cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
LOMAMYIA LATIPENNIS (NEUROPTERA: BEROTHIDAE) LIFE HISTORY AND LARVAL DESCRIPTIONS

This study includes the first published record of a berothid life history and the first description of a second instar larva. The incubation period was 7 days (N = 21), and the median durations of the first and third stages were 12.5 days (N = 8) and 20.8 days (N = 5). The length of the second stadium was 3 days (N = 5). One adult emerged, after being within the cocoon for 20 days (all temperatures, 75±3°F).Eggs were laid in a stalked cluster in which there were fewer stalks than eggs. The first and third instars, which have piercing–sucking type mouthparts, were carnivorous and fed on the termite Zootermopsis angusticollis. Both of these stages were very mobile. On the other hand, the second instar, apparently a non-feeding stage, hung downward by the abdominal tip. It was not active except when disturbed, whereupon the body snapped into a straight position and then back again into the original C-shaped attitude. The cocoon was oval and transparent.Viability decreased with successive instars and it is possible that the prey offered to the immatures was an inappropriate termite species and therefore a suboptimum food source. It is also likely that unfavorable physical conditions contributed to the high mortality of the immatures.Both the second and third instar larvae are described, and the third instar is compared with a previously described third instar larva of an undetermined species within the same genus.
Pathways of intracellular communication: tetrapyrroles and plastid-to-nucleus signaling.

Retrograde plastid-to-nucleus signaling plays a central role in coordinating nuclear and plastid gene expression. The gun (genomes uncoupled) mutants of Arabidopsis have been used to demonstrate that Mg-protoporphyrin (Mg-Proto) acts as a plastid signal to repress the transcription of nuclear photosynthesis genes.1 It is unclear how Mg-Proto triggers repression, but several components of this pathway have been recently identified. These include the products of GUN4 and GUN5. GUN5 is the ChlH subunit of Mg-chelatase, which produces Mg-Proto, and GUN4 is a regulator of ChlH activity.2 GUN4 might also play a role in photoprotection and in the trafficking of Mg-Proto. BioEssays 25:631–636, 2003. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cohomological Hall algebras, semicanonical bases and Donaldson-Thomas invariants for 2-dimensional Calabi-Yau categories (with an appendix by Ben Davison)

We discuss semicanonical bases from the point of view of Cohomological Hall algebras via the “dimensional reduction” from 3-dimensional Calabi–Yau categories to 2-dimensional ones. Also, we discuss the notion of motivic Donaldson–Thomas invariants (as defined by M. Kontsevich and Y. Soibelman) in the framework of 2-dimensional Calabi–Yau categories. In particular we propose a conjecture which allows one to define Kac polynomials for a 2-dimensional Calabi–Yau category (this is a theorem of S. Mozgovoy in the case of preprojective algebras).
Bacteriology of postpartum oviducts and endometrium

Bacteriologic cultures of segments of oviduct were obtained at the time of postpartum tubal ligation. Except for one instance of suspected exogenous contamination, all oviducts were sterile. Transfundal aspirates from the endometrial cavity were obtained at laparotomy. These aspirates, with only one exception, were also sterile. The tubes and endometrial cavity normally remain sterile following parturition. Postpartum tubal ligation may be performed at any time in the puerperium without an increased risk of postoperative infection occurring from endogenous bacterial, mycotic, mycoplasma, or L-form microbial flora.
On Contextual Binding and Its Application in Cyber Deception Detection

Contexts are the most important components in discovering underlying relationship among various entities and events, disambiguating meanings to make relevant interpretations stand out and make environments understandable, and eventually assisting the selection of optimal solutions in decision making. There are various approaches in context analysis. However, the structural relationship in contextual interpretation is not well explored. This paper intends to explore this unique relationship. It proposes the Contextual Binding Conditions and other relevant conditions. It also proposes a novel approach in its application, such as detecting deception in the cyber domain utilizing contextual binding.
Modeling a Conventional Electroporation Pulse Train: Decreased Pore Number, Cumulative Calcium Transport and an Example of Electrosensitization

Pulse trains are widely used in electroporation (EP) for both general biomedical research and clinical applications such as nonthermal tumor ablation. Here we use a computational method based on a meshed transport network to investigate a cell system model's response to a train of identical, evenly spaced electric field pulses. We obtain an unexpected result: the number of membrane pores decreases during the application of twenty 1.0 kV/cm, 100 $\mu$ s pulses, delivered at 1 Hz. This pulse train initially creates 13,000 membrane pores, but pore number decreases by a factor of 15 to about 830 pores throughout subsequent pulses. We conclude that pore number can greatly diminish during a train of identical pulses, with direct consequences for the transport of solutes across an electroporated membrane. Although application of additional pulses is generally intended to increase the effects of EP, we show that these pulses do not significantly enhance calcium delivery into the cell. Instead, calcium delivery can be significantly increased by varying inter-pulse intervals. We show that inserting a 300-s interruption midway in a widely used eight-pulse train (a protocol for electrosensitization) yields a $\sim$ twofold delivery increase. Overall, our modeling shows support for electrosensitization, in which multiple pulse protocols that maximize pore number over time can yield significant increase of transport of calcium compared to standard pulse trains.
Huygens-Fresnel wave-optics simulation of atmospheric optical turbulence and reflective speckle in CO2 differential absorption lidar (DIAL)

