
Safety risks in the ambulatory setting

Over the past decade, the focus of safety implementation has been on hospital settings, and most research on patient safety has examined hospital care. Yet, each year, 300 Americans are seen in ambulatory settings for every 1 person admitted to a hospital, and research shows that errors in ambulatory settings can be just as devastating as those in hospitals, and, as in the hospital setting, ambulatory errors or events often trigger legal action. The American Medical Association's report summarizing and compiling the past decade's research identifies 3 general gaps in the current research that impede safety analysis and 6 errors that are most common in ambulatory care that warrant attention. As new models of care emerge with an increased focus on continuity across care settings, there are also nascent opportunities for risk managers to analyze and evaluate ambulatory safety, implement strategies, and develop and test tools that could result in safer patient outcomes.
Visual pigment ofCallorhinchus callorynchus, a southern hemisphere chimaeroid fish

The retina of the elephant fish,Callorhinchus callorynchus, was found to have a vitamin A1-based photopigment with maximum absorbance at 499 nm. The spectral location of this photopigment is significant because this chimaeroid fish is not known to inhabit deep water but has been found in shallow water, often in river mouths. Compared to the findings inHydrologus affinis, a deep-water chimaeroid with a P4771, andHydrolagus colliei, a vertical migrating chimaeroid which has been found in both shallow and deep water, and which has a P4841, the finding inCallorhinchus of a P4991 suggests that in the holocephalans, as in other elasmobranchs and in teleosts, there has evolved a visual pigment system adaptive to the quality of the photic environment.
Maximization of a percentile life of a series system through component redundancy allocation

In a redundancy allocation problem, maximization of system reliability for a specified mission time has been thoroughly studied. Instead, we consider the optimal redundancy which maximizes a percentile life of a series system without violating a cost constraint. A percentile life is the maximum mission time for which system reliability meets at least a specific value. The proposed measure has advantages over regular reliability maximization in fixing warranties or when a system has no clear mission time. Previously, the proposed problem was solved by a heuristic or a genetic algorithm. Because of the infeasibility of finding a close form of percentile life in the redundancy level, we now develop a lexicographic search methodology to obtain an exact optimal solution. A transformed problem is first considered to get an upper bound, which is iteratively used to reduce search space. When any two stages of a system have a precedence relationship based on the cost and lifetime then the search space can be further reduced. The algorithm is general for any continuous increasing lifetime distributions, and can be easily extended for the additional weight and volume constraints.
Agency Review of Environmental Marketing Claims: Case-by-Case Decomposition of the Issues

Abstract Environmental claims in marketing are subject to review by a variety of government and self-regulatory bodies. Although some of these bodies have issued guidelines, the most important precedents have been set in case-by-case actions. We discuss cases brought by the state attorneys general and the New York City Division of Consumer Affairs, and examine in detail cases brought by the Federal Trade Commission and the National Advertising Division of the Council of Better Business Bureaus between 1990 and the end of 1994. Similarities and differences among the cases brought by these bodies are analyzed in relation to the goals and powers of the various review bodies. We conclude with observations about the adequacy with which issues involving environmental issues (e.g., degradability, recyclability, ozone impact, life cycle assessments) have been addressed in case-by-case action and provide some suggestions for future research.
Uncertainties in DRAINMOD predictions of subsurface drain flow for an Indiana silt loam using the GLUE methodology

Good modelling practice requires the incorporation of uncertainty analysis into hydrologic/water quality models. The generalized likelihood uncertainty estimation procedure was used to evaluate the uncertainty in DRAINMOD predictions of daily, monthly, and yearly subsurface drain flow. A variance-based sensitivity analysis technique, the extended Fourier amplitude sensitivity test, was used to identify the main sources of prediction uncertainty. The analysis was conducted for the experimental drainage field at the Southeast Purdue Agricultural Center in Indiana. Six years of data were used and the uncertainties in eight model parameters were considered to analyse how uncertainties in input parameters propagate to model outputs. The width of 90% confidence interval bands of drain flow ranged from 0 to 0·6 cm day−1 for daily predictions, from 0 to 3·1 cm month−1 for the monthly predictions, and from 7·6 to 12·4 cm year−1 for yearly predictions. Annual drain flow predicted by DRAINMOD fell well within the 90% confidence bounds. Model results were most sensitive to the vertical saturated hydraulic conductivity of the restrictive layer and the lateral hydraulic conductivity of the deepest soil layer, followed by the lateral hydraulic conductivity of the top soil layer and surface micro-storage. Parameter interactions also contributed to the prediction uncertainty. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spontaneous inferences provide intuitive beliefs on which reasoning proper depends

