cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Unequally Spaced Waveguide Arrays for Silicon Nanomembrane-Based Efficient Large Angle Optical Beam Steering

In this paper, we present a design methodology for silicon nanomembrane-based phased array structures with unequally spaced elements for large angle optical beam steering. By optimizing a dielectric waveguide structure for transverse-magnetic-polarized single-mode operation at wavelength of 1.55 mum, we show that a one-stage optical phased array allows 2-D plusmn60deg and plusmn45deg optical beam scanning with minimal degradation in sidelobe level and power efficiency. The number of array elements necessary to realize the desired array performance depends on the fabrication technique, which is formulated in the presented design methodology.
Analysis of a dual-source production-inventory problem with quantity constraints

In this paper, we study a production-outsourcing problem in which the firm has two supply sources. Demands are random variables and supply/production capacity is unlimited. We discuss the problem, analyse the firm’s sourcing strategies, and compute the policies. The policies are then evaluated through extensive simulation studies that aim to provide important insights with respect to the performance under varied demand and cost parameters as well as different service level requirements of the firm.
How strong is intracanopy leaf plasticity in temperate deciduous trees

Intracanopy plasticity in tree leaf form is a major determinant of whole-plant function and potentially of forest understory ecology. However, there exists little systematic information for the full extent of intracanopy plasticity, whether it is linked with height and exposure, or its variation across species. For arboretum-grown trees of six temperate deciduous species averaging 13-18 m in height, we quantified intracanopy plasticity for 11 leaf traits across three canopy locations (basal-interior, basal-exterior, and top). Plasticity was pronounced across the canopy, and maximum likelihood analyses indicated that plasticity was primarily linked with irradiance, regardless of height. Intracanopy plasticity (the quotient of values for top and basal-interior leaves) was often similar across species and statistically indistinguishable across species for several key traits. At canopy tops, the area of individual leaves was on average 0.5-0.6 times that at basal-interior, stomatal density 1.1-1.5 times higher, sapwood cross-sectional area up to 1.7 times higher, and leaf mass per area 1.5-2.2 times higher; guard cell and stomatal pore lengths were invariant across the canopy. Species differed in intracanopy plasticity for the mass of individual leaves, leaf margin dissection, ratio of leaf to sapwood areas, and stomatal pore area per leaf area; plasticity quotients ranged only up to ≈2. Across the six species, trait plasticities were uncorrelated and independent of the magnitude of the canopy gradient in irradiance or height and of the species' light requirements for regeneration. This convergence across species indicates general optimization or constraints in development, resulting in a bounded plasticity that improves canopy performance.
Adenylate Cyclase Activity of Porcine Corpora Lutea

Adenylate cyclase of porcine luteal tissue has been studied in relation to luteal regression. The level of adenylate cyclase activity was greater in tissue obtained at Days 12 or 14 of a cycle than in tissue from Days 16 or 17. The enzyme was responsive to added LH at Days 12 or 14 of the estrous cycle, but failed to respond to LH in tissue obtained at Days 16 or 17 of a cycle. A decline in adenylate cyclase activity and loss of responsiveness to LH appear to be correlated with the onset of luteal regression.
Optimization of a wireless access network

N base stations (BSs) at fixed locations are to be connected to a subset of M possible sites for mobile switching centers (MSCs) in a cellular access network. The MSCs are, in turn, to be connected to a number of local exchanges of the public switched telephone network. Given the BS-MSC connection cost matrix, the MSC-LE connection vector, the MSC equipment cost vector, and the MSC capacity constraint vector, we formulate the network design problem as a matrix optimization problem with constraints. We introduce a simple exhaustive search algorithm to find the optimum solution matrix. We compare our algorithm to a heuristic algorithm from the literature. Both algorithms have been implemented in Matlab, and their computational efficiency compared on several examples.
Space radiation effects on materials, sponsored by ASTM committee E-10

This small volume covers information available up to about the winter of 1961 on the intensity of various types of particulate and high energy electromagnetic radiation in space beginning at the upper limits of Earth's atmosphere and extending into interplanatary reaches. Geomagnetically trapped radiation as well as galactic, and cosmic radiation is discussed. The book is concerned with the effect of space radiation on engineering materials, and herein lies its value for a significant group of radio and electronic engineers.
Quantification of clonal circulating plasma cells in relapsed multiple myeloma

The presence of clonal circulating plasma cells (cPCs) remains a marker of high-risk disease in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (MM) patients. However, its prognostic utility in MM patients with previously treated disease is unknown. We studied 647 consecutive patients with previously treated MM seen at the Mayo Clinic, Rochester who had their peripheral blood evaluated for cPCs by multi-parameter flow cytometry. Of these patients, 145 had actively relapsing disease while the remaining 502 had disease that was in a plateau and included 68 patients in complete remission (CR) and 434 patients with stable disease. Patients with actively relapsing disease were more likely to have clonal cPCs than those in a plateau (P < 0·001). None of the patients in CR had any clonal cPCs detected. Among patients whose disease was in a plateau, the presence of clonal cPCs predicted for a worse median survival (22 months vs. not reached; P = 0·004). Among actively relapsing patients, the presence of ≥100 cPCs predicted for a worse survival after flow cytometry analysis (12 months vs. 33 months; P < 0·001). Future studies are needed to determine the role of these findings in developing a risk-adapted treatment approach in MM patients with actively relapsing disease.
Pulsed Laser Heating-induced Surface Rapid Cooling and Amorphization

