cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Practice effects and longitudinal cognitive change in clinically normal older adults differ by Alzheimer imaging biomarker status

AbstractObjective: The objective of this study was to examine practice effects and longitudinal cognitive change in 190 clinically normal elderly classified according to a two-feature biomarker model for Alzheimer’s disease.Methods: All participants completed neuropsychological testing, MRI, FDG-PET, and PiB-PET at their baseline evaluation. We divided participants into four groups based on neuroimaging measures of amyloid (A+ or A−) and neurodegeneration (N+ or N−) and reexamined cognition at 15- and 30-month intervals.Results: The A−N− group showed significant improvements in the memory and global scores. The A+N− group also showed significant improvements in the memory and global scores as well as attention. The A−N+ group showed a significant decline in attention at 30 months. The A+N+ group showed significant improvements in memory and the global score at 15 months followed by a significant decline in the global score at 30 months.Conclusion: Amyloidosis in the absence of neurodegeneration did not ha...
An adaptive modeling framework for simulating power system dynamics

Power system operation has changed significantly in the last several decades. Factors such as renewable energy integration and deregulation are major contributors to this change. In response, robust simulation techniques must be developed to ensure stable and reliable operation. A simulation environment that encompasses system dynamics of multiple time frames, called an Adaptive Modeling Framework, is introduced. The simulation framework is capable of modeling multiple dynamic characteristics including slow dynamics, such as transient stability, as well as long term dynamics such as frequency regulation or voltage stability.
Automated geographic registration and radiometric correction for UAV-based mosaics

Texas A and M University has been operating a large-scale, UAV-based, agricultural remote-sensing research project since 2015. To use UAV-based images in agricultural production, many high-resolution images must be mosaicked together to create an image of an agricultural field. Two key difficulties to science-based utilization of such mosaics are geographic registration and radiometric calibration. In our current research project, image files are taken to the computer laboratory after the flight, and semi-manual pre-processing is implemented on the raw image data, including ortho-mosaicking and radiometric calibration. Ground control points (GCPs) are critical for high-quality geographic registration of images during mosaicking. Applications requiring accurate reflectance data also require radiometric-calibration references so that reflectance values of image objects can be calculated. We have developed a method for automated geographic registration and radiometric correction with targets that are installed semi-permanently at distributed locations around fields. The targets are a combination of black (≈5% reflectance), dark gray (≈20% reflectance), and light gray (≈40% reflectance) sections that provide for a transformation of pixel-value to reflectance in the dynamic range of crop fields. The exact spectral reflectance of each target is known, having been measured with a spectrophotometer. At the time of installation, each target is measured for position with a real-time kinematic GPS receiver to give its precise latitude and longitude. Automated location of the reference targets in the images is required for precise, automated, geographic registration; and automated calculation of the digital-number to reflectance transformation is required for automated radiometric calibration. To validate the system for radiometric calibration, a calibrated UAV-based image mosaic of a field was compared to a calibrated single image from a manned aircraft. Reflectance values in selected zones of each image were strongly linearly related, and the average error of UAV-mosaic reflectances was 3.4% in the red band, 1.9% in the green band, and 1.5% in the blue band. Based on these results, the proposed physical system and automated software for calibrating UAV mosaics show excellent promise.
Valuing health for oneself versus one’s child or elderly parent:

The aim of this study was to determine if adults value health states or are willing to accept risk differently for themselves than for their children or elderly parents. Participants (701) were asked to rate four hypothetical health states for themselves using both the standard gamble and time trade-off methodologies. They then did the same assessments for a real or hypothetical child as well as an elderly parent. Participants were willing to take more risk or trade more years of life to avoid bilateral vision loss and mental impairment for themselves than they were for their children and elderly parents.
BRD4 inhibition for the treatment of pathological organ fibrosis.

Fibrosis is defined as excess deposition of extracellular matrix, resulting in tissue scarring and organ dysfunction. It is estimated that 45% of deaths in the developed world are due to fibrosis-induced organ failure. Despite the well-accepted role of fibrosis in the pathogenesis of numerous diseases, there are only two US Food and Drug Administration–approved anti-fibrotic therapies, both of which are currently restricted to the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis. Thus, organ fibrosis represents a massive unmet medical need. Here, we review recent findings suggesting that an epigenetic regulatory protein, BRD4, is a nodal effector of organ fibrosis, and we highlight the potential of small-molecule BRD4 inhibitors for the treatment of diverse fibrotic diseases.
Strong Women Never Mumble: Female Athlete Attitudes About Sexual Consent:

Research demonstrating the effect of sports' hypermasculine culture on athlete attitudes about sexual consent primarily focuses on men. Female athletes routinely engage with the same culture but their beliefs about sexual communication are rarely examined. This study examines the unique ways that athletic norms of hegemonic masculinity intersect with embodied lived experiences to influence female athletes' perceptions of consent communication. Data were gathered from surveys and focus group interviews at a midsized university in the Northeast. The findings indicate that athletic women place emphasis on confidently saying "no" in ambiguous sexual situations. Data also show that female athletes' attitudes about sexual consent differ from their nonathletic peers even though both groups experience many of the same sexual pressures. The research demonstrates how athletic women's gendered practices are constituted by their status as women and as athletes and suggests that future training programs should aim to incorporate perspectives of women athletes.
Phenotypes of COPD

