cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Exporting Mass Destruction? The Determinants of Dual-Use Trade:

This study applies well-known arguments on the effect of conflict, alliances, and democracy on international trade to identify the determinants of dual-use trade. Dual-use commodities are those that can be used in weapons of mass destruction (WMD) programs or in legitimate civilian applications. This article advances a theory suggesting that governments seeking to maximize the gains from dual-use trade will promote exports to countries where there are security guarantees and restrict exports to countries where security threats exist. Eight hypotheses are tested using data on licensed dual-use exports from the United States to 128 countries between 1991 and 2001. The results indicate that democracy has a positive and significant effect on dual-use exports, while WMD acquisition or pursuit does not necessarily reduce states' access to such commodities. The results vary slightly, based on how dual-use exports are measured. In conducting the first systematic analysis on the determinants of dual-use trade, this study contributes to scholarly understanding of WMD proliferation and research at the nexus of international trade and international security. In particular, it offers important prescriptions for when states are likely to transfer technology that could be used to build WMD. It also encourages further work that disaggregates trade data to examine relationships between particular types of trade and conflict, alliances, free trade agreements, and other political variables.
Are there sex differences in interpersonal perception at zero acquaintance? A social relations analysis.

Abstract This study used Kenny's (1994) Social Relations Model to examine sex differences in interpersonal perception among strangers. In the study, 25 groups of 4 male and 4 female college students who had been previously unacquainted rated themselves and each other on traits representing each of the Big Five personality factors. Consistent with previous studies, participants demonstrated high levels of consensus and self–other agreement for sociability. There were few sex differences in the process of perception at zero acquaintance (i.e., there were similar levels of consensus and self–other agreement regardless of the sex of the perceiver or the target). However, there were noteworthy sex differences in the content of these perceptions; women were rated as more cheerful, responsible, and intelligent than men, and compared to men, women rated others as more sociable and cheerful.
A Holocene Paleoclimatic and Environmental Record from Stoneman Lake, Arizona

Stoneman Lake, Coconino County, Arizona, occupies a 600,000-yr-old caldera on the southern edge of the Colorado Plateau. Changes in fossil diatom floras, pollen profiles, macrofossil remains, and geological characteristics of a sediment core show changing aquatic and terrestrial environments over the past 9000 yr. Cool temperatures and greater effective precipitation than at present are indicated during the early Holocene, prior to 8500 yr B.P. A warmer and drier period followed (8000 and 2000 yr B.P.) during which time a marsh-like environment developed within the caldera, and xeric pleat communities were established along the southern Colorado Plateau. Modern plant communities have existed in this region for the past 6000 yr, although lake conditions have fluctuated.
The identification of some sources of afferent input to the rat nucleus basalis magnocellularis by retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase

Abstract Neurons of the nucleus basalis magnocellularis (NBm) of the rat are contained within the ventromedial globus pallidus and adjacent internal capsule. Horseradish peroxidase injections limited to the ventromedial globus pallidus result in sparse neuronal labeling in a variety of brainstem, thalamic and hypothalamic nuclei, and the basal nuclei and amygdaloid complex. Injections limited to the lateral globus pallidus or substantia innominata also label many of the same nuclei identified after NBm injections. Thus, these contiguous regions have comparable subcortical inputs. By contrast, only NBm injections yielded a large number of labeled neurons in layer V of the dorsolateral frontal cortex. This source of cortical input appears to be unique to the ventromedial globus pallidus and its associated NBm cholinergic neurons. In addition to the reciprocity observed between NBm and frontal cortex, the ventral tegmental area and NBm likewise appear to be reciprocally connected.
High-contrast Doppler-free transmission spectroscopy

By applying Doppler-free saturated absorption spectroscopy in the regime of high integrated sample absorption, high-contrast Doppler-free laser transmission signals can be obtained as demonstrated in experiments on the sodium D lines. Natural linewidth background-free signals are observed.
Spurious reflection of elastic waves in nonuniform meshes of constant and linear strain unite elements

Abstract A change in finite element size causes spurious reflection of elastic waves passing through a finite element grid when the wavelength is less than about 10-times the largest element in the grid. Extending the previously published study in which the phenomenon was analyzed for the case of constant strain finite elements, the higher-order elements with linear strain distribution are studied herein. Similarly to the previous study, it is found that the consistent mass matrix gives less spurious wave reflection than the lumped mass matrix; however the advantage is smaller for the higher-order elements. For the lumped mass matrix, there is little difference in spurious wave reflection between the constant strain and linear strain elements. The phenomenon of spurious wave reflection is less pronounced when the higher-order elements are used in conjunction with the consistent mass matrix. These results are obtained from exact analytical solutions in complex variables for a planar wave with a planar wave front propagating along grid lines through an infinite grid which is uniform in each half plane.
Conclusion: Reflections on Lynching Scholarship

More than a century ago, sociologist James Cutler asserted that ‘Our country’s national crime is lynching.’ 1 Yet, only in recent years have either scholars or the broader public displayed any sust...
Scanning probe microscopy: trends and image processing issues

Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) includes techniques such as scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), magnetic force microscopy (MFM) and scanning ion conductance microscopy (SICM). Scanning probe microscopes have started a new era in microscopy by providing depth maps at an unprecedented resolution. These versatile devices work in vacuum, air, liquids, and aqueous solutions. Their resolution can be varied from the atomic range to the micrometer range. Scanning probe microscopy is being recognized as a powerful imaging technique in a variety of application areas. Not only can SPM image surface topography, but also other surface characteristics such as magnetic domains, electrical charge, local density of electron states, and surface temperature. Promising results using SPM have been obtained in imaging semiconductors, metals, organic materials, superconductors, and biological samples. SPM is already being used in some industrial applications and there is immense potential for applying it to surface characterization, metrology, and inspection in numerous applications. Image processing techniques are a vital complement to sensor technology in scanning probe microscopes. Image analysis and understanding techniques are essential if the potential of SPM for metrology and industrial inspection is to be realized. In this chapter, we present an overview of the state of the art in SPM with emphasis on image processing techniques for SPM. We outline the principle of operation of different scanning probe microscopes. Issues related to sensor technology are discussed. Commercially available scanning probe microscopes are listed and their features summarized. We review in detail the image processing work that has been done to date in relation to SPM and raise relevant issues. Existing and potential applications of SPM are discussed. Finally, we point out directions for future research in image processing related to SPM.
“Free” and membrane-bound ribosomes, and nature of products formed by isolated tobacco chloroplasts incubated for protein synthesis

Abstract After isolated tobacco chloroplasts were incubated for protein synthesis and then centrifuged at 17 000×g, about one-half of the incorporated radioactivity was found to have been released into the 17 000×g supernatant, whereas the other half remained firmly associated with the chlorophyll-containing 17 000×g pellet. Of the radioactivity in the 17 000×g supernatant, 80% was in the form of nascent peptides associated with 70-S ribosomes and polysomes, and only 20% in the soluble region. However, there was no coincidence of the radioactivity with Fraction-I protein or other readily identifiable soluble chloroplast proteins as examined both by sucrose density gradient centrifugation and by polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis. The radioactivity of the 17 000×g chlorophyll-containing pellet could not be removed from the pellet by repeated washing with hypotonic media, but was released by the anionic detergent, sodium deoxycholate. Under conditions where the chloroplast protein/sodium deoxycholate weight ratio was approximately equal, there was insignificant solubilization of chlorophyll pigments from the membranes, but 30–40% of the radioactivity associated with the pellet was released, all of which was associated with released ribosomes. It is speculated that most of the radioactivity associated with the pellet could also be accounted for in the form of nascent peptides attached to membrane-bound ribosomes. The membrane-bound ribosomes were active in peptide synthesis in the absence of chloroplast mobile phase, although they exhibit a requirement for soluble enzymes for maximum activity. Evidence is presented to show that more than half of the ribosomes in tobacco chloroplasts are bound to thylakoid membranes. Isolated tobacco chloroplasts seem to be unlike isolated chloroplasts from other plants which have been reported to synthesize Fraction-I protein and structural protein of thylakoid membranes.
Neoinstitutionalism and e-government: beyond Jane Fountain

This article addresses the evolution and implementation of e-government with a neoinstitutional perspective. It starts with a critique on Jane Fountain's technology enactment framework in that the framework fails to show how elected officials, public administrators, and citizens can facilitate e-government toward better democratic governance. This problem reflects the immaturity and ambiguity of neo-institutionalism in accounting for institutional change. The author argues that a balance between agent and institution, between strategic choice and institutional constraint should be maintained in analyzing the evolution of e-government as a long-term institutional change. This balanced approach would give public administration a more optimistic future of e-government.
MÖSSBAUER STUDIES OF TERNARY SUPERCONDUCTORS

Moessbauer studies of the ternary Chevrel phase and rare earth rhodium boride superconductors have been made. Anomalous phonon properties at the Sn site in SnMo/sub 6/S/sub 8/, SnMo/sub 6/Se/sub 8/, and La/sub 0/ /sub 98/Sn/sub 0/ /sub 02/Mo/sub 6/Se/sub 8/ have been investigated. Studies of polarization of conduction electrons at the site of the magnetic ion have been made by means of the /sup 151/Eu Moessbauer effect in Eu/sub x/Sn/sub 1-x/Mo/sub 6/S/sub 8/ and the effects of such polarization on superconducting properties discussed. The Moessbauer effect in /sup 166/Er has been used to investigate the electronic ground state in the ternary compound ErRh/sub 4/B/sub 4/ both in the superconducting and magnetically ordered states.
Use of bacterial cell walls as a viscosity-modifying admixture of concrete

Abstract This paper reports the rheological and other fresh properties of the cement paste amended with bacterial cell walls (BCW). The major component of BCW, peptidoglycan, resembles commonly used viscosity-modifying admixtures (VMAs) in chemical structures. Our results indicated that the apparent viscosities of the cement paste of W/C 0.36, 0.4, 0.44 and 0.5 amended with BCW of Bacillus subtilis were higher than those of the control cement without BCW. And the viscosities decreased with the increase of shear rates. BCW also increased the yield value of the cement paste. The VMA effects of BCW were comparable to that of diutan gum and dependent on the size of peptidoglycan, as lysozyme and sonication treatment decreased viscosities. BCW also demonstrated resistance to water dilution and resistance to bleeding and segregation. As an abundant material, BCW have the potential to be a new VMA in construction.
Leucocytosis in Biomphalaria glabrata sensitized and resensitized to Echinostoma lindoense.

