cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dextromethorphan and caffeine as probes for simultaneous determination of debrisoquin-oxidation and N-acetylation phenotypes in children

The feasibility and reliability of simultaneously determining debrisoquin oxidation and N-acetylation phenotypes was assessed in children with use of two innocuous substrate probes given by mouth, 30 mg dextromethorphan (Pertussin ES) and 25 to 46 mg caffeine (Coca-Cola beverage). Twenty-six children and adolescents (aged 3 to 21 years) were studied three times, once with each substrate given alone and once with the two substrates given together. Urine was collected for 4 hours, and the molar urinary metabolic ratios for dextromethorphan:dextrorphan and for two caffeine metabolites (AFMU:1X) were determined by HPLC ultraviolet assays. The urinary metabolic ratios for both substrates were not significantly different when the substrates were given alone compared with when they were given together. There also was no difference in either the oxidation or acetylation phenotype assignments when the two substrates were given alone and when they were given together. No adverse effects were observed. We conclude that dextromethorphan and caffeine can be given together to simultaneously determine oxidation and acetylation phenotypes and can thereby provide an innocuous, noninvasive method for the assessment of polymorphic drug metabolism in various pediatric populations.
The Future: Steady State or New Challenges?

The assumption of an impending steady state in science and technology was implicit in the title of the meeting on which this volume is based, but should not necessarily be taken for granted. As indicated in my earlier contribution to this volume (Brooks 1990), we have experienced apparent steady states in the past, only to have them interrupted by new challenges originating in events and conditions of the external societal environment, such as the energy and environmental “crises” of the 1970s or the “crisis” of national economic competitiveness in the 1980s. The period from 1967 to 1977 in the United States, for example, was a time of stagnation both in national investment in R&D and in career opportunities for scientists and engineers. It was also a time of great pessimism about the future of the scientific enterprise (Brooks 1971, 1974).
PROPAGATION EFFECTS IN INDUCTION LOGGING

Induction logging utilizes the component of induced receiver coil voltage that is in phase with transmitter coil current as a measure of the conductivity of material surrounding the coils. This paper considers the problem of the field of a vertical magnetic dipole in a horizontally stratified, isotropic conductive formation and shows the receiver coil voltage can be considered as composed of responses due to electromagnetic waves in the formation. These waves which experience attenuation and phase shift as they propagate in the formation are reflected at each interface encountered, and a component of receiver coil voltage is induced for each passage of a wave. The relation of the receiver coil voltage components to the geometric factor of previous analysis is discussed. Universal curves that are useful in determining the response due to unreflected primary and reflected secondary waves are presented Example induction log system responses based on the analysis of the present paper are presented.
Knowledge Management and the Design of Distributed Cognition Systems

The society in which we live today is increasingly a knowledge society. Organizations are turning more and more to knowledge creation and management for the development of their competitive edge and organizational strategies. This must be taken into account when designing information technology to support organizational knowledge operations. Through the use of philosophy, we examine the role of knowledge management in the design of distributed cognition systems. The design principles proposed by Boland, et al. (1994), are modified with the addition of Habermas's theory of communicative action. The resulting design principles are proposed as a framework for the design of information technology that supports distributed cognition and knowledge management in organizations.
Biomechanics of the toddler head during low-height falls: an anthropomorphic dummy analysis

Object Falls are the most common environmental setting for closed head injuries in children between 2 and 4 years of age. The authors previously found that toddlers had fewer skull fractures and scalp/facial soft-tissue injuries, and more frequent altered mental status than infants for the same low-height falls (≤3 ft). Methods To identify potential age-dependent mechanical load factors that may be responsible for these clinical findings, the authors created an instrumented dummy representing an 18-month-old child using published toddler anthropometry and mechanical properties of the skull and neck, and they measured peak angular acceleration during low-height falls (1, 2, and 3 ft) onto carpet pad and concrete. They compared these results from occiput-first impacts to previously obtained values measured in a 6-week-old infant dummy. Results Peak angular acceleration of the toddler dummy head was largest in the sagittal and horizontal directions and increased significantly (around 2-fold) with fall height...
Baseband estimation and compensation of joint TX/RX I/Q imbalance in SC-FDE transceivers

Previous work [1] on I/Q imbalance in SC-FDE transceivers investigates the effect of receiver I/Q imbalance but does not consider Doppler effects due to mobility. SCFDE in doubly-selective channels is studied in [2] and [3] but without considering I/Q imbalance. In this paper, we derive an equivalent channel model for SC-FDE in the presence of both joint Tx/Rx I/Q imbalance and mobility and present an effective low-complexity digital baseband compensation scheme. Furthermore, we propose a novel joint channel and I/Q imbalance parameter estimation scheme for SC-FDE transceivers.
The Rhythmic Consequences of Ion Channel Stochasticity

