cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Serological and molecular characterization of mouse anti-idiotypic monoclonal antibodies elicited with the syngeneic anti-HLA-A2,28 monoclonal antibody CR11-351

The molecular basis of the differential specificity of seven mouse anti-id mAb elicited with the syngeneic anti-HLA-A2,28 mAb CR11-351 was analyzed by comparing their specificity with their heavy and light chain variable region sequences. Of the six mAb recognizing idiotopes within the antigen combining site of mAb CR11-351, mAb T10-352, T10-440 and T10-505 recognize the same (or spatially close) idiotope(s) since they cross-inhibit each other in their binding to mAb CR11-351 and elicit syngeneic anti-anti-id antibodies with similar specificity. On the other hand, mAb T10-421, T10-649 and T10-938 appear to recognize spatially close but distinct idiotopes since they cross-inhibit each other, but elicit anti-anti-id antibodies which inhibit only the binding of the respective immunizing anti-id mAb to mAb CR11-351. mAb T8-203 is the only anti-id mAb which recognizes an idiotope outside the antigen combining site of mAb CR11-351 since it does not inhibit the binding of the latter to target cells and binds to mAb CR11-351 coated B lymphoid cells. In addition, mAb T8-203 defines an idiotope which is shared by seven anti-HLA mAb, while the remaining six anti-id mAb recognize idiotopes which are not detectable on the panel of anti-HLA mAb. mAb T10-352, T10-440 and T10-505 are highly homologous in their VH and VL regions and in their V(D)J junctions suggesting that they may be clonally related. On the other hand, mAb T8-203, T10-649 and T10-938 share some degree of homology in their VH region as all of them use J558 VH genes but differ considerably in their VL regions. Finally, mAb T10-421 is the most unrelated mAb as it utilizes VH, D, JH, VK and JK gene segments different from those of all the other anti-id mAb. These findings indicate that in the HLA-A antigenic system defined by mAb CR11-351 the main mechanism underlying the differential target specificity of syngeneic anti-id mAb is the combinatorial diversity together with the differential pairing of heavy and light chains.
Artist Garret as Growth Machine? Local Policy and Artist Housing in U.S. Cities

While artists have always lived in cities, never before have city governments so actively sought to court artists, most notably by supporting the development of subsidized artist housing. This article relies on a survey of municipal officials, interviews, and secondary sources to document the spread of publicly supported artist housing. The article argues that artist housing programs can be found even in cities not known as cultural cities. It further demonstrates that in most cities, artist housing programs are considered part of an economic development agenda. It concludes that the unique class position of artists render them well suited in the eyes of public officials to play a transformative role in urban neighborhoods.
Airborne Observations of a Catalina Eddy

Summertime low-level winds over the ocean adjacent to the California coast are typically from the north, roughly parallel to the coastline. Past Point Conception the flow often turns eastward, thereby generating cyclonic vorticity in the California Bight. Clouds are frequently present when the cyclonic motion is well developed and at such times the circulation is referred to as a Catalina eddy. Onshore flow south of the California Bight associated with the eddy circulation can result in a thickening of the low-level marine stratus adjacent to the coast. During nighttime hours the marine stratus typically expands over a larger area and moves northward along the coast with the cyclonic circulation. A Catalina eddy was captured during the PrecisionAtmosphericMarineBoundaryLayerExperimentinJuneof2012.Measurementsweremadeofthe cloud structure in the marine layer and the horizontal pressure field associated with the cyclonic circulation using the University of Wyoming King Air research aircraft. Airborne measurements show that the coastal mountains to the south of Los Angeles block the flow, resulting in enhanced marine stratus heights and a local pressure maximum near the coast. The horizontal pressure field also supports a south‐north movement of marine stratus. Little evidence of leeside troughing south of Santa Barbara, California, was observed for this case, implying that the horizontal pressure field is forced primarily through topographic blocking by the coastal terrain south of Los Angeles, California, and the ambient large-scale circulation associated with the mean flow.
Linear Precoding and Decoding for Distributed Data Compression

Considering two correlated vector sources x, y isin RN, we address the problem of lossy coding of x with uncoded side information y available at the decoder. The general non-linear mapping between y and x capturing their correlation can be approximated through a linear model y = Hx + n in which x is independent of x. Viewing this model as a virtual communication channel with input x and output y we utilize linear precoding and decoding technique to convert the original vector source coding problem into a set of manageable scalar source coding problems. The scalar source coding problems can be solved using the existing distributed source coding algorithms that are primarily designed for the simple correlation model y = x + n where x and y are scalar jointly Gaussian sources
Sensational! Violent! Popular! Death in American Movies

