cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Two candidate G1 polypeptides in chick embryo fibroblasts

Resting cultures of primary chick embryo cells have been labeled with 3H-leucine for the first 2 or 3 hours after feeding basal medium or basal medium supplemented with 10% dialyzed serum. The labeling patterns of the 3H-polypeptides of the soluble cell fraction have been compared by fluorography of two-dimensional gels. Large and consistent differences are seen in only three of the more than 900 spots that can visualized. This report concerns two of the three spots. The 3H contents of the two polypeptides (41,000 daltons, pI 7.1, designated 41–7.1, and 34,000 daltons, pI 6.2, designated 34–6.2) are increased by serum by about ten-fold. The highly selective effect of serum on the labeling of the two spots does not appear to be an artifact related to the extractability, solubility, or state of aggregation of the polypeptides. The radio-intensities of both polypeptides decrease markedly when the cells are labeled later than 3 hours after “shift-up”. Drugs that inhibit RNA synthesis and are known to stop the progression of the chick cells through the G1 period, camptothecin, cordycepin and 5,6-dichloro-β-D-ribofuranosylbenzimidazole, depress, with great specificity, the enhanced labeling of polypeptide 41–7.1 in the stimulated cells, and all but camptothecin have a similar action on polypeptide 34–6.2. A high level of actinomycin D (10 μg/ml), but neither a low level of the drug (0.02 μg/ml) nor 5-fluorouridine prevents the increased labeling of the two polypeptides in serum-fed cells. That 5-fluorouridine enters the chick cells and is converted to its active form is shown by the inhibition of the processing of pre-ribosomal RNA. The observations with the RNA inhibitors are at least consistent with the conclusions that the enhanced labeling of the two sports results from increased rates of synthesis of the polypeptides that depend upon mRNA production but not on the formation of ribosomal RNAs, and that the polypeptides play a role in the regulation of DNA replication in the chick cells.
II. Sir Robert Walpole, the Old Whigs and the Bishops, 1733–1736: a Study in Eighteenth-Century Parliamentary Politics

DESPITE the vast influence and patronage at his disposal, Sir Robert Walpole was compelled, on occasion, to pursue a course of action which he heartily disliked. At the time of the excise crisis in 1733, the First Minister was forced to revise his policies by pressure, not only from the opposition, but also from the radicals within the ministerial camp. The radical group, usually known as the ‘Old Whigs’, suddenly found themselves in a position to play a decisive role in parliamentary politics for the first time in more than a decade.
Non-Kramers ESEEM of integer-spin diferrous carboxylate-bridged clusters in proteins

The diferrous oxidation level of carboxylate-bridged non-heme diiron proteins is pivotal because only it reacts directly with dioxygen. In this state each ferrous ion has ST = 2. Such integer-spin, so-called “Non-Kramers” (NK) systems typically are difficult to access by paramagnetic resonance techniques, and this property has precluded the application of ENDOR and ESEEM spectroscopies to this state. Integer-spin systems frequently exhibit a ground state “Non-Kramers doublet”, however, which is split in zero applied field by an energy within the microwave range, thus rendering the center EPR active. Recently, we showed that ENDOR and ESEEM spectroscopies also can be applied to NK doublets, in preliminary measurements on diferrous methane monoxygenase hydroxylases (MMOHred) Methylococcus capsulatus (Bath) and Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b and azido-hemerythrin (N3Hrred) (Hoffman, B. M.; Sturgeon, B. E.; Doan, P. E.; DeRose, V. J.; Liu, K. E.; Lippard, S. J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 6023−6024). Buildi...
Verification of lung attenuator positioning before total body irradiation using an electronic portal imaging device

Abstract Purpose : We report the first clinical experience with an electronic portal imaging device for lung attenuator positioning before delivery of total body irradiation. We demonstrate a technique for lung attenuator placement which reduces the dose to the patient during setup, reduces the patient setup time, and increases the accuracy of lung attenuator positioning. Methods and Materials : Patients are treated with total body irradiation using a dedicated dual source irradiation facility prior to receiving bone marrow transplantation. The dose rate to the patient's midline is limited to 0.10 Gy/min, and partial transmission lung blocks are used to minimize radiation induced pneumonitis while delivering adequate dose to the regions under the blocks. Lung blocks are placed on the patient's back and chest wall, and portal images are used to verify proper block placement before the remaining treatment dose is delivered. Results : We report the use of a liquid ionization chamber matrix electronic portal imaging device for imaging total body irradiation patient setups. Conclusion : The dose to the patient using the EPID for portal imaging is a factor of 7.5 lower than that needed for film. Image quality is superior to that of film due to digital processing. Since less time and dose are needed for imaging, it is demonstrated that better and more efficient final placement of the lung blocks can be achieved.
Ubiquitous command and control

Advances the concept of ubiquitous command and control. It further contends that the concept is representative of the command and control systems we will have in the 2020s and 2030s.
Profiles of motivations for alcohol use and sexual behavior among first-year university students.

