cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Gas and liquid transport in steady-state aqueous foam

Experiments are performed on the transport of gas and liquid in a column of aqueous foam maintained in steady state by a constant gas flux at the bottom. We measure vertical profiles of the bubble velocities, the bubble radii, and the liquid fraction, for four different gas fluxes. In steady state the bubbles move upwards with constant speed equal to the measured gas flux, which accounts for all transport of gas. The bubbles also coarsen by gas diffusion at a rate that depends on liquid fraction. Away from the bottom, the Plateau border radii are constant. Therefore capillary effects are negligible and the steady-state liquid-fraction profile is set chiefly by the balance of viscous forces and gravity. The flow within the Plateau borders may be modeled with a no-slip boundary condition for our system. These findings provide a simple description of steady-state foams via the coarsening and drainage equations, which can be combined and solved analytically for bubble radius and liquid-fraction profiles.
Extremal solutions and extremal norms of linear differential inclusions of order three

Linear differential inclusions arising in the theory of absolute stability of feedback systems with two time-varying sector nonlinearities are considered. It is shown that under controllability/observability assumptions in the case of zero Lyapunov exponent all the extremal solutions tend to the same (up to a positive scaling factor) antiperiodic solution. An analogue of the Perron-Frobenius theorem for corresponding linear inclusions is obtained. A description of the set of extremal points of the set of extremal norms of linear inclusion is provided.
Closed chest hypothermic circulatory arrest for complex intracranial aneurysms.

Background. Recent advances in techniques of cardiopulmonary bypass permitted hypothermic circulatory arrest (HCA) using groin cannulation with the chest closed (CC-HCA) and without direct access to the heart. Herein we describe our experience with this technique for complex intracranial aneurysms. Methods. Between 1992 and 1999, 16 patients (4 men and 12 women) with a mean age of 52 years (range 32 to 61 years) with complex intracranial aneurysms underwent resection or clipping of their aneurysms at our institution using the technique of CC-HCA and groin cannulation. Groin access was obtained with 16F to 19F arterial and 18F to 20F venous cannulas placing the tips at the aortoiliac and atriocaval junctions, respectively. Patients were cooled to a nasopharyngeal temperature of 16°C. Results. Mean circulatory arrest time was 32 minutes. No patient required conversion to standard sternotomy and central cannulation. There were no intraoperative deaths. The 30-day hospital mortality was 2 of 16 patients (12%). Of the 14 surviving patients (88%), 1 developed bilateral third nerve palsy and another left hemiparesis that improved on follow-up. Both were discharged to an extended care facility and continued to do well at home after discharge. Two patients developed deep venous thrombosis postoperatively and required anticoagulation. All patients continued to do well at a mean follow-up of 42 months. Conclusions. The less invasive technique of CC-HCA through groin cannulation avoids complications associated with a sternotomy, is safe and is associated with little morbidity, reduced operative time, and early hospital discharge and rehabilitation.
NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS MINERALIZATION IN THREE WETLAND TYPES IN SOUTHEAST ALASKA, USA

ABSTRACT To improve our ability to predict how different wetland soils cycle nutrients, it is necessary to gain an understanding of N and P net mineralization rates. Since information on mineralization rates in southeast Alaska is limited, this study will improve our ability to predict how different wetlands affect soil nutrient processing. Net N and P mineralization rates were measured both in situ and via lab incubations to evaluate both actual and potential mineralization rates in three wetland types: bogs; forested wetlands; and riparian wetlands. Soil pH was an important controlling variable for both net N and P mineralization rates and soil phosphorus content significantly influenced net P mineralization rates. In situ net mineralization rates ranged from 410–1,710 µg N kg soil−1 day−1 for N and from 2–27 µg P kg soil−1 day−1 for P after 56 days. Lab incubations revealed mineralization potentials were 2–3 times greater than in situ rates. Net N and P mineralization potentials were greatest in the ri...
Novel chitinolytic enzymes with biological activity against herbivorous insects

The soil bacteria, Streptomyces albidoflavus, secretes endochitinases and chitobiosidases that are active over a broad range of pH (4–10). Ingestion of this mixture of chitinolytic enzymes significantly reduced the growth and development of Trichoplusia ni and significantly reduced survival of Myzus persicae, Bemisia argentifolii, and Hypothenemus hampei. Perfusion chromatography was used to separate endochitinases from chitobiosidases. The endochitinases had significantly greater biological activity against Bemisia argentifolii than the chitobiosidases. The utility of chitinolytic enzymes as regulators of populations of herbivorous insects is discussed.
Comparative productivity of alternative cellulosic bioenergy cropping systems in the North Central USA