In this work, hybrid atomistic-macroscale simulation is conducted to explore the crystallization process of Si surface in the situation of fast melting and solidification induced by ultrafast laser heating and heat conduction. Using the environment-dependent interatomic potential, samples containing 2,880 and 11,520 Si atoms are modeled to provide accurate details for the relationship between the finial crystal structure and the parameters of laser pulses. For different pulsed lasers, amorphous layers are found to form when the laser fluence exceeds a certain critical value. An empirical correlation Ec = 448.76 × (tg)0.56 is obtained to relate this critical fluence to the laser pulse width. It is found that the final thickness of amorphous layer is related to the fluence of the laser pulse with the same full width at half maximum (FWHM). Employing laser pulses with FWHM = 6.67 ns, the formation and recrystallization processes of a 12 nm thick amorphous layer is further investigated, which may have great potential in laser manufacture techniques for Si-associated structures.
A New Species of Azygia (Trematoda: Azygiidae) from Pirate Perch, Aphredoderus sayanus (Aphredoderidae), in the Big Thicket National Preserve, Texas, U.S.A.

ABSTRACT: Azygia aphredoderi n. sp. is described from the stomach of the pirate perch Aphredoderus sayanus (Aphredoderidae) collected from the Menard Creek Corridor Unit of the Big Thicket National Preserve in Texas, U.S.A. The new species is similar to Azygia angusticauda in that the ventral sucker and gonads are placed posteriorly, characteristics that allow both species to be distinguished from all others in North America. Members of the new species are characterized by a ventral sucker that is larger than the oral sucker, small body size (<2 mm), small length-to-width ratio, and a forebody-to-hindbody ratio of nearly 1.0, all of which allow them to be distinguished from A. angusticauda.
Picloram-resistant and -susceptible yellow starthistle accessions have similar competitive ability

Abstract The relative competitive abilities of yellow starthistle accessions that are resistant (R) and susceptible (S) to picloram were compared using a replacement series experiment. With no herbicide treatment, total shoot dry weights at vegetative and early reproductive stages of plant growth were similar for the two accessions, although S plants accumulated more total shoot dry weight by the late reproductive stage, mainly as a result of a greater contribution of vegetative growth. Without herbicide, relative yield of total biomass or reproductive structures did not differ from theoretical competitive equivalence at any accession ratio, thereby indicating that interaccession interference was similar. For picloram-treated plants, R plants accumulated more total, vegetative, and reproductive dry weight than did S plants at the early and late reproductive stages, and there was no difference between S and R plants at the vegetative growth stage. Seed production by R plants was 10-fold greater than that o...
Language exposure in Catalonia: An example of indoctrinating linguistic ideology

AbstractInstitutionalized linguistic domination can affect both language practices and ideologies (Bourdieu 1977, 1991, 1997). Along these lines, this paper examines some of the results of official language policies in Catalonia during the Franco regime. Woolard (1985) claimed that the use of Spanish in public domains such as the school never succeeded in displacing Catalan as the language of legitimate authority in Barcelona. Nevertheless, the present research reveals that individuals in Barcelona who were exposed to Spanish more than Catalan in academic environments tend towards more proSpanish and less proCatalan ideologies. In a sociolinguistic investigation of speech data gathered from 58 individuals in Barcelona, quantitative analysis demonstrates that relative exposure to Catalan and Spanish is the major explanatory variable in accounting for informant to informant variation in measures of political ideology (p <.0000, R2 =.79, F = 69.17). Qualitative analysis suggests that official academic langua...
A three-dimensional, anatomically detailed foot model: a foundation for a finite element simulation and means of quantifying foot-bone position.

We generated an anatomically detailed, three-dimensional (3-D) reconstruction of a human foot from 286 computerized topographic (CT) images. For each bone, 2-D cross-sectional data were obtained and aligned to form a stacked image model. We calculated the inertial matrix of each bone from the stacked image model and used it to determine the principal axes. Relative angles between the principal axes of the bones were employed to describe the shape of the foot, i.e., the relationships between the bones of the foot. A 3-D surface model was generated from the stacked image models and a detailed 3-D mesh for each bone was created. Additionally, the representative geometry of the plantar soft tissue was obtained from the CT scans, while the geometries of the cartilage between bones were obtained from the 3-D surface bone models. This model served dual purposes: it formed the anatomical foundation for a future finite element model of the human foot and we used it to objectively quantify foot shape using the relationships between the principal axes of the foot bones.
Management of recurrent EOC: the state of the art.

