cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract 4127: A tumor evolution screen in zebrafish identifies PlexinA1 as a driver of metastasis and growth in human rhabdomyosarcoma

Relapse and metastasis are major clinical problems facing patients with rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), a devastating pediatric malignancy of the muscle. Alveolar Rhabdomyosarcoma (ARMS) is characterized by genetic translocations while Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma (ERMS) is characterized by Ras pathway activation. Treatment for either RMS subtype requires surgical resection, chemotherapy, and radiation with overall poor prognosis for patients with high-risk features including metastasis and relapse. Thus, there is great interest in elucidating key molecular pathways and genetic factors that are involved in continued RMS growth and tumor maintenance. In the Langenau lab, we utilize a powerful transgenic zebrafish model of kRASG12D- induced ERMS and have recently developed a p53-/- (null) zebrafish model. p53 is one of the most common tumor suppressor genes, and upwards of 1/3 of RMS patients have mutations or Loss-of-Heterozygosity (LOH) of this locus. This model accurately mimics the molecular underpinnings and histopathology of human ERMS and has been used to discover molecular pathways that drive relapse. Using our tp53-/- (null) zebrafish along with large-scale cell transplantation assays, we have assessed metastatic potential of our ERMS tumors following serial passaging and acquisition of new driver mutations. Specifically, we performed a tumor evolution screen using serial engraftment of ERMS into recipient fish followed by RNA sequencing to discover novel pathways that are associated with elevated tumor growth and metastasis. Plexin A1 was one of our top hits in this screen, being expressed at >8 fold in metastatic lesions of the zebrafish and expressed in >80% of human RMS. Plexins are a large family of receptors for transmembrane, secreted and GPI-anchored semaphorins. Knockdown of PLXNA1 decreased human ERMS cell proliferation, increased differentiation and impaired anchorage-independent growth and migration. Collectively, our data supports the hypothesis that PLXNA1 is an important moderator of tumor growth in a large fraction of human RMS and likely regulates local invasion and metastasis. This work will provide much needed data for discovery of novel therapeutically-actionable pathways for relapsed ERMS and likely inform future treatment for high-risk patients. Citation Format: Alessandra M. Welker, Madeline N. Hayes, Qin Tang, David M. Langenau. A tumor evolution screen in zebrafish identifies PlexinA1 as a driver of metastasis and growth in human rhabdomyosarcoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4127.
Optimal task execution speed setting and lower bound for delay and energy minimization

Abstract The current technology trend reveals that static power consumption is growing at a faster rate than dynamic power consumption. In this paper, energy-efficient task scheduling is studied when static power consumption is a significant part of energy consumption which cannot be ignored. The problems of scheduling a set of independent sequential tasks on identical processors so that the schedule length is minimized for a given energy consumption constraint or the energy consumption is minimized for a given schedule length constraint are investigated. For a given schedule, the optimal task execution speed setting for delay and energy minimization is found analytically. Lower bounds for the minimum schedule length of a set of tasks with a given energy consumption constraint and the minimum energy consumption of a set of tasks with a given schedule length constraint are established. Our lower bounds are applicable to sequential or parallel, and independent or precedence constrained tasks, on processors with discrete or continuous speed levels, and bounded or unbounded speed ranges. The significance of these lower bounds is that they can be used to evaluate the performance of any heuristic algorithms when compared with optimal algorithms. Experimental study on the performance of list scheduling algorithms is performed and it is shown that their performance is very close to the optimal. To the best of the author’s knowledge, this is the first paper that provides such analytical results for energy-efficient task scheduling with both dynamic and static power consumptions.
Surgical Approach in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Resection Versus Transplantation

Surgical resection and liver transplantation remain the only treatments that offer potential cure for patients diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). With ongoing improvements in patient selection, operative technique, and perioperative care, outcomes following surgical intervention for HCC are widely investigated. The decision for which surgical approach is optimal, however, remains controversial. Evaluation of patient factors, tumor characteristics, liver function, organ availability, and hospital resources is critical to determining which surgical intervention is best for a given patient. By emphasizing appropriate patient selection and thoroughly evaluating burden of disease, surgeons have the opportunity to increase survival, reduce disease recurrence, and improve overall outcomes for patients with HCC.
Imaging of Carotid Dissection.

