cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of thermomechanical treatment on the corrosion of AA5083

Abstract Corrosion resistance degradation induced by the presence of β-phase (Al3Mg2) limits the performance of aluminum alloy 5083 for some critical applications. The effect of thermomechanical treatment on the corrosion of AA5083 is presented in this paper. The samples subjected to the thermomechanical treatment showed superior corrosion resistance compared to the as-received samples. The effects of grain boundary character distribution, grain shape, texture, and precipitates on corrosion are discussed based on experimental observations. Special boundaries are expected to have a weak effect on the overall corrosion resistance of the material compared to the other factors.
Gender differences in adherence to type 1 diabetes management across adolescence: The mediating role of depression

This study examined whether gender differences in adherence and metabolic control among adolescents with type 1 diabetes are mediated by depression. In a sample of 127 adolescents with type 1 diabetes (ages 10 to 15 years), gender interacted with age to predict symptoms of depression and adherence, but did not interact to predict metabolic control. Among girls, age was associated with higher depression and poorer adherence; among boys, age-related associations were weaker or in the opposite direction. Moderated mediation analyses revealed that depression partially mediated the Gender × Age interaction predicting adherence. Clinical implications of viewing depression as a risk factor for poor diabetes management among adolescent females are discussed.
The Influence of Ethnicity on Listening, Communication Competence, Approach, and Avoidance

Abstract The purpose of study reported in this article was to examine differences in communication and listening predispositions and communication competence across ethnicity, as well as contribute to the discussion of the growing cultural diversity in the educational and work contexts of the United States. Subjects were 275 undergraduates enrolled in a basic “Introduction to Communication Studies” course. Results were that Whites are perceived as more “approaching” and communicatively competent and African Americans are perceived as less expressive and communicatively competent. Hispanics and Asian Americans rank somewhere in between Whites and African Americans. However, what must be kept in mind is what one perceives as characteristics of a “good listener” or a “good communicator” is often determined by subtle, yet powerful influences and rules characteristic of one's own ethnic background.
Long-term Medical Outcomes in Survivors of Extra-Ocular Retinoblastoma: The Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) Experience

Background Data on long-term outcomes of survivors of extra-ocular retinoblastoma are lacking. The authors sought to provide the first report characterizing long-term outcomes among survivors of extra-ocular retinoblastoma. Procedure Retrospective analysis of long-term medical outcomes in 19 survivors of extra-ocular retinoblastoma treated between 1992 and 2009. Severity of outcomes was graded using Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events. All patients received intensive multimodality therapy for their extra-ocular disease after management of their primary intra-ocular disease, including conventional chemotherapy (n = 19, 100%), radiotherapy (n = 15, 69%), and/or high-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell transplant (n = 17, 89%). Results The median follow-up was 7.8 years from diagnosis of extra-ocular retinoblastoma (range 2-17.8 years). The most common long-term non-visual outcomes were hearing loss (n = 15, 79%), short stature (n = 7, 37%), and secondary malignancies [SMN] (n = 6, 31%). Sixty-eight percent of survivors exhibited ≥2 non-visual long-term outcomes of any grade. Except short stature, which was not graded for severity, Grade 3-4 outcomes were limited to: ototoxicity (n = 8; n = 4 require hearing aids), SMNs (n = 6), and unequal limb length (n = 1). Five patients who developed SMNs carried a known RB1 mutation. SMNs developed at a median of 11.1 years after initial diagnosis; two patients died of their SMN. Long-term cardiac, pulmonary, hepatobiliary, or renal conditions were not identified in any survivors. Conclusion Long-term outcomes are commonly seen in extra-ocular retinoblastoma survivors but the majority are mild-moderate in their severity. Longer comprehensive follow-up is needed to fully assess treatment-related outcomes but the information collected to date may affect management decisions for children with extra-ocular disease.
The Winter Atmospheric Response to Sea Ice Anomalies in the Barents Sea

AbstractThe atmospheric response to sea ice anomalies over the Barents Sea during winter was determined by boundary forcing the Community Atmosphere Model (CAM) with daily varying high and low sea ice concentration (SIC) anomalies that decreased realistically from December to February. The high- and low-SIC anomalies produced localized opposite-signed responses of surface turbulent heat flux and wind stress that decreased in magnitude and extent as winter progressed. Responses of sea level pressure (SLP) and 500-mb height evolved from localized, opposite-signed features into remarkably similar large-scale patterns resembling the negative phase of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). Hilbert empirical orthogonal function (HEOF) analysis of the composite high-SIC and low-SIC SLP responses uncovered how they differed. The hemispheric pattern in the leading HEOF was similar for the high-SIC and low-SIC responses, but the high-SIC response cycled through the pattern once per winter, whereas the low-SIC respon...
Process evaluation of an environmental and educational nutrition intervention in residential drug-treatment facilities.