Significant heterogeneity exists in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients with respect to clinical presentation, physiology, imaging characteristics, response to therapy, disease progression, and ultimately survival [1]. While FEV1 correlates to many outcomes of interest, no single measure adequately reflects this disease complexity. The goal of phenotyping is to identify patient subgroups with unique characteristics with the ultimate goal of altering clinically meaningful outcomes through targeted therapeutic approaches. While various definitions have been described, a consensus definition that was recently proposed defines a phenotype as, “a single or combination of disease attributes that describe differences between individuals with COPD as they relate to clinically meaningful outcomes (symptoms, exacerbations, response to therapy, rate of disease progression or death)” [1]. In many cases, the discovery and validation of phenotypes occurs through a multi-step process (Fig. 10.1) where for instance a unique group of patients may initially be identified through a biological or molecular signature and validated by demonstrating a similar response to therapy [2].
Studies on mechanisms for robust social influence

An important goal in engineering design is to ensure that infrastructure systems are utilized efficiently by the public. One example is a transportation network which exhibits congestion effects due to self-interested routing choices by drivers. We study the use of road tolls to positively influence routing choices, focusing on deriving pricing mechanisms which are robust to mischaracterizations of network topology and driver price-sensitivity. We show that robust taxation is possible, but only if road taxes are allowed to vary with traffic loads.
Conceptualizing treatment of uncomplicated type B dissection using the IDEAL framework.

Abstract Objective The objective of this study was to introduce a new framework, called IDEAL (idea, development, exploration, assessment, and long-term study), to guide physicians, investigators, and regulatory agencies through the life cycle of device development and procedural refinement. Methods This review describes the IDEAL framework and illustrates its application for treatment of uncomplicated type B dissection (uTBD) as an example of this process. Results Components of IDEAL are summarized and applied to devices used to treat uTBD. Treatment of uTBD is currently in the exploration phase, with concurrent assessment and long-term study being facilitated by detailed registries. Conclusions The application of IDEAL to the development and monitoring of technologies standardizes the nomenclature, facilitates evidence-based practice, and enhances the innovation process.
Cardiac Abnormalities in Patients With Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome.

Importance Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is an ultrarare disorder associated with premature death due to cardiovascular events during the second decade of life. However, because of its rarity (107 identified living patients), the natural history of cardiac disease remains uncharacterized. Therefore, meaningful cardiac end points for clinical trials have been difficult to establish. Objective To examine the course of appearance of cardiac abnormalities in patients with HGPS to identify meaningful cardiac end points for use in future clinical trials. Design, Setting, and Participants In this prospective, cross-sectional, observational study, 27 consecutive patients with clinically and genetically confirmed classic HGPS were evaluated at a single center for 1 visit from July 1, 2014, through February 29, 2016, before initiation of treatment. Exposure Classic HGPS. Main Outcomes and Measures Echocardiography was used to assess ventricular and valve function using standard techniques. Diastolic left ventricular (LV) function was assessed using tissue Doppler imaging. Previously published normative data were used to adjust findings to age and body size. Results This study included 27 patients (median age, 5.6 years; age range, 2-17 years; 15 [56%] male). Among echocardiographic indicators, LV diastolic dysfunction, defined as a tissue Doppler septal or lateral early velocity z score less than −2, was the most prevalent abnormality, seen in 16 patients (59%). Diastolic dysfunction was seen in all age groups, and its prevalence increased with age, mirroring findings seen during normal aging. Indicators of LV diastolic function were more abnormal in older patients. The z scores for lateral and septal early velocities were lower ( r = −0.77, P r = −0.66, P r = 0.80, P r = 0.72, P Conclusions and Relevance In this largest-to-date cohort of patients with HGPS, LV diastolic dysfunction was the most prevalent echocardiographic abnormality and its prevalence increased with aging. Echocardiographic indicators of LV diastolic function may be useful end points in future clinical trials in this patient population.
Diagnosis of Nonlinear Stochastic Dynamics of Active Slider in Nanometer Spacing

The hard disk drive (HDD) industry continues to meet the ever-growing demand for storage capacity by increasing both the number of tracks on the disk surface and the number of bits recorded per track. Characterizing the complex dynamics and sensing of the position error signal (PES) play very important roles to enhance the precision and accuracy achieved by the track-following servo mechanism. In the processing of PES signal with noisy data, diagnosis of signal and noise types is critical for filter design. Conventional filtering techniques such as the well-known median filter and mean filter cannot be expected to achieve satisfactory performance due to either the lack of the information of noise types or the presence of mixed noise in PES signal. This paper characterizes the complex nonlinear stochastic dynamics and develops a data mining approach for the noise type diagnosis and proposes a fuzzy filter design for enhancing the quality of PES signal. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed fuzzy median-mean filter outperforms existing filters, particularly for dealing with the PES signal corrupted by Gaussian noise plus impulsive noise.
Students Lead the Library: The Importance of Student Contributions to the Academic Library. Sara Arnold-Garza and Carissa Tomlinson, eds. Chicago: Association of College & Research Libraries, 2017. 322p. $62.00 (ISBN 978-0-8389-8867-1). LC 2016-055675.

