cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Portugal's First Queer Novel: Rediscovering Visconde de Vila-Moura's Nova Safo (1912)

This study seeks to recover the novel Nova Safo (1912) by Visconde de Vila-Moura from the marginal status to which it has been consigned in Portuguese literary history by arguing for its momentous cultural relevance as Portugal’s first queer novel. Given the extremely limited number and scope of existing critical approaches to the text, my reading is oriented by a reparative strategy that aims, first and foremost, to remedy its precarious status as an archival object. I describe the novel's inchoate and cluttered collection of references, images, and storylines as a countercultural scrapbook of queer feeling, ruled by an antiquarian sensibility, whose structures of cohesion belong less to the realm of formal aesthetics than to the sphere of homophilic affective epistemology. Further, I chart Nova Safo' s intersecting gestures of transitive embodiment—transnational, transgender, and transracial—by discussing the novel’s mournful evocation of three recently departed icons of fin-de-siecle literary culture: Oscar Wilde, Renee Vivien, and Joao da Cruz e Sousa.
Characterization of the role of noradrenaline in brain vs adrenaline in blood reveals a metabolic psychosomatic axis

Sensorial neurons activate the neurons of locus coeruleus with long axons that presynaptically release noradrenaline (NA) at almost all brain areas, stimulating postsynaptically adenylyl cyclase (A...
Data interpretation framework integrating machine learning and pattern recognition for self-powered data-driven damage identification with harvested energy variations

Abstract Data mining methods have been widely used for structural health monitoring (SHM) and damage identification for analysis of continuous signals. Nonetheless, the applicability and effectiveness of these techniques cannot be guaranteed when dealing with discrete binary and incomplete/missing signals (i.e., not continuous in time). In this paper a novel data interpretation framework for SHM with noisy and incomplete signals, using a through-substrate self-powered sensing technology, is presented within the context of artificial intelligence (AI). AI methods, namely, machine learning and pattern recognition, were integrated within the data interpretation framework developed for use in a practical engineering problem: data-driven SHM of plate-like structures. Finite element simulations on an aircraft stabilizer wing and experimental vibration tests on a dynamically loaded plate were conducted to validate the proposed framework. Machine learning algorithms, including support vector machine, k-nearest neighbor, and artificial neural networks, were integrated within the developed learning framework for performance assessment of the monitored structures. Different levels of harvested energy were considered to evaluate the robustness of the SHM system with respect to such variations. Results demonstrate that the SHM methodology employing the proposed machine learning-based data interpretation framework is efficient and robust for damage detection with incomplete and sparse/missing binary signals, overcoming the notable issue of energy availability for smart damage identification platforms being used in structural/infrastructure and aerospace health monitoring. The present study aims to advance data mining and interpretation techniques in the SHM domain, promoting the practical application of machine learning and pattern recognition with incomplete and missing/sparse signals in smart cities and smart infrastructure monitoring.
Modeling the Nucleation of Weak Electrolytes via Hybrid GCMC/MD Simulation.

We have developed a hybrid grand canonical Monte Carlo/molecular dynamics (GCMC/MD) method for simulating the nucleation of weak electrolytes in an explicit solvent. In contrast to brute-force MD s...
A 20-Year-Old Man with Acute Multi-organ Failure and Rhabdomyolysis

We describe a case of acute life-threatening 3,4-Methyl-enedioxy-methamphetamine toxicity with multi-organ failure and rhabdomyolysis. However, his muscle biopsy at the peak of CK elevation was unrevealing. This case demonstrates the importance of understanding muscle biopsy indications, performing muscle biopsy at a right time, and choosing a right muscle for biopsy.
Calling and Conflict: A Qualitative Exploration of Interrole Conflict and the Sanctification of Work in Christian Mothers in Academia.

This study investigated the role of spirituality in working Christian mothers coping with tension due to interrole conflict, in light of past research suggesting a relationship between spirituality...
Comparing the Efficacy of Static and Dynamic Graph Types in Communicating Complex Statistical Relationships.

Graphs are useful tools to communicate meaningful patterns in data, but their efficacy varies considerably based on the figure's construction and presentation medium. Specifically, a digital format figure can be dynamic, allowing the reader to manipulate it and little is known about the efficacy of dynamic figures. This present study compared how effectively static and dynamic graphical formats convey relationship information, and in particular variable interactions. Undergraduates (N = 128, 56% female, Mage = 18.9) were given a brief tutorial on main effects and interactions in data and then answered 48 multiple-choice questions about specific graphs. Each question involved one of four figure types and one of four relationship types (main effect only, interaction only, main effect and interaction, or no relationship), with relationship types and graphical formats fully crossed. Multilevel logistic regression analysis revealed that participants were fairly accurate at detecting main effects and null relationships but struggled with interaction effects. Additionally, the static 3D graph lowered performance for detecting main effects, although this negative effect disappeared when participants were allowed to rotate the 3D graph. These results suggest that dynamic figures in digital publications are a potential tool to effectively communicate data, but they are not a panacea. Undergraduates continued to struggle with more complicated relationships (e.g., interactions) regardless of graph type. Future studies will need to examine more experienced populations and additional dynamic graph formats, especially ones tailored for demonstrating interactions (e.g., profiler plots).
Microphase Separation in Polyelectrolyte Blends: Weak Segregation Theory and Relation to Nuclear “Pasta”