Here, we describe the four primary imaging modalities for identification of carotid artery dissection, advantages, limitations, and clinical considerations. In addition, imaging characteristics of carotid dissection associated with each modality will be described. Recent advances in etiopathogenesis describe the genetic factors implicated in cervical artery dissection. MRI/MRA (magnetic resonance angiography) with fat suppression is regarded as the best initial screening test to detect dissection. Advances in magnetic resonance imaging for the diagnosis of dissection include the use of susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) for the detection of intramural hematoma and multisection motion-sensitized driven equilibrium (MSDE), which causes phase dispersion of blood spin using a magnetic field to suppress blood flow signal and obtain 3D T1- or T2*-weighted images. Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) remains the gold standard for identifying and characterizing carotid artery dissections. Carotid artery dissection is the result of a tear in the intimal layer of the carotid artery. This leads to a “double lumen” sign comprised of the true vessel lumen and the false lumen created by the tear. The most common presentation of carotid artery dissection is cranial and/or cervical pain ipsilateral to the dissection. However, severe neurological sequelae such as embolic ischemic stroke, intracranial hemorrhage, and subarachnoid hemorrhage can also result from carotid artery dissection. Carotid artery dissection can be identified by a variety of different imaging modalities including computed tomographic angiography (CTA), MRI, carotid duplex imaging (CDI), and digital subtraction angiography (DSA).
Web-Based Skin Cancer Prevention Training for Massage Therapists: Protocol for the Massage Therapists Skin Health Awareness, Referral, and Education Study

Background: Skin cancer, the most common cancer in the United States, is costly and potentially deadly. Its burden can be reduced by early detection and prevention activities. The scope of skin cancer requires going beyond traditional health care providers to promote risk reduction. Partnering with the nonbiomedical workforce, such as massage therapists (MTs), may reach more individuals at risk. MTs see much of their clients’ skin and are amenable to performing skin cancer risk reduction activities during massage appointments. Objective: The objective of this study is to describe the Massage Therapists Skin Health Awareness, Referral, and Education protocol, presenting an overview of our systematic approach to developing rigorous e-training for MTs to enable them to be partners in skin cancer risk reduction. We also describe procedures for usability and feasibility testing of the training. Methods: We developed an integrated electronic learning system that includes electronic training (e-training) technology, simulated client interactions, online data collection instruments, and in-person assessment of MTs’ application of their training. Results: A total of 20 participants nationally scored the e-training as high for usability and satisfaction. We have screened an additional 77 MTs in Arizona for interest and eligibility, and currently have 37 enrolled participants, of whom 32 have completed the Web-based training. Conclusions: The structured and rigorous development approach for this skin cancer risk reduction and brief behavioral intervention e-training for MTs begins to fill a gap in skin cancer risk reduction research. Iterative usability testing of our asynchronous Web-based training resulted in positive participant response. Our e-training approach offers greater learner accessibility, increased convenience, and greater scalability than the few existing programs and has the potential to reach many MTs nationally. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID): DERR1-10.2196/13480
Student Perceptions of Classroom Engagement and Learning using iPads

Many colleges and universities have launched iPad initiatives in an effort to enhance student learning. Despite their rapid adoption, the extent to which iPads increase student engagement and learning is not well understood. This paper reports on a multidisciplinary assessment of student perceptions of engagement and learning using iPads. Student reactions following single and multiple classroom activities using iPads were measured via a survey asking them to rate their learning and engagement using a 5-point Likert scale. Responses to the questions were grouped into thematic categories of Perceived Learning and Perceived Engagement. Students who reported a high level of engagement while using iPads reported a high level of learning as well. No effects due to age, gender, or language were found. Students who characterized themselves as comfortable with modes of e-learning reported significantly greater levels of perception of learning and engagement. Those who reported being comfortable were more likely to use iPads for learning and professional development in the future. Furthermore, a number of students who initially described themselves as somewhat uncomfortable with e-learning technology also reported interest in continuing to use iPads.
Mothers' experiences of breastfeeding a child with tongue‐tie

Tongue-tie is characterized by an abnormally tight, short and thick lingual frenulum restricting the tongue's movement. This functional impairment can hinder a child's ability to maintain an effective latch and suckle and may lead to complex breastfeeding difficulties. The primary aim of this study was to explore the experiences of mothers who have breastfed a child with tongue-tie, including their experiences with the health care system. A qualitative description study design was used. Two semistructured focus groups were conducted in February 2016 with a total of nine participants in the largest metropolitan area of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. Content analysis using constant comparison revealed a common incongruity between participants' breastfeeding expectations and their actual experiences of feeding a child with tongue-tie. Three major themes are discussed: mothers' well-being, strained interpersonal relationships and frustration with the health care system.
COVID-19 Bereavement: Considerations for Families, Psychologists, and Student Trainees

During the peak of COVID-19, inflicted individuals died unexpectedly and in isolation. These circumstances deprived families of opportunities to say goodbye or memorialize the death of their loved one in alignment with their values and cultural heritage (e.g., wakes/vigils, funerals, shiva, washing, shrouding, military honors). Unable to hold hands, have final conversations, or develop treatment plans with providers, bereaved families experienced compounded losses. Concurrent quarantine hindered their engagement in coping strategies. COVID-19 bereavement increases the risk for complicated grief, which escalates the risk of physical and mental health problems, suicide, drug abuse, and family discord (Shear, 2015, 2020). While death, grief, and mourning are normal life experiences, traumatic and sudden death during a global pandemic is a new domain and the voices of those left behind are under-represented in social discourse. Simultaneously, psychologists and trainees quickly became last responders. COVID-19 presented a constellation of clinical challenges. Practitioners provided care during a time of political and racial tension, civil unrest, school closures, health and financial insecurity, and a collective loss of normalcy. Additionally, COVID-19 cast a spotlight on ageist attitudes and critical need for increased representation of older adults in training curricula. These issues echo the call to embrace aging as a valued aspect of diversity, and to strengthen psychology’s workforce in the areas of training, practice, research and advocacy for aging adults (Hoge, et al., 2015). This poster will explore the impact of COVID-19 bereavement on families and practitioners, promote advocacy efforts, and offer tangible training recommendations for psychology programs.
Silicon Photonic Flex-LIONS for Reconfigurable Multi-GPU Systems

