cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
CARM and harmonic gyro-amplifier experiments at 17 GHz

Cyclotron resonance maser amplifiers are possible sources for applications such as electron cyclotron resonance heating of fusion plasmas and driving high-gradient rf linear accelerators. For accelerator drivers, amplifiers or phase locked-oscillators are required. A 17 GHz cyclotron autoresonance maser (CARM) amplifier experiment and a 17 GHz third harmonic gyro-amplifier experiment are presently underway at the MIT plasma Fusion Center. Using the SRL/MIT SNOMAD II induction accelerator to provide a 380 kV, 180 A, 30 ns flat-top electron beam, the gyro-amplifier experiment has produced 5 MW of rf power with over 50 dB of gain at 17 GHz. The gyro-amplifier operates in the TE/sub 31/ mode using a third harmonic interaction. Because of its high power output, the gyroamplifier will be used as the rf source for a photocathode rf electron gun experiment also taking place at MIT. Preliminary gyro-amplifier results are presented, including measurement of rf power, gain versus interaction length, and the far-field pattern. A CARM experiment designed to operate in the TE/sub 11/ mode is also discussed. >
Measurements of modulus of elasticity and thermal contraction of epoxy impregnated niobium-tin and niobium-titanium composites

In the high field magnet program at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, accelerator magnet prototypes are designed with epoxy impregnated niobium-tin and niobium-titanium superconductor. Accurate mechanical property values are essential for magnet mechanical design and prediction of conductor performance. Two key mean property values are measured on coil samples: modulus of elasticity (Young's modulus) and mean thermal contraction. Measurements are made in compression and are conducted in three orthogonal directions. Modulus of elasticity measurements are conducted at room temperature and the mean thermal contraction is measured from room temperature to liquid nitrogen temperature. Room temperature values are compared with values estimated using the individual coil component.
On distributed source coding using Abelian group codes

In this paper, we consider the distributed source coding problem with a joint distortion criterion. We use random structured codes, specifically nested Abelian group codes to achieve a new inner bound to the rate-distortion region. This new inner bound unifies all other known results on the distributed source coding problem and for certain sources, this inner bound is strictly larger than other known rate regions. Furthermore, we define the notion of “nested random/group codes” in which the inner code is a group code and the outer code is a random code such that the quantization operation is a random vector quantization and the binning operation is correlated. We use random/group codes to improve upon the rate region achieved using nested group codes. We define two fundamental quantities of Abelian group codes: the “channel coding group entropy” and the “source coding group entropy” to present the achievable rate region.
V. Diet Therapy and the Improvement of Pregnancy Outcomes

There is an emerging agreement on the benefits of supplemental foods in the improvement of pregnancy outcome for women identified as being at risk of delivering a low birthweight infant because of nutritional factors. There is also an emerging recognition of the major points of the process by which such benefits might be accomplished. But in addition, experience in analyzing the results of the Montreal Diet Dispensary calls attention to several other issues that are also essential. (BIRTH 10:1, Spring 1983)
In situ and tomographic characterization of damage and dislocation processes in irradiated metallic alloys by transmission electron microscopy

Progress toward combining time-resolved experiments with periodic three-dimensional analysis of the evolved microstructural state has been made recently. In situ electron microscopy is used to observe in real time the development of irradiation defects and the influence of these defects on dislocation behavior. Three-dimensional characterization provides information on the true spatial distribution of defects and clarifies effects of the free surfaces in thin films. This quasi-four dimensional analysis approach has been applied to understand the formation of channels in irradiated alloys, the depth distribution of ion damage in an electron transparent foil, and the dislocation channel interactions with grain boundaries. The new insight obtained from these experiments is highlighted and contrasted with findings from simulations.
Methods of integrating data to uncover genotype–phenotype interactions

Recent technological advances have expanded the breadth of available omic data, from whole-genome sequencing data, to extensive transcriptomic, methylomic and metabolomic data. A key goal of analyses of these data is the identification of effective models that predict phenotypic traits and outcomes, elucidating important biomarkers and generating important insights into the genetic underpinnings of the heritability of complex traits. There is still a need for powerful and advanced analysis strategies to fully harness the utility of these comprehensive high-throughput data, identifying true associations and reducing the number of false associations. In this Review, we explore the emerging approaches for data integration - including meta-dimensional and multi-staged analyses - which aim to deepen our understanding of the role of genetics and genomics in complex outcomes. With the use and further development of these approaches, an improved understanding of the relationship between genomic variation and human phenotypes may be revealed.
Effects of the home environmental skill-building program on the caregiver-care recipient dyad: 6-month outcomes from the Philadelphia REACH Initiative.

