cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A comparison of the periphyton of Nuphar lutea and Nymphaea alba

The periphyton of Nuphar lutea (L.) Sm. and Nymphaea alba L., the dominating species of the vegetation of an old branch of the River Waal near Nijmegen, was studied from May until October 1981. The study evaluated the influence of the architecture of nymphaeid plants on the periphyton-composition of different plant parts. In particular the composition of the epiphytic diatom-flora was studied. The first part of this study consisted of analyses of the diatoms present on the underside of healthy looking floating leaves of both species. For this purpose, leaves with a distinct visible horizontal zonation were collected. Although light could be expected to be an important factor affecting the distribution of diatoms on the underside of floating leaves, the results of the analyses indicated that the period, during which the particular leaf-area becomes exposed to be surrounding water, is most important. The spatial differences in the studied area were not determined by their position but they reflect the differences in time of colonization, which are sufficient to explain the differences in the various diatom populations. Differences in the diatom flora between the floating leaves of the two nymphaeid species could not be detected.
A systematic comparison of three sadism measures and their ability to explain workplace mistreatment over and above the dark triad

Abstract The present study investigated a potential antecedent of workplace mistreatment, sadism, which represents the dispositional tendency to engage in cruel, demeaning, or harmful behavior for dominance or pleasure. Time-lagged data from 379 Amazon Mechanical Turk workers showed that sadism positively predicted interpersonal deviance, instigated incivility, and cyberbullying frequency above and beyond the dark triad. Moreover, relative weight analyses consistently identified sadism as the most important predictor of workplace mistreatment compared to other dark triad predictors. This study also sought to identify possible differences among three popular sadism scales. The three scales were interchangeable in terms of predicting the outcomes. Confirmatory factor analyses and differential item functioning analyses both revealed, however, that only the SSIS was invariant across sex groups.
Biliary palliation for unresectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma: surgical bypass or self-expanding metal stent?

Abstract Background Standard of care guidelines endorse self-expanding metal stents (SEMS) rather than open surgical biliary bypass (OSBB) for biliary palliation in the setting of unresectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). This study used competing risk analysis to compare short- and long-term morbidity and overall survival among patients undergoing SEMS or OSBB after unresectable or metastatic disease is identified at the time of exploration. Methods Single institution retrospective cohort study (n = 127) evaluating outcomes after OSBB and SEMS for biliary palliation in patients found to have unresectable PDAC at exploration. Short-term, long-term, and lifetime risk of biliary occlusion and survival were compared after adjustment for stage and comprehensive complication index (CCI). Results Baseline demographics and tumor characteristics were equivalent between cohorts. Short-term complications were more frequent after OSBB, whereas late complications were greater after SEMS. The cumulative incidence of recurrent biliary obstruction was greater after SEMS, but lifetime complication burden and median survival were equivalent. Conclusion OSBB was associated with longer hospital stays and more short-term complications, and SEMS was associated with a higher risk of recurrent biliary obstruction among surgical patients with unresectable PDAC. Patient preference should be defined pre-operatively in the case the unresectable disease is encountered during attempted resection.
Hematologic Effects of Alcohol

A bewildering variety of hematologic syndromes has been described in chronic alcoholics. In the past they have often been attributed to acute and chronic liver disease, malnutrition, or chronic infection; more recently it has been recognized that alcohol ingestion itself may have hematologic consequences, either in the presence or absence of associated nutritional deficiency states. The hematologic manifestations have been typically transient, usually presenting at the time of admission to the hospital or developing within a few days, with a subsequent return to normal with or without specific therapy. Often multiple hematologic syndromes occur simultaneously in a single patient. The cause of a number of the hematologic changes is still obscure, but in several instances reproduction of the syndromes by experimental ethanol administration to human volunteers has allowed better definition of their pathogenesis. In this chapter several hematologic abnormalities which have been definitely shown to be induced by alcohol ingestion are discussed in detail and brief consideration will be given to others in which ethanol has not yet been implicated with certainty. Our current understanding, as of January 1972, the time of writing of this review, of alcohol-related abnormalities of red blood cells, platelets, and granulocytes will be presented in that order.
Rationally designed phenanthrene derivatized triazole as a dual chemosensor for fluoride and copper recognition.