The measurement sensitivity of CO2 differential absorption LIDAR (DIAL) can be affected by a number of different processes. Two of these processes are atmospheric optical turbulence and reflective speckle. Atmospheric optical turbulence affects the beam distribution of energy and phase on target. The effects of this phenomenon include beam spreading, beam wander and scintillation which can result in increased shot-to-shot signal noise. In addition, reflective speckle alone has been shown to have a major impact on the sensitivity of CO2 DIAL. We have previously developed a Huygens-Fresnel wave optics propagation code to separately simulate the effects of these two processes. However, in real DIAL systems it is a combination of these phenomena, the interaction of atmospheric optical turbulence and reflective speckle, that influences the results. In this work, we briefly review a description of our model including the limitations along with a brief summary of previous simulations of individual effects. The performance of our modified code with respect to experimental measurements affected by atmospheric optical turbulence and reflective speckle is examined. The results of computer simulations are directly compared with lidar measurements and show good agreement. In addition, simulation studies have been performed to demonstrate the utility and limitations of our model. Examples presented include assessing the effects for different array sizes on model limitations and effects of varying propagation step sizes on intensity enhancements and intensity probability distributions in the receiver plane.© (1999) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
The People and the Wayang by Franz Magnis Suseno: Translation and Introduction

This article comprises a translation of the Indonesian original of Franz Magnis Suseno's discussion of the philosophical significance of the Javanese wayang theater and an introduction to the author and the Javanese art form itself. Magnis Suseno is a well-known philosopher and public figure in his adopted homeland Indonesia, and this piece is an example of his commitment to making use of Javanese traditions to frame a particular Javanese kind of humanism which affirms the rootedness of Javanese society in the structure of the cosmos while also critiquing the abuse of this structure in some forms of hierarchy.
Analytic Modeling of 3-D Structure of Biologic Cells Using a Gaussian Random Sphere Method

The 3-D structure of biologic a cell is modeled using Gaussian random sphere method with the shape statistical parameters extracted from processed z-stack confocal microscopic images of the cell in form of fitted ellipsoid.
Design of the LIFE Power Plant: Laser Inertial Fusion Energy

The Laser Inertial Fusion Energy approach to generating gigawatt levels of electrical power will be discussed. Integrated requirements and design solutions for the laser source (384 beams, each delivering 5.7kJ at 351nm, 15 Hz) will be presented. Article not available.
Verification of a Compressible CFD Code Using the Method of Manufactured Solutions

The computational fluid dynamics code Premo is currently being developed to solve compressible flow problems with a finite-volume approach using unstructured meshes. This code employs both the Green-Gauss and the Least Squares gradient approximations in order to achieve a spatial accuracy that is formally second order for both convection and diffusion. In this paper, the Method of Manufactured Solutions is employed to generate exact solutions to the governing equations along with additional source terms. The exact solutions are then used to accurately evaluate the discretization error in the numerical solutions. The Manufactured Solutions approach is applied to the 2D inviscid Euler equations (both subsonic and supersonic), the 3D Euler equations (supersonic), and the 2D Navier-Stokes equations (both subsonic and supersonic). Through global discretization error analyses, the spatial order of accuracy is observed to be second order for all but one of the ten cases examined. With regards to the other nine cases, a high degree of confidence is achieved that the Premo code is free from coding mistakes in the spatial discretization for uniform meshes. 1  † Senior Member of Technical Staff, MS 0825, E-mail: cjroy@sandia.gov, Senior Member AIAA ‡ Senior Member of Technical Staff, MS 0316, E-mail: tmsmith@sandia.gov, Member AIAA § Principal Member of Technical Staff, MS 0316, E-mail: ccober@sandia.gov, Member AIAA * Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC0494AL85000. This paper is declared a work of the U. S. Government and is not subject to copyright protection in the United States. Nomenclature e energy, m2/s2 f source term fs sine or cosine function h measure of grid spacing k thermal conductivity,W/(m·K) L domain length, m p spatial order of accuracy, or pressure, N/m2 Pr Prandtl number (Pr = 1.0) q heat flux vector, N/(m·s) R specific gas constant (R = 287. Nm/(kg·K)) r grid refinement factor position vector, m t time, s T temperature, K u, v, w Cartesian velocity components, m/s x, y, z Cartesian spatial coordinates, m γ ratio of specific heats (γ = 1.4) μ absolute viscosity, N·s/m2 ρ density, kg/m3 τ shear stress tensor, N/m2 φ general solution variable Subscripts exact exact value k mesh level (k = 1, 2, 3, etc., fine to coarse) m mass equation n flowfield node index x, y, z x-, y-, or z-momentum equation e energy equation
Effect of Suspended Particle Shapes on Shear Thickening Fluid Behavior

