cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Low-dose aripiprazole monotherapy in a young child with disruptive mood dysregulation disorder

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) [American Psychiatric Association, 2013] has introduced the diagnosis of disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD). The prevalence of DMDD ranges from 0.8% to 3.3%, with higher rates in preschool age children [Copeland et al. 2013]. DMDD is characterized primarily by frequent, severe, recurrent temper outbursts and chronically irritable and/or angry mood. These symptoms must be present for at least 12 months in multiple settings, have an onset before age 10, and the child must be at least 6 years old [American Psychiatric Association, 2013]. Neuroimaging studies demonstrated that children with irritability exhibited markedly decreased activation of neural regions associated with reward processing, attention and emotional salience after negative feedback (frustrating) trials [Deveney et al. 2013]. These neural circuits are principally mediated by dopamine [Goschke et al. 2014]. Although the clinical characterization of DMDD has attracted attention, behavioural treatment strategies have been poorly studied and there are no evidence-based pharmacological treatments for DMDD. Antipsychotics have a long history of treatment efficacy for irritability and dysregulated behaviour at all ages. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved aripiprazole for the treatment of irritability in young autistic patients aged between 6 and 17 years of age [Owen et al. 2009]. Aripiprazole has a unique mechanism of action, as it has a combination of partial agonism at the D2 and 5-HT1A receptors and antagonism at the 5-HT2A receptor. Mamo and colleagues observed that D2 occupancy levels were significantly correlated with plasma drug concentrations, with low dose leading to 85% D2 occupancy [Mamo et al. 2007]. The neural networks dysfunctions documented in children with severe irritability, the core symptom of DMDD, led us to hypothesize that a low dose of aripiprazole could be an effective treatment for irritability in DMDD. To the best of our knowledge this is the first case report of a young patient with DMDD who was successfully treated with low-dose aripiprazole monotherapy.
Exploiting inhomogeneity in metamaterials for radome application

Simulations and measurements showed that the insertion loss and material parameters of extended S-shaped sprit-ring resonators (ESRR) change nonlinearly as a function of material thickness. This property is exploited by choosing the number of metamaterial cell layer that achieves a refraction index near one.
Environmental Justice, Vital Materiality, and the Toxic Sublime in Edward Burtynsky’s Manufactured Landscapes

Manufactured Landscapes, the 2006 film directed by Jennifer Baichwal, is a documentary portrayal of the work of Canadian photographer Edward Burtynsky. The film explores Burtynsky as he documents sites of extraction, factory production, and waste disposal around the world. This article provides an environmental justice reading of the film and the photographs. It focuses on representations of materiality, such as how the bodies of workers interact with the environmental toxins with and in which they work, and the limits of an aesthetics of beauty to account for global consumer complicity and risk. Burtynsky’s deployment of a “toxic sublime” (Peeples 2011) and the film’s depiction of vital materiality ask audiences to reckon with the “dirty ecologies” (Morton 2009) of risk society’s “storied matter” (Bennett 2010), such as oil, e-waste, and invisible toxic fumes. Burtynsky’s photographs foreground toxicity in ways that suggest that “beauty” is not a grounds for environmentalism in the Anthropocene, colludin...
Resonating Sentiments on Puerto Rican Identity Through Poetry Voices of the Diaspora

Identity among Puerto Ricans of the diaspora on the U.S. mainland is fluid, fragmented, multifocal, and nuanced. We explore Puerto Rican identity through the use of poetry, by presenting I-poems of adult Puerto Ricans living in the Greater Boston area, which we extract from qualitative interviews from the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study. I-poems are presented in conjunction with published poetry of Puerto Rican poets, with the aim of underscoring resonating sentiments and experiences. Poetry allows us to bring voice to the ambiguity of transnational and diasporic identity that is not as accessible and perceptible through other methodology.
You Can’t Fix What You Don’t Look At: Acknowledging Race in Addressing Racial Discipline Disparities

Racial/ethnic stereotypes are deep rooted in our history; among these, the dangerous Black male stereotype is especially relevant to issues of differential school discipline today. Although integra...
The Use of Platelet-Rich and Platelet-Poor Plasma to Enhance Differentiation of Skeletal Myoblasts: Implications for the Use of Autologous Blood Products for Muscle Regeneration