Leucocytosis was shown to occur in the pulmonate gastropod Biomphalaria glabrata exposed to the trematode Echinostoma lindoense. In these sensitized snails, the leukocyte count in the hemolymph was elevated 3 to 5 days postexposure to miracidia, and prior to complete encapsulation of sporocysts. This increase continued 1 to 5 days after destruction of sensitizing, irradiated E. lindoense sporocysts. Counts returned to normal levels after this period. A significant and more rapid increase in numbers of circulating leukocytes occurred 1 to 6 hr after reexposure of snails to a sensitizing dose of nonirradiated E. lindoense sporocysts. The leukocyte counts usually returned to normal levels after this period, except in snails in which some resensitizing sporocysts remained alive.
All in the Family: Connecting Home and School with Family Literacy

Family literacy has come of age during the past quarter of a century. This article provides a brief review of family literacy history and components. Pedagogical implications for teachers of primary grade students are considered, and suggestions given for increasing home–school literacy involvement through the following types of initiatives: sharing information, increasing access to materials, and implementing strategies that invite family involvement.
Summary of University of Kentucky Pharmaceutical Sciences AAPS Student Chapter 2007 Postgraduate Conference

The biennial 2007 University of Kentucky College of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences Postgraduate Conference, organized by the University of Kentucky (UK)-American Association of Pharmaceutical Sciences (AAPS) Student Chapter, was held in Lexington KY, April 19-21. Designed to inform UK pharmaceutical sciences graduate program alumni on new and ongoing research within the UK-Pharmaceutical Sciences Program, the conference allowed current graduate students to showcase their research and connect with graduates. Two distinguished alumni received outstanding graduate program alumni honors for their academic and/or industrial contributions in the field of pharmaceutical sciences:
A testbed architecture for Auto‐ID technologies

Purpose – This paper presents an overview on the Auto‐ID (Automatic Identification) technologies testbed that has been established at the University of Missouri‐Rolla (UMR) with the objective of supporting research, development, and implementation of Auto‐ID technologies in network‐centric manufacturing environments.Design/methodology/approach – UMR's Auto‐ID testbed uses a unique hardware‐in‐the‐loop simulation methodology, which integrates decision‐making model development with the design of networking topology and data routing/scheduling schemes, in order to develop, test, and implement viable Auto‐ID solutions. The methodology is founded on a 3‐level integrated model: controller simulation, distributed controller simulation, and distributed controller simulation with hardware‐in‐the‐loop.Findings – This paper discusses two case studies that highlight the effective use of RFID technology, its potential advantages, challenges, and deficiencies stemming from particular applications. These applications in...
Carotid Blow-Out Masquerading as Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage: A Case Report

Tracheo-esophageal prostheses (TEP) are commonly used for speech restoration following laryngectomy for laryngeal cancer. The device is placed through the tracheoesophageal wall into the esophagus superior to the tracheal stoma. We report a case of a ruptured carotid artery presenting as a gastrointestinal bleed. The diagnosis was elusive for a while as initial extensive workup for a source of gastrointestinal bleeding was unsuccessful. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of a TEP device causing a carotid blow out. This case highlights the importance of looking for atypical sources of bleeding when routine investigations do not provide an etiology. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.4021/jmc1163w
Normal forms for fuzzy logic - An application of Kolmogorov's theorem

This paper addresses mathematical aspects of fuzzy logic. The main results obtained in this paper are: 1. the introduction of a concept of normal form in fuzzy logic using hedges; 2. using Kolmogorov’s theorem, we prove that all logical operations in fuzzy logic have normal forms; 3. for min-max operators, we obtain an approximation result similar to the universal approximation property of neural networks.
Refashioning a Body Politic in Colonial Louisiana

This article examines the boundaries of clothing and the body in constructions of political identity in French colonial Louisiana. The study situates constructions of political identity among regulatory demands over the bodies of colonial subjects and the practices of taste and social distinction. It is argued that dress allowed colonial subjects to move into political spaces usually occupied by European colonizers. Archaeological, ethnohistoric, and visual data are used to investigate how French colonizers attempted to construct a body politic by regulating dress and the bodies of colonial subjects, while colonial ‘others’ attempted to constitute themselves as political bodies through self-fashioning.
Venous Thromboembolism: Risk Factors, Biomarkers, and Treatment

