cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Homolytic Fragmentation of Allyloxychlorocarbene

The decomposition of allyloxychlorocarbene in hydrocarbon solvents leads via homolysis to allyl and COCl radicals, which recombine to 3-butenoyl chloride or (after scission of (*)COCl to CO and (*)Cl) to allyl chloride. Labeling experiments show that both products are formed in part with allylic rearrangement.
Calcium binding to the rat liver plasma membrane.

Calcium binding to isolated rat liver plasma membranes shows saturation kinetics, has a pH optimum of 7.8–8.0, and is independent of metabolic energy. scatchard analysis shows two classes of calcium binding sites. The higher affinity sites, with an association constant of 4.0·102 M−1, accomodate 22 ± 2 (S.D.), nmoles of calcium/mg membrane protein. The lower affinity sites with an association constant of 3.2·102 M−1 accomodate 120 ± 16 (S.D.) nmoles of calcium/mg membrane protein. Mg2+ competes with Ca2+ only for the low affinity binding sites. K+ and Na+ do not inhibit calcium binding. EDTA decreases the amount of calcium bound to the membranes. The ATP effect on calcium binding depends on the calcium concentration. At 1 mM calcium, ATP at 0.3 mM inhibits binding but at 3 mM calcium, ATP stimulates biding. ADP and AMP at 0.3 mM have no effect on calcium binding at 1 mM calcium but ADP stimulates binding at 3 mM calcium. Cyclic AMP at 10−3 M increases calcium bnding at both 1 and 3 mM levesl of calcium. Phospholipases, neuraminidase and proteases were used to determine the role of phospholipids, neuraminic acid and proteins in the binding of calcium. Of the total extrapolated maximum calcium binding sites (142 + 18 (S.D.) nmoles/mg membrane proten), acidic phospholipids accounted for approximately 100 nmoles/mg membrane protein while neuraminic acid residues accounted for approximately 50 nmoles/mg membrane protein. Treatment of the membrane with a variety of functional group reagents showed that agents which react with amino groups or hydroxyl groups of proteins have a small or no effect on calcium binding. However, SH agents increase calcium biding but only when the calcium concentration in the medium was 1 mM or greater. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (0.1%) increases calcium binding very markedly, Triton X-100 (0.1%) gave a 3-fold increase in calcium binding and Lubrol (0.1%) had no influence on calcium binding. Triton may unmask certain acidic phospholipids. Sodium dodecyl sulfate is believed to become incorporated into the membrane and convert it to a highly charged form which now binds calcium. This detergent may also unmask acidic phospholipids.
Substitution of serine caused by a recessive lethal suppressor in yeast

Abstract The SUP-RL1 suppressor in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae causes lethality in haploid strains but not in diploid or aneuploid strains that are heterozygous for the suppressor locus. This recessive lethal suppressor acts on amber (UAG) nutritional markers, and can cause the production of approximately 50% of the normal amount of iso-1-cytochrome c in disomic strains that are heterozygous for the SUP-RL1 suppressor, and that contain the cyc1-179 allele which has an amber codon corresponding to amino acid position 9. The suppressed iso-1-cytochrome c contains a residue of serine at the position that corresponds to the site of the amber codon. SUP-RL1 was found to lie between thr4 and MAL2 on chromosome III, approximately 30 map units from the mating-type locus. It is suggested that the gene product of SUP-RL1 may be a species of serine transfer RNA that normally reads the serine codon UCG, and that is represented only once in the haploid genome.
A case-control study of body mass index and asthma in Asian children.

Background The prevalence of obesity and asthma in the United States has increased in past decades. Numerous studies have focused on the relationship between the 2 factors. However, to our knowledge, this association in Asian Americans has not been extensively studied. Objective To assess the association between body mass index (BMI) and asthma in an Asian American pediatric population. Methods We conducted a case-control medical record review study of 94 pediatric patients with and without asthma at Tufts-New England Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts. The BMI of asthmatic children before and after their asthma diagnosis was compared with the BMI of children without asthma. Results Multiple analyses showed no significant (P > .05) association between various measures of BMI and asthma in this population. After adjustment for atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, and other allergies, the odds ratio in our longitudinal analysis using BMI greater than the 85th percentile for asthmatic children vs nonasthmatic children was 0.92 (95% confidence interval, 0.40-2.20). Conclusions Either overweight and obesity do not lead to asthma in Asian immigrant children, consistent with our results, or something about our method limited our ability to observe the association. In either case, more research in the population is needed.
Discovery of tar mats in terrestrial gas-condensate reservoirs and its geological significance

TAR mat is reservoir zone containing petroleum rich in asphaltene, and is situated in gascondensate reservoirs and light oil reservoirs. Tar mat is an organic barrier for oil and gas reservoirs. Recently, determination of tar mat has become reality as thin layer chromatography-flame ionization detection (TLC-FID) technique is applied to organic geochemical de-...
Promoting health in children with atopic dermatitis.

