cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The desorption kinetics of water and formic acid from Ni(110) following low-temperature adsorption

Abstract The flash desorption of water and of formic acid and the flash decomposition of formic acid isotopes were studied on a clean Ni(110) surface for adsorption temperatures below −55 °C. Most of the adsorbed water was found to be weakly bound to the surface and to desorb with first-order kinetics. An apparent surface phase transition was observed at high coverages which indicated interactions between adsorbed water molecules at high coverage. A fraction of the formic acid adsorbed at −60 °C was very weakly bound to the surface and exhibited first-order desorption with a coverage-dependent activation energy. This coverage dependence was attributed to strong adsorbate-adsorbate interactions. The decomposition products for adsorption of a formic acid isotope, HCOOD, were H2, CO2, CO, and D2O. The water product observed leaving the surface was formed from the acid hydrogens and was the result of a decomposition-limited reaction step. The kinetics to form water, which were zero order at high coverage and first order at low coverage, were explained in terms of an island mechanism in which formic acid adsorbed in a condensed phase. The decomposition to form CO2 and H2 proceeded at a faster rate than that observed from adsorption at 37 °C. Also, the CO2 and H2 did not exhibit the narrow autocatalytic flash desorption peaks observed following 37 °C adsorption. The same kinetic mechanism was operating at both adsorption temperatures but for low temperature adsorption the bare metal sites needed for reaction were created by desorption of the water product and thus the rate was faster at the lower adsorption temperature. For −60 °C adsorption, all the CO product was desorption-limited.
Comparison of photodynamic action by Rose Bengal in gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.

Abstract— The photodynamic inactivation by illuminated Rose Bengal of a number of bacterial species was compared. The gram-positive species, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus faecalis and Streptococcus salivarius, were inactivated about 200x more quickly (99% inactivation) than a Salmonella typhimurium wildtype strain. The Salmonella inactivation curve exhibited an initial lag time during which bacteria were not significantly inactivated. The lag time for inactivation of a derivative of the wildtype Salmonella strain that is deficient in a large portion of its cell wall lipopolysaccharide coat was approximately half of the lag time for the wildtype strain but the subsequent rate of inactivation was approximately the same for the two strains. Dark preincubation of both Salmonella strains with Rose Bengal before illumination shortened the lag time, but did not increase the final rate of inactivation. Dark preincubation prior to illumination did not measurably change the inactivation curve of the gram-positive species. The lag time observed in the inactivation curves for Salmonella bacteria may reflect the time required for penetration of the Rose Bengal anion through the outer portion of the gram-negative cell wall to a critical location within the cell for effective photosensitization.
Matching moments to phase distributions: density function shapes

We study density-function shapes of distributions selected by phase-distribution-selection methods developed in Johnson and Taaffe [2, 3]. In Johnson and Taaffe [2], analytic results for matching three moments to mixtures of two Erlang distributions of common order are presented. In Johnson and Taaffe [3], nonlinear programming methods are developed for matching three moments to mixtures of two Erlang distributions (not necessarily of the same order), real-parametered Coxian distributions with support on (0, ∞), and phase distributions with support on (0, ∞). In this paper, we investigate the effect of restricting selection to the above subsets of phase distributions. We also illustrate how to use the methods of Johnson and Taaffe [2, 3] to effect changes in density-function shapes.
Geogenesis, pedogenesis, and multiple causality in the formation of texture-contrast soils

Abstract Coarse-over-fine vertical texture contrasts (VTC) are common in soils and weathering profiles in a variety of environmental settings, including many where inheritance or surficial processes alone cannot account for them. A multiple causality model is presented here which shows that texture contrasts can form in response to a combination of ubiquitous phenomena. There are six key elements: downward translocation by water, erosional winnowing, soil mixing by bioturbation, the tendency for surface clay additions to be mobilized while subsurface clays are more likely to remain in place, and biological facilitation of moisture flux. No element alone is sufficient to create a VTC, but not all are necessary in any given regolith. The model is illustrated by application to case studies in the Ouachita Mountains, Arkansas; ridgetops in eastern Kentucky; the lower coastal plain of North Carolina; and the upper coastal plain of east Texas. The implications for interpretation of soils, paleosols, and weathering profiles is that the presence of a textural contrast, by itself, does not connote any particular set of geogenic or pedogenic processs or controls. Texture contrasts may be geogenic, pedogenic, or both. Given the widespread occurrence of the mechanisms of the multiple causality model, vertical texture contrasts are inevitable.
Should corporations contribute to nano-regulation?

