cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Rearing temperature and parasitoid load determine host and parasitoid performance in Manduca sexta and Cotesia congregata

1. Temperature strongly influences the rates of physiological processes in insects, including the herbivore Manduca sexta and its larval endoparasitoid Cotesia congregata. Parasitisation by C. congregata decreases the growth and consumption of food by larval M. sexta. However, the effects of temperature on parasitised caterpillars and the developing wasp larvae are largely unknown. 2. In this study, parasitised and unparasitised caterpillars were reared at three constant temperatures (20, 25 and 30 °C) throughout larval development. Caterpillar mass gain and consumption were monitored daily until wandering (unparasitised control group) or wasp emergence (parasitised group) was observed. Development time and survival to emergence were measured as metrics of parasitoid performance. 3. Parasitised M. sexta developed more slowly than unparasitised controls, but had similar cumulative consumption until the terminal instar. Parasitised caterpillars with relatively large parasitoid loads had higher rates of consumption and growth than those with smaller loads. Both temperature and parasitoid load strongly affected wasp success. Mean development time to wasp emergence increased with low temperatures and with large loads. The combination of warm temperature and large parasitoid loads greatly reduced wasp survival. 4. These results demonstrate the interactive effects of rearing temperature and parasitisation on host consumption and growth rates throughout larval development. In addition, wasp performance was affected by the interaction of temperature and parasitoid load size. High temperatures alter the dynamics of the interaction between the parasitoid and its caterpillar host, which could have far‐reaching impacts as the global temperatures continue to rise.
Selfie: User-defined Sensitive Memory Protection and Recovery.

Different users always have different requirement for sensitive memory definition. It is not flexible for aborting program execution once detecting memory corruption. Because the users may loose some sensitive data. We presented Selfie, a hybrid solution to provide one flexible solution to protect the sensitive memory according to users' requirements in runtime. Finally, Selfie can provide one solution to decide whether execution needs to be recovered. If the memory corruption doesn't belong sensitive memory, Selfie provides symbolic solver that can help figure out whether the memory corruption can affect the sensitive memory in future.
Appraisal of the entrustable professional activities (EPAs) patient care provider domain by North Dakota pharmacists.

Background: Entrustable Professional Activities (EPAs) are the latest addition to a list of professional competencies that pharmacy educational organizations support, and accreditation organizations require, for assessment by colleges and schools of pharmacy. Objective: The study’s objective is to assess the use of Core EPAs in the patient care domain (by practice setting, position, and preceptor status) in contemporary pharmacy practice. Methods: This survey assessed the EPA activities of pharmacists practicing in North Dakota. The pharmacists were asked “how many times in the past 30 days have you delivered the following services in your practice setting?” Response options were: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 or more times. Results: Of 990 potential respondents, 457 pharmacists (46.1%) returned a survey, and 107 (10.8%) answered every survey item in the patient care domain. Respondents reported that the highest rated activity items “Collect information to identify a patient's medication-related problems and health-related needs,” and “Analyze information to determine the effects of medication therapy, identify medication-related problems, and prioritize health-related needs” were performed an average of 3.9 times per week (SD=1.8), and 3.8 times per week (SD=2.0), respectively. Both of these items, were reported for 70% of the respondents at 5 or more times per week. For these items, the highest reported practice setting was ‘other’ practice settings (e.g., long-term care, community health centers) followed by chains, hospitals, and independent pharmacies. By position, clinical pharmacists and preceptors reported the highest activity levels for most EPAs and supportive example tasks. Conclusions: This study provides empirical evidence suggesting (but not proving) that EPAs have potential as a means to assess outcomes in pharmacy education and practice. Our study sets the stage for future work that further refines and assesses core EPA activities and supportive example tasks to measure the impact of how this process relates to outcomes of care.
Role of Hypoalbuminemia as an Independent Predictor of 30-Day Postoperative Complications Following Surgical Fixation of Ankle Fractures

Background:Malnutrition is known to be negatively associated with outcomes after multiple orthopedic procedures. We hypothesized that admission albumin levels, as a marker for malnutrition, would c...
Monitoring BMI Trends in a Midwest Regional Head Start Population: The Results of a Healthy Lifestyle Intervention.

BackgroundChildhood obesity represents a public health crisis in the United States. Thus, focusing on early childhood is crucial to modify the consequences associated with obesity. The Food and Fit...
Morphologic and molecular analysis of early-onset gastric cancer.