Abstract A 1,2,3-triazole chemosensor containing phenanthrene and phenol moieties (PhTP) was efficiently synthesized via copper (I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition, “click chemistry”. PhTP is a dual analyte sensor for fluoride and copper (II) ions in homogeneous medium. Deprotonation of the phenolic OH proton by the fluoride ion is responsible for a change in fluorescence color from blue (PhTP) to yellowish-orange (PhTP-fluoride adduct), while a charge transfer between the triazole nitrogen of the chemosensor and Cu2+ revealed a turn-off fluorescence output. The detection capability of PhTP was analyzed with a series of anions (F−, Cl−, Br−, I−, H2PO4−, ClO4−, OAc−, BF4−) and cations (Fe3+, Fe2+, Cu2+, Ag+, Cr3+, Al3+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cd2+, Zn2+). With anions, competitive fluorescence responses under UV lamp were observed for acetate and dihydrogen phosphate anions, but maximum response from fluoride ion was substantiated from steady state absorption and fluorescence experiments. With cations, PhTP displayed a selective and sensitive recognition towards Cu2+ ion through spectral modulation in absorption spectroscopy and a turn-off fluorescence response. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic titration studies supported the results obtained through photophysical studies and provided evidence for the ion-binding sites on the probe.
Pre-service early childhood educators’ perceived barriers and supports to nutrition education

Barriers and supports to nutrition education in the early childhood classroom are most often presented from in-service teachers’ perspective. Little work has been done to understand pre-service ear...
Chapter 5 – Applications of Higher Order Differential Equations

In Chapter 4, we discussed several techniques for solving higher order differential equations. In this chapter, we illustrate how those methods can be used to solve some initial-value problems (IVPs) that model physical situations.
Mobile Kunden mit ortsbezogenen Nachrichten bewerben

Unsere Welt ist mobil. Wir nutzen Smartphones und Tablets, um jederzeit und uberall informiert und erreichbar zu sein. Ortsbezogene Informationen und Ereignisse spielen daher zwangslaufig eine wichtige Rolle in unserem Leben. Ein Tourist will beispielsweise uber Sehenswurdigkeiten in seiner Nahe informiert werden. Verkehrsteilnehmer wollen benachrichtigt werden, sobald sie sich einem Stau nahern. Vor allem Kunden mochten masgeschneiderte Angebote erhalten, sobald sie sich einem Geschaft nahern oder eines betreten. Insbesondere der letzte Anwendungsfall ist noch recht neu und durch die aktuellen technologischen Entwicklungen uberhaupt erst realisierbar geworden. Dieser Beitrag soll darstellen, wie ortsbezogene Werbung funktioniert, wie sie sich in das Marketing eines Unternehmens integrieren lasst, wie man in die Kampagnenplanung weitere Parameter wie beispielsweise die regionale Verteilung von Kaufkraft einbeziehen kann und welchen Nutzen das Unternehmen hieraus ziehen kann. Insbesondere die Chancen, die diese Technologie bietet, um die Konsumentenwieder mehr in den stationaren Handel zuruck zu bringen, werden nachfolgend beleuchtet.
Case Series: Evidence of Borderzone Ischemia in Critically-Ill COVID-19 Patients Who “Do Not Wake Up”