Background:Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has been used to augment tissue repair and regeneration after musculoskeletal injury. However, there is increasing clinical evidence that PRP does not show a consistent clinical effect.Purpose/Hypothesis:This study aimed to compare the effects of the following non–neutrophil-containing (leukocyte-poor) plasma fractions on human skeletal muscle myoblast (HSMM) differentiation: (1) PRP, (2) modified PRP (Mod-PRP), in which transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) and myostatin (MSTN) were depleted, and (3) platelet-poor plasma (PPP). The hypothesis was that leukocyte-poor PRP would lead to myoblast proliferation (not differentiation), whereas certain modifications of PRP preparations would increase myoblast differentiation, which is necessary for skeletal muscle regeneration.Study Design:Controlled laboratory study.Methods:Blood from 7 human donors was individually processed to simultaneously create leukocyte-poor fractions: PRP, Mod-PRP, PPP, and secondarily spun PRP and...
Anion photoelectron imaging spectroscopy of glyoxal

Abstract We report a photoelectron imaging study of the radical-anion of glyoxal. The 532 nm photoelectron spectrum provides the first direct spectroscopic determination of the adiabatic electron affinity of glyoxal, EA = 1.10 ± 0.02 eV. This assignment is supported by a Franck-Condon simulation of the experimental spectrum that successfully reproduces the observed spectral features. The vertical detachment energy of the radical-anion is determined as VDE = 1.30 ± 0.04 eV. The reported EA and VDE values are attributed to the most stable ( C 2 h symmetry) isomers of the neutral and the anion.
Update on the Burden of CKD.

Recent studies confirm that the global burden of CKD is high but point to interesting trends and methodologic challenges. Data on CKD burden have grown dramatically over the past years, building on the foundation set by standardizing the definition and staging of CKD in 2002. I will briefly
Fetal Type Posterior Cerebral Circulation Influence Stroke Characteristics (P04.070)

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of fPCA and if fPCA was associated with specific ischemic stroke etiology, vessel territory affected, and poor outcome among patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). BACKGROUND: fPCA is a common variant of cerebral circulation which limits collateral flow and increases the volume of tissue perfused by the anterior circulation. Patients with fPCA may be predisposed to have occlusion of particular vessels, unique distribution of stroke etiology, and have worse outcome. Few studies have examined how fPCA impacts patients with AIS. DESIGN/METHODS: A retrospective review of prospectively identified patients with AIS from 7/2008-12/2010 was performed. Patients without intracranial vascular imaging were excluded. We defined fPCA as complete absence of a P1 segment linking the basilar with the PCA. We compared patients with fPCA and patients without fPCA in terms of demographics, stroke severity (NIHSS), distribution and etiology, and outcome. RESULTS: Of the 535 patients with AIS and intracranial vascular imaging, 9.5% (n=51) had fPCA. Compared with AIS patients without fPCA, those with fPCA were older (74 vs 62; p=0.006) and more often female (60.8% vs 39.5%; p=0.003). Stroke severity, length of stay, discharge mRS, discharge NIHSS and vascular distribution were similar. Patients with fPCA had significant variation in TOAST classification (p=0.004). When patients with fPCA ipsilateral to the stroke (n=28) were compared to all others, there were more large vessel events and posterior circulation was involved more often (35.7% vs 17.6%; p=0.016). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with fPCA had more large vessel and less small vessel strokes. There was a trend towards more PCA involvement and significantly more posterior circulation involvement when the stroke was ipsilateral to a fPCA. The presence of a fPCA may make the posterior circulation more vulnerable to ischemia. Disclosure: Dr. Shaban has nothing to disclose. Dr. Albright has received research support from The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) and The National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (NIMHD), National Institutes of Health. Dr. Boehme has nothing to disclose. Dr. Martin-Schild has nothing to disclose.
Anomaly Detection with Robust Deep Autoencoders

Deep autoencoders, and other deep neural networks, have demonstrated their effectiveness in discovering non-linear features across many problem domains. However, in many real-world problems, large outliers and pervasive noise are commonplace, and one may not have access to clean training data as required by standard deep denoising autoencoders. Herein, we demonstrate novel extensions to deep autoencoders which not only maintain a deep autoencoders' ability to discover high quality, non-linear features but can also eliminate outliers and noise without access to any clean training data. Our model is inspired by Robust Principal Component Analysis, and we split the input data X into two parts, $X = L_{D} + S$, where $L_{D}$ can be effectively reconstructed by a deep autoencoder and $S$ contains the outliers and noise in the original data X. Since such splitting increases the robustness of standard deep autoencoders, we name our model a "Robust Deep Autoencoder (RDA)". Further, we present generalizations of our results to grouped sparsity norms which allow one to distinguish random anomalies from other types of structured corruptions, such as a collection of features being corrupted across many instances or a collection of instances having more corruptions than their fellows. Such "Group Robust Deep Autoencoders (GRDA)" give rise to novel anomaly detection approaches whose superior performance we demonstrate on a selection of benchmark problems.
Recounting the Dead: An Analysis of ISAF Caused Civilian Casualties in Afghanistan:

In wars fought against insurgents, civilian casualties present the challenging dilemma of balancing security and stability while targeting insurgents who operate within the civilian population. In ...
Open Data, Big Data, and Just Data

