cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Attributes and metrics for comparative quantification of disaster resilience across diverse performance mandates and standards of building

Abstract With the growing concern of climate change and more frequent and severe natural disaster events affecting the built environment, enhancing the performance and resilience of buildings has become increasingly vital. Stakeholders are seeking guidance towards improving both the individual performance of buildings and systems as well as their overall disaster resilience. Thus, they require tools that can comparatively evaluate technologies across multiple standards and qualities of construction in a consistent way. Such tools would be used as a means to make effective decisions based upon different performance metrics as they apply to a particular situation or context. However, neither common, succinct definitions nor metrics for evaluating both resilience and building performance across various construction standards exists, which makes conducting such assessments a considerably difficult task. Evaluating and comparing the performance and resilience levels of buildings and their systems in response to various natural disaster risks necessitates metrics that distinguish the contributing attributes for each aspect of performance and resilience. Consequently, such metrics then allow for benchmarking and comparisons between buildings and systems, and permit the quantification of potential improvements, or lack thereof, when implementing various building technologies in an effort to simultaneously increase performance and resilience. This paper addressed this need by demonstrating that attributes and corresponding metrics of disaster resilience for buildings can be consistently quantified by a function of Functionality and Time and subsequently used for disaster resilience assessments. A thematic analysis of a sample of relevant texts was conducted to validate the hypothesis theorized for measuring resilience.
3-D constrained inversion of gravimetric data to map the tectonic terranes of southeastern Laurentia using simulated annealing

Abstract Inversion of gravity anomaly data can be an effective tool in reconstructing the geologic history of a region by segregating tectonic terranes with different physical properties. Recent advances in computational capabilities coupled with lithospheric-scale seismic experiments provide the opportunity to conduct 3D regional-scale, constrained inversions of gravity data using global optimization algorithms. Here, a method for inverting gravity anomaly data by combining a finite-element method based forward calculation with a simulated annealing algorithm is introduced. The method is applied to the southeastern Laurentia region, which is comprised of an amalgamation of crustal blocks spanning a tectonic history of over 1.5 Ga. The method better defines the gross crustal density distribution of the region, and proves to be efficient in spatially discriminating between the different tectonic terranes. The tectonic terranes fall within four distinct groups, based on the average crustal density, each of which seem to have undergone a distinct geologic history.
Gender Differences or Gendered Differences: Understanding the Power of Language in Training and Research in Supervision.

Gender differences are defined as biological differences between sexes; however, this review explores how perceived differences may be culturally reinforced gendered behavior that occur within supervision as opposed to actual biological differences among sexes. Additionally, literature supports that gender differences in supervision are minimal, reflecting more similarities between genders. In the present review, research on gender differences and clinical supervision are examined. Further, a brief overview of language theory is presented to explore how gender differences are defined in supervision and whether they actually exist.
Earnings Quality on the Street

To understand how practitioners operationalize evaluations of earnings quality, we obtain a proprietary dataset of 1,029 reports on aggressive reporting practices over 2003-2015 for 348 unique firms published by a research firm (RF) that sells such data to institutional clients. From these reports, we identify 121 measures of poor earnings quality under four major categories: (i) sales quality; (ii) margin quality; (iii) cash flow quality; and (iv) others. As a first-cut to short-list stocks for detailed fundamental analysis, the RF appears to screen for larger, growing firms with lower barriers to arbitrage. The firms flagged by the RF also have higher M-score, F-score, and total and abnormal accruals. The average two (251) days abnormal return after the stock is first flagged by the RF is -1.30 (-18.5) percent, and such return is incremental to the return attributable to mispricing of accruals. Modified Jones and Dechow-Dichev models of abnormal accruals do not appear to capture RF identified signals well suggesting that such models are too coarse to pick up nuanced fundamental analysis conducted by the RF. In out of sample analyses, we find that the RF signals are associated with future restatements, AAERs, and GAAP-related lawsuits after controlling for other earnings quality indicators. We develop an improved earnings quality indicator (RFSCORE) for firms in the retail, durable manufacturing, and business services sectors using the RF’s signals which are based on granular, context- and industry-specific fundamental analysis. To the Street, our paper suggests that fundamental analysis, beyond just the magnitude of accruals, can predict future stock returns. To academics, our research demonstrates that granular, context-specific analysis of public data can supplement and improve the workhorse models used to identify poor earnings quality.
Deep learning for cellular image analysis

Recent advances in computer vision and machine learning underpin a collection of algorithms with an impressive ability to decipher the content of images. These deep learning algorithms are being applied to biological images and are transforming the analysis and interpretation of imaging data. These advances are positioned to render difficult analyses routine and to enable researchers to carry out new, previously impossible experiments. Here we review the intersection between deep learning and cellular image analysis and provide an overview of both the mathematical mechanics and the programming frameworks of deep learning that are pertinent to life scientists. We survey the field's progress in four key applications: image classification, image segmentation, object tracking, and augmented microscopy. Last, we relay our labs' experience with three key aspects of implementing deep learning in the laboratory: annotating training data, selecting and training a range of neural network architectures, and deploying solutions. We also highlight existing datasets and implementations for each surveyed application.
Transport of Neutral and Charged Solutes in Imidazolium-Functionalized Poly(phenylene oxide) Membranes for Artificial Photosynthesis

Anion exchange membranes (AEMs) play an essential role in artificial photosynthesis devices, which photoelectrochemically convert CO2 and water into useful products. AEMs allow the transport of cha...
Buyer Beware: Evidence-Based Evaluation of Dietary Supplements for Nephrolithiasis.