Ion channels are membrane-spanning proteins with central pores through which ions cross neuronal membranes. The pores through each ion channel flicker between open and closed states, starting and stopping the flow of ions and the electrical current they carry. Hence the current flickers on and off, varying widely on very short time scales. Recent evidence suggests that this noisy current is a source of rhythmic behaviors in neurons. In this review, we begin by providing an illustrative model that links the stochastic flicker of ion channels to neuronal rhythms. The author explores recent experimental work that shows channel flicker is necessary for at least one rhythm that characterizes a class of cortical neurons in vitro. Finally, the author highlights a number of novel studies that link ion channel stochasticity to neuronal rhythmic behaviors in other interesting ways.
A descriptive study of facial expressions during Brazelton Neonatal Behavior Assessments

The facial expressions of 96 term and preterm neonates were recorded during the Brazelton Neonatal Behavior Assessment. The expressions that occurred most frequently during the neurological reflex items were interest, disgust, sadness, and crying. The predominant facial expression during the orienting items was that of interest. Although happy and surprised faces were more common during the orienting than the reflex items, they occurred very infrequently. Some of the reflex items elicited more negative expressions than others and some of the orienting items elicited more frequent expressions than others and some of the orienting items elicited more frequent expressions of interest than others, suggesting that facial expressions might reflect the degree to which the stimuli were experienced as pleasant or unpleasant and more or less interesting. Although the examiner's face and voice were more effective than inanimate stimuli in eliciting positive expressions in term neonates, the reverse was true for preterm neonates. Thus facial expressions may provide additional information on the degree to which neonates experience stimulation as pleasant/unpleasant and on individual differences in responsiveness to physical and social stimulation.
Globalisation and the reorganisation of Japan's auto parts industry

One prominent feature of Japanese automobile manufacturing in the postwar period was a system of sourcing parts from closely affiliated smaller firms in long-term, stable relations. Changes in the global automobile industry have made that system too expensive. Increasing competitive pressures resulting from global excess capacity in the early 2000s have forced a transformation in the business model of the automotive industry. Modularisation and a switch to 'global best sourcing' for standard parts have turned the previous logic of Japanese subcontracting on its head, as first-tier suppliers become even closer partners of large assemblers, while small firms become replaceable. Mergers and joint ventures have changed the structure of Japan's auto part industry, resulting in larger firms that compete globally. Undergoing a transformation toward cost-cutting and increased technological capabilities in the late 1990s and early 2000s has afforded these firms a fortuitous head start in preparing for the global auto crisis of 2008/2009, which is threatening to wipe out smaller parts markers around the globe.
Tunicamycin blocks the emergence and maintenance of insulin receptors on mitogen-activated human T lymphocytes.

Abstract Treatment of phytohemagglutinin (PHA) activated human T lymphocytes with tunicamycin, an antibiotic that specifically inhibits asparagine-linked N-glycosylation of proteins, totally blocked the normal emergence of insulin receptors on these lymphocytes and their cellular proliferation during culture in a dose-dependent manner. Carbohydrate incorporation into protein was inhibited 82% by 0.5 μg/mL while leucine incorporation was unaffected. Tunicamycin exposure of activated T lymphocytes, which had acquired insulin receptors during culture, reduced cellular insulin binding by 35% to 84% and reduced PHA binding to 40% of control levels within 24 hours. Scatchard analysis revealed decreases in insulin binding capacity but not affinity. Similar treatment with cycloheximide only decreased insulin binding by 12%. These findings suggest N-glycosylation of proteins is a necessary biochemical event (1) for the emergence and maintenance of insulin receptors on mitogen activated T lymphocytes, and (2) for mitogen activated T lymphocytes to undergo cell division.
Magnetostatic field of a conductor of semicircular cross section in a highly permeable half-space: exact analytic solution for infinite permeability with perturbative correction

Poisson's equation for the magnetic vector potential is solved using complex Fourier (Laplace) transforms in bipolar coordinates, the natural system for the subject two-dimensional geometry. The source is a dc current uniformly distributed over the semicircular cross section of a long conductor that is buried in, and flush with, the otherwise planar boundary of an infinitely permeable material. Exact closed-form potentials are obtained in the conformal mapping of the Neumann boundary value problem that characterizes the case of an infinitely permeable magnetic medium. One term of a perturbative correction that accounts for finite permeability is constructed for both the uniform source distribution and for the associated Green's function.
Antiquity and evolution of prosternal horns in baridine weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

Among weevils of the subfamily Baridinae (548 extant genera and ca. 9,000 species), unique prosternal horns and associated sheaths have evolved independently multiple times. These structures are utilized in a unique form of male-male aggression in which males push, rather than overturn as in most other horned beetles, their competitor. Herein we report the first fossils of male Baridinae exhibiting such prosternal horns. Two males recovered from the middle Eocene Green River Formation in northwestern Colorado serve to provide a minimum age (at ca. 47 million years old) for both the origin of horns and its associated form of male-male combat in Baridinae.
Using TRACER to capture and control requirements-the equipment specification