This study examined death as portrayed in different types of American film. Death events were scored for number and type, use of death words, demographic characteristics, 23 different actions of instigators, and 24 reactions of recipients. Trained observers scored 25 popular films, 16 popular/award films, and 24 award films. The predominant depictions of death were attacks by weapon, threats, risks and conversations. Most common reactions in death scenes were fear, shock, protest and aggression. ANOVA comparisons across the three types of films showed that popular and popular/award films contained significantly more sensational death actions, such as non-weapon attacks, threats of death, close calls, risks taken, and accidents. Award films were significantly more likely to include scenes of routine, medical death events. No significant differences in use of language were found. Instigators in death scenes were six times more likely to be males. Female characters were nearly twice as likely to be recipient...
An Arabidopsis thaliana protein interacts with a movement protein of Turnip crinkle virus in yeast cells and in vitro

Plant virus movement proteins bind host components to promote virus movement from initially infected cells to neighbouring cells. In this study, cDNA clones encoding p8 and p9, two small proteins required for the movement of Turnip crinkle virus, were used as ‘bait’ in a yeast two-hybrid system to screen an Arabidopsis thaliana cDNA library for interactive proteins. One A. thaliana clone was identified that encodes a protein, designated Atp8, which interacted with p8 in yeast cells and in vitro. The apparent full-length of Atp8 mRNA was sequenced and shown to encode a protein with two possible transmembrane helices, several potential phosphorylation sites and two ‘RGD’ sequences.
Combined experimental and computational strategies define an expansive regulon for GcvB small RNA.

Summary The bacterial small RNA GcvB has been known as a translational repressor of mRNAs encoding amino acid transporters and has been postulated to limit uptake of unnecessary amino acids under nutrient-rich conditions. In this issue of Molecular Microbiology, Sharma et al. (2011) provide evidence for a much broader role for GcvB as a global regulator of amino acid metabolism. Using a unique combination of experimental and biocomputational approaches, the authors triple the size of the GcvB regulon, making it the largest sRNA regulon defined to date.
Role of Hydrophobic Amino Acids at β85 and β88 in Stabilizing F Helix Conformation of Hemoglobin S

Three Hb S variants containing Glu substitutions at Phe-β85 and/or Leu-β88 were expressed in yeast in an effort to evaluate the role of hydrophobic amino acids at these sites in stabilizing F helix conformation of Hb S. Helix stability of tetrameric Hb S βF85E,βL88E was measured by CD and compared with those of Hb S βF85E, Hb S βL88E, Hb A, and Hb S. The CD spectra of these Hb S variants were similar to those of Hb S and Hb A at 10°C. However, changes in ellipticity at 222 nm for Hb S βF85E in the CO form at 60°C were about 15-fold greater than that of Hb S, while those for Hb S βL88E and Hb S βF85E,βL88E were similar and about 30-fold greater than Hb S. Thermal stability measured by continuous scanning of spectral changes revealed the three Hb S variants were much more unstable than Hb S, and stability of Hb S βF85E,βL88E was similar to that of Hb S βL88E rather than Hb S βF85E. These results suggest that Glu insertion at both β85 and β88 makes heme insertion into the heme pocket more difficult; however, once inserted, stability of Hb S βF85E,βL88E is similar to Hb S βL88E rather than Hb S βF85E. Furthermore, these results suggest that both Phe-β85 and Leu-β88 are critical for F helix stabilization and that Glu insertion at β88 leads to more destabilization than insertion at β85.
Applying for Home Mortgages in Immigrant Communities: The Case of Asian Applicants in Los Angeles:

In this paper it is argued that the spatial segmentation of financial services in urban areas, generated by a combination of financial market characteristics, transnational movements of people and capital, cultural practices, ethnic resources, and social networks may produce, at the early stages of the home mortgage application process, a sorting of Asian borrowers into mortgage channels that may differ from those of other minority groups and may have, in the long run, a different impact on the exposure and vulnerability of borrowers to adverse lending practices and products. The study employs multinomial logistic regression and GIS analysis of annual Home Mortgage Disclosure Data and explores trends in home mortgage loan applications to different types of lenders by Asian, white, and other minority prospective borrowers in the Los Angeles Metropolitan Area. Findings indicate that Asian applicants feature a greater propensity to apply for mortgage loans at very large mainstream banks and Asian-owned banks...
Hierarchical yield estimation of large analog integrated circuits

A hierarchical Monte Carlo methodology for parametric yield estimation of large analog integrated circuits is presented. The methodology exploits the natural functional hierarchy of a circuit and employs a combination of behavioral and regression modeling to replace device-level circuit simulation where possible. Two related techniques for hierarchical yield estimation are demonstrated on a reasonably large BiCMOS circuit combining discrete-time and continuous-time operation. The hierarchical yield estimates agree well with the benchmark of device-level circuit simulation of the complete circuit and are less computationally expensive. >
Standard versus computerized administration of the wisconsin card sorting test