When trying to inspire students to engage with the library, a book titled Students Lead the Library turns out to be an excellent way to get their attention. Displaying this title while promoting a student advisory board last fall had the surprising effect of immediately drawing students in, as they expressed their pleasant surprise at learning that they could offer significant contributions to their college or university library. For academic librarians, of course, this is less of a surprise, since, as the editors state in the very first sentence of the book: “[Academic librarians] are driven by the belief that student scholars are at the heart of the academic library.” Yet even the most student-focused librarians may find themselves astonished by the diverse selection of student leadership roles represented in this collection of case studies.
Efficacy of stimulus intensity increases and decreases as inhibitors of the acoustic startle response.

The human startle eyeblink response can be inhibited by a change in the stimulus environment briefly before the startling stimulus; both stimulus presentation (prepulse) and cessation of background sound (gap) can result in startle inhibition. More intense prepulses often result in greater inhibition, and this study (N = 53 college students) examined whether graded decreases in sound energy relative to a steady background noise (a "partial gap") would follow this same pattern of inhibition. Embedded in a 65 dB steady background noise were 100 dB white noise startle stimuli preceded at 120 ms on some trials by stimulus intensity increases or decreases of 5, 10, or 15 dB relative to background. Results showed that startle inhibition was graded by amount of change relative to background, such that greater increases or decreases resulted in greater inhibition. Also, increases were more effective startle inhibitors than decreases at equivalent levels of change from background. These results demonstrate that the neural centers responsible for startle inhibition are responsive to both increases and decreases in stimulus intensity, and are sensitive to amount of change, not simply whether a change occurs. These findings may have implications for the development of a screening method for a hearing disorder called tinnitus.
Towards a 2D printer: a deterministic cross contamination-free transfer method for atomically layered materials (Conference Presentation)

Precision and chip contamination-free placement of two-dimensional (2D) materials is expected to accelerate both the study of fundamental properties and novel device functionality. Current transfer methods of 2D materials onto an arbitrary substrate deploy wet chemistry and viscoelastic stamping. However, these methods produce a) significant cross contamination of the substrate due to the lack of spatial selectivity b) may not be compatible with chemically sensitive device structures, and c) are challenged with respect to spatial alignment. Here, we demonstrate a novel method of transferring 2D materials resembling the functionality known from printing; utilizing a combination of a sharp micro-stamper and viscoelastic polymer, we show precise placement of individual 2D materials resulting in vanishing cross contamination to the substrate. Our 2D printer-method results in an aerial cross contamination improvement of two to three orders of magnitude relative to state-of-the-art dry and direct transfer methods. Moreover, we find that the 2D material quality is preserved in this transfer method. Testing this 2D material printer on taped-out integrated Silicon photonic chips, we find that the micro-stamper stamping transfer does not physically harm the underneath Silicon nanophotonic structures such as waveguides or micro-ring resonators receiving the 2D material. Such accurate and substrate-benign transfer method for 2D materials could be industrialized for rapid device prototyping due to its high time-reduction, accuracy, and contamination-free process.
Axonal Transport Of An Insulin-Like Peptide Mrna Promotes Stress Recovery In C. Elegans

ABSTRACT Aberrations in insulin or insulin-like peptide (ILP) signaling in the brain causes many neurological diseases. Here we report that mRNAs of specific ILPs are surprisingly mobilized to the axons of C. elegans during stress. Transport of the ILP ins-6 mRNA to axons facilitates recovery from stress, whereas loss of axonal mRNA delays recovery. In addition, the axonal traffic of ins-6 mRNA is regulated by at least two opposing signals: one that depends on the insulin receptor DAF-2 and a kinesin-2 motor; and a second signal that is independent of DAF-2, but involves a kinesin-3 motor. While Golgi bodies that package nascent peptides, like ILPs, have not been previously found in C. elegans axons, we show that axons of stressed C. elegans have increased Golgi ready to package peptides for secretion. Thus, our findings present a mechanism that facilitates an animal’s rapid recovery from stress through axonal ILP mRNA mobilization.
International corruption and its impacts across entrepreneurship types

Using a large cross‐country sample, this paper examines the impact of corruption on entrepreneurial activities by uniquely addressing two questions: (a) Does the impact of corruption on entrepreneurship vary across entrepreneurship type? (b) How does the effect of corruption differ across nations with varying prevalence of entrepreneurship? Considering three dimensions of entrepreneurship, nascent entrepreneurship, new business owners, and established new business owners, results, accounting for possible two‐way causality, show that entrepreneurship is negatively affected by corruption across entrepreneurship types, with differences in the relative magnitudes of effects. This sanding effect of corruption, however, varies across the prevalence of corruption and switches to greasing for nascent entrepreneurs.
Microscale, scanning defocusing volumetric particle-tracking velocimetry