Tracing and Control of Engineering requirements is a software tool developed to document and trace requirements in a hierarchical manner from the highest project level all the way down to a detailed equipment specification or interface requirements document. The structure of the tool is described briefly, identifying the requirement of textual capability and its capability of linking to the driving (parent) requirements and levying on the target (child). Use of a multiplicity of associated attributes, and incorporation of tables and figures contained in and manipulated by the database are discussed. Generation of formal or working documents and reports in a great variety with flexibility is described, and change control features are explained. A TRACER document and report options are compared with typical paper systems. The ultimate goal, the equipment specification, may be a TRACER document benefiting from the full TRACER sorting and handling features for working versions, and selected succinct formats may be chosen for the formal release documents. >
Double umbilical cord blood transplantation with reduced intensity conditioning and sirolimus-based GVHD prophylaxis

The main limitations to umbilical cord blood (UCB) transplantation (UCBT) in adults are delayed engraftment, poor immunological reconstitution and high rates of non-relapse mortality (NRM). Double UCBT (DUCBT) has been used to circumvent the issue of low cell dose, but acute GVHD remains a significant problem. We describe our experience in 32 subjects, who underwent DUCBT after reduced-intensity conditioning with fludarabine/melphalan/antithymocyte globulin and who received sirolimus and tacrolimus to prevent acute GVHD. Engraftment of neutrophils occurred in all patients at a median of 21 days, and platelet engraftment occurred at a median of 42 days. Three subjects had grade II-IV acute GVHD (9.4%) and chronic GVHD occurred in four subjects (cumulative incidence 12.5%). No deaths were caused by GVHD and NRM at 100 days was 12.5%. At 2 years, NRM, PFS and OS were 34.4, 31.2 and 53.1%, respectively. As expected, immunologic reconstitution was slow, but PFS and OS were associated with reconstitution of CD4(+) and CD8(+) lymphocyte subsets, suggesting that recovery of adaptive immunity is required for the prevention of infection and relapse after transplantation. In summary, sirolimus and tacrolimus provide excellent GVHD prophylaxis in DUCBT, and this regimen is associated with low NRM after DUCBT.
Electro-actuated hydrogel walkers with dual responsive legs

Stimuli responsive polyelectrolyte hydrogels may be useful for soft robotics because of their ability to transform chemical energy into mechanical motion without the use of external mechanical input. Composed of soft and biocompatible materials, gel robots can easily bend and fold, interface and manipulate biological components and transport cargo in aqueous solutions. Electrical fields in aqueous solutions offer repeatable and controllable stimuli, which induce actuation by the re-distribution of ions in the system. Electrical fields applied to polyelectrolyte-doped gels submerged in ionic solution distribute the mobile ions asymmetrically to create osmotic pressure differences that swell and deform the gels. The sign of the fixed charges on the polyelectrolyte network determines the direction of bending, which we harness to control the motion of the gel legs in opposing directions as a response to electrical fields. We present and analyze a walking gel actuator comprised of cationic and anionic gel legs made of copolymer networks of acrylamide (AAm)/sodium acrylate (NaAc) and acrylamide/quaternized dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA Q), respectively. The anionic and cationic legs were attached by electric field-promoted polyion complexation. We characterize the electro-actuated response of the sodium acrylate hydrogel as a function of charge density and external salt concentration. We demonstrate that “osmotically passive” fixed charges play an important role in controlling the bending magnitude of the gel networks. The gel walkers achieve unidirectional motion on flat elastomer substrates and exemplify a simple way to move and manipulate soft matter devices and robots in aqueous solutions.
Attack chain detection

A targeted network intrusion typically evolves through multiple phases, termed the attack chain. When appropriate data are monitored, these phases will generate multiple events across the attack chain on a compromised host. It is shown empirically that events in different parts of the attack chain are largely independent under nonattack conditions. This suggests that a powerful detector can be constructed by combining across events spanning the attack. This article describes the development of such a detector for a larger network. To construct events that span the attack chain, multiple data sources are used, and the detector combines across events observed on the same machine, across local neighborhoods of machines linked by network communications, as well as across events observed on multiple computers. A probabilistic approach for evaluating the combined events is developed, and empirical investigations support the underlying assumptions. The detection power of the approach is studied by inserting plausible attack scenarios into observed network and host data, and an application to a real-world intrusion is given.
Retaining Former CEOs on the Board

What are the costs and benefits of retaining the former CEO on the board? Corporate boards frequently debate this question as part of the CEO succession process. Like many governance issues, empirical evidence indicates that a number of factors are involved in and may drive this on-going boardroom debate. Research shows that the decision as to whether the departing CEO should be offered board membership may ultimately depend on a number of factors, including the former CEO’s age and whether he or she was a founder of the firm, as well as the characteristics of the incoming CEO and the company’s stock price performance.
The statistics of earthquakes in Southern California

abstract A statistically significant series of earthquakes in Southern California, 1934-1957, variously filtered to avoid aftershocks and events outside a localized area, has been tested for a Poisson distribution. It has been found that, for any of several methods of filtering, the data do not fit a Poisson distribution and hence a causal connection between weak earthquake events is inferred. The conclusion is in accord with that of Aki for large events.
Electrochemical detection and sizing of colloidal ZnO nanoparticles.