Introduction: Numerous dietary supplements claiming to treat or prevent kidney stones have recently been brought to the market. However, the evidence for these claims is not clear. This study asses...
Epidemiology and Outcomes of Acute Decompensated Heart Failure in Children

Background: Acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) is a highly morbid condition among adults. Little is known about outcomes in children with ADHF. We analyzed the Pediatric Cardiac Critical Care...
Ontogenetic variation in the auditory sensitivity of black sea bass (Centropristis striata) and the implications of anthropogenic sound on behavior and communication.

Black sea bass (Centropristis striata) is an important fish species in both commercial and recreational fisheries of southern New England and the mid-Atlantic Bight. Due to the intense urbanization of these waters, this species is subject to a wide range of anthropogenic noise pollution. Concerns that C. striata are negatively affected by pile driving and construction noise predominate in areas earmarked for energy development. However, as yet, the hearing range of C. striata is unknown, making it hard to evaluate potential risks. This study is a first step in understanding the effects of anthropogenic noise on C. striata by determining the auditory bandwidth and thresholds of this species using auditory evoked potentials (AEPs), creating pressure and acceleration audiograms. These physiological tests were conducted on wild-caught C. striata in three size/age categories. Results showed that juvenile C. striata significantly had the lowest thresholds, with hearing sensitivity decreasing in the larger size classes. Furthermore, Centropristis striata has fairly sensitive hearing relative to other related species. Preliminary investigations into the mechanisms of their hearing ability were undertaken with gross dissections and an opportunistic micro computed tomography image to address the auditory structures including otoliths and swimbladder morphology. Crucially, the hearing range of C. striata, and their most sensitive frequencies, directly overlap with high-amplitude anthropogenic noise pollution such as shipping and underwater construction.
Does ambient RF energy suffice to power battery-free IoT?

Recent years have witnessed novel designs of battery-free IoT tags using RF backscatter. Traditionally, they require a dedicated transmitter to excite the tag. However, such a deployment is infeasible at large scale. To counter this problem, researchers have proposed using ambient RF energy to power up the battery-free tag. In this poster, we evaluate if this ambient RF energy is sufficient to meet the power requirements of a battery-free tag in today's urban and rural areas. We also compare available ambient RF energy across different frequencies. Finally, we discuss open challenges in realising ambient backscatter systems in real-world.
Proanthocyanidin Structural Details Revealed by Ultrahigh Resolution FT-ICR MALDI-Mass Spectrometry, 1H–13C HSQC NMR, and Thiolysis-HPLC–DAD

Proanthocyanidins (condensed tannins) are important in food chemistry, agriculture, and health, driving demand for improvements in structure determination. We used ultrahigh resolution Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) methods to determine the exact composition of individual species in heterogeneous mixtures of proanthocyanidin polymers from Sorghum bicolor grain and Neptunia lutea leaves. Fragmentation patterns obtained with FT-ICR ESI MS-MS (electrospray ionization) confirmed structural details from thiolysis-high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-diode array detection (DAD) and 1H-13C heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC) NMR. We found that A-type linkages were characteristic of shorter polymers in predominantly B-linked proanthocyanidin. We suggest that supramolecular complex formation between proanthocyanidins and matrix components such as 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid was responsible for anomalous 152 dalton peaks, incorrectly assigned as 3-O-galloylation, when using FT-ICR matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI-MS). Our data illustrate the power of the ultrahigh resolution FT-ICR methods but include the caveat that MALDI-MS must be paired with complementary analytical tools to avoid artifacts.
Beyond Resistance! : youth activism and community change : new democratic possibilities for practice and policy for America's youth