We develop the weak segregation theory of microphase separation in stoichiometric blends of oppositely and weakly charged polyelectrolytes, which would be immiscible in the absence of charged units. Short-range repulsions between polycation and polyanion monomers induce the formation of oppositely charged domains, the size of which is controlled by their excess Coulomb energy. The diagram of blend morphologies is constructed in the framework of Leibler’s mean-field approach and to account for fluctuations within the Brazovskii–Fredrickson–Helfand approximation. Phase behavior of the polyelectrolyte blends is fully analogous to that of neutral diblock copolymers. The mean-field analysis predicts that the order–disorder transition (ODT) is second order for the symmetric blend. In asymmetric mixtures, an increasing incompatibility between polyelectrolytes triggers the usual cascade of first-order phase transitions, dis → bcc → hex → lam. Fluctuations alter the phase diagram topology and allow the direct transitions from the disordered state (dis) to hex and lam microphases; for the symmetric blend, ODT becomes weakly first order. We also discuss that both microphase separation in polyelectrolyte blends and the formation of nuclear “pasta” phases within neutron stars are governed by similar physical principles, despite the 6 orders of magnitude difference in the periods of these structures.
Aggregation thermodynamics of asphaltenes: Prediction of asphaltene precipitation in petroleum fluids with NRTL-SAC

Abstract Based on the aggregation thermodynamics established for asphaltene precipitation in binary solvents (Wang et al., AIChE J., 2016. 62 (4), 1254–64; Islam et al., Fluid Phase Equilibria, 2018. 473, 255–261), this work extends the aggregation thermodynamics for asphaltene precipitation in blending of heavy oils with light hydrocarbons. In lieu of the commonly accepted pseudocomponents approach for petroleum fluid characterization, the petroleum fluids are characterized in terms of model molecules and their compositions (Chen and Que, U.S. Patent No. 9,934,367 B2, April 3, 2018). Solvent power of the petroleum fluids is further quantified with the conceptual segment-based NRTL-SAC activity coefficient model (Chen and Song, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 2004, 43 (26), 8354–62). We show the aggregation thermodynamics with the NRTL-SAC model successfully predicts asphaltene precipitation from crude oils upon blending with normal alkanes.
Opportunities for cross-layer design in high-performance computing systems with integrated silicon photonic networks

With the ever growing complexity of high-performance computing (HPC) systems to satisfy emerging application requirements (e.g., high memory bandwidth requirement for machine learning applications), the performance bottleneck in such systems has moved from being computation-centric to be more communication-centric. Silicon photonic interconnection networks have been proposed to address the aggressive communication requirements in HPC systems, to realize higher bandwidth, lower latency, and better energy efficiency. There have been many successful efforts on developing silicon photonic devices, integrated circuits, and architectures for HPC systems. Moreover, many efforts have been made to address and mitigate the impact of different challenges (e.g., fabrication process and thermal variations) in silicon photonic interconnects. However, most of these efforts have focused only on a single design layer in the system design space (e.g., device, circuit or architecture level). Therefore, there is often a gap between what a design technique can improve in one layer, and what it might impair in another one. In this paper, we discuss the promise of cross-layer design methodologies for HPC systems integrating silicon photonic interconnects. In particular, we discuss how such cross-layer design solutions based on cooperatively designing and exchanging design objectives among different system design layers can help achieve the best possible performance when integrating silicon photonics into HPC systems.
Deletion of a Peptidylprolyl Isomerase Gene Results in the Inability of Caldicellulosiruptor bescii To Grow on Crystalline Cellulose without Affecting Protein Glycosylation or Growth on Soluble Substrates.

ABSTRACT Caldicellulosiruptor bescii secretes a large number of complementary multifunctional enzymes with unique activities for biomass deconstruction. The most abundant enzymes in the C. bescii secretome are found in a unique gene cluster containing a glycosyl transferase (GT39) and a putative peptidyl prolyl cis-trans isomerase. Deletion of the glycosyl transferase in this cluster resulted in loss of detectable protein glycosylation in C. bescii, and its activity has been shown to be responsible for the glycosylation of the proline-threonine rich linkers found in many of the multifunctional cellulases. The presence of a putative peptidyl prolyl cis-trans isomerase within this gene cluster suggested that it might also play a role in cellulase modification. Here, we identify this gene as a putative prsA prolyl cis-trans isomerase. Deletion of prsA2 leads to the inability of C. bescii to grow on insoluble substrates such as Avicel, the model cellulose substrate, while exhibiting no differences in phenotype with the wild-type strain on soluble substrates. Finally, we provide evidence that the prsA2 gene is likely needed to increase solubility of multifunctional cellulases and that this unique gene cluster was likely acquired by members of the Caldicellulosiruptor genus with a group of genes to optimize the production and activity of multifunctional cellulases. IMPORTANCECaldicellulosiruptor has the ability to digest complex plant biomass without pretreatment and have been engineered to convert biomass, a sustainable, carbon neutral substrate, to fuels. Their strategy for deconstructing plant cell walls relies on an interesting class of cellulases consisting of multiple catalytic modules connected by linker regions and carbohydrate binding modules. The best studied of these enzymes, CelA, has a unique deconstruction mechanism. CelA is located in a cluster of genes that likely allows for optimal expression, secretion, and activity. One of the genes in this cluster is a putative isomerase that modifies the CelA protein. In higher eukaryotes, these isomerases are essential for the proper folding of glycoproteins in the endoplasmic reticulum, but little is known about the role of isomerization in cellulase activity. We show that the stability and activity of CelA is dependent on the activity of this isomerase.
Preparation of Montmorillonite by Two-step Intercalation and Its Effect on the Corrosion Resistance of Epoxy Coatings

