cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Strategic Planning of Urban Network Evacuation with Balanced Signal Control and Crosselimination Strategies

AbstractThis paper addresses a critical operational issue of optimally converting some signalized intersections in an evacuation network into crosselimination control points to improve system perfo...
Taxonomy of 'Euconnus complex'. Part XVIII. Status of subgenera Palaeoconnus Franz and Heterotetramelus Franz (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Scydmaeninae).

Based on examination of type species, the subgenera Palaeoconnus Franz and Heterotetramelus Franz are removed from Euconnus Thomson. Adults of Palaeoconnus have the prosternum bearing a subtriangular prosternal process and their metacoxae are contiguous, which exclude this taxon from Euconnus. Palaeoconnus is transferred to Sciacharis Broun as subgenus and redefined. The lectotype is designated for its type species, Scydmaenus brevipes Sharp. Sciacharis andicola (Franz), previously treated as incertae sedis within Sciacharis, is placed in Palaeoconnus. Heterotetramelus is also excluded from Euconnus, on the basis of the mesoventrite lacking the mesoventral intercoxal process and the contiguous metacoxae. Heterotetramelus stat. n. is elevated to genus rank and redefined, and the lectotype is designated for its type species, Euconnus caledonicus Franz. Moreover, the newly defined Heterotetramelus is reclassified to include four subgenera: Heterotetramelus s. str. (with seven species distributed in New Caledonia), Sciacharoides Jaloszynski, stat. n. (reduced from genus; with three Australian species); Australosciacharoides subgen. n. (with only one Australian species transferred from Sciacharoides); and Tamborinus subgen. n. (also with one Australian species transferred from Sciacharoides).
Network Analysis Reveals Which Negative Symptom Domains Are Most Central in Schizophrenia vs Bipolar Disorder

Network analysis was used to examine how densely interconnected individual negative symptom domains are, whether some domains are more central than others, and whether sex influenced network structure. Participants included outpatients with schizophrenia (SZ; n = 201), a bipolar disorder (BD; n = 46) clinical comparison group, and healthy controls (CN; n = 27) who were rated on the Brief Negative Symptom Scale. The mutual information measure was used to construct negative symptom networks. Groups were compared on macroscopic network properties to evaluate overall network connectedness, and microscopic properties to determine which domains were most central. Macroscopic analyses indicated that patients with SZ had a less densely connected negative symptom network than BD or CN groups, and that males with SZ had less densely connected networks than females. Microscopic analyses indicated that alogia and avolition were most central in the SZ group, whereas anhedonia was most central in BD and CN groups. In addition, blunted affect, alogia, and asociality were most central in females with SZ, and alogia and avolition were most central in males with SZ. These findings suggest that negative symptoms may be highly treatment resistant in SZ because they are not very densely connected. Less densely connected networks may make treatments less likely to achieve global reductions in negative symptoms because individual domains function in isolation with little interaction. Sex differences in centralities suggest that the search for pathophysiological mechanisms and targeted treatment development should be focused on different sets of symptoms in males and females.
Proctoring: Big Benefit, Small Cost

Hospital librarians are well advised to provide new services to both their regular customers and to other hospital employees. One service that can easily be added is proctoring exams.Care providers...
A single-institution experience with the hyper-CVAD regimen in aggressive NHL.

e18510 Background: Hyper-CVAD (± rituximab) is a chemotherapy regimen designed as a treatment for aggressive hematological malignancies. It consists of 8 cycles. Cycle 1, 3, 5, 7 (3-4 weeks/cycle) ...
P122 The Effects of a Campus Dining Tour Intervention on First Year Students Perception of Healthfulness of Environment

Background Many young adults experience unwanted weight gain upon entering college. Making healthy choices in a food environment with a plethora of convenience and fast foods is important for preventing unwanted weight gain. Objective To determine if a Healthy Campus Dining Tour intervention improves perception, behavior, and priorities related to healthier choices on campus Study Design, Settings, Participants Participants were recruited for this quasi-experimental study from freshman introductory classes at a land-grant public university and assigned to intervention or a control group. Intervention participants completed a 50-minute Healthy Campus Dining Tour that educated on how to make healthier choices at each of the campus dining locations (vending, convenience, kiosk, and all-you-can-eat dining). Measureable Outcome/Analysis Both groups were assessed pre- and post-intervention for agreement with questions assessing perception of healthful food choices in the campus environment (12 questions), frequency of certain healthful dietary behaviors (12 questions) and importance of food choice priorities (24 questions). Outcomes were dichotomized as more or less positive responses and logistic regression was used to determine odds of responses between intervention and control. Results One hundred and twenty participants (n = 45 intervention, n = 75 control) that completed the surveys. Most participants were 18 years of age, female, white, freshmen status, and lived in a campus residence hall. Greater odds of perceiving healthier foods in restaurants [OR(CI), 2.9 (1.3-6.5)], dining halls [2.1, (0.9-4.7)], and vending [8.1 (3.4-18.7)] were seen in intervention group versus control group. Odds of increased frequency of healthful behaviors and increased importance of food choice priorities did not differ between groups. Conclusion Participation in the Healthy Campus Dining Tour intervention was associated with greater odds of agreeable perceptions regarding availability of healthy foods on campus. Additional programming and environmental changes may be necessary to change food behavior and priorities. Funding None.
System Signals Monitoring and Processing for Colluded Application Attacks Detection in Android OS