Abstract Performance on the Psychological Assessment Resources computerized version of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST)(PAR) was compared to that on the standard version of the WCST using 119 neurologically normal subjects from Spain. Subjects were randomly assigned to test versions and were administered either the standard or computerized WCST. The data indicate that these two test versions yield similar results in normals. Further, age- and education-corrected standard scores based on the North American standardization sample described in the WCST manual indicate that performance by Spanish subjects on measures of the WCST approximates that of North American subjects.
A Review of STD/HIV Preventive Interventions for Adolescents: Sustaining Effects Using an Ecological Approach

Objective Behavioral intervention programs to reduce adolescent sexual risk behaviors have shown statistically significant reductions in the short-term; however, longer-term follow-up has demonstrated that effects diminish. One criticism has been the reliance on individual-level models. We review the research that has shaped this narrow perspective and propose that a broader, ecological perspective is needed to amplify and extend the efficacy of sexual risk reduction interventions. Methods We summarize adolescent sexual risk research and outline intervention research that is suggestive of an ecological perspective. Examples from the published literature that have investigated antecedents or conceptualized preventive interventions using a multilevel approach are provided. Results Adolescents are exposed to diverse sources of influence transecting different levels of causation. To adequately prevent, reduce, and maintain the likelihood of adolescents’ adopting sexual risk behaviors, intervention programs should be designed to address these myriad levels of causation. This approach has been implemented in Brazil and was shown to be effective. Conclusion Research should cross manifold levels of causation so that programs will be more effective at promoting adolescents’ adoption and maintenance of STD/HIV preventive behaviors.
Perspectives of Five Stakeholder Groups: Challenging Behavior of Individuals with Mental Retardation and/or Autism

Data from five focus groups, each representing a different stakeholder constituency interested in the challenging behavior of individuals with mental retardation and/or autism, were reported. Emerg...
Do Voters Affect or Elect Policies? Evidence from the U. S. House

There are two fundamentally different views of the role of elections in policy formation. In one view, voters can affect candidates’ policy choices: competition for votes induces politicians to move toward the center. In this view, elections have the effect of bringing about some degree of policy compromise. In the alternative view, voters merely elect policies: politicians cannot make credible promises to moderate their policies, and elections are merely a means to decide which one of two opposing policy views will be implemented. We assess which of these contrasting perspectives is more empirically relevant for the U. S. House. Focusing on elections decided by a narrow margin allows us to generate quasi-experimental estimates of the impact of a “randomized” change in electoral strength on subsequent representatives’ roll-call voting records. We find that voters merely elect policies: the degree of electoral strength has no effect on a legislator’s voting behavior. For example, a large exogenous increase in electoral strength for the Democratic party in a district does not result in shifting both parties’ nominees to the left. Politicians’ inability to credibly commit to a compromise appears to dominate any competition-induced convergence in policy.
A multiple frequency signal generator for 802.11a/b/g VoWLAN type applications using organic packaging technology

This paper proposes a signal generator that simultaneously generates multiple frequencies while using the same set of passive components. The first example demonstrates the capability of simultaneously generating 2.45GHz and 5.2 GHz (WLAN a/b/g). Additionally, an oscillator capable of concurrently generating 900 MHz and 1.9 GHz (GSM and DCS-1800 band) is also presented. This paper uses the theory of multi-resonant passives and shows their immediate effects on different topologies of signal generators that generate signals for two or more frequency bands. In addition, measured and simulated results of individual blocks of such a simultaneous signal generator, such as, filters, individual oscillators, and feedback networks, are demonstrated.
A scalable coherent cache system with a dynamic pointing scheme

The author presents a scalable coherent cache scheme which is an interpolation between the full-vector scheme and the coarse-vector scheme. In contrast to the coarse vector, where each vector bit is used to represent a fixed number of processors, the new scheme uses a dynamic technique to enlarge and shift the bit vector so that the vector presents as few processors as possible with each vector bit. This technique allows the dynamic vector to be present only where it is used, which helps to reduce the amount of invalidation traffic. The author evaluates the new scheme using trace-driven simulation. The applications used for the evaluation represent a wide range of parallel algorithms written in different programming languages. The performance of the new scheme is presented in terms of execution time and invalidation traffic and is compared with the results for the full-vector, the coarse-vector, and the broadcast scheme. The new scheme performed in most of the cases as well as the full-vector scheme and in all cases better than all other limited-pointer schemes. >
One-liter Hg ion clock for space and ground applications

We describe the development of a small Hg/sup +/ ion clock suitable for space use. A small clock occupying 1-2 liters volume and producing stability of 10/sup -12///spl radic//spl tau/ would significantly advance the state of space-qualified atomic clocks. Based on recent measurements, this technology should produce long-term stability as good as 10/sup -15/.
Early pulmonary response to allergen is attenuated during acute emotional stress in females with asthma