Background Evidence suggests that early-onset gastric cancers are distinct from traditional gastric cancers; however, detailed genomic and morphologic characterization of these cancers has not been performed. Methods Genomic analysis was performed for 81 patients with gastric cancer who were 50 years old or younger; pathology slides were available for 53 of these patients, and they were re-reviewed to perform a morphologic-molecular correlation analysis. The results were compared with corresponding cBioPortal data and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) analysis, which represent traditional gastric cancers. The TP53 molecular signature was established to determine the pattern of somatic mutational damage. Variants of potential germline origin were also identified from next-generation sequencing data. Results A higher rate of CDH1 mutations (22.2% of early-onset gastric cancers vs 11.4% of traditional gastric cancers; P = .0042) but a similar rate of TP53 mutations (63% of early-onset gastric cancers vs 56.6% of traditional gastric cancers; P = .2674) were seen in early-onset cancers in comparison with traditional gastric cancers. The diffuse/mixed types correlated with the TCGA genomically stable type, and the remaining Lauren types correlated with the TCGA chromosomal instability type. Diffuse and indeterminate histologic types (overall survival, 26.25 months for the intestinal type, 20.5 months for the mixed type, 12.62 months for the diffuse type, and 9 months for the indeterminate type; P = .027) and the presence of a CDH1 gene mutation (overall survival, 9 months for mutant CDH1 and 22 months for wild-type CDH1; P = .013) significantly correlated with worse survival. The TP53 gene frequently showed transition mutations (65.5%) involving the CpG sites (49%). Variants of potential germline origin were seen in high-penetrance genes (CDH1 and APC) and moderate-penetrance genes (ATM, NBN, and MUTYH) in 9.9% of cancers. Conclusions Early-onset gastric cancer has distinct genomic alterations, such as CDH1 mutations, but shares with traditional gastric cancers a high frequency of TP53 mutations and the TP53 mutagenic signature. Diffuse and indeterminate histologic types and the presence of a CDH1 mutation are associated with worse overall survival. Endogenous factors leading to cytosine deamination and potential germline alterations in moderate-penetrance cancer susceptibility genes may be implicated in the pathogenesis of these cancers.
Coloniality and globalization: a decolonial take

I will address here the Special Forum leading question: ‘Is an integrated theory of globalization possible (and desirable)?’ I will add: is it necessary? If it is, what for and for whom is it neces...
Social Isolation in a Population-Based Sample of Emerging Adults: Who Is on Their Own?:

Purpose:This study aimed to identify the associations between social isolation, social contextual factors, and behavioral and psychological health during emerging adulthood.Methods:Participants (n ...
COVID-19 Transition to Online: Quick! Bring the Fun!.

The need to quickly transition from face-to-face teaching using engaging, content-based activities to a new, online platform in just two weeks during the COVID-19 pandemic, made it necessary to try to migrate familiar activities that the students enjoyed into a virtual classroom. The activity that proved to be the most successful in maintaining a sense of community, engaging students, and reviewing content was playing Quizlet Live while in Breakout Rooms in Zoom. Keywords: online teaching, gaming, pandemic, student participation, active learning, learner engagement, collaboration, educational technology, Distance Education.
Dimensions of the Suckling Pig

The rising prewean mortality rates in swine production are a great economic and production burden to the swine industry. The thermal environment for a piglet is commonly adapted to the piglet's specific needs with a key factor of surface area impacting all modes of heat transfer. The current standard for pig dimensions was originally accepted in 1968 and has yet to be updated with clear data from piglets during lactation. The objective of this study was to collect and evaluate the dimensions of body weight, length, height and width of piglets during lactation. Eight litters from geriatric sows (commercial cross breds) were utilized in this study with data collected every day from birth to weaning (23 to 32 days of age). The evaluation of the dimensions with effects of litter size and sex showed that sex of the piglet does not have a significant impact on dimensions while litter size does. The piglets in this study were smaller than the standard at birth, likely attributed to changes in genetics and an increase in total born. The results of this study showed a slight difference in dimension at the heavier weights to a study with nursery pigs however there are differences in genetics. The data and equations presented in this study will be valuable for the design of creep areas and supplemental heat sources to accommodate the size of modern piglets during lactation.
Optics enabled networks and architectures for data center cost and power efficiency

Bandwidth demand for data center networks continues as performance increases and is further fueled by the exploding demand for artificial intelligence and new high-performance computing workloads. Managing power and costs will require a range of solutions including new networking and workload specialized architectures, composable systems, and optical circuit switching. In this paper, we focus primarily on two topics: examining the benefits of flatter networks (enabled mainly by means of co-packaged-optics-enabled switches) and the utilization improvement potential for composable (disaggregated) systems, while discussing specialized hardware and networks, and optical circuit switching more briefly.
The kinetics of pig heart triphosphopyridine nucleotide-isocitrate dehydrogenase. I. Initial velocity, substrate and product inhibition, and isotope exchange studies.