Spontaneous inferences are unconscious, automatic, and apparently ubiquitous. Research has documented their variety (particularly in the social domain) and impact on memory and judgment. They are good candidates for Mercier and Sperber's (M&S's) "intuitive beliefs." Forming spontaneous inferences is highly context sensitive, varying with the perceiver's conscious and unconscious goals, and implicit and explicit theories about the domain in question.
The role of porosity in filtration VIII: Cake nonuniformity in compression–permeability cells

Compression-permeability cells are utilized for measurement of porosity and permeability of compressible cakes. Shortcomings of the cells have tended to be minimized in the literature. Data are presented which show that the stress distribution in typical C-P cells is highly nonuniform because of wall friction. For compressible materials, the porosity and permeability would also be nonuniform. Use of large L/D ratios and minimizing wall friction are essential to proper use of C-P cells.
Fatal myocardial infarction in an 11 year old boy associated with a unique coronary artery anomaly.

Abstract A unique case of fatal myocardial infarction in an 11 year old boy is presented. The surprising finding at autopsy was the origin of both coronary arteries from separate ostia behind the anterior aortic cusp. The possible pathophysiology is discussed.
Clinical Correlations of Computed Tomography Imaging in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a complex disease with heterogeneous presentation, progression, and structural abnormality that is currently graded solely on clinical and physiologic parameters. Thoracic computed tomography imaging holds promise for phenotyping in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, but despite increasing availability, this methodology has yet to be incorporated into clinical guidelines or routine clinical practice. However, the unique clinical implications of emphysema and airways disease are becoming clearer. Emphysema has a strong association with more rapid disease progression and mortality. Airways disease has a strong relationship with symptoms and health status. It is hoped that future refinement of emphysema assessment allowing for quantitative subtyping will also increase our ability to define clinically meaningful subgroups, as will development of methodologies to assess airways disease and, in particular, small airways through inspiratory/expiratory image registrati...
Little Hans: a centennial review and reconsideration.

Freud's “Analysis of a Phobia in a Five-year-old Boy” (1909) has stimulated interminable “reanalysis.” The case of Little Hans, an unprecedented experimental child analytic treatment, is reexamined...
Permanent Atrial Pacing in Cardiac Transplant Patients

Thirteen out of 223 consecutive cardiac transplant patients required permanent pacemaker implantation; 11 for sinus node dysfunction and 2 for complete AV block. Patients with sinus node dysfunction were considered for AAIR mode pacemakers if they had intact AV conduction defined as a Wenckebach point of > 120 beats/min. Ten of 11 patients with sinus node dysfunction had a single atrial lead placed. Atrial lead placement was most easily accomplished with a straight, active fixation lead and the use of manually curved stylets to find an optimal position in the donor atrium, although active fixation leads with a preformed atrial J were used as well. Two leads dislodged requiring revision. In contrast, only 1 of 250 atrial leads implanted in nontransplanted hearts dislodged (P < 0.0001). Transvenous endomyocardial biopsies have not caused atrial lead dislodgment. Most transplant recipients requiring permanent pacing have intact AV nodal function and require only atrial pacing. Atrial lead dislodgment requiring lead revision occurs more frequently in heart transplant recipients than in native hearts. Use of a straight active fixation lead with a manually formed curve in the stylet is useful in order to find the optimal position for pacing.
Orthotropic yield criterion for hexagonal closed packed metals

