cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Inpatient self-management of bipolar disorder

As part of a grounded theory study of the self-management informational needs and activities of inpatients with bipolar disorder, an analysis was conducted to describe how hospitalized people with bipolar disorder manage their illness. Thirty-three people participated in semistructured, audiorecorded interviews that included questions about their self-management. Findings related to three areas: (a) factors that affect self-management, (b) patient-initiated self-management interventions, and (c) information believed by the participants to be important for other people with the disorder. Advances in the understanding of the self-management of people with bipolar disorder are pivotal to the development of strategies that may reduce, and perhaps one day prevent, relapse.
Barriers to and Strategies for Effective Blood Pressure Control

There are major differences between the current knowledge of the treatment of cardiac conditions derived from evidence-based medicine and the widespread application of this knowledge. This is particularly true in the treatment of hypertension. Hypertension is the most common chronic cardiovascular condition, affecting more than 50 million Americans and approximately 1 billion individuals worldwide. However, many hypertensive patients are not receiving treatment, and of those that are, many are not adequately controlled. There is evidence that there are methods to improve blood pressure control and improve compliance with expert recommendations for the treatment of hypertension. These methods range from local initiatives such as academic detailing to national performance measures as have been developed by the US Department of Veterans Affairs. A challenge for the future will be to identify and broadly apply these and other programs to improve the quality and efficiency of hypertensive treatment.
Proceedings of a Symposium on Cortical Information Processing in the Olfactory System held at the 22nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Chemoreception Sciences (AChemS) on April 28, 2000, in Sarasota, Florida

Higher order sensory processes such as perception, memory and emotion are generally ascribed to activity within the cerebral hemispheres. In most sensory systems, cortical processing is believed to be required for the extraction, discrimination and identification of complex features, binding of those features into perceptual wholes, and memory of those perceptions and their associated emotional consequences or context. In parallel with the rapid growth of our understanding of olfactory transduction and peripheral odor coding over the past decade, there has been a marked increase in our understanding of how that peripheral coding is enhanced and embellished within olfactory cortical areas. Accordingly, a symposium was held during the 22nd annual meeting of AChemS, where four speakers discussed the role and mechanisms of cortical information processing in the olfactory system. The talks included a discussion of how detailed analyses of cortical anatomy and physiology can lead to specific, testable predictions of cortical function (Lewis Haberly), a description of receptive fields of olfactory cortical neurons and direct comparison with those of cortical afferents, mitral/tufted cells of the olfactory bulb (Donald Wilson), a description of how behaviorally responsive neuromodulatory inputs such as norepinephrine and acetylcholine can shape olfactory cortical functions important for odor recognition and memory (Michael Hasselmo), and how the cortex associates tastes and odors for flavor representation and remembers hedonic associations of those flavors (Edmund Rolls). The resulting series of manuscripts compiled here represent our current understanding of cortical mechanisms in olfactory sensory processing, and hopefully will encourage future work on the role of the cortex as an important mediator of olfactory sensations, perceptions and memories. This symposium was sponsored by a grant from the National Institutes of Deafness and Communication Disorders (DC02038).
Removal from the small intestine of tubercle bacilli by macrophages in the guinea pig

The present study was arranged to test the reaction of the intestinal cell barrier toward the presence of chromogenic, acid-fast bacteria. The bacilli were introduced into the alimentary tract through a modified stomach tube. It was found that these bacterial forms were transported by macrophages through the columnar epithelium, within one to two hours following the test feeding. No other cellular elements such as neutrophils or columnar epithelial cells were observed in association with this process.
TRANSIENT EFFECTS OF MK-801 ADMINISTRATION ON SECRETION OF LUTEINIZING HORMONE AND PROLACTIN IN OVARIECTOMIZED AND ESTRADIOL-TREATED SHEEP

Abstract The neuroendocrine role of endogenous ligands for the excitatory amino acid receptor subtype known as the NMDA receptor was investigated by administering the NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801 to ovariectomized (ovx) and estradioltreated sheep. Repetitive administration of MK-801 at intravenous (iv) dosages of 0.1 mg/kg to untreated ovx ewes did not affect the episodic profiles of luteinizing hormone (LH) release, but each injection of MK-801 abruptly stimulated release of prolactin (PRL) demonstrating the effectiveness of the dosage. Injection of estradiol-17β (50 μg/ewe) to ovx ewes produced the expected biphasic LH response; an initial suppression followed by a surge-like LH increase together with an elevated basal secretion of PRL. Injections of MK-801 occurring 9 and 11 h after estradiol-17β injection rapidly and transiently increased serum LH in a very unexpected response. However, these same MK-801 injections also resulted in decreased serum LH 14–17 h after estradiol-17β by delaying the onset of the surge-like release of LH. Estradiol-17β administration itself elevated basal release of PRL to serum concentrations observed after repetitive MK-801, and further injection of MK-801 no longer transiently increased serum PRL as it had done prior to estradiol-17β treatment. In summary, antagonizing the endogenous excitatory amino acid ligands of the NMDA receptor with MK-801 did not alter either the timing or magnitude of the putative episodic discharges of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) which in turn cause the episodic releases of pituitary LH in ovx sheep. Estrogen administration created a transient neuroendocrine environment in which antagonism of these endogenous ligands was stimulatory to abrupt discharge of GnRH and thereby to acute release of LH. Antagonism of NMDA receptors in untreated ovx ewes stimulated release of PRL suggesting that the endogenous NMDA ligands were probably stimulatory to the release of a PRL-inhibiting neurohormone such as dopamine.
Some Effects of the Orientation of the Heating Surface in Nucleate Boiling