Abstract The links between motivations for alcohol use and for sexual behaviors are not well understood. Latent profile analysis was used to identify drinking motivational profiles (based on motivations for: fun/social, relaxation/coping, image, sex; motivations against: physical, behavioral) and sex motivational profiles (motivations for: enhancement, intimacy, coping; motivations against: not ready, health, values) among college students (N = 227, 51% male). Latent profiles for drinking were: low for/high against drinking (34%), average drinking motives (53%), and high for/low against drinking (13%). Profiles for sex were: low for/high against sex (35%), high for/low against sex (42%), and high for with coping/moderate against sex (23%). Motivational profiles were related across behaviors. Drinking motivational profiles were associated with alcohol use and psychosocial adjustment; sex motivational profiles were associated with sexual experiences. Distinct profiles of motivations support the need for differentiated intervention programs targeting individuals with different patterns of reasons for engaging in risk behaviors during late adolescence.
Simultaneous Effects of Thyroid and Adrenal Inhibitors on Maternal-Fetal Endocrine Interrelations in the Rat

Functional alterations in the pituitary-thyroid and adrenocortical systems of mother and newborn were studied after treatment of pregnant rats (last 7–10 days of gestation) with chemical agents known to influence thyroid and adrenal gland function. Amphenone treatment (25–30 rag, sc, twice daily, 10 days) resulted in adrenal and thyroid gland hypertrophy and augmentation of 131I uptake by the latter. With shorter treatment, radioiodine uptakes by the enlarged thyroids were decreased and corticosteroid levels in plasma and adrenal were depressed. Effects on the fetal pituitarythyroid system were marked. Newborn from Amphenone-treated mothers showed enlarged thyroids (3-fold) with sharply decreased 131I uptake. Fetal goitrogenesis was associated with pituitary enlargement but adrenal hypertrophy in newborn was only of moderate degree and was not accompanied by significant change in adrenocorticosteroid content. Plasma and pituitary TSH levels in goitrous newborn were increased 200–300%. Conjoint administrat...
Immunochemical methods for identification of Babesia bovis antigens expressed on the erythrocyte surface.

Intraerythrocytic parasites, such as Babesia bovis, modify the erythrocyte plasma membrane structurally, antigenically, and functionally. For such parasites the infected erythrocyte surface also is thought to be a primary site for interaction with the host immune system. These properties demand characterization of the various alterations to understand the overall host-parasite interaction, immunity to disease or infection, and bases for parasite persistence. A paucity of adequate methods exists for characterization of parasite-derived components of the parasitized erythrocyte surface. To facilitate such studies we developed or modified several techniques to detect, identify, and localize parasite-induced alterations on the B. bovis-infected erythrocyte surface. These methods, which we present here, should be adaptable to a variety of intraerythrocytic parasite-host combinations.
Charms and Prayers in Medieval Medical Theory and Practice

Although it is well-known that charms and prayers were employed as healing therapies during the medieval period, it has generally been assumed that these practices were mostly confined to folk practitioners, herbalists, midwives, or other 'lay' practitioners, who might resort to 'magical cures'. In contrast, this article calls attention to the charms and prayers recorded by four medical writers with academic credentials, Gilbertus Anglicus, John Gaddesden, John Arderne, and Thomas Fayreford. It locates the rationale for the inclusion of verbal therapy as acceptable forms of experimenta and empirica within the scholastic medical discourse of the period. Complex and widely-ranging attitudes toward such cures are found in the works of medieval authorities. Finally, the article surveys the charms and prayers found in Gilbertus, Gaddesden, Arderne, and Fayreford, with a view to describing the genre, considering the types of medical conditions for which they are prescribed, and identifying motifs employed in the formulae. An appendix lists the verbal cures found in these four writers, indicates whether each contains a charm, prayer, or other ritual, and notes the motifs utilized for each one.
Laser anemometry measurements of pulsatile flow past aortic valve prostheses

Experimental results are presented on physiological pulsatile flow past caged ball and tilting disc aortic valve prostheses mounted in an axisymmetric chamber incorporated in a mock circulatory system. The measurements of velocity profiles and turbulent normal stresses during several times in a cardiac cycle were obtained using laser-Doppler anemometry. Our results show that with increased angle of opening for the tilting disc valves, a large but locally confined vortex is observed along the wall in the minor flow region throughout most of the cardiac cycle. The turbulent normal stresses measured downstream to the tilting disc in the minor flow region parallel to the tilt axis were found to be larger than those measured downstream to the caged ball valves. Comparison of measurements with steady flow at flow rates comparable to peak pulsatile flow rate show that the turbulent normal stresses are larger by a factor of two in pulsatile flow with a frequency of 1.2 Hz.
The impact of normative social influence and cohesiveness on task perceptions and attitudes: A social information processing approach