This paper investigates a novel colluded application attack's influence on the system's technological signals of an Android OS smartphone. This attack requires two or more applications to collaborate in order to bypass permission restriction mechanisms and leak private data. We implement this attack on a real stock Android OS smartphone and record such technological signals as overall memory consumption, CPU utilization, and CPU frequency. These recordings are studied in order to investigate the feasibility of their employment in building the attack classifiers. In developing those classifiers, we employed various machine learning techniques processing these technological signals. Such machine learning techniques as a feed-forward and long-short term memory neural networks were investigated and compared against each other. The results achieved are presented and analyzed.
Monoacylglycerol lipase reprograms lipid precursors signaling in liver disease

Dietary oversupply of triglycerides represent the hallmark of obesity and connected complications in the liver such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, which eventually progress to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Monoacylglycerol lipase is the last enzymatic step in the hydrolysis of triglycerides, generating glycerol and fatty acids (FAs), which are signaling precursors in physiology and disease. Notably, monoacylglycerol lipase (MGL) also hydrolyzes 2-arachidonoylglycerol, which is a potent ligand within the endocannabinoid system, into arachidonic acid - a precursor for prostaglandin synthesis; thus representing a pivotal substrates provider in multiple organs for several intersecting biological pathways ranging from FA metabolism to inflammation, pain and appetite. MGL inhibition has been shown protective in limiting several liver diseases as FAs may drive hepatocyte injury, fibrogenesis and de- activate immune cells, however the complexity of MGL network system still needs further and deeper understanding. The present review will focus on MGL function and FA partitioning in the horizons of liver disease.
Managing Bigeye Tuna in the Western and Central Pacific Ocean

The Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission (WCPFC) is responsible for managing highly migratory species in the Western and Central Pacific Ocean (WCPO), and has been interested in managing bigeye tuna as stock assessments prior to 2017 indicated that the stock was experiencing overfishing. This paper provides some background on the primary fisheries catching bigeye tuna in the WCPO, describes the various policies within the conservation and management measures adopted by the WCPFC, discusses the effectiveness of such policies, and concludes with some suggestions for future policies for consideration.
Knowledge-based parametric modeling for heritage interpretation and 3D reconstruction

Abstract The contribution of digital tools in heritage documenting has significantly increased and stimulated the development and implementation of many techniques and software. Indeed, Laser scanning and advances in imaging are democratizing access to data by improving the ability to share and interpret heritage information over the world. 3D reconstruction remains the approach that currently offers the best compromises, the best protection against loss and/or oblivion. While laser scanning proved its acquisition accuracy, it faces significant issues related to data processing. This paper presents a 3D reconstruction process based on prior knowledge whose digital interpretation may create new tools to structure the acquired data. The implementation of these tools within a parametric environment would support three-dimensional interactive representations with greater reliability and future reuse. Away from being solely a case study, the example explain our process meant to be generalizable, generating models from a minimum of data avoiding the case-by-case basis.
0111 An analysis of forklift related fatalities in the United States from 2001 to 2017

Statement of purpose The recent growth of online retailing has been reflected in similar growth in the transportation and warehousing industry. There is concern that online retailers are jeopardizing worker safety in order to speed up product delivery. The safety of workers around forklifts—ubiquitous in transportation and warehousing—is of particular concern. Most research on forklift related injuries used data prior to 2000. Examining more current data is warranted. Methods/Approach We examined trends in forklift related fatalities occurring in the U.S. from 2001- 2017 using data from the Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries. To identify the patterns of these types of fatalities by industry and specific cause, we are examining fatality reports from OSHA’s Integrated Management Information System. Results In total, 1788 forklift related fatalities occurred from 2001–2017. Fatalities increased from 123 in 2001, to a peak of 150 in 2005, before gradually declining to a low of 74 in 2017. The industries accounting for the largest proportion of forklift related fatalities were manufacturing (22.5%), construction (16.3%), transportation and warehousing (13.2%), and wholesale trade (12.1%). Conclusions Forklift related fatalities have decreased overall since 2005. However, dozens of unnecessary deaths still occur every year due to forklifts. Prevention efforts should be targeted at the four industries accounting for 64.1% of all forklift related fatalities. Significance While the number of fatalities from forklifts has decreased in recent years, these fatalities still happen all too frequently considering that most could be prevented. Understanding more about how these incidents happen will allow us to develop new interventions, which are especially needed in the four industries that account for almost two thirds of all forklift related fatalities. Our findings will create a blueprint for progress towards safer workplace practices in these industries.
Efficient Algorithmic Music Composition Using Neural Networks