The effects of the orientation of the heating surface in nucleate boiling was studied under conditions of free convection. The experimental apparatus was arranged so that the same heating surface could be tested in various positions with respect to the gravitational field wituout altering any of the other test conditions. The results confirmed the fact that the orientation of the heating surface in respect to the direction of the gravitational field is of major importance in nucleate boiling heat transfer. (P.C.H.)
An explicit solution to the multi-level programming problem

Abstract The multi-level programming problem is defined as an n-person nonzero-sum game with perfect information in which the players move sequentially. The bi-level linear case is addressed in detail. Solutions are obtained by recasting this problem as a standard mathematical probram and appealing to its implicitly separable structure. The reformulated optimization problem is linear save for a complementarity constraint of the form 〈u, g〉 = 0. This constraint is decomposed in a manner that permits us to achieve separability with very little cost in dimensionality. A general branch and bound algorithm is then applied to obtain solutions. Unlike the conventional mathematical program though, the multi-level program may fail to have a solution even when the decision variables are defined over a compact set. An auxiliary optimization problem is employed to detect such failure. Finally, the general max-min problem is discussed within the bi-level programming framework. Examples are given for a variety of related problems.
Photonic crystal nanocavity laser in an optically very thick slab

A photonic crystal (PhC) nanocavity formed in an optically very thick slab can support reasonably high-Q modes for lasing. Experimentally, we demonstrate room-temperature pulsed lasing operation from the PhC dipole mode emitting at 1324 nm, which is fabricated in an InGaAsP slab with thickness (T) of 606 nm. Numerical simulation reveals that when T≥800 nm, over 90% of the laser output power couples to the PhC slab modes, suggesting a new route toward an efficient in-plane laser for photonic integrated circuits.
California neuropsychological screening battery (CNS/B I & II)

Neuropsychological assessment of individuals exposed to workplace or environmental neurotoxins is a lengthy, highly specialized, and costly endeavor. Literature that documents the central nervous effects of neurotoxins is reviewed, and neuropsychological tests currently used in this type of assessment are discussed. The California Neuropsychological Screening Battery (CNS/B I & II) was designed to afford rapid and broad assessment of the variety of brain functions typically affected by toxic brain injuries. The CNS/B I & II is comprised of: (1) Wechsler Memory Scale; (2) Visual Information Processing; (3) WAIS-R subtests of: Digit Span, Vocabulary, Block Design, Arithmetic, and Digit Symbol; (4) Trail Making Test A and B; (5) Dynamometer; (6) Finger Tapping Test; (7) Purdue Pegboard; (8) Benton Visual Retention Test; and (9) Neurotoxic Anxiety Scale (Bowler, Becker, & Harrison, 1985). Administration time is 50 to 60 minutes. The CNS B/ I & II facilitates intraindividual and intergroup comparisons through examination of subtest scores within the battery.
26.4: Display Color Error in the Medical Digital Image Workflow

The color error produced by mobile and desktop displays is evaluated and compared relative to other error sources in the medical photography workflow. Several display calibration methods were also investigated for their effectiveness in reducing the initial color errors.
Work in progress: Student-directed learning: An approach to sustainability and engineering education

An increasing focus in K-12 educational outreach is on the fields of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). A challenge in educating students about STEM topics is the ability to communicate the key concepts on a level that engages the students. The student-directed learning approach allows the students to create educational content and the teacher to oversee the development. The student's peers serve as the audience, shifting the interface of students and teachers, as well as increasing student to student interaction. The proposed approach is based on the outcomes of a preliminary internship, which challenged students to develop a week-long module to communicate one of four sustainability concepts: green building, energy, water and green materials. The proposed study will focus on a larger sample of middle school students developing educational modules focused on sustainability and engineering. In-depth assessment of the student developers will provide information on audience awareness, self-efficacy, as well the effectiveness of the approach.
Morphing Airfoil Design for Minimum Drag and Actuation Energy Including Aerodynamic Work

Amorphing aircraft can change shape in flight; one possibility for morphing would make it possible to adjust the wing cross section to the best possible shape for any flight condition encountered by the aircraft. However, there is an actuation cost associated with making these shape changes that must be included in the optimization process. A previous effort by the authors investigated a simple strain energy model to account for the actuation cost for a morphing airfoil, and a multi-objective optimization found tradeoff solutions between low-energy, high-drag and high-energy, low-drag morphing airfoils. Building upon the previous effort, this paper formulates the aerodynamic contribution to work on the morphing airfoil. This aerodynamic work term can be added to the strain energy model to compute the total energy required for changing the shape of a morphing airfoil. Studies presented in this paper illustrate computation of this aerodynamic work and illustrate how the aerodynamic work can be either beneficial or unfavorable. The effect of the morphing airfoil’s relative stiffness on the multi-objective solutions is also presented.
Anti-sperm antibodies from infertile patients and their cognate sperm antigens: a review. Identity between SAGA-1, the H6-3C4 antigen, and CD52.