This chapter examines two cases in which data presents questions of justice. Many argue as a philosophical principle that data sources should be available as widely as possible, the principle at the heart of the open data movement. But as I argue in that chapter, open data can just as easily lead to injustice: Like programming, “Injustice in, injustice out” ought to be a principle of data. Social privilege can color the data that is opened and create serious inequalities in who can access and use ostensibly open data. Open data can also establish standards that exclude knowledge that is not part of the data system. In the second case, I consider what big data means for higher education. After discussing some recent examples, I identify two types of ethical challenges in the increasingly common use of predictive analytics at universities: challenges related to the direct consequences of the systems and those rooted in the ideology of scientism that inspire them. Both the open data and big data cases prove quite problematic if the aim is just data.
Specifics of Sound Editing

Relevant video recording equipment was described in Chap. 6 and a number of methods for capturing quality audio was explained in Chap. 13. Now it is time to examine how you can use your VEP to manipulate and blend soundtracks for increased impact. The process of editing audio media typically happens simultaneously with video editing, on your VEP, and ultimately the merging of video and audio content define your final film. However, discussions of audio edits are held separate from video edits because sound engages a different primary sense and thus requires different techniques and sensibilities. Audio editing is best served by a quiet editing environment. From there sound levels and qualities of sound tracks can be compared and adjusted. The original sound captured during production may be impeccable however; the ways that different clips interact usually improves with some tweaking. This chapter describes how the impact of sound can be augmented with audio filters and the inclusion of music. Lastly, the more advanced technique of synchronizing sound tracks, such as numerous instruments from a concert, is explained.
Poppin’ Tags: How Consumers Communicate Uniqueness with Vintage Clothing

Aesthetics in the 21st Century has been marked by the coexistence of many styles, with consumers often in charge of creating their own sense of personal style (Postrel, 2003). However, convergence of global trends has led to similarity across brands and price points, which makes it difficult to create an individualized appearance when shopping solely at new clothing stores. Some consumers have sought alternative sources, including thrift shops, vintage stores, clothing swaps, garage sales, do-it-yourself projects, and professionally redesigned clothing (Janigo, 2011; Reiley, 2008). The purpose of this r
Language Education Policy and Practice in the U.S.: Emerging Efforts to Expand All Teachers’ Understanding About Language Development and Learning

This paper presents a singular effort in one major urban area in the United States to strengthen professional development policy and practice concerning language and disciplinary literacy education in multilingual contexts in American schools. Against fixed notions of learning and teaching, this initiative uses a model of language as action and of learning as apprenticeship within disciplines and professional communities of practice. The project represents an effort of key members of an urban practice community of educators to bring to bear their experience and knowledge about learning and teaching in English as a second language, about how language develops, and about how content and language learning develop simultaneously and interdependently – ultimately to support the development of new policy and practice solutions that support English language learners and all students. Such policy solutions emerging from practice also suggest the need for capacity building around the centrality of language in learning for all teachers to catalyze major shifts in practice to better support all learners in U.S. schools in a context that is driven by the need to have higher standards of learning for all. The project represented a collaborative effort and confirmed the urgent need for major shifts in instructional planning, implementation and assessment in all the core disciplines to reflect evolving knowledge about the links between language development and learning – and a call for new policies that support these more effective practices.
The Politics and Consequences of Eurocentrism in University Disciplines

It is now widely understood that the most enduring legacy of colonialism may well be the colonization of the mind. Some commentators appear to think that the very deployment of English (or French, Spanish, or German) in intellectual work compromises the ability of formerly colonized people to frame an autonomous intellectual framework, but the roots of the problem are much deeper. Indeed, one may even argue that English in India, to take one example, is no longer viewed as a foreign language: if cricket is now more an Indian game than an English game, there is but no question that English is similarly viewed by many Indians as an intrinsically Indian language. To engage with the problem of Eurocentrism, we shall have to look elsewhere. In my paper, I shall pursue several lines of argument, among them the following: first, in the social sciences most particularly, universities all over the global South have adopted the disciplinary framework of modern knowledge encountered in the modern university in the West. In disciplines such as economics and political science, the American model reigns supreme. Secondly, as a corollary of the first argument, the parameters of each and every discipline are viewed as having been established in universities in the US, UK, Germany, or France, and all that it remains for practitioners of the social sciences in the global South to do is to borrow the template and, allowing for some tinkering, “adopt” it for their societies. In this framework, it is always understood that the true ratiocinative faculties lie with intellectuals and researchers in the global North: whether the object of study is the Indian past, the religious beliefs of people in the Andes, the social norms of the Bedouin, or the creation of national parks in East Africa, the theory is supposed to emanate from Europe. The global South is merely the terrain that is to be mined, whether for minerals or for the raw data that might feed the ravenous appetite of university researchers in the West. The consequences of Eurocentrism, in other words, are to be seen both in the fact that nearly all social science work in the global South is sheer mimicry, mere regurgitation of ideas generated elsewhere, and in the collapse of higher education. Thirdly, as I shall suggest, one of the most abiding consequences of Eurocentrism remains the suppression of alternative, indigenous, and dissenting modes of knowledge. Finally, Eurocentrism, contrary to common belief, is not only a problem for the “rest”, or for the Global South; it is at least as much of a problem as well for the “West”. Since the West barely knows others, it cannot know much of itself. In my wide-ranging discussion of the social sciences, focusing on anthropology, economics, history, and psychology, I shall argue that all the rhetoric of ‘knowledge societies’ and the supposed emancipatory potential of higher education has done precious little to enrich the intellectual life in the global South or ameliorate the oppressions and sufferings that have blighted the lives of tens of millions.
Generic Program Units