Purpose We examine 6-month effects of the Environmental Skill-Building Program on caregiver well-being and care recipient functioning and whether effects vary by caregiver gender, race (White or non-White), and relationship (spouse or nonspouse). Design and methods We enrolled 255 family caregivers of community-residing persons with Alzheimer's disease or related disorders, of whom 190 participated in a follow-up interview. Caregivers were randomized to a usual care control group or intervention group that received five home contacts and one telephone contact by occupational therapists, who provided education, problem-solving training, and adaptive equipment. Baseline and 6-month follow-up included self-report measures of caregiver objective and subjective burden, caregiver well-being, and care recipient problem behaviors and physical function. Results Compared with controls (n = 101), intervention caregivers (n = 89) reported less upset with memory-related behaviors, less need for assistance from others, and better affect. Intervention spouses reported less upset with disruptive behaviors; men reported spending less time in daily oversight; and women reported less need for help from others, better affect, and enhanced management ability, overall well-being, and mastery relative to control group counterparts. Statistically significant treatment differences were not found for hours helping with instrumental activities of daily living, upset with providing assistance with instrumental activities of daily living and activities of daily living, perceived change in somatic symptoms, White versus non-White caregivers, or care recipient outcomes. Implications The Environmental Skill-Building Program reduces burden and enhances caregiver well-being in select domains and has added benefit for women and spouses.
Isometric force control in schizophrenic patients with tardive dyskinesia.

Force control (FC) function, considered to be a constituent component of motor output, was investigated in psychiatric patients with dyskinetic impairments. Twenty-one patients with mild-to-moderate tardive dyskinesia were compared to 25 nondyskinetic patients on an FC test for both hands and oromandibular region. Results indicate that FC impairment is readily observed in dyskinetic subjects. The FC steadiness (i.e., the ability to maintain a sustained force output) in dyskinetic and control subjects was found to be inversely proportional to the amount of force generated. This method provides an objective, simple, and precise quantification of motor impairment along a force-defined continuum. It may be useful in studying tardive dyskinesia and the effects of neuroleptic medication on motor output control.
Effect of Estrogen on the Metabolism of Cortisol and Cortisone in the Baboon Fetus at Midgestation

To determine whether the metabolism of cortisol (F) and cortisone (E) in the baboon fetus is regulated by estrogen, fetal interconversion of F/E was measured at midgestation after an experimental increase in placental estradiol (E2) production. Six baboons (Papio anubis) received increasing numbers of androstenedione implants (50 mg) inserted s.c. at 8-day intervals between Days 70 and 100 of gestation (term = Day 184) to elevate the production of estrogen; controls (N = 8) received no treatment. On Day 100 of gestation, each animal was anesthetized with ketamine:halothane/nitrous oxide, the fetus was exteriorized and [3H] F/[14C] E was infused via a fetal femoral vein for 70 min. Blood samples were then obtained from the contralateral fetal femoral vein, the umbilical vein/artery, and a maternal saphenous vein. After purification of F and E, the metabolic clearance rate (MCR), peripheral interconversion, and placental extraction of F and E were calculated. Maternal serum E2 concentrations (ng/ml; mean +/- SE) between Days 80 and 100 of gestation were greater (p less than 0.01) in androstenedione-treated baboons (2.2 +/- 0.2) than in untreated controls (1.2 +/- 0.1). Although the MCR of F was similar in control (5.2 +/- 0.3 1/day) and treated (7.7 +/- 1.0 1/day) animals, the MCR of E (13.5 +/- 2.0 1/day) was increased (25.8 +/- 2.5 1/day; p less than 0.05) by androstenedione treatment. Placental extraction of F (59 +/- 9%) was lower (p less than 0.01) than that of E (82 +/- 5%) in untreated baboons and was not affected by androstenedione treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Inactivation of Listeria monocytogenes by Ultraviolet Energy

Short-wave UV-energy (100 μW/cm2) decreased the number of Listeria monocytogenes on Tryptose Agar (TA) ca. seven orders of magnitude in 4 min. Age of culture (48 vs 24 hr) did not alter the sensitivity of Listeria to this UV treatment. Increasing the intensity of irradiation (550 vs 100 μW/cm2) increased the rate at which L. monocytogenes was inactivated. Dry rather than moist cells of L. monocytogenes were most resistant to irradiation. In general, inactivation of Listeria with short-wave UV-energy yielded sigmoidal survivor curves. The population of Listeria on TA plates was not affected with long-wave UV-irradiation.
Goal attainment, satisfaction and learning from teamwork

Purpose – Businesses have increasingly relied on educators to train students on teamwork skills that are valuable in a highly competitive marketplace. But what are students actually getting from these initiatives? Are they seeing the linkage between teamwork skills and goal accomplishment? Are they developing positive attitudes toward teamwork? What skills are they learning from their teamwork experiences?Design/methodology/approach – This study investigated the relationship between student team member outcomes and the team activities that they engage into achieve these outcomes. Students were surveyed using items developed from a taxonomy of team processes found in the management literature, and measures of goal attainment, satisfaction and learning.Findings – Results show that students derived different outcomes when practicing specific team process activities. Students who engaged in transition and action processes perceived that their goals were accomplished through teamwork. Those who engaged in tran...
Measured pattern characteristics and optics design with the ultra wide band QSC feed for the SKA

