cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Management of Protein and Energy Intake in Dialysis Patients

Malnutrition is not uncommon in patients with end-stage renal disease treated with maintenance dialysis. The presence of several abnormal parameters of nutritional status are reported to be predictive of poorer outcomes in these patients, compared to dialysis patients without evidence of malnutrition. This article describes methods that may be used to recognize the presence of malnutrition in end-stage renal disease patients and the management of protein and energy intake. Whether the correction of malnutrition will improve outcomes, such as morbidity and mortality, is unknown.
Magnetic Resonance Image-Guided Neurosurgery

Introduced for use in diagnosis in the mid-1980s, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has evolved into the leading modality for use in neurosurgery treatment. The first iMRI system for use in neurosurgery was an open access MRI scanner (SIGNA SP, General Electric Medical System, Milwaukee, WI) codeveloped by GE and investigators of the Brigham and Women’s Hospital at Harvard Medical School that incorporated several concepts and objectives of intraoperative guidance that have since been widely adopted. With the development of higher-field magnets, we are able to achieve excellent image quality and spatial resolution to depict the most exquisite details of the brain’s anatomy so that when MRI is used intraoperatively, it can provide clinicians with much information including an understanding of brain shift and deformations and even data on tissue temperature. Indeed, new MR sequence parameters allow for what modern neurosurgery requires and that is imaging of both brain morphology and function during surgery. Importantly, iMRI, though it entails a longer neurosurgical procedure time, offers a lower percentage of total complications compared to when it is not employed. Through the capabilities of modern MRI technology, IMRI enables and will continue to enable new therapeutic methods like MRI-guided thermal ablations and image-guided robotic tools. With the clinical introduction of these advances, iMRI is rapidly changing the practice of neurosurgery as is seen, in part, by the fact that, today, more than 100 iMRI systems are in use for neurosurgical guidance worldwide.
Direct inhibition of CD40L expression can contribute to the clinical efficacy of daclizumab independently of its effects on cell division and Th1/Th2 cytokine production

Humanized anti-CD25 antibodies (eg, daclizumab) have been successfully used to treat several autoimmune diseases. Paradoxically, IL-2 blockade in mice can induce autoimmunity. An interspecies difference in the relative contribution of IL-2 to CD25+ T regulatory cell (CD25+Treg) versus CD25+ effector cell function might explain this conundrum. Consistent with this are reports that daclizumab inhibits human CD25+ effector cell cytokine production by blocking the expression of CD40L. However, in mice, IL-4 and IL-12 regulate CD40L expression. As human Th1/Th2 cytokine production is also dependent on IL-2, daclizumab's inhibition of CD40L expression could be due to an indirect, rather than a direct, effect of IL-2. Here, we clarify the mechanisms underlying CD40L expression. In contrast to the mouse, human CD40L is regulated by CD28 signaling and IL-2, not the principal Th1/Th2-polarizing cytokines. We find that CD40L is expressed on naive and memory cells and inhibited by daclizumab independently of cell division. Collectively, our results indicate that daclizumab could inhibit CD25+ effector T-cell function in vivo by directly blocking CD40L expression. This difference between mice and human may help explain the paradoxical effects of IL-2R blockade in the 2 species.
Physiology and treatment of hypertension

Abstract Childhood hypertension (HT) is an increasing problem brought about by the epidemic of obesity. This is particularly true in adolescents, where currently Primary HT (PHT) is more common than secondary HT (SHT). The pathophysiology of PHT is complex and involves the interplay of genetic, congenital and environmental factors. It is important that every child with HT has a thorough evaluation so that any secondary cause of HT is identified and managed appropriately. There is increasing role for ABPM in the diagnosis and management of HT. Non-pharmacological therapy should be commenced on all children with hypertension and also those with high normal BP. The decision to initiate antihypertensive therapy should not be based on BP readings alone but should consider the presence or absence of end organ damage and other risk factors such as obesity, kidney disease and family history. Long term studies detailing the outcome of childhood HT and treatment are lacking. Since adult studies have demonstrated that treatment of hypertension leads to improved cardiovascular outcomes, it is imperative that HT is promptly diagnosed and appropriate treatment is commenced to prevent progression of end organ damage.
Risk, Protective Factors, and Supportive Interventions in Chronic Airway Obstruction

• Fifty-nine patients with chronic airway obstruction completed the Schedule of Recent Experiences and Social Assets Scale (SAS) to measure life stress and social supports. Patients with highest stress and lowest SAS scores (the high-risk group) were randomly assigned to a pulmonary rehabilitation group, self-help support group, or waiting-list control group. Patients with lower stress and/or higher SAS scores (the lowrisk group) served as controls. Six months later, a records review showed that high-risk control patients were hospitalized more often than low-risk control patients and for more days than high-risk patients in rehabilitation and self-help support groups. Discriminant analysis determined that SAS and life stress scores predicted subsequent hospitalization, but age, sex, previous hospitalizations, and severity of illness did not. Measurements of stress and social supports can help identify high-risk patients. In turn, professionals might assist these patients by increasing their supports.
Taste placodes are primary targets of geniculate but not trigeminal sensory axons in mouse developing tongue