Therapy for recurrent ovarian cancer is not curative, and presumed overall survival benefits of standard strategies are uncertain and often based on low-level evidence. Treatment toxicity and patient quality of life should be considered at all points during disease management.
Neutral lipid storage disease: a genetic disorder with abnormalities in the regulation of phospholipid metabolism

Neutral lipid storage disease (NLSD) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by the presence of numerous lipid droplets in virtually all tissues examined. The increased cellular triacylglycerol content results from defective recycling of triacylglycerol-derived diacylglycerol to phospholipids (Igal, R. A. and R. A. Coleman. 1996. J. Biol. Chem. 271: 16644-16651). In order to determine whether de novo glycerolipid synthesis is also altered in NLSD, we compared the ability of normal human skin fibroblasts and fibroblasts from a patient with NLSD to incorporate phospholipid precursors into cell lipids. NLSD cells had increased rates of incorporation of [14C]oleic acid and [3H]glycerol into triacylglycerol and all phospholipid species except phosphatidylethanolamine. However, the cell content of each phospholipid species was similar in control and NLSD cells, indicating a higher turnover rate in NLSD cells for phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylserine, and sphingomyelin. Labeling with [14C]choline and [14C]ethanolamine confirmed the increase in the rate of phosphatidylcholine synthesis and the decreased rate of phosphatidylethanolamine synthesis through their respective CDP pathways. The activities of the major regulatory enzymes of triacylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, and phosphatidylethanolamine biosynthesis were similar in control and NLSD cells. Taken as a whole, this study provides strong evidence for an underlying regulatory defect in NLSD that alters the rates of synthesis and degradation of the major cellular phospholipids.
NRP: When Is Oxygen Indicated?

Please read the following vignette and watch the video clip.(Figure 1) A 38-5/7-week-gestation infant is delivered through clear amniotic fluid after an uncomplicated pregnancy. Immediately after birth, the infant is nonvigorous. The infant is warmed, dried, and stimulated, and the airway is opened. At 30 seconds after birth, the provider suggests the following: Now, stop reading and watch the video. Figure 1 Click here to watch video. The nurse disagrees with this suggestion. Which of the following is the best intervention at this time? 1. Apply free-flow oxygen, monitor perioral cyanosis 2. Assess the heart rate 3. Begin bag-mask PPV with FiO2 0.21 4. Begin bag-mask PPV with FiO2 0.40 5. Begin bag-mask PPV with FiO2 1.0 Immediately after birth, the team …
Regime-based evaluation of cloudiness in CMIP5 models

The concept of cloud regimes (CRs) is used to develop a framework for evaluating the cloudiness of 12 fifth Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) models. Reference CRs come from existing global International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) weather states. The evaluation is made possible by the implementation in several CMIP5 models of the ISCCP simulator generating in each grid cell daily joint histograms of cloud optical thickness and cloud top pressure. Model performance is assessed with several metrics such as CR global cloud fraction (CF), CR relative frequency of occurrence (RFO), their product [long-term average total cloud amount (TCA)], cross-correlations of CR RFO maps, and a metric of resemblance between model and ISCCP CRs. In terms of CR global RFO, arguably the most fundamental metric, the models perform unsatisfactorily overall, except for CRs representing thick storm clouds. Because model CR CF is internally constrained by our method, RFO discrepancies yield also substantial TCA errors. Our results support previous findings that CMIP5 models underestimate cloudiness. The multi-model mean performs well in matching observed RFO maps for many CRs, but is still not the best for this or other metrics. When overall performance across all CRs is assessed, some models, despite shortcomings, apparently outperform Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer cloud observations evaluated against ISCCP like another model output. Lastly, contrasting cloud simulation performance against each model’s equilibrium climate sensitivity in order to gain insight on whether good cloud simulation pairs with particular values of this parameter, yields no clear conclusions.
Comparison of Dorsal and Buccal Approaches for Surgical Extraction of the Mandibular Canine Tooth in Cat Specimens Using Radiographic and Computed Tomographic Analysis

The purpose of this study was to compare the buccal and dorsal approaches for surgical extraction of mandibular canine teeth in the cat. Parameters evaluated included extraction time, surgical wound closure time, volume of bone loss, and incidence of complications. Both mandibular canine teeth were extracted from each of 12 feline cadaver specimens, using a different surgical approach for each side, and recording the time for extraction and closure. Computed tomography was used to measure the volume of each rostral mandible before and after extraction, and the bone lossfor each approach was computed. The mean extraction time and volume of bone loss was less for the buccal approach, but the results were not statistically significant (P = 0.22 and P = 0.32, respectively). The closure time for the dorsal approach was significantly less than for the buccal approach (P = 0.023). Total time (extraction plus closure time) was not significantly different between the approaches (P = 0.40). There were no complications associated with either approach.
Analysis of epidemic data of varicella in Yuhuatai District of Nanjing City from 2007-2011