Creating aesthetically pleasing music via algorithmic composition has continually been an ambitious goal of music research. Memory-based neural networks have shown to be particularly suited for this type of sequential learning. Music scores data is commonly used to represent different music features–such as durations and pitches–which when combined, make up the entirety of a music piece. As more music features are integrated into the music composition process, the space of labels required to represent possible feature combinations in a neural network grows significantly and rather quickly making the process computationally challenging, to say the least. This consideration bears special importance in situations with polyphonic pieces, where additional features such as harmonies and multiple voices are present. This research highlights the potential benefits of feature separation in music composition from music scores data. More specifically, we demonstrate the effectiveness of neural networks for automated music composition by learning music features separately; we start by creating separate simple models, one for each desired music feature, and then combine results from the simple models to compose new music. This is in contrast to the common practice of employing a single complex model trained over multiple features simultaneously. Case study evaluation results show significant time savings for our proposed approach with similar music “quality” compared to the complex model.
Inhibition of lung tumorigenesis by a small molecule CA170 targeting the immune checkpoint protein VISTA

Expressed on cells of the myeloid and lymphoid lineages, V-domain Ig Suppressor of T cell Activation (VISTA) is an emerging target for cancer immunotherapy. Blocking VISTA activates both innate and adaptive immunity to eradicate tumors in mice. Using a tripeptide small molecule antagonist of VISTA CA170, we found that it exhibited potent anticancer efficacy on carcinogen-induced mouse lung tumorigenesis. Remarkably, lung tumor development was almost completely suppressed when CA170 was combined with an MHCII-directed KRAS peptide vaccine. Flow cytometry and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) revealed that CA170 increased CD8+ T cell infiltration and enhanced their effector functions by decreasing the tumor infiltration of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and Regulatory T (Treg) cells, while the Kras vaccine primarily induced expansion of CD4+ effector T cells. VISTA antagonism by CA170 revealed strong efficacy against lung tumorigenesis with broad immunoregulatory functions that influence effector, memory and regulatory T cells, and drives an adaptive T cell tumor-specific immune response that enhances the efficacy of the KRAS vaccine.
Pivotal Roles for Ribonucleases in Streptococcus pneumoniae Pathogenesis.

RNases perform indispensable functions in regulating gene expression in many bacterial pathogens by processing and/or degrading RNAs. Despite the pivotal role of RNases in regulating bacterial virulence factors, the functions of RNases have not yet been studied in the major human respiratory pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus). Here, we sought to determine the impact of two conserved RNases, the endoribonuclease RNase Y and exoribonuclease polynucleotide phosphorylase (PNPase), on the physiology and virulence of S. pneumoniae serotype 2 strain D39. We report that RNase Y and PNPase are essential for pneumococcal pathogenesis, as both deletion mutants showed strong attenuation of virulence in murine models of invasive pneumonia. Genome-wide transcriptomic analysis revealed that the abundances of nearly 200 mRNA transcripts were significantly increased, whereas those of several pneumococcal small regulatory RNAs (sRNAs), including the Ccn ( C iaR- c ontrolled n oncoding RNA) sRNAs, were altered in the Δrny mutant relative to the wild-type strain. Additionally, lack of RNase Y resulted in pleiotropic phenotypes that included defects in pneumococcal cell morphology and growth in vitro. In contrast, Δpnp mutants showed no growth defect in vitro but differentially expressed a total of 40 transcripts, including the tryptophan biosynthesis operon genes and numerous 5' cis-acting regulatory RNAs, a majority of which were previously shown to impact pneumococcal disease progression in mice using the serotype 4 strain TIGR4. Together, our data suggest that RNase Y exerts a global impact on pneumococcal physiology, while PNPase mediates virulence phenotypes, likely through sRNA regulation. IMPORTANCE Streptococcus pneumoniae is a notorious human pathogen that adapts to conditions in distinct host tissues and responds to host cell interactions by adjusting gene expression. RNases are key players that modulate gene expression by mediating the turnover of regulatory and protein-coding transcripts. Here, we characterized two highly conserved RNases, RNase Y and PNPase, and evaluated their impact on the S. pneumoniae transcriptome for the first time. We show that PNPase influences the levels of a narrow set of mRNAs but a large number of regulatory RNAs primarily implicated in virulence control, whereas RNase Y has a more sweeping effect on gene expression, altering levels of transcripts involved in diverse cellular processes, including cell division, metabolism, stress response, and virulence. This study further reveals that RNase Y regulates expression of genes governing competence by mediating the turnover of C iaR- c ontrolled n oncoding (Ccn) sRNAs.
A Hidden Cost of Affirmative Action: Muddying Signals about Women’s Ability