This article describes the clinical course, radiological findings, and outcome of two patients with the novel 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) who remained comatose for a prolonged duration following discontinuation of all sedation. These two male patients, one aged 59-years and another aged 53-years, both with a history of hypertension and neurologically intact on admission, developed worsening COVID-19 associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Both required benzodiazepine, opioid, neuromuscular blockade, therapeutic anticoagulation, and vasopressor infusions in addition to renal replacement therapy. Echocardiography demonstrated normal chamber size and systolic function in both cases. Each patient demonstrated only trace flexion to pain 7-10 days following discontinuation of all sedation. Magnetic Resonance Imaging on both patients demonstrated multifocal lesions on diffusion weighted imaging with apparent diffusion coefficient correlate in bilateral middle/anterior cerebral artery borderzones, and no large-vessel occlusion or severe stenosis. In both patients, continuous electroencephalography demonstrated no seizures. Neither patient had any documented period of sustained hypotension (mean arterial pressure <60 mmHg) or hypoxia (SpO2 <90%). Ninety days following initial presentation, the 59-years-old man was oriented, with fluent speech and able to ambulate with assistance, while the other 53-years-old man was at home and independent, undertaking the basic activities required by daily living. We conclude that critically-ill COVID-19 patients with prolonged coma following sedation discontinuation may demonstrate imaging features of ischemic injury in borderzone regions despite the absence of documented sustained hypotension or hypoxia. However, substantial neurological recovery is possible despite these findings.
SURVIVORS: Archiving the history of bulletin board systems and the AIDS crisis

The history of the Internet and the history of the HIV/AIDS crisis are fundamentally intertwined. Because of the precarious nature of primary early Internet materials, however, documentation that reflects this relationship is limited. Here, we present and analyse an important document that offers considerable insight in this area: a full printout of the bulletin board system (BBS) discussion group “SURVIVORS.” Run by David Charnow, SURVIVORS operated as an “electronic support group” for members living with HIV/AIDS from 1987 to 1990. These dates represent a period of overlap between both the AIDS crisis in America and the use of BBSs as a predecessor to contemporary Internet technologies. The contents of SURVIVORS were printed by Charnow before his death in 1990 and later donated to the ONE National Gay and Lesbian Archives. Through our discussion of these documents, we articulate the striking relationship between the SURVIVORS printout as a material document that preserves a digital past and the lives of those whose stories are contained within the printout. We argue that it is not only the content but indeed the precarious, shifting media format of the SURVIVORS printout, born digital and now preserved on paper, that gives it its meaning. Thirty years after his death, Charnow’s printout of SURVIVORS keeps a critical piece of the interrelated histories of HIV/AIDS and the Internet alive, while also raising valuable questions about the archiving of these histories.
Evaluating the Highest- and Lowest-cited Research Articles in the Cardiothoracic Surgery Literature.

Abstract Background Understanding the differences between articles that amass a high number of citations and those that receive very few allows investigators to write journal articles that maximize the impact of their research. There are minimal data regarding these two cohorts in the cardiothoracic surgery literature. Methods We identified all primary research articles from 1998 to 2008 from The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The Journal of Cardiac Surgery, The Annals of Thoracic Surgery, and The European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (n = 4276). Eighty-seven of these articles accrued 0 or only 1 citation within 10 y of publication. We compared this “low citation” cohort to the “high citation” cohort made up of the 87 highest-cited articles from the same journals over the same time period. Results When compared with the low-citation articles, high-citation articles were significantly more likely to be clinical in nature (P Conclusions This review suggests that there are several important distinguishing characteristics that should be considered by investigators when designing and implementing cardiothoracic research studies to maximize the impact of their published research.
Joint Estimation of User And Publisher Credibility for Fake News Detection

Fast propagation, ease-of-access, and low cost have made social media an increasingly popular means for news consumption. However, this has also led to an increase in the preponderance of fake news. Widespread propagation of fake news can be detrimental to society, and this has created enormous interest in fake news detection on social media. Many approaches to fake news detection use the news content, social context, or both. In this work, we look at fake news detection as a problem of estimating the credibility of both the news publishers and users that propagate news articles. We introduce a new approach called the credibility score-based model that can jointly infer fake news and credibility scores for publishers and users. We use a state-of-the-art statistical relational learning framework called probabilistic soft logic to perform this joint inference effectively. We show that our approach is accurate at both fake news detection and inferring credibility scores. Further, our model can easily integrate any auxiliary information that can aid in fake news detection. Using the FakeNewsNet dataset, we show that our approach significantly outperforms previous approaches at fake news detection by up to 10% in recall and 4% in accuracy. Furthermore, the credibility scores learned for both publishers and users are representative of their true behavior.
Modeling housing recovery after the 2018 Lombok earthquakes using a stochastic queuing model

