cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of steam environment on high-temperature mechanical behavior of NextelTM720/alumina (N720/A) continuous fiber ceramic composite

Abstract Mechanical behavior of an oxide–oxide continuous fiber ceramic composite (CFCC) consisting of a porous alumina matrix reinforced with laminated, woven mullite/alumina fibers (Nextel TM 720) was investigated at 1200 and 1330 °C in laboratory air and in 100% steam environments. CFCC has no interface between the fiber and matrix, and relies on the porous matrix for flaw tolerance. Tension–tension fatigue behavior was studied for fatigue stresses ranging from 100 to 170 MPa at 1200 °C, and for fatigue stresses of 50 and 100 MPa at 1330 °C. Tensile creep behavior was examined for creep stresses ranging from 80 to 154 MPa at 1200 °C, and for creep stresses of 50 and 100 MPa at 1330 °C. At 1200 °C, the CFCC exhibited excellent fatigue resistance in laboratory air. The fatigue limit (based on a run-out condition of 10 5 cycles) was 170 MPa (88% UTS at 1200 °C). The material retained 100% of its tensile strength. Presence of steam caused noticeable degradation in fatigue performance at 1200 °C. Fatigue resistance at 1330 °C was poor. In creep tests, primary and secondary creep regimes were observed. Minimum creep rate was reached in all tests. At 1200 °C, creep rates were 10 −8 –10 −5 s −1 and maximum time to rupture was 255 h. At 1330 °C, creep rates were 10 −7 –10 −5 s −1 and maximum time to rupture was 87 h. Presence of steam accelerated creep rates and dramatically reduced creep life.
Are there nonlinear speculative bubbles in commodities prices

Daily price movements of seventeen commodities are tested for the possible presence of nonlinear speculative bubbles during 1991-2012. A VAR model for logarithmic first differences of each is estimated with one-year Treasury bill rates, U.S. dollar value, a world stock market index, and an overall commodities price index using Hamilton regime switching and Hurst rescaled range tests. Residuals after removing ARCH for all seventeen commodity price series are tested for remaining nonlinearity using the BDS test. These tests fail to reject the presence of bubble-like trends and nonlinearity beyond ARCH for all seventeen commodity series. However, we note that we are unable to overcome the misspecified fundamentals problem, which means we cannot argue that we have definitely found speculative bubbles. At most we can argue that our results indicate that these markets appear to exhibit excess volatility and unexplained trends.
The cracked tooth syndrome: additional findings

Factors in the diagnosis and treatment of cracked teeth are presented on the basis of an examination of 102 cracked posterior teeth. A ten-year study was made of the cracked tooth syndrome, in which 102 posterior teeth with cracks were investigated. Early diagnosis and treatment can prevent further cracking into the pulp and fracture of the tooth.
Photochemical purging of autologous bone marrow grafts : assessment of damage to stem cells and the microenvironment in long-term marrow cultures

Photochemical purging of autologous bone marrow grafts: assessment of damage to stem cells and the microenvironment in long-term marrow cultures
Aperture codes for sensors viewing extended objects from space

The paper describes aperture codes viewing extended objects form space which find application in imaging an extended object which may have relatively low contrast, and whose lateral limits extend beyond the FOV of the sensor. Those elements of an extended object lying near the FOV limits are only partially coded, i.e., flux from those elements cannot cast a shadow of the entire aperture code onto the detector, as can elements near the center of the FOV. This has consequences for the algorithms used to reconstruct the image. The object field is divided into a number of elements which is smaller than the number of detector pixels, and a least squares fit to the data is performed. The methods used for choosing the matrices representing the aperture codes are discussed, and computer simulations of the effects of noise are described.
Chemotactic response of rat mammary adenocarcinoma cell clones to tumor-derived cytokines

A cytokine with an apparent molecular weight of 53,000 daltons was isolated from serum-free medium conditioned by MTLn3 cells or from homogenates of MTLn3 cells, a highly metastatic variant of the rat 13762NF mammary adenocarcinoma. The chemotactic responses of MTLn3 and the low metastatic variant MTLn2 cells to this cytokine were tested in vitro using modified Boyden chambers. Both the chemotactic and chemokinetic movements of MTLn3 cells were stimulated by the MTLn3-derived cytokine. In addition, the MTLn3-derived cytokine stimulated a relatively small, but significant chemotactic migration of MTLn2 tumor cells, while these cells did not respond to medium conditioned by MTLn2 cells. MTLn3 cells themselves did not respond chemotactically to type I collagen or medium conditioned by MTLn2 cells. These results suggest that the chemotactic response may be a function of metastatic potential of the invading tumor cells. The production of tumor cytokines that enhance tumor cell motility may thus represent a phenotypic difference between 13762NF tumor cell subpopulations of high and low metastatic potential.
S07-03 - Pharmacotherapy of male sexual dysfunction: From serendipidity to rational approach to treatment