Shear thickening fluids (STFs) consist of a particulate dispersed phase suspended in a continuous liquid phase, and they exhibit a dramatic increase in viscosity at shear rates above a critical value. This phenomenon can be influenced by several factors including the particulate and liquid phase mass fractions, the chemical makeup and architecture of the constituents, interactions between the liquid and particulate phases, and the dispersed particle morphology. This study investigated the effect of particle shapes and sizes on shear thickening behavior. The particles of interest were hydrophilic fumed silica, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), and oxidized graphene nanoplatelets (GONPs). The continuous liquid phase was polyethylene glycol with a molecular weight of 200 g/mol. All STFs had 0.15 mass fraction (MF) of fumed silica and an additional MF of one of the other carbon-based dispersed phases. Steady shear rheological tests were performed on the other STFs at 10 °C, 20 °C, and 30 °C. Varying shear thinning and shear thickening responses were observed as a function of shear rate. These phenomena were discussed in terms of how different particle-related factors impact these fluids’ behaviors.
BEHAVIOR OF C14-LABELED PARTICULATE PLASMA TRIGLYCERIDE AND "RE TEST EMULSION" IN RE HYPERFUNCTIONAL RATS.

SummaryThe behavior of a radioactive triglyceride-plasma complex prepared in vitro was compared to that of an “RE test emulsion” in normal and RE hyperfunctional rats. The removal rate and organ distribution of the particulate fat tracer was not influenced by RE hyperfunction. However, the corresponding dose of the “RE test emulsion” was removed more rapidly from plasma in RE hyperfunctional rats. Thus the particulate fat tracer does not appear to be removed by a phagocytic process and therefore behaves more like native lipid particles than foreign emulsified material.The capable technical assistance of Mrs. Betty Lyons and Miss Jackie Dempsey is gratefully acknowledged.
Black Offenders, Criminal Courts, and Philadelphia Society in the Late Eighteenth-Century

To describe fully, accurately, and with suitable sensitivity the black experience in American history has been a persistent challenge to historians. Because histori? cally blacks have been uneducated, inarticulate, and denied access to arenas of influence and power in American society, meeting the challenge has not been easy. Important advancements in our understanding of black history, when they have come, have resulted from the use by historians of imaginative approaches to offer new materials and perspectives.1 For early American history at least, legal history has not made contributions commensurate with its potential for clarify ing the relationship (and changes in the relationship) between black and white Americans, or for shedding light on social tensions associated with that relation? ship. Treatments of crime and its judicial resolution are particularly well suited to illuminate a society's distribution of power, and changes occurring in its values, assumptions, and priorities over time.2 An examination of crimes attributed to blacks, and their resolution in early Philadelphia, serves as a case in point. Such a study illuminates the nature of personal relations among blacks, and, on different levels of society, between blacks and whites. It also casts light on opportunities or lack of opportunities available to Philadelphia's black population. In addition, it demonstrates that theft lay at the heart ofthe eighteenth-century black criminal experience theft born of need rather than calculated revenge against Philadelphia's propertied classes. The dramatic rise in prosecutions against blacks for property offenses in the mid-l?90s, and the concomitant rise in the conviction rate in such prosecu? tions, reflected not so much a growing racism and discrimination against blacks as an increase in thefts, and a more intense concern on the part of authorities with property and its protection. The mounting prosecution level against blacks for theft was paralleled by a similar increase against white thieves. At this point, Philadelphia's "black experience" began to meld with the broader "American" preoccupation with safeguarding property and property rights. Such a study also reveals, however, that those who sought to guarantee black defendants equality and justice before the law failed. By almost every measure? ment available to students of criminal justice, blacks fared more poorly in Pennsylvania courts than did whites. Even so, reformers in Philadelphia, in conjunction with court personnel, achieved a legal system sensitive to black rights, and certainly more fair and just in its practices than society outside the courts.
Targeting AMP Kinase in Myeloid Cells to Reduce Atherosclerosis.

Subjects with diabetes have a 1.8 times greater risk of having a heart attack than subjects without diabetes. Although cardiovascular mortality has decreased by 30.8% in the last decade, it is still responsible for 1 in 3 deaths in the U.S. (1). In spite of targeting the common risk factors, there is still a residual burden for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) (2). As inflammatory processes are involved in every stage of atherosclerosis, targeting inflammation has become an attractive strategy for further reducing the incidence of ASCVD (3). AMP activated kinase (AMPK) is an enzyme that increases cellular ATP generation and diminishes ATP use for less critical processes (4). It regulates the transport of glucose, the synthesis of lipids and proteins, and the rate of fuel metabolism. It is also involved in regulating inflammation and oxidative and ER stress (5). AMPK may thus provide the link between nutrient, metabolic, and inflammatory stimuli. Dysregulation of AMPK may therefore play a role in the pathogenesis of diabetes, hypertension, and ASCVD. On the basis of the information cited above, activation of AMPK could prevent or treat these conditions. Although there is evidence that AMPK activation is atheroprotective, the specific mechanism responsible for this effect is unclear (6). To explore the hypothesis that the atheroprotective effect of AMPK is …
An unusual antibody that blocks tissue factor/factor VIIa function by inhibiting cleavage only of macromolecular substrates.