The rapid increases in data-intensive applications demand for more powerful parallel computing systems capable of parallel processing a large amount of data more efficiently and effectively. While GPU-based systems are commonly used in such parallel processing, the exponentially rising data volume can easily saturate the capacity of the largest possible GPU processor. One possible solution is to exploit multi-GPU systems. In a multi-GPU system, the main bottleneck is the interconnect, which is currently based on PCIe or NVLink technologies. In this study, we propose to optically interconnect multiple GPUs using Flex-LIONS, an optical all-to-all reconfigurable interconnect. By exploiting the multiple free spectral ranges (FSRs) of Flex-LIONS, it is possible to adapt (or steer) the inter-GPU connectivity to the traffic demands by reconfiguring the optical connectivity of one FSR while maintaining fixed all-to-all connectivity of another FSR. Simulation results show the benefits of the proposed reconfigurable bandwidth-steering interconnect solution under various traffic patterns of different applications. Execution time reductions by up to 5× have been demonstrated in this study including two applications of convolution and maxpooling .
Understanding Side Effects of Antidepressants: Large-scale Longitudinal Study on Social Media Data.

Background: Antidepressants are known to show heterogeneous effects across individuals and conditions, posing challenges to understanding their efficacy in mental health treatment. Social media platforms enable individuals to share their day-to-day concerns with others and thereby can function as unobtrusive, large-scale, and naturalistic data sources to study the longitudinal behavior of individuals taking antidepressants. Objective: We aim to understand the side effects of antidepressants from naturalistic expressions of individuals on social media. Methods: On a large-scale Twitter data set of individuals who self-reported using antidepressants, a quasi-experimental study using unsupervised language analysis was conducted to extract keywords that distinguish individuals who improved and who did not improve following the use of antidepressants. The net data set consists of over 8 million Twitter posts made by over 300,000 users in a 4-year period between January 1, 2014, and February 15, 2018. Results: Five major side effects of antidepressants were studied: sleep, weight, eating, pain, and sexual issues. Social media language revealed keywords related to these side effects. In particular, antidepressants were found to show a spectrum of effects from decrease to increase in each of these side effects. Conclusions: This work enhances the understanding of the side effects of antidepressants by identifying distinct linguistic markers in the longitudinal social media data of individuals showing the most and least improvement following the self-reported intake of antidepressants. One implication of this work concerns the potential of social media data as an effective means to support digital pharmacovigilance and digital therapeutics. These results can inform clinicians in tailoring their discussion and assessment of side effects and inform patients about what to potentially expect and what may or may not be within the realm of normal aftereffects of antidepressants.
Nanoemulsified Carvacrol as a Novel Washing Treatment Reduces Escherichia coli O157:H7 on Spinach and Lettuce

ABSTRACT Fresh produce continues to be the main source of foodborne illness outbreaks in the United States, implicating bacterial pathogens such as Escherichia coli O157:H7 (EHEC). The efficacy of nanoemulsified carvacrol (NCR) as a washing treatment in reducing EHEC on fresh produce was investigated. Fresh baby spinach, romaine lettuce, and iceberg lettuce leaves (2.5-cm-diameter cores) were spot inoculated with a five-strain cocktail of nalidixic acid-resistant EHEC at ∼6 log CFU/cm2. After air drying for 1 h, 20 pieces of each inoculated produce leaf were immersed in water-based treatment solutions (200 mL per group), including water alone, 25 or 50 ppm of free chlorine, and 0.25 or 0.75% NCR for 2 min. Inoculated produce leaves without any treatment served as baseline. Produce leaves were stored at 10°C, and surviving EHEC populations were enumerated on days 0, 2, 7, and 14. The viability of EHEC following NCR treatments on the fresh produce was visualized under a fluorescence microscope. NCR treatment at 0.75% immediately reduced EHEC populations on iceberg lettuce by 1.3 log CFU/cm2 as compared with the produce treated with water alone (P 0.05). After 14 days of storage at 10°C, populations of EHEC on 0.75% NCR-treated romaine lettuce were reduced by 2.3 log CFU/cm2 compared with the recovery from 50 ppm of chlorine-treated samples (P < 0.05). Microscopic images revealed that EHEC cells were observed to be clustered on the baseline samples, indicating the development of cell aggregation, compared with the scattered cells seen on NCR-treated leaf surfaces. Treatments with NCR did not significantly affect the color of the fresh produce leaves during 14 days of storage at 10°C. Results of this study support the potential use of NCR as a water-soluble natural antimicrobial wash treatment for controlling EHEC on fresh produce. HIGHLIGHTS
Orthotropic friction at the edges and interior of graphene and graphene fluoride and frictional anisotropy of graphene at the nanoscale