[Objective]To dynamically understand the epidemic situation of varicella in Yuhuatai District of Nanjing City,and provide scientific evidence for developing prevention and control strategies.[Methods]The epidemic data of varicella in Yuhuatai District from 2007-2011 were analyzed.[Results] A total of 839 cases of varicella were reported from 2007-2011,with average annual incidence of 53.94/100 000.The annual incidence of the 5 years was 28.47/100 000,57.45/100 000,51.31/100 000,72.34/100 000,58.27/100 000.There were 485 male cases and 354 female cases.The incidence of 0-3 years,4-6 years,7-14 years,15-60 years was 89.73/100 000,227.72/100 000,444.41/100 000 and 23.72/100 000.Of 839 cases,35.64% were reported from December-January of the following year.Student and kindergarten children occupied 63.17% and 12.16% of total cases.[Conclusion]The incidence of varicella is relatively high in Yuhuatai District from 2007-2011.It is necessary to strengthen varicella surveillance and adopt comprehensive measures with vaccination as major.
Holodiastolic Flow Reversal at the Descending Aorta on Cardiac Magnetic Resonance is Neither Sensitive Nor Specific for Significant Aortic Regurgitation in Patients with Congenital Heart Disease

Holodiastolic flow reversal in the descending aorta on echocardiogram suggests significant aortic regurgitation. The study aim was to determine whether the presence of holodiastolic flow reversal on cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) correlates with aortic valve regurgitant fraction. We retrospectively reviewed 166 cardiac MRIs (64 % male, age 14.1 ± 9.5 years) from January 2011 to May 2012 where velocity mapping was acquired at both the aortic valve and the descending aorta at the level of the diaphragm. Descending aorta velocity maps were checked for baseline offset using a static reference region. Holodiastolic flow reversal was defined as flow reversal throughout diastole both before and after baseline correction. Significant aortic regurgitation was defined as regurgitant fraction >10 %. Aortic valve regurgitant fraction was 20 % in 15 patients (Group C). Though the aortic valve regurgitant fraction was significantly higher for patients with holodiastolic flow reversal versus those without (8.5 ± 14.2 vs. 3.8 ± 6.6 %, p = 0.02), holodiastolic flow reversal was present in 32 Group A patients (22 %). In comparison, 4 Group B patients (57 %) and 7 Group C patients (47 %) had holodiastolic flow reversal. The sensitivity (Groups B and C) was 0.5, and the specificity (Group A) was 0.78. Holodiastolic flow reversal in the descending aorta on cardiac MRI was neither sensitive nor specific for predicting significant aortic regurgitation in this study population. Holodiastolic flow reversal in the absence of significant aortic regurgitation may be a relatively common finding in patients with congenital heart disease.
Assessing the midface in Muenke syndrome: A cephalometric analysis and review of the literature.

Summary Background Max Muenke included midface hypoplasia as part of the clinical syndrome caused by the Pro250Arg FGFR3 mutation that now bears his name. Murine models have demonstrated midface hypoplasia in homozygous recessive mice only , with heterozygotes having normal midfaces; as the majority of humans with the syndrome are heterozygotes, we investigated the incidence of midface hypoplasia in our institution's clinical cohort. Methods We retrospectively reviewed all patients with a genetic and clinical diagnosis of Muenke syndrome from 1990 to 2014. Review of clinical records and photographs included skeletal Angle Class, dental occlusion, and incidence of orthognathic intervention. Cephalometric evaluation of our patients was compared to the Eastman Standard Values. Results 18 patients met inclusion criteria – 7 females and 11 males, with average follow-up of 11.2 years (1.0–23.1). Cephalometric analysis revealed an average sella-nasion-A point angle (SNA) of 82.5 (67.8–88.8) and an average sella-nasion-B point angle (SNB) of 77.9 (59.6–84.1). The SNA of our cohort was found to be significantly different from the Eastman Standards (p = 0.017); subgroup analysis revealed that this was due to the mixed dentition group which had a higher than average SNA. 12 patients were noted to be in Class I occlusion, 4 in Class II malocclusion, and 2 in Class III malocclusion. Only one patient (6%) underwent orthognathic surgery for Class III malocclusion. Conclusions While a part of the original description of Muenke syndrome, clinically significant midface hypoplasia is not a common feature. This data is important, as it allows more accurate counseling of patients and families. Level of Evidence: III
The Providence Shaper: Tragicomedy and Tragedy

The Malcontent is a strange hybrid: a revenge play with a happy ending. Not only does it eliminate the conventional bloodbath of the genre, but it waives the basic assumption of Hamlet and The Revenger’s Tragedy — that the self is severely diminished once it is absorbed into the role of revenger. Instead the play shows the deposed duke Altofront being triumphantly restored to authority through the machinations of Malevole, the role he has adopted by the time that the play opens. This drive through to a comic resolution is possible only because the two personae — Altofronto (the orthodox duke) and Malevole (the malcontent) — are kept firmly separate, even though they technically constitute one ‘person’. Any symbiosis of the two, or suggestion that Altofront’s original identity might be modified by his playing the part of this radical satirist—revenger, would risk destroying the precarious comic balance of the play.
Real time measurement of transients and electrode edge effects for plasma charging induced damage

Plasma charging behavior is monitored in-situ by a newly developed wafer charging probe. Both charging voltage measurements and damage studies show that more charging is evident near the electrode edge even without the presence of any magnetic fields. Moreover, plasma charging is seen to consist of both transient and steady state components. Both plasma turn-on and turn-off can cause short term transients due to nonuniformity by plasma initiation and termination. The steady state charging voltage is strongly affected by gas composition, pressure and rf power. >
Individual Differences in Diurnal Preference and Time-of-Exercise Interact to Predict Exercise Frequency.