Articles in this series: •Zhu T, Martinez I, Emmerich J. Venous thromboembolism: risk factors for recurrence. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2009;29:298–310. •Jang MJ, Choi W, Bang SM, Lee T, Yeo-Kyeoung K, Ageno W, Doyeun Oh. Metabolic syndrome is associated with venous thromboembolism in the Korean population. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2009;29:311–315. •Sousou T, Khorana AA. New insights into cancer-associated thrombosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2009;29:316–320. •Farmer-Boatwright MK, Roubey RAS. Venous thrombosis in the antiphospholipid syndrome. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2009;29:321–325. •James AH. Venous thromboembolism in pregnancy. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2009;29:326–331. •Pabinger I, Ay C. Biomarkers and venous thromboembolism. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2009;29:332–336. In 2005, the U.S. Senate declared March as deep vein thrombosis (DVT) awareness month. This is the second year in which we have highlighted this event with a collection of 6 articles in Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology focused on DVT. It is estimated that 2 million Americans per year develop DVT, which is associated with life-threatening pulmonary embolism (PE). DVT and PE are collectively termed venous thromboembolism (VTE). Despite the large number of cases, a survey conducted by the American Public Health Association in 2002 found that 74% of Americans were unaware of venous thrombosis.1 The risk of VTE increases with thrombophilias, age, pregnancy, and comorbidities, including cancer and antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). It has not yet been determined whether similar mechanisms lead to VTE in each of these disorders. The articles in this issue describe current research into disorders associated with increased VTE risk, including potential pathophysiologic mechanisms, treatment of these clinical situations, and a review on biomarkers for the detection and prevention of VTE. …
Multi-Input Multi-Output Root Loci Analysis of EMS Maglev-Girder Interaction System

A Maglev-girder interaction system experiences a variation of its dynamics as the vehicle’s position varies over the girder’s span at different speeds. This paper investigates this variation using Multi-input Multi-output root locus criteria. Thus, the change of the system’s poles and zeros is visualized with the change of the vehicle’s position, while the speed of the vehicle represents the rate of these changes. These Multi-input Multi-output root locus criteria are used to study and design both centralized and de-centralized controllers for Maglev system.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Cultural Practices and Chemical Treatments Affect Phytophthora Root Rot Severity of Blueberries Grown in South Mississippi

ABSTRACT Phytophthora root rot is an important disease of commercial blueberries and is most severe when blueberries are grown in wet soils with poor drainage. Symptoms of Phytophthora root rot include small, yellow or red leaves, lack of new growth, root necrosis, and a smaller than normal root system. Infected plants generally have fewer and poorer quality fruit than noninfected plants. Two 5-year studies were initiated in south Mississippi to evaluate the effect of drainage and fungicide treatments on Phytophthora root rot severity of mature, infected rabbiteye blueberries and the effect of drainage, bed height, and fungicide treatments on disease severity of young rabbiteye and southern highbush blueberries planted into Phytophthora infested soil. In the first study using mature ‘Tifblue’ plants, significant improvements in plants were due to the subsoil treatment and to twice-a-year treatments with the fungicide metalaxyl. In the second study of young ‘Tifblue’ and ‘Misty’ plants grown in a Phytophth...
Mixing, Dissipation Rate, and Their Overturn-Based Estimates in a Near-Bottom Turbulent Flow Driven by Internal Tides

AbstractDirect numerical simulation (DNS) and large-eddy simulation (LES) are employed to study the mixing brought about by convective overturns in a stratified, oscillatory bottom layer underneath internal tides. The phasing of turbulence, the onset and breakdown of convective overturns, and the pathway to irreversible mixing are quantified. Mixing efficiency shows a systematic dependence on tidal phase, and during the breakdown of large convective overturns it is approximately 0.6, a value that is substantially larger than the commonly assumed value of 0.2 used for calculating scalar mixing from the turbulent dissipation rate. Diapycnal diffusivity is calculated using the irreversible diapycnal flux and, for tall overturns of O(50) m, the diffusivity is found to be almost 1000 times higher than the molecular diffusivity. The Thorpe (overturn) length scale is often used as a proxy for the Ozmidov length scale and thus infers the turbulent dissipation rate from overturns. The accuracy of overturn-based es...
Mortality Profiles as Indicators of Slowed Reproductive Rates: Evidence from Ancient Egypt

Fluctuations in Nile flood levels are proposed to have played a significant role in the development of Egypt's cultural elaborations. Nile flood levels played an increasingly important role in the availability of subsistence resources after 3800 B.C. when agriculture was the dominant subsistence system. A series of fluctuations in Nile flood levels are proposed to have constituted a temporally fluctuating environment consistent with Seger and Brockmann's (1987) bet-hedging model. Wasteful behavior, in the form of cultural elaborations, suggests an increased emphasis on nonsubsistence-oriented activities after 3300 B.C., indicating the population of Egypt was expending less energy on reproduction. Skeletal data are examined to determine whether the population appears to meet further expectations of the bet-hedging model in the form of decreased juvenile mortality and increased lifespans.
The copepod Calanus finmarchicus: A potential vector for trophic transfer of the marine algal biotoxin, domoic acid