PROBLEM: The correlation of anti-sperm antibodies (ASA) with some instances of unexplained infertility implicates a role for these antibodies in blocking fertilization. Improved diagnosis and treatment of immunologic infertility, as well as a more complete understanding of the mechanism behind this phenomenon, are dependent on the identification and characterization of relevant sperm antigens. METHOD OF STUDY: In this article, we review literature on methods employed to identify sperm antigens using anti-sperm polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies from infertile patients and vasectomized men. Particular focus is given to approaches using human and mouse monoclonal antibodies to define the SAGA-1 human sperm antigen. RESULTS: ASA present in sera and genital tract secretions from infertile patients and vasectomized men have been employed in a variety of methods to identify sperm antigens. In an alternate approach, a monoclonal antibody (mAb), H6-3C4, was immortalized from the lymphocytes of an infertile woman who exhibited sperm-immobilizing titers. Subsequently, the sperm-agglutinating, murine S19 mAb was shown to react with the H6-3C4 cognate antigen. The H6-3C4/S19 cognate antigen, designated Sperm Agglutination Antigen-1 (SAGA-1), was characterized as a polymorphic, highly acidic, GPI-anchored glycoprotein on the surface of human spermatozoa. Purification with the S19 mAb followed by microsequencing demonstrated that the SAGA-1 core peptide is identical to CD52, a glycoprotein on the surface of human lymphocytes. Immunoblot analysis demonstrated that these two glycoproteins differed in carbohydrate composition. Thus, sperm SAGA-1 and lymphocyte CD52 represent glycoforms, glycoproteins with the same core peptide but with different carbohydrate structures. CONCLUSIONS: Autoimmunity to the SAGA-1 and/or CD52 glycoforms may lead to infertility. Structural and immunologic differences between these glycoproteins may be important factors in the etiology of immunologic infertility and other autoimmune disorders.
Researching Long-Term Orientation A Validation Study and Recommendations for Future Research

Assumptions about the long-term orientation (LTO) of family firms are common in family business research. Drawing on prior conceptualizations, this article further develops and validates the LTO construct using content analysis techniques on two separate samples of data. Validation comes through empirical analysis of content validity, external validity, dimensionality, and concurrent validity. We find that family firms are higher than nonfamily firms on all three dimensions of LTO. We also discuss how future research can use this now-validated construct to address key questions in family business research, as well as inform the broader business literature.
Angiotensin-II, the Brain, and Hypertension: An Update

Despite enormous therapeutic advancements, the incidence of hypertension continues to rise1 and remains a medical burden of global proportions.2 This is likely due, in part, to the complex pathogenesis of hypertension.1 In addition to pathological processes in peripheral cardiovascular organs, the central nervous system (CNS) has emerged as a major culprit. The renin–angiotensin system (RAS) plays a crucial role in cardiovascular control, and both systemic angiotensin-II (Ang-II) and centrally generated Ang-II signal through complex neural networks to contribute to the development of hypertension (Figure). Although the effects of Ang-II within the brain are multifaceted, several key hypertensive players have emerged, including oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, inflammation, and transcription factor activation. The purpose of this review is to provide a brief update on recent work related to Ang-II, the brain, and hypertension with a specific focus on Hypertension articles when appropriate. Figure. Simplified schematic illustrating the signaling pathways ( top box), as well as neural networks and sympathetic nervous system influenced physiological outputs ( middle box) involved in the development of hypertension due to peripherally or locally generated angiotensin-II (Ang-II) action in the brain. Common animal models used to evaluate Ang-II, the brain, and hypertension are also highlighted ( bottom box). See text for additional details. AP indicates area postrema; AP-1, activator protein-1; AT1aR, angiotensin type 1a receptor; CVLM, caudal ventral lateral medulla; DOCA, deoxycorticosterone acetate; ER, endoplasmic reticulum; EP1R, prostaglandin E receptor 1; IML, intermediolateral nucleus; MnPO, median preoptic nucleus; NAD(P)H, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate; NTS, nucleus tractus solitarii; NF-κB, nuclear factor-κB; OVLT, organum vasculosum lamina terminalis; PP, posterior pituitary; PVN, paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus; ROS, reactive oxygen species; RVLM, rostral ventral lateral medulla; SFO, subfornical organ; SHR, spontaneously hypertensive rat; and SON, supraoptic nucleus. Dysregulation of the RAS is common in human hypertension,3 …
Tough Choices: Dialysis, Palliative Care, or a Third Option for Elderly ESRD

