cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Psychology of the Contemplative State

Clive Bell’s term’ significant form’ affects one with a sense of much having been said and little understood. ‘Form’ clearly refers to unity and other objective conditions of the work. These have been discussed. But what, exactly, can be meant by ‘significance’? The significant form is evidently an object or is embodied in an object which is well organized in a formal sense and which possesses in addition a certain je ne sais quoi in virtue of which it is valued intrinsically … I do not mean that Clive Bell left his readers with a je ne sais quoi) he at least made an effort to take refuge in metaphysics and explain the significance of forms as their revelation of reality … No doubt everyone has had the experience of looking at an object taken by others as an object of art but without undergoing the aesthetic experience himself. Conversely a sensitive soul may find cause for the aesthetic experience in a tin can, where others would find only annoyance. Evidently — the object being the same for all — the difference lies on the human and subjective side of the interchange. The self-significant natural symbol will have to be met with a certain state of receptivity before the relation can be established which we term aesthetic value.
Predicting the X-Ray Spectra of Stellar-mass Black Holes from Simulations

We describe results from a new technique for the prediction of complete, self-consistent X-ray spectra from three-dimensional general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic (GRMHD) simulations of black hole accretion flows. Density and cooling rate data from a harm3d GRMHD simulation are post-processed by an improved version of the Monte Carlo radiation transport code pandurata (in the corona) and the Feautrier solver PTRANSX (in the disk), with xstar subroutines. The codes are run in a sequential, iterative fashion to achieve globally energy-conserving and self-consistent radiation fields, temperature maps, and photoionization equilibria. The output is the X-ray spectrum as seen by a distant observer, including features, such as the Fe Kα emission line and corresponding K-edge absorption trough, due to disk reprocessing of coronal power. For the example cases we consider—a non-rotating 10 M(sub ⊙) black hole with solar abundances, accreting at 0.01, 0.03, 0.1, or 0.3 Eddington—we find spectra resembling actual observations of stellar-mass black holes in the soft or steep power-law state: broad thermal peaks (at 1–3 keV), steep power laws extending to high energy (Γ = 2.7–4.5), and prominent, asymmetric Fe Kα emission lines with equivalent widths in the range 40–400 eV (larger EW at lower accretion rates). By starting with simulation data, we obviate the need for parameterized descriptions of the accretion flow geometry—no a priori specification of the corona's shape or flux, or the disk temperature or density, etc., is needed. Instead, we apply the relevant physical principles to simulation output using appropriate numerical techniques; this procedure allows us to calculate inclination-dependent spectra after choosing only a small number of physically meaningful parameters: black hole mass and spin, accretion rate, and elemental abundances.
Abstract 155: Undergraduate Student Nurse ACLS Certification to Improve Practice Transition and Confidence

Abstract Summary: Simulation research is well-established for existing teaching methods in academic settings. The study introduced an in-class simulation method focused on the transformation of a s...
Model-Driven Design of Tools for Multi-Domain Systems with Loosely Coupled Metamodels

The influence of Internet of Things (IoT) and connected service-oriented systems in various application domains is increasing. Such multi-domain systems can work in collaboration to provide new functionalities. System development of different domains requires different specific tools that often lack common exchange interfaces. Common exchange interfaces between technical domains are necessary for a holistic architectural design that enables system-wide analysis, e.g. cyber-security. We propose a multi-domain metamodeling framework to create, extend and reuse metamodels of different technical domains in order to generate modeling tools for specific applications. The generated modeling tool enables analysis through all integrated domains. With loosely coupled metamodels, we are able to improve the reusability of the metamodels and manage the explicit connections using the weaving-model. This work also presents three use cases of application specific tools that can be built using the proposed framework: security analysis for industry 4.0 systems, multicore based safety systems and secure development of autonomous driving functions. The framework and a graphical editor to manage metamodel connections are implemented and used to generate modeling tools for the first two use cases. Our results show that a multi-domain system can be described precisely and analyzed across different domains with the specific generated tool.
General Motors in Belgium

This chapter chronicles GM’s history in Belgium beginning with its three small pre-World War II assembly warehouses near Antwerp’s city center. It then focuses on the American automaker’s Noorderlaan-1 and Noorderlaan-2 factories, the latter of which unexpectedly closed its doors at the Port of Antwerp’s Churchill Docks on December 15, 2010. The chapter concludes with a brief discussion of General Motors’ exiting of Europe through the sale of its Opel/Vauxhall assets to PSA Peugeot Citroen of France in 2017.
Teacher candidates’ abilities to develop universal design for learning and universal design for transition lesson plans

The current study was used to examine a universal design for learning (UDL) and universal design for transition (UDT) training intervention that was provided to 52 preservice and inservice teacher ...
Surgical repair of bicuspid aortopathy at small diameters: Clinical and institutional factors