We demonstrate the controlled reduction of colloidal ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) on a Hg ultramicroelectrode (UME) and its application to determine the redox potential for the deoxygenation of ZnO. The NPs are in colloidal suspension in acetonitrile (MeCN) and reach the electrode by migrational mass transport. At the electrode surface, the Zn2+ in zinc oxide NPs is reduced to a Zn(Hg) amalgam. The redissolution (stripping) of Zn2+ from the amalgam into MeCN is used to determine the amount of reduced ZnO. The stripping charge is proportional to the concentration of the colloidal ZnO NPs at potentials where the reduction is found to be limited by mass transport. The charge resulting from the reduction of ZnO is a function of the reduction potential and presents a sigmoidal curve that fits a quasireversible model and is used to determine the formal reduction potential, E0′.We observed that E0′ is a strong function of NP size in the size regime of 11–80 nm in diameter. The ZnO particles studied are more stable th...
Attraction of Adult Chironomidae (Diptera) to Incandescent Light Under Laboratory Conditions

The attraction of three chironomid species, Glyptotendipes paripes Edwards, Chironomus crassicaudatus Malloch, and Polypedilum halterale (Coquillett), to incandescent light of different colors and wattages was studied. Field-captured adults were released from the center of a dark room (9 by 9 m) equipped with a New Jersey light trap in each corner. The effects of color were determined by using 100-W lamps of red, orange, yellow, green, blue, and white. The effects of light intensity were studied by using 100, 60, 40, and 25-W white lamps. Measurements of light intensity of each lamp were taken. Among the colors tested in two separate combinations, white light attracted the maximum numbers of adults and red light the least. The three species exhibited a similar behavior. Among white light of different intensities, the maximum attraction of G. paripes occurred toward the highest intensity and the minimum toward the lowest intensity. The midge species responded more to the quantity (power or intensity) than to the quality (color or wavelength) of light.
Observations on the peridial platelets of Clastoderma debaryanum

The relationship of sporangial platelets to the peridium and capillitium of Clastoderma debaryanum was studied with scanning electron microscopy. Results indicated that platelets do not represent peridial remnants that adhere to tips of capillitial branches. Instead, they are flattened, membranous structures that are in continuity with ends of capillitial branches. The thin fragile peridium, which initially envelopes the sporangial head, disappears completely from mature sporangia except for a collar-like remnant at the top of the stalk.
The History of Archives and the History of Science: Comment

AbstractDrawing on Terry Cook’s famous challenge to the relationship of historians to the archive, this comment responds to the four preceding Focus essays, offering an examination of the roles, in particular, of acquisition and appraisal, canon formation, and place or location in the relationship that historians of science have with the archive.
Optimal model of stock and transportation for enterprise logistics systems

In enterprise logistics systems, ther exists the conflict relationship between stock and transportation, so it is very important to investigate compositive optimization in stock and transportation systems. In this paper, we give each component of the total cost of stock and transportation, and establish the optimal model of stock and transportation. By applying the heuristic algorithm, the optimal solution of the model is obtained. Examples show that the application of the optimal model can greatly reduce the cost of enterprise's logistics operation, and enhance economic performance of enterprise.
Analysis on Avian Influenza Surveillance in Occupational Population in Guangzhou in 2006

Objective To investigate the infection status of H5 and H9 influenza viruses in occupational population in Guangzhou in 2006,and provide scientific basis for the disease control and prevention of avian influenza.Methods 831 serum samples from occupational population(work for the feed,sale and slaughter of poultry),and 735 serum samples from general population in 12 districts of Guangzhou city were collected,and the antibodies against H5 and H9 were detected by hemagglutination inhibition test.Results The antibody positive rate for H9 was 2.2% in the general population and 10.7% in occupational population.No positive samples for H5 had been detected in both populations.Conclusion The latent infection rate of H9 avian influenza virus is higher in occupational population than that in the general population,which indicates the surveillance in occupational population is very important for predicting and prevention of the epidemic of avian influenza.
ANTIGENS OF IMMUNOGLOBULIN G-FC RECEPTOR III IN HUMAN MALE REPRODUCTIVE TRACT ACCESSORY GLANDS

We have documented the presence of soluble antigens of immunoglobulin (Ig)G-Fc receptor type III (FcRIII) in human seminal plasma that retain an affinity for the Fc fragment of IgG. The origin of these FcRIII antigens within the male reproductive tract was not known. By using polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies directed against different epitopes on FcRIII molecules, we demonstrated FcRIII reactivity in human prostate and seminal vesicle epithelial cells as well as in their glandular secretions. The FcRIII monoclonal antibody reactivity was removed by absorption with either seminal plasma or polymorphonuclear leukocytes that express FcRIII. Absorption of FcRIII monoclonal antibody with polymorphonuclear leukocytes also removed the reactivity with seminal plasma and vice versa. These data show for the first time that male accessory glands are a source of soluble FcRIII antigens.
Concurrent radiation and cisplatin in the treatment of advanced bladder cancer: a preliminary report.