Subprograms and packages can be generic. Generic program units are templates of program units and are often parameterized. Being templates, they cannot be used directly as ordinary subprograms or packages; for example a generic subprogram cannot be called. Instances (that is, copies) of the template are obtained by generic instantiation. The resulting subprograms and packages are ordinary program units, which can be used directly.
Tissue Engineering in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

Abstract The oral and maxillofacial region is a highly complex area composed of multiple tissue types including the facial bones, special sense organs, lining and covering tissues, a rich neural and vascular network and teeth. Trauma, developmental deformities and pathological lesions affecting this region can cause a significant loss of tissue integrity and continuity requiring considerable reconstructive procedures. While the field of tissue engineering has made significant progress in regenerating several types of oral and maxillofacial tissues both in vitro and in animal models, significant challenges remain before these techniques are embraced as a feasible clinical modality. This chapter will describe the special challenges posed by oral and maxillofacial reconstruction, outline existing reconstructive techniques and limitations, and review current tissue-engineering strategies that may be relevant. By continuing to characterize the mechanisms underlying both the normal function and pathological degradation of oral and maxillofacial structures, improved tissue-engineering constructs can be designed with the unique local environment of this region in mind.
When White Supremacists Invade a City

In August 2017, hundreds of white supremacists came to Charlottesville, Virginia, ostensibly to protest the city council’s decision to remove a statue of Robert E. Lee. This Essay argues that Charlottesville’s vulnerability in the face of white supremacist invasions is a feature of all cities’ liminal status in American law. Municipal corporations neither enjoy the full power of the state nor the rights accorded individuals and private corporations. Among other limitations, state law restricts Charlottesville’s authority to remove Confederate war memorials or to regulate firearms. So too, our current constitutional doctrine does not easily permit cities to assert First Amendment rights against state-mandated local government speech. Nor can cities readily assert a collective civil or constitutional right to be free from violence and intimidation. The lack of either municipal power or municipal rights means that a city faced with the symbolic and physical “takeover” of its downtown by heavily armed aggressors has limited legal resources with which to respond.
A randomized pilot study of music therapy in the form of patient-preferred live music on fatigue, energy and pain in hospitalized adult oncology patients on a blood and marrow transplant unit.

There is a lack of randomized research measuring how music therapy might influence fatigue in oncology patients.The purpose of this randomized pilot study was to evaluate the effects of music thera...
How dorsal fin sharpness affects swimming speed and economy

Multi-fin systems, like fish or fish-inspired vehicles, are governed by unsteady three-dimensional interactions between their multiple fins. In particular, dorsal/anal fins have received much attention because they are just upstream of the main thrust-producing fin: the caudal (tail) fin. We used a tuna-inspired fish model with variable fin sharpness to study the interaction between elongated dorsal/anal fins and caudal fins. We found that the performance enhancement is stronger than previously thought (15 % increase in swimming speed and 50 % increase in swimming economy) and is governed by a three-dimensional dorsal-fin-induced cross-flow that lowers the angle of attack on the caudal fin and promotes spanwise flow. Both simulations and multi-layer particle image velocimetry reveal that the cross-flow stabilizes the leading edge vortex on the caudal fin, similar to how wing strakes prevent stall during fixed-wing aircraft manoeuvres. Unlike other fin–fin interactions, this mechanism is phase-insensitive and offers a simple, passive solution for flow control over oscillating propulsors. Our results therefore improve our understanding of multi-fin flow interactions and suggest new insights into dorsal/anal fin shape and placement in fish and fish-inspired vehicles.
Multiscale multiphysics data-informed modeling for three-dimensional ocean acoustic simulation and prediction