Two- step intercalation montmorillonites were prepared with montmorillonites(MMTs) as raw material and firstly octadecylamine was used as an modifier to prepare organic MMTs and then 8-hydroxyquinoline as the inhibitor to treat organic MMTs. The MMTs were characterized by infrared spectra and X-ray diffraction. The results show that octadecylamine and 8-hydroxyquinoline have intercalated into the layer of MMTs, and the spacing of MMTs respectively enlarged from 1.17 nm to 1.57 nm and1.82 nm. The resultant MMTs enhanced significantly the corrosion resistance of the epoxy coating according to EIS results.
Can She Really Take the Family Farm? Proposed Changes to Classification of Inherited Property in Mississippi Divorce Proceedings

Is inherited property subject to equitable division in divorce proceedings? This is a question that the Mississippi appellate courts have long grappled with, and one that they are yet to decide on fully. The Mississippi Supreme Court and Court of Appeals have provided three separate and conflicting methods for deciding classification of inherited property in divorce proceedings: (1) all inherited property is separate; (2) inherited property is marital in nature if it is commingled between the spouses to the point ownership is indistinguishable; and (3) inherited property is marital in nature if it is subject to use by the spouses/family during the course of the marriage. These three conflicting methods provided by the appellate courts fail to provide coherent guidelines for trial courts. This has caused inconsistent and unpredictable holdings, considered on a case by case basis, and decided solely on judicial discretion rather than well founded principles of law. This article addresses each of Mississippi’s three current doctrines used to classify inherited property in divorce proceedings. It highlights the inconsistencies between the three, and discusses their strengths and shortcomings. The article then proposes a four-factor test that combines the existing precedents into one coherent method of classifying inherited property in divorce proceedings. The test first considers the non-inheriting spouse’s contribution to the upkeep and maintenance of the property. It then asks whether the property is the marital home. Next, the test considers whether commingling or familial use took place, and if so, to what extent. The final factor asks whether the inherited property constitutes more than half of the total marital estate. The article proposes that each factor constitute a point, and the inherited property be based on tallies from the four factors. This proposed factor test provides a clear and broadly applicable standard by which the state judiciary can consider all types of fact patterns and still have consistent, predictable, and equitable classifications of inherited property.
Signal Stability Studies with the Askaryan Under-Ice Radio Array

High energy astrophysical neutrinos are useful for understanding the origins of high energy cosmic rays, which have been a mystery for almost a century. Such neutrinos can be detected via coherent radio Cerenkov emission resulting from neutrino induced particle showers in ice. The Askaryan Under-Ice Radio Array (AURA) is an Antarctic test array of five detectors intended to study technology and analysis techniques for a future large scale radio Cherenkov neutrino array. One important input parameter for the design of such a future array is the radio frequency attenuation length in the Antarctic ice. In order to measure the ice’s radio frequency attenuation length, radio signals are broadcast from a transmitter and received at the AURA detectors; by comparing the signal strength observed in two different detectors, one can measure the attenuation length. We present a preliminary stability study of extracting power signals from AURA waveforms, in preparation for the radio frequency attenuation length measurement. We define a signal extraction algorithm then proceed to determine under what conditions and to what degree a reliable power signal can be extracted. Applying the algorithm, we demonstrate good linearity for large signals and perform a statistical uncertainty exercise.
Using context to detect underwater objects

In the absence of sufficient information about the identity of an object to detect it among other objects there is often extra information in the relationship between objects that can be exploited. This contextual information can help us to characterise the natural set of surrounding objects or even separate objects into different classes directly. Context is widely used to understand and characterise scenery. This paper introduces the use of context to detect underwater objects. Context has not previously been studied for complex sonar imagery and our aim is to design and test measures of context to demonstrate how it can help us to detect and/or identify "unauthorised" objects that are not part of the natural set of objects present in the imagery. This is motivated by some of the challenges that are faced in cluttered sonar environments, or when the objects to be detected are hidden or disguised, for which extra information can be decisive. (4 pages)
New Psychotherapies for Mood and Anxiety Disorders