This study investigated the effects of normative social influence and group cohesiveness on job incumbents' perceptions of their jobs and satisfaction with various facets of their work. The argument developed was that the intensity or approval attached to a norm-regulated behaviour (Jackson, 1966, 1975) and the cohesiveness which characterized one's attachment to a work group would have social information processing (SIP) effects analogous to saliency and consistency as proposed by Salancik & Pfeffer (1978). Results, using data collected from 79 subjects holding the same job in 21 work groups, showed both direct and interactive effects of normative influence and cohesiveness on perceptions and satisfaction. These findings are interpreted as consistent with an SIP view of jobs and extend previous studies that have focused solely on the effects of informational social influence.
Structure of sequential tests minimizing an expected sample size

The testing problem is to decide on the basis of repeated independent observations which of the probability densitiesf andg is true. Given upper bounds on the probabilities of error, the object is to minimize the expected sample size if the densityp is true (allowed to differ fromf andg). A characterization of the structure of optimal tests is obtained which is particularly informative in the case wheref,g, andp belong to a Koopman-Darmois family. Ifp=f org, then the optimal tests are sequential probability ratio tests (SPRT's) and a new proof of the well-known optimality property of these tests is obtained as a corollary.
Ab initio molecular orbital study of energies and conformers of 3,4-dihydro-1,2-dithiin, 3,6-dihydro-1,2-dithiin, 4H-1,3-dithiin, and 2,3-dihydro-1,4-dithiin

Optimized geometries and energies for 3,4-dihydro-1,2-dithiin (1), 3,6-dihydro-1,2-dithiin (2), 4H-1,3-dithiin (3), and 2,3-dihydro-1,4-dithiin (4) were calculated using ab initio 6-31G* and MP2/6-31G*//6-31G* methods. At the MP2/6-31G*//6-31G* level, the half-chair conformer of 4 is more stable than those of 1, 2, and 3 by 2.5, 3.5, and 3.6 kcal/mol, respectively. The half-chair conformers of 1, 2, 3, and 4 are 2.9, 7.1, 2.0, and 5.6 kcal/mol, respectively, more stable than their boat conformers. The calculated half-chair structures of 1–4 are compared with the calculated chair conformer of cyclohexane and the half-chair structures for cyclohexene, 3,4-dihydro-1,2-dioxin (5), 3,6-dihydro-1,2-dioxin (6), 4H-1,3-dioxin (7), and 2,3-dihydro-1,4-dioxin (8). © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Comput Chem 19: 1064–1071, 1998
A method for automatic identification of peaks in the presence of background and its application to spectrum analysis

Abstract A computer method is described that permits automatic analysis of high resolution spectra, provided that the data are stored in a way suitable for computer input (i.e., on magnetic or paper tape). The program reads the entire spectrum, locates the peaks and determines their amplitudes, centroids and widths by least squares fitting. Doublets are handled automatically.
Spectroscopy of protein monolayers: A transition in β‐lactoglobulin films

Infrared studies of the amide I band of transferred films of β-lactoglobulin-B spread on 0.5 M KC1 have been obtained via the multiple internal reflection (MIR) technique. The spectra indicate that the conformations of the films change with surface pressure. The data are consistent with a denatured molecule as the predominant species at high area per molecule and a species whose secondary structure is similar to that of the native molecule at high degree of compression. The transition may be reversed by re-expansion of the film after compression. Approximately equal amounts of native-type and denatured type spectral components are found at 6 dynes/cm at room temperature.
Effects of a directional abiotic gradient on plant community dynamics and invasion in a coastal dune system

Summary 1 Local abiotic factors are likely to play a crucial role in modifying the relative abundance of native and exotic species in plant communities. Natural gradients provide an ideal opportunity to test this hypothesis. 2 In a coastal dune system in northern California, we used comparative and experimental studies to evaluate how a wind and soil texture gradient influences the relative abundance of native and exotic plant species in this community. 3 We detected small-scale spatial variation in soil texture along a 200-m gradient from relatively sheltered to more exposed. Sand coarseness significantly increased with exposure while soil nitrate levels significantly decreased. The more extreme end of the gradient was also subject to greater wind speeds and less soil moisture. 4 The plant community consistently responded to this gradient in the 7 years censused. Species richness decreased with exposure, cover of natives decreased and cover of exotics increased at the more extreme end of the gradient. 5 A single-season wind-shelter experiment similarly shifted the balance between native and exotic species. Shelters decreased the relative density of exotic species and increased the relative density of natives regardless of position on the gradient. 6 These comparative and manipulative findings both suggest that a single factor, wind, at least partially explains the success of exotic species in a coastal dune plant community. This supports the hypothesis that local abiotic conditions can explain differences in invasibility within a plant community.
Glucocorticoid receptors in leukocytes and gill of juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch).