Abstract We provide evidence that the friction of graphene films has a directional dependence in the interior and at the edges of the graphene sheets. Graphene fluoride was shown to have lower friction coefficients than graphene at almost all angles either inside or at the edges of the samples. At the edges, graphene and graphene fluoride were shown to have a dependence on the scan direction. It is unexpected with respect to all reported results as of today. We have experimentally proven that graphene and graphene fluoride manifest different coefficients of sliding friction at the edges (graphene fluoride from 5.8×10−3 to 4.9×10−1; graphene from 8.2×10−3 to 3.3×10−1) of a sheet sample versus the interior (graphene fluoride from 5.1×10−3 to 1.5×10−1; graphene from 2.5×10−2 to 2.3×10−1) under ambient humidity conditions (~60%). Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to prove the friction coefficients have distinct directional dependence between graphene and graphene fluoride. It is assumed that differences in friction coefficients between those in literature and our results for graphene fluoride were due to ambient experimental conditions. Further investigation of the effects of water on friction between the AFM tip and graphene fluoride is warranted.
Helping families following sibling sexual abuse: Opportunities to enhance research and policy responses by addressing practical challenges

Abstract While there is substantial research focused on the prevalence, outcomes, and practical challenges associated with child sexual abuse, there are limited resources specific to sibling sexual abuse (SSA). As a result of the limited literature there is inadequate empirical support for policy development to guide identification, assessment, and intervention for children and families who have experienced SSA. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to examine and address these challenges with the goal of contributing to an evidence base that can inform policy and reduce barriers to care for children and families who have experienced SSA. Concerns related to identification including definitional issues and parental knowledge and perceptions are explored, as are those related to disclosure including child and caregiver perceptions and beliefs. Barriers related to treatment are discussed, including professional and caregiver response, and relevant cultural considerations. The paper concludes with a discussion of research and potential policy solutions aimed to address the identified challenges for children and families.
Mapping Conceptual Change: The Ideological Struggle for the Meaning of EFL in Uruguayan Education

Neoliberal ideology attempts to make all spheres of social life play by the rules of the market (Gray, 2000), and foreign language teaching is not an exception. The hegemonic role of English in the neoliberal project breeds it as a commodity that can satisfy non-native speakers' need to access the globalized world. In the 1990s, neoliberalism dominated the sociopolitical landscape of most Latin American countries. At the time, language policies in Uruguay sought to make English the foreign language par excellence, to the detriment of other languages such as French and Italian. The discourse of neoliberal language policies related the expansion of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) to a new global order that called for an instrumental language to help Uruguay become “a first world country,” and English was the key to open doors to globalization. During the first decade of the 21st century, however, the sociopolitical landscape of Uruguay shifted toward a left-wing ideology. Even though policies continued to promote EFL, they struggled to re-define its political meaning. As English was now seen as a symbol of imperialism (Phillipson, 1992) and colonialism (Pennycook, 1994, 1998, 2000), the only way for Uruguayan children to be critical of its hegemonic power was to learn the language through a pedagogy of empowerment. In this paper, I argue that the transition from neoliberal to left-wing ideology in central government brought about a political struggle (Koselleck, 1993, 2002) in which each ideology fought to (re)define EFL in its own terms. I will map this political struggle to define EFL in Uruguay by analyzing three official EFL-related documents written by policy makers and other stakeholders in the 1990s and 2000s, which represent the voices of neoliberal and left-wing policy makers, respectively.
Well-to-wheels Analysis of Energy Use and Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Hydrogen Produced with Nuclear Energy

A fuel cycle model—called the Greenhouse gases, Regulated Emissions, and Energy use in Transportation (GREET) model—has been developed to evaluate well-to-wheels (WTW) energy and emission impacts o...
Effect of capture frequency on the survival of Piping Plover chicks