Section 1: Reframing Youth Resistance: Building Theories of Youth Activism 1. Beyond Policy: Ideology, Race and the Re-imagining of Youth 2. Examining Youth Organizing and Identity-Support: Two Civic Activist Approaches for Engaging Youth in Social Justice 3. Teaching and Learning in Youth Activism: A Case for Youth-Centered Apprenticeships 4. Sociopolitical Development: The Missing Link in Research and Policy on Adolescents 5. The Racial Dimensions of Social Capital: Towards a New Understanding of Youth Empowerment & Community Organizing in America's Urban Core Section 2: Learning for Justice: Innovative Pedagogies for Justice in Schools 6. From Hunger Strike to High School: Youth Development, Social Justice and School Formation 7. Youth Initiated Research as a Tool for Advocacy and Change in Urban Schools 8. 'Best of Both Worlds': Youth Poetry as Social Critique and Form of Empowerment 9. Urban Youth, Media Literacy, and Increased Critical Civic Participation Section 3: Street Corner Democracy: Youth, Civil Society and Community Change 10. From Hip Hop to Humanization: Cafe Teatro Batey Urbano, Latino Youth Culture and Community Action 11. Participation in Social Change: Shifting Adolescents' Developmental Pathways 12. Youth of Color Movement for Juvenile Justice 13. 'Taking Their Own Power': Urban Youth, Community-Based Youth Organizations, and Public Efficacy 14. Taking Charge in Lake Wobegon: Youth, Social Justice, and Anti-Racist Organizing in the Twin Cities Section 4: Perspectives on Youth Civic Engagement and Youth Policies 15. Researching and Resisting: Democratic Policy Research By and For Youth 16. Promoting Citizenship and Activism in Today's Youth, Lonnie Sherrod 17. Youth Policy and Institutional Change 18. Youth Participation for Educational Reform in Low-Income Communities of Colors Conclusion: Youth Agency, Resistance, and Civic Activism: the Public Commitment to Social Justice
Attention Deficit Disorder and Case Management: Infusing Macro Social Work Practice

L'etude des troubles de l'attention chez l'enfant apparait comme tres complexe. L'A. affirme qu'elle necessite une approche multidimensionnelle. Il montre que la comprehension de ce phenomene necessite de la par du travailleur social la prise en compte d'un grand nombre d'orientations, de methodes : etude de cas, travail au niveau macrosociologique, examen des pratiques professionnelles et des conceptions du travail social, intervention macrosociologique. Il passe en revue l'ensemble de ces orientations
What We Don't Learn from Clinical Trials in Epilepsy

The randomized, double-blind trial design offers the most accurate data regarding the efficacy of antiepileptic treatments. However, translating the results of a trial into clinical care can be complex due to the intrinsic tension between the requirements for scientific methods that minimize systematic and random error, and the need for clinically relevant and generalizable data. The interpretation of the trial results is complicated further by the probable inaccuracy of self-reported seizure rates and spontaneously reported adverse effects in most trials. Patient preference may be a feasible outcome measure that allows patient-oriented validation of the results, and also inherently weighs the positive and negative effects of a treatment in a single endpoint.
Laser Diagnostic Studies of Plasma Etching and Deposition

Laser excited fluorescence spectroscopy was used to determine that CF2 radicals control the silicon dioxide to silicon etch ratio in fluorocarbon discharges used to etch silicon and silicon dioxide. CF2 was found to control the etch ratio through polymer formation which selectively inhibits the silicon etch rate.
Wind-Blown Bubbles: The Evolution of the Complex Structure of NGC 6543

The importance of stellar winds in the shaping of PNs has now been recognized (e.g. Kwok 1982, Volk and Kwok 1985, Okorokov et al. 1985, Kahn 1983, Kahn and West 1985). Balick (this volume) argues that evidence of wind-nebula interactions is nearly ubiquitous. If wind-nebula interactions are occurring in NGC 6543, they should be able to account for its many filaments and other small-scale features.
Is parental death a selective precursor to either panic disorder or agoraphobia? : A test of the separation anxiety hypothesis

Abstract In a controlled chart-review study of the separation anxiety hypothesis (SAH) of agoraphobia or panic disorder, the incidence of parental (maternal and paternal) deaths was recorded from the histories of 40 patients, each with panic disorder, agoraphobia, and a control group of simple phobics. The overall incidence of parental loss was low in all three groups, and there were no significant differences among them either in terms of the incidence of parental death or in patient ages at the time of parental death. It is concluded from these results and on a review of other studies on the SAH that the hypothesis is not well supported and should be abandoned in the DSM-IV.
Implementation of an eta belt domain on parallel systems

We extend the Eta weather model from a regional domain into a belt domain that does not require meridional boundary conditions. We describe how the extension is achieved and the parallel implementation of the code on the Cray T3E and the SGI Origin 2000. We validate the forecast results on the two platforms and examine how the removal of the meridional boundary conditions affects these forecasts. In addition, using several domains of different sizes and resolutions, we present the scaling performance of the code on both systems.
On the Reality of the Eigenvalues for a Class of -Symmetric Oscillators

We study the eigenvalue problem \(\) with the boundary conditions that \(\) decays to zero as z tends to infinity along the rays \(\), where \(\) is a real polynomial and \(\). We prove that if for some \(\) we have \(\) for all \(\), then the eigenvalues are all positive real. We then sharpen this to a larger class of polynomial potentials.
Antagonistic interactions between honey bee bacterial symbionts and implications for disease

Background Honey bees, Apis mellifera, face many parasites and pathogens and consequently rely on a diverse set of individual and group-level defenses to prevent disease. One route by which honey bees and other insects might combat disease is through the shielding effects of their microbial symbionts. Bees carry a diverse assemblage of bacteria, very few of which appear to be pathogenic. Here we explore the inhibitory effects of these resident bacteria against the primary bacterial pathogen of honey bees, Paenibacillus larvae.
Development of an ErbB‐overexpressing A‐431 Optical Reporting Tumor Xenograft Model to Assess Targeted Photodynamic Therapy Regimens