Objective To evaluate the implementation of a controlled, 6-week, environmental and educational intervention to improve dietary intake and body composition, and to study the association of implementation fidelity with diet and body composition outcomes. Design A process evaluation documented participation, dose of nutrition education delivered, participant satisfaction, fidelity and completeness of the food environment intervention implementation, and context through observations and interviews with staff and residents. Intervention sites were scored and categorized as high or low participation and implementation and compared on essential elements of the food environment and on diet and body composition outcomes. Setting Six urban residential drug-treatment facilities in Upstate New York. Subjects Fifty-five primarily black and white men in residential drug-treatment programmes. Results Participants were exposed to 94 % and 69 % of the educational and environmental elements, respectively. High implementation sites were significantly more likely to provide water and 100 % juice, offer fruit or vegetable salad, offer choices of fruits and vegetables, and limit fried foods. Mixed-model analysis of covariance revealed that participants in the high participation and implementation sites reported greater reductions in total energy, percentage of energy from sweets, daily servings of fats, oils and sweets, and BMI over the intervention period. Participants in low participation and implementation sites reported greater reductions in percentage of energy from fat. Differential implementation of environmental elements limited the intervention impact. Conclusions These findings document the contribution of changes in eating environments to facilitate dietary behaviour change in community residential substance-abuse settings.
Fast and efficient iris image enhancement using logarithmic image processing

Low quality iris images such as blurry, low resolution images with poor illumination create a challenge for iris recognition systems. Therefore, an efficient enhancement of iris images are needed in challenging environments. We propose a new iris recognition algorithm for enhancement of normalized iris images. Our algorithm is based on the logarithmic image processing (LIP) image enhancement which is used as one of the 3 stages in the enhancement process. Methods are tested on the MBGC database to compare enrolled video iris images from 124 subjects with 220 pixels resolutions to query video portal images from 110 subjects with 120 pixels resolution. Results from processing challenging MBGC iris data show significant improvement in the performance of iris recognition algorithms in terms of equal error rates compared to the original (unenhanced images) and the other fast image enhancement methods.
Dynamics of neuronal populations: the equilibrium solution

The behavior of an aggregate of neurons is followed by means of a population equation which describes the probability density of neurons as a function of membrane potential. The model is based on integrate-and-fire membrane dynamics and a synaptic dynamics which produce a fixed potential jump in response to stimulation. In spite of the simplicity of the model, it gives rise to a rich variety of behaviors. Here only the equilibrium problem is considered in detail. Expressions for the population density and firing rate over a range of parameters are obtained and compared with like forms obtained from the diffusion approximation. The introduction of the jump response to stimulation produces a delay term in the equations, which in turn leads to analytical challenges. A variety of asymptotic techniques render the problem solvable. The asymptotic resultsshow excellent agreement with direct numerical simulations.
A simplification of the double-sweep algorithm to solve the k-shortest path problem☆

In this paper, we define the k-shortest path problem, which will be used to model the problem of routing aircraft through a network of airfields. This problem finds the optimal alternative routes from one or more origins to one or more destinations. We solve this problem using the double-sweep algorithm. We present a simplification to the double-sweep algorithm, and show that this simplification reduces the computational complexity of the algorithm by a factor of k. We prove that the simplified double-sweep algorithm converges. Finally, we demonstrate this algorithm on a small airlift network.
Magnetoroton softening in Rb spinor condensates with dipolar interactions.

Superfluids with a tendency towards periodic order have both phonon- and rotonlike spectra. We show that magnetoroton softening occurs in $^{87}\mathrm{Rb}$ spinor condensates. A rich variety of dynamical instabilities emerges as a function of the magnetic field orientation and strength of the quadratic Zeeman shift. These instabilities are driven by an effective dipolar interaction modified dramatically by quasi-two-dimensionality and rapid Larmor precession.
In vitro rearing of Campoletis sonorensis, a larval endoparasitoid of Heliothis virescens from egg to third instar in an artificial medium devoid of insect sources

Campoletis sonorensis is a solitary larval endoparasitoid of several Heliothis spp. pests. This study was carried out to develop media devoid of insect sources for in vitro rearing the parasitoid. Trehalose, lysine, threonine, asparagine, glutamine, hydroxyproline, serine, bovine serum albumin, and lactalbumin were beneficial to C. sonorensis. Addition of fresh chicken egg yolk at a low level improved the artificial media. Addition of 20-hydroxyecdysone increased the molting rate, reduced the critical size at molt and decreased development time. Parasitoid development in vitro was dependent on eggs that had been in the host for at least 22 h. Luminosity was also critical for the development of C. sonorensis in vitro. Optimal development occurred in a L14:D10 photoperiod at 43 Lux light intensity. Utilizing the best media and conditions, 100% of the parasitoid larvae reached the second instar and over 37% molted to the third instar. However, no further development occurred.
Integrating Motion Platforms With Unmanned Aerial Vehicles to Improve Control, Train Pilots and Minimize Accidents

As the number of UAVs increase, the risk of accidental crashes also grows. A critical examination of these accidents reveals that human error is a major cause. This suggests a need to improve the remote piloting of UAVs. This paper explores the use of motion platforms to augment pilot performance. This approach follows studies on human factors performance and cognitive loading. The resulting design serves as a test bed to study UAV pilot performance, create training programs, and ultimately a platform to avoid UAV accidents.© 2008 ASME
Ribosomal gene promoter domains can function as artificial enhancers of RNA polymerase I transcription, supporting a promoter origin for natural enhancers in Xenopus.