Evaluating the possible effects of intensive research on species being studied and on the results of studies is important for both ethical and scientific reasons. We captured, banded, recaptured, and measured prefledged Piping Plover (Charadrius melodus) chicks during the 2010 breeding season at Lewis and Clark Lake on the Missouri River in South Dakota. We evaluated the potential for increased mortality related to frequent handling of chicks with an experiment that compared the survival of chicks handled a single time for banding (N = 48) to chicks handled repeatedly from hatch to fledge (N = 50). Estimates of daily survival rate (ϕ) for chicks in the two treatments did not differ (ϕsingle-capture = 0.984 ± 0.006, ϕmultiple-capture = 0.985 ± 0.006). Similar to previous studies, we found little evidence of increased prefledge mortality associated with frequent handling of Piping Plover chicks. However, because the effects of frequent handling of shorebird chicks may vary among species and other factors such as habitat quality (e.g., food availability), we suggest that, where possible, researchers include experiments similar to ours to evaluate possible research impacts, especially when studying threatened and endangered species. RESUMEN Efecto de la frecuencia de captura en la sobrevivencia de pichones de Charadrius melodus El evaluar los posibles efectos de investigaciones intensivas, en las especies estudiadas, y los resultados de dichos trabajos son muy importantes por razones tanto cientificas como eticas. Capturamos, medimos y anillamos pre-volantones de Charadrius melodius, durante la temporada reproductiva, en el lago Lewis y Clark del rio Missouri en Dakota del Sur. Evaluamos el potencial de incrementar la mortalidad, relacionada con la frecuencia de manipular pichones, en un experimento que comparo, la sobrevivencia de pichones que fueron capturados una sola vez, para ser anillados (N = 48), con pichones repetidamente manipulados desde que nacieron hasta que volaron (N = 50). No se encontro diferencia en los estimados de la tasa diaria de sobrevivencia (ϕ) para las dos categorias (ϕcaptura simple = 0.984 ± 0.006, ϕcaptura multiple = 0.985 ± 0.006). Al igual que en otros estudios, encontramos muy poca evidencia entre la frecuencia de manipulacion e incremento en la mortalidad en estas aves. Sin embargo, debido a que el efecto de la manipulacion de playeros, pudiera variar entre especies y otros factores como la calidad del habitat (ej. disponibilidad de alimento), sugerimos, cuando sea posible, que los investigadores incluyan experimentos similares a los nuestros, para evaluar el posible impacto del estudios, particularmente cuando se este trabajando con especies en peligro de extincion.
The effect of medium-chain triacylglycerols on the blood lipid profile of male endurance runners

Medium-chain triacylglycerol (MCT) oil is currently marketed for athletes as an ergogenic aid for optimal performance. Research assessing the blood lipid response of humans to MCT consumption is very limited and inconclusive. In this randomized cross-over study, male endurance runners (aged 30.5 +/- 5.5 years) were instructed to consume a low-fat diet (approximately 15% of energy) and consume either supplemental MCT oil (30 g twice each day) or long-chain triacylglycerol (LCT) oil (28 g corn oil twice each day) for 14 days. Each dietary trial was separated by at least 3 weeks. At the end of each trial, fasting blood samples were collected and analyzed for serum concentrations of total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), and triacylglycerol (TG). Concentrations of TC (3.83 +/- 0.12 vs. 3.41 +/- 0.15 mmol/L, P = 0.004), LDL-C (1.76 +/- 0.12 vs. 1.51 +/- 0.14 mmol/L, P = 0.033), and TG (1.26 +/- 0.14 vs. 0.98 +/- 0.12 mmol/L, P = 0.006) were higher following the MCT trial than following the LCT trial, respectively. HDL-C concentration did not differ significantly between trials (MCT 1.48 +/- 0.05 mmol/L vs. LCT 1.45 +/- 0.04 mmol/L, P = 0.465). Although blood lipids remained within desirable ranges established by the National Cholesterol Education Program, these results suggest that consumption of MCT oil for 2 weeks negatively alters the blood lipid profile of athletes. Future studies should determine the effects of longer periods of MCT supplementation on serum lipids of exercisers and other groups of individuals. With little data suggesting that MCT are ergogenic, the adverse effects of MCT on blood lipid concentrations may outweigh any proposed benefits for athletes.
Sex differences in hepatic oestrogen-binding proteins.

Gel-filtration (Sephadex G-75) analysis of hepatic cytosol reveals both qualitative and quantitative sex differences in oestrogen-binding proteins. The elution profile of [3H]oestradiol-labelled cytosol shows four species of oestrogen-binding proteins (peaks I, II, IV and V) common to both sexes. The amount of [3H]oestradiol binding in peak I is equivalent in both males and females and corresponds quantitatively to the specific oestrogen receptor. The amount of binding in the remaining three peaks is greater in males than females. In addition, an oestrogen-binding protein (peak III) is present that is unique to male cytosol. Proteinase-inhibition studies demonstrate that the observed multiplicity of oestrogen-binding proteins is not an artefact of proteolytic breakdown. Sex differences in oestrogen-binding proteins are absent in immature male and female animals; the oestrogen-binding protein profile in immature rats resembles that of an adult female. Gonadectomy of adult animals does not affect the oestrogen-binding-protein profile. In contrast, neonatal (day 1) castration results in partial feminization of the characteristic oestrogen-binding protein profile seen in the adult male; the appearance of Peak III is suppressed and marked decreases in the amount of oestradiol binding occurs in the remaining peaks. Hypophysectomy of adult animals results in near abolishment of the observed sex differences; the male oestrogen-binding protein profile is partially feminized and the female profile is partially masculinized, as characterized by the appearance of [3H]oestradiol binding in the region of peak III and increased amounts of binding in peaks IV and V. The present studies demonstrate a multiplicity of oestrogen-binding proteins in liver cytosol and raise the possibility that the presence of some of these proteins may be imprinted at birth through the hypothalamic–pituitary axis, by a mechanism requiring neonatal androgen exposure.
Understanding Links Between Punitive Parenting and Adolescent Adjustment: The Relevance of Context and Reciprocal Associations