Abstract In an effort to improve local control as well as to inhibit the growth of metastatic tumor the combination of cisplatin and radiation was used in 8 patients with advanced bladder cancer. The tumor was locally recurrent or metastatic in 5 patients and this combination was used as primary therapy in 3. Therapy was well tolerated. In support of prior animal studies there was a suggestion of additional therapeutic effect by adding cisplatin to radiation.
Protein Kinase and Phosphatase Regulation During Abscisic Acid Signaling and Ion Channel Regulation in Guard Cells

The regulation of gas exchange between leaves and the atmosphere is controlled by stomatal pore apertures. Water vapor diffusion through stomatal pores is responsible for transpirational water loss of plants and therefore is detrimental to plants during drought stress (Mansfield et al., 1990). Plants adapt to changes in environmental conditions by adjusting the aperture of stomatal pores in the leaf epidermis. Guard cells, which in pairs surround stomatal pores, determine the stomatal pore aperture. Stomatal closing is mediated by potassium and anion efflux from guard cells and parallel malate metabolism (Raschke, 1979; MacRobbie, 1981). Environmental factors such as CO2 concentrations, humidity, temperature, light quality and intensity and the plant hormone abscisic acid affect stomatal movements. Abscisic acid (ABA), is synthesized in response to drought, and triggers the signaling cascade in guard cells leading to stomatal closing.
Reading and Writing Instruction in the Upper Elementary Grades

This special issue of Intervention in School and Clinic supports the knowledge and skills of educators who provide reading and writing intervention to students with learning disabilities (LD) in th...
Work, retirement and working out: the construction of exercise and the social world of retired women

ABSTRACTThe purpose of the study was to determine how retired women interpreted their exercise with respect to defining physical activity versus activity in general, identifying why they began and continued exercise, and knowing how much was ‘enough’ exercise. The results suggested four main themes. First, social support and socializing were important aspects of exercise that helped women complete any given session and ‘stick with it’. Second, women said that they felt better after they exercised and worse if they missed a class. Third, several women reported a ‘work-like’ sense of accomplishment after completing exercise classes; some described using exercise class as an organizing element in the day, something structured, scheduled and predictable, much in the way work imparts order to the day while employed. Lastly, some of the women indicated that they were busy, especially when asked about staying active, leading us to conclude that staying active may comingle with exercise.
A Mild Defense of Our New Machine Overlords

We must make policy based on realistic ideas about how machines work. In Plausible Cause, Kiel Brennan-Marquez argues first that "probable cause" is about explanation rather than probability, and second that machines cannot provide the explanations necessary to justify warrants under the Fourth Amendment. While his argument about probable cause has merit, his discussion of machines relies on a hypothetical device that obscures several flaws in the reasoning. As this response essay explains, machines and humans have different strengths, and both are capable of some form of explanation. Going forward, we must examine realistically not only where machines might fail, but also where they can improve upon the failures of a system built with human limitations in mind.
Trust the guilty: Dispositional and Incidental Guilt Increase Trustworthiness

Existing trust research has largely focused on what makes people more or less trusting. Surprisingly little attention has focused on what makes people more or less trustworthy. In this investigatio...
U.S. Food and Drug Administration’s Perspective on Aquaculture Drug Residues

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA) Center for Veterinary Medicine (CVM) evaluates the safety and efficacy of each animal drug prior to its approval. Human food safety data must be provided on the safety of the drug residues remaining in the animal’s edible tissue after treatment and the time that residues take to deplete to an acceptable level. Conducting human food safety studies with aquatic species is very different from similar studies in terrestrial animals. Sponsors are permitted to generate preliminary data under compassionate investigational new animal drug applications (INAD’s). CVM’s recent studies to bridge microbiological and chemical methods, FDA’s compliance program for seafood, and the implication of recent legislation on drugs approved for minor use is discussed.
Testing environmental correlates of clines in clades: an example from cassidine beetles.