In this paper, a macroscopic orthotropic yield criterion, which can describe both the anisotropy of a material and the yielding asymmetry between tension and compression, is introduced. The yield function is expressed in terms of the principal values of the stress deviator, ensuring insensitivity to the hydrostatic pressure. Application of the proposed criterion to magnesium and titanium alloy sheets shows that this model can capture very well the complex behavior of these materials.
On the Computus Paschalis of “Cassiodorus”

Ce comput anonyme sorti du scriptorium de Cassiodore est une copie mot a mot de la forme originale des Argumenta Paschalia de Denys le Petit| les sections 7 et 12 a 16 des Argumenta, qui manquent dans le Computus, sont des additions ulterieures. En consequence, la date 562 du Computus ne touche pas la biographie de Cassiodore| et cette date n'est pas a citer comme un temoignage ancien de l'adoption effective de la chronologie de Denys.
Cystic pancreatic neoplasms: observe or operate.

Objective: The objectives of this analysis were to define the incidence, natural history, and predictors of neoplasia in pancreatic cysts to determine which patients can safely be observed and which should undergo an operation.
Steady-state tensile stresses during the growth of polycrystalline films

Tensile stresses that arise during the growth of polycrystalline films are described using a cohesive zone approach, along with a finite element model that accounts for different dihedral angles at grain boundary intersections with the growth surface. This combined approach predicts the maximum tensile stress as a function of the grain size and the grain boundary/surface energies. These relationships differ from those proposed previously. The model also indicates that grain boundary cusps can have a significant effect on the magnitude of tensile growth stresses, with sharper grain boundary cusps leading to lower steady-state tensile stresses in the film. Data from several materials with large tensile growth stresses are in reasonable agreement with the model. In particular, AlN films grown by metal organic chemical vapor deposition exhibit tensile stresses that are at or near the maximum predicted tensile values. The experimental results from these nitride films are also consistent with two other model predictions for growth at the tensile limit: the stresses are (i) independent of the growth rate and (ii) at (or close to) the fracture limit.
The TOLL of inflammation in multiple myeloma.

Commentary to: Triggering of toll-like receptor-4 in human multiple myeloma cells promotes proliferation and alters cell responses to immune and chemotherapy drug attack Hanying Bao, Peilin Lu, Yi Li, Lijuan Wang, Hanyan Li, Donghua He, Yang Yang, Yi Zhao, Li Yang, Micheal Wang, Qing Yi and Zhen Cai
Heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor is cytoprotective for intestinal epithelial cells exposed to hypoxia

Abstract Background: During recovery from intestinal ischemic injury, there is rapid growth of intestinal epithelia with regeneration of damaged villi. This study examines the effects of heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF) on the recovery of intestinal epithelial cells exposed to hypoxia. Methods: The cytoprotective effects of HB-EGF were analyzed by placing IEC-18 cells in an anaerobic chamber with various timed HB-EGF treatments (prehypoxia, posthypoxia, pre- and posthypoxia, and no treatment). After 10 hours of hypoxia, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, actin-filament (structural) integrity, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels, and posthypoxia proliferative activity were evaluated. Results: LDH analysis showed that HB-EGF exerted a cytoprotective effect during hypoxia. Pretreated cells had a significantly lower death rate during recovery (7.48%) compared with cells with no HB-EGF treatment (22.19%, P P P Conclusions: HB-EGF is a mitogenic growth factor for intestinal epithelial cells. Moreover, HB-EGF appears to protect intestinal epithelial cells from hypoxia, in part via maintenance of cytoskeletal structure and ATP stores. Finally, HB-EGF-treated cells also appear to have better proliferative abilities during recovery from hypoxia.
RADIONUCLIDE RELEASE FROM HIGH-LEVEL NUCLEAR-WASTE PACKAGES