We present a novel defocusing particle tracking velocimetry (PTV) method for micro-fluidic systems. This method delivers 3-dimensional 3-component (3D3C) flow measurements, and does not require an additional calibration procedure to obtain the relationship between particle out-of-plane position and its diameter/intensity. A micro-fluidic device is mounted on a nano-positioning piezo stage that sweeps periodically in the out-of-plane direction. A high-speed camera is synchronized with the stage to capture oversampled two-dimensional microscopy images at different out-of-plane positions. 3D intensity volume is formed by stacking those 2D images. Flow tracers are identified from the intensity volume by a 3D Hessian filter, and segmented by erosion–dilation dynamic thresholding. Fitting of each identified-particle to a defocusing intensity model gives the parameters used in the hybrid algorithm of particle image velocimetry and a generalized multi-parametric PTV. Artificial image data, generated from direct numerical simulations of flow through porous media, are used for error analysis. When compared with classic nearest neighbor tracking our method shows improvements on tracking reliability by 2.5–12%, with seeding density as high as 1.6e−3 particles per voxel. Both mean and rms errors are improved by 80–95% and 49–74%, respectively. An application to micro-fluidic devices is presented by measuring the steady-state flow through a refractive-index-matched randomly-packed glass bead channel. The presented method will serve as a powerful tool for probing flow physics in micro-fluidics with complex geometries.
Evaluation of early response to SU101 target-based therapy in patients with recurrent supratentorial malignant gliomas using FDG PET and Gd-DTPA MRI.

Changes in [18F]-2-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose (FDG) uptake and gadopentetate dimeglumine (Gd-DTPA) enhancement before and after the first course of treatment with a cytostatic agent SU101 (N-[(4-trifluoromethyl)-phenyl]-5-methylisoxazole-4-carboxamide, SUGEN) were assessed using positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in a pilot study of 8 patients with recurrent supratentorial malignant gliomas. The localization and the volume of Gd-DTPA enhancement and FDG hypermetabolism were analyzed. PET and MRI studies were performed one week before and 7.6±3.7 weeks after administration of SU101. The ratios of mean tumor nobreak activity to mean contralateral white matter and ipsilateral cerebellar activity were calculated for tumor regions, and SUV values corrected to the subjects' body surface area and glucose level (SUVbsa*glu) were calculated for non-tumor regions. Five patients had a substantial increase of tumor volume on both PET and MRI during the first course of SU101. PET and MRI showed roughly equivalent volume changes. Large tumor volume increases were associated with a short time to clinical progression. The metabolic change in the tumor following the first course of SU101 varied from patient to patient, ranging from a 31% reduction to a 43% increase in FDG uptake ratio. Changes in FDG uptake were not predictive of time to progression or survival. In 2 patients with marked clinical deterioration and rapid tumor growth, there were differences in localization of Gd-DTPA enhancement and FDG hypermetabolism suggesting that hypermetabolism beyond the area of contrast enhancement may be of value in predicting rapid progression of high-grade glioma. SU101 did not induce any appreciable changes in SUVbsa*glu for non-tumor brain in 6 of 8 patients.
A Multivariate Fit Luminosity Function and World Model for Long GRBs

It is proposed that the luminosity function, the rest-frame spectral correlations and distributions of cosmological Long-duration (Type-II) Gamma-Ray Bursts (LGRBs) may be very well described as multivariate log-normal distribution. This result is based on careful selection, analysis and modeling of LGRBs' temporal and spectral variables in the largest catalog of Gamma-Ray Bursts available to date: 2130 BATSE GRBs, while taking into account the detection threshold and possible selection effects. Constraints on the joint rest-frame distribution of the isotropic peak luminosity (Liso), total isotropic emission (Eiso), the time-integrated spectral peak energy (Epkz) and duration (T90z) of LGRBs are derived. The presented analysis provides evidence for a relatively large fraction of LGRBs that have been missed by BATSE detector with Eiso extending down to ~ 10^49 [erg] and observed spectral peak energies (Epk) as low as ~ 5 [keV]. LGRBs with rest-frame duration T90z < 1 [s] or observer-frame duration T90 < 2 [s] appear to be rare events (<0.1% chance of occurrence). The model predicts a fairly strong but highly significant correlation (rho=0.58 \pm 0.04) between Eiso & Epkz of LGRBs. Also predicted are strong correlations of Liso & Eiso with T90z and moderate correlation between Liso & Epkz. The strength and significance of the correlations found, encourage the search for underlying mechanisms, though undermine their capabilities as probes of Dark Energy's equation of state at high redshifts. The presented analysis favors -- but does not necessitate -- a cosmic rate for BATSE LGRBs tracing metallicity evolution consistent with a cutoff ~ 0.2-0.5, assuming no luminosity-redshift evolution.
Correction to: The LsVe1L allele provides a molecular marker for resistance to Verticillium dahliae race 1 in lettuce