∗ Corresponding author. Tel.: +1 480 965 1799. E-mail address: jposner@asu.edu (J.D. Posner). 1 See, for example, the September 21, 2006 House Committee on Science and Technology Hearing on ‘‘Research on Environmental and Safety Impacts of Nanotechnology: What are the Federal Agencies Doing?’’ [http://science.house.gov/publications/hearings markups details.aspx?NewsID=1186] and the April 24, 2008 US Senate Committee on Commerce, Science & Transportation Hearing on the ‘‘National Nanotechnology Initiative: Charting the Course of Reauthorization’’ [http://commerce.senate.gov/public/index. cfm?FuseAction=Hearings.Hearing&Hearing ID=5fdb60ea-8841401c-9290-019eeb84e11c]. 2 E.g. the FDA’s September 8, 2008 Nanotechnology Public Meeting in Rockville, MD [http://www.fda.gov/nanotechnology2008/] and w n w
Hypertrophic subaortic stenosis: Clinical and hemodynamic studies with special reference to pulse contour measurement∗

Abstract Three cases of hypertrophic subaortic stenosis are presented. The following clinical and hemodynamic characteristics are demonstrated: 1. 1. A diamond-shaped holosystolic murmur was present at the fifth left intercostal space, inside the cardiac apex; the aortic second sound was well heard. The murmur was less intense at the base and not transmitted well into the neck. 2. 2. There was synchronism of the rapid upstroke time and slope of the simultaneously recorded left ventricular and central aortic pressure curves. Also present was a parallelism of the radial artery upstroke time with that of the central aortic pressure curve. A prolonged ejection time was seen and a large secondary systolic wave, representing the subaortic muscular obstruction, was noted. 3. 3. It is our belief that the unusual central and peripheral arterial pulse contour in hypertrophic subaortic stenosis represents, by itself, a diagnostic feature of this disease if not complicated by other anomalies. 4. 4. The beats following premature ventricular contractions always exhibited lower arterial pulse pressure than did the normal beats. 5. 5. Angiocardiography showed a cone formation and marked diminution of the outflow tract lumen during systole, about 3 cm. below the valve, and normal contour of the valvular cusps. 6. 6. Of special interest is that two of the three patients had subacute bacterial endocarditis, responding to penicillin therapy. 7. 7. One patient died following attempted surgical correction of the hypertrophic subaortic stenosis.
A picture is worth a thousand words: The case for graphic representations.

Research in psychology and communication shows a strong advantage for visual displays in comparison with typical language, and technological innovations in computer graphics and printing capabilities now make them cost-effective as well. It can be argued that the greater use of evidence-based visualization strategies can enhance communication occurring in the interactions among and between health service delivery counselors, clients, evaluators, administrators, and clinical supervisors. In this article we present conceptual, empirical, and practical reasons for increasing the use of node-link (box-line) graphic representations in psychological treatment systems. These general-purpose displays offer clinical advantages by clearly representing interrelationships among ideas, emotions, and actions that are often lost in verbal discourse.
Morality Work among the Transabled

In the present article, I address the process of moral stigma resistance using an accounts studies framework. Specifically, I delineate and illustrate the concept of morality work. I demonstrate morality work empirically through a qualitative analysis of 17 years (1994–2011) of blog posts, archived content, and links to and from Transabled.org. Transabled.org is a website, blog, support group, and interaction forum for people with body integrity identity disorder (BIID)—a highly stigmatizing condition of incorrectly abled embodiment. Detractors accuse people with BIID of deep moral failings, including sexual perversion, dishonesty, greed, and attention seeking. In turn, persons with BIID neutralize claims of immorality through medicalization and biologization, and locate themselves on a moral high ground with a discourse of authenticity. In deconstructing transabled bloggers’ moral battle, I examine the process underlying deviant accounts.
A Bilingual Legislature? Question Period in Canada's House of Commons

One of the goals of Canada's official bilingualism policies is to promote the equality of French and English in Canada's federal institutions. The most visible federal institution is the House of Commons, and the activity that attracts the most consistent media coverage is Question Period. This article examines the evolution of the use of French and English during Question Period in the House of Commons over time by examining a random sample of debates from the 24th (1958–62) to the 39th (2006–8) parliaments. This article finds that the use of French in the House of Commons has increased over time and discusses several possible explanations. In addition, this article tests the hypothesis that there exists an informal norm in the House of Commons which holds that responses to questions should be in the same language in which the question was asked.
Pharmacokinetics of D-propranolol following oral, intra-arterial and intraportal administration: contrasting effects of oral glucose pretreatment