Despite gains in female representation in early career stages, large gender gaps persist at the higher ends of the income distribution. This paper uses an experiment to study whether affirmative action, which has been used mainly in early career stages, could have a hidden cost. Specifically, by manipulating the presence of affirmative action in an initial competitive environment, I test whether the presence of affirmative action decreases the strength of the signal about a woman’s ability when she is successful and thus the likelihood of her being employed in an second stage. Consistent with the hypotheses from a simple theoretical framework of employee tournament entry and employer hiring decisions, I find that qualified women are significantly less likely to be hired when those qualifications were gained in the presence of affirmative action. Additionally, I find empirical support that this decrease in hiring comes through muddied employer beliefs about the ability of these previously successful women, explaining over 56% of the hiring difference. A welfare analysis shows that, while affirmative action has an overall positive effect for women in this experiment due to increasing the number of women who enter and are successful in the first competitive stage, the welfare improvement would be three times as large if there were not the cost in terms of muddying signals about women’s ability.
Prosody, Performance, and Cognitive Skill: Evidence from Individual Differences

If a pause occurs in the middle of a sentence, is it attributable to prosodic structure, planning problems, or both? And if both prosodic representation and performance constraints conspire to cause a speaker to divide a sentence into two units, can the durational effects that result be parsed into those two different sources? In this chapter, we argue that prosody and performance are theoretically and empirically distinct, and that durational effects may arise from two distinct sources: from the implementation of a grammatical representation, and from performance limitations. A range of empirical evidence is presented to support this distinction. Studies investigating the effects of working memory, inhibitory control, and lexical difficulty indicate that individuals with less cognitive capacity are more likely to produce sentence-internal breaks, and these are not conditioned by characteristics of a prosodic representation. This finding suggests that performance units are not necessarily prosodic units, and that an adequate theory of sentence production must incorporate mechanisms for implementing prosodic structure as well as strategies for managing processing load during speech.
Maximum Agreement Subtree (of 3 or More Trees)

The maximum agreement subtree problem for k trees (k-MAST) is a generalization of a similar problem for two trees (MAST). Consider a tuple of k rooted leaf-labeled trees (T1; T2 : : : Tk). Let A D fa1; a2; : : : ang be the set of leaf labels. Any subset B A uniquely determines the socalled topological restriction T jB of the three T to B . Namely, T jB is the topological subtree of T spanned by all leaves labeled with elements from B and the lowest common ancestors of all pairs of these leaves. In particular, the ancestor relation in T jB is defined so that it agrees with the ancestor relation in T . A subset B of A such T 1 jB; : : : ; T k jB are isomorphic is called an agreement set.
Correlating network services with operational mission impact

Correlating network events (device failures, network attacks, etc.) with mission or operational impact has traditionally been an ad hoc, manually intensive process. In this paper, we present a solution to the problem of correlating network events with the effect on the overall mission. Our approach is based on best practices identified in the information technology (IT) infrastructure library, which provides a framework for aligning IT services with the customer's operational requirements. Our solution, the mission service automation architecture (MSAA), correlates network traffic flows to operational capabilities using configuration management databases and independent software agents that encapsulate IT service management codes into network packet headers. Further, the MSAA automates and enhances the capability of network monitoring, access, and configuration mechanisms and provides increased levels of network security, awareness, performance, and control
Implementing Zeroconf in Linphone

This report describes the motivation behind implementing Zeroconf in a open source SIP phone(Linphone) [1] and the architecture of the solution implemented. It also describes the roadblocks encountered and how they were tackled in the implementation. It concludes with a few mentions about future enhancements that may be implemented on a later date.
Structure of dermatan sulfate. II. Characterization of products obtained by hyaluronidase digestion of dermatan sulfate.

Abstract The products obtained after digestion of dermatan sulfate with testicular hyaluronidase have been investigated. Stepwise precipitation with ethanol (18, 25, 40, and 50%) and gel filtration of the material soluble in 50% ethanol yielded a number of polysaccharide and oligosaccharide fractions, ranging in molecular weight from 500 (disaccharide) to 16,000. Analysis of a tetrasaccharide fraction which contained both d-glucuronic and l-iduronic acid demonstrated that it was a mixture of chondroitin 4-sulfate tetrasaccharide and a hybrid tetrasaccharide of the following structure: [see PDF for equation] An analogous, unsulfated tetrasaccharide was found in an acid hydrolysate of dermatan sulfate. Besides its oligosaccharide components, the hyaluronidase digest also contained glycopeptides, presumably derived from the carbohydrate-protein linkage region.
Hirsutism and menstrual patterns in women exposed to diethylstilbestrol in utero.