The Square Kilometer Array (SKA) is the next generation of meter and cm-wave radio telescope with a goal sensitivity of 50 to 100 times higher than any other existing instruments. Very exiting science missions for this instrument include planetary formation, astrobiology, the origin and evolution of cosmic magnetism, primordial galaxy evolution, cosmology, and dark energy [1]. The SKA will operate from 100MHz to 25 GHz, with milliarcsec resolution at the shortest wavelengths, and with an architecture that will provide multiple simultaneous fields of view (FOV). The proposed reference design for the SKA consists of a large number of reflector antennas (12 to 15m in diameter) with ultra-wide band single pixel feeds. Some of the wide band feed candidates includes the ATA Feed [2], the eleven feed [3], a modified version of the quad-ridge feed [4], and the QSC Feed [5]. The QSC (Quasi Self Complementary) feed is a dual polarized antenna with 3-D log-periodic arms over a ground plane in a quasi-self-complementary configuration, currently being developed at Cornell University, with an instantaneous bandwidth in excess of 10:1. We already have fabricated a 400 MHz to 4.0 GHz QSC feed prototype and verified an input impedance match better than −11 dB over a decade of bandwidth [6]. Precise characterization of feed polarization, directivity, beam size is required in order to optimize the SKA reflector optics necessary to attain the high sensitivity and very low noise requirements for this instrument. We have measured the radiation patterns of the QSC feed prototype at Satimo's facilities in Kennesaw, GA, USA from 400 to 4 GHz in 3 MHz steps to spot any resonances.
Evolutionary constraint-based multiobjective adaptation for self-organizing wireless sensor networks

Wireless sensor applications (WSNs) are often required to simultaneously satisfy conflicting operational objectives (e.g., latency and power consumption). Based on an observation that various biological systems have developed the mechanisms to overcome this issue, this paper proposes a biologically-inspired adaptation mechanism, called MONSOON. With MONSOON, each application is designed as a decentralized group of software agents. This is analogous to a bee colony (application) consisting of bees (agents). Agents collect sensor data on individual nodes, and carry the data to base stations. They perform this data collection functionality by autonomously sensing their local and surrounding environment conditions and adaptively invoking biological behaviors such as pheromone emission, replication, reproduction and migration. Each agent has its own behavior policy, as a gene, which defines how to invoke its behaviors. MONSOON allows agents to evolve their behavior policies (i.e., genes) and simultaneously adapt to conflicting objectives. In addition to consider multiple objectives equally, MONSOON also allows agents to evolve in a constraint-based (or intentionally-biased) manner. A constraint is defined as an upper or lower bound for each objective. Simulation results show that MONSOON allows agents (WSN applications) to adapt to dynamics of the network (e.g., node/link failures) through evolution and simultaneously satisfy conflicting objectives in a self-organizing manner.
Disinfection of eggshells using ultraviolet light and hydrogen peroxide independently and in combination

Poor hatchability can occur due to eggshell bacterial contamination, which can be decreased by UV light or H(2)O(2) alone. However, antimicrobial effects of these 2 treatments combined, as well as optimum length of UV exposure, are not known. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to determine the optimum length of UV exposure for maximum bacterial reduction and to determine if a greater bacterial reduction would occur using a combination of UV and H(2)O(2) compared with either treatment alone. The first experiment was conducted to determine the optimum length of UV exposure by exposing eggs to 4, 8, 16, and 32 min of UV. Three experiments were also conducted to determine what concentration of H(2)O(2) in combination with UV exposure would yield maximum bacterial reduction. For experiment 2, treatments consisted of a control and UV alone as well as 0, 1, 2, and 3% H(2)O(2) alone and in combination with UV for 8 min. In experiment 3, treatments consisted of a control, UV alone, 3% H(2)O(2) alone, as well as 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, and 3% H(2)O(2) in combination with UV for 8 min. Experiment 4 used 10 treatments including a control and 1.5, 2, and 2.5% H(2)O(2) at UV exposure times of 2, 4, and 8 min for each H(2)O(2) concentration. Results indicated that every control eggshell contained bacteria, resulting in an average bacterial count of 4 log cfu/egg. Exposure to UV alone for 8 min yielded significant bacterial reductions without excessive egg heating. When administered independently, H(2)O(2) and UV each reduced eggshell bacterial counts by 2 log cfu/egg. The combination of 1.5% H(2)O(2) and UV for 8 min reduced bacterial counts by a maximum of 3 log cfu/egg, with only 35% of the eggs positive for bacteria. Because bacterial contamination was further reduced by using a combination of UV and H(2)O(2), it is possible that hatchability and chick quality of breeder eggs might be improved by such treatments.
Mannomicrus (Hymenoptera: Diapriidae), a new genus of myrmecophilic diapriid, with a digital version of Masner and García's (2002) key to New World Diapriinae and an illustration of digital description and key markup using an ontology

Mannomicrus Yoder gen. nov. is described with the type species Hemilexis jessei Mann, 1914. The genus is only the second myrmecophilic member of the tribe Spilomicrini (Diapriidae: Diapriinae) known from the New World. The new genus is diagnosed versus potentially closely related genera and included in an updated on-line version of a recently published key to New World Diapriinae, which is introduced here. The digital key extends the utility of the original key with additional annotations, navigational functions, and additional images. Both the text of the key and an on-line version of the description can be "marked-up", with words contained there-in checked against an ontology of Hymenoptera morphology terms and linked where matches are found. The usage and means to produce the digital products are briefly reviewed. Both the key and a digital version of the description presented here mark the start of a new web site on diapriid systematics available at http://www.diapriid.org.
An Analysis of Nonfirst-Generation Community College Men of Color: Comparing GPA, Noncognitive, and Campus Ethos Differences across Race.