Several research groups have reported that in man the oral administration of propranolol with food leads to a marked increase (about 50 per cent) in the area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUCpo) of this well absorbed and highly metabolized drug. An acute change in hepatic metabolic enzyme activity has been postulated as one of the mechanisms which could be responsible for this observed 'food effect'. The administration of simple carbohydrates such as glucose and fructose has been documented to influence hepatic drug metabolism. Therefore, in the present study, the effect of oral glucose (4 g kg-1 as a 50 per cent aqueous solution) on the disposition kinetics of d-propranolol was examined in male Sprague-Dawley rats (8 to 9 per group). Oral glucose treatment caused a statistically significant decrease (50.4 +/- 12.3 vs 36.6 +/- 15.2 min micrograms ml-1; p < 0.05) in the AUCpo of propranolol when this drug was given by oral intubation (10 mg kg-1). This glucose treatment also caused the apparent mean residence time of propranolol after an oral dose to increase from 0.70 +/- 0.08 h to 1.79 +/- 0.29 h (p < 0.05), but did not change its rate of elimination (suggesting collectively a decreased apparent intrinsic clearance and prolonged drug absorption). In a second study, the same oral glucose treatment was demonstrated to have little impact on the steady state concentrations of propranolol when this drug was infused intraarterially at a constant rate. This confirms that the systemic clearance of propranolol is influenced minimally by the glucose treatment. In a third study, propranolol was infused at a constant rate into the portal vein (pyloric vein infusion) bypassing the processes of intestinal metabolism and absorption (i.e. to remove these sources of variability associated with oral administration). Under these conditions, no significant changes in AUC or apparent mean residence time were observed for the two propranolol doses studied (10 mg kg-1 and 5 mg kg-1). We conclude that the oral glucose and oral propranolol interaction appears to be due to an alteration in the input process before drug enters the liver. Furthermore, this experimental series suggests that studies combining accurate assessments of systemic clearance (constant rate intra-arterial infusion studies), intrinsic hepatic clearance (pyloric vein infusion studies), and oral administration supplemented with necessary protein binding studies may be used together to characterize the mechanism responsible for drug-nutrient and drug-drug interactions.
Health and safety implications of alternative energy technologies. III. Fossil energy

This paper reviews both innovative fossil energy sources (tar sands, oil shale, and unconventional natural gas), and more established technologies that are being considered as suppliers of gaseous and liquid fuels (that is, coal gasification and liquefaction). Potential health and safety issues related to the technologies are discussed, although the absence of commercial-scale facilities in the United States restricts the discussion to health effects information derived from related processes. The available epidemiological and carcinogenic studies give cause for concern. The study of the health and environmental impacts of the emerging fossil fuel technologies will be important for quantification of adverse effects and rectification of problems before commitment to large-scale commercialization occurs.
The development of stimulus control over tics: a potential explanation for contextually-based variability in the symptoms of Tourette syndrome.

Abstract Research has demonstrated that providing reinforcement for tic-free intervals can decrease tic frequency in controlled analogue settings. The aim of the current study was to determine whether reinforcement could be used to create stimulus control over tic expression. Ten children with chronic tic disorders (including Tourette syndrome) completed four discrimination training sessions. Each session consisted of three exposures to each of three, 5 min conditions presented in a random order. In one condition, participants were reinforced for tic absence on a 10-s fixed interval schedule in the presence of a purple light. In a second condition, participants were instructed to suppress their tics, but were not reinforced for doing so in the presence of an orange light. In a third condition, participants were instructed not to suppress their tics in the presence of two non-illuminated lights. Confirming findings from other studies, results showed that reinforcing tic suppression reduced tic frequency to a greater extent than only providing instructions to suppress. To test for stimulus control, a fifth session was conducted following the aforementioned discrimination training sessions. The fifth session consisted of three exposures to each of three 5 min conditions presented in a random order. In one condition, a purple light was illuminated. In a second condition, an orange light was illuminated. In a third condition, neither light was illuminated. Across all three conditions, instructions to suppress (or not suppress) tics were not provided, and reinforcers for successful suppression were not delivered. Results indicated that in the presence of the purple light, tics were significantly lower than when neither light was illuminated. These findings provide preliminary support for the idea that a history of differential reinforcement in various contexts may play a role explaining variability in tic symptom expression.
LDPC decoder strategies for achieving low error floors

One of the most significant impediments to the use of LDPC codes in many communication and storage systems is the error-rate floor phenomenon associated with their iterative decoders. The error floor has been attributed to certain subgraphs of an LDPC codepsilas Tanner graph induced by so-called trapping sets. We show in this paper that once we identify the trapping sets of an LDPC code of interest, a sum-product algorithm (SPA) decoder can be custom-designed to yield floors that are orders of magnitude lower than the conventional SPA decoder. We present three classes of such decoders: (1) a bi-mode decoder, (2) a bit-pinning decoder which utilizes one or more outer algebraic codes, and (3) three generalized-LDPC decoders. We demonstrate the effectiveness of these decoders for two codes, the rate-1/2 (2640,1320) Margulis code which is notorious for its floors and a rate-0.3 (640,192) quasi-cyclic code which has been devised for this study. Although the paper focuses on these two codes, the decoder design techniques presented are fully generalizable to any LDPC code.
Fabrication of integrated pressure-flow-temperature sensor for hydraulic systems