Abstract The marine algal biotoxin, domoic acid (DA), is produced by certain members of the diatom genus Pseudo-nitzschia. This neurotoxin has been responsible for several mass mortality events involving marine birds and mammals. In all cases, the toxin was transferred from its algal producers through marine food webs by one or more intermediate vectors. The ability of some copepod taxa to serve as vectors for DA has been demonstrated; however, the role played in DA trophic transfer by Calanus finmarchicus, which often dominates N. Atlantic zooplankton assemblages and is a primary dietary component of the highly endangered N. Atlantic right whale (Eubalaena glacialis), has been uncertain. In the present study, we examined the ability of C. finmarchicus to consume DA-producing algae and retain the toxin. Results of grazing and toxin accumulation/depuration experiments showed that C. finmarchicus consumed DA-producing Pseudo-nitzschia multiseries regardless of the presence or absence of morphologically similar, but non-toxic, P. pungens, across initial cell concentrations ranging from 1000–4000 cells mL− 1. Furthermore, C. finmarchicus did not appear to preferentially consume or avoid either Pseudo-nitzschia species tested. After ingestion of P. multiseries, copepods accumulated DA and retained it for up to 48 h post-removal of the toxin source. These findings provide evidence for the potential of C. finmarchicus to facilitate DA trophic transfer in marine food webs where toxic Pseudo-nitzschia is present.
Metabolism of Explosive Compounds by Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria

The metabolism of various explosive compounds-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene (TNB), hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX), and octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetraazocine (HMX)-by a sulfate-reducing bacterial consortium, Desulfovibrio spp., was studied. The results indicated that the Desulfovibrio spp. used all of the explosive compounds studied as their sole source of nitrogen for growth. The concentrations of TNB, RDX, and HMX in the culture media dropped to below the detection limit (<0.5 ppm) within 18 days of incubation. We also observed the production of ammonia from the nitro groups of the explosive compounds in the culture media. This ammonia served as a nitrogen source for the bacterial growth, and the concentration of ammonia later dropped to <0.5 mg/L. The sulfate-reducing bacteria may be useful in the anaerobic treatment of explosives-contaminated soil.
On the index of invariant subspaces in Hilbert spaces of vector-valued analytic functions

Abstract Let H be a Hilbert space of analytic functions on the unit disc D with ‖ M z ‖ ⩽ 1 , where M z denotes the operator of multiplication by the identity function on D . Under certain conditions on H it has been shown by Aleman, Richter and Sundberg that all invariant subspaces have index 1 if and only if lim k → ∞ ‖ M z k f ‖ ≠ 0 for all f ∈ H , f ≢ 0 [A. Aleman, S. Richter, C. Sundberg, Analytic contractions and non-tangential limits, Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 359 (7) (2007) 3369–3407]. We show that the natural counterpart to this statement in Hilbert spaces of C n -valued analytic functions is false and prove a correct generalization of the theorem. In doing so we obtain new information on the boundary behavior of functions in such spaces, thereby improving the main result of [M. Carlsson, Boundary behavior in Hilbert spaces of vector-valued analytic functions, J. Funct. Anal. 247 (1) (2007)].
An outbreak of Sonne dysentery.

Summary An outbreak of Sonne dysentery in a small town is described. The methods used in dealing with it are detailed. Diagrams and tables showing the duration of the infection are given. Points of importance emerging from the outbreak are tabulated.
Standardization of the sucrose-potassium phosphate-glyoxylic acid histofluorescence method for tissue monoamines

A modification of the sucrose-potassium phosphate-glyoxylic acid (SPG) histofluorescence method has resulted in consistent standardization of the fluorescent intensity while also eliminating a cumbersome step in the procedure. The present method results in highly rapid and sensitive visualization of monoaminergic neurons and their axonal varicosities in body tissue.
Developmental dyslexia and acquired alexia: Two sides of the same coin?☆

Abstract Intensive testing of two dyslexic college students revealed that their symptom complexes have a striking resemblance to those exhibited by some alexic patients who have lost their ability to read as a result of brain damage. Such a similarity provides support to the views that developmental dyslexia manifests in forms of clearly circumscribed syndromes and that its etiology is primarily neurological.
THE CONSERVATION OF 14TH CENTURY PARCHMENT DOCUMENTS WITH PENDANT SEALS

Summary This paper describes a pilot project for the restoration of bound parchment documents with pendant seals in the Archives of the Knights of Malta in the collection of the National Library in Valletta, Malta. Conservation of the selected volume was undertaken by the author to define appropriate procedures and to provide future guidance for the care of other similarly damaged volumes with pendant seals existing in the collection. A bound volume consisting of 10 parchment documents issued between 1336 and 1376 by Roger de Pinius, a Grand Master of the Knights of St John, was selected for conservation. The documents had been damaged by pendant seals inserted between the pages. In the course of conservation, the volume was disbound into single documents. On completion of conservation, the documents were left unbound and then stored in a custom designed box which protects both the parchments and attached seals.
“WE ARE ALL LEADERS”: ANARCHISM AND THE NARRATIVE OF THE INDUSTRIAL WORKERS OF THE WORLD