ABSTRACTDrawing upon the Community College Socio-Ecological Outcomes model, this study is among the first to have addressed the outcomes of nonfirst-generation community college men of color. The purpose of this study was to investigate differences across ethnicities for key factors in two socioecological domains, including noncognitive and campus ethos domains, for nonfirst-generation college status men in 2-year, degree-granting institutions. Findings of this study indicated that despite generational status White men outperformed Latino and African American men in grade point average (GPA) regardless of similar confidence levels and the fact that men of color had higher rates in degree utility and intrinsic interest.
Evaluation and Targeted Therapy of Voiding Dysfunction in Children

Significant strides have been made over the past two decades in more precisely evaluating and managing children with voiding complaints. A thorough history should offer insight into the possible causes for the presenting complaints and this should be supplemented by physical examination, urine studies, and select imaging. Uroflowmetry and external sphincter electromyography with measurement of postvoid residual urine should allow for accurate diagnosis using categories offered by the International Children's Continence Society. This ability to make an accurate diagnosis should naturally lead to the use of treatment options (urotherapy, pharmacotherapy, biofeedback, and neuromodulation) that specifically target the responsible cause of the complaints rather than simply their symptoms.
Stable Elastomeric Anion Exchange Membranes Based on Quaternary Ammonium-Tethered Polystyrene-b-poly(ethylene-co-butylene)-b-polystyrene Triblock Copolymers

A chemically stable and elastomeric triblock copolymer, polystyrene-b-poly(ethylene-co-butylene)-b-polystyrene (SEBS), was functionalized with various benzyl- and alkyl-substituted quaternary ammonium (QA) groups for anion exchange membrane (AEM) fuel cell applications. Synthetic methods involving transition metal-catalyzed C–H borylation and Suzuki coupling were utilized to incorporate six different QA structures to the polystyrene units of SEBS. Changes in AEM properties as a result of different QA moieties and chemical stability under alkaline conditions were investigated. Anion exchange polymers bearing the trimethylammonium pendants, the smallest QA cation moiety, exhibited the most significant changes in water uptake and block copolymer domain spacing to offer the best ion transport properties. It was demonstrated that incorporating stable cation structures to a polymer backbone comprising solely C–H and C–C bonds resulted in AEM materials with improved long-term alkaline stability. After 4 weeks in...
Identification of dominant damage accumulation processes at grain boundaries during irradiation in nanocrystalline α-Fe: A statistical study

Abstract Radiation defect accumulation in metals with high interface to volume ratios, such as nanocrystalline metals, is strongly dependent on the ability of these interfaces to act as unbiased sinks for defects. Multi-scale simulations of damage accumulation in such materials necessarily depend on parameters describing defect behaviors inside grain boundaries, such as migration and binding energies within grain boundaries as well as binding energies of defects to grain boundaries. In general, these behaviors are sensitive to the grain boundary structure, making atomic-scale quantification of such parameters challenging due to the large number of variables in the input space of such a problem. The goal of the present study is to identify which of these parameters most strongly influence defect accumulation and grain boundary sink efficiency in α-Fe during Frenkel pair implantation at room temperature and a dose rate of 10−7 dpa⋅ s−1. Defect accumulation inside grains and in grain boundaries is simulated using spatially resolved stochastic cluster dynamics (SRSCD). Using this methodology, sensitivity studies investigating vacancy accumulation in grain boundaries, sink efficiency η of grain boundaries, and vacancy cluster profiles inside grains are performed by varying model input parameters such as defect migration and binding energies inside grain boundaries. Principal component analysis of these model input parameters is then carried out to identify which defect behaviors are strongly correlated with changes in damage accumulation metrics when varying many parameters at once. In both of these analyses, single vacancy and self-interstitial diffusion inside grain boundaries, small vacancy cluster diffusion inside grain boundaries, and the binding energy of vacancies and self-interstitials to grain boundaries are shown to have the greatest impact on defect accumulation.
Oral History and the Study of Communities: Problems, Paradoxes, and Possibilities