Abstract Biofuels from lignocellulosic feedstocks have the potential to improve a wide range of ecosystem services while simultaneously reducing dependence on fossil fuels. Here, we report on the six-year production potential (above ground net primary production, ANPP), post-frost harvested biomass (yield), and gross harvest efficiency (GHE = yield/ANPP) of seven model bioenergy cropping systems in both southcentral Wisconsin (ARL) and southwest Michigan (KBS). The cropping systems studied were continuous corn (Zea mays L.), switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.), giant miscanthus (Miscanthus × giganteus Greef & Deuter ex Hodkinson & Renvoize), hybrid poplar (Populus nigra × P. maximowiczii A. Henry ‘NM6’), a native grass mixture (5 sown species), an early successional community, and a restored prairie (18 sown species). Overall the most productive cropping systems were corn > giant miscanthus > and switchgrass, which were significantly more productive than native grasses ≈ restored prairie ≈ early successional ≈ and hybrid poplar, although some systems (e.g. hybrid poplar) differed significantly by location. Highest total ANPP was observed in giant miscanthus (35.2 ± 2.0 Mg ha−1 yr−1) at KBS during the sixth growing season. Six-year cumulative biomass yield from hybrid poplar at KBS (55.4 ± 1.3 Mg ha−1) was high but significantly lower than corn and giant miscanthus (65.5 ± 1.5, 65.2 ± 5.5 Mg ha−1, respectively). Hypothesized yield advantages of diversity in perennial cropping systems were not observed during this period. Harvested biomass yields were 60, 56, and 44% of ANPP for corn, perennial grass, and restored prairie, respectively, suggesting that relatively simple changes in agronomic management (e.g. harvest timing and harvest equipment modification) may provide significant gains in bioenergy crop yields. Species composition was an important determinant of GHE in more diverse systems. Results show that well-established, dedicated bioenergy crops are capable of producing as much biomass as corn stover, but with fewer inputs.
Who’s your mommy? Identifying maternal ancestors of asexual species of Leiolepis Cuvier, 1829 and the description of a new endemic species of asexual Leiolepis Cuvier, 1829 from Southern Vietnam

A new asexual species of Leiolepis is described from Binh Chau – Phuoc Buu Nature Reserve, Xuyen Moc district Ba Ria-Vung Tau Province, Vietnam to where it is believed to be endemic. Leiolepis ngovantrii sp. nov. differs from all sexual species of Leiolepis by lacking males and from all asexual species by having nine rows of enlarged keeled scales across the forearm and 37–40 subdigital lamellae beneath the fourth toe. Phylogenetic inference based on 700 base pairs of the mitochondrial ND2 region, placed L. ngovantrii sp. nov. among the currently described asexual species and was used to assess the maternal ancestors of the remaining asexual species. Both maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood analyses recovered L. guttata as the maternal ancestors of L. guentherpetersi, L. boehmei, and L. ngovantrii sp. nov., and L. boehmei as the maternal ancestor to L. triploida.
A single center experience of Zilver PTX for femoro-popliteal lesions

Abstract Background Clinical trial data show overall favorable outcomes of paclitaxel-eluting stents for treatment of femoro-popliteal (FP) occlusive disease. However, external validity of trial results may be restricted to less complex FP lesions, and limited data on outcomes of paclitaxel-eluting stents in real world practice have been published. Methods This is a retrospective analysis of data of all patients who received Zilver® PTX® for FP lesion from February 2013 to October 2014 at our center. The primary endpoint was primary patency, defined as peak systolic velocity ratio Results Seventy-eight patients received Zilver® PTX® for FP lesions in the pre-specified time period. Of them, 63 had follow-up data and were included in this study. Mean patient age was 66.3 ± 9.4 years, and 57.1% of the patients were men. Participants had a high prevalence of diabetes (49.2%), hypertension (93.7%), hyperlipidemia (93.7%), previous coronary revascularization (52.4%), or previous peripheral arterial disease (77.8%). Critical limb ischemia was present in 25.4% of the patients, Trans-Atlantic Inter-Society Consensus (TASC) class C or D in 76.2%, in-stent restenosis (ISR) in 36.5%, and total occlusion in 69.8%. Mean lesion length was 218.9 ± 128.3 mm, mean number of stents was 2.02 ± 1.0, and total stent length was 189.0 ± 128.5 mm. Mean follow-up was 270.4 ± 190.3 days. Primary patency rate at 1 year was 66.7% by Kaplan–Meier survival curve. When compared with patients with primary patency at follow up, those with an adverse outcome had higher prevalence of TASC II class C or D lesions (100% vs. 68.8%, p = 0.013), and were more likely to have ISR (66.7% vs. 27.1%, p = 0.012), longer lesion (291.3 ± 138.7 vs. 195.7 ± 117.1, p = 0.011), and incomplete coverage of the lesion (full coverage of lesions: 40% vs. 77.1%, p = 0.011). Conclusion Post marketing use of Zilver® PTX® for the treatment of FP lesions is associated with lower patency rates compared with clinical trial data. This may be related to the high prevalence of TASC II class C or D lesions and ISR in real world practice. Future studies should be more representative of contemporary clinical practice.
Race, Risk and Incumbents: The Effects of Authoritarianism on Vote Choice in 2012