Abstract Enhancers of RNA polymerase I transcription in higher eukaryotes are repetitive elements within the intergenic spacers of rRNA genes. In Xenopus and mouse, enhancers and the gene promoter bind the activator protein, upstream binding factor, and in Xenopus, enhancers also share sequence similarity with an upstream domain of the promoter. This upstream promoter domain can act as an efficient enhancer when polymerized and cloned adjacent to a ribosomal gene promoter injected into oocytes. A core promoter domain lacking similarity with spacer sequences in Xenopus laevis but analogous to a repeated sequence in Xenopus borealis can also function as an enhancer. These data demonstrate functional relatedness between the promoter and enhancers, supporting the hypothesis that enhancers could have evolved from duplicated promoter domains that bind essential transcription factors. The ability of upstream binding factor to bind enhancers inactivated by mutation suggests that upstream binding factor binding alone cannot explain enhancer function.
Transesophageal echocardiography: what the gastroenterologist thinks the cardiologist should know about endoscopy.

Transesophageal echocardiogaphy is becoming established as a very useful addition to cardiac ultrasound. Both the applications and the number of cardiologists using this technique are growing. This article is intended to assist the cardiologist by providing information about endoscopy, including the technique of intubation, medications for sedation, medicolegal aspects, concerns of health personnel, and other related aspects.
The Cytokine Profile of Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy (P06.134)

Objective: To determine cytokine profile of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP). Background An increased pro-inflammatory cytokines have been reported after intracellular analysis of T lymphocytes derived from CIDP patients. Design/Methods: We analyzed the cytokine profile of plasma samples from 8 patients with CIDP and compared it to the profile obtained from plasma samples from 8 adult healthy subjects with MILLIPLEX MAP High Sensitivity Human Cytokine Panel (Millipore, Billerica MA 01821). We analyzed the sample for 3 anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL10, IL13, IL4) and 11 pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL2, IL5, IL6, IL7, IL8, IL-1β, TNF α, MCP 1, IFN-γ, GM CSF). Results: The concentration of the following cytokines was significantly higher in the CIDP samples compared to the concentration in samples from healthy subjects: IL10 (3.511 pg/ml versus 1.022 pg/ml, p p p p p p Conclusions: Both pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines are significantly increased in CIDP patients. Work is progress to determine whether a pattern of unbalance between pro and anti inflammatory cytokines and whether IL4 could be used as a specific marker for CIDP. Supported by: Talecris Invetigator initiated award. Ende Foundation. Disclosure: Dr. Chen has nothing to disclose. Dr. Ende has nothing to disclose. Dr. Souayah has received personal compensation for activities with Walgreens as a consultant. Dr. Souayah has received research support from Talecris.
Organizations and Their Contexts: Where Risk Management Meets Sustainability Performance

A sustainability strategy should help an organization manage risk and become more sustainable over time. To be effective, however, the strategy must reflect the individual organization and the context within which it operates. This column offers some ideas that can help any organization move toward implementing a sustainability strategy keyed to its particular strengths and challenges. The discussion begins with some information on a new development that should make it easier for organizations to integrate multiple management systems.
Client Assessment Issues: A Perspective

A review of client assessment issues is presented within the context of pro- and anti-assessment influences. Shortcomings are identified in both formulations, particularly in the failure of their proponents to take full cognizance of the complex intertwining of scientific and philosophic components in assessment. A multivariate research paradigm is posited. Implications of the presented conceptualization for counseling practice are discussed.
Crack induced surface potential variation on Si PV cells

This paper describes measurements of the surface potential (SP) of silicon surfaces that contain cracks. The impact of cracks on the PV performance is also discussed using light illumination as compared to the dark condition. The surface potential was measured using the Kelvin probe technique, in both vibrating and non-vibrating modes, and the data were collected on bare silicon wafers and monocrystalline PV cells. It is found that there is almost no surface depletion on the newly cracked interfaces, which is different from the uncracked surface. The electrical field discontinuity at the crack surface brings about contact potential difference (CPD) signals in the non-vibrating mode. The SP at the crack surfaces is reversible and experimentally measured to be 23mV and 44mV for the light and dark conditions respectively. There is a decreasing surface potential at the cracks in the PV cells, which is similar to that on bare silicon wafers. The SP in a PV cell is normally at 4.6 to 4.8V in the dark condition, but only at about 4.4V at a crack. The impact of the cracks in PV cells varies with the status of the surface, which may behave as an open circuit or a current drain. The average of SP difference between the light and dark conditions in a PV cell is at 350mV. However, the SP difference reduces to 250mV at an open crack or less than 70mV at a shunted crack. The cracks in PV cells would lead to a power loss in both cases.
Assessing Construct Validity in Personality Research: Applications to Measures of Self-Esteem