Tongue embryonic taste buds begin to differentiate before the onset of gustatory papilla formation in murine. In light of this previous finding, we sought to reexamine the developing sensory innervation as it extends toward the lingual epithelium between E 11.5 and 14.5. Nerve tracings with fluorescent lipophilic dyes followed by confocal microscope examination were used to study the terminal branching of chorda tympani and lingual nerves. At E11.5, we confirmed that the chorda tympani nerve provided for most of the nerve branching in the tongue swellings. At E12.5, we show that the lingual nerve contribution to the overall innervation of the lingual swellings increased to the extent that its ramifications matched those of the chorda tympani nerve. At E13.0, the chorda tympani nerve terminal arborizations appeared more complex than those of the lingual nerve. While the chorda tympani nerve terminal branching appeared close to the lingual epithelium that of the trigeminal nerve remained rather confined to the subepithelial mesenchymal tissue. At E13.5, chorda tympani nerve terminals projected specifically to an ordered set of loci on the tongue dorsum corresponding to the epithelial placodes. In contrast, the lingual nerve terminals remained subepithelial with no branches directed towards the placodes. At E14.5, chorda tympani nerve filopodia first entered the apical epithelium of the developing fungiform papilla. The results suggest that there may be no significant delay between the differentiation of embryonic taste buds and their initial innervation.
Evidence Mandating Earlier and More Aggressive Treatment of Hypercholesterolemia

The long-standing controversy over the validity of the lipid hypothesis of atherosclerosis has been settled.1–3 In several large-scale, 5-year trials, statins have reduced coronary heart disease (CHD) morbidity and mortality by ≈30%, and the magnitude of the protective effect mirrored the magnitude of the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) lowering.4 However, as has been quite correctly pointed out,5,6 some 70% of those expected to have an event (based on the number of events in the control group) went on to have one during the 5 years of the trial despite statin therapy. For example, in the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study, 502 events occurred in the untreated group and 353 in the statin-treated group. The number of events prevented (n=149), as a percentage of the number expected, was 29.7% (149/502×100); the number of events in the statin group that were not prevented (353) amounts to 70.3% (353/502×100). Looked at this way, the results are admittedly not quite so impressive. In fact, some investigators are now taking the position that we can expect to achieve higher salvage rates only if we supplement LDL-lowering therapies with alternative interventions such as the use of antiinflammatory agents or immunotherapy. This may turn out to be true. However, it is much too early to reach that conclusion for reasons we discuss here. The search for alternative or supplementary therapies is already in full swing and should continue.6–8 We are confident that one day these additional therapies will take their place alongside cholesterol-lowering agents in our armamentarium. However, we believe that the results of the statin trials to date considerably underestimate the full potential of cholesterol-lowering strategies. It would be unfortunate if efforts to fully exploit that potential faltered because of a misplaced pessimism based on the statin results to date. Our current approaches may …
Effect of glucose feeding on net transport of plasma free fatty acids

The effect of a single glucose feeding upon the net inflow and outflow transport of plasma free fatty acids (FFA) has been studied in 75 unanesthetized rats. The animals were fasted for 22 +/- 2 hr; then 50 rats were refed 2 ml of 50% glucose by gastric intubation. At 0, 10-15, and 30-35 min after glucose refeeding, the rats were injected with palmitate-1-(14)C complexed to rat serum. The tracer dose included (131)I-labeled albumin. Plasma FFA concentration, (131)I concentration, and FFA-(14)C were measured at five time intervals after injection of the tracer dose. From these data the irreversible disposal rate, or net outflow transport, and the net inflow transport of plasma FFA were calculated. Estimations were based upon a special case of a general solution for measuring net inflow and outflow transport of a circulating metabolite. The general solution is independent of the number of compartments, how they are interconnected, the number of nonradioactive inflows, and where the inflows enter the system. Net inflow = net outflow transport = 7.6 micro eq/min in the fasted state and 3.5 micro eq/min in the new steady state that is reached 30-40 min after glucose refeeding. A very slight imbalance between the rates of net inflow and outflow transport could account for the rapid fall in plasma FFA concentration that results from a single glucose feeding. Theoretical and practical problems associated with studying inflow and outflow transport by means of the technique using a single injection of racer are discussed.
Negative autoregulation by Ultrabithorax controls the level and pattern of its expression

The Drosophila homeotic gene Ultrabithorax (Ubx) encodes transcriptional regulatory proteins (UBX) that specify thoracic and abdominal segmental identities. Ubx autoregulation was examined by manipulating UBX levels, both genetically and with an inducible transgene, and monitoring the effect of these manipulations on the expression of Ubx and Ubx-lacZ reporter genes. Positive autoregulation by Ubx is restricted to the visceral mesoderm, while in other tissues Ubx negatively autoregulates. In some cases, negative autoregulation stabilizes UBX levels, while in others it modulates the spatial and temporal patterns of UBX expression. This modulation of UBX expression may enable Ubx to specify distinct identities in different segments. The upstream control region of Ubx contains multiple autoregulatory elements for both positive and negative autoregulation.
An Efficient De-noising Technique for Fingerprint Image Using Wavelet Transformation