This work develops a low cost multi-functional microelectro mechanical systems (MEMS) sensor for use in fluid power systems. The device is small to facilitate easy integration into fluid power components, and has the capability to sense system pressure, fluid temperature, and small pressure differences that can be correlated to flow rate. The design of each of the sensing aspects of the device is outlined, as well as their layout on the sensor die. Pressure sensing with the device is accomplished through the use of polysilicon piezoresistors, while temperature sensing is accomplished using polysilicon thermisters. The procedure necessary to fabricate prototype units is illustrated in detail, and special processes noted. Performance characteristics of prototype sensors compare well to design model predictions. The polysilicon thermister demonstrated a linearity of 2.32%, a repeatability of 0.6%, and an accuracy of 1.5 o C. The differential pressure sensor demonstrated a linearity of 0.4%, a repeatability of 0.13%, and an accuracy of 3.6%. The system pressure sensor demonstrated a linearity of 0.7%, a repeatability of 0.3% and an accuracy of 4.2%. These performance characteristics prove the functionality of the device.
Effect of worked examples on mental model progression in a computer-based simulation learning environment

In a diagnostic problem solving operation of a computer-simulated chemical plant, chemical engineering students were randomly assigned to two groups: one studying product-oriented worked examples, the other practicing conventional problem solving. Effects of these instructional strategies on the progression of learners’ mental models were examined by comparing representations of their mental models with those of experts at three segments of the instruction. Progression of mental models for the worked example group was significantly greater than those using the problem-solving strategy. However, this progression did not manifest itself in learners’ troubleshooting performance measured by number of correct diagnosis and first time correct diagnosis. The implications of these results for designing instruction tailored to learners’ domain knowledge are discussed.
Fan-beam densitometry of the growing skeleton: are we measuring what we think we are?

Abstract Magnification error in fan-beam densitometers varies with distance from the X-ray source to the bone measured and might obscure bone mineral changes in the growing skeleton. Magnification was examined by scanning aluminum rods of different shapes (square, rectangular, solid round, and hollow round) at four distances above the X-ray source in two orientations, with rods aligned parallel (SI) and perpendicular (ML) to the longitudinal axis of the scanning table. Measured area (cm 2 ) decreased linearly with distance above the X-ray source for all rods in the SI orientation ( p p p 2 ) decreased linearly with distance from the source only for ML hollow round rods ( p
The adsorptive generation of low-energy fluorocarbon substrates

Abstract The possibility of producing a structurally simple, low-energy substrate was explored by chemisorbing fluorinated alcohols on γ-alumina. Adsorption of cyclooctane and n-nonane on these prepared surfaces was found to be similar to hydrocarbon adsorption on Teflon. Complications arising from pendular ring condensation are assessed.
Consumer Responses to Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Initiatives: Examining the Role of Brand-Cause Fit in Cause-Related Marketing

Through a controlled experiment, this study demonstrates that an ad with an embedded cause-related marketing (CRM) message, compared with a similar one without a CRM message, elicits more favorable consumer attitude toward the company. This is so regardless of the level of fit between the sponsoring brand and the social cause. Furthermore, when the embedded CRM message involves high versus low brand/cause fit, consumer attitudes toward the ad and the brand are more favorable. Such positive effect of brand/cause fit, however, only emerges for consumers who are high in brand consciousness; for those who are low in brand consciousness, brand/cause fit has no impact on ad or brand evaluations. Theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed.
Dietary fiber supplementation with psyllium or gum arabic reduced fecal incontinence in community-living adults.

Source Citation Bliss DZ, Jung HJ, Savik K, et al. Supplementation with dietary fiber improves fecal incontinence. Nurs Res. 2001;50:203-13. 11480529 (All 2002 articles were reviewed for relevance,...
Cardiac malignant lymphoma in acquired immune deficiency syndrome.

Background. Extranodal malignant lymphomas (ML) are known to occur with increased frequency in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. The authors report a 30-year-old man with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) with ML primarily involving the heart and compare the clinical and pathologic features to those of previously reported patients. Methods. The patient's hospital record was reviewed and pertinent clinical data were abstracted. Tissue obtained at autopsy was processed for routine light microscopic study and immunohistochemistry. A computer-assisted search of the medical literature for patients with malignant cardiac lymphoma was performed. Results. The patient's initial signs and symptoms were nonspecific, and an abnormal gallium scan suggested pericarditis. Clinically, the course was characterized by progressive heart failure. Autopsy disclosed a diffuse large cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma of B-cell phenotype with massive involvement of the pericardium and extension into the myocardium. A literature search revealed 22 patients with cardiac lymphoma associated with AIDS. Clinical findings were nonspecific, but rapid progression of cardiac dysfunction was common after symptoms appeared. Pathologically, most lymphomas were of diffuse aggressive subtypes. Conclusions. ML of the heart is extremely rare but is being encountered with increasing frequency in patients with AIDS. The diagnosis should be considered in such patients in whom cardiovascular symptoms develop suddenly and progress rapidly.
Changes during interphase in nucleic acid and protein content of Tradescantia root tip nuclei.