Atopic dermatitis (AD), or eczema, can be a very challenging disease to manage. The etiology of the disease is not completely understood, and its incidence has risen in the past 10 years to more than 10% of the population. AD is characterized primarily by intense itching and the development of papules, scaly lesions, fissures, and crusting. The onset occurs primarily in childhood, and much of the disease management is conducted by the family. Patients and their families often experience multiple recurrences and exacerbations, repeated attempts at cures and treatments, lowered self-esteem of the child, impaired growth and development of the child, loss of sleep, discipline problems, and multiple clinic and emergency department visits for exacerbations. Management primarily consists of prevention (i.e., good daily skin care and management of environmental trigger factors such as infection, irritants, emotional stress, and allergens). These children and their families need education and the support of health care professionals. This article outlines specific techniques to help parents and children manage AD at home and minimize exacerbations.
Prediction of breast cancer size by ultrasound, mammography and core biopsy.

Abstract Neoadjuvant chemotherapy and non-surgical tumor ablation rely upon imaging studies to determine tumor size. In this study the accuracy of ultrasound (US) mammography and core biopsy in determining tumor size was examined in 202 patients with Stages I and II breast cancer. The most accurate single modality for determining tumor size was mammography with a correlation coefficient® of 0.66, followed by US ( r =0.48) and core biopsy ( r =0.28). Size measurements were less accurate in lobular than ductal cancers. The combination of the three modalities understaged 25% of the tumors >1cm in size, and overstaged 10% of those
Morphology and laminar distribution of neuropeptide Y immunoreactive neurons in the human striate cortex

The morphology, laminar distribution, and distribution relative to cytochrome oxidase patches of neuropeptide-Y immunoreactive (NPY-ir) neurons were studied in the human striate cortex. The density of NPY-ir cells was highest in the white matter. NPY-ir neurons were sparsely distributed within the cortical layers. NPY-ir neurons were located in both cytochrome oxidase dense patch and interpatch regions. However, the paucity of NPY-ir neurons in layer III, where cytochrome oxidase patches are most clearly demonstrated, precluded establishing a clear relationship of NPY-ir neurons to cytochrome oxidase patches. NPY-ir neurons exhibited a variety of nonpyramidal morphologies, and many of them had axons with recurrent or looped trajectories. A dense plexus of NPY-ir axons was located just beneath the pia, and these axons were concentrated at the entry points of pial blood vessels. Other NPY-ir neurons had cell bodies or processes in close proximity to cerebral capillaries. These results suggest a role of NPY in cortical metabolism, control of cerebral circulation, or activity-related changes in local blood flow. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Diversity in cyclic sesquiterpene production by Gossypium hirsutum.

Major sesquiterpene components of oil of Texas Race Stock 810 of Gossypium hirsutum were α- and β-selinene. This is the seventh cyclic terpene type found to date in this genus. Both α- and β-selinene, along with aromadendrene, were found but only as minor components of extracts of several domestic cultivars of G. hirsutum.
The effect of isothermal exposure on the transverse properties of a continuous fibre metal-matrix composite

The effect of isothermal exposure at 500° C on the transverse mechanical properties of 30 and 50 vol % continuous boron-fibre reinforced 1100 aluminium composites has been investigated. Experimental results indicate that the fibre-matrix interfacial reaction gives rise to an increase in the fibre-matrix bond strength. Consequently, the fracture mode undergoes a transition from interfacial debonding to fibre splitting with increasing exposure time. The fracture surfaces and fibre-matrix interfaces have been studied by scanning electron microscopy and the observations coincide with the above interpretation of the mechanical test results. Finally, a new theoretical model using Eshelby's theory is developed to analyse the stress-strain behaviour of a continuous fibre reinforced metal matrix composite subjected to transverse tensile loading.
Viewpoint: leaving the "empty glass" of problem-based learning behind: new assumptions and a revised model for case study in preclinical medical education.

The popularity of problem-based learning (PBL) reflects medical educators’ recognition that case study can enhance the preclinical medical school curriculum. However, the PBL method itself has features, particularly its reliance on small-group work with tutor–facilitators, that are expensive to implement and that limit the potential educational value of case study. The author systematically analyzes specific aspects of the PBL methodology and concludes that the PBL approach misuses the faculty, tends to compromise the authenticity of cases, and results in an unnecessarily varied and impoverished educational experience for students. Approaches to case study with different assumptions need to be devised. A model is proposed that shifts the goal of case study from development of problem-solving skills to development of ideas that allow meaningful engagement in sophisticated discussions of medicine. In this model, the method shifts from self-directed learning to independent study guided by the expertise of the faculty. One possible approach to case study based on this model is briefly described. It consists of reading published cases from the medical literature, with analysis and discussion of the cases led by faculty experts in largegroup format. The approach immerses students in an authentic, state-of-the-art discussion of medicine and is easily incorporated into any curriculum structure at limited cost. The author argues that, contrary to the claims of proponents, the glass is “mostly empty” for PBL and that we can generate the higher-level discussion that case study merits only by moving away from PBL’s extraneous assumptions. Acad Med. 2007; 82:479–485.
Oracle Database Replay