Fingerprint acts as a vital role for user authentication as it is unique and not duplicated. For this reason fingerprint images are taken for different computer security purposes. Unfortunately reference fingerprints may get corrupted with noise during acquisition, transmission, or retrieval from storage media. Many image-processing algorithms such as pattern recognition need a clean fingerprint image to work effectively which in turn needs effective ways of de-noising such images. In this paper, we propose an adaptive method of image de-noising in the wavelet sub-band domain assuming the images to be contaminated with noise based on threshold estimation for each sub-band. Under this framework, the proposed technique estimates the threshold level by apply sub-band of each decomposition level. This paper entails the development of a new MATLAB function based on our algorithm. The experimental evaluation of our proposition reveals that our method removes noise more effectively than the in-built function provided by MATLAB.
Subacute bacterial endocarditis caused by Eubacterium aerofaciens: report of a case.

The first case of subacute bacterial endocarditis due to Eubacterium aerofaciens is reported. The organism was isolated from a 28-year-old woman with a history of rheumatic heart disease. Identification of this unusual anaerobic microorganism by typical cellular and colonial morphology and physiologic characteristics are discussed. More frequent isolation and identification of Eubacterium aerofaciens from clinical specimens may result from awareness of these key characteristics.
Sorting It Out Cultural Competency and Healthcare Literacy in the World Today

Healthcare literacy and cultural competence are necessary components in keeping patients informed. Nurses are the foundation of healthcare and pivotal in creating trusting relationships with patients by sharing information. Respect is key in developing a tailored approach to individuals' healthcare literacy and nurses' cultural competence. In practice, the consequence of understanding healthcare literacy and being culturally competent should not be understated. Whether on a mission trip to another country or working in a clinic in the United States, diverse cultures abound. While a person from a particular culture may have some of the same beliefs of others in a culture, the breadth of expression of culture, personal beliefs, and worldview may be vastly different. Humans express themselves in unique ways even within cultures. Seeking ways to understand one another is vital not only in healthcare but in all aspects of life.
Effects of pyriproxyfen on engorged females and newly oviposited eggs of the lone star tick (Acari: Ixodidae)

Engorged females and 1- to 3-d-old eggs of the lone star tick, Amblyomma americanum (L), were exposed to 9 treatments of pyriproxyfen (4, 8, and 16 micrograms/cm2) in glass vials at exposure periods of 7 d, 14 d, and continuous at each dosage level. Treatment of newly engorged females did not affect the number of females ovipositing, but the number of eggs oviposited decreased as dosage and exposure time increased. Complete inhibition of egg hatch occurred at all treatment levels except that of the lowest dosage and exposure time where 99.9% inhibition was observed. Egg masses from treated females contained eggs that turned a dark amber color and imploded, retained normal shape and color without visible evidence of embryogenesis, or had developed embryos that were unable to emerge. Treatments of 1-to 3-d-old eggs were effective in reducing hatch and larval survivorship to 25 d after emergence only at the continuous exposures of dosages of 4, 8, and 16 micrograms/cm2. Larvae emerging from eggs treated at the lower dosage rates of 0.2 and 0.02 microgram/cm2 were as successful in feeding on chickens and subsequently molting as acetone treated control ticks.
Intrarenal Renin–Angiotensin System: Locally Synthesized or Taken up Via Endocytosis?

See related article, pp 927–933 The renin–angiotensin system (RAS) has long been recognized to play a preeminent role in the control of blood pressure and the development of hypertension. There is a general consensus that both the circulating (endocrine) and the local (paracrine) RAS act together to regulate vascular tone, sympathetic outflow, renal tubular and vascular function, pressure natriuresis, and blood pressure. However, it has been difficult to dissect the specific contributions of the circulating versus the local RAS to the regulation of renal function because components of the RAS in the proximal tubule can be absorbed or taken up by endocytosis as well as synthetized locally. In this issue of Hypertension , Roksnoer et al1 used a variety of approaches to better define the origin of renin and prorenin found in the proximal tubule and urine. The existence of the intrarenal RAS is strongly supported by the observations that the concentrations of angiotensin I (Ang I) and II in proximal tubular fluid and in the kidney often exceed that of plasma, and components of the RAS in the kidney can be regulated independently from circulating levels.2 In addition, prorenin, angiotensinogen, and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) are all synthetized in various nephron segments.2 Indeed, as summarized in Figure, Ang I and II as well as renin, prorenin, angiotensinogen, and ACE proteins are all expressed in the proximal tubule. Furthermore, prorenin and ACE proteins are localized in the cortical collecting duct. Prorenin, renin, angiotensinogen, and Ang II are also excreted and the levels in urine increase in some forms of hypertension and renal disease.3,4 The prevailing view is that circulating Ang I and II are filtered and reabsorbed in the proximal tubule. Ang II is also formed locally through the interactions of renin, angiotensinogen, and …
Medroxyprogesterone acetate (Depo-Provera) use in adolescents: Uterine bleeding and blood pressure patterns, patient satisfaction, and continuation rates