Diurnal preference (and chronotype more generally) has been implicated in exercise behavior, but this relation has not been examined using objective exercise measurements nor have potential psychosocial mediators been examined. Furthermore, time-of-day often moderates diurnal preference’s influence on outcomes, and it is unknown whether time-of-exercise may influence the relation between chronotype and exercise frequency. The current study examined whether individual differences in diurnal preference (“morningness-eveningness”) predict unique variance in exercise frequency and if commonly studied psychosocial variables mediate this relation (i.e., behavioral intentions, internal exercise control, external exercise control, and conscientiousness). Moreover, the study sought to test whether individuals’ typical time-of-exercise moderated the impact of diurnal preference on exercise frequency. One hundred twelve healthy adults (mean age = 25.4; SD = 11.6 years) completed baseline demographics and then wore Fitbit Zips® for 4 weeks to objectively measure exercise frequency and typical time-of-exercise. At the end of the study, participants also self-reported recent exercise. Diurnal preference predicted both self-reported exercise and Fitbit-recorded exercise frequency. When evaluating mediators, only conscientiousness emerged as a partial mediator of the relation between diurnal preference and self-reported exercise. In addition, time-of-exercise moderated diurnal preference’s relation to both self-reported exercise and Fitbit-recorded exercise frequency such that diurnal preference predicted higher exercise frequency when exercise occurred at a time that was congruent with one’s diurnal preference. Based on these findings, diurnal preference is valuable, above and beyond other psychological constructs, in predicting exercise frequency and represents an important variable to incorporate into interventions seeking to increase exercise.
A Gradient in Synaptic Strength and Plasticity among Motoneurons Provides a Peripheral Mechanism for Locomotor Control

Summary The recruitment of motoneurons during force generation follows a general pattern that has been confirmed across diverse species [1–3]. Motoneurons are recruited systematically according to synaptic inputs and intrinsic cellular properties and corresponding to movements of different intensities. However, much less is known about the output properties of individual motoneurons and how they affect the translation of motoneuron recruitment to the strength of muscle contractions. In larval zebrafish, spinal motoneurons are recruited in a topographic gradient according to their input resistance (Rin) at different swimming strengths and speeds. Whereas dorsal, lower-Rin primary motoneurons (PMns) are only activated during behaviors that involve strong and fast body bends, more ventral, higher-Rin secondary motoneurons (SMns) are recruited during weaker and slower movements [4–6]. Here we perform in vivo paired recordings between identified spinal motoneurons and skeletal muscle cells in larval zebrafish. We characterize individual motoneuron outputs to single muscle cells and show that the strength and reliability of motoneuron outputs are inversely correlated with motoneuron Rin. During repetitive high-frequency motoneuron drive, PMn synapses undergo depression, whereas SMn synapses potentiate. We monitor muscle cell contractions elicited by single motoneurons and show that the pattern of motoneuron output strength and plasticity observed in electrophysiological recordings is reflected in muscle shortening. Our findings indicate a link between the recruitment pattern and output properties of spinal motoneurons that can together generate appropriate intensities for muscle contractions. We demonstrate that motoneuron output properties provide an additional peripheral mechanism for graded locomotor control at the neuromuscular junction.
Pancreatic Neuroendocrine with Superior Mesenteric Vein–Portal Vein Thrombus

Portal venous thrombi have been reported in a significant proportion of patients with pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNET). In this chapter we describe the technique of portal venous thrombectomy and/or reconstruction and the results in patients with PNET. Approximately 3–4% of PNET patients in large series have tumor involvement of the portal vein, and require portal venous thrombectomy to excise all tumor. Proximal and distal control of the portal vein, splenic vein, inferior mesenteric vein, and the superior mesenteric vein is done with vessel loops and vascular clamps. Any other smaller branches are ligated and divided. We give systemic heparin at a dose of 100 Units per Kg IV prior to clamping. We incise the vein and use a spatula to mobilize the thrombus. It may require excision and reconstruction of the vein wall. This can be done with a pericardial patch venoplasty, a superficial femoral vein patch, or interposition graft. After closure of the vein, the heparin is revered with protamine at 1 mg per 100 units of heparin infused. We start 81 mg per day of aspirin on postoperative day 1. Portal vein thrombectomy is either done with concomitant Whipple pancreaticoduodenectomy or subtotal pancreatectomy with splenectomy. 88% of patients are alive at 5-year follow-up. Venous tumor thrombectomy is able to effectively extract tumor from the portal vein in selected patients with locally advanced PNET during concomitant pancreatectomy.
Family Identity Disrupted by Mental Illness and Violence: An Application of Relational Dialectics Theory