Three-dimensional (3D) underwater sound field computations have been used for a few decades to understand sound propagation effects above sloped seabeds and in areas with strong 3D temperature and salinity variations. For an approximate simulation of effects in nature, the necessary 3D sound-speed field can be made from snapshots of temperature and salinity from an operational data-driven regional ocean model. However, these models invariably have resolution constraints and physics approximations that exclude features that can have strong effects on acoustics, example features being strong submesoscale fronts and nonhydrostatic nonlinear internal waves (NNIWs). Here, work to predict NNIW fields to improve 3D acoustic forecasts using an NNIW model nested in a tide-inclusive data-assimilating regional model is reported. The work was initiated under the Integrated Ocean Dynamics and Acoustics project. The project investigated ocean dynamical processes that affect important details of sound-propagation, with a focus on those with strong intermittency (high kurtosis) that are challenging to predict deterministically. Strong internal tides and NNIW are two such phenomena, with the former being precursors to NNIW, often feeding energy to them. Successful aspects of the modeling are reported along with weaknesses and unresolved issues identified in the course of the work.
Comparing energy and comfort metrics for building benchmarking

Abstract Benchmarking energy use is increasingly mandated and tied to consequences such as fines for underperforming buildings. Yet, standard benchmarking methods and metrics may not adequately align with policymakers’ or building owners’ goals. We demonstrate how benchmarking metrics are non-interchangeable and how they can lead to substantially different building rankings. We analyze the performance of 29 case study buildings using different methods and metrics, divided into three categories: simple energy benchmarking, regression, and comfort. We find that Energy Use Intensity (EUI) serves as a poor proxy for harder-to-measure but more meaningful metrics. For example, factoring in the number of occupants (“EUI per person” rather than EUI) changes a building's ranking in our group by 24%. We demonstrate how a custom regression analysis and the “Observed-to-modeled” ratio can be useful for large-portfolio building owners, and how this differs from available benchmarking tools like Energy Star. We benchmark a subset of buildings via reported and monitored comfort factors and, importantly, propose the metrics “Overheating/cooling Degree Days”. These metrics measure discomfort relative to a building's operation mode and highlight cases of energy waste. The Overheating Degree Days metric highlighted operational problems in one case study building.
An Implementation of the Image Processing Techniques for the Thermal Field Analysis of the Induction Machines

the real-time estimations of the heating of the electromechanical converters are important for both overheating prevention and overall efficiency optimization of the converters during operation. The implementation of distributed-parameter dynamic-models for the thermal processes in the induction machine is difficult due to the lack of information regarding the unobservable currents in the rotor and of the nonlinearity of the machine’s model. In this work, the author proposes a method that allows estimating the geometric features at the boundaries of the thermal field and the temperature distribution on the cross-section of the induction machine. The method is based on (1) processing the image of the thermal field, (2) estimating the base circular shape of the machine with the Kasa and Coope method, (3) the correction of the alignment of the optical axis of the camera with the Radon transformation and, (4) image segmentation for estimating the surface of regions in the thermo-graphical image. An implementation of the proposed method and its related software applications on 18 data-sets is discussed within the work. The proposed method proved being fully automatic and suitable for software-in-the-loop identification of thermal processes.
Weaving by Touch: A Case Analysis of Accessible Making

The rise of maker communities and fabrication tools creates new opportunities for participation in design work. With this has come an interest in increasing the accessibility of making for people with disabilities, which has mainly emphasized independence and empowerment through the creation of more accessible fabrication tools. To understand and rethink the notion of accessible making, we analyze the context and practices of a particular site of making: the communal weaving studio within an assisted living facility for people with vision impairments. Our analysis helps reconsider the material and social processes that constitute accessible making, including the ways makers attend to interactive material properties, negotiate co-creative embodied work, and value the labor of making. We discuss future directions for design and research on accessible making while highlighting tensions around assistance, collaboration, and how disabled labor is valued.
33rd Annual APRN Legislative Update: Unprecedented changes to APRN practice authority in unprecedented times.