Following publication of the original article [1], the author reported a processing error in Figure 5. This has been corrected in the original article.
Using provenance analysis in an Anthropocene natural laboratory

Abstract Globally, anthropogenic perturbations to sediment dispersal systems produce detrital signals that are evident in the recent sedimentary record. We review the study of anthropogenic perturbations to sediment dispersal systems from the perspective of detrital signals and discuss the use of provenance analysis in Anthropocene sedimentology. Anthropocene provenance analysis is illustrated by a case study from the Monterey Bay Sediment Dispersal System (MBDS) of coastal and offshore central California, U.S.A. The MBDS records two phases of alterations to sediment flux, an early increase in fine flux recognized in increased sedimentation rates and a later decrease in coarse flux recognized in detrital provenance signatures. Results from the MBDS suggest that a multi-methodological approaches employing provenance analysis, and detailed, short-timescale (102–104 yr) depositional chronology markers combined with the study of other Anthropocene indicators like the introduction of non-natural detritus are valuable tools for describing natural sedimentary processes in addition to human alterations to natural systems. The recognition and description of such perturbations to sediment supply is increasingly recognized as an important variable in understanding the effects of human-driven landscape alteration, particularly in the face of a changing climate. The broad concepts and approach outlined in this study provide tools that can extend environmental observations past the period of historical record and can be used to understand past, and predict future, impacts of altered sediment flux in response to drivers like climate change and sea level rise.
Characterization of the 2-methylvinoxy radical + O2 reaction: A focal point analysis and composite multireference study

Vinoxy radicals are involved in numerous atmospheric and combustion mechanisms. High-level theoretical methods have recently shed new light on the reaction of the unsubstituted vinoxy radical with O2. The reactions of 1-methylvinoxy radical and 2-methylvinoxy radical with molecular oxygen have experimental high pressure limiting rate constants, k∞, 5–7 times higher than that of the vinoxy plus O2 reaction. In this work, high-level ab initio quantum chemical computations are applied to the 2-methylvinoxy radical plus O2 system, namely, the formation and isomerization of the 1-oxo-2-propylperoxy radical, the immediate product of O2 addition to the 2-methylvinoxy radical. Multireference methods were applied to the entrance channel. No barrier to O2 addition could be located, and more sophisticated treatment of dynamic electron correlation shows that the principal difference between O2 addition to the vinoxy and 2-methylvinoxy radicals is a larger steric factor for 2-methylvinoxy + O2. This is attributed to the favorable interaction between the incoming O2 molecule and the methyl group of the 2-methylvinoxy radical. Via the focal point approach, energetics for this reaction were determined, in most cases, to chemical accuracy. The coupled-cluster singles, doubles, and perturbative triples [CCSD(T)] correlation energy and Hartree–Fock energies were independently extrapolated to the complete basis set limit. A correction for the effect of higher excitations was computed at the CCSDT(Q)/6-31G level. Corrections for the frozen-core approximation, the Born–Oppenheimer approximation, the nonrelativistic approximation, and the zero-point vibrational energy were included. From the 1-oxo-2-propylperoxy radical, dissociation to reactants is competitive with the lowest energy isomerization pathway. The lowest energy isomerization pathway ultimately forms acetaldehyde, CO, and ·OH as the final products.Vinoxy radicals are involved in numerous atmospheric and combustion mechanisms. High-level theoretical methods have recently shed new light on the reaction of the unsubstituted vinoxy radical with O2. The reactions of 1-methylvinoxy radical and 2-methylvinoxy radical with molecular oxygen have experimental high pressure limiting rate constants, k∞, 5–7 times higher than that of the vinoxy plus O2 reaction. In this work, high-level ab initio quantum chemical computations are applied to the 2-methylvinoxy radical plus O2 system, namely, the formation and isomerization of the 1-oxo-2-propylperoxy radical, the immediate product of O2 addition to the 2-methylvinoxy radical. Multireference methods were applied to the entrance channel. No barrier to O2 addition could be located, and more sophisticated treatment of dynamic electron correlation shows that the principal difference between O2 addition to the vinoxy and 2-methylvinoxy radicals is a larger steric factor for 2-methylvinoxy + O2. This is attributed to t...
Lyα Observations of High Radial Velocity Low-mass Stars Ross 1044 and Ross 825

NASANational Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA) [NAS 5-26555]; NASA through Space Telescope Science InstituteSpace Telescope Science Institute [15283]; NASA/Habitable Worlds grant [NNX16AB62G]; NASA HST grant [HST-AR-13911]; NASA Habitable Worlds grant [NNX16AB62G]; California Institute of Technology under NASANational Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA) [NAS 5-98034]
The theory and history of ekphrasis. A summary and prospects of research, or, forty-five articles on ekphrasis