Examining the 2012 national elections, I argue that the incumbency status of President Barack Obama had different effects on the vote choice of Black and White authoritarians. In particular, I ask whether the presence of Obama as an incumbent caused White authoritarians to be more risk-accepting than risk-adverse in their vote choice. I test the effects of incumbency status on vote choice in the U.S. Senate and House to assess whether voting for incumbents was the norm for both Black and White authoritarians and, thus, analyze whether White authoritarians deviated from "the authoritarian norm" in the presidential election.The aim of this article is to offer a different look on the effects of authoritarianism on vote choice by investigating how it manifests itself according to race.Kam and Simas (2012) have demonstrated that, in comparison to their risk-adverse counterparts, risk-accepting citizens were about eight times as likely to vote for a challenger as opposed to an incumbent in the 2008 House races. Research shows that those scoring high on authoritarianism are exceedingly prone to risk-aversion because of their propensity to rely on established authorities to provide clarity, order, and control (Hetherington and Weiler, 2009). Because the majority of authoritarians' behavior can be explained by their level of perceived threat, the literature on authoritarianism surrounding the 2008 and 2012 national elections tends to focus on White authoritarians and, in particular, the effect of their reactions to President Barack Obama on vote choice. However, high levels of authoritarianism are also found amongst racial minorities, and its effects are bound to manifest themselves in ways which are similar and different to that of White authoritarians. Using the 2012 ANES, I will consider the impact of authoritarianism for Black and White respondents on the vote for Senate, House and Presidential incumbents. If Kam and Simas' (2012) intuition is correct, authoritarians of both races should vote for Senate and House incumbents more than challengers at relatively similar rates. However, according to the research on authoritarianism, White authoritarians most likely perceived Obama as a threat during the 2012 elections. Therefore, I suspect that White authoritarians voted for Mitt Romney (the presidential challenger) at higher rates than they voted for Obama (the presidential incumbent) in 2012, while Black authoritarians did not. If my hypothesis is correct, it would run contrary to the conventional assumption that authoritarians privilege risk-aversion over risk-taking and open opportunities for wider discussions about the effects of authoritarianism on the vote behavior of racial minorities.
Outcome Based Assessment:A Case Study on Undergraduate Course on Control Systems

The Outcome Based Assessment (OBA) has been one of the major concerns of most engineering departments in India since the National Board of Accreditation (NBA) has made it compulsory towards programme accreditation. Implementation of the OBA may not be an easy task when considering the mapping of the course outcome (CO) to Programme Outcomes (PO). This paper describe the analysis process of the CO and PO attainment for an undergraduate course on control systems, a subject, which is offered to 3rd year students of Electrical & Electronics Engineering at Manipal University. Two methods are incorporated for the assessment of course outcomes and PO attainment (1) direct measurement, and (2) indirect measurement. As a whole, this paper gives complete procedure and a sample analysis for Outcome Based Assessment starting from course curriculum development to its outcome attainment based on defined criteria's.
CAROTID BARORECEPTOR STIMULATION AND ARTERIOVENOUS SHUNTS FOR RESISTANT HYPERTENSION

Pharmacologic therapy for hypertension is effective for the majority of patients with hypertension, but there is a subset of the population with treatment-resistant hypertension who cannot achieve their blood pressure goal despite taking multiple medications. Since these patients are at increased risk of cardiovascular disease and end-organ damage, additional therapies must be considered. This review discusses several novel interventional therapies-including baroreflex activation therapy, baroreceptor stenting, and creation of an arteriovenous shunt-that may provide alternative options for blood pressure control in those with treatment-resistant hypertension. All of these therapies remain investigational, and each has its own strengths and weaknesses that will be critical to assess as they come to market.
Memorial of Richard Edwin Stoiber, 1911–2001

Richard Stoiber, volcanologist, geochemist, mineralogist, petrologist, and tectonic geophysicist, died peacefully at his home in Norwich, Vermont on 9 Feb 2001 after a long illness, but not long after a 90th birthday party that he shared with old friends and family. A Life Fellow of MSA, he was Frederick Hall Professor of Mineralogy Emeritus at Dartmouth College and the honoree of the mineral stoiberite. Dick Stoiber was known in his later career as a volcanologist, noted for the analysis of gaseous volcanic emissions and the study of mineral deposits. He was known worldwide as the keeper of a volcanoes web site, and to a privileged few thousands of Dartmouth students as an indefatigable and famously original teacher in the classroom and field. Few today may know that he was also a leading innovator in the trace element geochemistry of ore minerals, an accomplished spectrographer, a student of the petrology of ore deposits, a crystallographer and optical mineralogist, an atmospheric scientist, and an acute student of the geometry of subduction related to volcanism. Born in Cleveland and raised in New Jersey, Stoiber attended Dartmouth and graduated with the class of 1932. He returned as an instructor in 1935, having completed his residency for the Ph.D. at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), and except for the war years, never left. In 1941 he married Edna Howley, herself a highly original person, who became a devoted supporter of his teaching and his students, and later a gifted painter whose pictures graced their home in Norwich. They raised two children, Christine and Philip, both able scholars in their own right. At MIT, Stoiber studied economic geology, receiving the Ph.D. degree in 1937. The major outgrowth of his thesis was the ground-breaking 1940 paper “Minor elements in sphalerite” published in Economic Geology, in …
Remote results of transplantations of blood vessels