Abstract This article addresses the assessment of convergent and discriminant validity in personality research. Four approaches are compared and contrasted for the analysis of classic multitrait-multimethod data, where three or more traits are measured with indicators derived from three or more methods. The approaches are the Campbell and Fiske criteria, the confirmatory factor analysis model, the correlated uniqueness model, and the direct product model. Pros and cons of the approaches are pointed out through a reanalysis of data originally collected by Van Tuinen and Ramanaiah, where global self-esteem, social self-esteem, and orderliness were each measured by true–false inventories, multipoint inventories, and simple self-reports. The Discussion considers guidelines for choosing among the approaches and further addresses procedures for nontraditional multitrait–multimethod data.
Hydrolysis of Surfactant Phospholipids Catalyzed by Phospholipase A2 and Eosinophil Lysophospholipases Causes Surfactant Dysfunction: A Mechanism for Small Airway Closure in Asthma

asthma is proportional to dose and is improved by formu-lation with a new propellant. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1999;104:1215–122233 Vanden Burgt JA, Busse WW, Martin RJ, et al. Efficacyand safety overview of a new inhaled corticosteroid, QVAR(hydrofluoroalkane-beclomethasone extrafine inhalationaerosol), in asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2000; 106:1209–122634 Lipworth BJ. The comparative safety/efficacy ratio of HFA-BDP. Respir Med 2000; 94(suppl):S21–S2635 Cohen R, Fireman P, Windom H. Long-term safety ofbeclomethasone dipropionate extrafine aerosol (HFA-BDP)[abstract]. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1999; 159:A63136 Thompson PJ, Davies RJ, Young WF, et al. Safety of hy-drofluoroalkane-134a beclomethasone dipropionate extrafineaerosol. Respir Med 1998; 92:33–39
State and Trait Pain Catastrophizing and Emotional Health in Rheumatoid Arthritis

Background Pain catastrophizing is a powerful predictor of pain adaptation, and both stable and time-varying aspects may influence overall emotional well-being.
A construction of compactly supported biorthogonal scaling vectors and multiwavelets on R 2

In Kessler (Appl. Comput. Harmonic Anal. 9 (2000), 146-165), a construction was given for a class of orthogonal compactly supported scaling vectors on R2, called short scaling vectors, and their associated multiwavelets. The span of the translates of the scaling functions along a triangular lattice includes continous piecewise linear functions on the lattice, although the scaling functions are fractal interpolation functions and possibly nondifferentiable. In this paper, a similar construction will be used to create biorthogonal scaling vectors and their associated multiwavelets. The additional freedom will allow for one of the dual spaces to consist entirely of the continous piecewise linear functions on a uniform subdivision of the original triangular lattice.
Nitrogen recombination on high-temperature reusable surface insulation and the analysis of its effect on surface catalysis

The energy transfer catalytic recombination coefficients for nitrogen and oxygen on a borosilicate glass are determined in nitrogen and air hypersonic arc jet streams. These data, obtained from a reacting boundary-layer analysis with first-order surface reaction kinetics, compare well with earlier results from a Goulard frozen boundary-layer model up to 1600 K. The apparent surface recombination rates increase up to 1600 K, then begin to decrease. To illustrate the effects of temperature and nitrogen dissociation on energy transfer to the glass, a diffusional heat-flux is calculated using the present results from 1450 K up to 1850 K. This diffusional heat-flux is the contribution to the total heating rate by atom recombination, and is used to compare the present results with coefficients from three previous studies.
Idiopathic Bronchiolitis Obliterans With Organizing Pneumonia: An Acute and Life-Threatening Syndrome

Idiopathic bronchiolitis obliterans with organizing pneumonia (BOOP) is a clinicopathologic syndrome characterized by an indolent course and favorable prognosis. This report describes five patients with a fulminating and life-threatening variant of this syndrome. Four patients presented with respiratory failure requiring respiratory assistance and positive pressure ventilation. Early recognition of the entity and prompt initiation of corticosteroid therapy in three patients was instrumental in preventing mortality. Our findings suggest that idiopathic BOOP may be the underlying pathology in a number of patients presenting with ARDS. Since corticosteroid therapy may improve survival in these patients, clinicians should heighten their index of suspicion for this entity. Early histologic diagnosis and initiation of corticosteroid therapy should be considered in patients with unexplained ARDS.
MAX - An expert system for automatic adaptive magnetics modeling

An expert system called MAX has been developed for the automatic solution of magnetic field problems. Using the finite element method, problem descriptions are entered and solved with minimal input from the user. MAX is based on a new procedure to compute the local error in finite element solutions and on a new procedure to subdivide the mesh. Solutions of problems involving highly permeable materials, complicated geometries, and large changes in scale, show that this system is capable of handling real-life problems in magnetic recording and in electric machine design.
Catalysis of ATP-dependent homologous DNA pairing and strand exchange by yeast RAD51 protein