Tissue factor (TF), the cell surface receptor and cofactor for factor VIIa (FVIIa), is considered the major physiologic trigger of the coagulation cascade. Most monoclonal antibodies to TF have been reported to inhibit TF activity by blocking association of FVII(a) with TF. Using solution-phase kinetic analyses, we have reexamined two strongly inhibitory anti-TF monoclonal antibodies (TF8–11D12 and TF9–9C3) previously reported to block FVII binding in cell-binding assays. Kinetic analysis of TF9–9C3 was consistent with direct competition with FVIIa for binding to TF. However, antibody TF8–11D12 did not block FVIIa binding to TF as measured by ability of the TF:FVIIa complex to cleave a small peptide substrate or by enhanced reactivity of FVIIa with a tripeptidyl-chloromethylketone. Interestingly, TF8–11D12 strongly inhibited cleavage of all three known macromolecular substrates (factors VII, IX, and X) of the TF:FVIIa complex. We hypothesize that TF8–11D12 blocks access of macromolecular substrates to the active site of FVIIa by steric hindrance. This study identifies a useful probe for TF function and provides insights into the inhibitory mechanism of an unusual class of antibody proposed for therapeutic intervention in thrombotic disease.
HPCmatlab: A Framework for Fast Prototyping of Parallel Applications in Matlab

Abstract The HPCmatlab framework has been developed for Distributed Memory Programming in Matlab/Octave using the Message Passing Interface (MPI). The communication routines in the MPI library are implemented using MEX wrappers. Point-to-point, collective as well as one-sided communication is supported. Benchmarking results show better performance than the Mathworks Distributed Computing Server. HPCmatlab has been used to successfully parallelize and speed up Matlab applications developed for scientific computing. The application results show good scalability, while preserving the ease of programmability. HPCmatlab also enables shared memory programming using Pthreads and Parallel I/O using the ADIOS package.
Acute Ischemic Stroke During Deep Brain Stimulation Surgery of Globus Pallidus Internus: Report of 5 Cases.

Background Cerebrovascular accident (CVA) is a potentially devastating complication of deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery. Although there are substantial data reporting the incidence and cause of hemorrhagic CVA, reports of acute ischemic infarctions during DBS implantation surgery are rare. Objective To present a series of 5 patients who experienced clinically significant ischemic CVA during microelectrode-guided globus pallidus internus (GPi) DBS, and evaluate the potential risk factors and mechanisms. Methods A retrospective analysis of GPi DBS surgeries performed between June 2010 and February 2015 at UCLA Medical Center and June 2010 and February 2014 at Cedars-Sinai Medical Centers was performed to identify stroke risk factors. Statistical analysis was performed, comparing the stroke group with all patients undergoing GPi DBS. Results All 5 patients developed acute onset of lethargy, dysarthria, and contralateral facial and/or hemibody weakness intraoperatively. Computed tomographic scans in all cases were negative for hemorrhage. Magnetic resonance images obtained in 3 patients revealed infarction in the posterior limb of the internal capsule. During the time period analyzed, a total of 234 GPi leads were placed in 129 patients, yielding a 2.14% rate of ischemic stroke per lead. No statistically significant risk factors were identified in the stroke group. Given the variability of symptom onset during surgery, the mechanism is not clear, but it could be related to compression, compromise, or vasospasm of lenticulostriate arteries and/or anterior choroidal branches near the GPi target. Conclusion Ischemic stroke in GPi DBS is a significant complication for clinicians to be aware of and discuss with their patients preoperatively.
On tightness of an entropic region outer bound for network coding and the edge removal property

In this work, we study the Yeung network coding entropic function outer bound and prove an equivalence relationship between its tightness and the edge removal problem. In addition, we derive an implicit characterization of the 0-error capacity region using restricted sets of entropic vectors.
The Pari Passu Clause in Sovereign Bond Contracts: Evolution or Intelligent Design?