We demonstrated that cytosol from the gill of coho salmon (Oncorhynchas kisatch) had saturable, high affinity, low capacity binding to radiolabeled [3H]cortisol (Kd = 2.24 ± 0.28 nM, mean ± 1 SE; Nmax = 41.4 ± 7.4 fmol/mg protein) and radiolabeled [3H]triamcinolone acetonide (TA; Kd = 0.38 ± 0.03 nM, Nmax = 37.8 ± 4.9 fmol/mg protein). Similarly, TA bound to cytosolic fractions of leukocytes harvested from spleen (Kd = 0.32 ± 0.03 nM, Nmax = 8.3 ± 2.0 fmol/mg protein) and anterior kidney (Kd = 0.37 ± 0.03 nM, Nmax = 30.2 ± 5.2 fmol/mg protein) and to whole leukocytes from spleen (Kd = 0.30 ± 0.04 nM, Nmax = 445 ± 57 sites/cell) and anterior kidney (Kd = 0.40 ± 0.04 nM, Nmax = 1198 ± 180 sites/cell). The competition hierarchies of steroid competitors were the same for both ligands and all tissues (TA > cortisol > 17α-hydroxyprogesterone > cortisone > aldosterone > testosterone). The differences in ligand binding in leukocytes from spleen and anterior kidney are consistent with previously reported organ-dependent sensitivity of leukocytes to cortisol.
Classification of concrete damage caused by chemical attack

The more common chemical reactions involved in the deterioration of concrete are reviewed. Physical manifestations are discussed and illustrated
Hard-Hat Detection for Construction Safety Visualization

In 2012, 775 fatalities were recorded, and many more were injured at construction sites in the United States. Of these, 415 fatalities (54%) were due to fall, slips, and trips as well as being struck by falling objects. In order to decrease fatalities at construction sites to these types of events, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) provides Fall Prevention and OSHA-10 trainings to construction workers. Moreover, safety personnel monitor whether the workers use personal protective equipment (PPE) properly. Data shows that construction fatalities have decreased by 2% annually since 1994; however, the owners still are not satisfied with this result. Various studies have shown that fall is the biggest contributor for construction fatalities. One study showed that half of the fall fatalities were because the workers either had not used PPEs or had not used them properly. In addition, studies showed that, with proper use of hard hats, the fatalities due to fall, slips, trips, and being struck by falling objects could be reduced. This study developed and tested a hard-hat detection tool that uses image-processing techniques to identify whether workers are wearing hard hats. The tool dispatches warning messages if the workers do not use hard hats.
College Environments and the Development of Talent Characteristics of colleges are related to the percentage of graduates who attain the Ph.D

A method for comparing the effectiveness of undergraduate colleges in stimulating their students to seek the Ph.D. is described. The procedure yields separate measures of productivity in the natural sciences and in the arts, humanities, and social sciences, adjusted to control differences in college talent supplies. The results suggest that the productivity measures have substantial validity, and argue for the importance of faculty behaviors in stimulating or inhibiting intellectual achievement.
Diagnesis of marine lipids in ocean sediments

Abstract Piston cores from a northwest African upwelling area, the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, and the open western Atlantic were analyzed by gas chromatography to investigate the distribution and diagenesis of fatty acids, isoprenoid alcohols, and hydrocarbons in Recent and ancient marine sediments. 14C and 234U/230Th analyses were obtained on two of these cores to provide information on the time scale of the alteration of these lipids. The recent input of anthropogenic hydrocarbons was observed in the upwelling and Mid-Atlantic Ridge cores although an unresolved complex mixture of hydrocarbons was also found over much longer time periods (≅120,000 yr). The predominant hydrocarbons in all cores were nC25, nC29, and nC31, which are believed to be continentally derived. The fatty acids and isoprenoid alcohols in the cores were of marine origin. While the concentration of biogenic hydrocarbons and the hydrocarbon/organic carbon (OC) ratios remained essentially constant down the core, the fatty acids and isoprenoid alcohols (and their ratios to OC) both decreased in concentration with depth. Unbound lipids appeared to be degraded more rapidly than bound lipids. Investigation of the stereochemistry of monounsaturated fatty acids and isoprenoid alcohols indicated that they may serve as useful indicators of source material. No conversion of cis to trans geometric fatty acid isomers was detected but the relative absence of the Δ11 positional may be correlated with the small bacterial populations in the sediments. The dominance of the RRR isomer of dihydrophytol over the SRR isomer indicated that the reduction of phytol to dihydrophytol was microbially mediated in these cores.
COMPARATIVE BEHAVIORAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL STUDIES WITH CENTRALLY ADMINISTERED KYNURENINE AND KYNURENIC ACID IN RATS

Abstract In the present study the effects of kynurenine and its metabolite kynurenic acid were compared in different behavioral and pharmacological tests. Kynurenic acid administered i.c.v. resulted in ataxia and stereotypy in a dose-dependent manner (0.025–1.6 μmol). Administration of 0.8 μmol of kynurenic acid resulted in sleeping and an approximate 25% mortality of the animals. At a dose of 1.6 μmol all of the animals died within 2–5 min from cardiorespiratory failure. One hour after lower doses of kynurenic acid the behavior of the rats appeared normal (neither stereotypy nor ataxia were observed in their familiar environemnt), but their exploratory activity (0.025–0.2 μmol) was significantly lower in a novel environment (open-field box) compared to the control group. Twenty four hours after the injection of kynurenic acid the exploratory activity of the animals did not differ from the control group. Kynurenine administered i.c.v. in equimolar doses did not result in stereotypy, ataxia, sleeping or mortality of the animals although, immediately after high doses short-lasting (1–2 min) immobility was observed. The rearing activity of the high dose kynurenine-treated animals was lower 1 h after injection, but this effect disappeared 24 h after the treatment. Post-trial injection of kynurenic acid (0.2 μmol) slightly, but not significantly, inhibited the learning ability of the rats in an active avoidance paradigm. Kynurenine administered in an equimolar dose had no effect on the speed of learning, but significantly attenuated the intertriai activity of the rats. Kynurenic acid (0.2 μmol, 0.4 μmol) did not significantly inhibit the passive avoidance latency of the animals after post-trial treamtent. These findings suggest that i.c.v. administration of kynurenic acid results in marked acute behavioral changes while equimolar doses of kynurenine had only slight behavior effects. The present experiments and earlier behavioral data suggest that the NMDA receptor complex plays a role in specific cognitive functions.
Relativistic (NN∗) wave function of the deuteron☆