Pharmacotherapy of male sexual dysfunction(s) has developed similar to pharmacotherapy of depression. Some of the treatments for male sexual dysfunctions have been used based on old observations or myths (e.g., so called aphrodisiacs), some based on intuition (e.g. hormones for hypoactive sexual desire disorder), and some were discovered serendipitously (e.g., PDE-5 inhibitors). New, “me-too” PDE-5 inhibitors (e.g., avanafil, mirodenafil, udenafil) are being developed, similar to the development of new antidepressants. A rational approach to pharmacotherapy of hypoactive sexual desire disorder, male erectile disorder and premature ejaculation is being conceptualized (no pharmacotherapy for delayed orgasm is available at present). For instance, the approach to treatment of erectile dysfunction has been frequently staged into three levels (Level I: psychotherapy, oral preparations including hormones, vacuum erectile devices; Level II: intraurethral and intracorporeal application of various preparations; Level III: microsurgery, prosthesis). The management of pharmacotherapy failures, as well as combination of approaches to sexual dysfunctions, (e.g., PDE-5 and hormones for erectile dysfunction) have not been systematically studied. This presentation discusses a rational approach to staging pharmacotherapy of male sexual dysfunction and will also discuss potential combination of therapeutic modalities, especially for treatment resistant cases.
Terminal differentiation of nuchal ligament fibroblasts: Characterization of synthetic properties and responsiveness to external stimuli☆

Abstract The temporal expression of elastogenesis is unique among connective tissues in that elastin production occurs primarily during late fetal and early neonatal periods and is essentially fully repressed once fiber assembly is completed. To test whether elastin synthesis in adult nuchal ligament fibroblasts is permanently repressed or whether the cells retain the ability to reinitiate production upon proper stimulation, we examined in adult ligament cells various parameters known to be involved in the regulation of elastin production. Elastin synthetic capacity, as determined by the levels of steady-state tropoelastin mRNA, of adult tissue was significantly decreased relative to fetal tissue. Likewise, fibroblasts grown from explants of adult ligament had about a fourfold decrease in elastin production and elastin-specific mRNA levels. On the other hand, adult cells were similar to fetal ligament cells in that they were sensitive to gluococorticoid stimulation and demonstrated chemotactic responsiveness to elastin peptides. Since our previous studies have shown that the extracellular matrix (ECM) plays an important role in influencing elastin phenotypic expression, fetal and adult fibroblasts were grown on slices of nonviable adult ligament to test if repression of elastin production was directed by factors in ECM of adult tissues. No change in elastin synthesis was detected with either cell type grown on adult ligament, whereas both fetal and adult cells demonstrated increased elastin production in response to contact with fetal ligament. These results suggest that adult ligament ECM does not provide a metabolic signal to shut off the elastin gene and that adult cells remain responsive to external stimuli that may reinitiate high levels of elastin synthesis.
Major normal and superconducting parameters of high-Tc oxides

The major normal and superconducting parameters of the high-${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}$ oxides have been evaluated. The analysis based on a Fermi-liquid approach is carried out in reciprocal space: the anisotropy of the system is reflected in the shape of the Fermi surface. The analysis is valid for any form of the Fermi curve. The small value of the Fermi energy and the Fermi velocity we obtained along with the presence of a layered structure are the key features of the cuprates. The coherence length ${\ensuremath{\xi}}_{0}$ is evaluated and appears to be short. The value of ${\mathit{H}}_{\mathit{c}2}$ is calculated in a self-consistent way. The method of evaluation of the strength of the electron-phonon coupling is developed and leads to a strong coupling which, however, is not sufficient to give the observed value of ${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}$. The effects of anisotropy and multigap structure are discussed.
Control of Gene Expression with Small Molecules: Biotin-Mediated Acylation of Targeted Lysine Residues in Recombinant Yeast

Chemical inducers of dimerization (CIDs) are powerful tools for controlling diverse cellular processes. These small molecules typically form strong noncovalent interactions with proteins. We report a related approach involving covalent acylation of a specific lysine residue of a target protein by the small molecule biotin. To control protein-protein interactions with biotin, the biotin protein ligase BirA from E. coli was coexpressed in yeast with a streptavidin-LexA fusion protein and Avitag or BCCP biotin acceptor peptides fused to the B42 activation domain. The addition of biotin (10 nM) resulted in BirA-mediated biotinylation of the biotin acceptor protein, recruitment to LexA DNA sites, and maximal activation of reporter gene expression in this yeast tribrid system. The high potency, low toxicity, and low molecular weight of biotin as a covalent CID are attractive properties for controlling cellular processes.
Efficient semisystolic architectures for finite-field arithmetic