Some asthma patients and physicians who treat asthma have reported that stress worsens their disease. It has also recently been shown that chronic stressful life events increase airway inflammation 6–24 h after inhalation of antigen in patients with allergic asthma. However, there is no data regarding the effect of an acute stressor on the airway constriction that occurs within minutes of antigen inhalation (early pulmonary response) in this same population. The aim of this study was to examine this effect in eight females with allergic asthma. Each subject was challenged with increasing concentrations of inhaled allergen on a control visit (no stress) and on a stress visit, when they were asked to verbally recount an emotionally stressful situation between each concentration. Systolic (SP) and diastolic (DP) blood pressure, cardiac frequency ( f c) and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV 1 ) were measured on both visits. SP, DP and f c were statistically increased on the stress visit as compared to control. Per cent decrease in FEV 1 at the same last dose of allergen was significantly less on the stress visit (11.2±7.0%) compared to control (15.0±8.7%). These findings suggest that the early pulmonary response to inhaled allergen is attenuated while verbally re­experiencing an acute emotional stressor in females with allergic asthma.
Suture technique and para-anastomotic compliance

Abstract We previously described a para-anastomotic hypercompliant zone (PHZ), located 3 to 4 mm from end-to-end continuous anastomoses in canine femoral arteries, in which arterial compliance first increases approximately 50% above adjacent reference values before falling to a minimum at the anastomosis. To determine if PHZ is affected by suture technique, 16 interrupted and 21 continuous end-to-end anastomoses were studied. Pulsed ultrasound was used to obtain detailed longitudinal profiles of compliance and diameter vs. distance, at 1 mm intervals within a 2 cm region centered at the anastomoses. Both compliance and diameter at the anastomosis were lower in continuous compared with interrupted anastomoses (p augments any preexisting compliance mismatch between artery and graft, which may contribute to the development of para-anastomotic subintimal hyperplasia. Interrupted anastomoses, which create a smaller compliance mismatch than do continuous and have a lower incidence of PHZ, may be preferred in certain settings. (J VASC SURG 1986;3:591-8.)
Implications for the Study of Fossil Asteroidea (Echinodermata) of New Genera and Species from the Eocene of Florida

Oyenaster oblidus, Ocalaster timucum, and Ocalaster seloyi are new genera and species of the family Goniasteridae (Asteroidea) described from the Eocene Ocala Limestone of Florida. Although the fossil record of asteroids is sketchy, goniasterids appear to have been important contributors to marine communities since at least the Middle Jurassic. Similarities between living goniasterids and their fossil precursors indicate that plesiomorphy and convergence have been important in family history, and as a result, taxonomic interpretation is challenging. Even partial fossil goniasterids are rare, forcing systematists to rely heavily on isolated marginal ossicles, although some authors have expressed the need for caution. Building around three new taxa, we suggest that broader approaches can aid systematic interpretation of all crown-group asteroids. We also suggest that the inevitably idiosyncratic interpretations of marginal-based systematics can be partially tested using blind evaluations.
Evaluating the Outcomes of Deafness as a Natural Experiment

What can the study of deaf people tell us about intelligence and differences in IQ between groups? The data in Chapter 3 are provocative in suggesting ways that environment does, and does not, affect IQ differences between groups. However, there are many factors confounded with deafness, and many alternative explanations of outcomes, that must be considered carefully before drawing conclusions. This chapter is devoted to an examination of three hypotheses that might affect between-group differences in IQ: (1) bias in mental tests, (2) the influence of compensation on IQs, and (3) experimental procedures used to obtain IQs. Each of these rival hypotheses will be considered with respect to their potential to account for the results obtained from deafness as a natural experiment.
Imagine a Secured Creditor Being Beaten by an Unsecured One

This article analyzes a recent California appellate decision that rejects the claim of an Article 9 secured creditor to loan funds held in escrow to buy out a former partner of the borrower.
A model of state and federal biofuel policy: Feasibility assessment of the California Low Carbon Fuel Standard

Abstract Biofuel policy is under near constant review at both the federal and state level. For example, as part of on-going implementation of the California Low Carbon Fuel Standard (LCFS), the California Air Resources Board has recently designed and is implementing a new cost containment mechanism as part of the compliance credit market embedded within the LCFS. This mechanism was born out of concerns that there may be a shortage of LCFS credits, which could lead to an unpredictable rise in the credit price. In general, it is important to develop appropriate mathematical tools with which to estimate the impact of policy changes on biofuel markets. Motivated by the need for such analyses, a novel regional market model is developed that quantifies several categories of impacts across different regional markets. These market impacts include policy-specific effects of California’s LCFS as well as the federal level Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS). Several scenarios are developed to highlight issues of long term LCFS feasibility; in particular, this work highlights the role that biodiesel/renewable diesel might need to play in order for the goals of the LCFS to be met. We find that biodiesel blending will need to increase dramatically within a short period of time (i.e., by 2016 all diesel fuel would need to be 20% blends) in order to generate enough LCFS credits. Additionally, this model highlights the indirect market linkages between the LCFS/RFS credit markets; certain biofuels can register under both programs and generate both credits. As a result, if attempts in the US Congressional to fully repeal the RFS are successful, it is possible that the LCFS credit price could increase more than 50%. Symmetrically, it is also true that if the LCFS program were eliminated, certain RFS credit markets would also be impacted, but to a lesser extent.
Techniques for Automated Performance Analysis