Abstract Objective Bicuspid aortic valve is a common risk factor for thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection. Guidelines for elective ascending aortic intervention (AAI) in bicuspid aortic valve are derived from limited evidence, and the extent of practice variation due to patient and provider characteristics is unknown. Using data from 2 large cardiovascular registries, we investigated factors that influence decisions for AAI. Methods All bicuspid aortic valve cases with known aortic diameters and surgical status were included. We used multivariable logistic regression to profile predictors of isolated aortic valve replacement (AVR) or AVR+AAI, stratified by patient characteristics, surgical indications, and institution. Results We studied 2861 subjects at 18 institutions from 1996 to 2015. The median aortic diameter of patients who underwent AVR+AAI varied widely across institutions (39-52 mm). Aortic diameters were Conclusions Clinical and institutional factors influence the timing of AAI and are associated with significant variability in ascending aortic diameter at AAI across institutions. More than one third of patients with a bicuspid aortic valve undergo AAI at aortic diameters
National Assimilation or Differentiation

Situations favorable to ethnic assimilation or differentiation often have been produced by the acts of persons who neither foresaw nor desired any such results. Migrations were undertaken for economic, political, or military reasons; employers recruited labor; speculators sought and found buyers for their land; generals sought soldiers; landowners wished to enhance the value of their holdings by promoting industries or mining operations, and by teaching new skills to the serfs or tenants on their estates.
Ionic conductivity and thermal stability of lithium salt / potassium bifluoride electrolytes for thermal batteries

Abstract The incorporation of potassium bifluoride (KF–HF) as an additive to the lithium-halide electrolyte for thermal batteries was investigated. Different mixtures of lithium fluoride, lithium chloride and lithium sulfide with KF-HF were studied using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. The results from these tests were combined to obtain a better understanding of the relationship between ionic conductivity, melting point, and electrolyte composition. The results indicated that it is feasible to maintain a relatively high ionic conductivity at temperatures lower (250–300 °C) than current thermal battery electrolytes (400–550 °C). Mixtures of lithium fluoride and potassium bifluoride provided the best ionic conductivity at 260 °C. The effect of mixing these lithium halides on the thermal decomposition of the KF-HF was also investigated. It was observed that it can increase decomposition temperature by up to 15 °C while at the same time reduce the melting point of the mixture and increase the ionic conductivity.
Dual-Wavelength Interferometric Measurement of Electrically Exploded Aluminum and Copper Wires in Low-Pressure Air for Electron and Ion Density Calculation

Electron and atomic densities of Cu and Al plasmas in low-pressure air are studied using the recently reported dual-wavelength (1064 and 532 nm) interferometric diagnostic. The electrical explosion of a 99.999% pure, straight wire forms cylindrical plasma volumes within a low-pressure air chamber, and the probing lasers’ interferometry patterns are simultaneously recorded at prescribed times after wire explosion. The measurements are performed repeatedly from 50 to 1200 ns in 50-ns increments allowing the calculation of electron and ion densities and the observation of the plasma’s expansion and dissipation. The densities are calculated from fringe line analysis using a signal-processing-based algorithm that automatically extracts the fringe ratio. Finally, the maximum average volumetric electron and ion densities are calculated. The results of atomic density agree with past reports but are two orders greater than electron density, which suggests that full ionization is unattained.
Introduction to the Special Issue: Popular Culture, Social Equity, and Public Administration

Popular culture. It is everywhere—from movies, television, music, and literary works to other vehicles for messaging like social media and celebrity influencers. Popular culture frequently provides...
Warning Light Flash Frequency as a Method for Visual Communication to Drivers

Service vehicles use flashing warning lights to indicate their presence to approaching drivers. Present standards offer ranges of flash frequencies to enhance conspicuity and avoid potential risks ...
Informational effects of regulation FD: evidence from rating agencies

Abstract Regulation Fair Disclosure, implemented on October 23, 2000, prohibits U.S. public companies from making selective, nonpublic disclosures to favored investment professionals. Regulation Fair Disclosure has a number of exclusions, however, including disclosure of nonpublic information to credit rating agencies. As a result, credit analysts at rating agencies have access to confidential information that is no longer made available to equity analysts, potentially increasing the information content of credit ratings. We examine the effect of credit rating changes on stock prices and find that the informational effect of downgrades and upgrades is much greater in the post-FD period.
Evidence of Resilience in Kidney Donors: A New York Statewide Cohort Analysis.