"Community oral history" is a protean term, invoked by scholars and grass-roots historians alike to describe a variety of practices developed for a variety of purposes. The term "community" itself is vague and conceptually limited, with generally positive associations and not entirely deliberate implications of commonality and comity. A community oral history project typically refers to one defined by locale, to a group of interviews with people who live in some geographically bounded place, whether an urban ethnic neighborhood, a southern mill village, or a region of midwestern farms. Yet "community" also refers to a shared social identity, and so we speak of interviews with members of the gay community, the black community, the medical community. In fact, many community oral history projects combine the two meanings of the term, focusing on a particular group's experience in a particular place-steelworkers in Buffalo, Chicanos in El Paso, jazz musicians in Los Angeles. Distinctions exist among broad genres of oral history. One axis of difference is defined by the provenance of interviews: At one end, there are interviewing projects developed by grass-roots groups to document their own experience; at the other, interviews conducted by scholars to inform their own research or to create a permanent archival collection for future scholarly work. In practice, most oral history projects fall somewhere between the two poles: historical society volunteers develop a project to document some aspect of local life in collaboration with the local college; a scholar, working on his own research project, makes contact with the retirees' group of a union local as a means of entree for interviews he wishes to conduct about the union's history and along the way agrees to participate in a union educational program. The second axis is defined by voice, that is, the extent to which the narrator's voice or the historian/interpreter's voice dominates the final product of the interviews. At one end are archival collections of interviews that are almost entirely in the narrators'
Feeding by Selected Predators on Alfalfa Weevil 1 Larvae

Twelve species of field-collected arthropod predators suspected of feeding on alfalfa weevil Hypera postica (Gyllenhal) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) larvae were studied in the laboratory. Most experiments used weevil instars III and IV. In one type of test, weevil larvae were the only prey; the other type permitted a choice of weevil larvae, Lygus spp. nymphs and pea aphid adults Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris). Hippodamia convergens (Guerin) (larvae and adults), Coccinella transversoguttata (Faldermann) (adults), Nabis spp. (adults), and Chrysopa oculata (Say) (larvae) preferred aphids. In the absence of aphids, the coccinellids were active weevil predators. The spiders Tibellus oblongus (Walckenaer) and Xysticus sp.; Collops vittatus (Say), Collops bipunctatus (Say) and Forficula auricularia Linn. (all adults), appeared to be opportunistic feeders. The latter ranked among the more effective weevil predators. Agulla sp. (adults) ate very few weevil larvae. Instar IV prey were too large for some smaller predators.
An analysis and measurement system of percentage of water and gas content in petroleum by radiation isotope

An on line analysis and measurement system of percentage of water and gas contents in petroleum by using radiation isotope is described. A radiation source that emits two different γ rays energies and a scintillation detector are used in the system . The computer reads the transmission counts of γ rays that pass through petroleum for analyzing oil, water and gas contents. The system also measures the temperature, pressure and flow, so the amounts of liquid, oil, gas and water can be calculated conveniently.
Muonium Impurity Centers in Semiconductors

Muonium impurities in insulators only differ slightly from the free muonium atom as is true of the analogous hydrogen centers in insulators. In semiconductors muonium defect centers have been observed whereas hydrogen centers have not. The muonium centers are of two types, one with an isotropic μ+ hyperfine interaction which may be as small as 29% of the free muonium value. The other has a highly anisotropic hyperfine interaction which is only a few percent of the free muonium value. The current status of the study of these centers is reviewed in this paper.
Changes in Thermal Process Times (Bb) for Baked Beans Based on Water Hardness and Fill Temperature.

To compare the consequences of water hardness on canning of dry beans, baked beans were prepared using water that contained 70 or 260 ppm calcium for soaking/blanching of navy beans and in the preparation of a tomato sauce for brine. Another factor examined for this project involved increasing the initial temperature of the canned beans prior to thermal processing by eliminating the cooling step after blanching. In general, if the initial temperature prior to thermal processing can be increased, the process time (Bb) is generally decreased. However, when the initial temperature of these baked beans was increased by this method, the process time increased in comparison to the time for beans that were cooled after blanching. In examining the water hardness, the beans, which had been cooled after blanching, processed with an increased CaCO3 demonstrated a decreased process time (Fo = 5.3) in comparison to those beans processed with a lower CaCO3. In one instance, the process time was decreased by 12% due to the presence of calcium possibly due to decreased gelatinization, physical restriction of swelling, reduced solubility of pectin, starch, and protein in the brine solution; consequently, these actions would increase the heat transfer in the food during thermal processing. Based on these investigations, water hardness should be considered an important parameter when performing heat-processing determinations and in the transference of heating data from one site to another.
Induced Subgraph Saturated Graphs

A graph G is said to be H-saturated if G contains no subgraph isomorphic to H but the addition of any edge between non-adjacent vertices in G creates one. While induced subgraphs are often studied in the extremal case with regard to the removal of edges, we extend saturation to induced subgraphs. We say that G is induced Hsaturated if G contains no induced subgraph isomorphic to H and the addition of any edge to G results in an induced copy of H. We demonstrate constructively that there are non-trivial examples of saturated graphs for all cycles and an infinite family of paths and find a lower bound on the size of some induced path-saturated graphs.
Intradomain Textures in Block Copolymers: Multizone Alignment and Biaxiality