The performance of a particular HPC code depends on a multitude of variables, including compiler selection, optimization flags, OpenMP pool size, file system load, memory usage, MPI configuration, etc. As a result of this complexity, current predictive models have limited applicability, especially at scale. We present a formulation of scientific codes, nodes, and clusters that reduces complex performance analysis to well-known mathematical techniques. Building accurate predictive models and enhancing our understanding of scientific codes at scale is an important step towards exascale computing.
Diffusivities from the calculation and measurement of radiation kinetics

Solute diffusion occurs in the solid state through interactions between lattice defects and specific solute species. This article describes calculations and measurements of major solute diffusion parameters in irradiated austenitic stainless steels at temperatures below 500 °C. Calculated diffusivity parameters are shown to be in accord with high-temperature, thermal-diffusion experiments. The predictions are used to understand irradiation-assisted stress corrosion cracking as it relates to chromium depletion at irradiated grain boundaries.
Evaluation of wheat and triticale forage for stocker production in the Gulf Coast region

ABSTRACT A 3-yr grazing experiment was conducted to quantify productivity, quality characteristics, and beef performance from wheat (Triticum aestivum) and triticale (× Triticosecale) forage compared with ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) for use in the Gulf Coast region. Six 1.42-ha pastures (2 paddocks/forage treatment) were seeded in early fall of each year and stocked continuously beginning in late fall and early winter with 3 yearling steers (322 ± 10 kg initial BW). Additional put-and-take steers were used to maintain available forage mass at 1,500 to 2,000 kg of DM/ha. Steer ADG was not different between ryegrass and wheat (1.51 and 1.36 kg, respectively) but was less (P
Motivating Entrepreneurship and Innovative Activity: Analyzing US Policies and Programs

Government policy has undertaken a number of key initiatives, such as the Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) program, the Advanced Technology Program (ATP), and the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), with the goal of developing the innovative capacity and overall economic performance of the country. These agencies not only help firms innovate where they otherwise would most likely not have, but they also help to address the current and future needs of government agencies for innovative solutions. In order to understand how and why government intervention is needed, the chapter offers an explanation of why R&D and innovation necessitates governmental support.
The Immunohistochemical Method

Immunohistochemistry involves the binding of an antibody to a cellular or tissue antigen of interest and then visualization of the bound product by a detection system. With the ever-increasing number of antibodies against cellular epitopes, immunohistochemistry is an extremely useful diagnostic tool as well as a means to guide specific therapies that target a particular antigen on neoplastic cells. As many antibodies are effective in fixed paraffin-embedded tissues, large retrospective studies of protein expression in a variety of human cancers can easily be performed.
Predictors of non-compliance with baseline sigmoidoscopy in the PLCO screening trial

A55 In observational (e.g. case-control) studies of cancer screening efficacy, the possibility of confounding is great, as those who choose to be screened often have a substantially different underlying risk of mortality from the cancer of interest than those who do not (i.e. self-selection bias). The objective of this study was to evaluate this potential bias by exploring the association between a number of established colorectal cancer (CRC) risk factors and compliance with a screening invitation, using data from the sigmoidoscopy intervention in the PLCO cancer screening trial. The study population included individuals randomized into the intervention arm of the PLCO trial. We excluded those with a self-reported history of colorectal disease (including ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s Disease, Gardner’s syndrome, familial polyposis, or colorectal polyps), because endoscopic surveillance is recommended in this group, and this could affect their compliance with study sigmoidoscopy. Similarly, we excluded those non-compliers who either died or were diagnosed with colorectal cancer within three months of randomization, since these individuals may have been involved with other more pressing healthcare issues and/or outside-of-study colorectal examinations that made sigmoidoscopy screening unwarranted. The final sample size for this analysis was 69,246, of whom 10,024 (14 percent) did not attend the T0 sigmoidoscopy. As measured by relative risks (RR) in multivariate poisson regression models, non-compliance was greater in females (RR 1.6, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.6, 1.7), those of non-white race (RR 1.4, 95% CI 1.3, 1.4), current smokers (vs. never-smokers, RR 1.4, 95% CI 1.3,1.5), and those who were underweight (vs. normal weight, RR 1.3, 95% CI 1.1, 1.5). There was also a trend towards increasing non-compliance with age (RR 70+ vs.
Filament Formation in Listeria monocytogenes.