In 1893, Robert Wiedersheim published a book on human anatomy that claimed to identify eighty-six human organs that had been rendered functionless by the process of evolution. A century of subsequent research has confirmed Wiedersheim’s findings for some organs and has overturned others. It is now widely agreed that some parts of the body, such as the coccyx (the tailbone), are functionless but relatively harmless. Others, like third molars (wisdom teeth), no longer serve a useful purpose and in some cases have become harmful and need to be surgically removed. Still others have turned out to play important roles in the body, such as the thymus gland, which helps to regulate the immune system. Much of the recent debate surrounding the pari passu clause in sovereign bonds has concluded that it is at best a coccyx and essentially meaningless, and at worst, a set of wisdom teeth that introduces unnecessary litigation risk and needs to be surgically removed from
How to Fall in Love With Time-Limited Therapy: Lessons From Poetry and Music

ABSTRACTWith rising student demand, time-limited therapy is becoming the rule rather than the exception at college counseling centers today. While many have viewed this shift as an unwelcome intrusion, this article will examine how to embrace and capitalize on this new, compressed form. Rather than seeing it as a constraint, it will be argued that it provides an opportunity to be more poetic and musical about our work, allowing us to take more therapeutic risks, establish greater momentum, and increase the number and variety of transformative moments in our sessions. Emphasis will be placed on the lessons that poetry and music can teach with respects to deepening and enhancing relational psychotherapy with our students.
Interaction of marijuana and alcohol on fatal motor vehicle crash risk: a case–control study

Concurrent use of marijuana and alcohol in drivers is of increasing concern but its role in crash causation has not been well understood. Using a case–control design, we assessed the individual and joint effects of marijuana and alcohol use on fatal crash risk. Cases (n = 1944) were drivers fatally injured in motor vehicle crashes in the United States at specific times in 2006, 2007 and 2008. Controls (n = 7719) were drivers who participated in the 2007 National Roadside Survey of Alcohol and Drug Use by Drivers. Overall, cases were significantly more likely than controls to test positive for marijuana (12.2% vs. 5.9%, p < 0.0001), alcohol (57.8% vs. 7.7%, p < 0.0001) and both marijuana and alcohol (8.9% vs. 0.8%, p < 0.0001). Compared to drivers testing negative for alcohol and marijuana, the adjusted odds ratios of fatal crash involvement were 16.33 [95% confidence interval (CI): 14.23, 18.75] for those testing positive for alcohol and negative for marijuana, 1.54 (95% CI: 1.16, 2.03) for those testing positive for marijuana and negative for alcohol, and 25.09 (95% CI: 17.97, 35.03) for those testing positive for both alcohol and marijuana. Alcohol use and marijuana use are each associated with significantly increased risks of fatal crash involvement. When alcohol and marijuana are used together, there exists a positive synergistic effect on fatal crash risk on the additive scale.
Symptomatic thinking: the current state of Phase III and IV clinical trials for cognition in schizophrenia

Research indicates that relieving the cognitive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia is crucial for improving patient quality of life. However effective pharmacotherapies for cognitive and negative symptoms do not currently exist. A review of ongoing Phase III clinical trials indicates that, despite numerous compounds being investigated for cognition in schizophrenia, few are actually novel and most are not backed by empirically driven preclinical research efforts. Based on these trials, and a general disinvestment in development of novel therapies for schizophrenia, the likelihood of a major advancement in treating cognitive differences in schizophrenia does not look promising. Possible ways in which the remaining resources for development of novel treatment for schizophrenia can best be leveraged are discussed.
Factors Shaping the Human Exposome in the Built Environment: Opportunities for Engineering Control

The “exposome” is a term describing the summation of one’s lifetime exposure to microbes and chemicals. Such exposures are now recognized as major drivers of human health and disease. Because humans spend ∼90% of their time indoors, the built environment exposome merits particular attention. Herein we utilize an engineering perspective to advance understanding of the factors that shape the built environment exposome and its influence on human wellness and disease, while simultaneously informing development of a framework for intentionally controlling the exposome to protect public health. Historically, engineers have been focused on controlling chemical and physical contaminants and on eradicating microbes; however, there is a growing awareness of the role of “beneficial” microbes. Here we consider the potential to selectively control the materials and chemistry of the built environment to positively influence the microbial and chemical components of the indoor exposome. Finally, we discuss research gaps ...
The adaptational behavior of chicks in a spinning environment

The effects of spin, one of the relevant stimuli inherent in animal centrifuge studies, were investigated on an ontogenetic basis. Since the interest was primarily in the spin, increased gravity was kept to less than 0.1 G above normal. Fifteen Gullus gullus chicks were randomly assigned to each of two identical brooders. One brooder was then spun at 33.3 rpm for 20 days. On day 17 two chicks from each brooder were removed, marked, and switched. Spinning chicks belatedly showed the same behavior patterns as the stationary controls. The whirling environment appeared to function as a three stage stimulus for each maturational process as it appeared: noxious, novel, and negligible. There was no mortality.
A quantization-aware regularized learning method in multilevel memristor-based neuromorphic computing system

In this work, we propose a regularized learning method that is able to take into account the deviation of the memristor-mapped synaptic weights from the target values determined during the training process. Experimental results obtained when utilizing the MNIST data set show that compared to the conventional learning method which considers the learning and mapping processes separately, our learning method can substantially improve the computation accuracy of the mapped two-layer multilayer perceptron (and LeNet-5) on multi-level memristor crossbars by 4.30% (11.05%) for binary representation, and by 0.40% (8.06%) for three-level representation.
Quantifying X-Ray Fluorescence Data Using MAPS