ABSTRACTThis research examines how family discourse or talk about severe mental illness (SMI) creates and animates familial identity. More specifically, we sought to understand the interplay of com...
Application of modal theory of coherence for nonstationary partially coherent optical fields

Modal description of light coherence [1] in frequency domain proved to be very convenient tool for analysis of light from various stationary sources. In this work we present a review of some consequences from another variant of modal decomposition of light, fields, based on biorthogonal expansion (a variant of Karhunen-Loeve or Schmidt decomposition). Such an approach is useful for description of nonstationary waves, especially in various nonlinear processes [2, 3, 4], where the partial coherence just means a high complexity of interacting waves. Due to mathematical similarity, two modal treatments have a lot in common and can successfully use results of each other.
Temporally Coded Illumination for Rolling Shutter Motion De-blurring

Rolling shutter image sensors are increasingly used over global shutter sensors due to their lower cost and reduced size. As is well known in the computer vision community, one drawback of rolling shutter sensors is that they introduce geometric distortions, such as skew or wobble, when either the sensor or objects in the scene move. This problem has received a great deal of attention, and robust solutions are now widely available. Less well known is the fact that, when used in conjunction with active illumination (i.e., a flash), rolling shutter images are often motion blurred due to timing issues between the sensor and illuminator. We address this in the context of barcode scanning, where blur significantly limits the motion tolerance of rolling shutter-based devices. Building on past work which uses temporally-coded illumination patterns to improve the invertibility of motion blur, we modulate the illuminator in a particular temporal pattern in order to ensure that the sharp image can be recovered despite spatially-varying blur. Experimentally, we modify a commercial, off-the-shelf scanner to demonstrate an ability to correctly decode a barcode moving faster than the stated motion tolerance.
Educational Ecosystems and Charter Policy Development in the United States

Why have charter schools been embraced as an urban educational solution in many metropolitan areas, but not in others? I develop a theoretical framework whereby the “educational ecosystem” of metropolitan areas—formed through the social geography of school district boundaries and school integration plans—supplement existing perspectives, thereby aiding in the understanding of policy adoption variability. I provide an initial test to the theoretical framework through a case study of a metropolitan hub that continues to have no charter schools: Louisville, Kentucky. I demonstrate how Louisville’s particular urban educational ecosystem, which diverges from the overall national pattern of racially and socioeconomically isolated urban systems, transformed the perceptions of the urban district and shaped the battles over an otherwise nationally popular school reform.
The In Vivo Biology of the Mitochondrial Calcium Uniporter

The identification of the molecular composition of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter has allowed for the genetic manipulation of its components and the creation of various in vivo genetic models. Here, we review the initial attempts to modulate the expression of components of the calcium uniporter in a range of organisms from plants to mammals. This analysis has confirmed the strict requirement for the uniporter for in vivo mitochondrial calcium uptake and for maintaining mitochondrial calcium homeostasis. We further discuss the physiological effects following genetic manipulation of the uniporter on tissue bioenergetics and the threshold for cell death. Finally, we analyze the limited information regarding the role of various uniporter components in human disease.
DNA: An Investigation of the Three-Day Strength Guarantee Made by Magnum Nutraceuticals in Regards to their Branch Chained Amino Acid Supplement DNA

This small pilot study used a double-blinded, between subject experimental design in an attempt to investigate the claim made my Magnum Nutraceuticals in regards to their newest supplement, DNA. The manufacturer has a three-day guarantee saying that if an individual takes this supplement for three days then they will experience an increase in strength (more repetitions to their normal weight lifting regiment). Two groups (placebo and experimental) performed three different weight lifting exercises (squats, chin-ups, bench press) while lifting ½ of their body weight per manufacturer’s instructions. The groups met on two different occasions separated by three days in between. The first meeting the participants completed the three aforementioned exercises and were assigned into the placebo or intervention group. After the baseline the participants were instructed to take their pills as directed for the next three days with the third day being a repeat of the three exercises to compare with baseline. Once all 13 participants (N=7 intervention, N=6 placebo) completed the final workout, the results were scored and significant differences were noted in all three exercises after excluding the numbers from the outlier in the experimental group. There was one minor adverse effect (dyspepsia) experienced with the use of the supplement though all ingredients contained within DNA had GRAS status as designated by the FDA. It was concluded that participants taking DNA had a significant increase in strength when compared against the placebo group for squats, bench, and pull-ups. DNA was shown to be reasonably safe and may help athletes increase repetitions when training with a similar exercise regiment.
Rationalist tendencies in the translation of Slovak historiography into English