Listeria monocytogenes strains SLCC 5764 cells were challenged with various NaCl concentrations and levels of pH. Cells were propagated in tryptic soy broth containing 250 to 1,500 mM NaCl or TSB at pH values ranging from 3.5 to 9.5.Microscopic analyses of the listerial cells following incubation revealed morphological changes under several adverse conditions. Filament formation occurred at NaCl concentrations above 1,000 mM with an increase in filament length as NaCl concentration increased. The same phenomenon was observed at pH values of 5.0 to 6.0 (adjusted with citric acid) and at pH > 9.0 (NaOH). The length of the filaments increased as the growth environment became more challenging. Cellular elongation of L. monocytogenes cells grown under these conditions suggests that an adaptation mechanism for survival may be involved. Since long filament structures may form under certain stressful conditions, these observations may be useful in preventing misidentification of L. monocytogenes .
Conquest in Cyberspace: Information Warfare as Noise

Information at rest can be destroyed if its owners have failed to back it up. Information in motion can also be halted by attacks on communications system. There is yet one more way to destroy information, and that is by doing so indirectly. The bits, as it were, are untouched. But the credibility of the information is ruined by adding false information to it to the point where the victim must choose between misinformation (believing what is not true) or disinformation (being unable to believe what is true). Here, we argue, is the essential character of information warfare, something entirely consistent with the theory of information. Information theory, for its part, was invented nearly sixty years ago by Claude Shannon asking how much information can be extracted from a signal. In digital terms, if every bit is guaranteed to arrive error-free, then every bit can contain information. If some known percentage of bits is randomly flipped, the amount of reliable information in the bit-stream would be reduced. There are techniques (such as trellis encoding) that can, by adding bits, increase the confidence that one can recover the original signal, but they reduce the ratio of signal to bits transmitted, cannot restore 100 percent confidence, and require that the distribution of flipped bits be random and their expected error rate be more or less known. Randomly flipped bits can be seen as noise.
Dinero y sentimientos: Valuación económica y la naturaleza de la “Naturaleza”

?Como atribuimos valor monetario a las cosas intangibles? Este articulo ofrece un enfoque sociologico general para responder esta pregunta, utilizando el valor economico de la naturaleza como caso paradigmatico y las disputas judiciales por los derrames de petroleo en Francia y Estados Unidos como ejemplos empiricos. Este articulo sugiere que una sociologia de la valuacion economica debe resolver tres problemas: el “por que”, que se refiere al lugar general de la moneda como medida de valor; el “como”, que se refiere a las tecnicas y argumentos especificos que legos y expertos despliegan para obtener traducciones monetarias; y el “entonces que”, que se refiere a como repercuten las valuaciones monetarias en las practicas y representaciones sociales.
Fibrin Tissue Sealant as an Adjunct to Cleft Palate Repair.

Purpose Fibrin glue is a common tissue sealant used to promote hemostasis, adhere tissues, and accelerate healing. Cleft palate repair can be technically challenging, creating dead space between tissue planes, and can be prone to complications such as would dehiscence or bleeding. The purpose of this study is to assess the role of fibrin glue as an adjunct to cleft palate repair. The authors hypothesize a beneficial impact on complication rates, including bleeding, dehiscence, and fistula formation, among others. Methods Primary cleft palate repairs using fibrin glue were retrospectively analyzed. Demographic, intraoperative, perioperative, and postoperative data were combed for outcome variables. Complication rates were calculated in percentages and the results were compared to the published literature. Z-test statistics were performed for comparison. Results A total of 45 patients, 21 females and 24 males, who underwent primary cleft palate repair with fibrin glue between 2011 and 2014, had sufficient data to be reviewed. There were no instances of bleeding, dehiscence, airway obstruction, infection, oronasal fistula, or return to the operating room in any patients. One patient exhibited mild postoperative coughing and secretions that resolved with conservative measures. Another patient displayed postoperative seizure activity due to a pre-existing condition. All complication rates in our fibrin glue series were lower than those reported without the use of fibrin glue. Overall complication rates with fibrin sealant are significantly lower than overall complication rates without. Conclusion Our data suggest that fibrin sealant is a beneficial adjunct to cleft palate repair. Its application is well-tolerated and the complication profile in our cohort was much less than the reported rates. The results of this preliminary study should be vetted with a prospective analysis involving a control group.
Linear Periodically Time-Varying (LPTV) Circuits Enable New Radio Architectures for Emerging Wireless Communication Paradigms: Extended Abstract: Invited

The next generation of cellular wireless communication networks (the much hyped "5G") is targeting a 1000x increase in data capacity. This has sparked an investigation of new and transformative wireless communication paradigms, including massive MIMO, full duplex and millimeter-wave wireless. These new wireless paradigms place requirements on the radio circuitry that are orders of magnitude more challenging than traditional systems, forcing us to rethink conventional radio design. Conventional analog and radio frequency circuit design has relied on linear, time-invariant (LTI) components and circuits. However, LTI components and circuits are restricted in the signal processing functionalities that can be implemented. Recently, there has been significant interest in linear, periodically time varying (LPTV) circuits that can enable new functionalities and components, such as highly-tunable, high quality integrated filters, front-ends with spatio-spectral filtering capability and integrated non-magnetic non-reciprocal components such as circulators and isolators. This paper reviews recent research breakthroughs in LPTV circuits and systems that enable full-duplex and massive MIMO wireless.
Manufacturing Considerations and Tools for Flip Chip Assembly