Abstract Initial velocity, product and substrate inhibition, and isotope exchange studies are described which suggest that the kinetic mechanism of pig heart TPN-isocitrate dehydrogenase is random sequential with catalysis more rapid than product release. In the reverse reaction, substrate inhibition (presumably caused by bicarbonate), competitive versus TPNH and noncompetitive versus α-ketoglutarate, is seen at high CO2 levels, and more than one molecule of inhibitor can apparently combine with the enzyme. α-Ketoglutarate gives strong linear substrate inhibition which is uncompetitive versus TPNH or CO2, but the cause of this inhibition has not been established. Michaelis constants at pH 6.8, 25°, 2 mm Mg2+ are TPN, 0.25 µm; threo-ds-isocitrate, 1.1 µm; TPNH, 1.4 µm; α-ketoglutarate, 38 µm; CO2, 2.2 mm. TPN and TPNH are mutually competitive, whereas CO2 (or bicarbonate) and α-ketoglutarate are noncompetitive versus TPN and isocitrate. Isocitrate is competitive versus α-ketoglutarate and noncompetitive versus TPNH and CO2. TPN-TPNH exchange is not inhibited by high levels of TPN and TPNH, but shows substrate inhibition when isocitrate and α-ketoglutarate, CO2 and TPN, or isocitrate and TPNH are varied together. CO2-isocitrate exchange is also not inhibited by high TPN and TPNH, but substrate inhibition is seen when isocitrate and α-ketoglutarate are the varied reactants. In a random mechanism where catalysis is faster than reactant release, exchange between the varied reactants will be slower at low reactant levels than exchange between the other reactants with fixed levels, regardless which exchange is faster at high concentrations. The apparent Km values for the varied reactants will also be higher for exchange between them than for exchange between reactants at fixed high levels; these two criteria can be used to identify random mechanisms of this type. Preparations of pig heart TPN-isocitrate dehydrogenase from mitochondria, high speed supernatant of Potter-Elvehjem broken cells, and whole tissue acetone powder show only one activity band on gel electrophoresis at two pH values, and have identical kinetic properties, suggesting that only one isozyme exists in this tissue.
The Us9 Gene Product of Pseudorabies Virus, an Alphaherpesvirus, Is a Phosphorylated, Tail-Anchored Type II Membrane Protein

The Us9 gene is highly conserved among the alphaherpesviruses sequenced to date, yet its function remains unknown. In this report, we demonstrate that the pseudorabies virus (PRV) Us9 protein is present in infected cell lysates as several phosphorylated polypeptides ranging from 17 to 20 kDa. Synthesis is first detected at 6 h postinfection and is sensitive to the DNA synthesis inhibitor phosphonoacetic acid. Unlike the herpes simplex virus type 1 Us9 homolog, which was reported to be associated with nucleocapsids in the nuclei of infected cells (M. C. Frame, D. J. McGeoch, F. J. Rixon, A. C. Orr, and H. S. Marsden, Virology 150:321–332, 1986), PRV Us9 localizes to the secretory pathway (predominately to the Golgi apparatus) and not to the nucleus. By fusing the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) reporter molecule to the carboxy terminus of Us9, we demonstrated that Us9 not only is capable of targeting a Us9-EGFP fusion protein to the Golgi compartment but also is able to direct efficient incorporation of such chimeric molecules into infectious viral particles. Moreover, through protease digestion experiments with Us9-EGFP-containing viral particles, we demonstrated that the Us9 protein is inserted into the viral envelope as a type II, tail-anchored membrane protein.
Relativities of fundamentality

Abstract S-dualities have been held to have radical implications for our metaphysics of fundamentality. In particular, it has been claimed that they make the fundamentality status of a physical object theory-relative in an important new way. But what physicists have had to say on the issue has not been clear or consistent, and in particular seems to be ambiguous between whether S-dualities demand an anti-realist interpretation of fundamentality talk or merely a revised realism. This paper is an attempt to bring some clarity to the matter. After showing that even antecedently familiar fundamentality claims are true only relative to a raft of metaphysical, physical, and mathematical assumptions, I argue that the relativity of fundamentality inherent in S-duality nevertheless represents something new, and that part of the reason for this is that it has both realist and anti-realist implications for fundamentality talk. I close by discussing the broader significance that S-dualities have for structuralist metaphysics and for fundamentality metaphysics more generally.
Dormancy-breaking and germination requirements of seeds of four Lonicera species (Caprifoliaceae) with underdeveloped spatulate embryos

Dormancy-breaking requirements and types of dormancy were determined for seeds of Lonicera fragrantissima Lindl. & Paxt., L. japonica Thunb., L. maackii (Rupr.) Maxim. and L. morrowii A. Gray. Seeds of all four species have underdeveloped spatulate embryos that are about 20–40%fully developed (elongated) when dispersed. Embryos in freshly matured, intact seeds grew better at 25/15°C than at 5°C. Gibberellic acid (GA3) (tested only in the light) was more effective in breaking dormancy in L. maackii and L. morrowii than in L. fragrantissima and L. japonica. Warm- followed by cold stratification was required to break dormancy in seeds of L. fragrantissima, whereas seeds of L. japonica required cold stratification only. Thus, seeds of L. fragrantissima have deep simple morphophysiological dormancy (MPD) and those of L. japonica nondeep simple MPD. About 50%of the seeds of L. maackii required warm- or cold stratification only to come out of dormancy and 50% of those of L. morrowii required warm stratification only, whereas the other 50% did not require stratification to germinate. Thus, about half of the seeds of the two species has nondeep simple MPD, and the other half has morphological dormancy (MD). In these laboratory tests, seeds of L. japonica, L. maackii, and L. morrowii generally germinated to significantly higher percentages in light than in darkness; seeds of L. fragrantissima were not tested in darkness. Peaks of germination for seeds of L. fragrantissima, L. japonica, L. maackii and L. morrowii sown on a soil surface and covered with Quercus leaves under near-natural temperature conditions shortly after seed maturity and dispersal in late June 1997, late November 1997, early November 1996 and late June 1998, respectively, occurred in early March 1998, late February 1998, late March 1997 and early October 1998, respectively. The germination phenologies of seeds of the same species and seed lots buried in soil were similar to those of seeds under leaf litter. High percentages of seeds of all four species germinated both under litter (78–96%) and beneath the soil surface (78–97%). These germination patterns correspond closely with the requirements for embryo growth and dormancy break in the four Lonicera species.
Patient-specific tumor prognosis prediction via multimodality imaging