The paper investigates how dominant epistemic frames backed by the methods of materialist science appropriate a translated text, thus changing its imagery and patterns of meaning. It discusses the language / culture determinants in the process of translation and relates the findings to the tendency towards hegemony in understanding what constitutes legitimate knowledge representation. Employing the tools of the cognitive approach to translation, the analysis is based on a case study of a translation of a Slovak historical text into English. More specifically, the paper explores translation of verbs related to the historical agents and their symbols. The cognitive framework accommodating the analysis shifts the perspective to the imagery invoked, and it is shown that the original imagery is significantly reduced in the target text. The analysis tracks the reductionist processes down to schematization, or what could be called abstractification, with an effect of disengaging the reader from the scene, as well as renormalization of agency, whereby semantic relationships are conventionalized. It is argued that such reduction is not a ‘natural’ process, nor is it necessitated by the variation in the target language structure, and it ultimately serves ideological ends.
Differentiating Multiple Sclerosis from Myalgic Encephalomyelitis and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Multiple Sclerosis (MS), Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (ME), and Chronic Fatigue syndrome are debilitating chronic illnesses, with some overlapping symptoms. However, few studies have compared and contrasted symptom and disability profiles for these illnesses for the purpose of further differentiating them. The current study was an online self-report survey that compared symptoms from a sample of individuals with MS (N = 120) with a sample of individuals with ME or CFS (N = 269). Respondents completed the self-report DePaul Symptom Questionnaire. Those individuals with ME or CFS reported significantly more functional limitations and significantly more severe symptoms than those with MS. The implications of these findings are discussed.
Teaching Plagiarism Prevention to College Students: An Ethics-based Approach

Plagiarism continues to be a prevailing issue in higher education. Since plagiarism degrades the academic integrity of the institution and the field of knowledge of a discipline, it continues to be...
First-Year Internal Medicine Residents' Reflections on Nonmedical Home Visits to High-Risk Patients.

ABSTRACTProblem: Patients who are high utilizers of care often experience health-related challenges that are not readily visible in an office setting but paramount for residents to learn. A nonmedical home visit performed at the beginning of residency training may help residents better understand social underpinnings related to their patient's health and place subsequent care within the context of the patient's life. Intervention: First-year internal medicine residents completed a nonmedical home visit to an at-risk patient prior to seeing the patient in the office for his or her first medical visit. Context: We performed a thematic analysis of internal medicine interns' (n = 16) written narratives on their experience of getting to know a complex patient in his or her home prior to seeing the patient for a medical visit. Narratives were written by the residents immediately following the visit and then again at the end of the intern year, to assess for lasting impact of the intervention. Residents were fro...
When Tensions between Ideology and Practice Become Personal: Unpacking Mentorship in Early Childhood Teacher Education.

University-based teacher education programs are criticized for being too theoretical, disconnected from the everyday realities of schools. To bridge this gap, teacher education programs give studen...
Use of induced pluripotent stem cell models to probe the pathogenesis of Choroideremia and to develop a potential treatment.

Choroideremia (CHM) is a rare monogenic, X-linked recessive inherited retinal degeneration resulting from mutations in the Rab Escort Protein-1 (REP1) encoding CHM gene. The primary retinal cell type leading to CHM is unknown. In this study, we explored the utility of induced pluripotent stem cell-derived models of retinal pigmented epithelium (iPSC-RPE) to study disease pathogenesis and a potential gene-based intervention in four different genetically distinct forms of CHM. A number of abnormal cell biologic, biochemical, and physiologic functions were identified in the CHM mutant cells. We then identified a recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV) serotype, AAV7m8, that is optimal for both delivering transgenes to iPSC-RPEs as well as to appropriate target cells (RPE cells and rod photoreceptors) in the primate retina. To establish the proof of concept of AAV7m8 mediated CHM gene therapy, we developed AAV7m8.hCHM, which delivers the human CHM cDNA under control of CMV-enhanced chicken β-actin promoter (CsA). Delivery of AAV7m8.hCHM to CHM iPSC-RPEs restored protein prenylation, trafficking and phagocytosis. The results confirm that AAV-mediated delivery of the REP1-encoding gene can rescue defects in CHM iPSC-RPE regardless of the type of disease-causing mutation. The results also extend our understanding of mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of choroideremia.
Developing measures to assess constructs from the Inner Setting domain of the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research