This demonstration presents Oracle Database Replay, a novel approach to testing changes to the relational database management system component of an information system (software upgrades, hardware changes etc). Database Replay makes it possible to subject a test system to a real production workload, which helps identify all potential problems before implementing the planned changes on the production system. Any interesting workload period of a production database system can be captured with minimal overhead. The captured workload is used to drive a test system while maintaining the concurrency and load characteristics of the real production workload.The demonstration showcases how important maintaining the concurrency and load characteristics of the real workload is. The current testing solutions do not allow for synchronization based on data dependencies. Without proper synchronization the demonstration workload does not perform the work required and does not exercise the test system appropriately, leading to poor coverage and inadequate load. Thus many issues remain undetected. Database replay with its data based synchronization makes testing realistic and leads to the discovery of potential problems.
The Utilization of Brewers’ Dried Grains in the Diets of Chinese Ringneck Pheasant-Breeder Hens

Abstract Two trials were conducted, each one using 240 Chinese Ringneck pheasant-breeder hens (Phasianus colchicus torquatus) to determine the effects of feeding various levels of brewers' dried grains (BDG) on egg production, fertility, hatchability, and feed consumption. The birds were subjected to natural daylight. Data were collected for 16 wk of egg production (April 1 through July 31). Each of four diets containing 0, 15, 30, or 45% BDG was fed to three pens (19 females and 1 male per pen), beginning 1 wk prior to the onset of lay. The eggs were collected twice daily and were stored at 13 C and were set in incubators every 14 days. The eggs were candled on Day 21 of incubation to determine the number of infertile eggs and dead embryos. The hatch was removed on Day 25. The egg production and fertility from BDG-fed hens did not differ from those of the control hens. The hatchability of fertile eggs was higher (P
Leptin-induced endothelial dysfunction is mediated by sympathetic nervous system activity.

Background-—The adipocyte-derived hormone leptin is elevated in obesity and may contribute to vascular risk associated with obesity. The mechanism(s) by which leptin affects vascular disease is unclear, although leptin has been shown to increase sympathetic activity. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of leptin treatment on endothelial function and the role of the local sympathetic nervous system in mediating these effects. Methods and Results-—Recombinant leptin was administered to C57BL6/J mice every other day for 1 week. Mesenteric arteriole myography revealed that leptin treatment caused significant impairment of endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation. Although leptin alone did not raise aortic blood pressure, leptin treatment augmented the blood pressure response to angiotensin II. The effects of leptin on mesenteric arteriolar function and aortic blood pressure response to angiotensin II were neutralized following sympathetic denervation to the mesenteric vasculature. The superoxide scavenger TEMPOL was also effective in preventing the effects of leptin on endothelial dysfunction. Conclusions-—Leptin causes endothelial dysfunction and enhances the effects of angiotensin II on blood pressure. These effects of leptin are mediated by sympathetic nervous system activation and superoxide and may contribute to vascular stiffness and hypertension in obesity. (J Am Heart Assoc. 2013;2:e000299 doi: 10.1161/JAHA.113.000299)
Masticatory muscle function in patients with spinal muscular atrophy

The purpose of this study was to determine whether spinal muscular atrophy affects masticatory muscle strength and mandibular range of motion. A sample of 15 subjects with spinal muscular atrophy was compared to a sample of age-matched and sex-matched controls. Maximum bite force, masticatory muscle electromyography activity, mandibular ranges of motion and masticatory muscle endurance were evaluated. Results showed that maximum bite forces were one-half as great for the sample with spinal muscular atrophy than for the controls, even though their EMG activity was not significantly different. Slopes of the relationship between electromyography activity and bite force were two to four times steeper for patients with spinal muscular atrophy than controls. Maximum opening and protrusion were reduced to approximately one-half control values. Fatigue times of patients with spinal muscular atrophy were reduced by 30% (17.9 seconds versus 11.1 seconds). We conclude that the masticatory muscles of patients with spinal muscular atrophy are weakened, that their muscles are less efficient, and that they fatigue more quickly than controls. In addition, mandibular movements of these patients take place over a more limited range than unaffected controls.
A 4.6GHz MDLL with −46dBc reference spur and aperture position tuning

Multiplying delay-locked loops (MDLLs) [1–5] have been shown to have improved jitter accumulation and tracking over VCO-based PLLs. By injecting the reference clock edge into the VCO at each reference cycle, an MDLL removes the accumulated jitter of the VCO. The principal challenge in MDLL design is to align the injected reference edge with the loop feedback signal. Timing mismatch between the reference edge and the VCO feedback edge, or offsets in the charge pump, would introduce a phase error in the injected edge. The error manifests as a period jitter or reference spur in the frequency domain. This effect limits the minimum jitter attained by the MDLL.
The True Impact of Immediate Annuities on Retirement Sustainability: A Total Wealth Perspective