INTRODUCTION Donor nephrectomy (DN) is a procedure performed to provide recipients with a kidney to treat end-stage renal disease. The following analysis evaluated depression diagnosis in DN patients compared to controls. METHODS DN patients and matched controls were identified between 2000 and 2009 from the Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System database. Cohorts were tracked for depression incidence. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine independent predictors of a postoperative depression diagnosis. RESULTS The total study cohort included 2108 DN cases and 2108 controls. In both donors and controls, the baseline rate of depression was 0.95% (n = 20). The 5-year incidence of depression diagnosis after exposure increased in both cohorts (donors: 2.5%, n = 53; controls: 7.2%, n = 152; P < .001). The 5-year relative risk for developing depression was 2.65 (CI 1.59-4.42, P = .0002) in donors and 7.60 (CI 4.79-12.07, P < .001) in controls. On multivariable regression, being a donor was associated with reduced risk of developing postoperative depression (OR = 0.322, CI 0.233-0.445, P < .001), and the greatest risk factor for postoperative depression was a prior depressive diagnosis (OR = 7.811, CI 3.814-15.997, P < .001). CONCLUSION Our analysis shows that the strongest risk factor for depression was a prior diagnosis of depression. However, willingness to undergo donor nephrectomy is associated with less subsequent depression than the control population, suggesting that kidney donors may be a more resilient cohort.
Pathway-based approach reveals differential sensitivity of glioblastoma to E2F1 inhibition

Targeting glioblastoma (GBM) based on molecular subtyping have not yet translated into successful therapies. Here, we used gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) to conduct an unsupervised clustering analysis to condense the gene expression data from bulk patient samples and patient-derived gliomasphere lines into new gene lists. We then identified key molecular pathways differentially regulated between tumors. These gene lists associated not only with cell cycle and stemness signatures, but also with cell-type specific markers and different cellular states of GBM. We identified the transcription factor E2F1 as a key regulator of tumor cell proliferation and self-renewal in only the subset of proliferating gliomasphere cultures predicted to be E2F1-activated and validated its functional significance in tumor formation capacity. E2F1 inhibition also sensitized E2F1-activated gliomasphere cultures to radiation treatment. Our findings indicate that a pathway-based approach can be leveraged to deconstruct inter-tumoral heterogeneity and uncover key therapeutic vulnerabilities for targeting GBM.
Restless Bandits with Many Arms: Beating the Central Limit Theorem.

We consider finite-horizon restless bandits with multiple pulls per period, which play an important role in recommender systems, active learning, revenue management, and many other areas. While an optimal policy can be computed, in principle, using dynamic programming, the computation required scales exponentially in the number of arms $N$. Thus, there is substantial value in understanding the performance of index policies and other policies that can be computed efficiently for large $N$. We study the growth of the optimality gap, i.e., the loss in expected performance compared to an optimal policy, for such policies in a classical asymptotic regime proposed by Whittle in which $N$ grows while holding constant the fraction of arms that can be pulled per period. Intuition from the Central Limit Theorem and the tightest previous theoretical bounds suggest that this optimality gap should grow like $O(\sqrt{N})$. Surprisingly, we show that it is possible to outperform this bound. We characterize a non-degeneracy condition and a wide class of novel practically-computable policies, called fluid-priority policies, in which the optimality gap is $O(1)$. These include most widely-used index policies. When this non-degeneracy condition does not hold, we show that fluid-priority policies nevertheless have an optimality gap that is $O(\sqrt{N})$, significantly generalizing the class of policies for which convergence rates are known. We demonstrate that fluid-priority policies offer state-of-the-art performance on a collection of restless bandit problems in numerical experiments.
The Health-Oriented Transportation Model: Estimating the health benefits of active transportation

Abstract Introduction Overdependence on gasoline-powered personal automobiles in industrialized urban settings has resulted in transportation behaviour that is detrimental to public health. Risk not only stems from an increase in air pollution, but also, and more significantly for wealthy nations, from a reduction in physical activity. Tools and models that demonstrate the magnitude of the health benefits of physical activity are needed to inform policies addressing the epidemic of physical inactivity and to help promote environmentally sustainable cities. Methods The Health-Oriented Transportation (HOT) model is a transparent and easily accessible tool that allows users to assess the current and potential health benefits of active transportation (walking or cycling) using data from a one-day travel survey. As a case-study, we apply the HOT model to the population of London, England, using the London Travel Demand Survey. Results We estimate that in the 2016 adult population of London, 1,618 and 2,720 deaths were averted in the inner and outer boroughs, respectively, due to transportation-related physical activity; an additional 364 and 946 deaths are potentially averted if the proportion of the adult population that walked or cycled at least weekly from 80% and 73% to 100% in the inner and outer boroughs, respectively. A 50% increase in walking/cycling mode share among active travellers would result in a 2.5% reduction in premature deaths in the adult population of London. Conclusions Estimating the potentially large health benefits arising from active transportation in an urban setting can provide key public health information for urban planners and local officials, informing investments in infrastructure and critical public health programs.
Diffusive uptake rates for passive air sampling: Application to volatile organic compound exposure during FIREX-AQ campaign.