The complexity of building an area-array manufacturing line is similar to constructing standard electronic-packaging facilities. Decisions which affect the productivity of a manufacturing plant span from initial package design to finished product inspection. As with any manufacturing operation, tradeoffs must be constantly evaluated to achieve an acceptable balance between quality, production, cost and reliability objectives.
Characteristics of light: Velocity, massless energy, and special relativity

Abstract A laser protractor system was used to measure the behavior of light reflected from a smooth surface as a function of varying incident angles. The angle of incidence always equals the angle of reflection over the entire range of incident angles from −90° to +90°. In each case the speed that light propagates through air is constant c, while the horizontal and vertical components vary widely. At any incident angle, the square root of the squares of the corresponding horizontal and vertical components always equals speed c. Experiments indicate that photons obtain lateral velocity from lateral shifting sources, which is a property of particles with mass, while maintaining fixed speed c in the propagation direction. Invalid interpretations have been made using light with moving detectors to demonstrate “time dilation” theory. A demonstration here indicates distances traveled by light are vectors that must be matched with the corresponding light velocity component to compute time. Intrinsic light speed is slower after entering glass or water from air, but increases to its fixed intrinsic air speed after exiting. These phenomena demonstrate that absolute time does not dilate, and that light has no mass, but can mimic mass, and is thus not subject to gravity.
Wave Propagation in Myocardium

I present an overview of cable theory for propagation in onedimensional excitable cables and some modifications necessary to account for the discrete cellular nature of myocardial cells and gap junctions. The modified cable theory is shown to agree quite well with a number of recent experiments on propagation in anisotropic tissue that are unexplained by the classical continuous theory.
Decaying compressible turbulence with thermal non-equilibrium

The interaction of decaying turbulence with thermal non-equilibrium (TNE) is studied using direct numerical simulations. The focus is on energy exchanges and decay rates in decaying flows with initial vibrational excitation. A key finding is the identification of different regimes in the interaction and the nondimensional parameter (β) that controls it. The latter accounts for the degree of initial TNE as well as the ratio of timescales of turbulence and vibrational relaxation. For β 1, TNE relaxation is relatively fast and produces an increase in translational–rotational energy, which, through changes in transport coefficients, leads to a temporary increase in dissipation leading to faster turbulence decay rates. Theoretical arguments are put forth to determine the asymptotic limits of this effect. TNE relaxation is also affected by turbulent fluctuations in unexpected ways. For example, although initial conditions are always vibrationally hot, the flow may undergo vibrationally cold transients, which are explained through simple models. The results presented here help explain disagreement between previous experimental and numerical data.
Abstract 010: Similar Increases in Arterial Shear-rate Evoked by Handgrip Exercise Activate Autophagy and Enos to a Lesser Extent in Primary Endothelial Cells From Older vs. Adult Subjects

We reported that genetic or pharmacological suppression of autophagy in bovine and human arterial endothelial cells (ECs) prevents shear-stress induced p-eNOSS1177 and NO generation (Bharath et al....
Abstract 2828: Bacterial diversity correlates with tumor stage and survival in stomach and lung TCGA cancer cohorts

Microbiological infections account for up to 20% of the total global cancer burden. Infection-associated cancers are commonly attributed to viral, and to a lesser extent, parasitic and bacterial etiologies. There is growing evidence that microbial variation can influence cancer development, progression, response to therapy, and outcome. We wanted to examine the microbial composition of paired tumor and adjacent normal tissue across various cancer types in order to provide an improved understanding of microbial diversity and abundance patterns of the tumor microenvironment and their influence on clinical presentation and survival. We hypothesized that adjacent normal will be associated with greater species diversity. Methodology: 2234 TCGA tumor & adjacent normal sequencing files (phs000178.v.9.p8; Project ID 14778) representing 1532 cases from stomach adenocarcinoma (TCGA -STAD) and bronchus & lung adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma (TCGA-LUAD, LUSC ) primary tumor sites were processed through a bioinformatics pipeline designed to generate microbial profiles from raw DNA sequences using PathoScope 2.0 (http://sourceforge.net/projects/pathoscope/) and visualized with KRONA™ plots (Ondov BMC Bioinformatics 2011,12:385). Diversity metrics were calculated to compare taxa between tumor & its paired adjacent normal using vegan R-package (version 2.5.2). Differential abundance was examined using Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Sum test. Bacterial taxa with false discovery rate (FDR) adjusted P-value Citation Format: Rebecca M. Rodriguez, Vedbar S. Khadka, Mark Menor, Youping Deng, Brenda Y. Hernandez. Bacterial diversity correlates with tumor stage and survival in stomach and lung TCGA cancer cohorts [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2828.
Fitting an experimental potential energy curve for the 10(0+)[43Π0] electronic state of NaCs.