Post-earthquake housing recovery monitoring is necessary, especially since the housing sector usually represents 50 percent of the total monetary disaster loss. However, very scarce recovery data, ...
The DBL-1/TGF-β signaling pathway regulates pathogen-specific innate immune responses in C. elegans

Innate immunity in animals is orchestrated by multiple cell signaling pathways, including the TGF-{beta} superfamily pathway. While the role of TGF-{beta} signaling in innate immunity has been clearly identified, the requirement for this pathway in generating specific, robust responses to different bacterial challenges has not been characterized. Here, we address the role of DBL-1/TGF-{beta} in regulating signature host defense responses to a wide range of bacteria in C. elegans. This work reveals a role of DBL-1/TGF-{beta} in animal survival, organismal behaviors, and molecular responses in different environments. Additionally, we identify a novel role for SMA-4/Smad that suggests both DBL-1/TGF-{beta}-dependent and -independent functions in host avoidance responses. RNA-seq analyses and immunity reporter studies indicate DBL-1/TGF-{beta} differentially regulates target gene expression upon exposure to different bacteria. Furthermore, the DBL-1/TGF-{beta} pathway is itself differentially affected by the bacteria exposure. Collectively, these findings demonstrate bacteria-specific host immune responses regulated by the DBL-1/TGF-{beta} signaling pathway.
Diagnosis of recurrent venous thromboembolism

A correct diagnosis of recurrent venous thromboembolism (VTE) is essential as patients diagnosed with a recurrence are mostly treated with lifelong anticoagulant treatment. However, the diagnosis of recurrent VTE is complex as routine diagnostic tests for suspected VTE are less accurate in patients without a prior VTE. Clinical decision rules (CDR) and D-dimer tests have a lower specificity in suspected recurrent VTE, leading to an increase in required diagnostic imaging tests. In contrast to suspected recurrent pulmonary embolism (PE), the safety of a CDR and D-dimer test in excluding recurrent deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is debated. A CDR in combination with D-dimer testing followed by computed tomography pulmonary angiography is the preferred diagnostic management for suspected recurrent PE. In suspected recurrent DVT, compression ultrasonography is the imaging technique of choice and in case of a suspected recurrent ipsilateral DVT and an inconclusive ultrasonography, magnetic resonance direct thrombus imaging is decisive.
COVID-19 and the Political Framing of China, Nationalism, and Borders in the U.S. and South Korean News Media

Using an inductive framing analysis of news coverage, we examine how the most popular liberal and conservative news media in the United States and South Korea mobilize different nationalist narrati...
The impact of family visitor restrictions on healthcare workers in the ICU during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Abstract Purpose To obtain information on how family visitor restriction during the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the workplace experience of physicians and nurses in the medical intensive care unit, and to assess differences by profession. Materials and methods We developed a survey containing closed- and open-ended questions, applying both quantitative and qualitative analyses to our results. Results Of the 74 respondents, 29 (38%) were nurses and 45 (62%) were physicians. Nurses reported positive changes to daily workflow and the ability to provide medical care, while physicians reported negative changes in these areas. Both groups reported decreased comprehension and increased distress among families, and decreased ability to provide end-of-life care. For the qualitative analysis, eight themes were identified: the patient’s room as space, creation of a new space through virtual communication, time, increased complexity of care, challenges around the use of technology, adjustments to team roles and responsibilities, desire for families to return, and internal tension. Conclusion Intensive care physicians and nurses reported both positive and negative effects of family visitor restriction during the COVID-19 pandemic, with significant differences based on profession. Both groups expressed concern for an overall negative impact of visitor restriction on healthcare workers, patients, and their families.
Layered Feedback Control Overcomes Performance Trade-off in Synthetic Biomolecular Networks