Abstract Passive (diffusive) sampling using sorbents is an economical and versatile method of measuring pollutants in air, including volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Diffusive uptake rates (UTRs) are needed for each analyte to obtain average concentrations during a specific passive sampling time duration. Here, a simultaneous active/diffusive ambient air sampling technique on Tenax®TA was employed to measure 24-hours, 7, 14 and 28-days UTRs of up to 27 VOCs, including benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes (BTEX), C6–C12 hydrocarbons, benzenes derivatives, tetrachloroethylene, pinenes and limonene. Samples were analyzed via thermal desorption-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (TD-GC-MS) for desired analytes. Seven-day UTR values ranged from 0.17 to 0.59 mL/min and many compounds exhibited a linear relationship with UTR and time duration up to 14 or 28 days. This may be the most comprehensive UTR tabulation of VOCs on Tenax®TA for time periods of 24 hours –28 days available. These rates were applied to VOC data measured during the 2019 NASA/NOAA Fire Influence on Regional to Global Environments and Air Quality (FIREX-AQ) campaign, with goals to determine the chemical composition of western US wildfire smoke and to assess human exposure to air toxics. Summer 2019 exposure levels of BTEX at five Northwestern cities were low and the cancer risk due to benzene was assessed during FIREX-AQ to be background or 1 × 10−6. The UTRs derived here can be useful in applications of diffusive sampling, including estimation of sub-chronic to chronic human exposure risk of air toxics and wildfire smoke.
Factors related to youth self-efficacy for injury prevention bicycle skills.

Abstract Introduction: Bicycle riding is a common activity for children, but they are prone to bicycle-related injuries. It is well-established that injury prevention measures such as wearing a helmet and correctly riding a bicycle can reduce the severity of an injury and the likelihood of having an accident. However, how to increase bicycle injury prevention behaviors among children, who collectively fail to engage in injury prevention behaviors, is less well understood. Self-efficacy is consistently predictive of injury prevention behavior, making it an important approach to understanding injury prevention skills among this key population. The objective of this study was to explore and identify factors internal to the child as well as factors about his or her environment that predict a child’s self-efficacy for injury prevention skills. Method: Two generalized linear mixed effects models were created from survey data collected from elementary school students (n = 2,255) as part of a school-based bicycle education program. Models focused on self-efficacy for riding a bicycle and self-efficacy for wearing a helmet correctly. Results: In both models, road safety knowledge, opportunity for skill building through owning appropriate equipment (a bicycle or helmet), and situation through perception of neighborhood safety were predictive. The analyses reveal these variables as key factors for greater confidence, with feeling safe riding in the neighborhood, in particular, emerging as highly predictive of self-efficacy for injury prevention skills. Conclusions: These findings highlight the interplay of individual and environmental factors within confidence for injury prevention behavior. Given self-efficacy’s strong relationship to prevention behavior, these findings indicate actionable strategies. Practical Applications: The key factors highlighted in this study can be used by policymakers to target specific areas (e.g., neighborhood safety) to promote self-efficacy and thus improve injury prevention. These factors can also inform strategies for establishing safety skills in bicycle-safety education programs.
On fibers of the toric resolution of the extended Prym map

We study the minimal toric resolution of the extended Prym map. We describe the blowup at certain singular points of the indeterminacy locus of the extended.Prym map.
A mechanical equation of state for brittle rock: Part II—The prefailure initiation behavior of brittle rock

Abstract Results are presented of a theoretical and experimental study of the mechanical behavior of brittle rock within the pre-failure initiation region. The pre-failure initiation region includes regions I and II behavior and is defined to represent the behavior of rock where no noticeable crack growth has occured within the rock; that is, where there is no measurable deviation of the stress-volumetric strain curve from linearity during region II. Thus, we consider only the influence of open and closed cracks initially present within the rock on the overall behavior of the rock. It is shown that the constitutive relationships of brittle rock in the pre-failure initiation region can be described by six equations relating the three pricipal stresses and principal strains resulting from closure of open cracks (‘op’ deformation mode) and frictional sliding along suitably orientated closed cracks (‘cls’ deformation mode). Experimental data for Westerly granite deformed under uniaxial, triaxial, and biaxial loading is used to check the theoretical model. The results of these tests indicate that for engineering purposes, the behavior of rock under multiaxial loading can be predicted accurately once the behavior of the rock under uniaxial and triaxial loading has been determined. Interpretation of these results further suggests that a continuum approach to predicting the mechanical behavior of rock may be justified.
Mapping of the gene for a major penicillin-binding protein to a genetically conserved region of the Bacillus subtilis chromosome and conservation of the protein among related species of Bacillus.

Abstract Penicillin-binding protein 5 is the most abundant penicillin-binding protein in the vegetative membranes of Bacillus subtilis and accounts for 95% of the D,D-carboxypeptidase activity of the cell. The structural gene for penicillin-binding protein 5 was mapped to a genetically conserved region near guaB at 0 degrees on the B. subtilis chromosome, and immunoassays revealed that there is conservation of this major penicillin-binding protein among related species.
The Civil Jury in America: Improving the Jury's Understanding of a Case

In this Article, the author reminds the reader of the importance and role ofthe civiljury, and discusses ways that courts and litigants can improve the effectiveness of civiljury trials. The author suggests the implementation of strategies that increase a juror's understanding of the facts and law of the case.
A Boundary Condition Capturing Method for Multiphase Incompressible Flow