Scientists and practitioners alike need reliable, valid measures of contextual factors that influence implementation. Yet, few existing measures demonstrate reliability or validity. To meet this need, we developed and assessed the psychometric properties of measures of several constructs within the Inner Setting domain of the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). We searched the literature for existing measures for the 7 Inner Setting domain constructs (Culture Overall, Culture Stress, Culture Effort, Implementation Climate, Learning Climate, Leadership Engagement, and Available Resources). We adapted items for the healthcare context, pilot-tested the adapted measures in 4 Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHCs), and implemented the revised measures in 78 FQHCs in the 7 states (N = 327 respondents) with a focus on colorectal cancer (CRC) screening practices. To psychometrically assess our measures, we conducted confirmatory factor analysis models (CFA; structural validity), assessed inter-item consistency (reliability), computed scale correlations (discriminant validity), and calculated inter-rater reliability and agreement (organization-level construct reliability and validity). CFAs for most constructs exhibited good model fit (CFI > 0.90, TLI > 0.90, SRMR < 0.08, RMSEA < 0.08), with almost all factor loadings exceeding 0.40. Scale reliabilities ranged from good (0.7 ≤ α < 0.9) to excellent (α ≥ 0.9). Scale correlations fell below 0.90, indicating discriminant validity. Inter-rater reliability and agreement were sufficiently high to justify measuring constructs at the clinic-level. Our findings provide psychometric evidence in support of the CFIR Inner Setting measures. Our findings also suggest the Inner Setting measures from individuals can be aggregated to represent the clinic-level. Measurement of the Inner Setting constructs can be useful in better understanding and predicting implementation in FQHCs and can be used to identify targets of strategies to accelerate and enhance implementation efforts in FQHCs.
Xylem heating increases vulnerability to cavitation in longleaf pine

Improved understanding of the physiological mechanisms of tree mortality following fires is important with the predicted increase in wildfires under climate change, as well as continued use of prescribed fire for forest management. Disruption of water transport in the xylem from exposure to the heat plume of a fire has been hypothesized as a mechanism of delayed tree mortality. This heat plume rapidly increases vapor pressure deficit in the canopy, increasing transpiration and tension on the xylem causing cavitation, thus reducing water transport and leading to eventual tree death. We aimed to increase understanding of the mechanisms behind such unintended mortality by determining whether branches and roots of longleaf pine are more vulnerable to cavitation when exposed to temperatures expected to occur during prescribed or wild fires. Additionally, we modeled expected branch cavitation under fire conditions based on measured cavitation vulnerability. We heated branch and root segments in a water bath to 41 °C and 54 °C and simulated the negative xylem water potentials experienced during exposure to a heat plume using a double-ended pressure chamber. When branches and roots were pressurized under elevated temperatures, xylem in both organs was more vulnerable to cavitation. In branches, as temperature was increased from 23 °C–54 °C, the pressure at which 50% conductivity was lost (P50) increased from −3.55 MPa to −2.79 MPa, while in roots, P50 increased from −2.08 MPa to −1.36 MPa. When the P50 values measured under elevated temperatures were included in plume and hydraulic models, branches were predicted to experience conditions leading to 50% loss of conductivity up to two meters higher into the canopy than under ambient temperatures. Overall, these results suggest that heating of branches and roots during fires can increase vulnerability to xylem cavitation, potentially leading to hydraulic disruption and delayed tree mortality.
Relationship and sexual satisfaction: a longitudinal actor–partner interdependence model approach

Research has demonstrated a strong link between relationship and sexual satisfaction in the context of romantic relationships. However, little research has examined this in the context of a dyadic ...
Creating and Capturing Value in Ecosystems: Bottlenecks and Strategies

Over the last few years, ecosystems have emerged as an important new area of research, as the likes of Google, Apple and Facebook help transform the nature of competition, linking previously separa...
Long-term Change in Lake Mendota

In the previous chapters, we have presented considerable data from studies on Lake Mendota which have been carried out across a time period of over ninety years. Lake Mendota is one of the few lakes in the world on which so much systematic work has been done over such a long period. Comparisons of modern with historic data would seem to offer an unparalleled opportunity to assess the changes which take place in a lake ecosystem over time. Although there have been a number of studies of cultural eutrophication (Edmondson, 1966, 1969, 1972), they have dealt mainly with lakes that have undergone recent degradation of a massive character. In the present case, there have been no major human-induced changes in the Lake Mendota basin over the past 90 years, although there have probably been small, gradual changes. Perhaps the most significant change in the Lake Mendota basin over this time period has been the change from a rural to an urban setting. The city of Madison has increased in population over five-fold, in area over two-fold. Fortunately, there has been little increase in domestic sewage input into Lake Mendota, although there have been major changes in inputs into the lower lakes (Sonzogni et al., 1975).
Opioid-Related Sexual Dysfunction in Men

Opioids are the cornerstone for pain treatment with significant recent increases in the number of prescriptions. Sexual dysfunction (SD) is a major side effect of opioid therapy. The goal of this review is to examine the current literature on the effects of opioids on male SD (erectile dysfunction [ED], hypogonadism, ejaculatory dysfunction) and infertility. High prevalence of SD exists in men with opioid use as compared to the general population, with an abundance of evidence suggesting an association between opioid use and ED and hypogonadism. There appears to be a role for testosterone replacement therapy for hypogonadism in men on opioid therapy. Screening for low testosterone levels is recommended in men on opioid therapy with signs and symptoms of androgen deficiency. Data on fertility, ejaculatory, and orgasmic dysfunction are limited. SD is significantly affected by opioid therapy in men. Data demonstrate the benefits of screening for SD and treatment for hypogonadism.