Past research on systematic withdrawals and annuitization tends to find that partial annuitization reduces the probability of financial asset depletion and may even provide an opportunity to build a larger portfolio legacy value for sufficiently long retirement periods. We agree with these findings, but determine that partial annuitization itself is only the reason for these outcomes in a subset of cases. When retiree wealth is investigated from a total balance sheet perspective, by including the present value of remaining single-premium immediate annuity (SPIA) payments as a way to show the implied stock/bond asset allocation glidepath, a significant portion of the benefits provided by a stocks/SPIA strategy can be explained by the implied rising equity glidepath underlying the approach. Accordingly, we examine the relative success of static portfolios, stock/SPIA portfolios, and dynamic stock/bond portfolios that match the glidepath of a stock/SPIA strategy, in order to separate the impact of the glidepath and the impact of mortality credits into their component parts. The conclusion shows that prior studies which indicated a benefit of partially annuitizing a retiree’s portfolio were often actually showing the benefits of a rising equity glidepath using a bucketed liquidation strategy that spends down fixed assets first and allows the household equity allocation to rise. Although this research finds that SPIAs can enhance retirement success, retirees must live well past life expectancy before the unique mortality credit contribution from SPIAs provides material benefits, as the remainder of the SPIA “benefit” can be replicated simply by using bonds and stocks with a rising equity glidepath. In fact, for those who do not live to life expectancy, the impact of SPIAs is positive only because the value of the rising equity glidepath (which can be replicated without the SPIA) outweighs the negative contribution from mortality credits. Because the primary value of SPIAs accrues for those who live beyond life expectancy, the results also show that inflation-adjusted SPIAs are more effective than fixed SPIAs, due to the larger payments in later years. Given this current research, the primary scenarios where SPIAs should be used are specifically those where the intent is to hedge significant longevity risk beyond life expectancy; in the remaining scenarios for most retirees, though, the more effective way to improve retirement outcomes is simply to implement the rising equity glidepath that bucketed SPIA strategies indirectly create.
Lifelong elimination of hyperbilirubinemia in the Gunn rat with a single injection of helper-dependent adenoviral vector

Crigler–Najjar syndrome is a recessively inherited disorder characterized by severe unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia caused by a deficiency of uridine diphospho-glucuronosyl transferase 1A1. Current therapy relies on phototherapy to prevent kernicterus, but liver transplantation presently is the only permanent cure. Gene therapy is a potential alternative, and recent work has shown that helper-dependent adenoviral (HD-Ad) vectors, devoid of all viral coding sequences, induce prolonged transgene expression and exhibit significantly less chronic toxicity than early-generation Ad vectors. We used a HD-Ad vector to achieve liver-restricted expression of human uridine diphospho-glucuronosyl transferase 1A1 in the Gunn rat, a model of the human disorder. Total plasma bilirubin levels were reduced from >5.0 mg/dl to «1.4 mg/dl for >2 yr after a single i.v. administration of vector expressing the therapeutic transgene at a dose of 3 × 1012 viral particles per kg. HPLC analysis of bile from treated rats showed the presence of bilirubin glucuronides at normal WT levels >2 yr after one injection of vector, and i.v. injection of bilirubins IIIα and XIIIα in the same animals revealed excess bilirubin-conjugating capacity. There was no significant elevation of liver enzymes (alanine aminotransferase) and only transient, moderate thrombocytopenia after injection of the vector. A clinically significant reduction in serum bilirubin was observed with a dose as low as 6 × 1011 viral particles per kg. We conclude that complete, long-term correction of hyperbilirubinemia in the Gunn rat model of Crigler–Najjar syndrome can be achieved with one injection of HD-Ad vector and negligible chronic toxicity.
Efficient generation of tests for combinational CMOS circuits

An efficient method for generating test patterns that yield high fault coverage for combinational CMOS circuits is presented. The method's efficiency is a consequence of its ability to select test patterns for stuck-off and stuck-on transistor faults simultaneously and its ability to generate test patterns that cover the common memory-inducing fault, without the need for a conditionally sequential logic description. The proposed method consists of three steps. First, a simple procedure converts the transistor description of the CMOS circuit into a combinational logic description that represents the design-specified functionality of every transistor gate node of the CMOS circuit. Second, the standard D algorithm is applied to the logic description using a reduced set of logical stuck-at-1 and stuck-at-0 faults. Third a procedure generates an effective, yet short sequence of the D-algorithm test patterns that covers all of the stuck-on and stuck-off transistor faults. >
Influence of F(OH)−1 substitution on the relative mechanical strength of rock‐forming micas