This paper proposes an approach to advance the utility of physical modeling techniques for medical applications by correlating finite element based models with the mechanical anatomy characteristic of a clinical patient. A methodology is presented to model the patient-specific mechanical response of brain tissue in vivo. The resultant model is parameterized in terms of clinical CT and MRI imaging sequences acquired for each patient. Applications of the proposed technique to the areas of brain tumor growth modeling and predicting tissue shifts during stereotactic neurosurgery, are described. Results are presented for an implementation of our approach to the problem of predictive brain tumor modeling.
Basal area growth impacts of dwarf mistletoe on western hemlock in an old-growth forest

We investigated the effect of western hemlock dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobium tsugense (Rosend.) G.N. Jones ssp. tsugense) on the 13 year basal area growth of large (>45.7 cm diameter at breast heigh...
Isolation and characterization of an anaerobic syntrophic benzoate degrading bacterium from sewage sludge

An anaerobic, motile, gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium is described which degrades benzoate in coculture with an H2-utilizing organism and in the absence of exogenous electron acceptors such as O2, SO 4 = or NO 3 - . The bacterium was isolated from a municipal primary, anaerobic sewage digestor using anaerobic roll-tube medium with benzoate as the main energy source and in syntrophic association with an H2-utilizing sulfate-reducing Desulfovibrio sp. which cannot utilize benzoate or fatty acids apart from formate as energy source. The benzoate utilizer produced acetate (3 mol/mol of substrate degraded) and presumably CO2 and H2, or formate from benzoate. In media without sulfate and with Methanospirillum hungatei (a methanogen that utilizes only H2−CO2 or formate as the energy source) added, 3 mol of acetate and 0.7 mol of methane were produced per mol of benzoate and CO2 was probably formed. Low numbers of Desulfovibrio sp. were present in the methanogenic coculture and a pure coculture of the benzoate utilizer with M. hungatei was not obtained. The generation times for growth of the sulfate-reducing and methanogenic cocultures were 132 and 166h, respectively. The benzoate utilizer did not utilize other common aromatic compounds, C 3 - −C7 monocarboxylic acids, or C4-C6 dicarboxylic acids for growth, nor did it appear to use SO 4 = , NO 3 - or fumarate as alternative electron acceptors. Addition of H2 inhibited growth and benzoate degradation.
Molecular encapsulation: Cyclodextrin-based analogues of heme-containing proteins

The active site heme prosthetic group of such species as hemoglobin, the cytochrome P-450s, and the peroxidases is enveloped within a protective hydrophobic environment located adjacent to a binding site for exogeneous compounds. In addition to providing these physical attributes, the protein component also acts as a carrier, transporting the heme to the appropriate cellular environment. We have replaced this proteinoid appendage with a cyclodextrin-based protective sheath to create artificial analogues of heme-containing proteins
The Bigger Picture: Institutional Perspectives on Interim Assessment Technologies

Drawing on a study of new forms of educational privatization, this article examines how ideas from institutional theory can be useful in analyzing the complex dynamics behind interim assessment technologies. The study was based on qualitative research methods and included interviews, a small-scale questionnaire, participant observation, and analysis of public and financial documents. As defined here, interim assessment technology is the software that is sold to schools and districts in order to gauge students’ progress toward high-stakes tests and to comply with the testing and reporting requirements of the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001. The design and implementation of these assessment technologies reflects the complex pressures on schools and districts—to be more efficient, to be more compliant, and to be more equitable. I argue that in understanding the consequences of these technologies, we need to pay close attention to interactions between private firms and public agencies. Examining these intera...
Imaging of vascular gene therapy

Gene therapy is an exciting frontier in medicine today. Many genes have been shown to be useful for treatment of various vascular diseases, including chronic cardiac and limb ischemia syndromes, vasculoproliferative disorder, hypercholesterolemia, atherosclerosis, thrombosis, and hypertension. Precise delivery of genes into target vessels, efficient transfer of genes into vascular cells of the target, and prompt assessment of gene expression over time are three challenging tasks for successful vascular gene therapy. Thus, in vivo imaging methods that can be used to monitor gene delivery and localize gene expression are needed. Modern imaging techniques provide an opportunity to monitor and direct vascular gene therapy. Radiologists play a key role not only in developing and mastering endovascular genetic interventions but also in assessing the success of vascular gene therapy and directing further refinement of vascular gene therapy technology. This article provides an overview of the current status of imaging of vascular gene therapy.
The single precordial lead for ST segment monitoring: Comparison with the multiple lead map

ST segment elevation, used as an index of the relative extent of myocardial ischemic injury, was measured using a single precordial lead located at the point of maximum ST elevation. ST changes were followed for two hours after acute coronary occlusion in pigs, and were compared to the sum of ST elevation recorded with an 18 lead precordial map. Some animals were subjected to Reperfusion (n = 12), others to infarct extension (n = 10), while a control group (n = 9) was followed without an ST-modifying intervention. Correlation between sigmaST and ST in the single lead was good, with a correlation coefficient of 0.844 at 360 points of comparison. Time to peak ST elevation using the single lead technique was comparable to that using the 18 lead map. Changes in the ST elevation using both techniques were similarly reduced following reperfusion, increased following extension, and followed a similar downslope pattern in the unmodified infarct group. This single lead technique offers the advantage of simplicity of use without sacrifice of accuracy. Its use can facilitate clinical studies of myocardial ischemic injury and its modification.
The impact of aerosol composition on the particle to gas partitioning of reactive mercury.