To better assess the efficacy of erbB-targeted therapies, it would help to have optical reporting human tumor xenograft models that abundantly express erbB receptors. A-431 cells have frequently been used in erbB1-targeting studies, but a well-characterized optical reporting version of the cell line has not been readily available. In this study, optical reporting A-431 clones were developed that express both a fluorescent protein reporter (green, GFP; or red, RFP) and a bioluminescent reporter, firefly luciferase. Reporter genes were transduced into cells using commercial lentiviral vectors, and clonal selection was carried out using a series of procedures. A number of clones were isolated for further characterization. A GFP/luciferase clone, A-431/D4, and an RFP/luciferase clone, A-431/G4, were obtained that exhibit erbB1 expression levels and tumor growth kinetics similar to the parental cells. To demonstrate the utility of the optical reporting clones, A-431/G4 tumors were grown subcutaneously in nude mice and treated with vascular-targeted photodynamic therapy (PDT), which targets the angiogenic consequences of erbB signaling. The A-431/G4 tumor model permitted highly sensitive longitudinal monitoring of PDT treatment response using optical imaging. A-431/D4 and A-431/G4 optical reporting tumor models should also prove useful for assessing therapies that directly target the erbB1 receptor.
Switched-capacitor DC-DC converters for low-power on-chip applications

The paper describes switched-capacitor DC-DC power converters (charge pumps) suitable for on-chip, low-power applications. The proposed configurations are based on connecting two identical but opposite-phase SC converters in parallel, thus eliminating the need for separate bootstrap gate drivers. The authors focus on emerging very low-power VLSI applications such as battery-powered or self-powered signal processors where high power conversion efficiency is important and where power levels are in the milliwatt range. Conduction and switching losses are considered to allow design optimization in terms of switching frequency and component sizes. Open-loop and closed-loop operation of an experimental, fully integrated, 10 MHz voltage doubler is described. The doubler has 2 V or 3 V input and generates 3.3 V or 5 V output at up to 5 mW load. The converter circuit fabricated in a standard 1.2 /spl mu/ CMOS technology takes 0.7 mm/sup 2/ of the chip area.
The design of plasma lens components

Abstract The optics of the plasma lens are reviewed, considering the constraints imposed by aberrations, jitter and backgrounds, which limit the maximum and minimum focal lengths. These constraints, together with the beam density, then determine the design of the valve/nozzle/pumping system required for a given application. This paper describes the performance of a test valve/nozzle assembly designed to operate in the regime of the SLC final focus. The valve was able to produce throughputs of 7 Torrl/s for pulses of gas with a width of 70 μs (FWHM), and angular distributions were measured for three nozzle geometries.
Did tRNA synthetase classes arise on opposite strands of the same gene

Structural homology of class II aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases to the HSP70 family and the existence of a gene whose sense and antisense strands code for a dehydrogenase and an HSP70 chaperonin justify reconsideration of a possible sense-antisense ancestry for the two synthetase classes.
Politics without a Head: Is the "Love Parade" a New Form of Political Identification?

So-and-so, such and such, him and him, there and there, then and then, her and her, that and that, until then and then! This style of expression seeks to describe and evoke something of significance, although it lacks an argument and makes no appeal to authority. It is a form of speech full of pronouns, demonstrative adjectives, and adverbs that reference no particular places, times, or persons because everything simulates everything else. It is the speech of Berlin's Love Parade, captured above by the poet Rainald Goetz in an article published a few days before the 1997 gathering, which ran under the slogan "Let the Sun Shine in Your Heart." Begun in 1988, when 150 people came together on a weekend in mid-July to dance techno on the streets of Berlin, within a decade the Love Parade had become an annual ritual, with the participants numbering up to one million,
Narratives for Recovery: Personal Stories in the ‘Big Book’ of Alcoholics Anonymous

Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) is a mainstay for recovery from alcoholism, yet critical aspects of this program remain only partially understood, including the element of storytelling. Using qualitative research methods derived from narrative analysis, we examined a set of personal stories from the “Big Book” of AA and proposed a normative, structural model for these accounts. The overall storyline followed classical literary conventions for tragedy and comedy. Prototypical stages included: (1) first or early drinking, (2) alcoholic regression, (3) hitting bottom, (4) progress in the AA program, and (5) stable sobriety, embedded in a subjective, evaluative function over time.
Sclerochoroidal Calcifications Imaged Using Enhanced Depth Imaging Optical Coherence Tomography