Study Objective: This study examined the utilization of medroxyprogesterone acetate (Depo-Provera) in adolescent patients to determine selected side effects, degree of satisfaction, and continuation rates. Design: The design was a retrospective chart review of 50 adolescent patients totaling 384 clinic visits and accumulating 1007 woman-months of experience on DepoProvera. Setting: The Teenage Clinic at Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, was the setting for this study. Participants: The mean age was 15.6 (±2.5); racial distribution was 52% African-American and 48% white. The mean number of visits per patient was 7.4 (±7.9), ranging from 2 to 39 visits. Interventions: Each patient was given Depo-Provera for either a pre-existing medical indication or for contraception. Main Outcome Measures: Uterine bleeding patterns, blood pressure readings, patient satisfaction, and continuation rates. Results: A strong correlation was found between length of time on Depo-Provera and amenorrhea and spotting (p < 0.01). No new recordings of hypertension occurred. The majority of patients expressed overall satisfaction with Depo-Provera, and most found amenorrhea to be a positive aspect of the drug. Continuation rates exceeded 50% after 2 years and generally fell within ranges reported for adult women. No pregnancies were recorded during the course of the study. Conclusions: This study indicates that Depo-Provera can be used in an adolescent population with a high degree of acceptability and does not increase patient risk for hypertension. The likelihood of amenorrhea increases greatly with duration of treatment and does not seem to deter the continuation of its use.
Menstrual Disorders of Adolescence

Adolescent menstrual disorders include precocious puberty, delayed menarche, dysfunctional uterine bleeding, and dysmenorrhea. The menarche normally takes place between the ages of 9 and 16 years. Precocious puberty of constitutional origin, by far the most common variety, is characterized by accelerated but otherwise normal sexual maturation. Recognition of delayed maturity hinges on other evidence of “lateness” and on absence of endocrine stigmas. Early in adolescence the menstrual cycles are often bizarre by adult standards. Progesterone is the mainstay of therapy for abnormal uterine bleeding in adolescence. Dysmenorrhea deserves special attention because it engenders fears of marital or reproductive disaster.
The Normative Dimensions of Laporte’s Institutional Stewardship: High Reliability, Institutional Constancy, and Public Trust and Confidence

Todd Laporte’s contribution to knowledge about Hazardous Large Technical Systems and Critical Infrastructure systems has provided a way to place them in sociological context. His development of the concept of Institutional Stewardship, as an amalgamation of High Reliability Organizations, Institutional Constancy and Public Trust and Confidence, has provided a way of understanding the enormous public challenges of managing and maintaining systems the create public vulnerabilities. This article describes Institutional Stewardship as the combination of these three areas of Laporte’s scholarship and develops the implicit normative domain in which the Institutional Stewardship concept exists. The paper suggests the development of the Vulnerability Principle as a way of bringing the requirement of Institutional Stewardship to the management of Hazardous Large Technical Systems and Critical Infrastructures.
COGNITIVE INDUCTION OF ANGER AND DEPRESSION: THE ROLE OF POWER, ATTRIBUTION, AND GENDER

The causes of and contributors to negative emotions have been areas of interest in psychology for decades. Recent work has shown a variety of negative emotions, including anger and depression, to be related. The present study investigated the effects of power, attributional style, and gender on anger and depression using a series of narrative mood inductions presented to 120 undergraduates. Results indicated that participants in the external attribution and low power conditions demonstrated significantly higher levels of postinduction anger than those in other conditions. In addition, the influence of internal attributions on postinduction depression scores approached significance. The effectiveness of the study's mood induction methodology is discussed and suggestions are made for future research.
Perceptual Audio Coding - A History and Timeline

Perceptual Audio Coding, now a very common technology, is a classic example of a technology that arose in several places simultaneously when the "time was right". Here, we will mostly discuss the timeline from the point of view of the people who worked on and about perceptual coding (both audio and video) at AT&T Bell Labs and its successor AT&T Labs Research.
E-pO2− diagram for rare earth elements in molten salt

Abstract Electro-reduction of spent nuclear oxide fuels in molten salt was the key step of pyroprocessing for oxide fuel treatment. In the present study, the E - p O 2− diagram for rare earth elements in molten LiCl-KCl at 450 °C were developed based available experimental data. E - p O 2− diagrams could show the stability of each chemical compound in the salt, and therefore, the diagrams could be applied to predict experimental conditions for electro-reduction of spent nuclear fuel efficiently. Compared with the available E - p O 2− diagrams, the present study concerned the activity coefficient of the element studied in the molten salt in all reactions, which made the diagram be more reliable and accurate.
Development and Characterization of a Novel Human Xenograft Model Using an MDS Patient-Derived Cell Line