The RAD51 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is required for genetic recombination and DNA double-strand break repair. Here it is demonstrated that RAD51 protein pairs circular viral single-stranded DNA from phi X 174 or M13 with its respective homologous linear double-stranded form. The product of synapsis between these DNA partners is further processed by RAD51 to yield nicked circular duplex DNA, which indicates that RAD51 can catalyze strand exchange. The pairing and strand exchange reaction requires adenosine triphosphate, a result consistent with the presence of a DNA-dependent adenosine triphosphatase activity in RAD51 protein. Thus, RAD51 is a eukaryotic recombination protein that can catalyze the strand exchange reaction.
Simulating liquids and solid-liquid interactions with lagrangian meshes

This article describes a Lagrangian finite element method that simulates the behavior of liquids and solids in a unified framework. Local mesh improvement operations maintain a high-quality tetrahedral discretization even as the mesh is advected by fluid flow. We conserve volume and momentum, locally and globally, by assigning to each element an independent rest volume and adjusting it to correct for deviations during remeshing and collisions. Incompressibility is enforced with per-node pressure values, and extra degrees of freedom are selectively inserted to prevent pressure locking. Topological changes in the domain are explicitly treated with local mesh splitting and merging. Our method models surface tension with an implicit formulation based on surface energies computed on the boundary of the volume mesh.With this method we can model elastic, plastic, and liquid materials in a single mesh, with no need for explicit coupling. We also model heat diffusion and thermoelastic effects, which allow us to simulate phase changes. We demonstrate these capabilities in several fluid simulations at scales from millimeters to meters, including simulations of melting caused by external or thermoelastic heating.
Instructional style and learner-centered approach: a cross-institutional examination of modality preference for online course delivery in a graduate professional program

This case study examined student preference for delivery mode of online courses in two graduate degree programs in Library and Information Science. Within-group and between-groups comparisons indicated a distinct preference across the institutions. Findings from focus groups conducted with two cohorts of students enrolled in a federally funded project indicated students preferring asynchronous delivery enrolled in such courses to accommodate busy lifestyles. In the synchronously deployed course, flexibility in accommodation of various learning styles was evidenced by such influential factors as teaching style, instructional design, and topicality. Findings inform online education for modality and instructional style.
Perceptions of Stress Associated With Wives' Off‐Farm Employment

A random sample of 323 Midwestern farm couples responded to a questionnaire designed to measure various aspects of family functioning, including lifestyle satisfaction and dyadic adjustment as well as perceptions of stress and coping strategies utilized. Although 96 percent of the women identified themselves as farmers, 38 percent were employed off the farm. In general, the farm couples reported high satisfaction with their lifestyle; however, stress was also a fre quently reported experience. Although employed farm women were significantly higher in their reported experience with stress than those not employed off the farm, neither employment status nor number of hours employed were directly related to wives' perceptions of marital and life satisfaction. Rather, it was those husbands and wives in the high-stress category, regardless of employment status, who reported significantly lower lifestyle satisfaction and marital adjustment. Family life professionals are encouraged to respond with appropriate program ming for rural families at risk of experiencing high stress.
Decency and democracy: George Orwell, “the aspiring plebeian”

(1989). Decency and democracy: George Orwell, “the aspiring plebeian”. Prose Studies: Vol. 12, No. 2, pp. 174-192.
Effect of significant histologic steatosis or steatohepatitis on response to antiviral therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C.

Background & Aims: Treatment of chronic hepatitis C (CHC) results in an average sustained viral response (SVR) rate of 54%–63%. Most previous studies have not separately reported SVR rates for patients who have CHC and concomitant significant hepatic steatosis (>33%) or histologic evidence of steatohepatitis (SH). The aim of this study was to evaluate SVR in patients with CHC plus steatosis or SH on biopsy examination, compared with a group of controls with CHC and no significant steatosis or SH. Methods: Our surgical pathology database and clinical files were queried for CHC between 1997 to 2002. Biopsy specimens with both CHC and significant steatosis (>33%) or SH were categorized as group 1. Of the patients treated with antiviral therapy, information on either SVR (hepatitis C virus [HCV] RNA negative at 6 months posttreatment) or lack of SVR (nonresponse as early as 12 weeks into therapy and relapsers) with either interferon (IFN)/ribavirin or pegylated IFN/ribavirin was found in 84 patients. A control group (group 2) of 231 CHC patients was identified by using a 2-year database (January 2000–June 2001) of patients without evidence of greater than 33% steatosis or SH. Results: The overall SVR was 28% in group 1, compared with 44% for group 2 (P = .001). For HCV genotype 1, the SVR was 23% vs 34% for group 2 (P = .19). For HCV genotypes 2 and 3, the SVR was 42% vs 78% for groups 1 and 2 (P = .008), respectively. Conclusions:Overall SVR for patients with HCV and significant steatosis or SH is considerably lower than for HCV and steatosis less than 33% and no SH.
Dirichlet series induced by the Riemann zeta-function

The Riemann zeta-function ζ(s) extends to an outer function in ergodic Hardy spaces on T, the infinite-dimensional torus indexed by primes p. This enables us to investigate collectively certain properties of Dirichlet series of the form z({a(p)}, s) = ∏ p (1− a(p)p−s) −1 for {a(p)} ∈ T. Among others, using the Haar measure on T for measuring the asymptotic behavior of ζ(s) in the critical strip, we shall show, in a weak sense, the mean-value theorem of ζ(s) equivarent to Lindelof hypothesis.
Gastrointestinal manifestations of systemic disease: a multimodality review.