This article explores the narrative relationship between the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) as an organization and anarchism. Specifically, this article asks: How has the theme of anarchism been negotiated within the IWW and how does it appear in the narrative? In addition, how has anarchism functioned within the organizational narrative? For this research, a mixed method approach of content analysis, semi-structured interviews, and participant observation was used. This article describes four ways in which anarchism is used in the IWW narrative. First, both the IWW and anarchism have benefited from changing structural opportunities. Second, the IWW is seen as a practical means for carrying out anarchist ideals. Third, anarchism has been a mediator for the IWW. Finally, there is tension between the IWW and anarchism.
In-medium behavior of the QCD ϴ term and the value of CP violation in nuclei

The expectation value of the [theta] term in QCD for nuclear matter is estimated in the nucleon gas approximation. There is no significant renormalization (to an accuracy [similar to]10%) of the [ital CP] violation in nuclei due to the similar behaviors for the in-medium values of the [theta] term and quark condensates.
Synoptic description of the 5577 Å nightglow near 78°W longitude

Abstract This paper describes the diurnal and latitudinal variations in the 5577 A zenith nightglow intensity, as observed during a shipboard expedition along the Pacific coast of South America. These results show good agreement with a similar set of data obtained in 1962. Comparison of these data with simultaneously obtained results for the 6300 A nightglow suggest that, on a gross scale, the excitation patterns for these two emissions are unrelated.
“Trimethyl lock” facilitated spirocyclizations: A structural analysis

A “trimethyl lock” was shown earlier to significantly facilitate certain cyclization reactions. Our renewed interests in such facile cyclization systems stemmed from their potential applications in the preparation of redox-, esterase-, and phosphatase-sensitive prodrugs. Furthermore, such systems have also been used for the development of redox-sensitive protecting groups for amines and alcohols. However, there is an undesirable spirocyclization reaction associated with certain “trimethyl lock” facilitated cyclization systems. In an effort to probe factors important for the controlling of the undesirable spirocyclization reaction, we undertook the X-ray crystallographic studies of the such “trimethyl lock” facilitated spirocyclization systems. The spirocyclization product was crystallized from ethyl acetate/hexane mixture (space group: P21/c,a=13.467(1),b=13.297(2),c=13.626(8) A, β=92.120(6)°. It was found that spirocyclization results in release of steric congestion caused by the “trimethyl lock” to a larger degree than the desired lactonization. However, this release of steric congestion itself is not enough to bring about the cyclization. A kinetically reactive nucleophile is also essential for the initiation of the spirocyclization reaction. This is consistent with the fact that such spirocyclization reactions require specific base catalysis.
Asymptomatic Bowel Perforation by Abandoned Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt

We report a case of an abandoned abdominal ventriculoperitoneal shunt that migrated into the gastric antrum, colonic hepatic flexure, and liver parenchyma, which was discovered incidentally on an abdominal CT obtained for renal stones. In regards to the migrated abandoned VP shunt, the patient was asymptomatic. Upon review of prior CT scans, these findings had progressed over approximately 7 years. We describe the case and discuss the clinical and radiologic findings, complications resulting from ventriculoperitoneal shunts, and possible approaches to their management.
Detection of short-scale turbulence in the next generation of tokamak burning plasma experiments

In this paper, we discuss the use of coherent scattering of CO2 lasers for high resolution measurements of short-scale turbulent fluctuations in the next generation of tokamak burning plasma experiments. The unique feature of the proposed scheme is the oblique propagation of the probing beam with respect to the magnetic field, with the toroidal curvature of field lines playing a major role in improving the spatial resolution of measured signals. In addition, small scattering angles and negligible wave refraction effects minimize the size of needed ports—a matter of vital importance for a plasma diagnostic that must operate in the hostile environment of a burning plasma.
Kidney injury, stem cells and regeneration.

Purpose of review The review summarizes the most recent advances in stem cell and regenerative approaches to treat kidney injury, and highlights areas of active controversy. Over the past year, a number of findings have been reported that have brought this field much closer to clinical translation. Recent findings Recent progress in regenerative nephrology includes the directed differentiation of embryonic stem cells to kidney fates, understanding the proliferative capacity of tubules after injury, the use of mesenchymal stem cells for kidney disease and tissue engineering approaches to renal replacement. Controversies persist, however, including whether adult epithelial stem cells exist at all, the best therapeutic strategy for the treatment of kidney injury and how to use mesenchymal stem cells optimally for the prevention of acute kidney injury. Summary Although recent progress in kidney regeneration is very encouraging, current controversies must be resolved before clinical breakthroughs can occur.
Effect of nonadsorbed polymer on the stability of weakly flocculated suspensions