Abstract Abstract 3814 Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are hematopoietic stem cell disorders, defined by ineffective hematopoiesis, blood cytopenias, myeloid dysplasia, and an increased risk of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Immunodeficient mice engineered to support human tumor xenografts represent a pivotal development in the study of human cancers. The xenograft model has been an attractive approach to interrogate human AML; in contrast, MDS patient samples exhibit negligible or poor engraftment, with no evidence of disease in immunocompromised recipient mice. To circumvent this limitation we developed a novel xenograft mouse model using an MDS cell line, MDSL. The MDSL cell line was derived from the non-leukemic phase of an MDS patient with refractory anemia-ringer sideroblasts, and has maintained growth-factor dependence and sensitivity to Lenalidomide. Two immunocomprismised mouse stains were used for xenotransplantation of MDSL cell: NOD/LtSz-scid IL2RG (NSG) and NOD/LtSz-scid IL2RG-SGM3 (NSGS). NSGS mice are identical to NSG except that they have been engineered to express three human cytokines, SCF, GM-CSF and IL-3, to improve engraftment of human hematopoietic cells. Following transplantation of MDSL cells by either intrafemoral or intravenous injection, NSG and NSGS animals exhibited human cell grafts in the bone marrow, peripheral blood, and spleen. Subsequently, mice developed a fatal disease exhibiting features of human MDS, including anemia and thrombocytopenia, which coincides with clonal expansion and increased human cell graft in all hematopoietic organs. The median survival for NSGS and NSG mice was 21 and 55 days post-injection, respectively. The shortened latency in NSGS mice suggests that the expression of human cytokines accelerates the growth and enhances survival of the MDSL cells in vivo. MDSL cells isolated from the bone marrow of primary recipient mice were capable of initiating an MDS-like disease in secondary recipients. Given that few preclinical options for MDS are available, we also evaluated whether this model is suitable for therapeutic studies. Since MDSL cells are sensitive to Lenalidomide and IRAK1 Inhibitor (Rhyasen et al, ASH 2011), we evaluated the effects of these drugs in the xenograft model. After xenotransplantation of MDSL cells, NSGS mice were administered either Lenalidomide or IRAK1 Inhibitor. Our preliminary findings indicate that mice xenografted with MDSL cells are amenable to drug delivery and show a response to treatment. In summary this work describes a novel xenograft model of human MDS, the first to develop clinical features resembling human disease. In addition, we predict that this model will also be useful for preclinical studies to examine novel and existing MDS therapies. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Delocalization in Cr3+ luminescence of clinochlore: A pressure-induced transition from single-ion emission to pair emission

Abstract The luminescence spectra of Cr 3+ in (Mg,Fe 2+ ) 5 Al(Si 3 Al)O 10 (OH) 8 -clinochlore, a layered silicate compound, are reported to pressures of ∼25 GPa at 298 K: our results encompass emission from single-ions, paired neighbors and vibronic lines. A transition from sharp single Cr 3+ ion (R-line) dominated emission to Cr-Cr pair (N-Line) dominated emission is observed under compression. Since Cr atoms are confined to a discrete layer within the structure, efficient Cr-Cr exchange only occurs within a single layer; the distance between the layers is too large for significant interlayer coupling to occur. This 2-dimensional, single-layer arrangement gives rise to three distinguishable Cr 3+ nearest neighbor pairs. Neighbor lines are assigned based on ferromagnetic coupling of these three emitting pairs. We observe a decrease in the separation between the split components of the R-line under compression, confirming that the Cr sites become less distorted up to at least ∼11.0 GPa. An increase in overlap between e g orbitals of neighboring Cr-ions (corresponding to delocalization of the excited state) under compression also likely occurs. The R-to N-line transition is fully reversible and hysteresis is not observed, indicating that this transition is purely electronic in nature. The intensity transfer between the single-ion and paired-ion emission changes with a ∼1/4th power law as a function of the Cr-Cr separation.
Novel microsatellite development and characterization for Phacelia formosula (Hydrophyllaceae).

Premise of the study: Microsatellite primers were developed to characterize genetic diversity and structuring in the genus Phacelia (Hydrophyllaceae) and to further conservation efforts for P. formosula. Methods and Results: Fifteen novel microsatellite primers were developed for P. formosula. These were characterized for genetic variation in three separate P. formosula populations. Two to nine alleles were found per locus. Overall observed heterozygosity and expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.000 to 0.800 and 0.000 to 0.840, respectively. Additionally, these loci were successfully amplified and showed polymorphism in P. gina-glenneae and a potential new Phacelia species. Conclusions: These microsatellite markers will be useful in assessing genetic diversity, structuring, and gene flow within and among populations of the rare P. formosula, in addition to related Phacelia species. These markers will provide important genetic data needed for appropriate conservation and management of these rare plants.
Catching the Zebra: Clinical Pearls and Pitfalls for the Successful Diagnosis of Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome.