Abstract The nucleic acids and protein content of single interphase nuclei of Tradescantia paludosa was determined in order to follow the changes that occur during nuclear growth and to compare the content of nuclei from differentiated cells with that of nuclei from cells of actively dividing tissue. The nucleic acids and amino acids used to label proteins were measured by analysis of ultraviolet absorption spectra obtained through the procedures developed by Caspersson. An increase in size as interphase nuclei grow was found to be accompanied by an increase in total nucleic acid content. The total protein content does not increase during interphase growth, so that large nuclei contain the same amount as small nuclei, although diluted, as the nuclei grow, through an increasing volume. It is therefore probable that while the nucleic acid content increases during interphase, the protein content increases during the actual stages of cell division. The nuclei of differentiated cells were on the average larger and contained more nucleic acid, though no more protein, than did those in the area of active cell division.
Quantification of incoming all-wave radiation in discontinuous forest canopies with application to snowmelt prediction

Snowmelt dynamics in forested areas are largely driven by net radiation, which is controlled by solar elevation angle and spatial variations in canopy structure. Understanding of the spatiotemporal radiative regimes in discontinuous forests during the snow season is limited. To improve understanding of radiation dynamics in discontinuous forests, a theoretical, spatially explicit, all-wave irradiance model was developed. The model was tested using detailed measurements collected with radiometer arrays consisting of 16 pyranometers and 14 pyrgeometers installed in a small forest canopy gap. The model was used to simulate incoming radiation over the snow season at mid-latitude (47°N), level forest canopy gaps with diameters ranging from one to six times the surrounding tree heights (H). Theoretical results indicate that radiative regimes in small canopy gaps may be distinctly different from continuous open areas and closed-canopy forests, especially at low solar elevation angles. At low sun angles, spatial radiative minima can occur in gaps due to low incoming shortwave radiation caused by canopy shading, coupled with minimal longwave radiation enhancement from surrounding forests. At 47°N latitude on 1 February, simulated incoming all-wave radiation in canopy gaps was less than both open and forested areas over 100 to 33% of north-south transects ranging from 25 to 150 m in 1H to 6H gaps, respectively. By 1 May, the zone of radiative minima in 1H to 6H gaps ranged from 44 to 8%, respectively. The outcome of this work is an enhanced understanding of radiation variability in discontinuous forest canopies during the snow season. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Perceptions of corporate communication as public relations

Reports on a mailed questionnaire survey of corporate managers and executives from fields other than communication and public relations (accounting, administration, engineering, legal, operations, marketing, etc.) in four major corporations. Analysis included frequency and mean tests plus factor analysis. Results suggest these managers and executives consider the public relations function to be significantly important to their organization. However, most of those surveyed do not know what the public relations function in their organization is or does. Respondents (n = 423) ranked external communication activities to be considerably more important than internal communication. Technical public relations skills were also considered more necessary than public relations management abilities. Few thought corporate communication or public relations people needed to be involved in strategic planning or organizational decision making.
A Simplified Procedure for the Purification of Trichosanthin (A Type 1 Ribosome Inactivating Protein) fromTrichosanthes kirilowiiRoot Tubers

Abstract A one step rapid and simple purification procedure for trichosanthin, a type 1 ribosome inactivating protein, from root tubers of Trichosanthes kirilowii has been developed using cation-exchange perfusion chromatography. The identity of the protein has been confirmed by its size, immunoreactivity, and sequence information. Yields of 0.16% of electrophoretically pure trichosanthin from dried root tuber have been achieved with a single 10-min chromatographic step giving the ability to purify gram quantities of trichosanthin in 1 day.
Coupling delay calculation using Miller factors under exponential waveforms

The increase in interconnect delay due to coupling can have a dramatic effect on the circuit performance for nanoscale technologies. Calculation of coupling-induced delay using a traditional circuit simulator is computationally inefficient, and hence alternative prediction models are desirable. In this work, we revisit Miller factor (MF) based methodology for realistic exponential waveforms for the very first time. It was previously argued that for exponential inputs, the MFs could be more than 3 for worst case and less than −1 for best-case delay estimation. We have found the correct MFs corresponding to the worst case and best-case scenarios under exponential inputs and formulated for the partial overlapping case. Simulation results are shown for both worst-case and the best-case MFs and results are compared with the coupled RC network for 50% delay. We obtained an average error of 2.7% on worst-case and 3.3% on best-case delay using the MF derived for exponential waveforms. This model is useful as a qu...
The ice worm, Mesenchytraeus solifugus, elevates adenylate levels at low physiological temperature.