Dialysis should not be presumed to be the treatment of choice for all elderly chronic kidney disease stage 5 patients. Nondialysis active medical management, as an alternative to dialysis or palliative care, is a reasonable alternative in select cases. Early referral of CKD 5 elderly patients may lead to early initiation of dialysis, which may not be advantageous; it also provides an opportunity to institute active management as a treatment alternative. The informed decision to proceed with dialysis must involve both an assessment of evidence-based outcomes applicable to the patient, and allowance of patient preference. Prognostic tools are increasingly sought to aid in decision-making for elderly CKD 5 patients. Chronological age alone is not a sufficient predictor of benefit from dialysis treatments, according to observational studies and limited clinical trial data. The survival advantage of dialysis appears to be lost in patients with high levels of comorbidity. Establishing patient preference is an imperfect process, and many patients appear to regret their decision to undergo dialysis. With active medical management, efforts shift from prolonging life to emphasis on symptom control, dietary and medical treatment, and quality of life. Patient survival time can be remarkably long.
Concurrent validity of the Stanford‐Binet: Fourth edition and Kaufman assessment battery for children with learning‐disabled students

This study examined the concurrent validity of the composite and area scores of the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale: Fourth Edition (SBIV) and the Mental Processing Composite and global scale scores of the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children (K-ABC). The tenability of interpreting the SBIV using the fluid/crystallized model, as suggested by the authors, was also considered. The subjects were 30 Black, learning-disabled elementary school students. Results of a t test indicated that the Mental Processing Composite score of the K-ABC was significantly higher than the SBIV Composite score. Moderate to high correlations were obtained when SBIV composite and area scores were compared to K-ABC composite and scale scores, reflecting a positive relationship between the two tests. The measures of fluid abilities (K-ABC Composite score; SBIV Abstract/Visual Reasoning) were highly correlated. The results of a multiple regression analysis indicated a moderate degree of correlation among the measures of crystallized ability (K-ABC Achievement; SBIV Verbal Reasoning and Quantitative Reasoning). The findings of this study demonstrated adequate concurrent validity for the SBIV. In addition, the results provided limited support for describing test results utilizing the fluid/crystallized interpretation model. Further research is suggested in order to examine other validity issues, such as classification of special education students and the SBIV's relationship to other similar instruments.
Preliminary spectrofluoroelectrochemical studies indicate a possible conformational change in horse heart cytochrome c upon reduction

Abstract An optically transparent thin-layer electrode can be used in conjunction with a spectrofluorometer to monitor the changes in the fluorescence properties of tryptophan-59 of horse heart cytochrome c as a function of applied solution potential. The fluorescence spectrum for the reduced state differs from that of the oxidized state. Several factors attenuated the fluorescence of the tryptophan, namely, (1) energy transfer of the fluorescence to the heme and (2) because of the high concentrations used in these studies, the fluorescence is decreased by quenching by other cytochrome c's in solution. Taking these two factors into account, the observed fluorescence intensities at a given wavelength can be explained if one assumes a movement of the tryptophan toward the heme of 0.7 ± 0.3 A upon reduction.
BMK1/ERK5 regulates serum-induced early gene expression through transcription factor MEF2C

Big MAP kinase 1 (BMK1), also known as ERK5, is a mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase member whose biological role is largely undefined. We have shown previously that the activity of BMK1 in rat smooth muscle cells is up-regulated by oxidants. Here, we describe a constitutively active form of the MAP kinase kinase, MEK5(D), which selectively activates BMK1 but not other MAP kinases in vivo. Through utilization of MEK5(D), we have determined that a member of the MEF2 transcription factor family, MEF2C, is a protein substrate of BMK1. BMK1 dramatically enhances the transactivation activity of MEF2C by phosphorylating a serine residue at amino acid position 387 in this transcription factor. Serum is also a potent stimulator of BMK1-induced MEF2C phosphorylation, since a dominant-negative form of BMK1 specifically inhibits serum-induced activation of MEF2C. One consequence of MEF2C activation is increased transcription of the c-jun gene. Taken together, these results strongly suggest that in some cell types the MEK5/BMK1 MAP kinase signaling pathway regulates serum-induced early gene expression through the transcription factor MEF2C.
A Comparison of Short-Channel Control in Planar Bulk and Fully Depleted Devices

The short-channel effects (SCEs) of planar bulk and fully depleted finFET devices have been compared using the same junction overlap and lateral gradient, and it is shown that, for finFET devices, a significant component of electrostatic control arises from a naturally present shallow extension junction. When such shallow junctions are applied to a bulk device, we show that the SCE becomes comparable to that of a finFET. Furthermore, we show that, if an embedded source/drain stressor is incorporated in a bulk device, it will not degrade the short-channel benefit of the ultrashallow junctions. The ability to span a wide power/performance range by doping and the improvement in SCEs by the use of ultrashallow extension junctions can potentially extend the life of bulk-type technologies.
A Child's Reactions to Parents' Problems