Systemic diseases have many different presentations, including imaging findings in the bowel. Recognizing the imaging findings in these diseases is important in making the correct diagnosis. Although certain imaging features overlap, knowledge of specific findings along with the clinical presentation aid in narrowing the differential or in making an imaging diagnosis. The pictorial review will focus on the gastrointestinal manifestations of systemic diseases, including amyloidosis, angiotensin converter enzyme inhibitor-induced angioedema, celiac sprue, distal intestinal obstruction syndrome, graft-versus-host disease, hemolytic uremic syndrome, hemophilia, Henoch–Schonlein purpura, intestinal lymphangiectasia, mastocytosis, scleroderma, systemic lupus erythematosus, Wegener’s granulomatosis, and Whipple’s disease. The aforementioned diseases can be subdivided based upon the underlying process leading to the disease. The diseases discussed are categorized into autoimmune, infiltrative, treatment related, congenital/hereditary, and infectious etiologies.
The Actin-Binding Protein Profilin Binds to PIP2 and Inhibits Its Hydrolysis by Phospholipase C

Profilin is generally thought to regulate actin polymerization, but the observation that acidic phospholipids dissociate the complex of profilin and actin raised the possibility that profilin might also regulate lipid metabolism. Profilin isolated from platelets binds with high affinity to small clusters of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) molecules in micelles and also in bilayers with other phospholipids. The molar ratio of the complex of profilin with PIP2 is 1:7 in micelles of pure PIP2 and 1:5 in bilayers composed largely of other phospholipids. Profilin competes efficiently with platelet cytosolic phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C for interaction with the PIP2 substrate and thereby inhibits PIP2 hydrolysis by this enzyme. The cellular concentrations and binding characteristics of these molecules are consistent with profilin being a negative regulator of the phosphoinositide signaling pathway in addition to its established function as an inhibitor of actin polymerization.
1001-26 Local Dissolution of Intracoronary Thrombus with Urokinase Using the Dispatch™ Catheter: Clinical Studies

The Dispatch™ Catheter is a new local drug delivery device which allows for the prolonged infusion of therapeutic agents at an angioplasty site while still maintaining distal coronary perfusion. To determine the efficacy of this device in dissolving intraluminal clot with local urokinase infusion, 29 patients with thrombus-containing stenoses were treated with the Dispatch™ catheter either prior to (n = 16) or following (n = 13) coronary angioplasty or directional atherectomy. The study group consisted of 15 males and 14 females with a mean age of 58.1 years. Clinical diagnoses included unstable angina (n = 14), acute myocardial infarction (n = 11) or post infarction angina (n = 4). Urokinase was infused at either 10,000 unitlcc (n = 22) or 30,000 units/cc (n = 7) at 0.5 cc/min for up to 30 minutes. All coronary angiograms were analyzed to determine Thrombus Score (0 – 3), TIMI flow, and quantitative coronary measurements pre and post Dispatch™ therapy. (Thrombus Score: 0 = no thrombus, 1 = possible thrombus, 2 = definite thrombus l 3 mm, 3 = definite thrombus g 3 mm). Results Infusions of urokinase for 30 mins were well tolerated in 25 patients without adverse clinical, hemodynamic or electrical sequelae. In the remaining 4 patients, limited infusions were tolerated only for 2.5, 5, 6 and 11 mins because of chest pain with EKG changes secondary either to sidebranch occlusion or inadequete distal perfusion. For the entire study group, Thrombus Score decreased from 2.0 ± 0.7 to 0.5 ± 0.8, TIMI Flow increased from 2.1 ± 1.3 to 3.0 ± 0.0, and minimal lumen diameter increased from 0.70 ± 0.59 to 1.58 ± 0.51 mm (all p l 0.01). Distal embolization, no-reflow, and abrupt closure were not observed in any patient. Conclusions Reduction of thrombus-containing stenoses and dissolution of intracoronary thrombus can be rapidly achieved in patients with infusions of limited quantities of urokinase with the Dispatch™ catheter. Sidebranch occlusion and inability to dilate coronary stenoses with inadequate distal perfusion may limit the duration of drug infusion with this device.
Effects of convective diffusion on the apparent kinetics of zeroth order surface-catalysed chemical reactions☆

Abstract The apparent kinetics of zeroth order surface-catalysed reactions are quantitatively investigated for several configurations involving laminar or turbulent boundary layer flow, with or without pressure gradient. Nine cases of interest are solved exactly in terms of the incomplete beta function and analytical and graphical results are presented and compared with the results of applying the familiar quasi-stationary approximation. The latter method, which is equivalent to the use of the concept of “local resistance additivity,” is shown to fail badly in this chemical kinetic extreme. Applications of the theory to the interpretation of kinetic data and the design of catalytic heat exchangers are discussed.
A clean start: degradation of maternal proteins at the oocyte-to-embryo transition.