Objective—To discuss psychotherapies for depression and anxiety that have emerged in recent years and to evaluate their current level of empirical support. Method—An electronic and a manual literature search of psychotherapies for mood and anxiety disorders were conducted. Results—Five new therapies for mood disorders and 3 interventions for posttraumatic stress disorder with co-occurring substance abuse met criteria for inclusion in this review. Fewer psychotherapies have been developed for other anxiety disorders. Although research for some of the psychotherapies has demonstrated superiority to usual care, none have firmly established efficacy or specific benefits over other established psychotherapies. Conclusions—A plurality of the new psychotherapies introduced and established in the past 5 years have been different assimilations of previously established cognitive-behavioural, interpersonal, or psychodynamic models. While initial results are promising for some, more rigorous efficacy trials and replications are necessary before conclusions can be drawn regarding their relative benefits.
Non-rigid motion and structure from contour

The elastic properties of real materials constrain the types of non-rigid motion that can occur. The authors show that by modeling and simulating the physics of non-rigid motion they can obtain good estimates of both object shape and velocity from contour data. The underlying model is based on the finite element method, and decouples the degrees of freedom by breaking down object motion into rigid and non-rigid vibration modes. Shape estimates are integrated over time by use of an extended Kalman filter, resulting in a stable estimate of both 3D shape and 3D velocity. Examples using X-ray imagery (of the heat) are presented. >
Positioning Multi-Country Brands: The Impact of Heterogeneity in Cultural Values and Competitive Set

We suggest and show that multi-country brands should position themselves consistently across markets more on those specific imagery attributes that are themselves more consistently valued across countries. Leveraging prior research, we first identify four life values that are relatively more equal in their cross-national importance (universalism, benevolence, self-direction, achievement) versus two that are not (hedonism and power), and link specific brand imagery attributes (e.g., traditional, energetic, independent, rugged) to these life values. Using an extensive proprietary field-data set on consumer perceptions and preferences from 22 countries on over 1,700 brands, we then show, in an attribute-level analysis, that greater global consistency of a brand’s image decreases brand attitudes if the specific image attribute is one of those that is not consistently desired worldwide. Importantly, the attitudinal impact of a multi-country brand’s positioning consistency is also moderated by the heterogeneity of the brand’s competitive set across its markets. Implications are discussed for global brand management theory and practice.
Vox Clamantis in Deserto: The Role of the Individual in Forging a Strong Duty to the Tax System

The United States is blessed with a prevailing social norm of high tax compliance. However, a number of strong forces are currently placing that norm in jeopardy. This essay reviews the process by which social norms change and the characteristics evidenced by “contagious” social norms. It then considers the important role individual action can plays in creating and maintaining a social norm of tax compliance and how individuals can be encouraged to embrace and propagate this norm. Particular emphasis is placed on 1) ways that a taxpaying social norm can be molded to make it more contagious among individuals and 2) the means of coopting important trendsetter groups into supporting the norm.
Hypothesized Link Between Glacial/Interglacial Atmospheric CO2 Cycles and Storage/Release of CO2‐Rich Fluids From Deep‐Sea Sediments

Abrupt Climate C Geophysical Mon Copyright 2011 b 10.1029/2010GM During the last glacial termination, the rise in atmospheric pCO2 was accompanied by a precipitous drop in surface ocean ΔC that cannot be explained by changes in C production alone and therefore appears to require a flux of Cdepleted carbon into the surface ocean. The magnitude of this ΔC excursion is hard to reconcile with an ocean-only mechanism of CO2 regulation. Here we explore the possibility that hydrothermal sources of CO2 contributed to glacial/ interglacial CO2 variability and to the Δ C variations during the last deglaciation. We hypothesize that as the ocean cooled during glaciations CO2-hydrate stability expanded upward to shallower depths and over a broader region of the seafloor, reducing the flux of C-depleted CO2 into the ocean from sediment reservoirs that blanket active vents throughout the ocean. Conversely, as the oceans warmed during deglaciation, the CO2-hydrate stability horizon deepened and caused a transient release of C-depleted CO2 from the sediment reservoirs. Using a transient glacial-interglacial simulation conducted with the Earth system model of LOVECLIM, we estimate that ~3°C temperature increase at intermediate water depths in the Pacific during the last deglaciation would have been large enough to lower the hydrate stability horizon by several hundred meters and significantly reduce the areal extent of seafloor where hydrate was stable. This hypothesis would explain why C ages of abyssal water masses were not anomalously old during the last glacial and why there was a large radiocarbon activity (ΔC) anomaly during the last deglaciation at intermediate (500–700 m) water depths.
Effect of vitamin A deficiency on the adhesion of rat corneal epithelium and the basement membrane complex.