In the current world of high technology and glorification of "hard" science, the study of a child9s reactions to his parents9 problems may seem a bit archaic or sentimental. One might wonder what new information could have been learned in the past several decades about these age-old human problems for which common sense, rather than new data, might seem to serve as the best guide. However, the more rigorous applications of scientific methods of psychiatry, psychoanalysis, epidemiology, cybernetics, and psychology have shed new light on this age-old problem. Perhaps the most challenging aspect of addressing the issue of a child9s reaction to his parents9 problems is the bewildering diversity of possible responses. To propose that one kind of parental problem gives rise to one kind of reaction in a child obviously in nonsense. Although there seem to be some reactions that are more likely to occur in response to some specific parental problems, children can and do respond with the entire repertoire of emotional and behavioral reactions that are available to them as human beings. The following case illustrates the complexity and diversity of a child9s reactions to his parents9 problems. DG was an 8-year-old boy who was referred for a psychiatric evaluation by his pediatrician because of concerns about DG9S poor attention span, excessive activity, and provocative behaviour.
Contrasting Adult Literacy Learners With and Without Specific Learning Disabilities

This study of 311 adult education learners found 29% self-reported having a specific learning disability (SLD). Significant differences in demographic, academic, and life experience variables between the adult learners with and without SLD included prior participation in special education, having both an SLD diagnosis and a high school diploma, low reading scores, middle age, and negative perceptions about limitations because of reading abilities. A post hoc regression analysis found SLD status significantly contributes to variance in reading level when controlling for age and IQ. From these findings, we conclude that SLD status should be considered an educationally relevant variable in adult education that warrants a diagnostic or clinical teaching approach.
Effects of embryonic exposure to methylmercury on larval prey-capture ability in the mummichog, fundulus heteroclitus

Embryos of the mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus) were exposed to 2, 5, or 10 mg/L methylmercury (meHg) throughout development; these are concentrations below those which cause teratological effects in this species. After hatching, larvae were maintained in clean seawater and tested for prey-capture ability, using Artemia salina nauplii. Larvae that had been exposed to 10 mg/L methylmercury (and in two out of three trials, 5 mg/L) initially exhibited slower prey-capture ability than did the other groups. This is an indication of a subtle functional impairment due to the toxicant (“behavioral teratology”). However, the effect was transitory, and by about 1 week after hatching the prey capture of these larvae equalled that of the controls and the other treated groups. Growth of these larvae was also comparable to that of controls. The exposure may have caused retardation of neurological development, which was subsequently compensated for, and therefore no long-lasting effects were produced. In the field, however, embryos exposed to toxicants would probably continue to be exposed as larvae, and might not have the opportunity to recover from the deleterious effects, but rather might have them augmented.
Comparison of Selected Survey Instruments for Software Team Communication Research

One of the factors that influence task productivity is communication pertaining to task, resources, and organizational issues. The objective of this research is to explore the availability of validated survey instruments in the area of organizational and team communication and assess their applicability in software development team research. Based on past studies, we have selected six comprehensive instruments. This paper will provide a brief summary of the instruments and the various dimensions that they cover. The instruments are classified using a Group Variable Classification System (GVCS - inputprocess - output - feedback) model for team research. As most of the instruments have been used in manufacturing or service environments in the past, these instruments need to be tailored for use in software team research. They can also be used as a basis for developing new instruments.
Intrinsic aging and classes of nonparametric distributions

We develop a general framework for understanding the nonparametric (aging) properties of nonnegative random variables through the notion of intrinsic aging. We also introduce some new notions of aging. Many classical and more recent results are special cases of our general results. Our general framework also leads to new results for existing notions of aging, as well as many results for our new notions of aging.
What Students Say About Their Mathematical Thinking When They Listen

Mathematical listening is an important aspect of mathematical communication. Yet there are relatively few examinations of this phenomenon. Further, existing studies of students' mathematical listening come from observational data, lacking the student perspective. This study examined student replies to an open-response question regarding what happens to their thinking about mathematics when they listen to their peers' mathematical talk. Results suggest varying ways of listening that range from more passive to more active forms. While relationships were observed between ways of listening and perceived forms of engaging in mathematical discussion, no relationship was observed with the frequency with which students reported participating in discussions.
Cue System Usage in Oral and Silent Reading

The comparative use of grapho/phonic and syntactic/semantic cues for ongoing word recognition by readers of varying grade levels was examined in both oral and silent reading modes. Twenty-four subjects in each of four grades (2, 4, 6, and 8) read grade-appropriate passages orally and silently. Target passages each had an orthographically altered word embedded in the text. Results included a marked difference in cue system implementation in oral and silent reading modes. A greater number of altered words were identified in the oral reading mode. This difference was statistically significant in three of the four grade levels: Grade 4, F(1, 23) = 19.58, p<.001; in Grade 6, F(1, 23) = 9.38, p<.005; and in Grade 8, F(1, 23) = 6.18, p<.02. These results cast suspicion on diagnostic and instructional practices which assume similar word recognition processing in both reading modes. Even diametrically opposed models of the reading process, for example, Good
Impact of low-level gestational exposure to organophosphate pesticides on neurobehavior in early infancy: a prospective study