Abstract The (NN ∗ ) wave function in the deuteron ground state is studied in a relativistic and three-dimensional linear, three-body formalism involving two nucleons and one pion as basic particles. The off-shell extrapolation used is unambiguously prescribed by time reversal invariance. For the NN ∗ (1520) configuration off-shell effects are found to be sizable.
Magnetism in white dwarfs

Searches have been made for the normal and quadratic Zeeman effect and broad-band circular polarization in white dwarf stars. A positive effect has been found in Grw + 70°8247 whose continuum shows both linear and circular polarization.
SC10 Education Program Welcome and Keynote Address: How to Create New Growth in a Risk-Minimizing Environment

All SC10 Conference attendees are welcome to join us as we begin the SC10 Education Program. The Education Program is designed to introduce HPC and computational tools, resources and methods to undergraduate faculty and pre-college educators. The program also assists educators in integrating HPC and computational techniques into their classrooms and research programs. During SC10 the Education Program will host a four-day intensive program that immerses participants in high-performance computing, networking, storage and analysis. The program offers guided tours of the exhibit hall, focused hands-on tutorials and birds-of-a-feather gatherings, as well as formal and informal opportunities to interact with other SC communities and exhibitors. Dr. Robert Twilley, Vice President for Research at the University of Louisiana at Lafayette, will address the topic, "Systems Ecology of the Mississippi River Delta: How Information Technology Can Reduce Risks, Enhance Resiliency, and Promote Restoration."
Paper: Measuring, modeling, and augmenting reliability of man-machine systems

This paper discusses analytical and empirical trends in dealing with human reliability. It reflects on the nature of human error and man-machine reliability, and poses some serious problems of definition which affect numerical results. Techniques for enhancing man-machine system reliability are presented.
Endpoints of Resuscitation

Despite the multiple causes of the shock state, all causes possess the common abnormality of oxygen supply not meeting tissue metabolic demands. Compensatory mechanisms may mask the severity of hypoxemia and hypoperfusion, since catecholamines and extracellular fluid shifts initially compensate for the physiologic derangements associated with patients in shock. Despite the achievement of normal physiologic parameters after resuscitation, significant metabolic acidosis may continue to be present in the tissues, as evidenced by increased lactate levels and metabolic acidosis. This review discusses the major endpoints of resuscitation in clinical use.
Effect of Cortisol on the Activity and Distribution of Two DNA-Dependent RNA Polymerases Extractable from Rat Thymus*

Thymus nuclei isolated from rats 12 hr after injection with cortisol (SO mg/kg im) contained less extractable (soluble) RNA polymerase activity than similar preparations from control animals. Sucrose gradient sedimentation of these nuclear extracts revealed two peaks of RNA polymerase activity, one having properties of nucleolar enzyme and the other having properties of nucleoplasmic enzyme. Only the latter was decreased in activity by cortisol. In contrast, the amount of soluble RNA polymerase activity found in the extranuclear compartment increased as a result of cortisol treatment; however, the increase was sufficient to account for only about one-third the nuclear decrease. (Endocrinology 90: 1388, 1972)
The Self-Consciousness Scale: A Discriminant Validity Study.

A recent Self-Consciousness Scale (SCS) measures Private and Public Self-Consciousness and Social Anxiety. The present research was intended to establish discriminant validity for the two Self-consciousness components with respect to several other variables. 105 male undergraduates completed the SCS, the Otis Test of Mental Ability, an abbreviated Edwards Personal Preference Schedule (measuring need for achievement), a Test Anxiety Questionnaire, and the EASI Temperament Survey. Private Self-consciousness did not correlate significantly with any other measure. Public Self-consciousness correlated weakly with the temperaments of Sociability and Emotionality. The Self-consciousness components of the SCS thus appear to be relatively independent of the other measures tested.
The principle of reversibility: Some problems of interpretation

In summary, the question of how to construe the procedure called reversibility cannot be given an absolute answer. No one moral interpretation of the principle is universally applicable, that is, applicable to all moral issues. The decision concerning which to apply cannot be made a priori, but only in context - that is, only when we are faced with a particular moral problem. Moreover, there appears to be no rule which would enable us to choose which version is correct in a particular case. It is a matter of judgment.
Evidence for the induction of two types of potentially lethal damage after exposure of plateau phase Chinese hamster V79 cells to gamma-rays.