The article is devoted to ekphrasis, its historical and literary evolution, as well as aspects of its stylistic, cultural, and ideological origins. The research is based on the versatile collection of The Theory and History of Ekphrasis [Teoriya i istoriya ekfrasisa], which contains a number of previously little known texts and theories on ekphrasis, developed in regions with different ethnic and cultural characteristics. The author spares no effort in the examination of this monograph and, using the observations made by various scholars, discerns a similar development process of cross-cultural and cross-aesthetic transformations and transpositions, which, however, adopts divergent paths. Transpositions, the author suggests, occur in the model of a text awaiting a pictorial interpretation. The article concentrates on the ways to present an image anticipated in a written word, and to generate a new text, whose subject and content draw not only on poeticized observations of the source material, but also on metapoetic tales about its creators.
Sense of place: trends from the literature

Scholars studying sense of place have introduced several separate yet related terms which are often used interchangeably including phrases like place attachment, place meaning, place identity, and ...
Recurrence and Survival of Neuroendocrine Neoplasms of the Rectum: Single-Center Experience.

In 2010, the World Health Organization proposed that rectal neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) be considered malignant. We hypothesized that patients with small, low-grade, locally excised tumors have a low risk of recurrence and death. Retrospective review of institutional database 2006–2017 including consecutive adults with newly diagnosed rectum NENs. Outcome measures included risk of recurrence and 5-year overall survival. A total of 122 patients were diagnosed with rectal NENs. Most patients were asymptomatic and diagnosed during screening colonoscopy (80, 66.1%), had small tumors (median 0.6 cm, IQR 0.5–1) with intact muscularis propria on EUS (62/65, 95.4%), and were low grade (2017 WHO grades 1–2, n = 116, 95.1%). Lymph node and distant metastasis were found in 4 (3.3%) and 4 (3.3%) of patients, respectively. Patients were treated with local excision in 93.4% of cases with polypectomy (52, 42.6%), endoscopic mucosal resection (48, 39.3%), and transanal excision (14, 11.5%). Three patients (2.5%) required abdominoperineal resection or low anterior resection, and five patients (4.1%) received adjuvant chemotherapy. Of 87 patients surveilled, 4 (4.6%) recurred at a median time of 1 year (IQR 0.6–8). Death from neuroendocrine neoplasms occurred in 5 (4.1%) patients, all with lymph node (1/4) or metastatic disease (4/5) on presentation. Median time to death from NEN was 0.8 years (0.7–2.4). Overall 5-year survival for patients with localized disease was 98.2% (95% CI 93–99.5, Fig. 1). Patients with small, low grade rectal NENs treated with local excision have excellent oncologic outcomes.
Reliability of additional reported seizure manifestations to identify dissociative seizures.

Abstract Purpose Descriptions of seizure manifestations (SM), or semiology, can help localize the symptomatogenic zone and subsequently included brain regions involved in epileptic seizures, as well as identify patients with dissociative seizures (DS). Patients and witnesses are not trained observers, so these descriptions may vary from expert review of seizure video recordings of seizures. To better understand how reported factors can help identify patients with DS or epileptic seizures (ES), we evaluated the associations between more than 30 SMs and diagnosis using standardized interviews. Methods Based on patient- and observer-reported data from 490 patients with diagnoses documented by video-electoencephalography, we compared the rate of each SM in five mutually exclusive groups: epileptic seizures (ES), DS, physiologic seizure-like events (PSLE), mixed DS and ES, and inconclusive testing. Results In addition to SMs that we described in a prior manuscript, the following were associated with DS: light triggers, emotional stress trigger, pre-ictal and post-ictal headache, post-ictal muscle soreness, and ictal sensory symptoms. The following were associated with ES: triggered by missing medication, aura of deja vu, and leftward eye deviation. There were numerous manifestations separately associated with mixed ES and DS. Conclusions Reported SM can help identify patients with DS, but no manifestation is pathognomonic for either ES or DS. Patients with mixed ES and DS reported factors divergent from both ES-alone and DS-alone.
Use of Backward Walking Speed to Screen Dynamic Balance and Mobility Deficits in Older Adults Living Independently in the Community.

Background and purpose Older adults who live independently in the community are higher functioning and routinely ambulate in the community. Unrestricted community ambulation increases the likelihood of encountering precarious situations challenging balance. Sufficient dynamic balance is necessary to avoid falls. Currently used balance and mobility assessments may not sufficiently challenge dynamic balance to uncover mobility deficits in independent community-dwelling older adults. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether backward walking speed (BWS) can serve as an outcome measure to screen dynamic balance and mobility deficits in independent community-dwelling older adults. Methods A convenience sample of 30 older adults (73.68 ± 6.54 years) participated in this cross-sectional study. Participants walked backward on an instrumented walkway to record BWS. Other outcomes included forward walking speed (FWS), Community Balance and Mobility (CB&M) Scale, Falls Efficacy Scale-International (FES-I), Timed Up and Go (TUG) test, and 7-day average step count (ASC). A multivariate analysis of variance investigated the overall group differences between older adults at fall risk and those not at risk and was followed up by univariate tests. Pearson and spearman coefficients investigated associations between study outcomes. Youden's index assessed diagnostic accuracy. Results and discussion Backward walking speed, CB&M, FES-I, ASC discriminated older adults at fall risk from those not at risk (P Conclusions Preliminary results suggest that BWS can screen for dynamic balance and mobility deficits in independent community-dwelling older adults. Accurate screening is the first step to capture early decline in function for independent community-dwelling older adults. Longitudinal follow-up studies are warranted to validate BWS as a screening tool.
Hyperspectral 2D IR imaging: Principles and applications to biological and materials systems