Background National data suggest widespread gestational exposure to organophosphate pesticides (OPs) based on the detection of OP metabolites in the urine of pregnant women. Associations with early infant neurobehavior are largely understudied, with only two studies reporting abnormal reflexes in newborns in association with gestational exposure to OPs. Our objective was to utilize biological markers of OP metabolites in pregnant women and a comprehensive assessment of infant neurobehavior to determine the association of gestational exposure to OPs with neurobehavioral outcomes during early infancy.
Performance analysis of a channel allocation scheme with preemptive priority for integrated voice/data mobile networks

This paper presents a new channel allocation scheme with preemptive priority for the integrated voice/data mobile network. Based on the scheme, a two-dimensional Markov process is built, and the steady-state probability is solved by the matrix-analytic method. The preemptive priority mechanism introduced gives more benefit to voice traffic at the expense of degrading some data traffic, while the victim buffer compensates the degradation and has no negative effect on voice traffic. From the analysis and numerical results, we can conclude that our scheme can guarantee different QoS requirements from different traffic classes, and significantly improve the channel utilization.
Waves and Instabilities for Model Tropical Convective Parameterizations

Models of the tropical atmosphere with crude vertical resolution are important as intermediate models for understanding convectively coupled wave hierarchies and also as simplified models for studying various strategies for parameterizing convection and convectively coupled waves. Simplified models are utilized in a detailed analytical study of the waves and instabilities for model convective parameterizations. Three convection schemes are analyzed: a strict quasi-equilibrium (QE) scheme and two schemes that attempt to model the departures from quasi equilibrium by including the shorter timescale effects of penetrative convection, the Lagrangian parcel adjustment (LPA) scheme and a new instantaneous convective available potential energy (CAPE) adjustment (ICAPE) scheme. Unlike the QE parameterization scheme, both the LPA and ICAPE schemes have scale-selective finite bands of unstable wavelengths centered around typical cluster and supercluster scales with virtually identical growth rates and wave structure. However, the LPA scheme has, in addition, two nonphysical superfast parasitic waves that are artifacts of this parameterization while such waves are completely absent in the new ICAPE parameterization. Another topic studied here is the fashion in which an imposed barotropic mean wind triggers a transition to instability in the Tropics through suitable convectively coupled waves; this is the simplest analytical problem for studying the influence of midlatitudes on convectively coupled waves. For an easterly barotropic mean flow with the effect of rotation included, both supercluster-scale moist Kelvin waves and cluster-scale moist mixed Rossby‐gravity waves participate in the transition to instability. The wave and stability properties of the ICAPE parameterization with rotation are studied through a novel procedure involving complete zonal resolution but low-order meridional truncation. Besides moist Kelvin, mixed Rossby‐gravity, and equatorial Rossby waves, this approximation retains other slowly propagating moist gravity waves in a consistent fashion.
Women-Owned businesses and access to bank credit: Evidence from three surveys since 1987

Abstract Women-owned businesses are often thought to face difficulties in applying for and securing bank loans (Schwartz, 1979; Riding and Swift, 1990; Buttner and Rosen, 1992; Fabowale et al., 1995; Haines et al., 1999; Coleman, 2000). While there may always be individual instances of difficulties with credit availability that might receive the attention of the media, the more important issue—especially given the increasing contribution of women-owned business to growth in the US economy, is whether women-owned businesses face any systemic, non-economic discrimination in applying for credit. We test three questions related to the success of women-owned businesses in accessing commercial bank financing. First, are women-owned businesses less likely to apply for bank loans than businesses owned by men? Second are women-owned businesses more likely to be turned down in their most recent loan application? And finally, if approved on their most recent loan application, are they more likely to receive a smalle...
Spacecraft Navigation Using a Grayscale Optical Correlator

In this paper, recent technical progress in developing a compact high-speed Grayscale Optical Correlator (GOC) for real-time pattern recognition at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) will be presented. This GOC, under partial sponsorship by the Telecommunication and Mission Operation Directorate (TMOD) program at JPL, is being investigated for spacecraft navigation applications. All up-to-date hardware development, soft simulation and experimental demonstration of real-time landmark tracking during a lander descent sequence will be reported.
Nonreceptor tyrosine kinase c-Yes interacts with occludin during tight junction formation in canine kidney epithelial cells.