There is considerable debate regarding the extent to which punitive parenting adversely impacts youth well being. Using an ecological-transactional model of human development, we examined reciprocity and contextual variability in associations between maternal punitive discipline and adolescent adjustment among 1,147 low-income, urban youth followed through adolescence. Longitudinal SEM results indicated that delinquency and depressive symptoms during pre- and early adolescence (Time 1) were associated with increased punitive discipline about a year later (Time 2). When mothers reported less Time 2 neighborhood disorder, punitive discipline at Time 2 was associated with increased delinquency (for boys) and depressive symptoms (for girls) during mid- to late adolescence (Time 3). The costs of punitive discipline for adolescent adjustment are best understood considering the dynamic, transactional, and contextual nature of development. Language: en
Tip of the Martian Iceberg

Surface features on Mars indicate that large amounts of water may have existed on the martian surface in the past. Where has the water gone? In his Perspective, Bell highlights the reports by Boynton et al., Feldman et al., and Mitrofanov et al., who have analyzed initial data from the Mars Odyssey mission. The results indicate that there may be large subsurface water ice deposits, especially toward the poles of our neighboring planet.
Experiments and Modeling of a Liquid Droplet Transported by a Gas Stream Impinging on a Heated Surface: Single Phase Regime

Understanding the transport mechanisms involved in a single droplet impinging on a heated surface is imperative to the complete understanding of droplet and spray cooling. Evidence in the literature shows that gas assisted droplet sprays and mist flows are more efficient than sprays consisting only of liquid droplets. In both cases, understanding the transport physics due to the heat transfer from the surface to the droplet and then by convection and evaporation to the airflow is of fundamental importance. The current work focuses on the behavior of a single droplet as it is propelled to the target by a gas jet impinging on a heated surface. The study is restricted to the single-phase regime. High-speed photography was used to capture the droplet dynamics, including the droplet spreading and receding processes, over a range of jet Reynolds numbers. The instantaneous heat transfer coefficient from the surface to the liquid droplet was measured using a heated foil technique with a constant surface heat flux. It was found that the gas jet contributes to an increase in the maximum spreading diameter and in the instantaneous heat transfer coefficient, compared to a free falling droplet impinging onto a surface. The instantaneous, maximum heat transfer coefficient is achieved at intermediate times, apparently when an optimum liquid film thickness is achieved.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
Re-evaluation of proposed C4 photosynthetic characteristics in the genus Larix

Richards, J. H. and Teeri, J. A. 1982. Re-evaluation of proposed C, photosyntheticcharacteristics in the genus Larix. — Physiol. Plant. 55; 117-120.It has been suggested previously that Japanese larch (Larix kaempferi) exhibitscharacteristics of C4 photosynthesis. To further evaluate this suggestion, stable car-bon isotope ratios were determined for leaf and bark tissue of Larix gmelini, L.kaempferi, L. taricina, L. lyallii, L. occidentalis, and L. sibirica. All ^^•'C values weremore negative than -22%.. Short-term labeling with "COj showed that phosphogly-ceric acid and other phosphorylated compounds were the first products of photosyn-thesis in L. sibirica. Both of these results strongly suggest that the initial fixation ofatmospheric CO, in these six Larix species is accomplished solely via the C3 photo-synthetic pathway.Additional key words - C3 photosynthesis, 6"C.J. H. Richards, Dept. of Range Science and the Ecology Center, UMC-52, Utah StateUniv., Logan, UT 84322, USA;J.A. Teeri, Barnes Lab. The Univ. of Chicago, 5630South Ingleside Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
EXAMINATION OF THE INFLUENCE OF CONTINGENCY ON CHANGES IN REINFORCER VALUE

This study examined how the amount of effort required to produce a reinforcer influenced subsequent preference for, and strength of, that reinforcer in 7 individuals with intellectual disabilities. Preference assessments identified four moderately preferred stimuli for each participant, and progressive-ratio (PR) analyses indexed reinforcer strength. Stimuli were then assigned to one of four conditions for 4 weeks: fixed-ratio (FR) 1 schedule, escalating FR schedule, yoked noncontingent (NCR) delivery, and restricted access. Preference assessments and PR schedules were then repeated to examine changes in selection percentages and PR break points. Selection percentages decreased for all NCR stimuli but increased for most of the restricted stimuli. There were no systematic changes in selection percentages for either of the contingent stimuli. Break points increased, on average, for all conditions, but the increase was highest for the restricted stimuli and lowest for the NCR stimuli. These results are discussed in relation to recent basic research addressing the influence of effort on stimulus value.
A study of genes that may modulate the expression of hereditary hemochromatosis: transferrin receptor-1, ferroportin, ceruloplasmin, ferritin light and heavy chains, iron regulatory proteins (IRP)-1 and -2, and hepcidin.