PURPOSE To understand the underlying mechanisms responsible for the easy removal and sloughing of corneal epithelium in vitamin A deficiency. METHODS An animal model of vitamin A deficiency, the vitamin A-deficient rat (A-rat), transmission electron microscopy, computer-assisted morphometric analysis and indirect immunofluorescence were used to study the adhesion of rat corneal epithelium to its basement membrane with emphasis on structure and molecular composition of the anchoring structures such as the hemidesmosome and bullous pemphigoid antigen. RESULTS Transmission electron microscopy resolved numerous microseparations of the basal epithelial cell membrane from the basement membrane with intervening segmental basement membrane duplications and electron dense deposits. Morphometric analysis disclosed a statistically significant reduction in the frequency and size of hemidesmosomes. Four weeks after supplementing the diet with retinyl acetate (700 micrograms/week), significant reversal of these same structural abnormalities could be detected. Immunofluorescence staining for bullous pemphigoid antigen, a component of the adhesion complex, showed intense staining of the basal epithelial cytoplasm but weak and discontinuous staining of the basement membrane. Weak staining for laminin was also evident in A- corneas. In contrast, normal corneas displayed no cytoplasmic staining for bullous pemphigoid antigen and intense staining of the basement membrane for bullous pemphigoid antigen and laminin. CONCLUSIONS The authors propose that structural abnormalities of the epithelial basement membrane complex are responsible for the observed loose epithelial adhesion and sloughing, as well as other known abnormalities of healing in the vitamin A-deficient rat cornea.
Dune Morphology and Dynamics

Quartz sand dominates aeolian deposits in arid regions, as dust-sized particles are carried out of the desert entirely or are trapped by vegetation or rough surfaces on desert margins (Tsoar and Pye 1987). Most (>95%) sand occurs in accumulations known as sand seas or ergs (Wilson 1973) that comprise areas of dunes of varying morphological types and sizes as well as areas of sand sheets. Smaller dune areas are known informally as dunefields. Major sand seas occur in the old world deserts of the Sahara, Arabia, central Asia, Australia, and southern Africa, where sand seas cover between 20 and 45% of the area classified as arid (Fig. 18.1). In North and South America there are no large sand seas, and dunes cover less than 1% of the arid zone.
New and Revised Reporting Guidelines from the Committee on Hearing and Equilibrium

The new and revised reporting guidelines of the Committee on Hearing and Equilibrium published in this issue of the JOURNAL are the result of a great deal of thoughtful effort on the part of many people. During its deliberations the Committee took advantage of the knowledge and experience of Academy members, Committee members, audiologists, and colleagues around the world. The guidelines for hearing conservation in acoustic neuroma and for Meniere's disease were developed initially in the Subcommittees on Hearing and on Equilibrium, respectively. These personal comments are intended to expand upon and further explain the guidelines in order to encourage their implementation. The Committee on Hearing and Equilibrium set several goals: • To promote the use of scientific principles and clinical data in this area of otolaryngology; • To provide a set of standard guidelines that would facilitate the comparison of results between studies; and • To be consistent with existing Academy guidelines. In working toward these goals, the Committee on Hearing and Equilibrium worked to clarify and simplify as much as possible, to avoid being overly comprehensive or complex, and to offer flexibility in application. The intent of these guidelines was not to be exclusive or coercive but to encourage investigation by creating opportunities for new studies.
Photooxidation of wetland and riverine dissolved organic matter: altered copper complexation and organic composition

In natural waters, the uptake of transition metals such as copper (Cu) by aquatic biota depends on the activity of the free cupric ion ({Cu2+}) rather than on total Cu concentration. Thus, an important ecological function of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in aquatic ecosystems is Cu–DOM complexation, which greatly decreases the {Cu2+}. However, Cu bioavailability is greatly modified by source and environmental history of DOM because DOM affinity for Cu varies by orders of magnitude among DOM sources; moreover, DOM is photochemically unstable. During 72-h irradiation experiments at intensities approximating sunlight with DOM from a palustrine wetland and a third-order river, we investigated photooxidative effects on DOM complexation of Cu as well as spectral and chemical changes in DOM that might explain altered Cu complexation. Irradiation decreased Cu complexation by riverine DOM, but unexpectedly increased Cu complexation by wetland DOM, resulting in 150% greater {Cu2+} in riverine DOM at the same dissolved organic carbon concentrations. The specific ultraviolet absorption (SUVa) and humic substances tracked photochemical changes in the conditional stability constants of Cu–DOM complexes, suggesting that the aromaticity of DOM influences its affinity for Cu. Carbonyl concentration in 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectra (13C-NMR) covaried directly with Cu binding-site densities in DOM. However, no aspect of Cu–DOM complexation consistently covaried with fluorophores (i.e., the fluorescence index) or low molecular weight organic acids. Our results suggest that global increases in UV radiation will affect Cu–DOM complexation and subsequent Cu toxicity depending on light regime as well as DOM source.
A possible energy source to power stable auroral red arcs: Precipitating electrons

Results of coincident measurements by ground-based photometers and the low-altitude plasma instrument on board the Dynamics Explorer 2 satellite are presented that demonstrate the association of precipitating low-energy electrons with stable auroral red (SAR) arcs. A search of available data has yielded 23 instances of DE 2 overflights during the presence of SAR arcs being monitored by the photometers. For each case, downward fluxes of electrons are found to be enhanced along field lines penetrating the arcs in relation to regions both north and south of the features. Modeling of the atmospheric response to these influxes indicates that these electrons can represent a major source of the energy required to establish temperature profiles within the ionospheric electron gas that are sufficient to produce the recorded 6300-A emission rates. The sensitivity of these results to uncertainties of the assumed spacecraft potential and thermospheric composition has been investigated and found to be important, but does not alter the conclusion that precipitating electrons are a fundamental link in the production of SAR arcs.
Noncompact lattice formulation of gauge theories.