Purpose: To report a case of sclerochoroidal calcifications and describe the appearance of these lesions using optical coherence tomography with enhanced depth imaging (EDI-OCT) technology.Design: Case ReportMethods: An 85-year-old patient who presented with bilateral retinal lesions suspected to be metastases was evaluated with slit-lamp biomicroscopy, funduscopy, fluorescein angiography, B-scan ultrasonography (U/S), and EDI-OCT.Results: B-scan U/S demonstrated echo-dense consolidations in the choroid bilaterally with acoustic shadowing consistent with sclerochoroidal calcifications. EDI-OCT revealed hyper-reflective lesions with decreased reflectivity posterior to the lesion.Conclusions: Sclerochoroidal calcifications should be included in the differential of choroidal masses, given their unique appearance on EDI-OCT.
Benefits of Voltage Scheduling in Power Systems

This paper concerns itself with the utilization and the coordination of reactive sources and other voltage control equipment in system operations. The reactive sources specifically considered are: generators, synchronous condensers, switched static capacitors and shunt reactors, and transformers with and without load tap changing capabilities. The paper presents a methodology for determining the benefits that can be achieved in the proper scheduling of these sources in a power system. The benefits as shown are: savings in fuel production costs, unloading of the system equipment, improved system security, and improved voltages over the system. From a large system study conducted, it appears that these benefits can be obtained with only minor modifications in present scheduling procedures.
Interferometric study of a solid–solid phase transition

A Lebedeff-type double beam interference microscope has been used to measure the three principal refractive indices of the photoconductor p-diiodobenzene and to observe the behavior of each of these refractive indices as the crystal undergoes a polymorphic phase transition to a structure characterized by markedly lower charge carrier mobility. The refractive index data permit the calculation, for each principal vibration direction, of the change in polarizability accompanying the phase transition. These polarizability results suggest that the phase transition results in a decreased intermolecular orbital overlap which, in turn, narrows the p-type conduction band. This interpretation would account for the sharp drop in hole carrier mobility which accompanies the phase transition.
A note on the Breslow survival estimator

This note investigates the structure of the bias and mean squared error (MSE) for a common estimator of the survivor function, namely the Breslow [Breslow, N.E., 1972, Discussion of Professor Cox's paper. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series B, 34, 216–217.] survivor function estimator. Using Ito's change-of-variables formula, new formulas for the bias and MSE (hence variance) for this estimator are established. These formulas are subsequently used to investigate a conjecture of Fleming and Harrington [Fleming, T.R. and Harrington, D.P., 1984, Nonparametric estimation of the survival distribution in censored data. Communications in Statistics—Theory and Methods, 13, 2469–2486.]. In particular, we verify that the MSE of the Kaplan–Meier estimator [Kaplan, E.L. and Meier, P., 1958, Nonparametric estimation from incomplete observations. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 53, 457–481.] exceeds that of the Breslow estimator, whenever the true survival probability is bounded sufficient...
Heterospecific alarm call eavesdropping in nonvocal, white-bellied copper-striped skinks, Emoia cyanura

Many species benefit from listening to the vocalizations of their predators as well as the alarm vocalizations of other species. This eavesdropping is an important way to acquire information regarding predator location and threat magnitude. Previous studies have investigated lizards eavesdropping on predators, while others have studied lizards eavesdropping on alarm calls. Studies that examine lizard responses to playbacks of both predatory calls and heterospecific alarm calls are absent, even though eavesdropping may be especially important in nonvocal species. By comparing both types of calls, we can assess their relative importance to skinks and understand how skinks discriminate between these calls. We broadcast sympatric predator vocalizations and both alarm call and nonalarm social vocalizations from a nonpredatory bird (red-vented bulbul, Pycnonotus cafer) to determine whether nonvocal, white-bellied copper-striped skinks could discriminate among them. Upon hearing red-vented bulbul alarm calls, white-bellied copper-striped skinks reduced their rate of looking and increased their rate of bloating compared to a baseline period. However, they did not respond significantly to red-vented bulbul social calls or to vocalizations from potential predators. Our study is the first to look at the relative magnitude of response to playbacks of predator and heterospecific vocalizations in lizards. White-bellied copper-striped skinks most likely depend on heterospecific vocalizations for predator information because they are nonvocal and found low on the forest floor, making it harder for them to identify predators directly than through alarm calls of avian heterospecifics.
Deposition from charged aerosol flows through a two-dimensional bend

Abstract An analysis is presented on the deposition from a charged aerosol passing through a two-dimensional bend due to the simultaneous action of inertial and electrostatic forces. Collection efficiency is found for an idealized rotational flow. The results are compared qualitatively with available experimental data.
Growth response to photoperiodic stimulation in the lizard Dipsosaurus dorsalis

Abstract 1. 1. Juvenile Dipsosaurus dorsalis exposed to infrared heat lamps 24 hr per day from September (1961) through April (1962) grew considerably more rapidly (in length and weight) than lizards exposed to similar illumination 11 hr per day during the same period. 2. 2. Two additional groups of lizards exposed to similar conditions from May (1962) through October (1962) both grew at approximately the same rate. 3. 3. Growth during spring and summer for both groups was considerably slower than in lizards exposed to the same conditions in fall and winter. 4. 4. Lizards exposed to incandescent light 24 hr per day during spring and summer grew a great deal more rapidly than either group exposed to infrared heat lamps during the same period, which indicated light from incandescent bulbs is more growth stimulating in this species than light from infrared heat lamps. 5. 5. Light appears to be more important than heat in stimulating growth in juvenile D. dorsalis, since lizards that grew most rapidly (those exposed to incandescent light) possessed the lowest cloacal temperatures.
Evidence for two populations of masked gonadotropin-binding sites in the corpus luteum of the rhesus monkey (macaca mulatto)