Abstract Hirsutism and menstrual patterns were evaluated in 32 female patients with documented diethylstilbestrol (DES) exposure in utero. Nine nonhirsute regularly menstruating and nine consecutive hirsute oligomenorrheic women with no known DES exposure served as controls. Hormone measurements included follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, prolactin, cortisol, testosterone, androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin, and estradiol. Hirsutism was present in 72% and irregular menses occurred in 50% of DES-exposed patients. The mean age of the DES-exposed group was 26.8 ± 0.7 years (means ± SEM). The mean age of mildly hirsute DES-exposed patients (24.7 ± 1.4 years) was significantly lower (p
Acoustic Variables Measurement

The sections in this article are 1 Measurable Attributes of Sound 2 Descriptive Parameters and Functions 3 Data Acquisition, Validation, and Analysis 4 Electromagnetic-Acoustical Analogies
The Scanning Thermal Ion Composition Spectrometer (STICS)

The scanning thermal ion composition spectrometer (STICS) has flown successfully on four sounding rocket flights, returning high-quality data on the composition and velocity distribution of ions in auroral topside ionospheric contexts. STICS consists of an electrostatic field-of-view deflector, an electrostatic energy analyzer, and a conventional magnetic sector mass analyzer with two channeltron detectors simultaneously monitoring two mass peaks. Ions are typically monitored with an energy resolution ΔE/E of 22% from 1 to 200 eV, and with angular resolution of 8° × 9° ranging over 90% of the full sky from a spinning payload. Ion m/q is analyzed with a resolution ΔM/M of 4% to 17% over a range of 1 to 40 m/q. STICS is controlled by a flexible sequencer circuit consisting of an electronically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM) that stores the sequence of states through which the digitally controlled power supplies are cycled. In each flight context, a delicate balance is struck between resolution and sampling of mass, two angles, energy, and time, in close coordination with the spin of the payload. STICS' principal limitation lies in the relatively long time required to fully sample the large number of parameters (11 pitch × 30 energy × 4 mass × 9 azimuth ≅ 12,000) in a typical velocity space sampling.
Central Nervous System Toxicity Associated With Meperidine Use in Hepatic Disease

Meperidine-associated central nervous system (CNS) excitatory toxicities are believed to be caused by accumulation of the active metabolite normeperidine. Normeperidine is eliminated by the kidneys and accumulates in patients with renal insufficiency, sickle cell disease, and cancer. In patients with cirrhosis, the metabolism of meperidine is decreased, leading to accumulation of the parent drug and possible CNS depressive effects similar to hepatic encephalopathy. Although the elimination of normeperidine is decreased as well in these patients, the ratio of normeperidine to meperidine is generally low, and the narcotic effects of meperidine usually predominate. This is the first reported case of CNS excitatory toxicities in a patient with alcoholic hepatitis and cirrhosis, and normal renal function. Administration of multiple doses of meperidine in patients with hepatic disease should be discouraged.
Studying the stochastic capturing of moving intruders by mobile sensors

Moving sensors can cover more area over a period of time than the same number of stationary sensors. However, the gains attained by a moving sensor (a single robot or radar) are not well understood. In this paper, we present a stochastic model analyzing the detection quality achieved by a single sensor moving along a certain track based on its velocity and mobility pattern. We also include a detection scenario using double robots together and study their detection quality. We consider the following type of intrusion events: intruders occur/arrive at random points at the edge of the field of interest and move directly to the center of the field of interest at a constant speed. In order to compare results, two detection scenarios are studied: the robot detection scenario and the radar detection scenario. In the robot detection scenario, the robot(s) is set to move periodically along a certain route at a constant speed. In the radar detection scenario, radar is rotated at a constant speed in a clockwise/counter-clockwise direction. An intrusion is said to be captured if it is sensed by the moving robot or radar before it arrives at the center of the field of interest. For both scenarios, we derive a general expression for intrusion loss probability and the expected time that it will take the robot(s) or radar to capture an intruder.
The role of protein kinases in ACTH-stimulated steroidogenesis.

Abstract The effect of highly purified bovine cytosolic adrenal cortical protein kinase isozyme II catalytic subunit (ATP: Protein Phosphotransferase EC 2.7.1.37) on the formation of pregnenolone from cholesterol in rat and bovine adrenal mitochondrial extracts has been investigated. No stimulation was observed although a low level incorporation of [ 32 P] from [ 32 P]-ATP into a component or components of the extract was detected. The mitochondrial extracts contained alkaline phosphatase activity that was inhibited by L-cysteine and dithiothreitol. It is concluded that the acute stimulation by ACTH of corticoid production in the rat adrenal does not involve protein kinase mediated phosphorylation of a component or components of the cholesterol sidechain cleavage mixed-function oxygenase system.
An atypical Escherichiacoli associated with cystic fibrosis of the pancreas

Summary The case of a patient with cystic fibrosis has been presented, in whom during the course of a quantitative bacteriologic analysis of the sputum a mucoid variant of E. coli appeared and persisted. Some cultural and biochemical characteristics of the organism have been presented.
Antecapere ergo sum: what price knowledge?