We expand the gauge field in terms of a suitably constructed complete set of Bloch wave functions, each labeled by a band designation {ital n} and a wave number {ital {rvec K}} restricted to the Brillouin zone. A noncompact formulation of lattice QCD (or QED) can be derived by restricting the expansion only to the zeroth-band ({ital n}=0) functions, which are simple continuum interpolations of discrete values associated with sites or links on a lattice. The exact continuum theory can be reached through the inclusion of all {ital n}=0 and {ital n}{ne}0 bands, without requiring the lattice size {ital l}{r_arrow}0. This makes it possible, at a nonzero {ital l}, for the lattice coupling {ital g}{sub {ital l}} to act as the renormalized continuum coupling. All physical results in the continuum are, of course, independent of {ital l}.
Millimeter wave standards at the National Bureau of Standards (NBS)

This paper describes briefly the standards and measurement systems that are maintained at NBS to provide calibration service in the ranges 26 to 40 GHz, 55 to 65 GHz, and at 95 GHz. The measurement systems range in degree of automation from manually tuned reflectometer and attenuation measurement systems to automated single and dual six-ports. Plans to complete the coverage of the range from 26 GHz to 75 GHz and to extend the range beyond 100 GHz are discussed.
Health care and nursing in Romania

Health care and the nursing profession have been affected dramatically by political and socio-economic conditions in Romania The Romanian Ministry of Health has recognized the health problems and barriers to care delivery which exist in the country, with several goals identified to improve the status of Romanian health care This paper explores the critical issues which have impacted on health care and nursing in Romania
Distributional patterns of sunfishes on the New Jersey coastal plain

Sunfishes of the genera Lepomis and Enneacanthus are characteristic inhabitants of quiet waters on the New Jersey coastal plain. In southern New Jersey, E. chaetodon and E. obesus are now almost totally restricted to the Pine Barrens region of the Outer Coastal Plain. In contrast, E. gloriosus is widely distributed. Lepomis gibbosus and L. macrochirus are also widespread, but have established few populations in the more acidic waters of the Pine Barrens. Factor analysis was used to determine underlying patterns of distribution among these 5 species, using 6 habitat variables, measured over 54 collection sites in New Jersey. Two general factors account for 41% of the distributional variation. Habitat variables most strongly associated with factor 1 suggest an underlying trophic gradient (dystrophy to eutrophy) with its associated species. Factor 2 suggests an underlying current-bottom gradient. The basis for the scarcity of Lepomis spp. from acidic waters was explored by examining the tolerance of recently hatched embryos to reduced pH. No increase in mortality was observed at pH 4.25 for L. gibbosus eleutheroembryos and pH 4.5 for L. macrochirus eleutheroembryos. The two species appear to be poorly suited to dystrophic habitats; young Lepomis are primarily planktivores, a dietary niche that is conspicuously reduced in dystrophic waters. Fish of the genus Enneacanthus glean invertebrates on substrate or vegetation, a behavior well suited for dystrophic habitats where most primary and secondary production is associated with aquatic macrophytes and substrate.
The RF Power System for the Chopper/Buncher System on the NBS-Los Alamos RTM

The rf power system and its closed-loop feedback control for the racetrack microtron (RTM) chopper/ buncher system are described. Measurements made on the response of the feedback system to external perturbations will also be reported.
Preferential and non-selective cyclooxygenase inhibitors reduce inflammation during lipopolysaccharide-induced synovitis.

Abstract Synovitis in horses is frequently treated by administration of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), which inhibit cyclooxygenase isoforms (COX-1 and COX-2). Constitutively expressed COX-1 is involved in physiologic functions such as maintenance of gastric mucosal integrity, whereas COX-2 is up-regulated at sites of inflammation. Thus, COX-2 inhibitors reduce inflammation with reduced gastrointestinal side effects as compared to non-selective COX inhibitors. The objective of the present study was to compare the anti-inflammatory effects of the preferential COX-2 inhibitor etodolac with the non-selective COX inhibitor phenylbutazone in horses with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced synovitis. Three groups of horses ( n = 6) received no treatment, phenylbutazone (4.4 mg/kg, IV, q12h), or etodolac (23 mg/kg, IV, q12h), respectively, 2-h following injection of LPS into one middle carpal joint. Synovial fluid was analyzed for white blood cell (WBC) count, and TXB 2 and PGE 2 levels. Phenylbutazone and etodolac significantly reduced WBC count 6 and 24-h following injection of LPS compared to untreated horses. In addition, both drugs significantly reduced PGE 2 levels ( P 2 was significantly reduced by phenylbutazone ( P
Educational Platforms, Teacher Selection, and School Reform: Issues Emanating from a Biographical Case Study