Phenotypic change across environmental gradients has been an important topic in evolutionary biology. Members of the tortoise beetle tribe Dorynotini are characterised by an elytral suture adorned with either a tubercle or a large, vertical spine. Overall spine height across species had previously been posited to exhibit a latitudinal gradient of increasing height and decreasing width towards the southern extreme of the tribe's range, and this pattern had been linked to environmental variation. We explore the evidence behind such a cline by testing associations between climate and morphology across the clade's geographic distribution using an approach based on ecological niche modelling (ENM) and morphological and environmental hypervolumes. The degree of overlap between the respective hypervolumes was assessed, and the correlation of matrix overlap values was quantified using Mantel tests. Degrees of niche similarity and conservatism at the genus level were also assessed using both Schoener's index and Hellinger distances. Overall, we observed that characters defining our morphological hypervolumes were informative, and capable of grouping taxa into discrete units in morphospace. In contrast, environmental hypervolumes were largely homogeneous across the tribe, with high overlap among taxa. No significant correlations were found between environmental and morphological hypervolumes. Our results indicate that morphological divergence occurs along with high levels of environmental overlap; perhaps historical biogeographic factors along with sexual selection may have promoted its diversification. Our approach based on ENM and statistical comparisons between environmental and morphological hypervolumes can provide a useful approach to testing the existence of gradients and clines.
Best Practices: Excavation Guidelines and Taphonomic Considerations

Bioarchaeologists must have training and develop expertise in excavation of human remains. This includes understanding as much as possible the environmental, biological, and cultural factors that affect the remains from around the time of death through to recovery and analysis. Ideally, after this long and complex process, the remains are properly curated in a repository, or are reinterred. The lack of detailed taphonomical processes can lead to erroneous conclusions. Not knowing the mortuary context can forever prohibit a full understanding of human remains. Not being able to distinguish culturally modified human remains from field or lab taphonomy will inhibit the ability to make accurate interpretations. Bioarchaeologists can act in many different roles (as consultant, collaborator, or direction), but all of these depend on sound training in excavation.
Flotando en las nubes: la vanguardia literaria en las narrativas de viaje de Salarrué

The literary output of Salarrue (1899–1975) demonstrates a close affinity with the currents of the European avant-garde, most specifically with techniques associated with Surrealism and Cubism, thi...
A Note on the Consensus Protocol with Some Applications to Agent Orbit Pattern Generation

We propose an extension to the standard feedback control for consensus problems for multi-agent systems in the plane. The proposed extension allows for a richer class of trajectories including periodic and quasi-periodic solutions, as well as agreement to consensus states outside the convex hull of the initial positions of the agents. We investigate in great detail the special case of three agents, which results in non-trivial geometric patterns described by ellipsoidal, epitrochoidal and hypotrochoidal curves.
An instrument to relieve inferior vena cava occlusion

THE. RELIEF Of inferior vena cava occlusion by left uterine displacement, the most valuable method to correct maternal hypotension prior to vaginal delivery under spinal anesthesia,1 awaits full utilization in cesarean section. Although left uterine displacement is produced easily, maintaining the displacement during cesarean section is difficult because the anesthesiologist does not have access to the right side of the patient. This space is occupied by the surgical assistant or occasionally by the surgeon, neither of whom for more than a moment can exclude a hand from the operation to hold the uterus to the side. This report describes and evaluates an instrument to maintain continuous left uterine displacement prior to delivery without interfering with the performance of cesarean section. The instrument,* made of stainless steel, is shown in Fig. 1. The angular mounting of the horizontal piece provided by the slot and groove arrangement eliminates interference with the person working from the right side of the table. Also, contact with the thigh when the legs are in stirrups is avoided if used during vaginal delivery. The body contact bar is placed just above and between the rib margin and iliac crest (Fig. 2). Because of uterine mobility, displacement is easily produced and the instrument merely maintains displacement. Continuous left uterine displacement main-
The Struggle over Parcel C: How Boston's Chinatown Won a Victory in the Fight Against Institutional Expansion and Environmental Racism

(1995). The Struggle over Parcel C: How Boston's Chinatown Won a Victory in the Fight Against Institutional Expansion and Environmental Racism. Amerasia Journal: Vol. 21, No. 3, pp. 99-120.
Far-from-equilibrium fluctuations triggering RNA de novo synthesis

The fluctuations for very low total template concentration (5–104 molecules/cm3) are calculated theoretically for a self-replicating RNA system catalyzed by highly purifiedQβ replicase, by means of a center manifold stochastic treatment. The results provide an explanation of the experimental observation that at 0.15 mM nucleoside triphosphate concentration, no RNA can be synthesizedde novo, although the templatedirected synthesis proceeds normally. The role of intrinsic template fluctuations, under far-from-equilibrium conditions; in triggeringde novo (template-free) replication is elucidated.
Control of Precursors for BSCCO Powder-in-Tube Process by Cryoprocessing