Abstract The ice worm, Mesenchytraeus solifugus , is among a few metazoan species that survive exclusively in glacier ice/snow. In this study, we demonstrate that ice worm adenylate levels [i.e. adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP), ADP and AMP] are maintained at levels well above their mesophilic counterparts, and that their response to temperature change is distinctly opposite, namely, ice worms increase energy levels as temperatures fall. Initially, this response is characterized by a sharp spike in [ATP] and the adenylate energy charge (even at sub-zero temperatures), which is followed by corresponding increases in [ADP] and [AMP] within a few days. These results suggest that ice worms have evolved a compensatory mechanism by which gains in adenylate nucleotides off-set, at least in part, the inherent lethargy and death usually associated with cold temperature.
Magnetic susceptibility above the superconducting transition

Abstract We have observed that the excess diamagnetic susceptibility of pure indium and thallium above T c agrees with the predictions of fluctuation theory. In contrast, the susceptibility of several samples of tin has been observed to increase exponentially from χ ≅ 10 -7 to χ ≅ 2 × 10 -4 as the temperature approaches T c , behaving as exp (- T /τ) with τ ≅ 0.010 K . In the Meissner transition region exponential behavior again prevails for χ over several decades with χ ≅ 0.003 K , while well below T c , τ ≅ 0.2 K . For temperatures above T c in tin, the exponential variation of susceptibility anticipating the superconducting transition was observed to be para- or dia-magnetic, depending upon the sample treatment.
Variation in Individuals' Semantic Networks for Common Knowledge is Associated with False Memory:

Three experiments assessed the relationships between false memories of words and their degree of connectedness within individual semantic networks. In the first two experiments, participants studied associated word lists (e.g., hot, winter, ice), completed a recognition test that included related nonstudied words (e.g., cold, snow), and then rated the semantic relatedness of all word pairs including studied and nonstudied words. In the third experiment, the task order was reversed; participants completed pairwise ratings and then, two weeks later, completed the false memory task. The relatedness ratings were analysed using the Pathfinder scaling algorithm. In all experiments, items that an individual falsely recognized had higher semantic Pathfinder node densities than those items correctly rejected.
Surgical treatment of complicated distal aortic dissection.

Among the various treatment options for acute distal dissection with aortic branch compromise, we have favored open vascular surgical techniques. Our perspectives with over 500 patients treated during a 30-year period are presented herein.
Structure-Activity Studies of New Potential Depressants 3,4,5-TrimethoxybenzamidesI II

A group of 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzamides of various amines was synthesized and subjected to general pharmacological screening. The structures of Compounds 7,8,9, and 10 show strong depressant properties. A hypothesis is provided for the possible difference in activity of the various substituents on the amide nitrogen.
The Equivalence of the top quark condensate and the elementary Higgs field

Abstract Several recent works suggested to replace the fundamental Higgs boson by a top quark condensate in analogy with the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio (NJL) mechanism. We show that the field theoretically correct replacement is a generalized NJL model with the minimal choice of three independent interaction terms in the lagrangian. We demonstrate in the large- N color limit that the physics of this model is fully equivalent to the corresponding simplified Standard Model where the Higgs boson is represented by an elementary scalar field with the usual Yukawa- and self-interactions. The generalized NJL mechanism does not lead to new physical predictions or constraints and the complete parameter range of the simplified Standard Model is recovered. Since there exists a simple mapping between the couplings of these two models, it is difficult to give physical significance to notions like composite versus fundamental, or dynamical symmetry breaking in this scheme. We also present some new numerical results on the relevant phase diagrams.
GROWTH OF PATHOGENIC BACTERIA IN UNIVERSAL PREENRICHMENT BROTH SUPPLEMENTED WITH OXYRASETM AND FERRIOXAMINE E1

The effect of OxyraseTM at 0.4 unit/mL and Ferrioxamine E at 1.0 μg/mL supplemented to Universal Preenrichment medium alone or combined on the growth of Salmonella typhimurium, Yersinia enterocolitica, Escherichia coli O157:H7, and Listeria monocytogenes were evaluated. Addition of OxyraseTM at 0.4 unit/mL enhanced the growth of all four organisms. Addition of Ferrioxamine E enhanced the growth of Salmonella typhimurium and Yersinia enterocolitica but did not affect the growth of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Listeria monocytogenes. OxyraseTM in conjunction with Ferrioxamine E gave the greatest enhancement of growth of Salmonella typhimurium and Yersinia enterocolitica.
Loyalty as rent: corruption and politicization of Russian universities

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyze the changes that have taken place in the Russian higher education sector over the last two decades. Specifically, it analyses such phenomena as corruption and politicization of Russian universities through the concept of “loyalty as rent”.Design/methodology/approach – This paper is a synthesis of conceptual work and case study, developing and applying the concept of “loyalty as rent” to the case of Russian higher education. Rapidly developing segments of the Russian economy are known for sprawling informal economic relations. In such segments, illicit revenues may exceed legal income and political influence is considered an economic resource.Findings – Informal approval of corrupt activities in colleges and universities in exchange for loyalty and compliance with the current political regime is commonplace in modern Russia. Political indoctrination of universities is advanced by the ruling political regime in Russia through informal means, while academic m...
Applications of a slow-scan CCD camera in protein electron crystallography.