ABSTRACT: In a year unlike any other in recent history, healthcare workers, including advanced practice registered nurses (APRNs), faced challenges and triumphs as the frontline in the battle against COVID-19. This 33rd Annual Legislative Update covers the scope of practice changes and legislative decisions that most impacted APRNs across the US in 2020.
Spinal Compliance Curves: Preliminary Experience with a New Tool for Evaluating Suspected CSF Venous Fistulas on CT Myelography in Patients with Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Craniospinal space compliance reflects the distensibility of the spinal and intracranial CSF spaces as a system. Craniospinal space compliance has been studied in intracranial pathologies, but data are limited in assessing it in spinal CSF leak. This study describes a method to estimate craniospinal space compliance using saline infusion during CT myelography and explores the use of craniospinal space compliance and pressure-volume curves in patients with suspected cerebrospinal-venous fistula. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients with suspected cerebrospinal-venous fistula underwent dynamic CT myelography. During the procedure, 1- to 5-mL boluses of saline were infused, and incremental changes in CSF pressure were recorded. These data were used to plot craniospinal space compliance curves. We calculated 3 quantitative craniospinal space compliance parameters: overall compliance, compliance at opening pressure, and the pressure volume index. These variables were compared between patients with confirmed cerebrospinal-venous fistula and those with no confirmed source of CSF leak. RESULTS Thirty-four CT myelograms in 22 patients were analyzed. Eight of 22 (36.4%) patients had confirmed cerebrospinal-venous fistulas. Bolus infusion was well-tolerated with no complications and transient headache in 2/34 (5.8%). Patients with confirmed cerebrospinal-venous fistulas had higher compliance at opening pressure and overall compliance (2.6 versus 1.8 mL/cm H20, P < .01). There was no difference in the pressure volume index (77.5 versus 54.3 mL, P = .13) between groups. CONCLUSIONS A method of deriving craniospinal space compliance curves using saline intrathecal infusion is described. Preliminary analysis of craniospinal space compliance curves provides qualitative and quantitative information about pressure-volume dynamics and may serve as a diagnostic tool in patients with known or suspected cerebrospinal-venous fistulas.
Ultra Low-Cost Printable Folding Robots

Current techniques in robot design and fabrication are time consuming and costly. Robot designs are needed that facilitate low-cost fabrication techniques and reduce the design to production timeline. Here we present an axial-rotational coupled metastructure that can serve as the functional core of a low-cost 3D printed walking robot. Using an origami-inspired assembly technique, the axial-rotational coupled metastructure robot can be 3D printed flat and then folded into a final configuration. This print-then-fold approach allows for the facile integration of critical subcomponents during the printing process. The axial-rotational metastructures eliminate the need for joints and linkages by enabling locomotion through a single compliant structure. Finite element models of the axialrotational metastructures were developed and validated against experimental deformation of 3D printed units under tensile loading. As a proof-of-concept, an ultra low-cost 3D-printed metabot was designed and fabricated using the proposed axial-rotational coupled metastructure and its walking performance was characterized. A top speed of 4.30 mm/s was achieved with an alternating stepping gait at a frequency of 0.8 Hz.
Distribution Prediction for Reconfiguring Urban Dockless E-Scooter Sharing Systems

Dockless E-scooter Sharing (DES) has become a popular means of last-mile commute for many smart cities. As e-scooters are getting deployed dynamically and exibly across city regions that expand and/or shrink, accurate prediction of the e-scooter distribution given the recongured regions becomes essential for city planning. We present GCScoot, a novel ow distribution prediction approach for reconguring urban DES systems. Based on real-world datasets with reconguration, we analyze e-scooter distribution features and ow dynamics for the data-driven designs. We propose a novel spatio-temporal graph capsule neural network within GCScoot to predict future dockless e-scooter ows given the recongured regions. GCScoot pre-processes historical spatial e-scooter distributions into ow graph structures, where discretized city regions are considered as nodes and inter-region ows as edges. To facilitate initial training, we cluster the regions and generate virtual data for new deployment regions based on their peers in the same cluster. Given above designs, the region-to-region correlations embedded within the temporal ow graphs are captured via the multi-graph capsule convolutional neural network which accurately predicts the DES ows. Extensive studies upon four e-scooter datasets (total >3.4 million rides) in four populous US cities have corroborated accuracy and effectiveness of GCScoot in predicting the e-scooter distributions.
An interdisciplinary framework examining culture and adaptation in migrant children and adolescents

With increasing rates of globalization, understanding the cultural factors that promote positive adaptation in migrant children and adolescents is vital. In prior research, acculturation and enculturation frameworks often rely on unidimensional or bidimensional conceptions of culture to study the effects of migration on child and adolescent development. However, the contemporary strategies that migrant children and adolescents utilize to navigate multicultural contexts remain undertheorized. Therefore, we advance an interdisciplinary framework that describes the factors and processes that affect migrant child and adolescent development across four contexts: global, macrosystem, microsystem, and the individual level. Additionally, conceptualizations of cultural adaptation are broadened in our framework by examining the intersections of community cultural wealth, cultural preservation, and cultural restoration. We highlight the importance of prioritizing the culture and experiential knowledge of migrant children and adolescents in the development of policy, research, and practice, to support their positive adaptation in a globalized society.
Is presymptomatic ALS perivascular

Increased activity in perivascular fibroblasts could precede motor-neuron degeneration and be a predictor of shorter survival in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Identifying the Dominant Transmission Pathway in a Multi-stage Infection Model of the Emerging Fungal Pathogen Batrachochytrium Salamandrivorans on the Eastern Newt