The fixation ofγ-rays induced potentially damage (PLD) caused after treatment either withβ-araA or in medium made hypertonic by the addition of sodium chloride was studied in plateau phase chinese hamster V79 cells. Treatment withβ-araA was found to affect a sector of PLD, the fixation of which specifically reduced the shoulder width of the survival curve. The effect was maximized when cell survival reached levels corresponding to an exponential line, with a slope similar to the final slope of the survival curve of untreated cells. This effect was achieved by a four hour treatment withβ-araA at concentrations above 150µM. Longer treatment times or incubation at higherβ-araA concentrations did not significantly enhance the effect. Treatment in hypertonic medium, on the other hand, enhanced cell killing in a concentration dependent (NaCl-concentration) way and the survival reached values much lower than those corresponding to an exponential line. No indication for a plateau in the effect, indicating complete fixation of the sector of PLD that reacts sensitively to this treatment, was obtained. Both the slope and the shoulder width of the survival curve were affected, the slope first being increased after short treatment times (up to 10 min), followed by a decrease in the shoulder width after longer treatment times (longer than 10 min). Lesions fixed after treatment withβ-araA were repaired within four hours, whereas the repair of lesions fixed after treatment in hypertonic medium (460 mM NaCl, 30 min) appeared to be biphasic, with a fast component (completed in about one hour) correlated with a decrease in the slope and a slow component (completed in four hours) correlated with restoration of the shoulder width. Based on these results, we suggest that two types of PLD may be induced in plateau phase V79 cells after exposure toγ-rays. One, the repair of which is completed within about one hour and which affects the slope of the survival curve, and a second, the repair of which takes place in a few hours and which specifically affects the survival curve shoulder width. The termsβ-PLD andα-PLD are suggested for the first and second component, respectively.
Thiazides and thiazide-like diuretics in hypertension.

Excerpt To the editor: I agree completely with the letter by Dr. Kaplan in the May issue (1) cautioning against the use of high doses of hydrochlorothiazide/triamterene diuretic combinations: "More...
Metamorphism and plutonism in the central part of the Okanogan Range, Washington

This report is concerned with the bedrock geology of a 1,000-km 2 area in the central part of the Okanogan Range in north-central Washington. Most of the rocks underlying this area were formed under conditions of high-grade amphibolite-facies metamorphism and/or plutonism. The metamorphism, accompanied by metasomatic granitization and anatexis, occurred between Late Triassic and late Early Cretaceous time. Plutonic rocks in the area are grouped into three temporal suites: (1) an early premetamorphic suite represented by inclusions of mafic to granitic basement rock in gneisses of a trondhjemitic batholith which also is believed to have served as basement to supracrustal rocks deposited in a late Paleozoic-early Mesozoic geosyncline; (2) a synmetamorphic suite of gneisses, including both concordant and discordant intrusions; and (3) a post-metamorphic suite of massive rocks which generally are discordant. The igneous rocks range in composition from peridotitic to granitic; trondhjemites and granodiorites are most abundant. Many of these units are somewhat leucocratic for their respective compositions. Younger intrusive rocks are more felsic than older ones. After the plutonic rocks had been deroofed, probably in early Tertiary time, the eastern part of the area was covered by quartz-keratophyre flows. These flows, widely scattered diatremes, and other hypabyssal intrusives are the youngest bedrock elements. Structures generated during metamorphism and plutonism generally trend northwest and indicate lateral compression. Some younger (middle and late Tertiary?) structures followed the established northwest grain, but most formed athwart it. These structures represented a basin-and-range type block-faulting episode in the region—a period of presumed lateral extension. The strike of these fault-block structures seldom varies more than a few degrees from north.
Abstract 1017: Phosphorylation of histone H2AX at Ser139 and a new phosphorylation site Ser16 by RSK2 decreases H2AX ubiquitination and inhibits cell transformation

Proceedings: AACR 102nd Annual Meeting 2011‐‐ Apr 2‐6, 2011; Orlando, FL Histone H2AX is a histone H2A variant that is ubiquitously expressed throughout the genome. It plays a key role in the cellular response to DNA damage and has been designated as the histone guardian of the genome. H2AX deficiency decreases genomic stability and increases tumor susceptibility of normal cells and tissues. However, the role of H2AX phosphorylation in malignant transformation and cancer development is not totally clear. We found that ribosomal S6 kinase 2 (RSK2) directly phosphorylates H2AX at Ser139 and also at a newly discovered site, Ser16. EGF-induced phosphorylation of H2AX at both sites was decreased in RSK2 knockout cells. Phosphorylated RSK2 and H2AX co-localized in the nucleus following EGF treatment and the phosphorylation of H2AX by RSK2 enhanced the stability of H2AX and prevented cell transformation induced by EGF. RSK2 and DNA-PK, but not ATM or ATR, are required for EGF-induced phosphorylation of H2AX at Ser139. However, only RSK2 is required for phosphorylation of H2AX at Ser16. Phosphorylation of histone H3 was suppressed in cells expressing wildtype H2AX compared with H2AX knockout (H2AX-/-) cells. EGF-associated AP-1 transactivation activity was dramatically lower in H2AX-/- cells overexpressing wildtype H2AX compared with H2AX-/- cells expressing mutant H2AX-AA. Thus, the RSK2/H2AX signaling pathway negatively regulates the RSK2/histone H3 pathway and therefore maintains normal cell proliferation. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1017. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1017
Cisplatin-based chemotherapy of epithelial ovarian cancer.