Microtextural and experimental studies have yielded conflicting data on the relative mechanical strengths of muscovite and biotite [Wilson and Bell, 1979; Kronenberg et al., 1990; Mares and Kronenberg, 1993]. We propose a crystal-chemical resolution to this conflict, namely, that (001) dislocation glide in biotite is rate-limited by its fluorine content. Significant F(OH)−1 substitution, and concomitant removal of hydroxyl H+ directed into the interlayer cavity, potentially increases mechanical strength of biotite in two ways: (1) it eliminates K+-H+ repulsion, thereby strengthening the interlayer bonds, and (2) it allows K+ to “sink” deeper into the interlayer cavity, the resultant geometry being less favorable to basal slip. In testing this hypothesis we analyzed the naturally deformed biotite studied by Wilson and Bell [1979] and documented its very low F content (XF ≤ 0.02) compared to that of the biotite experimentally deformed by Kronenberg et al. [1990]. Our model and the comparative XF data explain why the biotite of Wilson and Bell [1979] deformed more easily in nature than its coexisting muscovite, whereas the biotite of Kronenberg et al. [1990] was mechanically stronger than muscovite similarly deformed by Mares and Kronenberg [1993]. Our reconciliation of these otherwise conflicting results provides a framework for predicting mechanical strength of natural micas based upon the extent of their F(OH)−1 substitution. Our synthesis highlights the potential role of crystal chemistry in determining mechanical behavior in multicomponent mineral families. Further testing of crystal-chemical effects on rheology will require mineral specimens of both appropriate composition and sufficient size.
Multiple pitch identification using cochlear-like frequency capture and harmonic grouping

This work addresses the problem of identifying multiple fundamental frequencies in an acoustic signal. An auditory-inspired peripheral signal processing model is proposed that functions in a manner more like a bank of FM receivers rather than a traditional filterbank. Such receivers lock on to a strong signal (synchrony capture, frequency capture) even in the presence of nearby only slightly weaker signal components. Once the individual signal components are resolved, the model subjects them to an instantaneous nonlinearity and then performs harmonic grouping by cross correlating the isolated components. After the harmonically-related components are grouped, their pitches are computed using a standard summary autocorrelation approach.
Making Sense of the Sense Unit Condition

Les As. presentent deux experiences qui permettent de tester la Condition de l'unite de sens et l'Hypothese d'anti-attachement, deux paradigmes formules pour decrire la distribution des frontieres intonationnelles chez les auditeurs
Human Genome Sequence Variation and the Search for Genes Influencing Stroke

Background— Technological progress spurred by the Human Genome Project is accelerating the pace of genetic studies of common diseases, including stroke. Stroke clinicians will soon need to interpret increasingly complex genetic studies. Summary of Review— Linkage analysis and epidemiological association are 2 fundamental methods of identifying gene variants affecting common diseases such as stroke. Combining these methods with advanced molecular genetic techniques, 3 recently published studies have made important contributions to the genetics of common vascular diseases: identification of the location of a gene for stroke on chromosome 5q12 and identification of gene variants that may increase risk of myocardial infarction. Driven by genomic technology, future studies will be increasingly comprehensive and systematic in their assessment of the contribution of genetics to the clinical course of stroke. The scale and complexity of such studies will require large-scale collaboration among stroke physicians, ...
Recollections of Being Loved Implications of Childhood Experiences With Parents for Young Adults’ Romantic Relationships

This study examined the extent to which young adults’ recollections of their childhood experiences with parents were associated with their reported feelings and behavior in romantic relationships. Participants were 205 young adults. Based on a question from the Adult Attachment Interview (George, Kaplan, & Main, 1996), participants wrote adjectives that described their childhood relationships with each parent as well as childhood incidents that illustrated those adjectives. Participants’ feelings and behavior in romantic relationships were assessed with Brennan and Shaver’s (1995) Adult Attachment Scales. Those who were rated as having more positive and loving relationships with mothers were more trusting and were more likely to seek comfort from their romantic partners during times of distress and to “open up” to them. Similarly, those who were rated as having more positive and loving relationships with fathers were also more likely to seek comfort from their romantic partners and were more comfortable r...
Zen and the ART of Making Babies: Commentary on Simon's “Spoken Through Desire”

When the cultural belief is that one can (should) have a baby in one particular way, any other option registers as loss and mourning. This discussion focuses on the subversive potential of assisted reproductive technology (ART). Because ART (“noncoital reproduction”) destabilizes the sanctity of the oedipal family, it is bound to evoke hostility, which in the case of Nora may masquerade as melancholia. As a technology ART established new realities and thus rebranded certain fantasies and desires from perverse to possible. Psychoanalysis needs to follow these changes and not become bastioned by loyalty to oedipal ideologies of reproduction. With short clinical vignettes this discussion attempts to make room for the excitement and renewal ART may impregnate the psychoanalytic field with.
Unit antenna based wireless power transfer systems

Wireless power transfer systems are used in a broad range of applications such as implantable biomedical devices, electric vehicles, and mobile communication devices. Due to detuning of the transmitter and receiver antennas, the efficiency of wireless power transfer may vary. In this paper, a unit antenna based wireless power transfer system is proposed to tune the system to its resonant frequency of 13.56MHz.
Subgroup Identification in Personalized Treatment of Alcohol Dependence.