This communication deals first with the evolution of the anastomoses, and secondly with the modifications of the walls, of the transplanted vessels.The results of the arterio-arterial, veno-venous and arteriovenous anastomoses remained excellent after many months. No stenoses or aneurisms have been observed on the arterial anastomoses six to seven months after the operation. No stenosis occurs after the venous anastomosis: a cat, in which an Eck fistula was made eighteen months ago by Guthrie and myself is still in good health. The same is the case for the arterio-venous anastomosis: the jugular vein and the carotid artery of a dog were anastomosed by Guthrie and myself twenty two months ago and now strong thrill and pulsations are easily detected by palpation of the jugular vein.The modifications of the vascular walls are produced mainly by the changes of blood pressure. No great change occurs if the blood pressure of the transplanted vessel be not modified. Segments of carotid, aorta or vena cava of one...
A Tale of Two Schisms: Heidegger’s Critique of Husserl’s Move into Transcendental Idealism

AbstractThe history of the early phenomenological movement involves a tale of two schisms. The Great Phenomenological Schism originated between 1905 and 1913, as many of his contemporaries, for example, Pfander, Scheler, Reinach, Stein, and Ingarden, rejected Husserl’s transformation of phenomenology from the descriptive psychology of his Logical Investigations (1900/19011) into the transcendental idealism of his Ideas I (1913). The Phenomenological-Existential Schism started between 1927 and 1933, as with Being and Time (1927) Heidegger moved away from Husserl’s transcendental phenomenology of consciousness toward an ontological analytic of existence. Yet these schisms were not unrelated developments. Closely following the documentary evidence to determine the exemplary nature of Heidegger’s critique of Husserl’s move into transcendental idealism, this essay establishes the inextricable linkage between the Great Phenomenological Schism and the Phenomenological-Existential Schism.
Amyloidosis of the lower genitourinary tract.

AbstractThree patients with amyloidosis of the lower genitourinary tract are described. In the cases of primary localized amyloidosis of the urethra and primary systemic amyloidosis involving the prostate the clinical presentation mimicked cancer of the respective sites. In the case of secondary localized amyloidosis of the seminal vesicles chronic perineal pain suggested seminal vesiculitis.
Sideline Neurological Evaluation: a Detailed Approach to the Sideline, In-Game Neurological Assessment of Contact Sport Athletes

Contact sport holds inherent risk of traumatic injury to participant athletes. Neurologic injury, from trauma, portends significant potential for morbidity and mortality. The in-game sideline presents a challenging setting for injury evaluation. Athletic trainers and team physicians should understand general principles of the neurologic evaluation and apply a systematic approach that allows an organized evaluation of and differential diagnosis of neurologic injury. Athlete welfare demands an immediate, accurate diagnosis followed by targeted management. Management provides appropriate referral, timely treatment, and appropriate return-to-play decision. Management begins with recognition.
Maternal alcohol consumption and stress responsiveness in offspring.

It is now generally acknowledged that pre- and/or postnatal environmental factors, such as stress and drugs, can exert long-lasting neurobehavioral effects in the individual. These factors may influence the development of central regulatory systems by acting directly on the fetal brain or indirectly through changes in the internal environment of the mother and fetus. The Fetal Alcohol Syndrome which has been recognized as a clinical entity for the past 15 years (1) is a case in point. Adverse effects of maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy on growth and development of the offspring have been well documented in humans and laboratory animals (2). Mental retardation and behavioral deficits, such as hyperactivity, jitteriness, irritability and marked attentional and learning problems, are consistently observed in children who were exposed to alcohol in utero (3).
Quantitative effects of intraperitoneal 32% dextran 70 on serum immunoglobulin levels in women undergoing gynecologic surgery.

Au 5eme jour postoperatoire, les taux d'IgG dans le groupe traite sont significativement moins abaisses que dans le groupe temoin. Les taux d'IgA sont augmentes dans le groupe traite, et abaisses dans le groupe temoin, par rapport aux taux preoperatoires. Il n'y a pas eu de complication immediate associee au dextran dans le groupe traite, mais 2 semaines plus tard, une des operees a fait une phlebite profonde
Multi-fidelity modelling of mixed convection based on experimental correlations and numerical simulations