The engineered barrier subsystem (EBS) in an important component in limiting the release of radionuclides from a geologic repository for disposal of high-level nuclear waste. The purpose of this paper is to identify and discuss the key processes that affect the release of radionuclides from nuclear waste forms and migration of these radionuclides through the nuclear-waste packages of the EBS to the geologic setting (i.e., far-field). Previous studies of release have focused on laboratory testing and modelling of the waste-form dissolution (“leaching”). Mass-transfer analyses, using realistic chemical-reaction-rate boundary conditions, confirm that radionuclide release from the EBS will be controlled by solubilitylimited, mass transport, rather than by waste-form “leaching”. Based on these well-established and laboratory-validated models, key data necessary for reliable predictions of the long-term performance of an EBS are identified. These data include the local chemistry at the wasteform surface, radionuclide solubilities and sorption behavior in contact with engineered materials, and characteristics of radionuclide-bearing colloids.
Bonding and Site Preferences in the New Quasi-Binary Zr2.7Hf11.3P9

The new quasi-binary Zr{sub 2.7}Hf{sub 11.3}P{sub 9} was synthesized by arc-melting of Zr, Hf, Co, and HfP in a ratio corresponding to the initial composition Zr{sub 2.25}Hf{sub 6.75}Co{sub 2}P{sub 4}. Zr{sub 2.7}Hf{sub 11.3}P{sub 9} crystallizes in the Zr{sub 14}P{sub 9} structure type, which is unknown in the binary Hf/P system. the ideal orthorhomibic lattice dimensions (space group Pnnm (No. 58), Z = 4) were refined to a = 16.640(7) {angstrom}, b = 27.40(2) {angstrom}, c = 3.619(1) {angstrom}, V = 1650(2) {angstrom}{sup 3}. The structure consists of three-dimensional condensed one-, two-, and three-capped trigonal (Zr, Hf){sub 6}P prisms, occurring with numerous short M-M bonds (M = Zr, Hf). Each of the 15 metal sites is statistically occupied by a mixture of Zr and Hf, which varies significantly from site to site. The Hf/Zr ratio in a given site depends on the M-M and M-P interactions. The systematic increase of this ratio with increasing total bond order, as evaluated via Mulliken overlap populations and Pauling bond orders, can be understood based on the trend that Hf forms stronger M-M and M-P bonds than Zr. As expected for a metal-rich phosphide, band structure calculations for the hypothetical Hf{sub 14}P{sub 9} carried outmore » with the extended Hueckel approximation result in a significant density of states at the Fermi level.« less
Distorted wave predictions of observed J dependence in the (d,3He) reaction

Abstract “ J dependence” in the l = 1 proton transfers for the 90 Zr(d, 3 He) 89 Y reaction has been observed at 34.4 MeV. With the inclusion of a spin-orbit interaction in the deuteron channel, distorted wave calculations quantitatively predict this effect.
13C NMR characterization of actinyl(VI) carbonate complexes in aqueous solution

Abstract The ligand exchange reaction between free and coordinated carbonate on 242 Pu VI O 2 ( 13 CO 3 ) 3 4− and 243 Am VI O 2 ( 13 CO 3 ) 3 4− systems was examined by variable temperature 13C pulsed nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques. A modified Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill NMR pulse sequence was used for the experimental determination of ligand exchange parameters for paramagnetic actinide complexes. Eyring analysis provided activation parameters of ΔG 295 ‡ = 53 kJ M −1 , ΔH ‡ = 35 kJ M −1 and ΔS 295 ‡ = −61 J M −1 K −1 for the plutonyl triscarbonate system, suggesting an associative transition state for the plutonyl(VI) carbonate self-exchange reaction.
A comparison of external and self-instructional formats with children of different ages and tasks of varying complexity

The premise that both subject and task variables need to be considered in evaluating the relative efficacy of external and self-instructional procedures was examined. The performance of first-, second-, and third-grade children, trained through either an external or self-instructional format, was assessed on double classification discrimination tasks of differing difficulty. The results indicated that the two teaching formats were equally effective in facilitating accurate performance on the easy and medium-difficulty tasks for children of all three grade levels. Self-instruction, however, was found to be the more effective teaching procedure for first-grade children on the high-difficulty task at posttraining. Correlational analyses indicated that children who had higher receptive verbal ability scores on the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test were better able to verbalize the trained strategy. Also, these analyses indicated that children who could verbalize the trained strategy performed more accurately and took longer in completing the assessment tasks. The implication of the results for conducting a more refined analysis of the relationship between individual difference variables and self-instructional training program efficacy is discussed.
Students' "Write" to Their Own Language: Teaching the African American Verbal Tradition as a Rhetorically Effective Writing Skill.