Zollinger–Ellison syndrome (ZES) results from an ectopic gastrin-secreting tumor leading to peptic ulcer disease, reflux, and chronic diarrhea. While early recognition portends an excellent prognosis with >80% survival at 15 years, symptoms are often nonspecific making the diagnosis difficult to establish. Diagnosis involves a series of tests, including fasting gastrin, gastric pH, chromogranin A, and secretin stimulation. Performing these tests in the correct sequence and at the proper time is essential to avoid inaccurate results. Tumor localization is equally nuanced. Although providers have classically used 111indium-radiolabeled octreotide with somatostatin receptor scintigraphy to evaluate tumor size and metastases, recent studies have shown superior results with newer imaging modalities. In particular, 68gallium (68Ga)-labeled somatostatin radiotracers (i.e., 68Ga-DOTATOC, 68Ga-DOTANOC and 68Ga-DOTATATE) used with positron emission tomography/computed tomography can provide excellent results. Endoscopic ultrasound is another useful modality, particularly in patients with ZES in the setting of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1. This review aims to provide clinicians with an overview of ZES with a focus on both clinical presentation and the proper utilization of the various biochemical and imaging tests available.
C-rater: Automated Scoring of Short-Answer Questions

C-rater is an automated scoringengine that has been developed to scoreresponses to content-based short answerquestions. It is not simply a stringmatching program – instead it uses predicateargument structure, pronominal reference,morphological analysis and synonyms to assignfull or partial credit to a short answerquestion. C-rater has been used in two studies:National Assessment for Educational Progress(NAEP) and a statewide assessment in Indiana.In both studies, c-rater agreed with humangraders about 84% of the time.
Influence of media selection on NMR based metabolic profiling of human cell lines

Introduction Comparative metabolic profiling of different human cancer cell lines can reveal metabolic pathways up-regulated or down-regulated in each cell line, potentially providing insight into distinct metabolism taking place in different types of cancer cells. It is noteworthy, however, that human cell lines available from public repositories are deposited with recommended media for optimal growth, and if cell lines to be compared are cultured on different growth media, this introduces a potentially serious confounding variable in metabolic profiling studies designed to identify intrinsic metabolic pathways active in each cell line.
Revenue Recognition and Corporate Counsel

The reported corporate accounting frauds in recent years evidence an epidemic of infectious financial fraud involving an overwhelming number of companies. The scandals are systemic and generally involve a type of accounting fraud that has been termed improper revenue recognition. The fact that corporate officers are using these deceptive devices to create false numbers does not permit corporate lawyers to label these frauds as accounting problems. Rather, the abatement of these sham transactions and resultant disclosure failures is also corporate counsel’s responsibility. With the passing of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, Congress has ordered lawyers to tell corporate directors about evidence of corporate fraud, authorized federal regulation of corporate counsel, and imposed a new federal duty to report evidence of fraud and breaches of fiduciary duty to their corporate clients’ highest authorities. This recently imposed duty, enacted in an environment where most of the fraud has involved deceptive revenue recognition, requires all corporate counsel to have at least the competence of sophomore accounting majors. Corporate counsel can no longer feign ignorance of financial fraud or simply abdicate their responsibilities to the accounting profession.In this article, the author addresses the question of how lawyers must reposition themselves in their role as corporate advisers. It begins by focusing on lawyers’ duty of competence and the intensifying demands that they develop basic accounting skills in order to competently perform their roles as corporate advisers. After the discussion of corporate counsel’s enhanced duty of competence, the author analyzes the materiality doctrine and describes the necessarily subordinate revenue recognition principles generally applied in connection with preparation of financial disclosures. He then describes the more commonly employed abusive revenue recognition practices that have caused the vast majority of revenue restatements in recent years. Because improper revenue recognition has been at the core of many of the current financial scandals and continues to be a major corporate liability risk, the essential competence required of corporate lawyers must include the ability to recognize the most common deceptive revenue recognition devices and the red flags that indicate the possibility of their occurrence. The author concludes that this enhancement of lawyers’ competence will not only serve the interests of their corporate clients, but will also preserve what remains of the traditional role of the legal profession in establishing its owns principles and standards of professional conduct.
Polynomial odes: examples, solutions, properties

Let P be a polynomial from Rn → Rn and D ∈ Rn. I will consider the properties of the class of ODEs Y' = P(y); Y(0) = D and their solutions. The solution space to these ODEs form a proper subspace of the analytic functions with ODEs. They have many interesting algebraic and topological properties. I will present efficient methods for generating the power series solutions to these polynomial initial value ODEs. These methods give a priori error estimates that are optimal in the class of polynomial ODEs. Examples showing the power of these theorems are presented, including Newton's N-Body problem.
Using an acceptance-based behavioral approach as a supplement to obesity treatment: A stepped-care approach