Block copolymer (BCP) melt assembly has been studied for decades, focusing largely on self-organized spatial patterns of periodically ordered segment density. Here, we demonstrate that underlying the well-known composition profiles (i.e., ordered lamella, cylinders, spheres, and networks) are generic and heterogeneous patterns of segment orientation that couple strongly to morphology, even in the absence of specific factors that promote intra or interchain segment alignment. We employ both self-consistent field theory and coarse-grained simulation methods to measure polar and nematic order parameters of segments in a freely jointed chain model of diblock melts. We show that BCP morphologies have a multizone texture, with segments predominantly aligned normal and parallel to interdomain interfaces in the respective brush and interfacial regions of the microdomain. Further, morphologies with anisotropically curved interfaces (i.e., cylinders and networks) exhibit biaxial order that is aligned to the principal curvature axes of the interface.
Gowers and Osler: Good Friends “All Through” (P2.401)

OBJECTIVE: To summarize the evidence supporting the friendship of William Gowers and William Osler, outline how their friendship was mutually beneficial, discuss the influence of Gowers on Osler’s neurological writings, and review Osler’s neurologic diagnosis of Gowers. BACKGROUND: William Gowers stated that, from 1870 to 1890, he did not make a single new friend because of his workload. The author will highlight an exception to this general statement from Gowers. DESIGN/METHODS: Review of the Osler Library Archives and the writings of Gowers and Osler. RESULTS: In 1884, Gowers wrote Osler a letter of recommendation when Osler was being considered for a job at the University of Pennsylvania. Osler wrote a favorable book review of Gowers’ Manual of Diseases of the Nervous System in 1888. Osler dedicated his book On Chorea and Choreiform Affections to Gowers in 1894, addressing himself as Gowers’ sincere friend. Two warm letters between Osler and Gowers exist in the Osler Library Archives. Gowers’ son Ernest wrote Osler a letter after the death of his father. Referring to the relationship between William Osler and William Gowers, he noted that Osler had “indeed been a good friend to him all through.” Osler wrote and edited the first edition of his textbook from 1890 through early 1892, and was influenced by Gowers’ Manual. Gowers’ name was mentioned more often than any other author in the first edition of Osler’s textbook. Osler copied three tables and one figure from Gowers’ textbook. In 1913, Osler commented that Gowers had ataxic paraplegia. Macdonald Critchley disagreed, and felt that Gowers had generalized cerebrovascular degeneration. CONCLUSIONS: Osler and Gowers were close friends, and this friendship was mutually beneficial. Osler’s neurologic works were influenced by Gowers. Osler may have misdiagnosed Gowers with ataxic paraplegia, although diagnostic uncertainty remains as no autopsy was apparently performed. Disclosure: Dr. Boes has nothing to disclose.
Social Media and Total Joint Arthroplasty: An Analysis of Patient Utilization on Instagram.

Abstract Background The purpose of this study was to analyze the nature of shared content of total joint arthroplasty patients on Instagram. Specifically, we evaluated social media posts for: (1) perspective and timing; (2) tone; (3) focus (activities of daily living [ADLs], rehabilitation, return-to-work); and (4) the comparison between hip and knee arthroplasties. Methods A search of the public Instagram domain was performed over a 6-month period. Total hip and knee arthroplasties (THA and TKA) were selected for the analysis using the following terms: "#totalhipreplacement," "#totalkneereplacement," and associated terms. 1287 individual public posts of human subjects were shared during the period. A categorical scoring system was utilized for media format (photo or video), time (preoperative, perioperative, or postoperative) period, tone (positive or negative), return-to-work, ADLs, rehabilitation, surgical site, radiograph image, satisfaction, and dissatisfaction. Results Ninety-one percent of the posts were shared during the postoperative period. Ninety-three percent of posts had a positive tone. Thirty-four percent of posts focused on both ADLs and 33.8% on rehabilitation. TKA patients shared more about their surgical site (14.5% vs 3.3%, P P P Conclusion When sharing their experience on Instagram, arthroplasty patients did so with a positive tone, starting a week after surgery. TKA posts focused more on rehabilitation and wound healing than THA patients, whereas THA patients shared more posts on ADLs. The analysis of social media posts provides insight into what matters to patients after total joint arthroplasty.
Serial Sonographic Assessment of Pulmonary Edema in Patients With Hypertensive Acute Heart Failure