Abstract A Gatan 1024 × 1024 slow-scan charge-coupled device (CCD) camera has been interfaced to a JEOL4000EX electron cryomicroscope and explored for its usefulness in the electron crystallographic analysis of thin, glucose-embedded crystals of crotoxin complex kept at -125°C. We show that the camera allows for an on-line assessment of the crystals' crystallinity, flatness, and thickness. Intensities obtained from electron diffraction patterns acquired with the camera have been statistically analyzed and were found to be consistent with theoretically expected values. A quantitative analysis of the diffraction intensity as function of the accumulated electron dose suggests the possibility of recording up to 250 diffraction patterns with 3.5 A resolution from a single crotoxin complex crystal 128 A thick. Tilt series of 125 electron diffraction patterns with 3.5 A data acquired from a single crystal are shown to be practically feasible. The current study demonstrates for the first time the effectiveness of using a slow-scan CCD camera for electron diffraction data collection from thin protein crystals at near atomic resolution.
Excretion of methadone in semen from methadone addicts; Comparison with blood levels☆

Abstract The concentration of methadone was measured in the semen of seven methadone maintenance subjects and compared with the concentration of the drug in blood. The daily dose of methadone in these subjects ranged between 20 and 80 mg and was administered by mouth in the local methadone clinic in the usual manner. Samples of blood and semen were obtained from each subject one to four hours after dosage. The concentration of methadone in the blood ranged between 59 and 126 ng/ml in six of the volunteers. The concentration of methadone in semen ranged between 73 and 420 ng/ml in the seven subjects. The ratio of the concentration of the drug in semen to the concentration in blood ranged from 0.82 to 4.72. Methadone is excreted in small amounts in human semen and is transmitted from male to female during sexual intercourse.
Mud crab predation on ribbed mussels in salt marshes

Mud crab (Panopeus herbstii H. Milne Edwards) predation on Atlantic ribbed mussels (Geukensia demissa Dillwyn) was studied by a series of laboratory and field experiments at two sites at Morehead City, North Carolina, USA from 1987 to 1989. Tidal elevation had no effect on predation intensity, although mud crabs were active only when they were submerged. Horizontal distance from the water-marsh edge significantly affected mussel mortality in one of two winter experiments, despite the occurrence of virtually all the crabs at the marsh edge. Of the juvenile mussels attached to adult mussels, those totally buried in the sediment suffered mortality from mud crab predation at a rate not detectably different from those exposed above the surface. Juveniles attached to adult conspecifics, however, experienced significantly less mortality than those attached to oysters. Interestingly, the two groups of mussels (those attached to conspecifics and those attached to oysters) display shell morphological dimorphism. The more oblate shells of the mussels attached to oysters as compared to those attached to conspecifics might be induced by the higher predation rate. Alternatively, slimmer shells from individuals attached to conspecifics may be the result of living within physically compact mussel clumps.
The macroeconomic impact of the nixon wage and price controls: A general equilibrium approach

Abstract This paper empirically estimates the effects of the Nixon Wage and Price Controls using a general equilibrium macroeconomic model which allows for interaction of prices, wages, aggregate demand, real output, and interest rates. Results confirm earlier findings: the controls had only brief, downward effects on measured inflation which were reversed by the end of 1973. Even before the end of 1973, controls were having adverse effects on prices, output and interest rates. Furthermore, there is evidence that controls, coupled with expansive monetary policy, can lead to economic conditions that are more serious than those existing prior to the imposition of the controls.
Numerical study of electrical stimulation for neuronal cell growth on silica aerogel substrate

An aerogel-based Neuronal Printed Circuit Board (NPCB) with electrical stimulation capabilities is currently under investigation as an alternative method for repair of injury sustained to peripheral nerves. Here, we report the results of the numerical analysis of electric field distribution, fluidic motion, and temperature rise due to such superficial electrical stimuli. In this analysis, a cylindrical aerogel structure is modeled for both voltage and current stimulation using COMSOL finite element analysis software. Voltage excitation of 100 mV and current excitations of 0.1 to 1 A are applied to a pair or a single electrode of gold track with dimension of 20×2×0.2 mm3. Simulation results demonstrate that electric field lines are highly concentrated on the surface of the aerogel where the gold tracks exist. Besides, the stimulation generates fluidic motion, and the steady state temperature increase due to the stimulation is less than 1K for current stimulation of less than 0.35 A.
234 ABERRANT ZINC BINDING IN TESTES OF TESTICULAR FEMINIZATION RATS

Testicular feminization (Tfm) is an inherited form of male pseudohermaphroditism. In the rat, this syndrome is manifested by an absence of androgen dependent differentiation, small cryptorchid testes and infertility. Previous studies in our laboratory had established that cryptorchid testes of these rats showed drastically reduced zinc content and failure of zinc retention. The present studies attempt to further characterize this aberrant metabolism of zinc in the Tfm rats. Testes from normal littermates were used as control in all experiments. Distribution of endogenous zinc in the testicular cytosol was examined by chromatography through a Sephadex G-75 column (1.5×90 cm) equilibrated with 10 mM Tris-HCl, pH 8.0. Both zinc content and 280 nm absorbance of fractions collected were determined. Normal control testes showed typically four zinc peaks: peak 1 at void volume, peak 2 corresponded to Mr 30k, peak 3 corresponded to Mr 10k and peak 4 at the wash volume. Peak 2, however, was missing when cytosol of cryptorchid testes of the Tfm rats were analyzed. Column fractions corresponding to zinc peak 2 of the cryptorchid and normal control testes were pooled and concentrated separately and examined by electrophoresis through 12% polyacrylamide gel containing 0.1% SDS. A protein band with Mr 23k was missing in the cryptorchid testes. Whether the missing protein of the cryptorchid testis was related to the absence of zinc peak 2 and the decreased testicular zinc content in the Tfm rat is under further investigation. (Supported in part by NIH grant HD 16730).
Chlorpromazine and human sleep