Teachers can become change agents, but only if they adhere to a social recon structionist perspective. Regrettably, most teacher education institutions, ar gues Barone, emphasize social adap tionism; that is, those matriculating through and graduating from "adap tionist" institutions favor methods that reproduce the educational status quo. Through an in-depth analysis of one stu dent's biography regarding how and why she became a teacher education student, the author argues for selection processes that enable the identification of progressivist ideals in teacher candi dates and the creation of programs that sustain those ideals through the initial phases of teaching.
Visual Search Processes and the Multivariate Point Symbol

This study reviews the major theories of visual search processes and applies some of their concepts to searching for multivariate point symbols in a map environment. The act of searching a map for information is a primary activity undertaken during map-reading. The complexity of this process will vary, of course, with symbol design and map content. Multivariate symbols, for example, will be more difficult to search for efficiently than univariate symbols. The purpose of this research was to examine the cognitive processes used by map readers when searching for multivariate point symbols on a map. The experiment used Chernoff Faces as the test symbol, and a symbol-detection task to assess how accurately and how efficiently target symbols composed of different combinations of facial features could be detected. Of particular interest was assessing the role that different combinations of symbol dimensions and different combinations of symbol parts played in moderating search efficiency. Subject reaction times and error rates were used to evaluate the efficiency of the searches. Results suggested all searches employed serial search processes, although feature searches (those in which a target symbol consists of a unique feature) were by far the easiest for subjects to complete. It was also demonstrated that hierarchical relationships could be manipulated within symbols to increase search efficiency for searches in which the target does not have a unique feature (conjunctive search).
Transient Absorption Study of Peridinin and Peridinin-Chlorophyll a-Protein after Two-Photon Excitation †

Two-photon excited pump−probe spectroscopy was carried out on the peridinin−chlorophyll a−protein complex (PCP) and on the peridinin molecule in methanol solution. Our data are consistent with earlier two-photon fluorescence excitation spectra1,2 and lead to the conclusion that, for peridinin in methanol solution, a separate two-photon-allowed transition exists just to the red of the strongly allowed S0 − S2(Bu+) band. In the PCP complex, two-photon excitation at 1150 nm can also be interpreted as preparing a new state. In both cases, the new state is most likely the S1(Ag-) state. It is not yet possible to conclude experimentally whether peridinin possesses a single low lying state with solvent dependent properties or two distinct states, the Ag- and the charge transfer states.
The proton hyperfine interaction in HC60, signature of a potential interstellar fullerene

Abstract HC 60 is probably present in interstellar space. Before radioastronomers can mount an effort to detect it, its proton hyperfine interaction must be determined in the laboratory with great accuracy. By reacting C 60 with H atoms we have observed the EPR spectrum of HC 60 in both liquid and solid phases. In solid neon at 4 K,the proton hyperfine interaction is slightly anisotropic, with a |=97.8 MHz and a ⊥ =91.0 MHz. The isotropic hyperfine interaction of 93 MHz agrees with that obtained in liquid benzene, and is 10% smaller than calculated from the muonium hyperfine interaction in MuC 60 . The origin of this discreapancy is discussed.
Nonholonomic mechanics and control

Introduction.- Mathematical Preliminaries.- Basic Concepts in Geometric Mechanics.- Introduction to Aspects of Geometric Control Theory.- Nonholonomic Mechanics.- Control of Mechanical and Nonholonomic Systems.- Optimal Control.- Stability of Nonholonomic Systems.- Energy-Based Methods for Stabilization.- References.- Index.
String Teachers' Diagnostic Skills and Their Students' Performance Competencies:

In this study, I investigated the relationship between the diagnostic skills of string teachers and the performance competencies of their students in simple detache violin bowing. Twenty-two string teachers took a video violin-bowing diagnostic skills test. Three students of each teacher were randomly selected and their violin bowing skills were rated. Data revealed no significant correlation between the diagnostic test scores of the teachers and the performance ratings of their students. In addition, teachers rated the influence of 22 different factors on the development of the performance competencies of their students.
THE STRUCTURE OF WATER ON HCL SOLUTIONS STUDIED WITH SUM FREQUENCY GENERATION

Abstract The influence of dissolved HCl on the surface of water has been investigated with sum frequency generation (SFG) spectroscopy. Ions in solution cause water on the surface to be reoriented relative to pure water, with hydrogen atoms directed toward the bulk solution. There is no signal due to molecular HCl suggesting that oriented water molecules, not molecular HCl, dominate the surface. A model is proposed to account for the reported SFG results as well as surface tension and surface potential measurements. The result suggests that application of the Gibbs equation to determine surface excess may need to be reevaluated.
A new species of Townsendia (Asteraceae) from northern Arizona

Townsendia smithii, from northwestern Arizona, is described, illustrated and contrasted with other Arizona species in a key.
A search for site-filling ligands in the Mcg Bence-Jones dimer: crystal binding studies of fluorescent compounds.