In l6r, the Ghost Fluid Method (GFM) was developed to capture the boundary conditions at a contact discontinuity in the inviscid compressible Euler equations. In l11r, related techniques were used to develop a boundary condition capturing approach for the variable coefficient Poisson equation on domains with an embedded interface. In this paper, these new numerical techniques are extended to treat multiphase incompressible flow including the effects of viscosity, surface tension and gravity. While the most notable finite difference techniques for multiphase incompressible flow involve numerical smearing of the equations near the interface, see, e.g., l19, 17, 1r, this new approach treats the interface in a sharp fashion.
Enhanced supercontinuum generation by polarization control of filamentation in molecular gases

Supercontinuum generation by filamentation in molecular gases is optimized by studying the ellipticity of the pulse polarization during the interaction with the species of the gas medium via strong field ionization and molecular alignment effects.
Glucocorticoids reciprocally regulate expression of the CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha and delta genes in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and white adipose tissue

Glucocorticoid agonists, i.e. dexamethasone or triamcinolone acetonide, rapidly induce expression of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) delta and repress expression of C/EBP alpha in fully differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Within 30 min of glucocorticoid treatment, the cellular level of C/EBP delta rises dramatically, increasing > 100-fold within 6 h. Concurrently, the level of C/EBP alpha decreases, reaching a minimum within 4 h. The dexamethasone concentration dependence and steroid specificity of these responses suggest that both processes are mediated by the glucocorticoid receptor. The reciprocal effects of dexamethasone on the steady-state levels of C/EBP alpha and C/EBP delta can be accounted for kinetically and quantitatively by changes in their mRNA levels and by the transcription rates of their respective genes. The glucocorticoid-induced changes in expression of the C/EBP isoforms are correlated with the transcriptional activation of the SCD1 gene, an adipocyte gene known to be transactivated by C/EBP isoforms. Glucocorticoids also regulate expression of the C/EBP isoforms in vivo. Within 4 h of administration of dexamethasone or triamcinolone acetonide to adult rats, expression of C/EBP delta is induced in white adipose tissue while expression of C/EBP alpha is repressed. Like the response in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, the effects of dexamethasone on C/EBP alpha in white adipose tissue are rapid and transient.
Vitamin D status of psychiatric inpatients at a community teaching hospital in the Midwest

AbstractBackground: Vitamin D deficiency is a re-emerging epidemic in North America. It is increasingly linked to the pathology of cognition and mental illness and is also common in psychiatric patients.Aims: This study was designed to determine the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among psychiatric inpatients in Kansas City, to explore the association between vitamin D status and clinical characteristics, and to identify the association of medical problems related to vitamin D deficiency in mental illness. Methods: In this descriptive study we recruited 52 psychiatric inpatients at a community teaching hospital in Kansas City between August and November 2013. A vitamin D-deficient state was defined as serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-(OH) D) level ≤ 20 ng/mL. In addition to descriptive statistics, the Student t-test and Pearson test were used in the study. Results: A total of 15 patients (28.8%) were classified as deficient, 20 patients (38.5%) had an insufficiency, 17 patients (32.7%) were categorized as...
Relation between body fat and age in 4 ethnic groups

Background: Previous studies of the relation between age and body fat reached differing conclusions concerning the question of whether body fat is lower in the elderly than in middle-aged persons. Objective: The objectives of this study were to characterize the relation between age and body fat in 4 ethnic groups and test the hypothesis that body fat is lower in the elderly than in middle-aged persons. Design: Body fat was measured in a sample of 1324 volunteers aged 20-94 y by using a 4-component model of body composition. Four ethnic groups were studied: Asians, blacks, Puerto Ricans, and whites. Regression models were developed for fat mass and fat percentage as functions of age. Results: In all but one of the groups, a highly significant curvilinear relation between age and body fat was found, indicating a peak amount of body fat in late middle age and lower amounts of body fat at younger and older ages (P < 0.001). The age at which maximum body fat was predicted in the various groups ranged from 53 to 61 y for fat mass and from 55 to 71 y for fat percentage. In Puerto Rican men there was no significant relation between age and fat mass, and the relation between age and fat percentage was linear and positively correlated. Conclusions: This study provided data on the relation between age and body fat in 4 ethnic groups and supported the hypothesis that body fat is lower in the elderly than in middle-aged persons.
Diabetes and immunity to tuberculosis.

The dual burden of tuberculosis and diabetes has attracted much attention in the past decade as diabetes prevalence has increased dramatically in countries already afflicted with a high burden of tuberculosis. The confluence of these two major diseases presents a serious threat to global public health; at the same time it also presents an opportunity to learn more about the key elements of human immunity to tuberculosis that may be relevant to the general population. Some effects of diabetes on innate and adaptive immunity which are potentially relevant to tuberculosis defense have been identified, but have yet to be verified in humans and are unlikely to fully explain the interaction of these two disease states. This review provides an update on the clinical and epidemiological features of tuberculosis in the diabetic population and relates them to recent advances in understanding the mechanistic basis of tuberculosis susceptibility and other complications of diabetes. Issues that merit further investigation, such as geographic host and pathogen differences in the diabetes/tuberculosis interaction, the role of hyperglycemia-induced epigenetic reprogramming in immune dysfunction and the impact of diabetes on lung injury and fibrosis caused by tuberculosis, are highlighted in this review.
Observation on tone “cutoff” in static test data from jet engine fans