For thermal mixed-convection flows, the Nusselt number is a function of Reynolds number, Grashof number and the angle between the forced- and natural-convection directions. We consider flow over a heated cylinder for which there is no universal correlation that accurately predicts Nusselt number as a function of these parameters, especially in opposing-convection flows, where the natural convection is against the forced convection. Here, we revisit this classical problem by employing modern tools from machine learning to develop a general multi-fidelity framework for constructing a stochastic response surface for the Nusselt number. In particular, we combine previously developed experimental correlations (low-fidelity model) with direct numerical simulations (high-fidelity model) using Gaussian process regression and autoregressive stochastic schemes. In this framework the high-fidelity model is sampled only a few times, while the inexpensive empirical correlation is sampled at a very high rate. We obtain the mean Nusselt number directly from the stochastic multi-fidelity response surface, and we also propose an improved correlation. This new correlation seems to be consistent with the physics of this problem as we correct the vectorial addition of forced and natural convection with a pre-factor that weighs differently the forced convection. This, in turn, results in a new definition of the effective Reynolds number, hence accounting for the ‘incomplete similarity’ between mixed convection and forced convection. In addition, due to the probabilistic construction, we can quantify the uncertainty associated with the predictions. This information-fusion framework is useful for elucidating the physics of the flow, especially in cases where anomalous transport or interesting dynamics may be revealed by contrasting the variable fidelity across the models. While in this paper we focus on the thermal mixed convection, the multi-fidelity framework provides a new paradigm that could be used in many different contexts in fluid mechanics including heat and mass transport, but also in combining various levels of fidelity of models of turbulent flows.
Statistical Causal Analysis of Freight-Train Derailments in the United States

AbstractFreight railroads contribute to the national economy by moving over 40% of intercity ton-miles of freight. Meanwhile, train accidents can damage infrastructure and rolling stock, disrupt op...
Moving Closer: Speakers with Mental Disabilities, Deep Disclosure, and Agency through Vulnerability

This essay examines the rhetoric of an organized group of mentally disabled speakers who share their stories with the public to fight the stigma that adheres to psychiatric diagnoses. Their “deep disclosure” of the sometimes disturbing details of their disability-related experiences can make the speakers and their audience members vulnerable in distinct ways. Vulnerability in these rhetorical situations need not only be viewed as threatening, however. Rather, the essay argues, it has the potential to be highly productive when it encourages the speaker and audience member’s openness to each other’s influence.
Theory of Fields, I: Classical

In recent years gauge theories have emerged as primary tools for research in elementary particle physics. Experimental as well as theoretical evidence of their utility has grown tremendously in the last two decades. The isospin gauge group SU(2) of Yang–Mills theory combined with the U(1) gauge group of electromagnentic theory has lead to a unified theory of weak interactions and electromagnetism. We give an account of this unified electroweak theory in Chapter 8. In this chapter we give a mathematical formulation of several important concepts and constructions used in classical field theories. We begin with a brief account of the physical background in Section 6.2. Gauge potential and gauge field on an arbitrary pseudo-Riemannian manifold are defined in Section 6.3. Three different ways of defining the group of gauge transformations and their natural equivalence is also considered there. The geometric structure of the space of gauge potentials is discussed in Section 6.4 and is then applied to the study of Gribov ambiguity in Section 6.5. A geometric formulation of matter fields is given in Section 6.6. Gravitational field equations and their generalization is discussed in Section 6.7. Finally, Section 6.8 gives a brief indication of Perelman’s work on the geometrization conjecture and its relation to gravity.
A Comparison of Two Techniques for Shaping Escape Behavior in the Operant Conditioning Chamber

Recently an apparatus has been devised which facilitates escape training in the operant conditioning chamber by restricting the area of the chamber within which Ss can move. In the present study this device is compared with traditional shaping procedures with respect to speed of acquisition of the bar press. The experimental technique is found to be considerably more effective both with respect to average acquisition time and reduction of variability among Ss. The implications of the procedure for research with negative reinforcement are discussed.
Everyday Exotropia: Learning from the Littlest.

Background and Purpose: Early onset exodeviations in systemically and ocularly healthy young children, diagnosed at less than 1 year of age, may be of the constant, “infantile XT” type, or early X(...
Representation Specifications and Implementation Dependent Features

Representation specifications specify how the types of the language are to be mapped onto the underlying machine. Mappings acceptable to an implementation do not alter the net effect of a program. They can be provided to give more efficient representation or to interface with features that are outside the domain of the language (for example, peripheral hardware).
MeCP2 Deficiency Leads to Loss of Glial Kir4.1.

Abstract Rett syndrome (RTT) is an X-linked neurodevelopmental disorder usually caused by mutations in methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MeCP2). RTT is typified by apparently normal development until 6–18 mo of age, when motor and communicative skills regress and hand stereotypies, autonomic symptoms, and seizures present. Restoration of MeCP2 function selectively to astrocytes reversed several deficits in a murine model of RTT, but the mechanism of this rescue is unknown. Astrocytes carry out many essential functions required for normal brain functioning, including extracellular K + buffering. Kir4.1, an inwardly rectifying K + channel, is largely responsible for the channel-mediated K + regulation by astrocytes. Loss-of-function mutations in Kir4.1 in human patients result in a severe neurodevelopmental disorder termed EAST or SESAME syndrome. Here, we evaluated astrocytic Kir4.1 expression in a murine model of Rett syndrome. We demonstrate by chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis that Kir4.1 is a direct molecular target of MeCP2. Astrocytes from Mecp2 -deficient mice express significantly less Kir4.1 mRNA and protein, which translates into a >50% deficiency in Ba 2+ -sensitive Kir4.1-mediated currents, and impaired extracellular potassium dynamics. By examining astrocytes in isolation, we demonstrate that loss of Kir4.1 is cell autonomous. Assessment through postnatal development revealed that Kir4.1 expression in Mecp2 -deficient animals never reaches adult, wild-type levels, consistent with a neurodevelopmental disorder. These are the first data implicating a direct MeCP2 molecular target in astrocytes and provide novel mechanistic insight explaining a potential mechanism by which astrocytic dysfunction may contribute to RTT.
Poly[di­aqua­bis­(μ-hydrogen benzene-1,2,4-tri­carboxyl­ato)copper(II)disodium]: a novel 4,5,6-connected trinodal net