The stability of weakly flocculated, nonaqueous suspensions of aluminum oxide with adsorbed poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) layers as a function of nonadsorbed PMMA volume fraction was studied through rheological measurements and optical microscopy. In the absence of nonadsorbed polymer, suspensions exhibited strong non-Newtonian shear-thinning behavior. Interparticle potential energy calculations yielded a secondary minimum of few kT for this system. The degree of shear thinning, low shear relative viscosity, and characteristic floc size were observed to decrease with increasing nonadsorbed polymer over the entire concentration range studied. Improved suspension stability was observed at free polymer concentrations as low as 0.59 g/L, nearly 2 orders of magnitude below the estimated onset of depletion restabilization. These observations were attributed to the presence of a repulsive barrier (estimated to be of the order of kT or higher) arising prior to the exclusion of nonadsorbed species from the gap region. Kinetic effects stemming from energy barrier considerations appear to dominate colloidal interactions in weakly flocculated systems in the presence of nonadsorbed polymer.
Persistent cutaneous herpes simplex infection.

: A 38-year-old, renal transplant patient developed painful, extensive, chancre-like genital ulcerations. The etiological agent was found culturally to be herpes virus type II. The eruption lasted five months and proved recalcitrant to standard therapeutic modalities. On removal of the transplanted kidney and thereby reduction of immunosuppressive agents, the cutaneous viral infection cleared rapidly. The potential severity and persistence of cutaneous herpetic infections in renal transplant patient must be well appreciated or the diagnosis might easily be missed.
Information and computation in simultaneous equations estimation

Abstract The complexity and size of simultaneous equations systems necessitates great care with computations for parameter estimation. In three-stage least-squares (3SLS) large matrix inversions are required, and because of the sensitivity of many economic systems to key parameters, accuracy in estimation is important. There are many numerical techniques available which yield accurate solutions to systems of equations. We make use of Householder transformations and recursive triangulation solutions in presenting numerical algorithms for the computation of 3SLS and k -class estimates. Another numerical technique, the singular value decomposition is valuable in providing additional information in k -class estimation. The values of k for which this estimator does not exist are accurately derived, their use being demonstrated by an example.
A one-centre treatment of the ammonium and borohydride ions

One-centre, five term, electronic wave functions are determined for the ammonium and borohydride ions. Total molecular energies are determined for various internuclear distances and the equilibrium internuclear distances and the breathing force constants found. These values are in agreement with the observed quantities. The proton affinity of ammonia is predicted to be 0.362 a. u.
A universal Reed-Solomon decoder

Two architectures for universal Reed-Solomon decoders are given. These decoders, called time-domain decoders, work directly on the raw data word as received without the usual syndrome calculation or power-sum-symmetric functions. Up to the limitations of the working registers, the decoders can decode any Reed-Solomon codeword or BCH codeword in the presence of both errors and erasures. Provision is also made for decoding extended codes and shortened codes.
Application of non-regressor-based adaptive control to underwater robots: experiment

Abstract The control of underwater robots presents a number of unique and formidable challenges. Underwater robot dynamics are highly nonlinear, coupled, time varying and subject to hydrodynamic uncertainties and external disturbances such as current. Unlike land mobile robots, underwater robots cannot use GPS (global positioning system). Most popular underwater positioning sensors are sonar-based, such as long-base line (LBL). However, autonomous processing of sonar measurements is plagued by noise, dropouts, missed detection, false reading, poor resolution and other problems. This paper presents a new adaptive control of underwater robots with sonar-based position measurements. Experimental results show robustness of the control system in the presence of unmodeled dynamics and various noises.
Nerve crush injuries--a model for axonotmesis

Nerve crush is a commonly used experimental model in the rat; however, a standard method of inducing this injury has not been defined. This study examined six crush techniques that are frequently used and characterized the subsequent nerve injury. Five types of nerve crush using a No. 5 jeweler's forceps and a sixth using a 30-s single crush with a serrated hemostat were studied in the posterior tibial nerve of the Lewis rat. Regeneration was evaluated using serial walking track assessments at 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks postoperatively. Nerve conduction studies and histological examination were performed at 2 days, 2 weeks, and 8 weeks. Blood-nerve barrier breakdown was observed at 2 days and recovered by 2 weeks. By 4 weeks normal walking track patterns were obtained in all groups. A pattern of Wallerian degeneration and axonal regeneration was noted at 2 weeks, with histological recovery in all groups by 8 weeks. Nerve crush, induced by any of the six methods tested, was similar and provides a reliable model of axonotmesis.
An investigation of antenna characterization techniques in microwave remote sensing calibration

We compare three methods of quantifying illumination efficiency (IE). The ratio IE describes the contribution of energy emitted from a blackbody target to the total energy measured at an antenna aperture in a free-space microwave calibration target radiometric measurement. Measurements are compared at three frequencies: 18 GHz, 22.5 GHz, and 26 GHz. An antenna pattern integration method is compared with a recently developed target-temperature fitting method. These two experimental approaches are also compared to a computational antenna pattern simulation. Results show that the simulation agrees with the experimental fitting method more closely at far-field distances, whereas the antenna pattern integration and experimental fitting method agree at closer distances.
Image Transmission Studies