Layered feedback is an optimization strategy in feedback control designs widely used in electrical and mechanical engineering. Layered control theory suggests that the performance of controllers is bound by the universal robustness-efficiency trade-off limit, which could be overcome by layering two or more feedbacks together. In natural biological networks, genes are often regulated with redundancy and layering to adapt to environmental perturbations. Control theory hypothesizes that this layering architecture is also adopted by nature to overcome this performance trade-off. In this work, we validated this property of layered control with a synthetic network in living E.coli cells. We performed system analysis on a node-based design to confirm the trade-off properties before proceeding to simulations with an effective mechanistic model, which guided us to the best performing design to engineer in cells. Finally, we interrogated its system dynamics experimentally with eight sets of perturbations on chemical signals, nutrient abundance, and growth temperature. For all cases, we consistently observed that the layered control overcomes the robustness-efficiency trade-off limit. This work experimentally confirmed that layered control could be adopted in synthetic biomolecular networks as a performance optimization strategy. It also provided insights in understanding genetic feedback control architectures in nature. O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=79 SRC="FIGDIR/small/459953v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1"> View larger version (11K): org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@a9b869org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@8a1bcaorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1269207org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@13d4ac8_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP M_FIG C_FIG
Corrosion behavior of ZrTiCuNiBe bulk metallic glass subjected to friction stir processing

Abstract The corrosion behavior of a Zirconium-based bulk metallic glass subjected to friction stir processing was evaluated. Processing was done at the tool rotational speeds of 300 rpm, 500 rpm and 900 rpm. Potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy studies were carried out in 0.1 M NaCl solution. A strong correlation was found between the corrosion rate and enthalpy of structural relaxation, which is a measure of free volume. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements showed lower polarization resistance for processed samples as compared to as-cast metallic glass which is consistent with the DC polarization results. Shear bands in processed specimens were found to be preferred nucleation sites for the formation of corrosion pits. In contrast, pitting was more stochastic for the as-cast metallic glass.
Bayesian experimental design for identification of model propositions and conceptual model uncertainty reduction

Abstract The lack of hydrogeological data and knowledge often results in different propositions (or alternatives) to represent uncertain model components and creates many candidate groundwater models using the same data. Uncertainty of groundwater head prediction may become unnecessarily high. This study introduces an experimental design to identify propositions in each uncertain model component and decrease the prediction uncertainty by reducing conceptual model uncertainty. A discrimination criterion is developed based on posterior model probability that directly uses data to evaluate model importance. Bayesian model averaging (BMA) is used to predict future observation data. The experimental design aims to find the optimal number and location of future observations and the number of sampling rounds such that the desired discrimination criterion is met. Hierarchical Bayesian model averaging (HBMA) is adopted to assess if highly probable propositions can be identified and the conceptual model uncertainty can be reduced by the experimental design. The experimental design is implemented to a groundwater study in the Baton Rouge area, Louisiana. We design a new groundwater head observation network based on existing USGS observation wells. The sources of uncertainty that create multiple groundwater models are geological architecture, boundary condition, and fault permeability architecture. All possible design solutions are enumerated using a multi-core supercomputer. Several design solutions are found to achieve an 80%-identifiable groundwater model in 5 years by using six or more existing USGS wells. The HBMA result shows that each highly probable proposition can be identified for each uncertain model component once the discrimination criterion is achieved. The variances of groundwater head predictions are significantly decreased by reducing posterior model probabilities of unimportant propositions.
Religious Rhetoric and Satire: Investigating the Comic and Burlesque Frames Within The Big Bang Theory