Objectives Objective measures of clinical improvement in patients with acute heart failure (AHF) are lacking. The aim of this study was to determine whether repeated lung sonography could semiquantitatively capture changes in pulmonary edema (B-lines) in patients with hypertensive AHF early in the course of treatment. Methods We conducted a feasibility study in a cohort of adults with acute onset of dyspnea, severe hypertension in the field or at triage (systolic blood pressure ≥ 180 mm Hg), and a presumptive diagnosis of AHF. Patients underwent repeated dyspnea and lung sonographic assessments using a 10-cm visual analog scale (VAS) and an 8-zone scanning protocol. Lung sonographic assessments were performed at the time of triage, initial VAS improvement, and disposition from the emergency department. Sonographic pulmonary edema was independently scored offline in a randomized and blinded fashion by using a scoring method that accounted for both the sum of discrete B-lines and degree of B-line fusion. Results Sonographic pulmonary edema scores decreased significantly from initial to final sonographic assessments (P < .001). The median percentage decrease among the 20 included patient encounters was 81% (interquartile range, 55%–91%). Although sonographic pulmonary edema scores correlated with VAS scores (ρ = 0.64; P < .001), the magnitude of the change in these scores did not correlate with each other (ρ = –0.04; P = .89). Conclusions Changes in sonographic pulmonary edema can be semiquantitatively measured by serial 8-zone lung sonography using a scoring method that accounts for B-line fusion. Sonographic pulmonary edema improves in patients with hypertensive AHF during the initial hours of treatment.
The Politics of Cultural Retreat: Imperial Bureaucracy in Austrian Galicia, 1772–1867. By Iryna Vushko. (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2015. Pp. xii, 311. $85.00.)

This well‐researched and eminently readable study has much to offer to students of Habsburg and Polish history but also to readers more generally interested in state building, the Enlightenment, id...
TMIC-07. HIGH ALDEHYDE DEHYDROGENASE ACTIVITY IDENTIFIES BRAIN METASTASIS-INITIATING CELLS IN BREAST CANCER

Brain metastases (BM) from breast cancer (BC) are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. However, the mechanism of how BC cells initiate and propagate BM tumors remains elusive. In this study, we established a set of patient-derived models of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from either hormone receptor positive (HR+) or negative (HR-) cells, and subsequent BM cells in vivo. Our brain-primed BC derivative lines exhibited a trend to form metastatic tumors in the brain more frequently than in the bones or lungs. In contrast, the naive BC cells rarely formed BM tumors. Micro-MRI of mouse brains after cardiac injection of brain-primed BC derivatives detected the persistent attachment and subsequent colonization of these circuiting cells, whereas naive BC cells, when injected into arterial circulation, were quickly eradicated from the brain. Transcriptomic expression analysis showed that ALDH isoforms including ALDH1A3 are highly upregulated in BM cells in contrast to BC cells. Silencing of ALDH1A3 by lentiviral shRNA infection specifically attenuated in vivo BM formation from the BC derivatives through arterial circulation, while it did not affect formation of the metastases in the lungs and bones. RNA sequencing detected that the expression of tissue transglutaminase (TG2), constitutive activator of transcription factor-kB (NF-kB), is higher in BM but not in lung and bone metastasis and its expression was attenuated by reducing ALDH1A3. Clinically, matched pairs of human primary BC and BM tissue samples showed the elevation of ALDH1A3 expression in BM tumors. In addition, ALDH1A3 expression was significantly correlated with poor prognosis. To develop therapeutics for ALDH1A3, we designed and synthesized a small molecule ALDH1A3 inhibitor, termed GA11. Systemic treatment of the CTC-BM mouse models with GA11 yielded a prominent inhibitory effect on BM formation. Taken together, our results suggest that ALDH1A3 might be a promising therapeutic target for BM tumors.
Implications of Third Parties for Contract Design

Abstract We analyze the implications of plausible third-party challenges to the legitimacy of a transaction for contract design. To the extent that such challenges impose reputation and transaction costs, the scrutinized agent has an incentive to choose contractual procedures that make challenges less likely to succeed at court, thereby discouraging the filing of challenges in the first place. The added contractual proceduralization, in turn, create adaptation costs for both the agent and the contractor which are externalized to the principals, making the transaction allegedly inefficient. This setup is of particular relevance in public procurement, where interested third parties—political opponents, excluded bidders, and watchdogs—are always present due to the nature of the transaction.
Is Risk of Real Estate Predictable

This paper analyzes whether investors’ discount rates predict ex post returns and Jensen’s alpha in the private commercial real estate market. Tracking 4,430 properties in the U.S. that were worth 127 billion dollars at acquisition over the 1997 to 2014 period, I find that individual properties’ acquisition cap rates, which measure discount rates, have significant predicting power for ex post returns and Jensen’s alpha. The power is robust across property types and metro areas, is stronger in the short term, and persists when I control for sample selection, latent factors, heterogeneous factor loadings, and the pricing of non-systematic risk.
Senior adult ministry: In the 21st century

The landscape of Christian churches in America in the 21st century has changed greatly. America is becoming an aging nation, in which more than 25% of the population is 50 years old or older. The w...
Evolution of Modern Treatment of Childhood Acute Leukemia and Cancer Adventures and Battles in the 1970s and 1980s

This article summarizes the adventures and explorations in the 1970s and 1980s in the treatment of children with leukemia and cancer that paved the way for the current success in childhood cancers. Indeed, these were adventures and bold steps into unchartered waters. Because childhood leukemia the most common of the childhood cancers, success in childhood leukemia was pivotal in the push toward cure of all childhood cancers. The success in childhood leukemia illustrates how treatment programs were designed using clinical- and biology-based risk factors seen in the patients.
Experimental Design of Work Chunking for Graph Algorithms on High Bandwidth Memory Architectures