We present experimentally determined potential energy curves for the 10(0+)[43Π0] electronic state of NaCs. The 10(0+)[43Π0] state exhibits a double-minimum structure, resulting in a distinctive bound-free fluorescence signature. The perturbation facilitated optical-optical double resonance method was used to obtain Doppler-free excitation spectra corresponding to rovibrational transitions to the 10(0+)[43Π0] state. Spectroscopic constants were determined to summarize data belonging to inner well, outer well, and above the barrier regions of the electronic state. The Rydberg-Klein-Rees and inverted perturbation approach methods were used to construct a potential which reproduces the experimental rovibrational energies within a root-mean-square deviation of 2.33 cm−1. An alternative to the pointwise potential approach was also used to determine the potential energy curve by directly fitting an expanded Morse oscillator functional form. Advantages between the two approaches as they apply to double minimum wells are discussed.We present experimentally determined potential energy curves for the 10(0+)[43Π0] electronic state of NaCs. The 10(0+)[43Π0] state exhibits a double-minimum structure, resulting in a distinctive bound-free fluorescence signature. The perturbation facilitated optical-optical double resonance method was used to obtain Doppler-free excitation spectra corresponding to rovibrational transitions to the 10(0+)[43Π0] state. Spectroscopic constants were determined to summarize data belonging to inner well, outer well, and above the barrier regions of the electronic state. The Rydberg-Klein-Rees and inverted perturbation approach methods were used to construct a potential which reproduces the experimental rovibrational energies within a root-mean-square deviation of 2.33 cm−1. An alternative to the pointwise potential approach was also used to determine the potential energy curve by directly fitting an expanded Morse oscillator functional form. Advantages between the two approaches as they apply to double minimum w...
Engaging Legal Research Students Through Supplemental Readings from the Last Decade

This is a selected annotated bibliography of supplemental readings from the last decade, divided into the following topics: readings for the first day, primary sources, secondary sources, specialized legal research, electronic legal research, and legal research tools. At the end of this article, I also list additional supplemental readings that I came across in my search for more supplemental readings that could be helpful for a legal research course. Each of the readings in this article could be used in an advanced legal research course, and most are readings that would be appropriate at the basic 1L legal research level or for an LL.M. legal research course.
Epilogue When Does the “Heart” Take Over? Some Reflections on Archaeologies of the Heart

In this Epilogue to the volume, I consider what a heart-centered approach brings to an archaeology of the 21st century by drawing on “lessons from others”; that is, from three different mostly outside-of -archaeology sources who have considered in their own ways how we can be more heart-centered: one calls for more STEMpathy in our increasing technology-centered world. Another reminds us that, in history (as in archaeology) we have a great responsibility in remembering the past for the dead. And lastly, in keeping with the motivation for this entire volume, I remind our readers to consider deeply the contributions and ideas associated with both Indigenous and feminist archaeologies. I applaud this endeavor to take on more affective and open research practices.
Interfacial and mechanical properties of environment-friendly green composites made from pineapple fibers and poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-valerate) resin

Physical and tensile properties of pineapple fibers were characterized. Tensile properties of pineapple fibers, like most natural fibers, showed a large variation. The average interfacial shear strength between the pineapple fiber and poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-valerate) (PHBV) was 8.23 MPa as measured by the microbond technique. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) photomicrographs of the microbond specimens revealed an adhesive failure of the interface. Fully degradable and environment-friendly “green” composites were prepared by combining pineapple fibers and PHBV with 20 and 30% weight content of fibers placed in a 0°/90°/0° fiber arrangement. Tensile and flexural properties of these “green” composites were compared with different types of wood specimens. Even though tensile and flexural strength and moduli of these “green” composites were lower than those of some wood specimens tested in grain direction, they were significantly higher than those of wood specimens tested in perpendicular to grain direction. Compared to PHBV virgin resin, both tensile and flexural strength and moduli of these “green” composites were significantly higher. SEM photomicrographs of the fracture surface of the “green” composites, in tensile mode, showed partial fiber pull-out indicating weak bonding between the fiber and the matrix.
Long-term hypervitaminosis D-induced hypercalcaemia treated with glucocorticoids and bisphosphonates.

Hypercalcaemia is a common diagnosis with the majority of cases resulting from hyperparathyroidism or malignancy. We report a rare case of persistent symptomatic hypervitaminosis D-induced hypercalcaemia in an individual taking 50 000 IU of vitamin D supplement daily for several months following a diagnosis of vitamin D deficiency. His hypercalcaemia was initially treated with calcitonin and intravenous fluids, but due to recurrent symptomatic hypercalcaemia after discharge, additional treatment with glucocorticoids and bisphosphonates was warranted during his second admission. The pathophysiology of hypercalcaemia from vitamin D intoxication results from the long-term effects of vitamin D storage in adipose tissue. In the present case, we discuss this pathophysiology and treatment approaches in the context of increasing awareness of and testing for vitamin D deficiency, and growing access to over-the-counter supplements.