We suggest The Big Bang Theory television program uses satire, comedy, burlesque, and even intertextual references to offer its perspectives on the “geeky” world of brilliant scientists (and their friends), how they cope with popular culture, and religious and spiritual worldviews. More specifically, based on expanded notions of the comic and burlesque frames (Burke, 1961; Appel, 1996) we analyze examples of “religious/spiritual” counter-publics demonstrated in the following characters: Sheldon Cooper, Mary Cooper, Howard Wolowitz, Rajesh Koothrappali, Leonard Hofstader, Penny, Amy Farrah Fowler, and Bernadette Rostenkowski-Wolowitz. Applying the Burkean/Appelian notions of the comic frame to a popular culture television show reveals the robust qualities and ever-evolving theoretical applications from rhetoric's rich historical legacy. Rhetorically, The Big Bang Theory presents a mixed but ultimately respectful attitude toward religion and its important role in human development.
An ultrasonically powered implantable micro-light source for localized photodynamic therapy

In this work, we introduce an ultrasonically powered light source which can provide in situ localized light for photodynamic therapy. The implants are 2×2×2 mm3 and 2×4×2 mm3 in dimensions and consist of two red LEDs mounted on a piezoelectric energy source. Such device is small enough to be easily implanted inside solid tumors using a biopsy needle. In vitro light intensity measurements show an output power density of 48 µW/cm2 from the 2×2×2 mm3 and 1.1 mW/cm2 from the 2×4×2 mm3 light source. The results indicate that implanting multiple sources and powering them for 1 hour can provide optimal energy for localized photodynamic therapy.
From the restricted to the full three–body problem

The three–body problem with all the classical integrals fixed and all the symmetries removed is called the reduced three–body problem. We use the methods of symplectic scaling and reduction to show that the reduced planar or spatial three–body problem with one small mass is to the first approximation the product of the restricted three–body problem and a harmonic oscillator. This allows us to prove that many of the known results for the restricted problem have generalizations for the reduced three–body problem. For example, all the non–degenerate periodic solutions, generic bifurcations, Hamiltonian–Hopf bifurcations, bridges and natural centers known to exist in the restricted problem can be continued into the reduced three–body problem. The classic normalization calculations of Deprit and Deprit–Bartholome show that there are two-dimensional KAM invariant tori near the Lagrange point in the restricted problem. With the above result this proves that there are three–dimensional KAM invariant tori near the Lagrange point in the reduced three–body problem.
Treatment Regimen and Childhood Asthma: Implications for the Income Gradient in Health

Using data from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, this study finds a strong income gradient in preventive medication use among children with asthma. Further examination reveals the source of the gradient to be newly diagnosed children. Part of the gradient among newly diagnosed children is explained by poor children's increased reliance on the emergency department as a site of care and their reduced frequency of contact with a doctor. While gaps in insurance and the length and irregularity of parental time spent at work reduce the likelihood of preventive medication use, these factors do not account for the income gradient among newly diagnosed children. Initial mismanagement of asthma by poor parents and/or the emergency department staff is a potentially important mechanism through which asthma erodes the health of poor children more than rich children.
Upper limit of serum ferritin: misinterpretation of the 2006 KDOQI anemia guidelines.

Intravenous iron treatment in hemodialysis patients improves response to recombinant human erythropoietin and facilitates achievement of targets for hemoglobin and hematocrit. Excessive treatment, however, could expose patients to risks related to iron overload and oxidative stress. Therefore, international treatment guidelines generally recommend that intravenous (i.v.) iron be discontinued when serum ferritin is >500–1000 ng/ml. In the current review, relevant issues that inform decisions as to what levels of serum ferritin should be used as the upper limit for treatment are considered. A conclusion is reached that the current published literature is inadequate for developing evidence-based guidelines on this issue. Instead, clinical judgment is critical to properly weigh risks and benefits of i.v. iron treatment, and to determine whether iron treatment is appropriate for a given patient with higher levels of iron tests.
Role of subunits of 60 to 70S avian tumor virus ribonucleic acid in its template activity for the viral deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase.