Finite fields have been used for numerous applications including error-control coding and cryptography. The design of efficient multipliers, dividers, and exponentiators for finite field arithmetic is of great practical concern. In this paper, we explore and classify algorithms for finite field multiplication, squaring, and exponentiation into least significant bit first (LSB-first) scheme and most significant bit first (MSB-first) scheme, and implement these algorithms using semisystolic arrays. For finite field multiplication (for programmable as well as fixed field order) and exponentiation, we conclude that LSB-first algorithms are more efficient as their basic cells have less critical path computation time. Another advantage of LSB-first scheme is its capability of achieving substructure sharing among multiple operations, which could lead to savings in hardware when these arithmetic units are used as building blocks for a large system. For finite field squaring operation, it turns out that the MSB-first algorithm is more efficient as it leads to simpler architectures. Bit-level pipelined semisystolic architectures utilize broadcast signals. As a result, these require much less number of latches and lead to much smaller latency than the corresponding systolic array, with the same cycle time (the computation time in one basic cell). Efficient VLSI implementation of semisystolic multipliers, squarers and exponentiators are designed and compared with existing architectures. A novel architecture for computing AB/sup n/+C using power representation is also presented.
Nontraumatic Abdominal Pain in Pregnancy: Imaging Considerations for a Multiorgan System Problem

Nontraumatic abdominal pain in the pregnant patient can present a clinician with a variety of diagnostic possibilities. The overlap between signs and symptoms expected in normal pregnancy and these many pathologic possibilities does little to help focus the clinician's diagnostic efforts. Fear of ionizing radiation's effects on the fetus has driven efforts to refine medical imaging algorithms in such a way as to attempt to eliminate its use at all cost. In today's world, we are nearly there. In this review the differential diagnosis of nontraumatic abdominal pain in the pregnant patient will be explored. Of note is the recurring theme that much of what can be done today with regard to diagnostic imaging, both in general and with regard to this specific subset of patients, centers on the use of the non-ionizing modalities of ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging.
MEASUREMENT OF FLOW PROPERTIES OF FLUID FOODS ‐ DEVELOPMENTS, LIMITATIONS, AND INTERPRETATION OF PHENOMENA

Rheological behavior of fluid foods is described with examples under each type of behavior. Benefits of fundamental rheological data are illustrated for engineering studies, sensory evaluation, and detection of compositional changes. Some problems likely to be encountered due to sampling are discussed along with possible remedies. Theoretical bases for the proper use of capillary, concentric, and plate and cone visco- meters are outlined as well as the effects of violating the theoretical requirements. Xeld stress and rheological equations employed to describe foods possessing yield stress are reviewed. Use of mixers as viscometers for studying flow properties of foods is covered.
The Role of Dietary Protein Intake in the Prevention of Sarcopenia of Aging

Sarcopenia is defined as an age-related decrease in muscle mass and performance. Several consensus definitions of sarcopenia exist, each providing different cut points and methodologies for assessing muscle mass and muscle strength. Thus, wide variation in the prevalence of sarcopenia has been reported, generally ranging up to 45% for men and 26% for women. Risk factors for sarcopenia include age, malnutrition, and physical inactivity. Additional evidence suggests a protective role for protein supplementation in older adults to preserve lean body mass and prevent frailty, accepted intervention targets for reducing the risk of sarcopenia. Protein supplements vary widely in their composition, and small trials of heterogeneous study designs have made it difficult to extrapolate findings to develop data-driven, evidence-based recommendations for protein supplementation in sarcopenia prevention. Short-term randomized controlled trials of muscle protein synthesis have demonstrated that whey protein increases synthesis more so than casein or soy isolates. Studies also suggest that essential amino acids stimulate muscle protein synthesis to a greater extent than nonessential amino acids. This review summarizes the epidemiological and clinical trial evidence establishing the current definitions for sarcopenia and provides an overview of the state of the evidence for protein supplementation to prevent and/or mitigate sarcopenia.
Computational Issues in Biomedical Nanometrics and Nano-materials

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Safety profile of RNAi nanomedicines

Abstract The emerging class of RNA interference (RNAi) therapeutics is a fundamentally novel approach to treating human disease by enabling the pursuit of molecular targets considered “undruggable” by small molecules and traditional protein therapeutics. A key challenge toward realizing the full potential of this technology is the safe and efficient delivery of siRNA to target tissues. The physical chemical properties of siRNAs preclude passive diffusion across most cell membranes. For systemic administration, novel delivery systems are required to confer “drug-like” pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties. Engineered nanomaterials and the emerging field of nanomedicine are important drivers of turning the promise of RNAi therapeutics into reality. The current clinical progress of systemically administered siRNA therapeutics is reviewed, with special attention to the toxicity profiles associated with RNAi nanomedicines. As a case study, the preclinical development of ALN-VSP, the first lipid nanoparticle (LNP)-formulated siRNA therapeutic to be tested in cancer patients, is reviewed to broadly highlight some of the preclinical safety challenges and areas of investigation for “next generation” LNP systems.
Tumor-to-Tumor Metastasis from Hematopoietic Neoplasms to Meningiomas: Report of Two Patients with Significant Cerebral Edema