A laboratory system was developed to study the gas-particle partitioning of reactive mercury (RM) as a function of aerosol composition in synthetic atmospheric particulate matter. The collection of RM was achieved by filter- and sorbent-based methods. Analyses of the RM collected on the filters and sorbents were performed using thermal extraction combined with cold vapor atomic fluorescence spectroscopy (CVAFS), allowing direct measurement of the RM load on the substrates. Laboratory measurements of the gas-particle partitioning coefficients of RM to atmospheric aerosol particles revealed a strong dependence on aerosol composition, with partitioning coefficients that varied by orders of magnitude depending on the composition of the particles. Particles of sodium nitrate and the chlorides of potassium and sodium had high partitioning coefficients, shifting the RM partitioning toward the particle phase, while ammonium sulfate, levoglucosan, and adipic acid caused the RM to partition toward the gas phase and...
Oligomerization of alkynes by hafnocene dichloride/ethylaluminum dichloride

The Cp2HfCl2/C2H5AlCl2 system (Cp = η5-cyclopentadienyl) was found to be an active homogeneous catalyst for the Oligomerization of both terminal and internal alkynes. Apparently, the mechanism of Oligomerization occurs by successive insertion of the alkyne into the hafnium-carbon bond of a cationic intermediate, as evidenced by the interception of the highly substituted, sterically bulky, 1-trimethylsily1-1-propyne.
Multimodal classification of Dementia using functional data, anatomical features and 3D invariant shape descriptors

Multimodality classification of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and its prodromal stage, Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), is of interest to the medical community. We improve on prior classification frameworks by incorporating multiple features from MRI and PET data obtained with multiple radioligands, fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) and Pittsburg compound B (PIB). We also introduce a new MRI feature, invariant shape descriptors based on 3D Zernike moments applied to the hippocampus region. Classification performance is evaluated on data from 17 healthy controls (CTR), 22 MCI, and 17 AD subjects. Zernike significantly outperforms volume, accuracy (Zernike to volume): CTR/AD (90.7% to 71.6%), CTR/MCI (76.2% to 60.0%), MCI/AD (84.3% to 65.5%). Zernike also provides comparable and complementary performance to PET. Optimal accuracy is achieved when Zernike and PET features are combined (accuracy, specificity, sensitivity), CTR/AD (98.8%, 99.5%, 98.1%), CTR/MCI (84.3%, 82.9%, 85.9%) and MCI/AD (93.3%, 93.6%, 93.3%).
Kinetics of emulsifier‐free emulsion polymerization of styrene

The influence of initiator concentration, monomer/water ratio, reaction temperature, and agitator speed on the kinetic behavior of emulsifier-free emulsion polymerization of styrene with potassium persulfate initiator has been investigated. Polymerization rate and the particle number increased with increasing initiator concentration and reaction temperature. The particle size distribution became broader as the initiator concentration decreased. Monomer conversion, at a common time, was smaller when the initial monomer/water ratio was increased. Particle size, at the same conversion, increased with an increasing initial monomer charge. High agitator speed caused significant particle coagulation. As a result, a smaller number of larger particles with broad size distribution were produced when the agitation was intense. Reaction rate decreased with increasing agitator speed. The two-stage model developed in this paper can describe the kinetics of emulsifier-free emulsion polymerization of styrene when potassium persulfate is used as initiator. Values of the termination rate constant, ktp, obtained from fitting the model to the experimental data are in agreement with ktp data reported in the literature for emulsion polymerization. ktp increases with increasing agitator speed because of a reduced gel effect. The rate coefficient for particle coagulation, Kf, increases with decreasing initiator concentration, with decreasing reaction temperature and with increasing agitator speed. The rate coefficient for radical capture by particles, kc, increases with increasing reaction temperature and with increasing agitator speed.
Critical and Spin-Wave Scattering of Neutrons from Iron