A quiet design feature of many fan stages is a proportionment of the rotor and stator blade numbers so that blade passage tones caused by rotor‐stator flow interactions will not propagate, i.e., are “cutoff.” The anticipated reduction in tone level has been observed in some flight test data but is generally masked in static test data. This masking is attributed to inlet flow distortions, prevalent daring static testing, which generate tones by interacting with the rotor. In this study, an evaluation of distortion tone properties is used to analyze the farfield static test data for eight full‐scale jet engine fans tested at a NASA Lewis outdoor facility. The analysis involves a compensation for distortion tones of the noise propagating from the aft fan duct. The analyzed data clearly differentiate the fans which are and are not “cutoff.” The result confirms that “cutoff” is a quiet design feature which can reduce the noise of operational aircraft.
Mechanistic Studies of Azaphilic versus Carbophilic Activation by Gold(I) in the Gold/Palladium Dual-Catalyzed Rearrangement of Alkenyl Vinyl Aziridines.

A vinyl aziridine activation strategy cocatalyzed by palladium(0) and a gold(I) Lewis acid has been developed. This rearrangement installs a C–C and a C–N bond in one synthetic step to form pyrrolizidine and indolizidine products. Two proposed mechanistic roles for the gold cocatalyst were considered: (1) carbophilic gold catalysis or (2) azaphilic gold catalysis. Mechanistic studies support an azaphilic Lewis acid activation of the aziridine over a carbophilic Lewis acid activation of the alkene.
The influence of forest fragmentation and landscape pattern on American martens

1. We investigated the effects of forest fragmentation on American martens (Martes americana Rhoads) by evaluating differences in marten capture rates (excluding recaptures) in 18 study sites with different levels of fragmentation resulting from timber harvest clearcuts and natural openings. We focused on low levels of fragmentation, where forest connectivity was maintained and non-forest cover ranged from 2% to 42%. 2. Martens appeared to respond negatively to low levels of habitat fragmentation, based on the significant decrease in capture rates within the series of increasingly fragmented landscapes. Martens were nearly absent from landscapes having > 25% non-forest cover, even though forest connectivity was still present. 3. Marten capture rates were negatively correlated with increasing proximity of open areas and increasing extent of high-contrast edges. Forested landscapes appeared unsuitable for martens when the average nearest-neighbour distance between open (non-forested) patches was <100 m. In these landscapes, the proximity of open areas created strips of forest edge and eliminated nearly all forest interior. 4. Small mammal densities were significantly higher in clearcuts than in forests, but marten captures were not correlated with prey abundance or biomass associated with clearcuts. 5. Conservation efforts for the marten must consider not only the structural aspects of mature forests, but the landscape pattern in which the forest occurs. We recommend that the combination of timber harvests and natural openings comprise <25% of landscapes ≥9 km2 in size. 6. The spatial pattern of open areas is important as well, because small, dispersed openings result in less forest interior habitat than one large opening at the same percentage of fragmentation. Progressive cutting from a single patch would retain the largest amount of interior forest habitat.
Amebacidal action of cycloserine

Endamoeba histolytica wird durch Cycloserin abgetotet. Diese amobizide Wirkung wird durch Adenin und Guanin teilweise verhindert und durch Adenosin, Guanosin, Adenylsaure, Guanylsaure und 2,6-Diaminopurin vollstandig aufgehoben.
Prostaglandin H synthase-2 is induced in Syrian hamster embryo cells in response to basic fibroblast growth factor.

Abstract Metabolites of arachidonic acid and linoleic, acid can serve as regulators of the epidermal growth factor signal transduction system in Syrian hamster embryo (SHE) fibroblasts, We have now investigated the possible role of these lipids in modulating the signal transduction of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), a potent mitogen to SHE fibroblasts. The addition of bFGF (0.1 to 1.0 ng/ml) to serum-deprived SHE cells stimulated a six- to sevenfold increase in the incorporation of thymidine into DNA. Structural analysis indicated that bFGF stimulated the metabolism of exogenous and endogenous arachidonic acid to primarily PGE 2 , PGF 2α , and PGD 2 , with lesser amounts of uncharacterized prostaglandins observed. The metabolism of linoleic acid in SHE cells was not affected by bFGF. bFGF stimulated the expression of the inducible form of prostaglandin H synthase (PGHS-2) as determined by Northern analysis using murine PGHS-2 cDNA as the probe. PGHS-2 protein in the SHE cells was also increased by bFGF as determined by Western analysis using antibodies specific for PGHS-2. Levels of the constitutive (PGHS-1) enzyme and mRNA were not altered by bFGF. Preincubation of the cells with 1-2 μM dexamethasone significantly inhibited bFGF-stimulated expression of PGHS-2 protein and mRNA. Dexamethasone potently inhibited bFGF induced mitogenesis in these cells. Pretreatment of SHE cells with indomethacin inhibited bFGF-dependent mitogenesis, sis well as endogenously produced PGE 2 . The data suggests that regulation of PGHS-2 expression may be an element of the bFGF mitogenic signal transduction pathway.
Isolation of mycobacteria from tonsils, naso-pharyngeal secretions and lymph nodes in East Anglia.