Background Identification of patient subgroups to enhance treatment effects is an important topic in personalized (or tailored) alcohol treatment. Recently, several recursive partitioning methods have been proposed to identify subgroups benefiting from treatment. These novel data mining methods help to address the limitations of traditional regression-based methods that focus on interactions. Methods We propose an exploratory approach, using recursive partitioning methods, for example, interaction trees (IT) and virtual twins (VT), to flexibly identify subgroups in which the treatment effect is likely to be large. We apply these tree-based methods to a pharmacogenetic trial of ondansetron. Results Our methods identified several subgroups based on patients' genetic and other prognostic covariates. Among the 251 subjects with complete genotype information, the IT method identified 118 with specific genetic and other prognostic factors, resulting in a 17.2% decrease in the percentage of heavy drinking days (PHDD). The VT method identified 88 subjects with a 21.8% decrease in PHDD. Overall, the VT subgroup achieved a good balance between the treatment effect and the group size. Conclusions A data mining approach is proposed as a valid exploratory method to identify a sufficiently large subgroup of subjects that is likely to receive benefit from treatment in an alcohol dependence pharmacotherapy trial. Our results provide new insights into the heterogeneous nature of alcohol dependence and could help clinicians to tailor treatment to the biological profile of individual patients, thereby achieving better treatment outcomes.
Primary Care Providers Bypassing in Rural Kansas

Using data collected through a mail questionnaire survey, this paper examines the extent of primary care physician (PCP) bypassers in rural Kansas, identifies the factors of PCP bypassing, and analyzes the reasons for bypassing as reported by the respondents. A total of 313 Kansas residents living in households in 79 of the state's 105 counties with populations of 20,000 or less participated in this survey. Approximately 16% of the respondents identified themselves as PCP bypassers, indicating they did not utilize the services of the nearest PCP. The findings of this study suggest that user characteristics were more infuential than provider characteristics in the decision to bypass locally available health-care providers. Respondent perceptions regarding the quality of services provided by local PCPs and respondent age were the most important determinants of PCP bypassers. The former also was cited by more than 84% respondents as the main reason for bypassing locally available PCPs.
Mechanical and Thermal Properties

In the past decade, significant progress has been made in the area of advanced polymer materials, especially polymer nanocomposites. Future technology trends demand higher performance and lightweight materials in order to meet system level operational and reliability requirements. By combining the specific properties of the polymer matrix and the unique properties of nano-sized particles, a broad spectrum of properties of nanocomposites can be realized. Optimum combinations of mechanical, electrical and thermal properties of polymer materials can be tuned using proper choices of nanoparticles, coatings and processing conditions. In this chapter, recent developments on improving the mechanical and thermal properties of polymer nanocomposites will be summarized.
ACAT1/SOAT1 as a therapeutic target for Alzheimer's disease

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia with no cure at present. Cholesterol metabolism is closely associated with AD at several stages. ACAT1 converts free cholesterol to cholesteryl esters, and plays important roles in cellular cholesterol homeostasis. Recent studies show that in a mouse model, blocking ACAT1 provides multiple beneficial effects on AD. Here we review the current evidence that implicates ACAT1 as a therapeutic target for AD. We also discuss the potential usage of various ACAT inhibitors currently available to treat AD.
Manufacturing Methods for Producing Water Pasteurization Indicators (WAPI)

Securing safe drinking water in developing countries is a significantly important problem for engineers to be aware of. Out of 6.5 billion people in the world, 1.1 billion people still do not have access to safe drinking water in their daily lives. A team lead by the Department of Biological Science at our institution developed a prototype device called Water Pasteurization Indicator (WAPI). This device is used to check if water temperature heated by a solar ray reflector panel reached above the pasteurization temperature. The WAPI consists of Carnauba wax in a polycarbonate tube with both ends sealed, a washer for adding weight and setting up the orientation of a WAPI when it is submerged in water, and a fishing string for pulling the WAPI out of water. This paper describes development of a mass-production method for WAPIs. It is essential to establish a mass production method for WAPIs so that it can be made available to people in developing countries in large quantities with an affordable price. The manufacturing method was developed considering appropriate technologies which can be adapted by people in developing countries. In addition, the manufacturing method should be simple, economical, productive, and consistent in quality of WAPIs produced. After the prototype WAPI processing device was developed, a full-factorial design of experiment (DOE) was conducted to optimize three critical process parameters for sealing both ends of a polycarbonate tube by a pair of heat-clamping plates. These parameters are claming temperature, claming time, and clamping gap. During the period of Summer 2004 through Spring 2005, approximately 2000 WAPIs were produced by the WAPI processing device and were sent to Kenya and Tanzania, and all were tested to work successfully.Copyright © 2006 by ASME
The Rediscovery of the Consumer