To evaluate the possible existence of masked gonadotropin receptors in the corpus luteum, we characterized the effects of alcohols and neuraminidase on [l25I]iodohuman LH binding to in vitro preparations of luteal tissue from the rhesus monkey and pseudopregnant rat. The presence of 1–8% (vol/vol) ethanol enhanced specific LH binding to macaque luteal particulates under steady state conditions (25 C, 20-h incubation), with a maximal effect at 8% ethanol (166% of control uptake; P < 0.05). However, 1–8% ethanol had no effect on LH binding to rat luteal tissue. Higher concentrations of ethanol (20%) decreased LH binding relative to control values in both species. Ethanol modulation of LH binding to macaque luteal particulates and dispersed cells was a time- and temperature-dependent process. At 4 and 25 C, ethanol increased LH uptake at all times during a 32-h incubation. However, at 37 C, ethanol increased LH uptake at 30 min; binding peaked at 2 h and then returned to control levels within 20 h. The optim...
Diffusion of slightly soluble gases in liquids: Measurement and correlation with implications on liquid structures

Abstract The diffusivities of carbon dioxide, ethane and ethylene dissolved in methanol, isooctane, acetonitrile and cyclohexane are measured with the Taylor dispersion method over extended ranges of temperature. The results are used to develop a generalized correlation following dimensional analysis with the aid of a hard sphere theory of binary diffusion. The resultant correlation is shown not only to represent our experimental data to within ± 6% on the average, but also to yield information on the dynamic structures of associated liquids; the association numbers of highly polar acetonitrile and hydrogen-bonded methanol are found to be 1.58 and 2.31, respectively.
Equilibrium solubility and composition of mixed carbonitrides in microalloyed austenite

Abstract A thermodynamic framework is presented which treats the mixing of refractory metal carbides and nitrides, e.g. Ti, Nb and V which appear in microalloyed steels. The intermixing of metals solutes, carbon and nitrogen on a single precipitate crystal lattice is considered, using a quasi-regular solution model. Two extreme cases are considered; complete intermixing of all binary compounds to provide an upper limit for precipitate stability, and mutual immiscibility of binary compounds allowing only the simultaneous coprecipitation of carbides and nitrides. These extreme cases provide an upper and lower bound for carbonitride solubility. Specific examples are used to illustrate precipitation from austenite of a ternary carbonitride, NbC y N 1− y , the quaternary mixed carbonitrides Ti x Nb 1− x C y N 1− y , Ti x V 1− x C y N 1− y and V x Nb 1− x C y N 1− y and the quinery nitride, Ti x Ta y Nb z V 1− x − y − z N. The determination of solution parameters allow the computation of the multi-component phase diagram Fe - Σ i Mi Σ j X j . Finally, the time-temperature constraints or processing are briefly addressed by allowing limited precipitate intermixing, whilst maintaining equilibrium between solutes in austenite.
Utility of electrocardiogram in the assessment and monitoring of pulmonary hypertension (idiopathic or secondary to pulmonary developmental abnormalities) in patients≤18 years of age.

Electrocardiograms have utility in disease stratification and monitoring in adult pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). We examined the electrocardiographic findings that are common in pediatric PAH and assessed for correlation with disease severity and progression. We retrospectively identified patients aged ≤18 years followed at a single institution from January 2001 to June 2012 with catheterization-confirmed diagnosis of idiopathic PAH and PAH secondary to pulmonary developmental abnormalities. Patients with an electrocardiography performed within 60 days of catheterization were included. Primary and secondary outcomes are the prevalence of abnormal electrocardiographic findings at the time of catheterization and the association between electrocardiographic and hemodynamic findings and electrocardiographic changes with disease progression on follow-up catheterization, respectively. Of the 100 electrocardiography-catheterization pairs derived from the 46 patients identified, 93% had an electrocardiographic abnormality: 78% had right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH) and 52% had right axis deviation (RAD) for age. In patients with idiopathic PAH, the presence of RVH and RAD correlated with pulmonary vascular resistance and transpulmonary gradient. RAD and RVH on baseline electrocardiogram was associated with an increased risk of disease progression on subsequent catheterization (odds ratio 11.0, 95% confidence interval 1.3 to 96.2, p = 0.03) after adjusting for PAH subgroup. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of RAD and RVH on baseline electrocardiogram for disease progression were 92%, 48%, 33%, and 95%, respectively. In conclusion, electrocardiographic abnormalities are common in pediatric PAH. RAD and RVH on electrocardiogram were associated with worse hemodynamics, whereas their absence is suggestive of a lack of disease progression.
A Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Organizational Behavior Modification on Task Performance, 1975–95