Critical current densities of Bi-2223 tapes made by the oxide-powder-in-tube (OPIT) process depend on the microstructure of the superconductor. Conventional ceramic synthesis techniques lead to a multiphase microstructure with large second phase particles and poor grain alignment, which can disrupt the path for current transport. To overcome the limitations of conventional processing, a cryoprocessing technique (freeze-drying) was developed, which provided control of the phase assemblage to be packed into the Ag tubes before mechanical working. The freeze-drying process resulted in intimate mixing of CaCuO2 and Bi1.8Pb0.4Sr2CaCu2Oz and led to rapid formation of the 2223 phase with a minimum of impurity phases. The process allows for the large scale synthesis of precursors specifically tailored to the manufacture of long lengths of tapes by the OPIT process.
Outside Director Compensation and Accruals Quality

Ever since corporate governance issues have taken the front seat, one of the developments in the corporate governance reform is the sharp increase on the pay to the outside directors. The debate is heating up on whether it is due to optimal contracting or entrenchment. The purposes of this research are twofold. First is to empirically examine if increasing the amount and/or portion of equity-based to total compensation to outside directors would improve the board's monitoring function, which in turn would lead to higher quality of earnings. Second is to assess if the aforementioned relationship is stronger for firms with a more independent board and/or for firms instituting an audit committee with financial expertise. A cross-sectional sample of 963 S&P Super 1,500 companies is analyzed. The results indicate that increasing both the total amount of compensation and the portion of equity-based compensation to total compensation is positively related to higher quality of earnings. Also, when a company separates its chair of the board with CEO, or has an independent board leadership, the incentive effects of having higher equity-based to total compensation on quality of earnings is more pronounced. However, the results do not support the contention that firms instituting an audit committee with financial expertise will enhance the compensation incentive effect on quality of earnings.
ESTIMATES OF THE PRICE ELASTICITY OF SWITCHING BETWEEN BRANDED AND GENERIC DRUGS

We estimate price elasticities of switching from branded to generic drugs for two widely used drugs: Prozac and Zocor. We find the price elasticity of switching varies by drug and is between 0.01 and 0.10. While elasticity estimates for Zocor are robust to the inclusion of controls for supply‐side factors, those for Prozac are not. Our results indicate consumers in managed care plans are most responsive to differences in out‐of‐pocket (OOP) cost, and we estimate that a 10% increase in the OOP cost difference between Zocor and generic Simvastatin increases an individual's probability of switching to the generic by approximately 0.3%. This would result in a modest total savings of $36,700 among our sample of 114,218 privately insured Zocor users. Our finding that individuals are relatively unresponsive to the lower prices caused by generic introduction implies that policies targeting supply‐side behavior are likely to have a larger effect on generic uptake than price‐based inducements. If generic‐uptake did occur immediately within the first 18 months after generic introduction, the total savings among individuals and insurance companies within our sample would be approximately $7 million for Zocor and $255,000 for Prozac. (JEL I11, I18)
Local Emissions and Regional Wildfires Influence Refractory Black Carbon Observations Near Palmer Station, Antarctica

Antarctica is often regarded as the most pristine continent on Earth. However, local human activity can be significant point sources of production of contaminants, as well as light absorbing aerosols, such as black carbon (BC). In May 2015, over the Austral fall season (at the beginning of the accumulation season), surface snow was sampled at eight sites along a 1.7 km transect extending from Palmer Station, Antarctica. Two additional sites were sampled on Biscoe Point 14 km from the station. Snow samples were analyzed for refractory black carbon (rBC) with a Single Particle Soot Photometer (SP2). rBC concentrations increased with proximity to the Palmer Station 1.2 - 16.5 µg-rBC/L-H2O (4.7 ± 4.9 µg-rBC/L-H2O) and were higher than other studies of rBC in snow, such as in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica (MDV) and the Clean Air Sector of the South Pole Station (CAS-SP), except on the more remote Biscoe Island, 0.4 - 1.2 µg-rBC/L-H2O, which had similar background concentrations to the MDV and CAS-SP, 0.3 - 1.2 (0.6 ± 0.3 µg-rBC/L-H2O) and (0.14 – 0.80 µg-rBC/L-H2O), respectively. However, concentrations were lower than previous observations at South Pole Station downwind of the generator and long the runway (6.6 – 7000 µg-rBC/L-H2O). Palmer Station is located on the southwestern coast of Anvers Island which lies off the western coast of the Antarctic Peninsula at 64° 46’S, 64° 03’ W. Comparison with the Navy Aerosol Analysis Prediction System (NAAPS) model show that wildfire smoke may have reached this region of the Antarctic continent during the time period of the deposition of this seasonal snow, suggesting the increase in rBC may be a combination of local combustion of fossil fuels and regional wildfires. Although significant increases in rBC concentrations are found within a km of Palmer Station, like the South Pole Station, rBC is limited to a few kms from the station. Additionally, these measurements of rBC, which may be the only BC measurements in snow on the Antarctic Peninsula, show that background levels are similar to other locations on the continent.
A genome-wide CRISPR screen reveals a role for the BRD9-containing non-canonical BAF complex in regulatory T cells