Abstract Between January, 1966 and December. 1968, 1,828 specimens from persons not known or suspected to be suffering from mycobacterial disease were cultured for mycobacteria. Four cultural methods were used and incubation was continued for six months. Eight strains of M. tuberculosis were isolated from lymph nodes obtained by post-mortem examination. Mycobacteria other than M. tuberculosis were isolated from 15 (0·8 %) of the 1,828 specimens. Culture of 789 pairs of tonsils yielded 10 isolations (1·3 %), including six strains of M. xenopei which required 10 to 23 weeks of incubation before growth was visible. All the tonsillar isolations were made from the 246 specimens collected during the months of March, April and May, 4·1 % of which were positive. Strains were also isolated from three (0·3 %) of 912 nose and throat swabs, 1 (0·8 %) of 120 lymph nodes and from one of seven other tissues. The epidemiology of sensitivity to avian tuberculin in children is reviewed. The possibility is raised, and requires further study, that an environmental source of mycobacteria present predominantly during the spring months may lead to tonsillar infection and the development of skin sensitivity.
Review of "Applied Data Management by Charles T. Meadow"; 1976, John Wiley and Sons

This book belongs to the Information Sciences Series published by John Wiley and Sons which is designed to cover the various aspects of communicating, utilizing, and storing digital and graphic information. The book deals with concepts of managing the data, rather than techniques for application in data management.
Activity of Paricutin Volcano during the year 1952

Lava emission at Paricutin Volcano came to an abrupt end early on February 25, 1952, just 4 ½ days after the Volcano's ninth anniversary. Explosive activity in the crater declined just as abruptly on the same day and continued only as intermittent, weak, noiseless puffs until March 4, when all activity came to a complete halt. In the 15 months between March, 1952, and June, 1953, when this paper was written, no further activity occurred either in the crater or at the lava vents; and in the opinion of the writers, renewed eruptions are unlikely. During the Volcano's brief final period of activity early in 1952, not only lava and ash eruption, but also explosive activity continued to increase notably over the period previously described [Fries and Gutierrez, 1952b]. The trend toward increased activity had already been well established in the second half of 1951 [Fries and Gutierrez, 1952b, p. 725], when the earlier continuous decline in activity was first definitely interrupted. Rainfall for the year 1952 was also greater than that of the year before, although this increase had no close relationship to the activity of the Volcano. The cessation of all activity on March 4 provided the opportunity to check the relationship of rainfall to intensity of activity and also the validity of the ashfall records of previous years.
Electrical Equipment for Oil Field Operations

IN THE application of electricity to the work of drilling for oil and pumping the wells, many problems peculiar to the oil industry have been encountered. This paper presents some of the more interesting features of these applications, and is confined to a discussion of the duty involved and of the design of the apparatus for the purpose. Although the petroleum industry still relies largely upon engine power, strides have been made during the past ten years in the development and application of electrical apparatus, and in the extension of central station power into oil fields. Oil companies are giving an increasing amount of attention to its use.
Causality tests and observationally equivalent representations of econometric models

Abstract This article deals with the problem of observational equivalence (of alternative econometric equation systems on the same data) as a practical obstacle to econometricians' success in applying definitions of ‘causality’ by Simon (1953), Strotz and Wold (1960), and Granger (1969) to economic time-series.
Accurate analytic approximation for magnetic-field penetration into superconducting aluminum.

An analytic formula is described for fitting the magnetic field B(z) or vector potential A(z) in pure superconducting aluminum with specular scattering of electrons at the surface. The error in the fit to the vector potential as predicted by the BCS theory is less than (2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}4}$)A(0) for depths up to 10\ensuremath{\lambda} and for all temperatures below 0.9${T}_{c}$. Salient features of the BCS predictions are briefly reviewed.
Bone morphogenetic proteins signal through the transforming growth factor-β type III receptor

The bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) family, the largest subfamily of the structurally conserved transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily of growth factors, are multifunctional regulators of development, proliferation, and differentiation. The TGF-β type III receptor (TβRIII or betaglycan) is an abundant cell surface proteoglycan that has been well characterized as a TGF-β and inhibin receptor. Here we demonstrate that TβRIII functions as a BMP cell surface receptor. TβRIII directly and specifically binds to multiple members of the BMP subfamily, including BMP-2, BMP-4, BMP-7, and GDF-5, with similar kinetics and ligand binding domains as previously identified for TGF-β. TβRIII also enhances ligand binding to the BMP type I receptors, whereas short hairpin RNA-mediated silencing of endogenous TβRIII attenuates BMP-mediated Smad1 phosphorylation. Using a biologically relevant model for TβRIII function, we demonstrate that BMP-2 specifically stimulates TβRIII-mediated epithelial to mesenchymal cell transformation. The ability of TβRIII to serve as a cell surface receptor and mediate BMP, inhibin, and TGF-β signaling suggests a broader role for TβRIII in orchestrating TGF-β superfamily signaling.
Critical analysis of 2 nurse perception instruments: the Index of Work Satisfaction and the Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index.