Epidemic dynamics of infectious diseases with multiple routes of transmission are complex. Mathematical models can be used to determine invasion potential and identify which transmission pathway is dominant and can ultimately help identify appropriate intervention strategies. We developed compartmental host–pathogen models to examine the transmission dynamics of an emerging fungal pathogen (Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans, Bsal) on a North American salamander population. Multiple stages of infection are incorporated into the model, allowing disease induced mortality and zoospore shedding rates to vary as the disease progresses. Parameter sensitivity analysis shows that the recovery and disease induced mortality rates, the length of incubation period, and environmental zoospore degradation rates are influential parameters. Calculation of the basic reproductive number (\(\mathcal {R}_0>1.15\)) highlights the invasion potential of this pathogen and was used to determine that direct transmission via host contact was the dominant transmission pathway for small population densities, while environmental transmission dominated in large populations. Collectively, these results suggest strategies that reduce host contacts at small densities or reduce environmental persistence of zoospores at high host densities may be effective Bsal management strategies.
Effects of sewage effluent disposal on community structure of soil invertebrates

In 1962, researchers at Pennsylvania State University pursued the following objective: to determine the feasibility and effects of disposal of municipal sewage effluents on a variety of vegetative sites. Since then, numerous facts have been accumulated which were compiled by the project directors Sopper and Kardos (Sopper and Kardos 1973). Generally they have demonstrated for the first time in the U.S. a satisfactory method for renovation of wastewater and sludge and secondly, some very interesting physical, chemical and biological relationships resulting from irrigation-recycling of the materials. All the relationships described are focused on what they call the “living filter concept”. That is, they suggest that plants, litter, organic matter plus associated microflora and fauna on and incorporated within upper soil horizons constitute this dynamic biological filtering system.
Design of Dissipative Low-Authority Controllers Using An Eigensystem Assignment Technique

A new method for the design of dissipative, low-authority controllers has been developed. The method uses a sequential approach along with eigensystem assignment to compute rate and position gain matrices that assign a number of closed-loop poles of the system to desired locations. A numerical example is worked out for a flexible structure in order to demonstrate the proposed technique.
VPO catalysts for oxidation of butane to maleic anhydride

Abstract The catalytic properties of (VO) 2 P 2 O 7 are very dependent on its method of preparation. The best catalysts have a platey morphology and are prepared topotactically via a (VO) 2 H 4 P 2 O 9 precursor. This paper reports a systematic study on the effect of synthesis variables on the properties of (VO) 2 H 4 P 2 O 9 and (VO) 2 P 2 O 7 . Variables considered were P/V synthesis ratio, addition of tetraethyl orthosilicate, and various organic solvents. Catalytic properties of (VO) 2 P 2 O 7 are related to defects and morphology.
Should Medicare rely on high drug spending as a criterion for medication therapy management programmes

Objectives The goal of Medicare Part D medication therapy management programmes (MTMPs) is to optimize medication use by beneficiaries. The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services require prescription drug plans (PDPs) to consider numbers of chronic medications and conditions, and total Part D spending when targeting beneficiaries for MTMPs. However, there is no explicit evidence base establishing these criteria. The objectives were to examine the associations of Part D spending with medication use and adherence among Medicare beneficiaries with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods This retrospective cross-sectional study used a 5% random sample of Medicare beneficiaries with COPD enrolled in stand-alone PDPs and Medicare Parts A and B in 2006–2007 (n = 72 912). Maintenance medication use and adherence for COPD were measured in three domains: discontinuation, duration of therapy and proportion of days covered. Key findings Proportions of beneficiaries using COPD maintenance medications increased with Part D spending, from 33.4% (quintile 1) to 60.5% (quintile 5), after covariant adjustment. Among maintenance medication users, the adjusted proportions of beneficiaries exhibiting better adherence also increased with spending, with the top 20% of spenders having the highest proportion of beneficiaries exhibiting good adherence. Adjusted proportions of beneficiaries discontinuing medications decreased with increased Part D spending. Conclusions The Part D MTMP spending criterion (US$4000 in 2007; US$3000 in 2010) may be an inappropriate target for identifying Medicare beneficiaries in need of adherence counselling. Findings suggest higher spenders may have learned healthy adherence behaviours, whereas lower spenders may be prone to discontinue medication and/or demonstrate poor adherence behaviours.
Using Process Theory to Analyze Direct and Indirect Value-Drivers of Information Systems