Background Tumor-to-tumor metastasis is a rare, but well-reported, curiosity in which one type of primary neoplasm metastasizes to another primary tumor type within the same person. Often there are limited clinical consequences and the condition is an incidental finding identified only on microscopic examination of a resected specimen. Objective To report two examples of benign meningiomas in which metastatic tumor deposits from the patient's hematopoietic neoplasm to the meningioma caused significant peritumoral edema, necessitating semiemergent surgical resection. Clinical suspicion in both patients was an atypical or anaplastic meningioma due to the edema. Results One patient had multiple myeloma associated with extensive necrosis within his otherwise benign convexity meningioma; first diagnosis of his IgG, kappa-restricted plasma cell dyscrasia was made from this tumor-to-tumor meningioma specimen. Subsequent workup revealed systemic disease. The second patient carried a diagnosis of marginal zone lymphoma but then presented 5 years later with symptoms referable to a large dural-based mass with significant surrounding edema, prompting surgical removal. Dural marginal zone lymphoma was identified within epidural, intradural, and subdural spaces, in the same location as an underlying benign meningioma. Conclusions Although rare, neurosurgeons should be aware of the entity of tumor-to-tumor metastasis as, in large series, meningiomas are the third most frequent recipient tumor type and pituitary adenomas, the fifth most frequent, probably reflecting their rich vascularity. In examples where the donor tumor type is a hematopoietic neoplasm, significant edema can be produced by the tumor-to-tumor metastasis.
The Enemy among Us: Do School Administrators Perceive Students with Disabilities as a Threat?.

In the United States, students with disabilities are disproportionately exposed to exclusionary discipline. Using Intergroup Threat Theory, literature was analyzed to identify expressed perceptions from school administrators that indicated perceived threat. Analysis revealed perceived threats to administrator beliefs, values, job performance, and available resources for themselves and their school communities. Intervention to alleviate this perception of threat should seek to expand administrators' knowledge of diversity, specifically for students with disabilities, and provide increased opportunities for personal contact between administrators and students with disabilities.
Health and economic impact of rotavirus vaccination in GAVI-eligible countries

Background: Rotavirus infection is responsible for about 500,000 deaths annually, and the disease burden is disproportionately borne by children in low-income countries. Recently the World Health Organization (WHO) has released a global recommendation that all countries include infant rotavirus vaccination in their national immunization programs. Our objective was to provide information on the expected health, economic and financial consequences of rotavirus vaccines in the 72 GAVI support-eligible countries. Methods: We synthesized population-level data from various sources (primarily from global-level databases) for the 72 countries eligible for the support by the GAVI Alliance (GAVI-eligible countries) in order to estimate the health and economic impact associated with rotavirus vaccination programs. The primary outcome measure was incremental cost (in 2005 international dollars [I$]) per disability-adjusted life year (DALY) averted. We also projected the expected reduction in rotavirus disease burden and financial resources required associated with a variety of scale-up scenarios. Results: Under the base-case assumptions (70% coverage), vaccinating one single birth cohort would prevent about 55% of rotavirus associated deaths in the 72 GAVI-eligible countries. Assuming I$25 per vaccinated child (~$5 per dose), the number of countries with the incremental cost per DALY averted less than I$200 was 47. Using the WHO's costeffectiveness threshold based on per capita GDP, the vaccines were considered cost-effective in 68 of the 72 countries (~94%). A 10-year routine rotavirus vaccination would prevent 0.9-2.8 million rotavirus associated deaths among children under age 5 in the poorest parts of the world, depending on vaccine scale-up scenarios. Over the same intervention period, rotavirus vaccination programs would also prevent 4.5-13.3 million estimated cases of hospitalization and 41-107 million cases of outpatient clinic visits in the same population. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that rotavirus vaccination would be considered a worthwhile investment for improving general development as well as childhood health level in most low-income countries, with a favorable costeffectiveness profile even under a vaccine price ($1.5-$5.0 per dose) higher than those of traditional childhood vaccines.
In Search of `the Appropriate' Unit of Analysis for Sociocultural Research:

The polysemic notion of `unit of analysis' has been developed by Gestalt psychologists and fruitfully used by Vygotsky in the struggle against reductionism in psychology. Currently, it has been appropriated by a sociocultural approach for criticizing cognitive approaches for using the `individual as unit of analysis'. In this article, I argue that a sociocultural approach is experiencing a crisis as it is being affected by holism—a tendency to include the universal whole in the studied phenomenon. I propose and discuss alternatives to reductionism and holism for a sociocultural approach.
A generalized algorithm for evaluating distributed-program reliability

A one-step algorithm, GEAR (generalized evaluation algorithm for reliability), is introduced that computes the reliability of a distributed computing system (DCS), which usually consists of processing element, memory unit, input/output devices, data-files, and programs as its shared resources. The probability that a task or an application can be computed successfully by sharing the required resources on the DCS is termed the system reliability. Some of the important reliabilities defined using the above concept are discussed, including terminal-pair, computer-network, distributed-program, and distributed-system. GEAR is general enough to compute all four of these parameters, and does not require any prior knowledge about multiterminal connections for computing reliability expression. Many examples are included to illustrate the usefulness of GEAR for computing reliability measures of a DCS. >
PKA-dependent ENaC trafficking requires the SNARE-binding protein complexin