Results of a primary meta-analysis indicated a significant main effect of the organizational behavior modification (O.B. Mod.) approach on task performance (d. = .51; a 17 percent increase) and a s...
Inverse planning of energy-modulated electron beams in radiotherapy

The use of megavoltage electron beams often poses a clinical challenge in that the planning target volume (PTV) is anterior to other radiosensitive structures and has variable depth. To ensure that skin as well as the deepest extent of the PTV receives the prescribed dose entails prescribing to a point beyond the depth of peak dose for a single electron energy. This causes dose inhomogeneities and heightened potential for tissue fibrosis, scarring, and possible soft tissue necrosis. Use of bolus on the skin improves the entrant dose at the cost of decreasing the therapeutic depth that can be treated. Selection of a higher energy to improve dose homogeneity results in increased dose to structures beyond the PTV, as well as enlargement of the volume receiving heightened dose. Measured electron data from a linear accelerator was used as input to create an inverse planning tool employing energy and intensity modulation using bolus (e-IMRT). Using tools readily available in a radiotherapy department, the applications of energy and intensity modulation on the central axis makes it possible to remove hot spots of 115% or more over the depths clinically encountered. The e-IMRT algorithm enables the development of patient-specific dose distributions with user-defined positions of peak dose, range, and reduced dose to points beyond the prescription point.
Noninvasive detection of multivessel disease after myocardial infarction by exercise radionuclide ventriculography

Abstract The ability of exercise radionuclide ventriculography to detect multivessel coronary artery disease in patients who survived a single myocardial infarction was assessed. Seventy-four patients who had had myocardial infarction at least 8 weeks earlier underwent cardiac catheterization and exercise radionuclide ventriculography. Thirty-eight patients had had an inferior infarction: 25 with multivessel disease and 13 with single vessel disease of the right coronary artery. Thirty-six patients had had an anterior infarction: 26 with multivessel disease and 10 with single vessel disease of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Among patients with anterior infarction there was no significant difference between patients with single vessel disease and patients with multivessel disease with regard to resting ejection fraction, exercise ejection fraction, and the mean change from rest to exercise. Patients with single vessel disease had a decrease in ejection fraction from rest to exercise of 2.2 ± 2.7% units (mean) ± standard error [SE]), compared with a decrease of 5.4 ±1.3% units in those with multivessel disease (p = not significant [NS]). Seventeen of 26 (65%) patients with multivessel disease and 6 of 10 (60%) with single vessel disease had a decrease in ejection fraction of at least 5 percentage units (p = NS). In patients with inferior infarction there was no difference in the mean resting ejection fraction in those with single vessel disease (53 ± 2%) compared with those with multivessel disease (50 ±2%); however, the mean exercise ejection fraction in patients with single vessel disease (57 ± 3%) was significantly higher (p p A new wall motion abnormality developed in 8 patients with anterior infarction and 11 with inferior infarction with multivessel disease and none with single vessel disease. The sensitivity and specificity in predicting multivessel disease using the criteria of the development of a new wall motion abnormality or a decrease in ejection fraction with exercise of at least 5 percentage units were 80 and 92% for the patients with inferior infarction, but only 69 and 40% for the patients with anterior infarction. These results suggest that exercise radionuclide angiography can be used to discriminate between single and multivessel disease after inferior myocardial infarction. For patients with anterior infarction, only a new abnormality in wall motion accurately predicts multivessel disease, but this occurred in only one third of such patients.
Optimizing communication and cooling costs in HPC data centers via intelligent job allocation

Nearly half of the energy in the computing clusters today is consumed by the cooling infrastructure. It is possible to reduce the cooling cost by allowing the data center temperatures to rise; however, component reliability constraints impose thermal thresholds as failure rates are exponentially dependent on the processor temperatures. Existing thermally-aware job allocation policies optimize the cooling costs by minimizing the peak inlet temperatures of the server nodes. An important constraint in high performance computing (HPC) data centers, however, is performance. Specifically, HPC data centers run multi-threaded applications with significant communication among the threads. Thus, performance of such applications is strongly affected by the job allocation decisions. This paper proposes a novel job allocation methodology to jointly minimize communication cost of an HPC application while also reducing the cooling energy. The proposed method also considers temperature-dependent hardware reliability as part of the optimization.
PCB-Based Prototyping of 3-D Micromachined RF Subsystems

A stacked printed circuit board (PCB) approach for prototyping 3-D microfabrication enabled millimeter and submillimeter wave components and subsystems is proposed. To demonstrate this approach, a 4 to 8 GHz two element tapered slot antenna array with integrated rectangular coaxial 90 ° hybrid, and its stand-alone elements, are designed and fabricated. Measured subsystem results show properly formed radiation patterns, realized gain from 9 to 11 dBi, and 3-dB beamwidth from 30 ° to 45 °. Excellent agreement between simulations and measurements of individual components and the full subsystem as well as outcomes of a tolerance study and comparison to a Ka band micromachined subsystem confirm suitability of the proposed approach for fast, low-cost prototyping of 3-D micromachined rectangular coaxial components and subsystems.
Atmospheric Blocking and Atlantic Multidecadal Ocean Variability