In the title compound, [CuNa2(C9H4O6)2(H2O)4]n, the CuII cations are square-planar coordinated by carboxyl­ate O-atom donors from four different hydrogen benzene-1,2,4-tri­carboxyl­ate (btcH) ligands, thereby forming [Cu(btcH)2]n2n− coordination polymer ribbons. These are connected by octa­hedrally coordinated and hydrated NaI cations within Na2(μ-H2O)2 clusters to construct the full [Na2(H2O)4Cu(btcH)2]n three-dimensional coordination polymer.
Activation of the EEG

Various procedures are commonly used in the recording of the EEG in an effort to increase the diagnostic yield of the test. Common methods, such as hyperventilation (HV), photic stimulation, and sleep deprivation, referred to collectively as activation techniques, are traditionally used toward this end. Less common techniques, such as withdrawal of antiepileptic medications, use of specific triggers reported by the patient, and other idiosyncratic methods can be tried as well. This chapter will review methods of activation of the EEG, including HV, photic stimulation, and sleep deprivation. Historical background, physiological mechanisms, standard techniques, and clinical significance will also be reviewed.
Selective effects of experimental glaucoma on axonal transport by retinal ganglion cells to the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus

Rapid-phase axonal transport to the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) was determined autoradiographically in seven macaque monkey eyes with chronic intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation, in four eyes with an acute IOP elevation, and in three eyes with normal IOP. The monkeys with chronic IOP elevation showed a greater decrease in radioactive labeling of the magnocellular layers of the dLGN than the parvocellular layers by qualitative examination. Grain counts in selected specimens confirmed that transport to the magnocellular layers was less than to the parvocellular layers in monkeys with chronic IOP elevation. This selectivity was present in mildly damaged specimens and increased with greater ganglion cell loss. In monkeys with acute IOP elevation, qualitative evaluation suggested no consistent difference in transport among the dLGN layers; one animal in this group had less transport to the parvocellular than to the magnocellular layers by grain counts. Starting in early stages of the disease, chronic experimental glaucoma causes preferential damage to the ganglion cells that project to the magnocellular layers of the dLGN.
Automatic granularity selection and OpenMP directive generation via extended machine descriptors in the PROMIS parallelizing compiler

This paper describes Extended Machine Descriptors (EMD) in the PROMIS multigrain compiler. EMDs extend the concept of Machine Descriptors to encompass coarser granularities of parallelism, thereby enabling high-level transformations to be quickly retargeted. Code generation for parallel runtime libraries like OpenMP benefit from the granularity control and automatic directive generation provided by EMDs. An overview of EMDs, their implementation in the PROMIS compiler, and a demonstration of their utility for portability and retargetability are described in this paper.
Vitamin A Supplementation Therapy for Patients with Cystic Fibrosis

This review will examine the relationship between vitamin A supplements for patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) and the presence or absence of vision and/or integumentary disorders. The reasoning for lack of vitamin A absorption and digestion in CF patients will be explored along with the consequences of the malabsorption and maldigestion. The specific focus will include the optimum amount of vitamin A supplements that should be provided to patients and how these supplements impact various disabilities and disorders in CF patients.
Instrument-assisted soft tissue mobilization and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation techniques improve hamstring flexibility better than static stretching alone: a randomized clinical trial.

ABSTRACTObjectives: Tight hamstrings contribute to inefficiency of movement and increased risk for injury. Static stretching is the most common intervention for this problem, but the use of alterna...
Upwards migration phenomenon on molten lunar regolith: New challenges and prospects for ISRU