AMONG THE more amusing phenomena turned up in recent years by a puzzled business world, has been the rediscovery of the Consumer. The discovery has not been the cherished possession of one firm or one industry. All business claims a share. All business feels the need of good public relations. All business agrees that consumers are significant people. All business begins to talk about "working with" consumers, "educating" consumers, inviting consumers to participate in business councils. Consumers take kindly to their new importance. They organize, argue, write, submit themselves to education, meet to discuss their common problems. They acquire amazing notoriety. They are condemned as Communists. They attack advertising; and advertising men, sorely puzzled at first, strike back blindly; and then, with delayed wisdom, inch into the public relations industry with predictions of rich returns. Consumers are announced to be the possessors of the secret of a stable economic life. Research is initiated in the economics of consumption. Programs of instruction are developed. The objective is implicit and cannot be misread: consumers are to be trained in the fine art of buying; business is to cooperate; the end product will be the maximizing of consumer incomes, and the advancing prosperity of business. With the exception of those who look upon the entire movement as an illegitimate off-shoot of generally dangerous radicalism, few have criticized the development objectively. Few have looked
Optical spectroscopy of breast biopsies and human breast cancer xenografts in nude mice

Rotavirus gastroenteritis is one of the main causes of acute diarrhea in young humans and animals worldwide. The colostrum-deprived, artificially-reared, neonatal pig has been extensively used in our laboratory as a model animal for studying an experimentally-induced rotaviral gastroenteritis. Details on procurement of newborn pigs, immunological characteristics and artificial rearing conditions of colostrum-deprived neonatal pigs as well as on rotavirus inoculation, clinical manifestations and evaluation of intestinal damage caused by rotavirus infection are described. Our experimentally-induced rotavirus gastroenteritis model has been characterized clinically by anorexia, diarrhea, ocassional vomiting and high titers of rotavirus shedding in feces. Data reported herein provides additional information, particularly on feeding regimens of pigs before rotavirus inoculation, extent of anorexia, severity of diarrhea and extent of fecal virus shedding, as well as on the effect of rotavirus infection and size of rotavirus inocula on intestinal damage, growth and mortality during the post-infection period. On the basis of these results and others previously reported by us and by other researchers, and because of the intestinalanatomy and physiology similarities to that of human infants, the colostrum-deprived, artificially-reared, neonatal pig is the most suitable and useful model animal for studies designed to evaluate prevention and treatment of rotaviral gastroenteritis.
A Research on Standard Testers of Full-automatic Dielectric Loss

Generally speaking,standard testers used domestically to check full-automatic dielectric loss resort to manual shift.In consideration of this condition,the article introduces a full-automatic dielectric loss checker.This kind of checker adopts modular design,including three parts,namely voltage and frequency signal acquisition,zigbee and data processing.The computer controling technology applied in the checker helps combining the three parts effectively,which is conducive to the automation of gear changing.In the meanwhile,the computer can cope with error information automatically,measure the result of verification,and produce the relevant certificate.All this contributes to reducing the labour intensity enormously,improving the work efficinecy,and ensuring the security of technicians to the greatest degree.
CHILE: Outcomes of a group randomized controlled trial of an intervention to prevent obesity in preschool Hispanic and American Indian children.

Objective We examined the outcomes of the Child Health Initiative for Lifelong Eating and Exercise (CHILE) study, a group randomized controlled trial to design, implement, and test the efficacy of a trans-community intervention to prevent obesity in children enrolled in Head Start centers in rural American Indian and Hispanic communities in New Mexico.
We are all denizens now: on the erosion of citizenship

AbstractThis article makes a contribution to the general theory of citizenship. It argues that there is a need for a supplementary concept of ‘denizenship’ to illustrate changes to and erosion of postwar social citizenship as famously described by T H Marshall. The first aim is to construct a more theoretically developed idea of what the concept of a ‘denizen’ means in sociological terms. In its conventional meaning, this term describes a group of people permanently resident in a foreign country, but only enjoying limited partial rights of citizenship. I label this Denizenship Type 1. By contrast, Denizenship Type 2 refers to the erosion of social citizenship as citizens begin to resemble denizens or strangers in their own societies. The argument then is that there is a general convergence between citizenship and denizenship. As such, Denizenship Type 2 provides a possible supplement to the various terms that have recently been proposed, such as flexible citizenship, semi-citizenship, or precariat to desc...
SU-F-T-75: Dosimetry Considerations in the Use of Hanging-Eye Block for Lesions of the Conjunctiva