Abstract Objectives The aims of the current study were twofold: 1) examine the effectiveness of an acceptance-based behavioral approach as a supplement to a stepped-care obesity treatment, and 2) examine factors that contribute to poor weight loss outcomes and the need for more intensive treatment. Methods Fifty-three participants recruited from a large southeastern university completed a four-month weight loss program (Mage = 48.0, SDage = 13.2, MBaseline BMI = 35.5, SDBaseline BMI = 5.3, 69.8% female, 56.6% white, 39.6% black, 69.8% college degree or higher). A two-step treatment approach was implemented over four months. Step 1 included the Diabetes Prevention Program manual adapted for self-administration and the exercise and caloric monitoring portion of DPP was augmented by technology. In Step 2, participants who did not meet an established weight loss goal of 2.5% of body weight were randomized to continue with self-help (MISS-SH) or to participate in a weekly acceptance-based weight loss group (MISS-ABT). Results Participants who met a 2.5% weight loss at week 8 and continued with SH (MISS-SH) lost a clinically significant amount of weight, averaging a weight loss of 5.3% (SD = 3.3) over the total 16 weeks of the intervention. Stepped participants randomized to MISS-ABT lost 1.3% of their body weight, and stepped participants randomized to continue with self-help (MISS-SH) achieved a 0.4% weight loss. There was evidence that the MISS-ABT group helped participants who attended the groups more regularly to lose weight. Participants who lost less weight and/or were eligible for stepped-care reported significantly higher levels of depression, internalized weight bias, binge eating, cognitive fusion with food cravings, and obstruction to valued living. Conclusions In this investigation, approximately half of the participants were able to lose a clinically significant amount of weight utilizing a minimally intensive intervention with little additional support. MISS-ABT participants were adherent to treatment and lost significantly more weight than participants eligible for stepped care but randomized to continue with SH. A number of psychological factors discriminated between those who were successful and unsuccessful at losing weight. The current preliminary research offers support to continue investigating ABT's potential beneficial effects in promoting weight loss outcomes.
Complete Genome Sequence of a 2016 Bluetongue Virus Serotype 3 Isolate from Louisiana.

ABSTRACT The full-genome sequence of bluetongue virus serotype 3 (BTV-3) USA2016/LA CC16-564, isolated from a white-tailed deer in East Feliciana Parish, Louisiana, is reported here. Nine genomic segments of this virus have 99% identity with a 2013 BTV-3 isolate from Florida, while segment 10 has 97% identity with 2003 BTV-5 and 2006 BTV-2 isolates from Florida.
Dehumanization of the Opposition in Political Campaigns

Objective This article documents dehumanization in the 2016 presidential contest. Methods Using a mixed‐method approach, I analyze dehumanized portrayals of Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton in visual campaign rhetoric and on common survey measures of dehumanization. Results Images from the campaign discourse reflect animalistic and mechanistic dehumanization of the presidential candidates. The survey data reveal that voters dehumanize opposition candidates and party members in both subtle and blatant ways that also reflect this animalistic–mechanistic distinction. Conclusion The findings affirm the external validity of measurement strategies for dehumanization by showing the correspondence between campaign imagery and common survey‐based measurement tools. This work situates dehumanization as a psychological process relevant to the study of campaigns and elections.
Typical semiology of benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (BCECTS)

The ILAE (1989) has defined benign childhood epilepsy with centro-temporal spikes (BCECTS) as follows: BCECTS is a syndrome of brief, simple, partial, hemifacial motor seizures, frequently having associated somatosensory symptoms which have a tendency to evolve into generalised tonic clonic seizures (GTCS) [1]. Both seizure types are often related to sleep. Onset occurs between the ages of 3 and 13 years (peak 9-10 years) and recovery occurs before the age of 15-16 years. Genetic predisposition is frequent, and there is a male predominance. The EEG has blunt high-voltage centrotemporal spikes, often followed by slow waves that are activated by sleep and tend to shift or spread from side to side.
Sleep Patterns among US Latinos by Nativity and Country of Origin: Results from the National Health Interview Survey.

Background: Sparse data exist to describe national population-level trends in short sleep duration among Latinos. Because short sleep duration is associated with several health conditions that are common in Latinos, such as obesity, diabetes, and hypertension, understanding sleep trends among this population may be key to reduc­ing their disease burden. This study aimed to document Latino subgroup differences in self-reported sleep duration by nativity and country of origin relative to Whites. Design and Setting: Pooled cross-sectional analysis of self-reported data from the Na­tional Health and Interview Survey (NHIS), 2004-2017. Participants: 303,244 respondents, aged 18 to 84 years, who self-identified as non- Latino US-born White, US-born Mexican, foreign-born Mexican, US-born Puerto Rican, island-born Puerto Rican, US-born Cuban, foreign-born Cuban, US-born Dominican, foreign-born Dominican, US-born Central/South American, foreign-born Central/South American, US-born “other” Latino, and foreign-born “other” Latino. Methods: Multinomial logistic regression models were used to predict sleep duration controlling for demographics, acculturation, socioeconomic, and health-related factors. Results: We found that all Latino subgroups (except US-born Cubans) were more likely to report poor sleep duration relative to non-Latino Whites, net of demographic, acculturation, socioeconomic, and health-related characteristics. However, the magnitude of disadvantage varies by Latino subgroup. We also found that poor sleep duration is concentrated among certain age groups for the various Latino subpopula­tions. Conclusions: Given that Latinos in the United States are at higher risk for obesity, diabetes, and hypertension, understanding the patterns of sleep among this popula­tion can help identify strategies to improve sleep habits in order to reduce disease burden. Ethn Dis. 2020;30(1):119-128;doi:10.18865/ed.30.1.119
Solid State Optical Microlasers Fabrication via Microfluidic Channels