The 1974 Conference on College Composition and Communication's (CCCC) resolution declaring “Students' Right to Their Own Language” (SRTOL) defends the rights of students and all other writers to use different varieties of English (see Committee on CCCC Language Statement, 1974). In addition, the 1988 CCCC adoption of the National Language Policy (NLP), which was a response to the English-Only Movement, boldly asserts that English-Only is educationally unsound. However progressive these policies may be, there still remains a request from teachers on how to identify and develop effective pedagogies that advance language diversity in the classroom. The present research study responds to this problem by introducing a social justice approach to writing instruction that recognizes African and African American contributions to standardized American written communication structures. Using culturally relevant pedagogy and culturally sustaining pedagogy as theoretical frames, I explore the effects of a “comparative...
Diffusion of Copper in Nanoporous Dielectric Films

Water adsorption is undesirable in microelectronics processing because it increases the dielectric constant of the insulator, may lead to the corrosion of metal lines, and can act as a source for the generation of copper ions that can lead to copper drift in a dielectric. We have shown by chemical modification of the surface that the degree of hydrophobicity is a function of the chemical nature of porous low-k dielectric films. Chemical surface modification of nanoporous silica films markedly reduces the moisture uptake and reveals the importance of chemically bound or adsorbed water species in the dielectric and how it triggers metal diffusion. That is, when the organic groups left by the surface modifier are removed by high-temperature sintering, the hydrophobicity of the dielectric film is markedly reduced, more copper ions are generated, and copper drift in the dielectric is increased significantly. We propose that water-related traps in the dielectric films have two effects on metal diffusion: (a) they ionize the metal to form a nonstoichiometric oxide, which acts as the source of metal ions for diffusion; and (b) water-related traps in the dielectric are generated by the action of the external electric field and once generated they create space-charged regions where the local electric field exceeds the external applied field by a substantial amount; this enhances metal charge injection. The relationship between moisture uptake and porosity in nanoporous dielectrics is presented and correlated to metal charge injection. A quantitative analysis by capacitance-voltage measurements is presented of Cu drift in dense and nanoporous low-k dielectric films that reveals the role of Cu ions in the degradation and breakdown of a dielectric. The mechanism for metal diffusion and charge injection, and its dependence on porosity, pore size, surface area, and surface chemistry of the dielectric, are discussed. A physically based mathematical model of diffusion through dense and nanoporous solids has been developed considering bulk and surface diffusion and different concentrations of water-related traps. This model is used to interpret some of the experimental results obtained and confirms that diffusion barriers markedly reduce the injection of copper into dielectrics.
Surgical Treatment of Postoperative Deltoid Origin Disruption

Although it is well recognized that deltoid disruption after shoulder surgery is associated with poor function, little information is available regarding results of surgical treatment for this problem. Twenty-four patients underwent direct repair or rotational deltoidplasty reconstruction of a detached muscle origin after shoulder surgery. The original surgical procedure was rotator cuff repair in 12, acromioplasty in four, and lateral acromionectomy with or without rotator cuff repair in eight. The average duration of symptoms before deltoid reconstruction was 17 months. The mean followup was 39 months (range, 13-84 months). Twelve patients reported moderate to severe pain, whereas 12 had minimal pain. Two patients required a shoulder fusion for intractable pain. Overall, one (4%) excellent, seven (29%) good, and 16 (67%) unsatisfactory results were observed. A poor outcome was associated with a prior lateral acromionectomy, involvement of the middle deltoid, a massive rotator cuff tear with weakness in external rotation, and a residual postoperative defect larger than 2 cm. In select cases, repair or deltoidplasty can improve function and pain.