Acute regulation of epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) function at the apical surface of polarized kidney cortical collecting duct (CCD) epithelial cells occurs in large part by changes in channel nu...
Role of Inositol in the Treatment of Psychiatric Disorders

Myo-inositol is a ubiquitous carbohydrate that is present in large amounts in brain tissue and is involved in neuronal signalling and osmoregulation. This sugar is an essential component of the inositol signalling system, which is a post-receptor second messenger signalling system found in many cells. Myo-inositol is the precursor of membrane inositol phospholipids, which are critically linked to a number of CNS receptor signalling systems, including muscarinic, serotonergic, adrenergic, metabotropic and histaminergic systems, and those linked to cholecystokinin, tachykinins, neurotensin, platelet activating factor and other transmitters.
Single nanoparticle collisions at microfluidic microband electrodes: the effect of electrode material and mass transfer.

We report on the effect of convection on electrochemically active collisions between individual Pt nanoparticles (PtNPs) and Hg and Au electrodes. Compared to standard electrochemical cells utilizing Hg and Au ultramicroelectrodes (UMEs) used in previous studies of electrocatalytic amplification, microelectrochemical devices offer two major advantages. First, the PtNP limit of detection (0.084 pM) is ∼8 times lower than the lowest concentration measured using UMEs. Second, convection enhances the mass transfer of PtNPs to the electrode surface, which enhances the collision frequency from ∼0.02 pM–1 s–1 on UMEs to ∼0.07 pM–1 s–1 in microelectrochemical devices. We also show that the size of PtNPs can be measured in flowing systems using data from collision experiments and then validate this finding using multiphysics simulations.
The rock magnetism of the Mississippian Madison Limestone north-central Wyoming

Summary. A history of remanence acquisition in the Madison Limestone in north-central Wyoming suggests that many processes affected the primary magnetization, including (1) dolomitization, (2) solution of evaporites during uplift in the Late Mississippian and (3) partial remagnetization in the Late Cretaceous or Cenozoic. The stability and intensity of the magnetization was greatest in the dolomitic limestones, while the dolomites and the less intense fossiliferous limestones contained magnetization of intermediate directional stability. The coarse- and fine-grained limestones gave erratic directions. The preservation of the Mississippian magnetization in the dolomitic limestone from the lower portion of the Madison testifies to the delicate mechanism of the dolomitization process, and suggests that the dolomitization may even have aided in the preservation of the magnetization. The presence of solution features corresponds closely to the presence of unstable directional behaviour. It appears that the formation of these features by solution of the evaporite beds led to the destruction of the primary remanence in the upper portion of the Madison. Thermomagnetic curves indicate the presence in the lower portion of the Madison of almost pure magnetite. Although thermomagnetic curves from the upper portion are irreversible, alternating field and thermal demagnetization experiments show intensity changes similar to those from the lower portion, suggesting a similar magnetic mineral. Isothermal remanent magnetization acquisition curves also suggest the presence of a large amount of hematite or goethite in over half the samples which apparently did not contribute significantly to the natural remanent magnetization.
Application of a daily low magnitude mechanical signal reduces adiposity in male mice

The development of obesity and diabetes is often attributable to a sedentary lifestyle, with a common therapeutic intervention being exercise.1 While the presumption has been that more strenuous workouts are more effective in the suppression of adipogenesis, here we show that 15 weeks of brief, daily exposure to high frequency, low magnitude mechanical signals suppresses adipogenesis by 26% in the young adult mouse. Concomitant with this decrease in fat, we observe an increase in both lean volume and bone volume of the animal. Biochemically, this mechanical signal reduces non-esterified free fatty acid and triglyceride content in the liver by 43% and 39%, respectively. The applied signal is induced at a magnitude well below that which would arise during walking and is relatively short in duration. The brevity and low intensity of this mechanical intervention suggests a powerful means of inhibiting the formation of adipose tissue, and subsequently lowering free fatty acid and triglyceride content in several key tissues.
Improving TV Transmitter System VSWR and Related Frequency Response

This paper establishes the quantitative relation between a TV transmitter load VSWR and the system frequency response. The need for a low value of VSWR is stressed, particularly for multimode transmitting systems.
Parent Overweight Predicts Daughters’ Increase in BMI and Disinhibited Overeating from 5 to 13 Years

Objective To assess whether parental overweight status and disinhibited overeating are predictive of daughters’ accelerated weight gain and disinhibited overeating.
Virulence, transmission, and heterologous protection of four isolates of Haemophilus parasuis.