In many organisms, the transition from oocyte to embryo occurs in the absence of mRNA transcription. Therefore, early developmental programs rely on maternal mRNAs and proteins that are synthesized during oogenesis. The regulated translation of maternal RNAs is essential for the proper deployment of regulatory factors during early embryogenesis. Recent studies suggest that the degradation of maternal proteins by the ubiquitin–proteasome pathway is also crucial for the oocyte-to-embryo transition. In this article, we explore the hypothesis that the coordinated degradation of germline proteins is essential for remodeling the oocyte into a totipotent zygote that is capable of somatic development.
Global analysis of Cdk1 substrate phosphorylation sites provides insights into evolution

To explore the mechanisms and evolution of cell-cycle control, we analyzed the position and conservation of large numbers of phosphorylation sites for the cyclin-dependent kinase Cdk1 in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We combined specific chemical inhibition of Cdk1 with quantitative mass spectrometry to identify the positions of 547 phosphorylation sites on 308 Cdk1 substrates in vivo. Comparisons of these substrates with orthologs throughout the ascomycete lineage revealed that the position of most phosphorylation sites is not conserved in evolution; instead, clusters of sites shift position in rapidly evolving disordered regions. We propose that the regulation of protein function by phosphorylation often depends on simple nonspecific mechanisms that disrupt or enhance protein-protein interactions. The gain or loss of phosphorylation sites in rapidly evolving regions could facilitate the evolution of kinase-signaling circuits.
Disease as a Value Statement

In an attempt to examine the unconscious roots of values, this paper explores Gotthard Booth's psychosomatic theory that disease is a message of the whole person. It outlines his work in describing distinctive personality types who characteristically become ill through the disease of the organ system that is dominant for their life-style. The disease represents accommodation in the person's object relatedness and as such reflects the operation of unconscious values and indicates possibilities for therapy. Because the cultural environment helps condition the dominant organ response, Booth's work also has relevance for developing a sociology of value and suggests a prophylactic role for religion.
Experimental investigation of the cure-dependent response of vinyl ester resin

The objective of this research is to understand the influence of the thermochemical and thermomechanical material response of low temperature cured vinyl ester resin (Dow Derakane 411-C-50) on the development of residual stress and warpage during processing. The primary experimental technique is the bimaterial specimen experiment, in which the warpage of a bimaterial beam is used as a measure of residual stress. The bimaterial specimen experiment was developed to isolate the chemical and thermal contributions to curvature. Existing material models for shrinkage, modulus, and glass transition temperature as a function of cure were evaluated. These material models were used as input into the bimaterial equation for curvature prediction. The predicted curvatures were used along with the experimental curvatures to evaluate the material models and their ability to accurately describe the material response of the vinyl ester resin. Results showed that the model captured the overall experimental trend in curvature buildup during processing but overestimated the curvature from chemical effects during isothermal cure. Improved correlation was achieved by incorporating a time shift in the model to account for viscoelastic stress relaxation of the resin.
Quartz on Silicon

The on-chip integration of piezoelectric quartz would be highly beneficial for chemical sensing and accurate timing circuits. However, to date, it has not been possible to achieve single-orientation, single-variant silicon dioxide films with high piezoelectric activity. On page 827 of this issue, Carretero-Genevrier et al. ( 1 ) demonstrate the formation of oriented piezoelectrically active α-quartz thin films directly on silicon. Although the growth mechanism and piezoelectric properties require fuller development, their approach may be an attractive route for developing integrated piezoelectric devices.
Microsurgical removal of intraventricular lesions using endoscopic visualization and stereotactic guidance.

OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate the technique of stereotactic microsurgical endoscopic removal of intraventricular tumors or colloid cysts assisted by intraoperative computed tomography. METHODS: We adapted a tubular "ventriculoport" for stereotactic insertion of an endoscope into the ventricle. This facilitated microsurgical resection of 14 intraventricular tumors or colloid cysts by use of intraoperative stereotactic microsurgical endoscopic removal of intraventricular tumors or colloid cysts assisted by intraoperative computed tomography. RESULTS: Gross total resection was achieved in 12 patients and confirmed by intraoperative computed tomographic scanning and postoperative magnetic resonance imaging. Patients with preoperative hydrocephalus had relief of their symptoms. Perioperative morbidity was limited to mild headache associated with postoperative pneumocephalus. The average length of stay was 3.6 days. Twelve patients had significant improvement in their symptoms. CONCLUSION: The combination of intraoperative computed tomography-guided stereotactic technique and rigid endoscopy facilitated an accurate, minimally invasive, microsurgical removal of these intraventricular masses. This approach minimized retraction and provided satisfactory visualization.
Microfoundations of strategic problem formulation