An increasing reliance on information systems has necessitated an even greater investment in IT assets. Additionally, large expenditures on training, process redesign, value-added service partners and other organizational changes accompany the more tangible IT investments. In this paper the "process view" is utilized to view how investments in IT and other related activities contribute to an organization's overall value. We show how IT managers can identify gaps and address them so that users and managers of IT can "heedfully interrelate" to leverage IT value. The theoretical implication of the study lies in demonstrating and encouraging the process view of IT in organizations and in showing how qualitative analytical techniques. We believe that in this paper we have been able to "focus on the concerns of practice, provide real value to IS professionals by balancing the pragmatic and academic tone.
Supersymmetric SU (3) × U (1) gauge model. Higgs structure at the electroweak energy scale

Abstract We consider a supersymmetric version of the recently proposed SU (3) × U (1) extended gauge model. We show that it is possible to have only two Higgs doublets at the SU (2) × U (1) energy scale but they are not those of the minimal supersymmetric standard model. In particular, the upper bound on the lightest scalar boson of this model is 4MZ sin θw at tree level and goes up to about 189 GeV after radiative corrections.
SNX17 Affects T Cell Activation by Regulating TCR and Integrin Recycling

A key component in T cell activation is the endosomal recycling of receptors to the cell surface, thereby allowing continual integration of signaling and Ag recognition. One protein potentially involved in TCR transport is sorting nexin 17 (SNX17). SNX proteins have been found to bind proteins involved in T cell activation, but specifically the role of SNX17 in receptor recycling and T cell activation is unknown. Using immunofluorescence, we find that SNX17 colocalizes with TCR and localizes to the immune synapse in T- conjugates. Significantly, knockdown of the SNX17 resulted in fewer T-APC conjugates, lower CD69, TCR, and LFA-1 surface expression, as well as lower overall TCR recycling compared with control T cells. Lastly, we identified the 4.1/ezrin/radixin/moesin domain of SNX17 as being responsible in the binding and trafficking of TCR and LFA-1 to the cell surface. These data suggest that SNX17 plays a role in the maintenance of normal surface levels of activating receptors and integrins to permit optimum T cell activation at the immune synapse.
Nanomaterials Synthesis and Applications: Molecule-Based Devices

The constituent components of conventional devices are carved out of larger materials relying on physical methods. This top-down approach to engineered building blocks becomes increasingly challenging as the dimensions of the target structures approach the nanoscale. Nature, on the other hand, relies on chemical strategies to assemble nanoscaled biomolecules. Small molecular building blocks are joined to produce nanostructures with defined geometries and specific functions. It is becoming apparent that natureʼs bottom-up approach to functional nanostructures can be mimicked to produce artificial molecules with nanoscaled dimensions and engineered properties. Indeed, examples of artificial nanohelices, nanotubes, and molecular motors are starting to be developed. Some of these fascinating chemical systems have intriguing electrochemical and photochemical properties that can be exploited to manipulate chemical, electrical, and optical signals at the molecular level. This tremendous opportunity has led to the development of the molecular equivalent of conventional logic gates. Simple logic operations, for example, can be reproduced with collections of molecules operating in solution. Most of these chemical systems, however, rely on bulk addressing to execute combinational and sequential logic operations. It is essential to devise methods to reproduce these useful functions in solid-state configurations and, eventually, with single molecules. These challenging objectives are stimulating the design of clever devices that interface small assemblies of organic molecules with macroscaled and nanoscaled electrodes. These strategies have already produced rudimentary examples of diodes, switches, and transistors based on functional molecular components. The rapid and continuous progress of this exploratory research will, we hope, lead to an entire generation of molecule-based devices that might ultimately find useful applications in a variety of fields, ranging from biomedical research to information technology.
Risks, Trust, and Sacrifice: Social Structural Motivators for Environmental Change*

Objective The social capital literature suggests generalized trust should work to motivate individuals to engage in environmentally beneficial behavior as it is associated with altruistic outcomes, moderation, and self-sacrifice. The environmental justice literature, however, suggests certain populations are understandably more skeptical about who they can trust with respect to environmental threats in their communities, thus undermining the hypothesis that greater trust results in positive environmental outcomes. We seek to test the relative direct and indirect influences of generalized trust and knowledge of environmental issues on individuals’ willingness to make sacrifices for the environment. Methods Based on established theory in the social capital, environmental concern, and environmental justice literature, this study conducts structural equation modeling using data from the 2010 General Social Survey. Results This analysis finds support for both social capital and environmental justice arguments. However, the positive direct effect of generalized trust on a willingness to sacrifice outweighs its indirect negative effect via perceived environmental threats by a factor of four to one, suggesting generalized trust is a net catalyst for environmental action. Knowledge of issues is positively associated with both perceived environmental risks and a willingness to sacrifice. Conclusion Generalized trust is an important motivator for self-sacrifice in the realm of environmental behavior. We should nonetheless be skeptical of efforts to promote it that ignore the unequal distribution of environmental threats in the population.