In the age of ubiquitous technology, humans are reshaped through each transaction they are involved in. AI-driven networks, online games, and multisensory interactive environments make up alternate realities. Within such alternate worlds, users are reshaped as deterministic agents. Technology’s focus on reducing complexity leads to a human being dependent on prediction-driven machines and behaving like them. Meaning and information are disconnected. Existence is reduced to energy processes. The immense gain in efficiency translates as prosperity. Citizens of advanced economies, hurrying in the rhythm of machine-driven interactions, feel entitled to it. Successful at the price of self-awareness, they no longer know what this means. Happiness and prosperity are not consubstantial. Lack of happiness leads to aggression. This is the image of the world as we see it, no longer looking at each other, eye to eye, but screen to screen. The questions eliminated in the process of transferring responsibility from the individual to machines will inevitably become society’s new focus. When the goal is to get everyone to behave like a machine, the Singularity hypothesis becomes self-fulfilling prophecy. If, in addition to having exhausted natural resources, society does not want to end up making the human mind superfluous, it has to seek a better understanding of what makes anticipation possible. As a definitory characteristic of the living, corresponding to its complexity, anticipation can no longer be taken for granted, while every effort is made to reduce complexity for efficiency’s sake. Awareness of the processes conducive to its expression in successful human action will position human beings as masters of their destiny, not slaves of their own making. Antecapere ergo sum might be the counterclaim to Descartes’ Dubito ergo sum. To resist being perfected into oblivion, that is, unsustainable prosperity, means to reclaim the knowledge corresponding to higher levels of complexity.
Heart rate changes in pain and hypnosis.

Heart rate was measured in four experiments using the cold pressor test, with the following results: (1) the heart rate rise between relaxation and stress levels was significant when the water was sufficiently cold (significant in 0°C and 5°C water, not 10°C); (2) the amount of heart rate rise in the normal waking state in 0°C water is unrelated to the hypnotizability of the subject; (3) there is a significant difference in heart rate following a hypnotic induction with suggestions of analgesia, although the reduction in heart rate rise is unrelated to the amount of reduction in felt pain; (4) heart rate rise during hallucinated pain in highly hypnotizable subjects is not significantly different from the rise recorded during normal waking or hypnotically analgesic conditions. These moderately confusing results take on some semblance of order if it is assumed (1) that the control of voluntary processes through hypnotic analgesia (agitation, grimacing) accounts for some reduction in heart response even though uncorrelated with reduced pain, (2) that the homeostatic and sensory-information aspects of the cold water pain are probably little reduced, even though subjectively the pain may be absent altogether, and (3) the motivational-emotional aspects of pain are more labile than the sensory-discriminative aspects, in accordance with the Melzack-Wall Gate Theory.
The effect of secretin on canine gastric mucosal HCO3− production

Recent studies suggest that HCO3− production by surface epithelium may protect gastric mucosa against H+ back diffusion. Agents shown to increase gastric HCO3− include prostaglandins, carbachol, dibutyryl c-GMP, ethanol, Ca2+, and cimetidine. This study was initiated to evaluate the effect of secretin on gastric mucosal HCO3− production. Six dogs with Heidenhain pouches were fasted 24 hr. Each study consisted of nine 15-min periods: three control periods of iv saline infusion; three test periods which followed an iv bolus of 0.15 clin units/kg secretin; and three test periods which followed an iv bolus of 0.30 clin units/kg secretin. The intragastric test solution consisted of 100 mM NaCl, 20 mM mannitol, and 50 mM EPPS buffer; pH was adjusted to 8.0–8.2 using 19 M NaOH. Fifty milliliters test solution was instilled in the pouch and a zero-time sample was taken; after 15 min a final sample was taken, the pouch was rinsed, and the next period begun. HCO3−, Na+, K+, and Cl− concentrations were measured as well as transmucosal electrical potential difference (PD) changes and changes in volume, pH, and osmolality. [14C]PEG was utilized to measure residual volume. In the first 15-min period following each secretin bolus, significant (P < 0.05) increases in intraluminal gastric HCO3− occurred. However, doubling the secretin dose did not significantly increase the measured HCO3− when compared to the lower dose. Also undetectable were changes in ionic fluxes accompanying the increases in intraluminal HCO3− which might have suggested a mechanism of the HCO3− production. In addition to its previously described properties of acid inhibition and gastric mucus stimulation, this study demonstrates that secretin also induces production of gastric HCO3−. The clinical significance of these modest increases remains to be determined but they may contribute to gastric mucosal barrier defense.
Food donation: a mixture of motives

Abstract Why do we give away food? Sometimes it is out of pure compassion, the undiluted desire to help needy people. Sometimes it is out of enlightened self-interest, awareness that we may help others as we help ourselves. But sometimes the wish to help people comes from the caretaker complex, the belief that people are unable to take care of themselves, which can be true. But the caretaker complex can lead to co-dependency and a bond that neither giver nor receiver can break. These three motives are mingled and hard to sort out. There is not enough compassion to meet the need; enlightened self-interest can and does help. The caretaker complex can subvert the effort. Overcoming hunger requires both prudence and compassion. Either is scarce; to find the two in combination is rare indeed.
Disparate Juvenile Court Outcomes for Disabled Delinquent Youth: A Social Work Call to Action