The aim of this study was to examine human physiological sleep profiles, including the amount and distribution of electroenoephalographic (EEG) stages of sleep, variations in specific frequency bands in the EEG spectrum and certain phasic phenomena such as movement arousals, sigma spindles and rapid eye movements, following oral administration of a moderate dose (150 mg) of chlorpromazine (CPZ) to 12 young male volunteers. At this dose level the drug had few systematic effects on sleep, although it did reduce the latency of onset of stage REM and the number of movement arousals, while increasing the amount of slow-wave (SW) sleep. These effects persisted during the post-medication recovery night, but at no time was there any systematic change in the total amount or percent of REM sleep, the duration of the REM-to-REM cycle, the average length of REM episodes or the density of rapid eye movements during stage REM. Frequency analysis of EEG revealed that CPZ produced a trend toward increased fast (beta) activity recorded from pre-central placements during stage REM, and reduced density of sigma spindles in stage 2 sleep. Thus, for the most part, a single moderate dose of CPZ left the tonic, phasic and sequential properties of the sleep cycle unaltered. These results confirm previous investigations showing that for small to moderate clinical doses, CPZ invariably enhances SW sleep and reduces the frequency of movement arousals. On the other hand, the effect of the drug on stage REM apparently depends on dose. Small doses potentiate REM sleep or accelerate its onset, whereas larger doses either reduce stage REM or leave it unaffected. Several authors have pointed out that most hypnotic agents cause substantial alterations of the sleep profile, and that their withdrawal can cause profound disruption of sleep and marked clinical disturbance. It also has been suggested that there exists a relation between drug dependency and the degree of initial REM suppression caused by a drug. The finding confirmed by the present study that clinical doses of CPZ cause mild sedation, and enhanced SW sleep without any significant modification of REM, sleep, indicates that CPZ has features which may recommend it as a standard hypnotic.
Gamma-glutamyltransferase release by the post ischemic kidney: Multiple forms and cellular pH

Abstract The release of gamma-glutamyltransferase from renal tubule cells was studied in situ following 30 minutes of ischemia. The ischemic kidney enzyme level fell 33 percent after 15 minutes of reflow of which only 1.2 percent was recovered in the urine; none was released into the renal vein. At this time the overwhelming majority of the enzyme appears bound to membranes in both the kidney and the urine. In the subsequent 15 minutes renal levels continue to decline while urinary excretion accounts for 5 percent of that disappearing from the kidney. Interestingly the form of the enzyme present in kidney and urine shifts to a soluble form coinciding with cellular alkalosis, urinary alkalinization and a rise in ATP levels. Alkalinization of renal homogenates results in a 2-fold increase in the soluble enzyme form. The results are consonant with the immediate loss of brush border enzyme via uptake into the cell or release into the urine with the former pathway predominating; subsequent appearance of the soluble enzyme appears to reflect intracellular alkaline proteinase activity and exocytosis. The form in which the enzyme is excreted may provide a useful clinical index: membranous reflecting cellular necrosis and soluble reflecting cellular recovery.
Products and Functional Group Distributions in Pyrolysis Oil of Chromated Copper Arsenate (CCA)-Treated Wood, as Elucidated by Gas Chromatography and a Novel 31P NMR-Based Method

Low-temperature pyrolysis offers a feasible option for wood waste management and the recovery of a variety of useful chemicals. In this study, the effect of chromated copper arsenate (CCA) wood pre...
Remarks on the Grunsky norm and p th root transformation

Abstract We show that the norm of the Grunsky operator generated by a univalent function does not decrease with a pth root transformation, p⩾2. The result is sharp for each p.
Rapid Measurement of Renal Artery Blood Flow With Ungated Spiral Phase-Contrast MRI

Purpose: To verify the potential of ungated spiral phasecontrast (USPC), which has been shown to provide accurate and reproducible time-averaged measurements of pulsatile flow, for rapid measurement of renal artery blood flow (RABF) in vivo. Materials and Methods: The RABF rates of 11 normal human subjects and one patient with renal failure were measured with USPC within six seconds. Results: Rapid USPC scans produced reproducible RABF measurements (SD 9%) that agreed with the normal RABF rates known from the literature. The RABF rates of the patient with renal failure were substantially less (50 – 65%) than the normal RABF rates.