Before a strategy can be developed, the problem it is supposed to address needs to be formulated. We establish the microfoundations of strategic problem formulation by developing a theory that predicts a core set of impediments to formulation that arise when complex, ill-structured problems are addressed by heterogeneous teams. These impediments fundamentally constrain and narrow problem formulation, thereby limiting solution search and potential value creation. We establish these impediments as a set of design goals, which, if remedied by an appropriately constructed mechanism, can expand problem formulation to be more comprehensive. Finally, we consider how organizations can improve problem formulation by creating a structured process that satisfies the theoretically derived design goals and detail a specific example of this mechanism (collaborative structured inquiry). Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Model scalability using a model recording and inference engine

Model scalability is traditionally supported by manual editing or writing model transformation rules. However, this process presents challenges to those who are unfamiliar with a model transformation language or metamodel definitions. This poster describes an approach to scale models by recording and analyzing demonstrated operations by end-users.
Functional Analysis of a De Novo ACTB Mutation in a Patient with Atypical Baraitser–Winter Syndrome

Exome sequence analysis can be instrumental in identifying the genetic etiology behind atypical disease. We report a patient presenting with microcephaly, dysmorphic features, and intellectual disability with a tentative diagnosis of Dubowitz syndrome. Exome analysis was performed on the patient and both parents. A de novo missense variant was identified in ACTB, c.349G>A, p.E117K. Recent work in Baraitser-Winter syndrome has identified ACTB and ACTG1 mutations in a cohort of individuals, and we rediagnosed the patient with atypical Baraitser-Winter syndrome. We performed functional characterization of the variant actin and show that it alters cell adhesion and polymer formation supporting its role in disease. We present the clinical findings in the patient, comparison of this patient to other patients with ACTB/ACTG1 mutations, and results from actin functional studies that demonstrate novel functional attributes of this mutant protein.
Friendship and Romantic Stressors and Depression in Emerging Adulthood: Mediating and Moderating Roles of Attachment Representations

Although friendships and romantic relationships represent important social relationships during emerging adulthood, problems stemming from these relationships may also pose a threat to emerging adults’ psychological functioning (Collins and Madsen in Handbook of personal relationships. Cambridge University Press, New York, pp 191–209, 2006; La Greca and Moore Harrison in J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol 34(1): 49–61, 2005). Thus, investigating relational stressors in friendships and romantic relationships is an important step toward understanding emerging adults’ psychological adjustment. This study focused on examining the relationship between relational stressors and depression, and the mediating and moderating roles of relationship-general attachment representations between these constructs. Data were collected from 164 emerging adults attending a Midwestern university. In partial support of our hypotheses, emerging adults’ attachment anxiety mediated the relationship between experiences of friendship and romantic stressors and depression; this result, however, was not found for attachment avoidance. Furthermore, results showed that attachment avoidance and anxiety moderated the relationship between friendship stressors and depression in emerging adulthood. Supporting our hypothesis, friendship stressors were predictive of higher levels of depression only for emerging adults who were high in attachment avoidance or anxiety. Future research and practical implications are discussed.
Effect of Dietary Fiber Intake on Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels Independent of Estradiol in Healthy Premenopausal Women

High-fiber diets are associated with improved lipid profiles. However, pre- and postmenopausal women respond differently to fiber intake, suggesting that endogenous estradiol mediates the effect. The authors' objective was to determine the direct effect of fiber intake on lipoprotein cholesterol levels independent of estradiol among premenopausal women. The BioCycle Study, a prospective cohort study conducted at the State University of New York at Buffalo from 2005 to 2007, followed 259 healthy women for up to 2 complete menstrual cycles. Serum lipoprotein and hormone levels were measured at 16 visits timed using fertility monitors. Fiber intake was assessed by 8 24-hour recalls. Marginal structural models with inverse probability weights for both lipoprotein and estradiol levels were used to estimate controlled direct effects of the highest category of fiber intake (≥22 g/day vs. <22 g/day) while accounting for age, body mass index, total energy, vitamin E intake, physical activity, luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and progesterone. Reductions were observed in total and low density lipoprotein cholesterol in women with higher fiber intakes. Direct effects were greater than total effects. These analyses suggested that estradiol mediates at least part of the association between fiber and cholesterol among premenopausal women. More research is needed to elucidate the biologic mechanisms driving these associations.
Transthoracic echocardiography in models of cardiac disease in the mouse

Background Transthoracic echocardiography (M-mode and Doppler) offers a noninvasive approach for in vivo evaluation of the mouse heart. The present study examines its usefulness for assessing the morphological/functional phenotype of the left ventricle (LV) in several transgenic and surgical murine models of cardiac disease. Methods and Results Observations were made in 83 intact, anesthetized mice. In mice with a surgical arteriovenous fistula, volume overload and LV dilation were detected. In normal mice, echocardiographic indexes of increased contractility (dobutamine) were confirmed by LV dP/dtmax. In transgenic mice with overexpression of the β2-adrenergic receptor, heart rate and mean velocity of circumferential fiber shortening were increased, indicating enhanced contractility. In colony screening of transgenic mice overexpressing the H-ras gene, 45% had increased LV wall thickness (>0.9 mm), and those showing a striking increase were selected for breeding. In mice with LV hypertrophy (aortic const...