Current service delivery for at-risk youth is through four separate systems: special education; mental health and substance abuse; juvenile justice; and child welfare. Many youth (and their families) are involved with more than one of these systems, making early disability identification and subsequent systems coordination paramount in leading to more successful juvenile court outcomes. This coordination is an important and prioritized public policy concern because a majority of youth (disproportionately minority) within juvenile justice populations has been identified with mental health disorders, special education disabilities, or maltreatment histories. This study of a unique sample of probation-supervised delinquent youths (n = 397) identifies these disabilities and their corresponding court supervision, detention, and incarceration outcomes for a 48-month period in Cuyahoga County, Ohio (greater Cleveland). Within this youth sample over 32% had a special education disability, over 39% had a mental health disorder, over 32% had a substance abuse disorder, and over 56% were victims of maltreatment. Even higher disability rates were found for those youth who were subsequently detained or incarcerated. Many of these youth had multiple disabilities (and subsequently poorer juvenile court outcomes) and were concurrently involved in more than one disability service system. Policy and client services implications are reviewed and discussed.
Initial behavior of solutions to the lorenz equations

Abstract The early behavior of the solutions to the Lorenz equations is examined for initial conditions far from equilibrium and for large values of the parameter r . The equations are first transformed so that the equilibrium points become independent of r . The initial trajectory of the solution in phase space is seen to be quite different from and essentially independent of the long time behavior. It can be divided into two stages. For short times an approximate non-linear conservative set of equations with exact integrals is obtained which gives an accurate frequency representation of the exact solution. Damping can also be added to this system. For intermediate times, the equations can be approximated by a Bessel equation of high order. The present work is motivated by the one-dimensional modeling of a toroidal natural circulation thermosyphon loop and a physical interpretation of the results in this context is also discussed.
Wind tunnel productivity status and improvement activities at NASA Langley Research Center

Over the last three years, a major effort has been underway to re-engineering the way wind tunnel testing is accomplished at the NASA Langley Research Center. This effort began with the reorganization of the LaRC and the consolidation of the management of the wind tunnels in the Aerodynamics Division under one operations branch. This paper provides an overview of the re-engineering activities and gives the status of the improvements in the wind tunnel productivity and customer satisfaction that have resulted from the new ways of working.
Thermische Umwandlung von 1,5,9‐Triinen in Arene — [2 + 2 + 2]‐Cycloaddition oder sigmatrope Umlagerung?

Das vollstandige Manuskript dieser Zuschrift erscheint in: Angew. Chem. Suppl. 1982, 1545. DOI: 10.1002/ange.198215450
A Decade of Progress in Earth's Internal Properties and Processes

A major component of the Inter-Union Commission on Geodynamics Project, labeled "Internal Properties and Processes," included certain experimental and theoretical research in tectonophysics, seismology, geochemistry, petrology, volcanology, and planetology. This review focuses on a few research areas in which there have been surprises and reversals. In particular, attention is given to the attempts to quantify the thermal profile in the earth's interior and the material properties of the earth's interior.
Restoration of grasp following paralysis through brain-controlled stimulation of muscles

Patients with spinal cord injury lack the connections between brain and spinal cord circuits that are essential for voluntary movement. Clinical systems that achieve muscle contraction through functional electrical stimulation (FES) have proven to be effective in allowing patients with tetraplegia to regain control of hand movements and to achieve a greater measure of independence in daily activities. In existing clinical systems, the patient uses residual proximal limb movements to trigger pre-programmed stimulation that causes the paralysed muscles to contract, allowing use of one or two basic grasps. Instead, we have developed an FES system in primates that is controlled by recordings made from microelectrodes permanently implanted in the brain. We simulated some of the effects of the paralysis caused by C5 or C6 spinal cord injury by injecting rhesus monkeys with a local anaesthetic to block the median and ulnar nerves at the elbow. Then, using recordings from approximately 100 neurons in the motor cortex, we predicted the intended activity of several of the paralysed muscles, and used these predictions to control the intensity of stimulation of the same muscles. This process essentially bypassed the spinal cord, restoring to the monkeys voluntary control of their paralysed muscles. This achievement is a major advance towards similar restoration of hand function in human patients through brain-controlled FES. We anticipate that in human patients, this neuroprosthesis would allow much more flexible and dexterous use of the hand than is possible with existing FES systems.
A Simple Performance Approximation of General-Order Rectangular QAM With MRC in Nakagami- $m$ Fading Channels

The sampling property of the delta impulse function is applied to various Q-function approximations to obtain the probability of error in Nakagami- m fading channels. It is shown that the sampling bit error probability (BEP) exhibits reliable behavior, regardless of the Q-function approximation form. The result is extended to general-order rectangular quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) with maximal-ratio combining (MRC) to quantify the average symbol error probability (SEP). The proposed approximation presents the SEP in a simple closed form and eliminates the hypergeometric function in the solution. The proposed sampling SEP is accurate and applicable for an arbitrary real-valued fading parameter.
Participation of Asian-American Women in Cancer Chemoprevention Research: Physician Perspectives