The quantification of X-ray fluorescence (XRF) microscopy maps by fitting the raw spectra to a known standard is crucial for evaluating chemical composition and elemental distribution within a material. Synchrotron-based XRF has become an integral characterization technique for a variety of research topics, particularly due to its non-destructive nature and its high sensitivity. Today, synchrotrons can acquire fluorescence data at spatial resolutions well below a micron, allowing for the evaluation of compositional variations at the nanoscale. Through proper quantification, it is then possible to obtain an in-depth, high-resolution understanding of elemental segregation, stoichiometric relationships, and clustering behavior. This article explains how to use the MAPS fitting software developed by Argonne National Laboratory for the quantification of full 2-D XRF maps. We use as an example results from a Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cell, taken at the Advanced Photon Source beamline 2-ID-D at Argonne National Laboratory. We show the standard procedure for fitting raw data, demonstrate how to evaluate the quality of a fit and present the typical outputs generated by the program. In addition, we discuss in this manuscript certain software limitations and offer suggestions for how to further correct the data to be numerically accurate and representative of spatially resolved, elemental concentrations.
Blastic Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Neoplasm Following Acquired Erythropoietic Protoporphyria

A 56-year-old Texas rancher with a prior diagnosis of acquired erythropoietic protoporphyria secondary to an underlying myelodysplastic disorder developed an uncommon tumor, blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN). During his initial disease, analysis revealed a TET2 mutation, which is the most common mutation associated with BPDCN. This article discusses this unusual hematopoietic neoplasm, the possible evolution from erythropoietic protoporphyria, and the underlying myelodysplastic process.
A Meta-Analysis of Gender Differences in Subjective Well-Being: Estimating Effect Sizes and Associations With Gender Inequality:

Despite global gender inequalities, findings on gender differences in subjective well-being have been inconsistent. We conducted a meta-analysis on gender differences in subjective well-being to ac...
Workshop on Educational Aspects

The purpose of this workshop was to define the process of creating learning objectives and using them to build scenarios on the simulator. Human patient simulators are best used to teach the more complex levels of cognitive knowledge—those defined by Bloom1 as “analysis,” “synthesis,” and “evaluation.” Using simulators in medical education, whether for medical students, anesthesia residents, anesthesiologists, or others, is extremely labor-intensive on the part of the faculty. Therefore, simulators should be used to teach levels of knowledge which cannot be taught as effectively by more traditional and less costly methods, such as lectures, readings, problem sets, or small group discussions. In order to make the most of a simulator, the learning objectives should be defined before designing the simulator scenario, and the first question to ask is: Is the simulator the best way to achieve these learning objectives? The learning objectives should drive the use of the simulator and the scenario, rather than the reverse. The simulator is a tool which is only as good as the time spent by the educational objective writer. However, it is a very good tool when used effectively to teach the appropriate level of knowledge.
The Role of Calcium in Blood Platelet Function

The platelet occupies a central position in the hemostatic reactions which protect the integrity of the vascular system in the case of injury. The arrest of bleeding occurs as the result of a complex series of responses involving contractile activity of the blood vessel wall, the formation of a platelet plug at the site of injury, the coagulation of plasma due to the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin, and the contraction or retraction of the clot. One of the most significant properties of the platelet is its ability to adhere avidly to subendothelial tissue exposed by damage to the endothelium (Baumgartner, 1972). This interaction with connective tissue sets in motion a remarkable series of physical and biochemical transformations of the platelet resulting in a rapid formation of the platelet plug and consolidation of the clot. The clotting process is activated in parallel to platelet activation and is in fact facilitated substantially by properties of the platelets themselves (Walsh, 1974).
Exercise and Rehabilitation

Upon completion of the chapter, the student will be able to: 1. Outline the importance of exercise and its implications in the well-being of older adults. 2. Identify the different components of an exercise program for the elderly. 3. Differentiate among several types of disability and its effects in activities of daily living in geriatric patients. 4. Define rehabilitation and recognize the importance of an interdisciplinary team in the process of function restoration in the elderly.
Recognition of 3-D Objects from Multiple 2-D Views by a Self-Organizing Neural Architecture

The recognition of 3-D objects from sequences of their 2-D views is modeled by a neural architecture, called VIEWNET, that uses View Information Encoded With NETworks. VIEWNET illustrates how several types of noise and variability in image data can be progressively removed while incomplete image features are restored and invariant features are discovered using an appropriately designed cascade of processing stages. VIEWNET first processes 2-D views of 3-D objects using the CORT-X 2 filter, which discounts the illuminant, regularizes and completes figural boundaries, and removes noise from the images. Boundary regularization and completion are achieved by the same mechanisms that suppress image noise. A log-polar transform is taken with respect to the centroid of the resulting figure and then re-centered to achieve 2-D scale and rotation invariance. The invariant images are coarse coded to further reduce noise, reduce foreshortening effects, and increase generalization. These compressed codes are input into a supervised learning system based on the fuzzy ARTMAP algorithm. Recognition categories of 2-D views are learned before evidence from sequences of 2-D view categories is accumulated to improve object recognition. Recognition is studied with noisy and clean images using slow and fast learning. VIEWNET is demonstrated on an MIT Lincoln Laboratory database of 2-D views of jet aircraft with and without additive noise. A recognition rate of 90% is achieved with one 2-D view category and of 98.5% correct with three 2-D view categories.
Butyrate regulates inflammatory cytokine expression without affecting oxidative respiration in primary astrocytes from spontaneously hypertensive rats.