Abstract As part of our research on the feasibility of producing commodities from lunar regolith by thermal-driven processes with minimal terrestrial precursors we need to characterize, reproduce, and understand thermophysical properties of the molten regolith still unforeseen under the lunar vacuum conditions at a scalable sample size. Two unanticipated phenomena, apparently caused by lunar melt’s surface tension under vacuum, have been revealed in our research work, vacuum void formation and upwards migration. In this paper we present our findings and thinkable explanation on the upwards migration phenomenon experimentally observed and consistently replicated as JSC-1A lunar regolith simulant melted at high vacuum. Upwards migration of molten lunar regolith will make future lunar ISRU’s melting processes both challenging as molten bulk material would migrate upwards along the container’s walls, and also promising on new opportunities for alternative ISRU’s sustainable processes as regolith’s upwards migration takes place in uniformed thin-film pattern. Among the potential ISRU’s processes that might use controlled thermal thin-film-based migration without the necessity of terrestrial precursors are production of feedstock for 3D printing, fractional separation of regolith’s component’s (O2, metals, and alloys) via pyrolysis, film coating, purification of valuables solid crystals including silicon, and fabrication of key elements for microfluidic, and MEMS devices. Thermal upwards migration phenomenon on JSC-1A’s melt is formulated and explained by the authors as due to thermal Marangoni effect (also known as thermo-capillarity) in which temperature gradients within the melt’s bulk and along the crucible’s wall yield the surface tension large enough to supersede the gravitational force and yield the experimentally observed upwards thin-film migration. As far as the authors know, upwards thermal migration of molten JSC-1A (or other lunar simulant regolith) under vacuum has not been reported in the literature. A thermal mathematical model accounting for thermal Marangoni effect on molten JSC-1A agrees with what experimentally was observed, the formation of the meniscus on the melt-wall surface interface along with an incipient upwards migration in thin-film pattern along the crucible wall that, according to the model, experiences large temperature gradient, an important factor to trigger the thermal Marangoni effect along with the fact that surface tension of the molten lunar regolith material is temperature dependent.
Forests of Virginia, 2016

This resource update provides an overview of forest resources in Virginia based on an inventory conducted by the U.S. Forest Service, Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) program at the Southern Research Station in cooperation with the Virginia Department of Forestry.
Node-asynchronous Implementation of Rational Filters on Graphs

This paper considers a node-asynchronous implementation of rational ("IIR") filters on graphs, in which the nodes are assumed to wake up randomly and independently from each other, and communicate only with their immediate neighbors. The underlying graph is allowed to be directed, possibly with a non-diagonalizable adjacency matrix. Since the nodes are allowed to act independently, the proposed implementation is practical for very large or autonomous networks where synchronization is difficult to achieve. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm is 1-hop localized on the graph irrespective of the order of the filter. The method is shown to converge in the mean-squared sense under a boundedness assumption on the filter as well as the graph operator. The result follows from the convergence of a more general randomized asynchronous state recursion, which is also presented in this paper. The algorithm is simulated on a random geometric graph, which numerically verifies the convergence.
Role of short- and long-range ordering on diffusion in Ni-Al alloys

The varying degrees of short- and long-range order exhibited by multicomponent solids complicates a first-principles calculation of nondilute diffusion coefficients. Temporal and spatial variations in the local degree of order affect the migration barriers of individual hops and can result in strong correlations between successive hops that ultimately affect macroscopic transport coefficients. Here we report on a first-principles study of diffusion in Ni-rich Ni-Al alloys. We used cluster expansion Hamiltonians to describe the energies of the end states and migration barriers of each hop. Kinetic Monte Carlo simulations were performed to calculate macroscopic transport coefficients. Variations in the degree of ordering are shown to play a significant role in affecting diffusion coefficients. While Al has a higher mobility than Ni in the disordered Ni-rich fcc solid solution, it becomes significantly less mobile in the ordered $L{1}_{2}\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}{\ensuremath{\gamma}}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ phase due to strong thermodynamic tendencies that keep Al trapped to disconnected sublattice sites.
Objective impairment of tandem gait in Parkinson's disease patients increases with disease severity.

Abstract Introduction Tandem gait abnormalities have been reported to increase with advancing age, play a role in fall-prediction in Parkinson's disease, and distinguish it from atypical parkinsonism. Tandem gait has been scored based on the number of side steps off a straight line in these studies. Objective measurement of spatiotemporal tandem gait parameters in Parkinson's disease has not been previously reported. Methods Subjects (74 Parkinson's disease and 28 controls) were enrolled after IRB approval. Those with more than 1 fall/day or a Montreal Cognitive Assessment score Results Compared to controls, on tandem gait, Parkinson's subjects had increased step width, stride width and path width, with a slower stride velocity and an increased time spent in all phases of the gait cycle. Parkinson's subjects also applied greater pressure with each step and had greater step-to-step variability in tandem gait measures. While Hoehn & Yahr stage 1 subjects were not significantly different from controls, stage 2 and 2.5 + groups were different. Parkinson's subjects with freezing of gait also walked with a wider base compared to those without gait freezing. Tandem gait spatiotemporal parameters were not correlated with fall frequency. Conclusions Tandem gait is impaired in Parkinson's disease in a stage-dependent manner, with wider base and increased step-to-step variability, which could suggest involvement of cerebellar and mediolateral balance pathways.
Large modal survey testing using the Ibrahim time domain /ITD/ identification technique