Haemophilus parasuis causes Glasser's disease, a syndrome of polyserositis, meningitis, and arthritis in swine. Previous studies with H. parasuis have revealed virulence disparity among isolates and inconsistent heterologous protection. In this study, virulence, direct transmission, and heterologous protection of 4 isolates of H. parasuis (SW114, 12939, MN-H, and 29755) were evaluated using a highly susceptible pig model. In an initial experiment, isolates 12939, MN-H, and 29755 caused Glasser's disease, while strain SW114 failed to cause any clinical signs of disease. One pig from each group challenged with MN-H or 29755 failed to develop clinical disease but was able to transmit H. parasuis to noninfected pigs, which subsequently developed Glasser's disease. Pigs colonized with SW114, 29755, or MN-H that were free of clinical disease were protected from a subsequent challenge with isolate 12939. In a following experiment, pigs vaccinated with strain SW114 given as either a bacterin intramuscularly or a live intranasal vaccine were protected from subsequent challenge with isolate 12939; however, some pigs given live SW114 developed arthritis. Overall these studies demonstrated that pigs infected with virulent isolates of H. parasuis can remain healthy and serve as reservoirs for transmission to naive pigs and that heterologous protection among H. parasuis isolates is possible. In addition, further attenuation of strain SW114 is necessary if it is to be used as a live vaccine.
Simulated extension osteotomy of the thumb metacarpal reduces carpometacarpal joint laxity in lateral pinch.

Abstract Purpose: To assess the effect of an extension osteotomy of the thumb metacarpal on thumb carpometacarpal (CMC) joint laxity with respect to the lateral pinch position. Methods: Seven fresh-frozen specimens were dissected. The metacarpal, trapezium, and trapezoid were removed en bloc and rigidly fixed proximally and distally. The laxity of each specimen was measured by cyclically loading the CMC joint in a custom-built laxity testing device designed to allow relative movement of the trapezium and first metacarpal in 4 directions. The position of the CMC joint in lateral pinch was used as the baseline joint position. An extension osteotomy then was simulated by flexing the metacarpal base 30°, thus placing the joint in the relationship it would assume if an extension osteotomy was performed and the specimen was positioned in lateral pinch. Laxity measurements then were repeated. Results: The simulated extension osteotomy reduced laxity in all directions tested: dorsal-volar (40% reduction), radial-ulnar (23% reduction), distraction (15% reduction), and pronation-supination (29% reduction). Conclusions: The beneficial clinical effects of a thumb metacarpal extension osteotomy may be partially due to reduced joint laxity in the position of lateral pinch.
A cylindrical triboelectric energy harvester for capsule endoscopes

Capsule endoscopy is a new technology that has the potential to replace conventional endoscopy in the near future due to its non-invasive nature. A major limitation for their functionality is the limited battery life. We have investigated a triboelectric energy harvester inside a capsule endoscope that can generate power from natural contractions of gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The periodic contacts and separations of two triboelectric materials inside the capsule endoscope create an alternating current that can be used to charge the capsule endoscope battery, which is used for imaging the GI tract. This study presents an analytical closed form solution for the output power of a cylindrical triboelectric energy harvester. Energy harvester sizes have been optimized to maximize the output power.
On Integrating Continous Simulation and Statistical Methods for Evaluating Urban Stormwater Systems

The purpose of this chapter is to discuss various approaches for estimating the pollutant removal by urban stormwater detention systems. After a brief descript…
Best Practices for Teaching Accessibility in University Classrooms: Cultivating Awareness, Understanding, and Appreciation for Diverse Users

As Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) become more diffuse, developers and designers need to consider a growing diversity of users including people with disabilities and aging populations. As a result, computing education needs to respond by providing students opportunities to learn about accessibility and designing for inclusion. This article presents results of a qualitative research study of practices in teaching accessibility in university-level programs in the US. The study included interviews with 18 professors from some of the top universities in the US and a content analysis of syllabi and other teaching materials. Using the pedagogical theory of authentic learning and elements from the 21st Century Skills framework, we found that instructors emphasized the need for students to develop awareness and understanding for a diversity of ICT users through multiple different experiences; experiences that included research projects that directly involve users with disabilities, guest speakers, field trips, simulating disabilities, and the use of videos/movies. Additionally, instructors used multiple resources (e.g., research papers, online resources), in part, to offset the challenge that there is a perceived lack of a comprehensive textbook. Instructors also emphasized the importance of their individual initiative; that is, the inclusion of accessible topics or courses was often linked to a faculty member's research and/or personal commitment. This article contributes to a gap in the literature by disseminating and sharing different approaches to teaching accessibility across multiple instructors, courses, and campuses.
Selective erasure and refilling of liquid metal based terahertz metamaterials

We demonstrate a technique to selectively erase and refill unit cells of THz metamaterials, which are formed by injecting eutectic gallium indium, a liquid metal at room temperature, into microchannels in a polydimethylsiloxance mold
OPEN WIDE (AND CLOSE MORE SOFTLY)

![][1] The force with which a muscle can contract depends on its initial length. The so-called length–tension curve of muscle characterizes this dependence and demonstrates that muscles intrinsically have some optimal length for generating force, and longer or shorter lengths lead
Pulmonary synovial sarcoma presenting as a pneumothorax during pregnancy.