Neurons and glia exhibit metabolic imbalances in hypertensive animal models, and loss of metabolic homeostasis can lead to neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of the microbial metabolite butyrate on mitochondrial bioenergetics and inflammatory markers in mixed brainstem and hypothalamic primary cultures of astrocytes between normotensive (Sprague-Dawley, S-D) and spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) rats. Bioenergetics of mitochondria in astrocytes from normotensive S-D rats were modified with butyrate, but this was not the case in astrocytes derived from SHR, suggesting aberrant mitochondrial function. Transcripts related to oxidative stress, butyrate transporters, butyrate metabolism, and neuroinflammation were quantified in astrocyte cultures treated with butyrate at 0, 200, 600, and 1000 μmol/L. Butyrate decreased catalase and monocarboxylate transporter 1 mRNA in astrocytes of S-D rats but not in the SHR. Moreover, while butyrate did not directly regulate the expression of 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 in astrocytes of either strain, the expression levels for these transcripts in untreated cultures were lower in the SHR compared to S-D. We observed higher levels of specific inflammatory cytokines in astrocytes of SHR, and treatment with butyrate decreased expression of Ccl2 and Tlr4 in SHR astrocytes only. Conversely, butyrate treatment increased expression of tumor necrosis factor in astrocytes from SHR but not from the S-D rats. This study improves our understanding of the role of microbial metabolites in regulating astrocyte function, and provides support that butyrate differentially regulates both the bioenergetics and transcripts related to neuroinflammation in astrocytes from SHR versus S-D rats.
Characterizing Brown Marmorated Stink Bug Injury in Almond, a New Host Crop in California.

The brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys (Stal), is an invasive species from Asia. This polyphagous, stink bug species has posed a serious production challenge in several crop species in the areas where established. The insect has spread to all the mainland states in the U.S. in about one and half decades after its first detection in Pennsylvania. The types of crops reported to have been infested by this stink bug have increased with its spread to new geographic locations. In this study, we report the first evidence of H. halys infestation in almond fruit in California. In Stanislaus County, an adult brown marmorated stink bug in an almond orchard was first observed in May 2017. The stink bug feeding on almond fruits caused excessive gumming to the developing fruits, and damage to the kernels along with typical necrotic feeding signs on the shell (endocarp) and hull (exocarp and pericarp) of the fruit at harvest. The infestation and damage by H. halys on almond warrants further research to develop Integrated Pest Management (IPM) strategies for this pest.
Copper’s Role in the Photoluminescence of Ag1–xCuxInS2 Nanocrystals, from Copper-Doped AgInS2 (x ∼ 0) to CuInS2 (x = 1)

A series of Ag1–xCuxInS2 nanocrystals (NCs) spanning from 0 ≤ x ≤ ∼1 was synthesized by partial cation exchange to identify copper’s contributions to the electronic structure and spectroscopic prop...
Finite Time Robust Control of the Sit-to-Stand Movement for Powered Lower Limb Orthoses

This study presents a technique to safely control the Sit-to-Stand movement of powered lower limb orthoses in the presence of parameter uncertainty. The weight matrices used to calculate the finite time horizon linear-quadratic regulator (LQR) gain in the feedback loop are chosen from a pool of candidates as to minimize a robust performance metric involving induced gains that measure the deviation of variables of interest in a linear time-varying (LTV) system, at specific times within a finite horizon, caused by a perturbation signal modeling the variation of the parameters. Two relevant Sit-to-Stand movements are simulated for drawing comparisons with the results documented in a previous work.
Abstract 31: Higher Levels of Light Intensity Physical Activity and Lower Sedentary Time are Associated With a Lower Risk of All-cause Mortality in Older Adults: The Framingham Heart Study

Introduction: Habitual physical activity (PA) and less sedentary behavior have been associated with a lower risk of mortality in middle-aged adults. However, little is known about the associations ...
Notch signaling at the crossroads of innate and adaptive immunity

Notch signaling is an evolutionarily conserved cell-to-cell signaling pathway that regulates cellular differentiation and function across multiple tissue types and developmental stages. In this review, we discuss our current understanding of Notch signaling in mammalian innate and adaptive immunity. The importance of Notch signaling is pervasive throughout the immune system, as it elicits lineage and context-dependent effects in a wide repertoire of cells. Although regulation of binary cell fate decisions encompasses many of the functions first ascribed to Notch in the immune system, recent advances in the field have refined and expanded our view of the Notch pathway beyond this initial concept. From establishing T cell identity in the thymus to regulating mature T cell function in the periphery, the Notch pathway is an essential, recurring signal for the T cell lineage. Among B cells, Notch signaling is required for the development and maintenance of marginal zone B cells in the spleen. Emerging roles for Notch signaling in innate and innate-like lineages such as classical dendritic cells and innate lymphoid cells are likewise coming into view. Lastly, we speculate on the molecular underpinnings that shape the activity and versatility of the Notch pathway.
Use of Cholesky coordinates and the absolute nodal coordinate formulation in the computer simulation of flexible multibody systems