High Bandwidth Memory (HBM) is an additional memory layer between DDR and cache, and it currently exists in the form of Multi-Channel DRAM (MCDRAM) on the Intel Knight's Landing manycore architecture. Its purpose is to increase available memory bandwidth to maximize processor throughput. This work explores optimizing the label propagation community detection algorithm on the KNL, as this algorithm and its variants find broad usage in community detection. This algorithm's processing pattern also represents broader class of vertex-centric programs. As HBM becomes more common in new HPC systems, it is important to determine how best to exploit this memory layer for memory-starved graph and combinatorial algorithms. This work experimentally examines breaking up the algorithmic work into HBM-resident chunks, along with a parametric study of associated variations and optimizations. In general, we find our chunking methodology does not harm solution quality and can improve time to solution for label propagation. We believe these results would likely generalize to other vertex-centric algorithms as well.
The statistical compensation effect in nonisothermal kinetics: Theory, simulations and experimental evidence

Abstract The “compensation effect” refers to the general presence of a linear relationship between experimental activation energies (Ea) and the logarithm of the corresponding frequency factor (A). This study examined the compensation effect with regard to petroleum generation and source rocks found in the Bakken Formation in the Williston Basin. The specific purpose was to test whether or not these compensation effects are caused by experimental conditions or actual differences in source rock kinetics. An analytical solution for the compensation effect developed for isothermal kinetics experiments is adapted for use with the Kissinger method for obtaining activation energies (Ea) and frequency factors (A) from nonisothermal experiments (programed pyrolysis). This results in an expression that shows that the linear relationship between Ea and ln(A) or compensation effect, present in most if not all, kinetic analyses of source rocks, is an artifact of experimental design and error and is not caused by an underlying physiochemical property. The compensation effect described by this expression, caused by experimental errors, forms an extremely elongated error ellipse in the Ea-ln(A) plane that is closely approximated by a line that corresponds its principal or major axis. The gradient of the principal axis is equal to the product of the harmonic mean of the peak reaction temperatures and the gas constant. Simulated programmed pyrolysis experiments demonstrate that the reformulated analytical solution, when applied to the Kissinger Equation, predicts the slope of the linear dependence between different apparent values of Ea and ln(A) caused by experimental imprecision. This result is present in rearranged and multiple split experimental data. Even though the apparent kinetic parameters may vary between analyses within a single set of sample splits, all share the same statistical compensation effect and demonstrate equivalent kinetics, whereas sample splits with different kinetic parameters lie along different statistical compensation effects. The results show that it is not possible to differentiate source rocks on the basis of apparent values of Ea and A without also demonstrating that these kinetic parameters lie along statistically different compensation effects. Failure to recognize this behavior leads to serious errors when extrapolated to geologic time and temperature scales.
THE INFLUENCE OF INSPIRATIONAL MOTIVATION AND INTELLECTUAL STIMULATION ON ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT IN COMMERCIAL BANKS IN KENYA

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to establish the influence of inspirational motivation and intellectual stimulation on organizational commitment in commercial banks in Kenya. Methodology : The study adopted the positivist research philosophy and descriptive correlational design. A sample of 150 was drawn from a population of 240 senior managers of the 40 commercial banks of Kenya using stratified random sampling technique. The tool used to collect data was questionnaire. Out of 150 questionnaires that were administered, 139 responses were received from the senior managers, giving a 93% response rate. Data was analyzed using inferential statistics such as Pearson correlations, Chi Square, ANOVA and multiple linear regression. Results : The multiple regression results (R2=.722, F (1,139) =34.184, p<.05, ( β = .249, t (139) = 3.758, p < .05) indicated that inspirational motivation significantly predicted organizational commitment. Based on the results the null hypothesis was rejected. Further, the multiple regression results (R2=.734, F (1,139) =34.184, p<.05, ( β = .366, t (139) = 4.585, p < .05) indicated that Intellectual Stimulation significantly predicted organizational commitment. Based on the results the null hypothesis was rejected. Organizational culture showed a significant influence on the relationship between transformational leadership and organizational commitment as showed by the coefficients ( β = .229, t = 2.211, p < .05). The moderating variable organizational culture was also strongly correlated to organizational commitment, r (138) = .718, p < .05. Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study provides a unique contribution to the theory and practice of transformational leadership by extending its application in a new context in terms how inspirational motivation and intellectual stimulation affect organizational commitment in commercial banks in Kenya. The study also provides unique contribution in terms of recommendations for policy development initiatives aimed at improving employee commitment and performance in the banking industry in Kenya.
The Valued Mentorship and Leadership of Ezra Griffith.

I had heard of Ezra before I met him; who hadn't? I had been in Chicago, and in fact, the United States, for approximately two years and had just found out I would be going to Yale for my fellowship. When I ran into Dr. Carl Bell, a prominent psychiatrist and faculty member at the University of