The current International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) staging system, independent prognostic factors, and review of the Gynecologic Oncology Group (GOG) studies in epithelial ovarian carcinoma are presented. With this background, approaches using cisplatin- based regimens in ovarian carcinoma trials are outlined. A short three- course cycle of cisplatin plus cyclophosphamide is currently being compared with intraperitoneal phosphorus 32 in high- risk stage I- II patients. In optimal stage III patients, cisplatin plus cyclophosphamide without doxorubicin in a recent GOG study was as effective as all three drugs. In suboptimal stage III patients, a current dose- intensity study is comparing 100 mg/m2 cisplatin plus 1 g/m2 cyclophosphamide for four courses to the previously studied eight courses of 50 mg/m2 cisplatin and 500 mg/m2 cyclophosphamide. Trials are also under way to determine the utility of intraperitoneal cisplatin in a phase III study of optimal stage III as first- line therapy and another study is active for second- line salvage.
Short-Term Intake of Conjugated Linoleic Acid Inhibits Lipoprotein Lipase and Glucose Metabolism but Does Not Enhance Lipolysis in Mouse Adipose Tissue

Feeding diets supplemented with t10c12 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) to growing mice reduces body fat mass. The effects are evident after 1 wk and maximal by 3 wk and are accompanied by reductions in fat cell size. This may complicate direct comparisons with adipocytes from control mice. Accordingly, we investigated the early biochemical events that occur within adipocytes during the first week of CLA feeding, before changes in the size of adipocytes have occurred. Female ICR mice were fed a control diet or a diet supplemented with 0.5 g/100 g of CLA for 4 d, at which time there were no differences in body weight, fat mass or adipocyte size (except that CLA-fed mice had fewer adipocytes >90 micro m in diameter). Parametrial adipose tissue from the CLA-fed mice had significantly reduced heparin-releasable lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and intracellular LPL activities and significantly reduced glucose incorporation into CO(2), fatty acid and glycerol. There were no differences between adipose tissues from CLA-fed or control mice in the ratios of 16:0 to 16:1 and 18:0 to 18:1 fatty acids or in norepinephrine-stimulated lipolysis. Serum insulin levels in food-deprived mice, measured at 4 d and 7 wk, did not differ between groups nor did the concentration of free fatty acids in serum of food-deprived or fed mice measured at the same time points. In mice, CLA-induced inhibition of heparin-releasable LPL and glucose metabolism may be the most important early steps leading to subsequent body fat reduction. In addition, CLA does not appear to enhance lipolysis in mouse adipose tissue in vivo.
The Value of Personnel Selection: Reflections on Some Remarkable Claims

This article discusses the process of personnel selection and its reflection of 100 years of psychological application. Research on individual difference measures looked on how scores were used to determine some job performance measure. This research design produced a correlation between test scores and job performance known as a validity coefficient, and eventually became identified as a criterion-related validity study.The field of personnel selection has been transformed by the development of meta-analysis and its application to validity generalization.
Color vision and learning in the monarch butterfly, Danaus plexippus (Nymphalidae)

The monarch butterfly, Danaus plexippus, is well known for its intimate association with milkweed plants and its incredible multi-generational trans-continental migrations. However, little is known about monarch butterflies' color perception or learning ability, despite the importance of visual information to butterfly behavior in the contexts of nectar foraging, host-plant location and mate recognition. We used both theoretical and experimental approaches to address basic questions about monarch color vision and learning ability. Color space modeling based on the three known spectral classes of photoreceptors present in the eye suggests that monarchs should not be able to discriminate between long wavelength colors without making use of a dark orange lateral filtering pigment distributed heterogeneously in the eye. In the context of nectar foraging, monarchs show strong innate preferences, rapidly learn to associate colors with sugar rewards and learn non-innately preferred colors as quickly and proficiently as they do innately preferred colors. Butterflies also demonstrate asymmetric confusion between specific pairs of colors, which is likely a function of stimulus brightness. Monarchs readily learn to associate a second color with reward, and in general, learning parameters do not vary with temporal sequence of training. In addition, monarchs have true color vision; that is, they can discriminate colors on the basis of wavelength, independent of intensity. Finally, behavioral trials confirm that monarchs do make use of lateral filtering pigments to enhance long-wavelength discrimination. Our results demonstrate that monarchs are proficient and flexible color learners; these capabilities should allow them to respond rapidly to changing nectar availabilities as they travel over migratory routes, across both space and time.
Core stemness mechanisms revealed through homology