Abstract In trigonal crystals grown in 1.9 M ammonium sulfate buffered at pH 6.2, the Mcg light-chain (Bence-Jones) dimer has a highly aromatic binding cavity accessible to a wide range of hydrophobic and aromatic ligands. A search was made for site-filling ligands by diffusing compounds into the crystals and determining their locations, orientations and relative occupancies by difference Fourier analysis at 2.7-A resolution. 1-Anilinonaphthalene-8-sulfonate, a small ligand in comparison with the rest of the series, initially occupied a site in the main binding cavity. With time, however, this ligand changed its position to the deep binding pocket beyond the floor of the main cavity. The original binding site remained vacant, despite the presence of a large excess of ligand in the soaking solution. Ligands increasing in size from fluorescein to bis(N-methyl)acridine (lucigenin) to dimers of carboxytetramethylrhodamine were found to bind with stringent stereospecificity in the main cavity, but the mode of binding was different in each case. The dimer of the 6-isomer of carboxytetramethylrhodamine, in which the two carboxyl groups are in para positions on the phenyl moiety, proved to be an effective site-filling ligand. The differences in the binding properties of dimers of 5- and 6-carboxytetramethylrhodamine led to an explanation for isomeric discrimination in the binding site. There were extensive conformational changes in the binding cavity to accommodate the ligands, particularly 6-carboxytetramethylrhodamine. The second and third hyper-variable loops proved very flexible, and moved in ways to expand the binding site. The side chains of key tyrosine and phenylalanine residues in the site were also highly mobile. Their orientations adjusted to optimize complementarity with the ligands. These conformational adjustments are consistent with the tenets of a limited neo-instructive theory of ligand binding.
A simulation study of the effect of phase-shift on dual gated myocardial perfusion ECT

We evaluated the effect of relative phase-shift of cardiac and respiratory (C&R) motions in myocardial perfusion (MP) ECT. Previously, we generated a set of realistic 3D XCAT (eXtended CArdiac Torso) phantoms that model simultaneous C&R motions for use in the study of new data acquisition methods and corrective image reconstruction techniques for improved gated MP ECT, including PET and SPECT. The respiratory motion (RM) over a respiration cycle was modeled using 24 equally-spaced time frames while the cardiac beating motion (CBM) over a cardiac cycle was divided into 48 equally-spaced time frames for each of the 24 RM phases. Almost noise-free projection datasets were generated separately from the heart, blood pool, lungs, liver, kidneys, stomach, gall bladder and remaining body at each of the 24×48 time points using Monte Carlo simulation techniques that include the effect of collimator detector response, photon attenuation and scatter. To demonstrate the effect of relative phase-shift, a typical 99mTc Sestamibi MP SPECT projection dataset were generated. They were then scaled and combined to model different degrees of relative C&R phase shifting and grouped into 6 respiratory-gates with 8 cardiac-gates. Each projection was reconstructed using a 3D OS-EM without and with attenuation correction using an averaged and phase-mismatched gated attenuation maps. The image artifacts of the reconstructed images were compared by visual inspection of the MP polar maps. The results showed significant changes of artifactual non-uniformity in the polar maps for off-phase of RM compared to those of CBM. The changes in the polar maps also demonstrated the effect of phase shifting accordingly. We conclude that the 4D XCAT phantom dataset with simultaneous C&R motions provides a powerful tool in the study of the effects of C&R motions with relative phase shifts, and development of C&R gating schemes and motion correction methods for improved ECT/CT imaging.
Design and Optimization of Compact Microscale Electrophoretic Separation Systems

The ability to manipulate and synthesize chemical species on microchip devices provides access to a new and exciting field. These technologies have several advantages throughout the industrial and scientific communities, especially in the emerging areas of biomedical engineering and the life sciences. Recent advances in microscale mixing, reaction, separation, and fluid handling have opened new areas in which process systems engineering techniques can be applied. Here we discuss our initial efforts at creating automatic synthesis methods for the design of microchip-based electrophoretic separation systems that occupy minimal areas. We use piecewise algebraic and logic models to compare the conflicting design goals of maximum system performance and minimum device area. We have implemented both heuristic and numerical optimization design techniques. The long-term goal of our work is the development of methodologies for the design of complete lab-on-a-chip devices.
Observation of solvatochromism in CdSe colloidal quantum dots

We report solvatochromatic shifts in the absorption spectra of colloidal CdSe quantum dots that are consistent with the change in polarization energy of the quantum-confined exciton. Good agreement with theory is found when the screening from the ligand shell is included. The polarization energy also accounts for the spectral shift between dilute dispersions and close-packed quantum dot solids. Experiments with pure and mixed-size quantum dot solids suggest that solvatochromism dominates the redshift observed with quantum dot (2--6-nm diameter) solids.