Occludin is an integral membrane protein that is tyrosine phosphorylated when localized at tight junctions. When Ca2+was depleted from the culture medium, occludin tyrosine phosphorylation was dimi...
Analysis of Peripheral Blood and Salivary Gland Lymphocytes in Sjogren’s Syndrome

Sjorgren’s syndrome (1°-SS) is characterized by dry mouth and dry eyes due to salivary and lacrimal gland infiltration by lymphocytes. Using monoclonal antibodies, we compared lymphocyte subsets in salivary glands (SG) and peripheral blood (PB). In SG biopsies stained with immunofluorescence or immunoperoxidase techniques, OKT4+ cells were the predominant subset; the OKT4/OKT8 ratio exceeded 3.0 in all 5 cases examined. In 1 case of pseudolymphoma, a lymph node (LN) biopsy contained 80% T-cells with an OKT4/OKT8 ratio of 3.2. By cytofluorographic analysis, PB lymphocytes in 15 patients with 1°-SS had a decreased number of OKT8+ cells as compared to age matched controls (353±186 vs. 631±150/mm3) (p 2.4) in 67% of these patients (range from 1.0 to 6.4) (normal=1.8±0.3). The decreased number of OKT8+ cells in 1°-SS was not due to circulating autoantibody, since patients’ serum did not react with normal OKT8+ cells. T-helper cell a3ctivity for immunoglobulin synthesis was contained in the OKT4+ subset in both normals and 1°-SS patients’ PBL. This study demonstrates predominance of a particular T-cell subset (OKT3+, OKT4+, OKT8-) at sites of inflammmation (SG, LN) as well as in PBL in patients with 1°-SS.
Alternative Sources of Information and the Selection Decision Making Process

Personal information available on networking websites such as and Facebook© and LinkedIn© is being used more frequently in the workplace. This study examined the effect of alternative sources of information (i.e., information beyond that provided on a formal resume) on applicant evaluations and selection decision making. Alternative information was provided in a format similar to that utilized on social networking websites. Specifically, information was provided about job candidates’ alcohol consumption and gambling habits, information not typically found on resumes. It was hypothesized that evaluations of job candidates would be negatively influenced by the provision of negative information through a non resume source. The results indicated that alcohol consumption negatively affected evaluations of job candidates in five areas (likelihood of extending an interview invitation, assessment of qualifications, recommendation for hire, expected work performance, and expected work tenure). Gambling was found to negatively affect evaluations of job candidates in one area (expected work tenure), and the interaction between alcohol consumption and gambling was found to negatively affect evaluations of job candidates in three areas (assessment of qualifications, recommendation for hire, and expected work tenure). Consistent with the hypothesis, it appears that exposure to negative information through a non resume source negatively affected evaluations of job candidates.
Differential Effects of Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4α Isoforms on Tumor Growth and T-Cell Factor 4/AP-1 Interactions in Human Colorectal Cancer Cells

The nuclear receptor hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (HNF4α) is tumor suppressive in the liver but amplified in colon cancer, suggesting that it also might be oncogenic. To investigate whether this discrepancy is due to different HNF4α isoforms derived from its two promoters (P1 and P2), we generated Tet-On-inducible human colon cancer (HCT116) cell lines that express either the P1-driven (HNF4α2) or P2-driven (HNF4α8) isoform and analyzed them for tumor growth and global changes in gene expression (transcriptome sequencing [RNA-seq] and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing [ChIP-seq]). The results show that while HNF4α2 acts as a tumor suppressor in the HCT116 tumor xenograft model, HNF4α8 does not. Each isoform regulates the expression of distinct sets of genes and recruits, colocalizes, and competes in a distinct fashion with the Wnt/β-catenin mediator T-cell factor 4 (TCF4) at CTTTG motifs as well as at AP-1 motifs (TGAXTCA). Protein binding microarrays (PBMs) show that HNF4α and TCF4 share some but not all binding motifs and that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in sites bound by both HNF4α and TCF4 can alter binding affinity in vitro, suggesting that they could play a role in cancer susceptibility in vivo. Thus, the HNF4α isoforms play distinct roles in colon cancer, which could be due to differential interactions with the Wnt/β-catenin/TCF4 and AP-1 pathways.
Older Adults Attitudes Toward And Adoption Of Personal Computers And Computer-Based Lifestyle Assistance

This research examined the attitudes of older adults toward personal computers and the many roles they may play in their lives. The findings indicate that mature adults appear receptive to select forms of computer-based lifestyle assistance. Younger, more active older adults who have computer experience appear more receptive. Obstacles to product adoption include cost, psychological fears, and computer literacy.
A mixed quantum-classical molecular dynamics study of the hydroxyl stretch in methanol/carbon tetrachloride mixtures: equilibrium hydrogen-bond structure and dynamics at the ground state and the infrared absorption spectrum.