Radiological PACS image sizes and desired retrieval response times demand high-bandwidth communication networks. Local area network technology at speeds higher that 10 Megabits/second (IEEE 802.3) have not achieved standardization nor production volume. Our current PACS experiments are based on a three-level subnet approach using 10 Mb/s Ethernet channels. An Ethernet channel is shown to support image transfers at an average throughput of 3 Mb/s. Preliminary measurements and simulation results suggest that traffic from as many as two-to-three archives can be supported on the same channel.
Out of the mouths of middle school children: I. Developing user‐defined controlled vocabularies for subject access in a digital library

Representation and retrieval obstacles within a digital library designed for use by middle school children are presented. Representation of objects is key to retrieval. Tools used to create representations for children's resources, such as controlled vocabularies, need to be more age appropriate. Development of age-appropriate controlled vocabularies requires us to learn more about the ways children interact with systems and form search strategies to represent their information needs. Children's search terms and questions are a rich resource for learning more about their information seeking process, their question state, and their formulation of searches. A method for gathering and using children's own search terms and the benefits of their utilization in developing more age-appropriate controlled vocabularies are discussed.
Calpain 1 and Calpastatin expression is developmentally regulated in rat brain.

Calpains and caspases are cysteine endopeptidases which share many similar substrates. Caspases are essential for caspase-dependent apoptotic death where calpains may play an augmentive role, while calpains are strongly implicated in necrotic cell death morphologies. Previous studies have demonstrated a down-regulation in the expression of many components of the caspase-dependent cell death pathway during CNS development. We therefore sought to determine if there is a corresponding upregulation of calpains. The major CNS calpains are the μ- and m-isoforms, composed of the unique 80 kDa calpain 1 and 2 subunits, respectively, and the shared 28 kDa small subunit. In rat brain, relative protein and mRNA levels of calpain 1, calpain 2, caspase 3, and the endogenous calpain inhibitor calpastatin, were evaluated using western blot and real-time RT-PCR. The developmental time points examined ranged from embryonic day 18 until postnatal day 90. Calpain 1 and calpastatin protein and mRNA levels were low at early developmental time points and increased dramatically by P30. Conversely, Caspase-3 expression was greatest at E18, and was rapidly downregulated rapidly down-regulated between by P30. Calpain 2 protein and mRNA levels were relatively constant throughout the E18-P90 age range examined. The inverse relationship of calpain 1 and caspase 3 levels during CNS development is consistent with the shift from caspase-dependent to caspase-independent cell death mechanisms following CNS injury in neonatal vs. adult rat brain.
Colonic perforation by a large gallstone: A rare case report

Abstract INTRODUCTION Herein we present the case of an 86-year-old woman with gallstone perforation of the sigmoid colon. PRESENTATION OF CASE An 86-year-old woman with known cholelithiasis presented to our office with one week of abdominal pain and nausea. X-rays taken at presentation demonstrated pneumobilia, and CT scan showed a 3.5 cm gallstone in the sigmoid colon. Medical management was unsuccessful in passing the stone, and a colonoscopy on day 4 was unsuccessful in incorporating the stone. Subsequent clinical deterioration prompted a laparotomy, where a perforation was discovered. A Hartmann's procedure was performed and the patient recovered after a complicated post-operative course. DISCUSSION Gallstone ileus is an uncommon, but medically important, cause of bowel obstruction. This presentation is considered a surgical emergency and thus prompt identification and removal is essential. Obstructions tend to occur in either the stomach or along the various segments of the small intestine but have been reported in the colon as well. CONCLUSION In cases of gallstones that manage to pass into the large intestine, it is prudent to attempt conservative measures for passage. Failure to do so should raise suspicion of a possible stricture, either benign or malignant, preventing its evacuation. Earlier surgical intervention should be considered in these cases.
Obesity-induced down-regulation of the mitochondrial translocator protein (TSPO) impairs placental steroid production.

Context: Low concentrations of estradiol and progesterone are hallmarks of adverse pregnancy outcomes as is maternal obesity. During pregnancy, placental cholesterol is the sole source of sex steroids. Cholesterol trafficking is the limiting step in sex steroid biosynthesis and is mainly mediated by the translocator protein (TSPO), present in the mitochondrial outer membrane. Objective: The objective of the study was to investigate the effects of maternal obesity in placental sex steroid biosynthesis and TSPO regulation. Design/Participants: One hundred forty-four obese (body mass index 30–35 kg/m2) and 90 lean (body mass index 19–25 kg/m2) pregnant women (OP and LP, respectively) recruited at scheduled term cesarean delivery. Placenta and maternal blood were collected. Setting: This study was conducted at MetroHealth Medical Center (Cleveland, Ohio). Main Outcome Measures: Maternal metabolic components (fasting glucose, insulin, leptin, estradiol, progesterone, and total cholesterol) and placental weight...