This talk intends to give an insight into 2D IR spectroscopy, a powerful tool for studying protein folding and aggregation, liquid structure, and the dynamics of small molecules. In 2D IR, infrared spectra are spread into a second dimension, providing information on vibrational couplings, and separating the effects of homogeneous and inhomogeneous dynamics. It provides information about molecular structures and dynamics through cross-peaks and 2D lineshapes, respectively. There has been a recent push to turn this spectroscopy into hyperspectral microscopy. With hyperspectral 2D IR imaging, vibrational couplings, 2D lineshapes, and non-linear signals can be imaged, providing insights into spatial heterogeneity.
Screening for Interpersonal Violence: Missed Opportunities and Potential Harms

Introduction Screening for interpersonal violence is used in healthcare settings to identify patients experiencing violence. However, using unvalidated screening tools may misclassify patients’ experience with violence. The Center for Medicare & Medicaid Innovation adapted a previously validated intimate partner violence screening tool for use in assessing interpersonal violence and retained the tool's original scoring rubric, despite the new tool's broader scope. This study evaluates the scoring system for detecting safety concerns. Methods This was a cross-sectional survey of a convenience sample of adult patients and caregivers of pediatric patients at 7 primary care clinics and 4 emergency departments (2018–2019). Surveys included the adapted 4-item Hurt Insult Threat Scream tool. Questions are scored by frequency on a Likert scale (1=never; 5=frequently). Scores of 11–20 are considered positive for safety concerns. Two-sided Fisher's exact tests were used for descriptive analyses. Data analyses occurred in 2019–2020. Results Of 1,014 participants, 66 (6.5%) reported any frequency of physical violence. Of these, 54 (81.8%) did not reach the threshold score of 11. Of the 1,014 participants, 93 (9.2%) reported any frequency of physical violence or being threatened with harm; 76 of 93 participants (81.7%) scored Conclusions Using the original scoring criteria for the adapted Hurt Insult Threat Scream, >80% of participants reporting physical violence did not screen positive for potential safety concerns. The scoring criteria did not reliably identify participants experiencing or at high risk for violence. To improve patient safety, the adapted Hurt Insult Threat Scream scoring rubric should be updated on the basis of stakeholder input and additional validation studies.
Parameter space for magnetization effects in high-energy-density plasmas

Magnetic fields are well known to affect the evolution of fluids via the J × B force, where J is the current density and B is the magnetic field. This force leads to the influence of magnetic fields on hydrodynamics (magnetohydrodynamics). Magnetic fields are often neglected in modeling of high-energy-density plasmas, since J × B is very small compared with the plasma pressure gradients. However, many experiments lie in a separate part of parameter space where the plasma is indirectly affected via magnetization of the heat flux and charged particle transport. This is true even for initially unmagnetized plasmas, since misaligned density and temperature gradients can self-generate magnetic fields. By comparing terms in the induction equation, we go on to estimate the regions of parameter space where these self-generated fields are strong enough to affect the hydrodynamics.
Chlamydial Persistence Redux

The purpose of this chapter is to define what one do and do not know about chlamydial persistence with the goal of determining the extent of the role that persistence plays in chlamydial disease (if at all) and what one should do to better understand this chlamydial attribute. Out of P. falciparum, P. vivax, P. malariae, and P. ovale) causing infections in people, only two dominates: P. falciparum and P. vivax. P. falciparum, which causes a form of malaria called malignant tertian malaria, is considered a major killer due to its capacity to modify the surface of infected erythrocytes such that they stick to each other and to the endothelial cells lining vessels and capillaries. T. pallidum may be one of only a very few bacterial pathogens that is more difficult to work with than Chlamydia. Environmental factors that trigger dormancy include starvation for nutrients and hypoxia. When these stress-related conditions are applied to M. tuberculosis, striking metabolic reprogramming occurs, including upregulation of stress response genes and downregulation of many central metabolism genes. Studies of persistent Salmonella disease in mice indicate that persistence is a function of the capacity of the pathogen to survive in macrophages, and at least for nontyphoidal salmonellae, macrophage persistence contributes to increased disease severity in AIDS patients. The authors conclude that persistent forms may account for the insidious inflammation associated with upper genital tract disease in women, but have not been able to identify that persistent infections act as contributing factors to the disease.
Inhibition of lung tumorigenesis in A/J mice by combinations of N-acetyl-S-(N-2-phenethylthiocarbamoyl)-L-cysteine, myo-inositol, indole-3-carbinol, or diindolylmethane