We present a mixed quantum-classical molecular dynamics study of the structure and dynamics of the hydroxyl stretch in methanol/carbon tetrachloride mixtures. One of the methanol molecules is tagged, and its hydroxyl stretch is treated quantum-mechanically, while the remaining degrees of freedom are treated classically. The adiabatic Hamiltonian of the quantum-mechanical hydroxyl is diagonalized on-the-fly to obtain the corresponding adiabatic energy levels and wave functions which depend parametrically on the instantaneous configuration of the classical degrees of freedom. The dynamics of the classical degrees of freedom are in turn affected by the quantum-mechanical state of the tagged hydroxyl stretch via the corresponding Hellmann–Feynman forces. The ability of five different force-field combinations to reproduce the experimental absorption infrared spectrum of the hydroxyl stretch is examined for different isotopomers and on a wide range of compositions. It is found that, in addition to accounting fo...
Functional disorders of the upper airway associated with playing wind instruments.

Several known functional disorders of the upper airway are associated with playing wind instruments. Some of these problems have been known for hundreds of years. Subcutaneous emphysema of the head and neck and parotid, palate paralysis, patulous eustachian tubes, laryngocele, and pharyngocele are some of the more common problems. In evaluating disorders of wind instrumentalists, it is important to obtain a history that is unique to the individual, including information about the work environment, playing technique, and length of time playing. Physicians should understand the differences in wind instruments, mouthpieces, and reeds to understand the pathologic problems that occur in wind instrumentalists. This paper serves as an introduction to some of the signs and symptoms of these problems and how they are unique in wind instrumentalists.
Philornis ectoparasitism of Pearly-eyed Thrashers. I. Impact on growth and development of nestlings

-Growth rates varied little among unparasitized (normally developing) Pearlyeyed Thrasher nestlings. Botfly ectoparasitism, however, significantly retarded growth and development in parasitized young. Parasitized nestlings showed different growth patterns at various ages, depending on the timing of the initial parasitic attack and the extent of larval infestation. Nestling growth was most affected within the first 1.5 weeks after hatching, the period of maximum growth rate in 4 of 5 sampled growth characters (body mass, culmen, ulna, tarsus). The ninth primary feather showed accelerated growth as fledging approached. Body mass and tarsus were most affected by ectoparasitism. Nestling body mass fluctuated markedly in response to the biomass of the infesting larvae. Tarsus length was retarded in parasitized young throughout the nestling period. A combination of inherent and environmental factors showed the need to consider morphological characters in addition to body mass as possible determinants of avian growth. Received 6 February 1984, accepted 10
Effects of Pituitary Grafts on Testosterone Stimulated Growth of Rat Prostate

The effect of prolactin and testosterone on the lateral prosnatic growth was studied in Fischer 344 rats. Two pituitaries from adult female rats/animal were grafted under the renal capsule of 30day -old castrated males. The control castrates received surgical exposure of the kidney but no grafts. Silasnic tubing either empty or packed with crystalline testosterone for 0.5, 2.0 or 4.0 cm of its length was implanted s.c. into each ran immediately following the grafting or sham operation. Three weeks later, all animals were sacrificed. The average serum prolactin in pituitary-grafted ani mals was 430 ng/ml. In nongrafted controls, the average was 15â€”50ng/ml. In rats bearing pituitary grafts and 0.5 cm of testosterone tubing, lateral prostate weight was 88% greater than in controls given 0.5 cm of testosterone tubing alone. In animals with grafts and 2.0 cm testosterone tubing, the increase in lateral prostate weight was only 27%. Furthermore, in those given 4.0 cm testoster one tubing, lateral prostate weights in grafted and control animals were not significantly different. Pituitary grafts did not increase the weight of ventral prostate, dorsal prostate, seminal vesicle or coagulating gland beyond that stimulated by the testosterone tubing. Results demonstrated an in verse relationship between circulating testosterone levels and the degree of synergism with pro lactin on the weight of the lateral prostate in rats.
Comparison of the Efficacy of Different Surgical Hypospadias

Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy of different surgical methods of hypospadias.Methods:Our hospital urethra bifida patients were divided into group A different surgical approach,group B and group C,Duckett surgery treatment in group A,group B to Snodgrass patients for treatment,Group C patients with scrotal midline skin island flap for treatment.Results:A,B Both surgical success rate in patients with no significant differences(P0.05);scrotal midline skin island flap spell the chance of complications was significantly lower than the other two group(P0.05).Conclusion:The different surgical procedures for hypospadias crack treatment,each type of surgery each point should be considered in the clinical use of the patient's situation to develop appropriate surgical treatment,in order to effectively improve the prognosis of patients.
Clinical Analysis of Nine Cases of Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome

Objective:To study clinical manifestations and treatment of staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS).Methods:The clinical data of nine children with staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome were analyzed retrospectively.Results:Nine cases had fever and typical skin lesions.six cases raised in white blood cells.five cases had obvious precipitating causes.Culture Results showed that Staphylococcus aurous was detected from the samplestaking from blister in one case and blood in two cases.Conclusions:Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome predominates in infants.Bacteria infection on skin is the main precipitating causes.The early treatment with effective antibiotics is the key to cure the patients.
Flood Zone Uncertainty and the Likelihood of Marketing Success

This work investigates the effect of uncertainty over a property's flood zone status and the probability of a transaction for residential property during a given marketing period. While the impact ...