Atmospheric blocking over the northern North Atlantic, which involves isolation of large regions of air from the westerly circulation for 5 days or more, influences fundamentally the ocean circulation and upper ocean properties by affecting wind patterns. Winters with clusters of more frequent blocking between Greenland and western Europe correspond to a warmer, more saline subpolar ocean. The correspondence between blocked westerly winds and warm ocean holds in recent decadal episodes (especially 1996 to 2010). It also describes much longer time scale Atlantic multidecadal ocean variability (AMV), including the extreme pre–greenhouse-gas northern warming of the 1930s to 1960s. The space-time structure of the wind forcing associated with a blocked regime leads to weaker ocean gyres and weaker heat exchange, both of which contribute to the warm phase of AMV.
Numerical analysis of a magnetic nanoparticle-enhanced microfluidic surface-based bioassay

An innovative magnetic nanoparticle (MNP)-based strategy for enhancing the dynamics and kinetics of surface-based antigen–antibody binding in a microfluidic platform is presented in this study. Finite element technique was employed for quantifying the effect of convection, diffusion, reaction and magnetic field on the detection performance of surface-based bio-assay. It was identified that diffusion is rate limiting when compared with reaction and convection. In order to reduce the detection time, increasing diffusion transport or in general bringing more target antigen towards the surface-bound antibody will be most effective. A novel and simple strategy based on tagging the antigen with MNPs was demonstrated using the numerical model. It was found that local concentration of antigen–MNP complex in the vicinity of sensing surface was increased when magnetic field was used. Different configurations of magnetic field around the microchannel for focusing target antigen towards the sensing surface were simulated and the most optimized configuration was identified. Furthermore, it was quantitatively demonstrated that MNP enhanced the surface-binding kinetics and reduced the detection time of target antigen by almost 42%. Moreover, when compared with physical means of reducing diffusion barrier, MNP-based detection was 35% more efficient. Overall, MNPs enhanced the mass transport of target antigen towards sensing surface which resulted in considerable reduction in detection time. The simulations performed using the developed model will not only help to investigate a wide range of design parameters but also provide generic strategy that can be exploited at the concept stage for designing, optimizing and developing efficient and fast small-scale surface-based bioassays.
Making Sense of Self-Esteem

Sociometer theory proposes that the self-esteem system evolved as a monitor of social acceptance, and that the so-called self-esteem motive functions not to maintain self-esteem per se but rather to avoid social devaluation and rejection. Cues indicating that the individual is not adequately valued and accepted by other people lower self-esteem and motivate behaviors that enhance relational evaluation. Empirical evidence regarding the self-esteem motive, the antecedents of self-esteem, the relation between low self-esteem and psychological problems, and the consequences of enhancing self-esteem is consistent with the theory.
Computer-based interactive video systems

Computer-controlled interactive video instruction provides an instructional technique that overcomes many of the shortcomings of using the computer alone as an instructional device. Students who have used interactive video modules have been shown to better retain the material presented and to enjoy the course more than students not using the video modules.
Experimental investigations of trace element fractionation in iron meteorites. III - Elemental partitioning in the system Fe-Ni-S-P

Measurements of solid metal/liquid metal trace element partition coefficients, which are used to interpret the crystallization history of magmatic iron meteorite groups differ greatly between different research groups, using different experimental techniques. Specifically, partition coefficients measured utilizing 'static' experiments which approach equilibrium cannot be reconciled with the results of 'dynamic' experiments which mimic fractional crystallization. We report new tests of our 'static' experimental technique and demonstrate that our methodology yields reliable equilibrium values for Ni, P and Ge partition coefficients. Partition coefficients in the Fe-Ni-S-P system are well matched by interpolation between the Fe-Ni-S and Fe-Ni-P subsystems. In contrast, the predictions of 'dynamic' experiments do not agree with our measurements and, consequently, the ability of 'dynamic' experiments to reproduce iron meteorite Ge vs. Ni fractionation trends successfully must be regarded as fortuitous.
Executive working memory load induces inattentional blindness

When attention is engaged in a task, unexpected events in the visual scene may go undetected, a phenomenon known as inattentional blindness (IB). At what stage of information processing must attention be engaged for IB to occur? Although manipulations that tax visuospatial attention can induce IB, the evidence is more equivocal for tasks that engage attention at late, central stages of information processing. Here, we tested whether IB can be specifically induced by central executive processes. An unexpected visual stimulus was presented during the retention interval of a working memory task that involved either simply maintaining verbal material or rearranging the material into alphabetical order. The unexpected stimulus was more likely to be missed during manipulation than during simple maintenance of the verbal information. Thus, the engagement of executive processes impairs the ability to detect unexpected, task-irrelevant stimuli, suggesting that IB can result from central, amodal stages of processing.