The wavelength and frequency dependence of neutrons magnetically scattered from iron has been studied with high resolution from low temperatures to $1.05{T}_{c}$. At low temperatures, the spin waves can be satisfactorily described in terms of a model Hamiltonian containing Heisenberg and dipole-dipole terms. The spin-wave energies vary as $1\ensuremath{-}\frac{T}{{T}_{c}}$ to the power 0.37\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.03 over a temperature range $0.005l1\ensuremath{-}\frac{T}{{T}_{c}}l0.2$. At a temperature a few degrees below ${T}_{c}$, the spin waves become over-critically damped. In the spin-wave region, no peak corresponding to a diffusive mode has been observed in the scattering, in contrast to the antiferromagnet RbMn${\mathrm{F}}_{3}$, where the existence of such a peak has been clearly demonstrated. Above ${T}_{c}$, in the hydrodynamic region, the scattering can be described in terms of a diffusion equation. The diffusion constant and static susceptibility vary as $1\ensuremath{-}\frac{{T}_{c}}{T}$ to the powers 0.14\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.04 and 1.30\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.06, respectively, over the temperature range $0.008l1\ensuremath{-}\frac{{T}_{c}}{T}l0.05$. The observed power laws indicate that near the Curie temperature the spin-wave energies vary with temperature in the same way as the magnetization, while the diffusion constant varies more slowly with temperature than has been predicted. In agreement with earlier measurements, the data for the static susceptibility indicate that the power law of the divergence is close to 1.30. Values in the range 1.33-1.43 are predicted by high-temperature expansion techniques. There is evidence for the existence of a strongly damped propagating mode in the transition region at and above ${T}_{c}$. At the critical temperature, linewidths scale as the wave vector to the power 2.7\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.3; within error, this is the same as the power 2.5 predicted on the basis of the dynamic scaling laws.
Synthesis of platelet activating factor and metabolism of related lipids in embryonic cells.

Primary cultures of mouse embryo palate mesenchyme (MEPM) cells incubated with 1-O-[3H]alkyl-2-lyso-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine ([3H)lyso-PAF) incorporated radiolabel into 1-radyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (PC) and -phosphoethanolamine (PE). The radiolabeled PC was insensitive to hydrolysis with HCl fumes, whereas at least 82% of the 3H found in the PE was hydrolyzed to 3H-aldehydes by such treatment. Treatment of the PC with Vitride produced [3H]alkylglycerol; similar treatment of the PE produced [3H]alk-1-enylglycerol. None of the radiolabeled products yielded fatty alcohol upon reduction with Vitride. These findings indicate the radiolabeled PC was 1-O-alkyl-linked whereas the PE contained predominantly 1-O-alk-1′-enyl species with smaller amounts of 1-O-alkyl species. Homogenates of MEPM cells which had been prelabeled with [3H]lyso-PAF and [14C]arachidonic acid produced 14C-fatty acid, [3H]lyso-PC, and [3H]alkyglycerol when incubated at selected values of pH and concentrations of calcium. There was no accumulation of [3H]lyso-PE in the various incubation mixtures. Stimulation of MEPM cells with the ionophore A23187 in the presence of calcium and [3H]acetate resulted in the production of 3H-platelet-activating factor (PAF), identified by its migration with authentic PAF and its conversion to 1-O-[3H]alkyl-2,3-diacetylglycerol upon treatment with phospholipase C and acetic anhydride. These studies demonstrate that; (i) MEPM cells are able to incorporate [3H]lyso-PAF into 1-O-alkyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, the storage form of PAF, and into 1-O-alk-1′-enyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (PE plasmalogen); (ii) endogenous 1-O-[3H]alkyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine can serve as a substrate for phospholipase A2 in homogenates; and (iii) MEPM cells have the ability to synthesize PAF, thus raising the possibility that this compound may play a role in modulating the physiology of these embryonic cells.
Liquid phase epitaxial growth of Ga x In 1-x P

Single crystal epitaxial layers of Gaxln1−xP alloys have been grown by the steady-state liquid phase epitaxial growth technique on (111)B GaAs substrates. The crystal growth process has been studied in detail and the resultant epitaxial layers have been characterized with respect to their structural, electrical and optical properties. Epitaxial layers of good structural quality could be grown only in the composition range x = 0.48 to 0.53, where the lattice parameter is close to that of the GaAs substrate. The band gap of these crystals was in the range 1.86 – 1.92 eV as determined by optical absorption and photoluminescence measurements.
Evaluation of Heterogeneous Metal−Organic Framework Organocatalysts Prepared by Postsynthetic Modification

A metal−organic framework (MOF) containing 2-amino-1,4-benzenedicarboxylate (NH2−BDC) as a building block is shown to undergo chemical modification with a set of cyclic anhydrides. The modification of the aluminum-based MOF known as MIL-53(Al)-NH2 (MIL = Material Institut Lavoisier) by these reagents is demonstrated by using a variety of methods, including NMR and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), and the structural integrity of the modified MOFs has been confirmed by thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD). Reaction with these cyclic anhydrides produces MOFs that display carboxylic acid functional groups within their pores. Furthermore, it is shown that maleic acid functionalized MIL-53(Al)-AMMal can act as a Bronsted acid catalyst and facilitate the methanolysis of several small epoxides. Experiments show that MIL-53(Al)-AMMal acts in a heterogeneous manner and is recyclable with consistent activity over at least three catalytic cycles. The findings prese...
Subdomain Chimeras of Hepatic Lipase and Lipoprotein Lipase LOCALIZATION OF HEPARIN AND COFACTOR BINDING