Abstract ABSTRACT We have examined transferrin receptor-1, ferroportin, ceruloplasmin, ferritin light and heavy chains, iron regulatory proteins (IRP)-1 and -2, and hepcidin for mutations that might modulate the iron burden of individuals harboring the common mutant hemochromatosis HFE genotype C282Y/C282Y or cause hemochromatosis independent of mutations in the HFE gene. In a group of white, Asian, and African–American normal and iron-overloaded individuals, the coding and flanking regions of these genes were completely sequenced. Numerous coding region and promoter polymorphisms were detected. These were further examined for association with differences in iron accumulation as measured by plasma transferrin saturation and ferritin levels, but no such association could be documented.
THE L5 BAYARD METEORITE: A 1982 FIND

The Bayard chondrite, found in western Nebraska in 1982, is a single mass of 75 kg. Composition of olivine (Fa 24.5) and orthopyroxene (Fs 22.0), along with bulk composition, support an L-classification. The presence of equilibrated and partially recrystallized minerals indicate petrologic type 5 classification.
Discrepancy Analysis: A Quantitative Technique for Curriculum Development

(1983). Discrepancy Analysis: A Quantitative Technique for Curriculum Development. The Clearing House: A Journal of Educational Strategies, Issues and Ideas: Vol. 56, No. 5, pp. 223-229.
The standard metabolism of adolescence

Summary The results of a longitudinal study over a period of five years of the standard metabolism of a group of thirteen boys and eight girls between the ages of 10 and 16 years is described. The difficulty of obtaining constant determinations with children of that age period did not appear to be a problem. After the second determination, they became accustomed to the procedure and check results were readily, obtainable. The average mean variation for the girls was −0.29 calories per square meter per hour, and for the boys it was +0.04 calories per square meter per hour. In general, there was a gradual decrease in the relative heat production between the ages of 10 and 16 years. This decrease was most marked between the ages of 11 and 12 years on both the boys and the girls. This was found to be great enough to be statistically significant when tested by the method of Fisher.11 The boys showed a higher basal metabolism than the girls. This relativeincrease was present at the age of 10 years, before marked skeletal changes due to sexual differences had taken place. The values of basal metabolism for boys obtained in the present studyagree closely with those previously reported by Bierring.2 In the case of the girls, they agree almost exactly with those obtained by Kestner and Knipping.7 The values obtained for both the boys and the girls are considerably lower than the original Aub and DuBois standards. For general clinical purposes it would appear that the Bierringstandards for boys and the Kestner and Knipping ones for girls most nearly meet the requirements for normal children, of this age period. No evidence of an increase in the average relative heat production atthe time of so-called “puberty” was found. The onset of menstrual function in the girls was not associated with a change in relative heat production. The total heat production increases with increasing height and weight. In the girls this increase did not hold true after 141/2 years. The total calories of the boys continued to increase after 16 years in spite of a marked decrease in growth rate.
MO‐D‐141‐10: Development of 4D XCAT Pediatric Reference Phantoms for Multi‐Modality Imaging Research and Optimization

Purpose: A set of 4D Extended Cardiac‐Torso (XCAT) pediatric reference phantoms were created for multimodality imaging research, which have highly detailed whole‐body anatomies, including cardiac and respiratory functions. Models were created for newborn, 1‐year, 5‐year, 10‐year, and 15‐year old males and females capturing the anatomical variations of childhood development. Methods: The initial anatomy of each phantom was obtained from the Duke University PET‐CT database. The major organs and structures for each phantom were segmented from the corresponding data using semiautomatic and manual segmentation. 3D Non‐Uniform Rational B‐Spline (NURBS) surfaces were fitted to the segmented data. Arms and legs were manually attached using scaled versions of the original XCAT adult male and female phantoms. Some patient datasets had incomplete skulls; skullcaps were manually matched to complete the skulls of these datasets. A multichannel large deformation diffeomorphic metric mapping (MC‐LDDMM) algorithm was used to calculate the transform from a template XCAT phantom to the target patient model, which filled in unsegmented structures within the target phantom and implemented the 4D cardiac and respiratory models in the new anatomy. Organ weights were matched to the 50th percentile ICRP publication 89 values within 5%. Results: A reference set of 10 pediatric phantoms were created with thousands of anatomical structures and cardiac and respiratory motions. These phantoms can be combined with existing simulation packages to simulate realistic imaging data. The phantoms provide a valuable tool to investigate radiation dose and image quality optimization. Conclusion: The development of patient‐derived pediatric computational phantoms is useful in providing variable anatomies for simulation. Future work will expand this 10‐phantom base to a host of pediatric phantoms representative of the public at large. This can provide a means to evaluate and improve pediatric imaging devices and to optimize CT protocols in terms of image quality and radiation dose.
The token test: Validity and diagnostic power in Alzheimer's disease