Objectives This study provides a critical comparison and analysis of the Index of Work Satisfaction (IWS) and the Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index (PES-NWI). Background Nurses' perception of work environment is of critical importance and is linked to patient safety. Two widely accepted instruments, the IWS and the PES-NWI, are used in the process of Magnet designation. Methods This study used existing data that measured nurses' perception of work environment using the IWS and PES-NWI. Results Nurses reported a positive perception of work environment as measured by both the IWS and PES-NWI. Perception of work environment as measured by the IWS was significantly lower compared with the PES-NWI (P Conclusions Although there was conceptual overlap between the subscales of the IWS and PES-NWI, the differences in the constructs that each tool measured culminated with significant differences in overall scores.
Adsorption and decomposition of trimethylgallium on Pt(111)

Abstract The adsorption and decomposition of trimethylgallium (TMG) on Pt(111) has been studied by high-resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy (HREELS), temperature-programmed desorption (TPD), and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES). Partial decomposition (Ga-C bond cleavage) occurs during adsorption on Pt(111) at 120 K. The products are identified as CH3 and Ga(CH3)2, both bound to Pt. Upon heating, multilayer TMG desorbs at 155 K and further Ga-C cleavage within the chemisorbed TMG increases the surface methyl group concentration. Carbon-hydrogen bond breaking occurs just below 300 K and supplies H atoms for the hydrogenation of methyl groups. The methane formed desorbs promptly. Hydrogen atoms also recombine to form H2. Other than the parent, these are the only C- and H-containing species found in desorption. There is some evidence for Ga=C double bonds above 300 K. Gallium desorbs between 1000 and 1100 K, whereas residual carbon is not removed below 1200 K.
Developmental physiology of cestodes—Part VII vitamin B6 and Hymenolepis diminuta: Vitamin levels in the cestode and effects of deficiency of phosphorylase and transaminase activities

Abstract 1. 1. The specific activities of phosphorylase and glutamic pyruvic transaminase decreased as normal Hymenolepis diminuta matured in the definitive host. The decreased enzyme levels appeared to be correlated with the changes in proportions of immature, mature, and gravid proglottids. 2. 2. Phosphorylase and glutamic pyruvic transaminase levels were higher in cestodes from rats fed ad lib. than those from rats fed restricted amounts of the complete diet. 3. 3. The specific activity of phosphorylase was decreased 31 per cent in both pyridoxine limited and deficient cestodes. 4. 4. The specific activity of glutamic pyruvic transaminase decreased 66 per cent in pyridoxine limited cestodes. Addition of pyridoxal phosphate to the assay did not restore enzyme activity, suggesting that apotransaminase synthesis in H. diminuta was closely correlated to the amount of coenzyme available. 5. 5. Pyridoxal was the predominant isotel of vitamin B6 in H. diminuta. Some pyridoxamine was present, and only trace amounts of pyridoxine were found. 6. 6. The concentration of vitamin B6 was reduced 86–91 per cent in pyridoxine limited and deficient cestodes. 7. 7. The biochemical evidence of vitamin B6 deficiency in H. diminuta supported the morphological and developmental evidence that this cestode requires an exogenous source of vitamin B6.
Least Squares estimation for the multivariate weibull model of bougaard based on accelerated life test of system and component

Accelerated life testing of products quickly yields information on life. In this article, we present a simple method to incorporate the information collected from accelerated life tests of both components and (series) systems. The multivariate Weibull distribution of Hougaard is applied to model lifetimes of components. Least-squares (LS) estimators of the model parameters and their joint asymptotic distribution are derived. The effects of the dependence parameter and the proportion of the system-data to the asymptotic relative efficiencies of the LS estimators are investigated.
The Trapdoor of Community

Abstract The devolution of state authority is frequently cited as a central component of neoliberalism. Such devolution reduces the state's obligations for the welfare of its subject populations. “Community” is often invoked as a potential recipient of heightened obligations, in part because of widespread and warm associations with the term. Although much academic work tracks the logic of neoliberal projects, little interrogates the assessment of devolution by the citizens upon whom it presses obligations. I undertake this task here, drawing upon extensive qualitative data gathered from a set of diverse and contiguous neighborhoods in Seattle as part of a project examining one such exercise in devolved authority, community policing. Interviews of residents in these neighborhoods demonstrate that community is not a sturdy support for neoliberalism but rather is best analogized as a trapdoor. Residents do not envision a robust political role for community and outline a range of obstacles to localized self-g...