In a previous publication, procedures that can be used with the absolute nodal coordinate formulation to solve the dynamic problems of flexible multibody systems were proposed. One of these procedures is based on the Cholesky decomposition. By utilizing the fact that the absolute nodal coordinate formulation leads to a constant mass matrix, a Cholesky decomposition is used to obtain a constant velocity transformation matrix. This velocity transformation is used to express the absolute nodal coordinates in terms of the generalized Cholesky coordinates. The inertia matrix associated with the Cholesky coordinates is the identity matrix, and therefore, an optimum sparse matrix structure can be obtained for the augmented multibody equations of motion. The implementation of a computer procedure based on the absolute nodal coordinate formulation and Cholesky coordinates is discussed in this paper. Numerical examples are presented in order to demonstrate the use of Cholesky coordinates in the simulation of the large deformations in flexible multibody applications.
Examining virtual meditation as a stress management strategy on college campuses through longitudinal, quasi-experimental research

Levels of student stress and psychopathology are greater than ever before and the need for mental health support is increasing. Because students themselves are often reluctant to seek out counselli...
Protein cysteine palmitoylation in immunity and inflammation.

Protein cysteine palmitoylation, or S-palmitoylation, has been known for about 40 years, and thousands of proteins in humans are known to be modified. Because of the large number of proteins modified, the importance and physiological functions of S-palmitoylation are enormous. However, most of the known physiological functions of S-palmitoylation can be broadly classified into two categories, neurological or immunological. This review provides a summary on the function of S-palmitoylation from the immunological perspective. Several important immune signaling pathways are discussed, including STING, NOD1/2, JAK-STAT in cytokine signaling, T-cell receptor signaling, chemotactic GPCR signaling, apoptosis, phagocytosis, and endothelial and epithelial integrity. This review is not meant to be comprehensive, but rather focuses on specific examples to highlight the versatility of palmitoylation in regulating immune signaling, as well as the potential and challenges of targeting palmitoylation to treat immune diseases.
How a membrane transporter keeps melanocytes in the red.

Skin pigment tone varies widely among human populations and can have profound impacts on skin sensitivity to ultraviolet light and on imbalances in medical treatments and societal injustices. This overt trait is influenced by the activity of many genes, but deciphering how each component impacts skin color is often difficult to unravel. An example of this challenge is highlighted in results of recent genome-wide association studies among African and Latin American populations, in which allelic differences at a poorly studied gene, MFSD12 (Major Facilitator Superfamily domain containing 12), correlated with light or dark skin pigmentation (Adhikari et al., 2019; Crawford et al., 2017).
Patient portal use, perceptions of electronic health record value, and self-rated primary care quality among older adults: Cross-sectional survey

Background: Older adults are increasingly accessing information and communicating using patient-facing portals available through their providers’ electronic health record (EHR). Most theories of technology acceptance and use suggest that patients’ overall satisfaction with care should be independent of their chosen level of portal engagement. However, achieving expected benefits of portal use depends on demonstrated support from providers to meet these expectations. This is especially true among older adults, who may require more guidance. However, little is known about whether misalignment of expectations around technology-facilitated care is associated with lower perceptions of care quality. Objective: The aims of this study were to analyze whether older adults’ assessment of primary care quality differs across levels of patient portal engagement and whether perceptions of how well their provider uses the EHR to support care moderates this relationship. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey analysis of 158 older adults over the age of 65 (average age 71.4 years) across Michigan using a 13-measure composite of self-assessed health care quality. Portal use was categorized as none, moderate (use of 1-3 functionalities), or extensive (use of 4-7 functionalities). EHR value perception was measured by asking respondents how they felt their doctor’s EHR use improved the patient–provider relationship. Results: Moderate portal users, compared to those who were extensive users, had lower estimated care quality (–0.214 on 4-point scale; P=.03). Differences between extensive portal users and nonportal users were not significant. Quality perception was only particularly low among moderate portal users with low EHR value perception; those with high EHR value perception rated quality similarly to other portal user groups. Conclusions: Older adults who are moderate portal users are the least satisfied with their care, and the most sensitive to perceptions of how well their provider uses the EHR to support the relationship. Encouraging portal use without compromising perceptions of quality requires thinking beyond patient-focused education. Achieving value from use of patient-facing technologies with older adults is contingent upon matched organizational investments that support technology-enabled care delivery. Providers and staff need policies and practices that demonstrate technology adeptness. Older adults may need more tailored signaling and accommodation for technology to be maximally impactful.