To specify and localize carboxyl-terminal domain functions of human hepatic lipase (HL) and human lipoprotein lipase (LPL), two subdomain chimeras were created in which portions of the carboxyl-terminal domain were exchanged between the two lipases. The first chimera (HL-LPLC1) was composed of residues 1-344 of human HL, residues 331-388 of human LPL, and residues 415-476 of human HL. The second chimera (HL-LPLC2) consisted of just two segments, residues 1-414 of human HL and residues 389-448 of human LPL. These chimeric constructs effectively divided the HL C-terminal domain into halves, with corresponding LPL sequences either in the first or second portion of that domain. Both chimeras were lipolytically active and hydrolyzed triolein emulsions to a similar extent compared with native HL and LPL. Heparin-Sepharose chromatography demonstrated that HL-LPLC1 and HL-LPLC2 eluted at 0.80 and 1.3 M NaCl, respectively, elution positions that corresponded to native HL and LPL. Hence, substitution of LPL sequences into the HL carboxyl-terminal domain resulted in the production of functional lipases, but with distinct heparin binding properties. In addition, HL-LPLC2 trioleinase activity was responsive to apoC-II activation, although the -fold stimulation was less than that observed with native LPL. Moreover, an apoC-II fragment (residues 44-79) was specifically cross-linked to LPL and HL-LPLC2, but not to HL or HL-LPLC1. Finally, both chimeras hydrolyzed phospholipid with a specific activity similar to that of HL, which was unaffected by the presence of apoC-II. These findings indicated that in addition to a region found within the amino-terminal domain of LPL, apoC-II also interacted with the last half of the carboxyl-terminal domain (residues 389-448) to achieve maximal lipolytic activation. In addition, the relative heparin affinity of HL and LPL was determined by the final 60 carboxyl-terminal residues of each enzyme.
Propagation and mechanism of decadal upper-ocean variability in the North Pacific

n n Two types of anomaly pathways associated with decadal thermocline variability in the North Pacific Ocean are identified on constant density surfaces (isopycnals): one westward and the other southwestward around the subtropical gyre. A theory, based on two baroclinic planetary wave modes in the thermocline, is proposed to account for the observed variability pattern. The variability along the westward wave path is ascribed to the non-Doppler-shift Ist mode and seems to be forced mainly by wind stress forcing; the anomaly along the southwestward subduction path is associated with the advective nature of the 2nd mode and could be excited mainly by surface buoyancy anomalies. This study may provide a dynamically unified, three-dimensional picture of decadal thermocline variability in the North Pacific Ocean.
Stimulation of vitamin A1 acid signaling by the HIV protease inhibitor indinavir

HIV protease inhibitors (PIs) are effective drugs for the treatment of AIDS. However, PI therapy is sometimes associated with side-effects including increased plasma lipids and altered body fat distribution, although fat redistribution may occur in some patients not treated with PIs. Overdosage with vitamin A(1) acid (all-trans-retinoic acid, ATRA) or its metabolites may cause similar changes in lipid metabolism. Moreover, the PI indinavir and retinoids have been associated with nail, skin, and hair defects, suggesting that indinavir and retinoids may exert their effects through similar molecular mechanisms. This hypothesis was tested by examining the effects of PIs on retinoid signaling in vitro. Mesenchymal stem cells (C3H10T1/2) were cultured in the presence of various PIs (amprenavir, indinavir, nelfinavir, ritonavir, and saquinavir) and synthetic retinoids, and the metabolic response was assessed by measuring the activity of a retinoid-regulated protein, alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Of the PIs tested, only indinavir stimulated ATRA-dependent ALP activity and altered stem cell morphology; the effects of indinavir occurred in the presence of ATRA, but not in its absence. Moreover, indinavir increased the effects of ATRA on lipid accumulation during fat cell differentiation. AGN 193109 (4-[[5,6-dihydro-5, 5-dimethyl-8-(4-methylphenyl)-2-naphthalenyl]ethynyl]-benzoic acid), a retinoic acid receptor (RAR) antagonist, inhibited the synergistic effects of indinavir and ATRA, indicating that indinavir increases RAR signaling. However, indinavir did not potentiate ALP activity in the presence of the RAR agonist CH55 (3,5-di-tert-butylchalcone 4'-carboxylic acid). Unlike ATRA, CH55 does not bind to cytosolic retinoic acid binding protein (CRABP), suggesting that CRABP may regulate the effects of indinavir on RAR signaling. These observations support the proposal that altered retinoid signaling promotes some of the adverse reactions associated with indinavir therapy, such as altered lipid metabolism.
Support group participation among persons with HIV: Demographic characteristics and perceived barriers

Support groups are widely available for persons living with HIV and some evidence supports their efficacy. However, limited information exists regarding characteristics of those who utilize HIV support groups. The present study examined demographic characteristics and perceived barriers of attenders and non-attenders of HIV support groups via a mail survey. The 35 respondents were predominantly white (71.4%), male (65.7%), homosexual/bisexual (57.1%) and diagnosed with HIV within the last five years (62.8%). Results suggested that HIV support group attenders had higher educational attainment and a longer time since diagnosis than non-attenders. Respondents who expressed interest in HIV support group participation were diagnosed more recently than those who did not express interest. Respondents who had attended other types of support groups reported fewer perceived barriers to participation in HIV support groups. Overall, findings suggest that the perception of barriers may be related to interest and participation in support groups for HIV and other problems.
A Comparison of the Fertility and Hatchability Performance of Stud and Pen Mated Single Comb White Leghorn Pullets and Cockerels