Summary Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a pivotal role in suppressing auto-reactive T cells and maintaining immune homeostasis. Treg development and function are dependent on the transcription factor Foxp3. Here we performed a genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 knockout screen to identify the regulators of Foxp3 in mouse primary Tregs. The results showed that Foxp3 regulators are highly enriched in genes encoding SWI/SNF and SAGA complex subunits. Among the three SWI/SNF-related complexes, the non-canonical or ncBAF (also called GBAF or BRD9-containing BAF) complex promoted the expression of Foxp3, whereas the PBAF complex repressed its expression. Gene ablation of BRD9 led to compromised Treg function in inflammatory disease and tumor immunity. Functional genomics revealed that BRD9 is required for Foxp3 binding and expression of a subset of Foxp3 target genes. Thus, we provide an unbiased analysis of genes and networks regulating Foxp3, and reveal ncBAF complex as a novel target that could be exploited to manipulate Treg function.
A case study of the 1115 waiver using population health informatics to address disparities

As participants in the California Medicaid 1115 waiver, the University of California San Diego Health (UCSDH) used population health informatics tools to address health disparities. This case study describes a modern application of health informatics to improve data capture, describe health disparities through demographic stratification, and drive reliable care through electronic medical record-based registries. We provide a details in our successful approach using (1) standardized collection of race, ethnicity, language, sexual orientation, and gender identity data, (2) stratification of 8 quality measures by demographic profile, and (3) improved quality performance through registries for wellness, social determinants of health, and chronic disease. A strong population health platform paired with executive support, physician leadership, education and training, and workflow redesign can improve the representation of diversity and drive reliable processes for care delivery that improve health equity.
Trauma exposure, suicidality, and reporting in college students

Objective: Researchers explored the link between individual trauma history, lifetime suicide risk, and reporting of suicidal ideation in undergraduate students.Participants: A sample of 372 undergraduate students (130 males and 242 females) at two institutions completed measures of their personal trauma histories and suicidality in the Fall of 2017.Methods: Categories of suicidality from the Suicide Behavior Questionnaire were reported, along with odds ratios from multivariate associations of traumatic events with lifetime suicidality.Results: Suicidality is prevalent in college students. Traumas, such as rape, which are endemic to the college experience are significant risk factors for suicidality. Students reported reaching out for help when suicidal.Conclusions: Awareness of trauma history will give a more comprehensive understanding of suicide risk among college students. Additionally, suicide safety programs may consider a broad scope for campus preparedness in order to support the large number of students with suicidal ideation that seek help.
Improving behaviors and placement stability for young foster children: An open trial of Parent-Child Care (PC-CARE) in the child welfare system

Abstract Young children in the foster system, who have experienced various traumas, are at risk for mental health problems, particularly externalizing and trauma-related behaviors. Such problems are related to placement instability and future difficulties. Many interventions for foster children take months to implement and tend to target only children with moderate to severe behavior problems. This study presents preliminary findings from a county-wide implementation of Parent-Child Care (PC-CARE), a 7-session dyadic intervention, as a secondary prevention service for all children aged 1–5 years in new foster placements, with the goal of improving children’s behavioral adjustment and placement stability. Method Participants included 153 children aged 1–5 years (50% male) who participated in at least one PC-CARE session with their foster caregivers in the first 90 days of placement. Results Children who completed PC-CARE showed significant decreases in trauma and behavior symptoms and increases in positive behaviors (i.e., initiative, self-regulation), and caregiver-child relationships from pre- to post-intervention. Children who completed PC-CARE showed more placement stability and fewer placements disruptions to another foster home at one- and six-months post-intervention than children who did not complete PC-CARE. Conclusion PC-CARE appears to be a promising secondary prevention service within child welfare associated with improvements in children’s adjustment to new foster placements and increased placement stability.
Transfer RNA Genes Affect Chromosome Structure and Function via Local Effects

The genome is packaged and organized in an ordered, non-random manner and specific chromatin segments contact nuclear substructures to mediate this organization. While transfer RNA genes (tDNAs) are essential for the generation of tRNAs, these loci are also binding sites for transcription factors and architectural proteins and are thought to play an important role in the organization of the genome. In this study, we investigate the role of tDNAs in genomic organization and chromosome function by editing a chromosome so that it lacks any tDNAs. Surprisingly our analyses of this tDNA-less chromosome show that loss of tDNAs does not grossly affect chromosome folding or chromosome tethering. However, loss of tDNAs affects local nucleosome positioning and the binding of SMC proteins at these loci. The absence of tDNAs also leads to changes in centromere clustering and a reduction in the frequency of long range HML-HMR heterochromatin clustering. We propose that the tDNAs primarily affect local chromatin structure that result in effects on long-range chromosome architecture.