BACKGROUND: Synovial sarcoma is a clinically rare, but morphologically well-defined neoplasm, which accounts for approximately 10% of all malignant soft-tissue tumors. The diagnosis can be established with clinical and imaging evaluations together with immunohistochemical, electron microscopy, and molecular genetic studies. CASE: We describe a case of primary pulmonary synovial sarcoma presenting as a pneumothorax in a young woman at 34 weeks of gestation. Her persistent symptomatology ultimately led to a video-assisted thoracoscopy and thorascopic decortication. The diagnosis was established by pathology and immunohistochemistry of the cells, which were consistent with primary pulmonary synovial sarcoma. CONCLUSION: Malignancies, even those as uncommon as primary synovial sarcoma, should be considered in the differential diagnosis of pneumothorax during pregnancy.
Survey on Knowledge of HIV/AIDS Prevention and Control and Demands for AIDS Health Education Among Some College Students,Panjin City,2012

Objective To know undergraduates' knowledge of AIDS and needs for AIDS health education,so as to provide basis for undergraduates' AIDS health education. Methods In June,2012,366students recruited in Panjin Vocational Technology Institute filled in questionnaire by themselves. Results There were 366undergraduates surveyed.The level of knowledge related to AIDS was 35.52%.The male undergraduates' level was 37.61%,the female was 32.14%;freshmen's level was 21.77%,sophomores' level was 50.42%,juniors' level was 34.96%;the science undergraduates' level was 29.55%,the art undergraduates' level was 100.00%.55.46% undergraduates took part in activities of AIDS prevention or health education in the institute;75.96% undergraduates thought it was necessary to provide activities of AIDS prevention or set health education in the institute.39.89% undergraduates preferred to getting HIV/AIDS health handbook,and 34.70% undergraduates wanted to get HIV/AIDS health posters as health education forms. Conclusion The knowledge level of undergraduates' AIDS prevention is low.
Decommissioning plan for the National Ignition Facility

The National Ignition Facility (NIF) is a US Department of Energy inertial confinement laser fusion experimental facility currently under construction at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL). To ensure that decontamination and decommissioning (D&D) issues at the end-of-life are manageable, this subject has received attention from an early stage. This paper summarizes the NIF D&D issues, and the status of the D&D plan.
Child Health in Low‐Income Neighborhoods: The Unexpected Relationship with Neighborhood Disorder and Other Aspects of Distress

There is substantial evidence linking child health and neighborhood of residence. However, most studies focus on poverty, paying less attention to other social and environmental factors that vary across low-income neighborhoods. Using data from the Making Connections initiative, we examine the relationship between child health and neighborhood factors, including safety, social cohesion, informal social control, collective efficacy, disorder, and poverty, across a sample of children living in low-income neighborhoods (N = 3,013). We use multilevel modeling to account for clustering at the household and block level. Results show that neighborhood disorder is related to child health in an unexpected direction: More disorder is related to lower odds of a child having fair or poor health. Similarly, informal social control and safety are related to greater odds of child fair or poor health. We underscore the importance of neighborhood conditions for child health and highlight the unexpected direction of these relationships.
In Remembrance of Dr. Jared James Grantham, JASN’s Founding Editor-in-Chief

![][1] Jared James Grantham, the founding Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of the American Society of Nephrology ( JASN ), passed away peacefully on January 22, 2017 surrounded by his family and their love, and eulogized by an outpouring of remembrances and tributes as his passing became
Deposition of DNA Nanostructures on Highly Oriented Pyrolytic Graphite

We report the deposition of DNA origami nanostructures on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG). The DNA origami goes through a structural rearrangement and the DNA base is exposed to interact with the graphite surface. Exposure to ambient air, which is known to result in a hydrophilic-to-hydrophobic wetting transition of HOPG, does not significantly impact the deposition yield or the shape deformation of DNA nanostructures. The deposited DNA nanostructures maintain their morphology for at least a week and promote site-selective chemical vapor deposition of SiO2. This process is potentially useful for a range of applications that include but are not limited to nanostructure fabrication, sensing, and electronic and surface engineering.
Semantic Annotation of MASC

Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) continues to present a formidable challenge for Natural Language Processing. To better perform automatic WSD, manually annotated corpora are created that serve as training and testing data. When the annotation labels are drawn from an independently created lexical resource, there is an added benefit of checking the resources’ lexical inventory and sense representations against the corpus data. Such corrections can in turn benefit future manual and automatic annotation. We report on the annotation of a number of selected word forms of different parts of speech in the MASC corpus with WordNet senses. Analyses of the annotations reveal good annotator agreement for half of the lemmas but low agreement for the other half, with no obvious indications for the reasons. Through crowdsourcing, however, instead of a single label per word, we had many annotators assign labels to each word to create a corpus where we can infer a single ground truth label per sentence from the many labels, along with a confidence. Even for words with low agreement, many of the instances have confident labels. In a complementary effort, 100 of the MASC sentences with WordNet-annotated lemmas were fully annotated with FrameNet lexical units and Frame Elements. This allowed for the comparison between, and alignment of, the WordNet and FrameNet senses for the chosen lemmas. We reflect on the fundamental design differences between these two complementary resources and their respective contributions to WSD. The MASC word sense annotation effort has demonstrated that it is possible to collect reliable manual annotations of moderately polysemous words, and that we do not yet know what makes this possible for some words and not others. The corpus, therefore, can serve as a valuable resource for investigating this question.
Biological control of water hyacinth in California’s Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta: observations on establishment and spread

Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes (Martius) Solms-Laubach) is a serious invasive weed in the Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta of California. Three insects: Neochetina eichhorniae Warner and Ne...
Experimental studies on metallic fuel relocation in a pin bundle core structure of a sodium-cooled fast reactor

Abstract Understanding the relocation behavior of metallic fuel in severe accident scenarios is one of the most important factors in the safety assessment of sodium-cooled fast reactors (SFRs). In the present study, the relocation behavior of uranium metallic fuel was investigated by conducting metallic fuel relocation experiments using 19-pin bundle test sections in the Argonne’s Metallic Uranium Safety Experiment (MUSE) facility. Post-test radiographic images were taken to characterize the uranium fuel relocation within the pin bundle test section. In addition, the pressure drop in the test sections was measured after the relocation experiments to evaluate the blockage of the sodium coolant channel. The pressure drop in the pin bundle test sections was also analytically calculated by varying the porosity and the pore size of the relocated fuel. The porosity and pore size of the relocated fuel in the pin bundle test sections were estimated by comparing those calculated pressure drop values with the measured pressure drop values from the pressure drop tests. The experimental results showed that the more formation of the eutectics could lead to more fuel dispersion and less blockage due to the lower freezing point of the eutectics.
Sports Culture and the Varieties of Latin American Identity

This essay reviews the following works: Sports and Nationalism in Latin/o America. Edited by Hector Fernandez L’Hoeste, Robert McKee Irwin, and Juan Poblete. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015. Pp. xiii + 307. $95.00 cloth. ISBN: 9781137487186. Muscling in on New Worlds: Jews, Sport, and the Making of the Americas. Edited by Raanan Rein and David M. K. Sheinin. Leiden, Netherlands: Brill Academic Publishers, 2014. Pp. x + 196. $135.00 cloth. ISBN: 9789004284487. Sports Culture in Latin American History. Edited by David M. K. Sheinin. Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2015. Pp. ix + 239. $25.95 paper. ISBN: 9780822963370. The Sovereign Colony: Olympic Sport, National Identity, and International Politics in Puerto Rico. By Antonio Sotomayor. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2016. Pp. xix + 360. $60.00 cloth. ISBN: 9780803278813.
Design and test of vacuum circuit breaker with hybrid fast operating mechanism

To satisfy the requirement of controlling and protection of modern power grid, it is necessary to develop the fast switchgear switching quickly as the executive device. The advances of repulsion and permanent magnetic mechanism are combined fully, the hybrid fast operating mechanism constructed with electromagnetic repulsion and permanent magnetic mechanism was designed in the paper. The switching characteristics of fast mechanism were simulated. The mechanical structures of coil skeleton, shell and T-shaped armature were optimized for the mechanism, and the design to avoid closing bounce was conducted. Based on these, the fast mechanism was developed and the strength of vacuum interrupter was promoted. The prototypes of 12/40.5kV fast vacuum circuit breaker were assembled and the factory performance debugging was carried out. The technical specifications of manufacture were formulated according the current standard of circuit breaker. The technical parameters of devices were provided. Two prototypes have passed the performance verification tests which including insulation, machinery, temperature rise, short-time current endurance, breaking and making ability. All results have shown that the performance parameters of two prototypes both meet the requirements of the technical specifications.
Lesional Temporal Lobe Epilepsy: Beware the Deceitful "Panic Attack".

Background Ganglioglioma is a rare, benign, intraaxial glioneuronal tumor but a relatively common cause of pharmacoresistant temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Given its often nonspecific neuropsychiatric manifestations and frequently negative electroencephalographic workup, TLE can be easily misdiagnosed as a psychiatric disorder, particularly panic attacks. Case Description We present a case of a 17-year-old boy who was found to have lesional TLE secondary to a left temporal ganglioglioma, 5 years after having been misdiagnosed with panic disorder and having undergone ineffective and unnecessary psychotherapy. He was successfully cured by surgery. Although a few similar cases of TLE masquerading as a panic disorder have been previously reported in the literature, this is the youngest and only pediatric patient described to date. Conclusion This report underscores the challenges in making an accurate clinical diagnosis of TLE and the importance of timely brain imaging whenever an atypical or medically refractory panic disorder is encountered.