The ability of the ITD identification algorithm in identifying a complete set of structural modal parameters using a large number of free-response time histories simultaneously in one analysis, assuming a math model with a high number of degrees-of-freedom, has been studied. Identification results using simulated free responses of a uniform rectangular plate, with 225 measurement stations, and experimental responses from a ground vibration test of the Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF) Space Shuttle payload, with 142 measurement stations, are presented. As many as 300 degrees-of-freedom were allowed in analyzing these data. In general, the use of a significantly oversized math model in the identification process was found to maintain or increase identification accuracy and to identify modes of low response level that are not identified with smaller math model sizes. The concept of a Mode Shape Correlation Constant is introduced for use when more than one identification analysis of the same structure are conducted. This constant quantifies the degree of correlation between any two sets of complex mode shapes identified using different excitation conditions, different user-selectable algorithm constants, or overlapping sets of measurements.
Protein unfolding by SDS: the microscopic mechanisms and the properties of the SDS-protein assembly.

The effects of detergent sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) on protein structure and dynamics are fundamental to the most common laboratory technique used to separate proteins and determine their molecular weights: polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. However, the mechanism by which SDS induces protein unfolding and the microstructure of protein–SDS complexes remain largely unknown. Here, we report a detailed account of SDS-induced unfolding of two proteins—I27 domain of titin and β-amylase—obtained through all-atom molecular dynamics simulations. Both proteins were found to spontaneously unfold in the presence of SDS at boiling water temperature on the time scale of several microseconds. The protein unfolding was found to occur via two distinct mechanisms in which specific interactions of individual SDS molecules disrupt the protein's secondary structure. In the final state of the unfolding process, the proteins are found to wrap around SDS micelles in a fluid necklace-and-beads configuration, where the number and location of bound micelles changes dynamically. The global conformation of the protein was found to correlate with the number of SDS micelles bound to it, whereas the number of SDS molecules directly bound to the protein was found to define the relaxation time scale of the unfolded protein. Our microscopic characterization of SDS–protein interactions sets the stage for future refinement of SDS–enabled protein characterization methods, including protein fingerprinting and sequencing using a solid-state nanopore.
Securitisation of female asylum seekers and healthcare in detention centres in Texas

The securitisation of female asylum seekers by the US Government violates the health rights of women during their stay in family detention centres. The study's methodology relies on semi-structured interviews with directors of shelters for asylum seekers, an immigration judge, migrant rights advocates, a border patrol agent, and immigration attorneys who have represented female asylum seekers with diverse medical conditions at detention centres in Dilley and Karnes, Texas 1. The article begins with an explanation about why Central American women are fleeing to the USA. Informed by securitisation theory, the criminalisation of asylum seekers during the Trump administration between 2017 and early 2019 is analysed. The article acknowledges the diverse vulnerabilities that female detainees face in a patriarchal detention system, such as lack of care for pregnant women and sexual abuse. To conclude, alternatives to detention as a way to protect women's health rights and well-being are proposed.
Substituted ALPO-5 Zeolites as Promising O2Sorption Pump Materials: A Density Functional Theory Study

Many chemical processes depend on having an environment that is low in oxygen partial pressure (PO2 < 100 Pa); sorption pumps are a promising route to establishing that environment by either oxygen...
Abstract 15070: Micu1 Regulates Mitochondrial Cristae Structure and Function Independent of the Mitochondrial Calcium Uniporter Channel

Background: MICU1 is an EF-hand domain containing Ca2+-sensor regulating the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter channel and mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake. MICU1-null mouse and fly models display perinatal le...
IRAC & Exam-Writing Exercise for Civil Procedure

This document provides an illustration of how to teach students how to use the IRAC method of exam writing which students are typically expected to use on exams. This document provides details concerning an exercise that I have successfully used with first semester students in my Civil Procedure course that takes relatively little class time, but yields rich rewards. Faculty can adopt the exercise in its entirety, or alternatively, use the exercise as inspiration for creating their own exercise. This exercise can provide early and easy formative assessment as well as promote student collaboration since it assumes that students will work together on the exercise. Moreover, this exercise works well in-person, as well as in a solely online class.
Attitudes and Perceptions of Surgical Oncology Fellows on ACGME Accreditation and the Complex General Surgical Oncology Certification.

Background With the first qualifying examination administered September 15, 2014, complex general surgical oncology (CGSO) is now a board-certified specialty. We aimed to assess the attitudes and perceptions of current and future surgical oncology fellows regarding the recently instituted Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) accreditation.
Charmonium Spectroscopy with Antiprotons

We report on new measurements for the mass, width and branching ratios for the J/ ψ, ψ′, X c1 and X c2 .These charmonium states are formed in exclusive proton-antiproton annihilations at the Fermilab Antiproton Accumulator ring, where stochastically cooled antiprotons are brought into collision with the protons of an internal hydrogen gas jet target. The antiproton energy was precisely controlled and measured allowing for an accurate measurement of the resonance parameters.
The Ceremonial Sculptures of the Roman Gods

This study examines the visual and textual evidence for free-standing images of gods which functioned ceremonially in order to determine the distinct formats, the defining characteristics, and in which ceremony or ceremonies each type functioned.