The Token Test was introduced by DeRenzi and Vignolo (1962) with the intent of providing a sensitive and specific measure of auditory comprehension. Nevertheless, many nonlinguistic factors are also important in determining test performance. We assessed Token Test performance in patients classified as “probable Alzheimer's disease” according to National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke‐Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Association criteria. We used a short version of the Token Test, the Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE, an indicator of global cognitive integrity), and a battery of tests designed to measure many specific neuropsychological functions. We show that this version of the Token Test correlates weakly with a measure of simple auditory‐verbal comprehension but highly with the MMSE. On the basis of an item analysis, it is suggested that demented patients do poorly on the Token Test mainly due to perseveration rather than due to difficulty with auditory‐ver...
Postgrowth heat-treatment effects in high-purity liquid-phase-epitaxial In0.53Ga0.47As

Heat treatment at 670°C for 20 min has been performed on high-purity In0.53Ga0.47As/InP: Fe layers grown by different melt-baking schemes. Layers with higher purity (μ77 K 55000 cm2/Vs) exhibit increased resistivity and the presence of a deep level after the heat treatment. It is possible that the deep level, apparently 0.56 eV above the valence band, results from Fe outdiffusion from the substrate.
Regulation of aquatic diptera by planaria

The planarian,Dugesia dorotocephala (Woodworth) demonstrated a capacity to regulate two experimental host groups,Culex mosquitoes and chironomid midges, at low densities in south California. Inoculations in 1974 of 5 mature planaria/m2 of water surface in flood control settling basins produced 82.4%, 60.6% and 63.7% chironomid control in August, September and October, respectively. Laboratory tests produced 86.7% larval kill in 24 hrs and 100% in 48 hrs. In rice paddy habitatsCulex tarsalisCoquillett andC. peusSpeiser were reduced by 79.3%, 75.0% and 77.3% in August, September and October, respectively, by planaria inoculations of 25/m2 of water surface. A tendency to prefer later instars was indicated.Dugesia were observed to persist in all treated replicates through the study period; and although exact densities could not be estimated, at least a quadrupling of their population appeared to have occurred in 4 months following inoculations in June and July. Planaria offer practical and possibly superior alternatives to chemical pesticides in the control of some aquatic Diptera.
Computer simulation of a rotary dryer. Part I: Retention time

A computer model of a single-pass, rotary-drum dryer with or without a center-fill flighting section, describes the drying behavior of wood particles within the drum. This part of a two-part study examines retention time; the second part incorporates heat and mass transfer for the complete drying model. Simulation results with retention time data from a large-scale rotary dryer showed a favorable comparison, with a root mean square error of 14.2%.
Optimal Peer-to-Peer Schedulingfor Mobile Wireless Networkswith Redundantly Distributed Data

This paper considers peer-to-peer scheduling for a network with multiple wireless devices. A subset of the devices are mobile users that desire specific files. Each user may already have certain popular files in its cache. The remaining devices are access points that typically have a larger set of files. Users can download packets of their requested file from an access point or from another user. A dynamic algorithm that opportunistically grabs packets from current neighbors is developed. Under a simple model where each user desires a single file with infinite length, the algorithm is shown to optimize utility while incentivizing participation. The algorithm extends as an efficient heuristic in more general cases with finite file sizes and random active and idle periods. Example simulations demonstrate the dramatic throughput gains enabled by wireless peering.
I'd rather watch the movie than read the book

Abstract Geographers have been using film as a pedagogic device for some time, but it is not until recently that the full power of this medium has been recognised within the discipline as a forceful determinant of cultural norms. When using film in the classroom, I argue that there is not only a need to consider carefully the narrative of conventions followed by film‐makers but also a need for awareness of the possibility subtexts within the film which mark significant cultural and political biases. This is equally as true of ‘objective’ documentary cinema as it is of narrative or fictional cinema. Examples of movies that I have used in the classroom are discussed in order to suggest that narrative cinema can make an important contribution to the geography curriculum in higher education.
Substance Abuse Policies in Long-Term Care Facilities: A Survey with Implications for Education of Long-Term Care Providers

The aging of the Baby Boom presents long-term care with many new challenges. Among these are the historically high levels of drug use by this cohort. This study surveyed administrators of licensed skilled nursing facilities in the Commonwealth of Kentucky regarding their perception of current drug use by residents, facility policies and procedures currently in place regarding illicit drug use, and their attitudes toward use of illicit drugs by residents. The results of interviews with 40 administrators or their designees revealed that they have experienced little problem with use or abuse of illegal drugs by residents. Fewer than one-third of the facilities had formal policies in place regarding illegal drug use. Only 10% had any experience with requests for medical marijuana, but almost one in five had a policy on the matter and nearly one-third stated they would support medical marijuana use by some of their residents if the matter arose. These authors recommend the following: (a) that the issue of illi...