Purpose: Superficial lesions in the conjunctiva are frequently treated with en face electrons, using a hanging block to spare dose to the lens of the eye. Dose to the tumor and lens depend on the design and setup of the block and supporting apparatus. We performed in phantom measurements in order to characterize the dose sparing effects of the block as well as the under-dosing effect under the supporting apparatus for 6 MeV treatment. Methods: The commercial hanging block studied uses a 1.2 cm diameter tungsten cylinder supported by a 3 mm diameter acrylic rod. Point dose measurements under the hanging block, under an unblocked part of the field, and under the acrylic rod were performed using MOSFET detectors. In addition, EBT3 film was used for both PDD and profile measurements at a depth in phantom of 3 mm for both 105 and 103 cm SSD. Results: MOSFET measurements reported a dose reduction of 95% under the tungsten block when using an SSD of 103 cm, and 86% when using an SSD of 105 cm at a depth in phantom of 3 mm. Film measurements showed that the area under the acrylic rod may be under-dosed by as much as 30% when using 103 SSD. MOSFET measurements confirmed that when using an SSD of 103 cm, the area under the acrylic rod is under-dosed by up to 30% at 3mm depth, compared to the unblocked part of the field. Conclusion: The effectiveness of the commercial hanging block apparatus depends on setup, with 95% lens sparing possible with an SSD of 103 cm. This short SSD is necessary for sharp penumbra. At this SSD, substantial under-dosing under the acrylic support rod is possible. This must be mitigated with either feathering, or using an alternative method of support for the tungsten block.
The Structural and Physiological Roles of the Layers of the Envelope of Gram-Negative Bacteria

Although the envelope of an organism like Escherichia coli is usually thought to consist of three layers, it is functionally composed of five or six layers that together serve to accommodate the organism’s needs in obtaining medium constituents, preventing toxic material from entering, maintaining cell shape, and resisting the osmotic forces that otherwise would tear the cell apart (Beveridge 1981;Cota-Robles 1963; Donachie et al. 1984; Graham et al. 1991; Koch 1988b; Leduc et al. 1989). Conventionally, the envelope is divided into three structural components: outer membrane (OM), murein (M), and cytoplasmic membrane (CM). The six physiological layers (Fig. 13.1), however, are the hydrophilic lipopolysaccharide portion of the outer leaflet of the OM, the hydrophobic inner leaflet, the 100,000 molecules of Braun’s lipoprotein connecting the OM to the M layer, the monolayered stress-bearing peptidoglycan M layer, and the two hydrophobic leaflets of the CM. The two leaflets of the CM are different because certain proteins interact with one, the other, or both layers. There are intrinsic and extrinsic proteins in the CM; there are intrinsic proteins in the OM, such as porins. In addition there is a periplasmic space contained between the OM and the CM. The proteins in the periplasmic space are very important; these are needed for enzymatic cleavage of those nutrients entering from the environment that cannot be taken up into the cell directly.
Global Talent Management and the American Female Executive

This chapter explores Global Talent Management (GTM) in some of America’s largest organizations. GTM is the process of managing top organizational talent across national boundaries, and in this case, in corporations based in the United States. These global organizations are also known as Transnational Corporations (TNCs); they are highly decentralized organizations that push authority down to the individual level in the organization (Schein, Organizational culture and leadership, San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2004).
Magic Touch: Interacting with 3D Printed Graphics

Graphics like maps and models are important learning materials. With recently developed projects, we can use 3D printers to make tactile graphics that are more accessible to blind people. However, current 3D printed graphics can only convey limited information through their shapes and textures. We present Magic Touch, a computer vision-based system that augments printed graphics with audio files associated with specific locations, or hotspots, on the model. A user can access an audio file associated with a hotspot by touching it with a pointing gesture. The system detects the user's gesture and determines the hotspot location with computer vision algorithms by comparing a video feed of the user's interaction with the digital representation of the model and its hotspots. To enable MT, a model designer must add a single tracker with fiducial tags to a model. After the tracker is added, MT only requires an RGB camera, so it can be easily deployed on many devices such as mobile phones, laptops and smart glasses.
Analysis of dust emission at coal train loading facility

The objective of this research was to conduct an analysis of dust emission for a coal train loading facility. Dust emission for the train loading point was determined by two methods: (i) the EPA AP...
Seasonal Variation in the Fecal Coliform Population of Louisiana Oysters and its Relationship to Microbiological Quality

Seasonal variation was observed in the type of bacteria which comprised the fecal coliform population of oysters. Escherichia coli was the principal fecal coliform when water temperatures were below 22°C. Conversely, Klebsiella sp. predominated during the summer months. No significant relationship was observed between levels of E. coli and enterococci and non- E. coli fecal coliforms in oysters. Fecal coliform and E. coli levels were significantly (p >0.001) related in water. Klebsiella sp. isolated from oysters demonstrated considerably less multiple antimicrobial agent resistance than clinical isolates of K. pneumoniae . Fecal coliform-positive Klebsiella species had characteristics of environmental organisms. Results of this study suggest that high levels of non- E coli fecal coliforms in oysters harvested in the summer from beds meeting the fecal coliform water standard are not indicative of sewage pollution. Furthermore, it is suggested that the safety indicator in the guideline for oyster meats should be changed form fecal coliforms to E. coli .
Are We Really Coaching Fundamentals

(1963). Are We Really Coaching Fundamentals? Journal of Health, Physical Education, Recreation: Vol. 34, No. 3, pp. 34-35.