The "stemness" hypothesis states that different types of stem cells share a core set of mechanisms that regulate the shared stem cell properties of self-renewal and multi-lineage potential. Previous attempts to identify genes required for core stem cell function across stem cell types using transcriptional profiling have identified few such genes. We hypothesized that functional redundancy and tissue-specific expression of functionally redundant homologs mask common stem cell mechanisms. Using an unbiased, genome-wide computational screen of many publicly available mouse stem cell profiling experiments, we tested for shared differential expression across different stem cell types accounting for the possible tissue-specific expression of gene homologs. We found 103 evolutionarily related groups of homologous genes with reproducible, statistically significant, cell type diverse and stem cell-specific upregulation in multiple stem cell types. Shared homolog groups include previously identified self-renewal genes in the Myc, Myb, Chd and Cip/KIP families, as well as genes newly implicated in stem cell function. Our results suggest that different stem cells express distinct repertoires of genes that are functionally synonymous and point to specific examples of functional redundancy in pathways controlling cell adhesion, quiescence, and gene silencing. Genes within these homolog families are prime candidate regulators of conserved stemness mechanisms and may play critical roles as stem cell markers.
Impact of nonequilibrium between electrons and phonons on heat transfer in metallic nanoparticles suspended in dielectric media

Controlled heating of nanoparticles is a key enabling technology for various nanomanufacturing and biomedical applications. A theoretical study of energy transport in nanoparticles is conducted to elucidate the role of electron-phonon spatial nonequilibrium in heat conduction across metal-dielectric interfaces. The continuum two-temperature heat conduction model is shown to capture the apparent size dependence of the thermal interface resistance of An nanoparticle suspensions. Consideration of coupling between electrons and atomic vibrations is important in understanding energy transport in nanoscale metallic structures suspended in a dielectric medium.
The control of cell adhesion and viability by zinc oxide nanorods

The ability to control the behavior of cells that interact with implanted biomaterials is desirable for the success of implanted devices such as biosensors or drug delivery devices. There is a need to develop materials that can limit the adhesion and viability of cells on implanted biomaterials. In this study, we investigated the use of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods for modulating the adhesion and viability of NIH 3T3 fibroblasts, umbilical vein endothelial cells, and capillary endothelial cells. Cells adhered far less to ZnO nanorods than the corresponding ZnO flat substrate. The few cells that adhered to ZnO nanorods were rounded and not viable compared to the flat ZnO substrate. Cells were unable to assemble focal adhesions and stress fibers on nanorods. Scanning electron microscopy indicated that cells were not able to assemble lamellipodia on nanorods. Time-lapse imaging revealed that cells that initially adhered to nanorods were not able to spread. This suggests that it is the lack of initial spreading, rather than long-term exposure to ZnO that causes cell death. We conclude that ZnO nanorods are potentially useful as an adhesion-resistant biomaterial capable of reducing viability in anchorage-dependent cells.
Real or Not Real: The Hunger Games as Transmediated Religion

Abstract: Transmedia is a powerful mode of mediated storytelling. Resembling the mythic imaginaries of Jewish mysticism and Christian Gnosticism, transmedia encourages fans to perform their desire for wholeness and ultimate reality. The Hunger Games franchise does religious work of shaping desire for wholeness through fan culture by promising fans they can overcome fragmentation and experience reintegration. Cultural analyses of transmedia franchises have yet to look at the mythic pattern of fragmentation, negotiation, and reunification of self through transmedia and fan-based activities. What makes The Hunger Games distinctive is how it functions as a transmediated world and also exposes the necessity of negotiation with media to recognize the difference between artifice and reality. I conclude that The Hunger Games eschews both the singular reality of modernity and the fluid realities of postmodernity, instead advocating for a persistently critical perspective of all kinds of constructed worlds and all ...
Limitations imposed by single DOF actuators on discrete actuator arrays

The modular distributed manipulator system is an array of actuators that is capable of manipulating objects in the plane. Each actuator in the array consists of two closely spaced, orthogonally mounted motorized roller wheels whose combined action approximates a programmable vector force. The paper first derives the equations of motion for transported objects by explicitly considering the traction force from each wheel of the actuator. This contrasts with prior work, which assumed an ideal single point of contact for each actuator. A translational velocity field is developed based on these dynamics and is compared with a discrete elliptic field derived. Errors in translational dynamics under an elliptic velocity field are discussed. The paper then presents simulation results that demonstrate some of the difficulties encountered when using non-ideal actuators.
A new prime factor FFT algorithm

This paper presents an approach to calculating the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) using a prime factor algorithm (PFA). A very simple indexing scheme is employed that results in a flexible, modular program that very efficiently calculates the DFT in-place. A modification of this indexing scheme gives a new algorithm with the output both in-place and in-order at a slight cost in flexibility. This means only 2N data storage is needed for a length N complex FFT and no unscrambling is necessary. The basic part of a FORTRAN program is given. A speed comparison shows the new algorithm to be faster than both the Cooley-Tukey and the nested Winograd algorithms.