In this paper, we propose the use of a microfluidic channel with flow focusing technique to fabricate solid state polymeric microlasers to precisely control sizes for mass production. Microlasers are made from a solution of UV curable polymer, namely polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) with a molecular weight of 700 and rhodamine 6G laser dye at two different volumetric ratios (polymer to dye) of 4:1 and 2:1, respectively, which are used as the dispersed phase. A reservoir filled with liquid polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) was used to cure the microlasers via UV lamp. A microchannel made of (PDMS) and size of 200 µm was used in this paper; mineral oil was selected as the continuous phase. Two experiments are conducted by fixing the pressure flow for the dispersed phase to 188 mbar and 479.9 mbar, respectively. In both experiments, the pressure of the continuous phase (mineral oil) was varied between 1666.9 mbar and 1996.9 mbar. The measurement of the fabricated microlasers’ size was performed with the aid of the MATLAB Image Processing Toolbox by using photographs taken with a CMOS camera. The tunability of the highest size, ranging from 109 µm to 72 µm, was found for the PEGDA to dye ratio of 2:1 (188 mbar) and average standard deviation of 1.49 µm, while no tunability was found for the 4:1 ratio (188 mbar). The tunability of the microlaser’s size, ranging from 139 µm to 130 µm and an average standard deviation value of 1.47 µm, was found for the 4:1 ratio (479.9 mbar). The fabricated microlasers presented a quality factor Q of the order 104, which is suitable for sensing applications. This technique can be used to control the size of the fabrication of a high number of solid state microlaser based UV polymers mixed with laser dyes.
Operations Inside a Crude Oil Refinery

In this chapter, we give brief descriptions of various operations inside a modern crude oil refinery, and the immense benefits that we derive from products made out of crude oil.
Managing a University Inclusive Access (E-Book) Program to Maximize Stakeholder Satisfaction

With the dramatic increase in the cost of textbooks, university Inclusive Access/E-book (IAE) programs have become a popular alternative for providing the required course content to students at a rate that is significantly lower when compared to traditional textbook models. IAE programs typically provide course content to students through a course-fee structure that is added to students’ tuition and fee schedules for each semester. Overall, universities often use IAE programs in an attempt to reduce the cost of textbooks and to increase accessibility to required course material. This chapter conducts a case study examining the university IAE program at Texas A&M University–San Antonio to demonstrate how the four management functions (i.e., planning, organizing, influencing, and controlling) can be utilized for the successful management of an IAE program.
Development of a "pure-tactile" assessment of edge discrimination in the hands and oral cavity.

Abstract Oral cavity edge perception acuity relative to the fingertip has previously been evaluated by the utilization of cognitively-loaded, stereognostic methods. However, with the lack of connection of the tongue to the visual association cortex, there is concern the superior acuity of the fingertip may be attributable to the cognitive component of the task. Here, perception acuity is evaluated by assessing participants’ (n=29) just-noticeable-difference threshold for edge sharpness tiles using the finger and tongue. As expected, the pure-tactile task found greater acuity in the tongue, suggesting the cognitive component of the previous task confounded results and should not be used.
Overview of Ocular Side Effects of Selinexor.

Background/purpose The aim of this review is to elucidate the type and frequency of ocular adverse events associated with selinexor with a goal to quantify the occurrence of these events in our investigator-initiated trial. Methods We retrospectively reviewed medical records of 174 patients treated with at least one dose of selinexor in combination with multiple standard chemotherapy or immunotherapy agents between July 2015 and July 2020 at a comprehensive cancer center in the United States. All reported ocular adverse events were assessed. Results A total of 174 patient medical records were reviewed. All patients received at least one dose of selinexor in combination with multiple standard chemotherapy or immunotherapy agents in our cohort of patients with advanced malignancies. A total of 34 (19.54%) patients experienced 37 ocular adverse events. The most frequently reported ocular symptom was blurred vision, which was reported in 22 (12.6 4%) patients. The most frequently reported treatment-related adverse event was mild age-related nuclear sclerosis (cataract) was reported in 29 (16.66%) patients the with progression reported in 7 (4.0%) patients and dry eye syndrome reported in 21 (12.1%) patients, and 19 (10.9%) of them were diagnosed with mild dry eye. The second most. None of the ocular adverse events required therapy discontinuation CONCLUSION: Our findings highlight that ocular adverse events associated with oral selinexor were mild. The most frequently reported ocular treatment-related adverse events were mild dry eye and progression of age-related nuclear sclerosis. None of the ocular adverse events required therapy discontinuation IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Patients receiving selinexor in combination with multiple standard chemotherapy or immunotherapy agents were reviewed, with a total of 34 patients experiencing 37 ocular adverse events. Findings highlight that ocular adverse events associated with oral selinexor were mild. The most frequently reported ocular treatment-related adverse events were mild dry eye and progression of age-related nuclear sclerosis. None of the ocular adverse events required therapy discontinuation.