Abstract THERE has not been much work done on the comparative efficiency of stud mating and pen mating of poultry. Where land is costly and birds are raised above ground in laying pens or laying batteries, there is a need for knowledge of the merits of the two kinds of mating. Stud mating has not been popular because of the cost of labor. However, it would be interesting to know the difference in fertility and hatchability performance of stud- and pen-mated birds. Results of individual bird performance would give poultrymen a working knowledge of how each breeding pullet or cockerel should be mated. It would also be of value to find out the breeding worth of pullets and cockerels at 10 months of age instead of waiting for the end of the laying year. Waters (1937) reported that maximum adult egg weight is attained when the bird reaches maximum adult body . . .
The Design and Evaluation of a Supercritical-Speed Helicopter Power-Transmission Shaft

A series of research programs with small-diameter, supercritical-speed power-transmission shafting has led to the development of design techniques for the application of one or two viscous dampers to control shaft vibrations through as many as 20 critical speeds. These techniques have been used to design a large, 338.5-in-long helicopter rotor synchronizing shaft using aluminum tubing with an outside diameter of 4.50 in. and a wall thickness of 0.12 in. A single viscous damper located 30.0 in. from one end of the shaft has been used to successfully operate the shaft through its first five critical speeds. The design parameters and experimental results for this shaft are discussed, along with a description of the application of modal balancing at the third, fourth, and fifth critical speeds.
129Xe NMR Spectroscopy of Metal Carbonyl Clusters and Metal Clusters in Zeolite NaY

[Ir4(CO)12] and [Ir6(CO)16] were synthesized in the pores of zeolite NaY by reductive carbonylation of sorbed [Ir(CO)2(acac)], and [Rh6(CO)16] was similarly synthesized from [Rh(CO)2(acac)]. The supported metal carbonyl clusters were decarbonylated to give supported clusters modeled on the basis of extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectra as Ir4, Ir6, and Rh6, respectively. The supported metal carbonyl clusters and the supported metal clusters formed by their decarbonylation were investigated by 129Xe NMR spectroscopy at temperatures in the range of 100−305 K. As the temperature increased, the chemical shift decreased. The curves representing the chemical shift as a function of temperature for xenon sorbed on the zeolite that contained clusters modeled as Ir4, Ir6, and Rh6 were all essentially the same and hardly different from that observed for the bare zeolite NaY. This comparison leads to the conclusion that xenon is less strongly adsorbed on the decarbonylated metal clusters than on the zeolit...
Reduced action of insulin glargine on protein and lipid metabolism: Possible relationship to cellular hormone metabolism

Insulin analogues are used in the treatment of diabetes to mimic physiological insulin secretion. Glargine is used to provide basal insulin levels. Previous work has shown no differences in glucose uptake when glargine was compared to native insulin. The action of insulin on protein and lipid metabolism is studied infrequently, but these important actions should be considered with insulin analogues. In HepG2 cells, protein degradation was inhibited significantly less by glargine (15% over 3 hours) than by insulin (approximately 20% over 3 hours) (P < .05). Lipid metabolism was investigated in 3T3-L1 cells. In these cells glucose oxidation to CO2 was effected equally, but glargine was less potent than insulin at inhibiting epinephrine-stimulated lipolysis (EC50 = 1.4 v 0.35 nmol/L, P < .001) and at stimulating lipogenesis (EC50 = 1.27 v 8.06 nmol/L, P < .01). Since the action of insulin on protein and lipid metabolism has been suggested to be due to the metabolism of the hormone, we compared the cellular handling of 125I[A14]-glargine to 125I[A14]-insulin in HepG2 cells. While binding of glargine to the insulin receptor was identical to insulin, degradation of glargine was reduced compared to insulin (16.3% +/- 0.3% v 21.6% +/- 0.4% degraded/h, P < .01). Less degraded glargine than insulin was released from cells previously loaded with radiolabeled material (50.1% +/- 2.4% v 58.3% +/- 1.4%/2 h, P < .02). The amount of intact glargine released was concomitantly increased compared to insulin (44.8% +/- 2.6% v 35.8% +/- 1.4%/2 h, P < .02). These data provide further evidence for a relationship between insulin metabolism and insulin action on protein and lipid metabolism; however, the clinical relevance of these differences is hard to realize, since for the most part glargine, used as a basal insulin, is administered in addition to other shorter-acting insulin or analogues, and their effects will mask or reduce glargine effects on lipolysis and protein degradation. However, these studies do show that properties of insulin other than glucose metabolism and mitogenesis must be considered when studying insulin analogues.
Effect of age-related lipid peroxidation on membrane fluidity and phospholipase A2: Modulation by dietary restriction

Age-related changes in membrane property are generally accepted phenomena. In this report, using the anti-lipoperoxidative measure of dietary restriction on membranes, the age-related effects of lipid peroxidation on membrane fluidity are explored in conjunction with the membrane-associated phospholipase A2. The fluidity of mitochondrial and microsomal membranes from ad libitum fed rats shows a progressive decline with age as indicated by a substantial decrease in two parameters, l/polarization and l/anisotropy. In contrast, the membrane fluidity of dietary restricted rats shows slight changes between 6 and 24 months of age. Evidence is presented to support the possibility that age-related peroxidation of membrane lipids may play a significant role in bringing about fluidity changes in aged membranes. The findings on the increased phospholipase A2 with age is also consistent with this conclusion.