AACR Annual Meeting-- Apr 14-18, 2007; Los Angeles, CA 4968 Although smokers and ex-smokers constitute high-risk groups for lung cancer, no chemopreventive agents with proven efficacy for humans are available. Our goal is to identify and developsuch agents. Previously, we showed that a mixture of N -acetyl- S -( N -2-phenethylthiocarbamoyl)-L-cysteine (PEITC-NAC) plus myo -inositol (MI) was effective as an inhibitor of lung tumorigenesis in A/J mice treated with the tobacco smoke carcinogens benzo[ a ]pyrene (BaP) and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK). Our goal in this study was to extend these results by examining dose levels and other possible constituents of a chemopreventive mixture. We tested the efficacy of combinations of PEITC-NAC, MI, and indole-3-carbinol (I3C) as well as I3C or DIM individually. Mice were treated with 8 weekly doses of BaP plus NNK (1 or 2 µmol of each). The chemopreventive agents were given in the diet starting at 50% of carcinogen treatment or one week after the last dose of the carcinogens and continued until the end of the experiment. The experiment was terminated 19weeks after the final carcinogen treatment and lung tumors werescored. The following chemopreventive agents were used (μmol/g diet unless noted otherwise): PEITC-NAC + MI (15 + 56); PEITC-NAC + MI (9 + 56); PEITC-NAC + I3C (15 + 112); I3C (112) and DIM (30). Mice treated with 2 or 1 µmol each of BaP plus NNK developed 19.3 ± 3 and 4 ± 2 tumors/mouse, respectively. Supplementation of the diet with PEITC-NAC plus MI (15 + 56), PEITC-NAC plus MI (9 + 56), PEITC-NAC plus I3C (15 plus 112), I3C (112) and DIM (30) starting at 50% through carcinogen treatment reduced BaP plus NNK (2 µmol of each)-induced tumor multiplicity by 77, 70, 89, 86, and 66%, respectively. In the groups treated with the lower dose of the carcinogens (1 µmol each of BaP and NNK), PEITC-NAC plus MI (15 + 56) and PEITC-NAC plus MI (9 + 56) reduced tumor multiplicity by 58 and 56%, respectively. Administration of PEITC-NAC plus MI (15 + 56) beginning one day after the last carcinogen treatment reduced BaP plus NNK (2 µmol of each)-induced tumor multiplicity by 55%. The results of this study demonstrate that lung tumor multiplicity can be markedly reduced by dietary agents; chemopreventive efficacy was better when the compounds were administered 50% through the carcinogen treatment phase than when given post-carcinogen.
Assessing the U.S. Market Economics for a Cultured Flounder, Paralichthys sp., Industry

There is considerable interest in the culture of flounder because of its high retail market value, the established worldwide market for flatfish, and the ability of flounder to grow in fresh or brackish water. The author assesses the U.S. market potential for a cultured flounder, Paralichthys sp., industry. Regression analyses were used to estimate both the price and income elasticity of demand for flounder. Demand forecasting was used to predict effective annual future demand for flounder. Although the U.S. flounder market is large and expanding, there are indications of excess supply suppressing prices below profitable levels for aquaculture producers. Demand is price inelastic, so an increase in supply from aquaculture production will produce a disproportionately large decrease in price, reducing total producer revenue. Unless niche markets are targeted or an export market is developed, the outlook for large-scale flounder aquaculture in the United States is not economically promising.
Culture, Microscopic, and Sampling Methods

The examination of foods for the presence, types, and numbers of microorganisms and/or their products is basic to food microbiology. In spite of the importance of this, none of the methods in common use permits the determination of exact numbers of microorganisms in a food product. Although some methods of analysis are better than others, every method has certain inherent limitations associated with its use.
Bijections between Partitions by Two-Directional Rewriting Techniques

One basic activity in combinatorics is to establish combinatorial identities by so-called 'bijective proofs,' which consist in constructing explicit bijections between two types of the combinatorial objects under consideration. We show how such bijective proofs can be established, and how the bijections are computed by means of multiset rewriting, for a variety of combinatorial problems involving partitions. In particular, we fully characterizes all equinumerous partition ideals with 'disjointly supported' complements. As a corollary, a new proof, the 'bijective' one, is given for all equinumerous classes of the partition ideals of order 1 from the classical book "The Theory of Partitions" by G. Andrews. Establishing the required bijections involves novel two-directional reductions in the sense that forward and backward application of rewrite rules head for two different normal forms (representing the two combinatorial types). It is well-known that non-overlapping multiset rules are confluent. As for termination, it generally fails even for multiset rewriting systems that satisfy certain natural invariant balance conditions. The main technical development of the paper, which is important for establishing that the mapping yielding the combinatorial bijection is functional, is that the 'restricted' two-directional strong normalization holds for the multiset rewriting systems in question.