To the authors' knowledge, little is known regarding the participation of Asian Americans in cancer prevention research. In 2002, the authors mailed surveys to primary care physicians in Northern California to assess their knowledge, attitudes, behaviors, and barriers concerning the participation of Asian-American women in breast cancer chemoprevention research. The response rate was 52.3% (n=306 physicians). For physician barriers, most respondents selected lack of study knowledge (73%) and effort required to establish eligibility (75%) and to explain risks and benefits (68%). For patient barriers, most physicians chose the following: physicians did not inform patients about trials (76%), limited English proficiency (78%), researcher-participant language discordance (74%), and complex protocols (69%). Significantly more Asian-American physicians than non-Asian-American physicians (but a majority of each) selected as patient barriers a lack of culturally relevant information on breast cancer, a lack of knowledge about research concepts, and fear of experimentation. A majority of Asian-American physicians also selected the following patient barriers: lack of knowledge of preventive care or breast cancer, work concern, misperception that experimental treatment is inferior, personal modesty, and lack of personal benefit. In multivariate analyses, physicians who were in practice longer, who spent more time with patients, or who knew of tools to estimate breast cancer risk were more likely to discuss such trials with Asian-American women; whereas male physicians and those who believed that Asian-American women's deference to physicians was a barrier were less likely to have discussed such trials with Asian-American women. Efforts to increase research participation among Asian Americans should include physician education and linguistically appropriate recruitment efforts.
Management of fractures of the distal radius: surgeon's perspective.

Abstract The new millennium represents a time for expanding our present knowledge of the treatment of distal radius fractures, based on the foundation of information that has been gathered over the past century. Treatment-oriented classifications have replaced the prior generalization applied to all “Colles fractures” and have directed preoperative planning. Newer external fixation frames, improved surgical technique, and superior instrumentation allow for safer reproducible ligamentotaxis. These current concepts of treatment along with a comprehensive therapy plan have provided the basis for enhanced recovery from these challenging injuries.
In the company of killers

Abstract Recent discoveries and advances in cell death research were presented at this year's Keystone Symposium on ‘Molecular Mechanisms of Apoptosis', held at Keystone, CO, USA, from 16 to 22 January 2001.
Determination of surgeon-generated gown pressures during various surgical procedures in the operating room.

Abstract Background: Patients' blood or other potentially infectious body fluids frequently pass through surgeons' gowns in the operating room. These fluids are absorbed by the scrub suit and can directly contaminate the surgeons' skin. Protective barriers remain an important method of exposure control for many blood-borne pathogens. The efficacy of surgical gowns in preventing this passage or strikethrough has therefore become the focus of much attention. Limited data are available concerning the magnitude and duration of pressure against surgeons' gowns. Methods: A 32-sensor mat placed in the abdominal area was used to obtain pressure data for 15 surgeons of both sexes performing 20 procedures. Results: The percentage of time any pressure was detected varied from 0% during knee reconstruction to 97.4% for excision of a stomach mass. In 16 procedures, more than 87.8% of pressure contacts were 2 N/cm 2 (2.9 psi or less); in addition, more than 80% of the contacts were 15 seconds or less during 13 of the procedures. No correlation was found between the amount of pressure and sex of the surgeon, surgical service, or length of the procedure. Conclusions: Because pressure is related to the type of procedure, gowns should be chosen to afford protection against fluid strikethrough for the pressures and blood loss anticipated.
To Image or to Autopsy

In this issue, Wichmann and coworkers compared findings of virtual and traditional autopsies in patients who died in an intensive care unit. The editorialists believe that further study is warrante...
Mammary Transfer of Hormones and Constituents into Secretions when Cows Were Milked or Secretions Were Sampled Prepartum

Abstract Mammary secretions were sampled prepartum by either milking one quarter (four cows) or four quarters (seven cows) twice daily, sampling (15 ml) from one quarter once daily (six cows) or no sampling (five cows). Cows were milked twice daily postpartum. Blood was collected once daily by puncture of the tail vein or artery from 6.9 ± .8 days before calving to 2.5 or 3 days of lactation. Our purpose was to compare hormones in blood plasma, secretions prepartum, and colostrum postpartum. Concentrations of prolactin in secretions and colostrum exceeded those in plasma 2 to 7-fold dependent upon prepartum milking treatment, but groups were not different by 2.5 days of lactation. Concentrations of progesterone in secretions and colostrum averaged 1.4 and 2.6-fold higher than in plasma across groups. Compared with blood plasma prepartum, concentrations in secretions averaged lower for estrone (2705 ± 223 versus 1528 ± 114pg/ml), estradiol-17alpha (1173 ± 83 versus 611 ± 56 pg/ml) and total estrogen (4191 ± 289 versus 2586 ± 148 pg/ml) and higher for estradiol-17beta (313 ± 23 versus 447 ± 32 pg/ml). Concentrations of hormones in plasma were correlated with their concentrations in secretions. Prolactin was not correlated with the steroids in blood plasma prior to calving.