Abstract Heating the 60 to 70S ribonucleic acid (RNA) of Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) destroys both its subunit structure and its high template activity for RSV deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) polymerase. In comparative analyses, it was found that the template activity of the RNA has a thermal transition of 70 C, whereas the 60 to 70S structure dissociates into 30 to 40S and several distinct small subunits with a Tm of 55 C. Analysis by velocity sedimentation and isopycnic centrifugation of the primary DNA product obtained by incubation of 60 to 70S RSV RNA with RSV DNA polymerase indicated that most, but perhaps not all, DNA was linked to small (<10S) RSV RNA primer. Sixty percent of the high template activity of 60 to 70S RSV RNA lost after heat dissociation could be recovered by incubation of the total RNA under annealing conditions. The template activity of purified 30 to 40S subunits isolated from 60 to 70S RSV RNA was not enhanced significantly by annealing. However, in the presence of small (<10S) subunits also isolated from 60 to 70S RNA, the template activity of 30 to 40S RNA subunits was increased to the same level as that of reannealed total 60 to 70S RNA. It was concluded that neither the 30 to 40S subunits nor most of the 4S subunits of 60 to 70S RSV RNA contribute much as primers to the template activity of 60 to 70S RSV RNA. The predominant primer molecule appears to be a minor component of the <10S subunit fraction of 60 to 70S RSV RNA. Its electrophoretic mobility is similar to, and its dissociation temperature from 60 to 70S RSV RNA is higher than that of the bulk of 60 to 70S RSV RNA-associated 4S RNA. The role of primers in DNA synthesis by RSV DNA polymerase is discussed.
Portrait of the Artist

The Art and Politics of Science . By Harold Varmus . Norton, New York, 2009. 337 pp. $24.95, C$27.50. ISBN 9780393061284.
Face[book] Management: Self-Presentation of Political Views on Social Media

This study explores Facebook users’ management behaviors related to their—and their friends'—political communication via social media, utilizing the concepts of context collapse and self-presentation. A new two-factor measure of Facebook management was developed, pilot tested (N = 139) and implemented in a survey utilizing a national sample (N = 352) of individuals aged 18–29. Results indicated Facebook users are not generally engaging in the strategic management of political disclosures or the political content to which they are exposed. However, as network sizes increase, participants engage in more disclosure behaviors and make greater efforts to manage content exposure. Additionally, participants with strong political beliefs engage in more Facebook management behaviors, possibly indicating an effort to limit cognitive dissonance.
Bobtail: avoiding long tails in the cloud

Highly modular data center applications such as Bing, Facebook, and Amazon's retail platform are known to be susceptible to long tails in response times. Services such as Amazon's EC2 have proven attractive platforms for building similar applications. Unfortunately, virtualization used in such platforms exacerbates the long tail problem by factors of two to four. Surprisingly, we find that poor response times in EC2 are a property of nodes rather than the network, and that this property of nodes is both pervasive throughout EC2 and persistent over time. The root cause of this problem is co-scheduling of CPU-bound and latency-sensitive tasks. We leverage these observations in Bobtail, a system that proactively detects and avoids these bad neighboring VMs without significantly penalizing node instantiation. With Bobtail, common communication patterns benefit from reductions of up to 40% in 99.9th percentile response times.
Enduring Inequities, Imagined Futures--Circulating Policy Discourses and Dilemmas in the Anthropology of Education.

This article is a slightly revised version of the CAE Presidential Address delivered at the Annual Meeting of the American Anthropological Association in New Orleans, LA on November 20, 2010. The address inaugurated a CAE program change in which a full evening session was devoted to the talk, including commentaries by Hugh Mehan and Sofia Villenas, and followed by a lively discussion among all those present. [anthropology of education policy, education equity, crisis narratives, “culture of poverty”]
Factors Affecting Comparative Resistance of Naturally Occurring and Subcultured Pseudomonas aeruginosa to Disinfectants

A strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was isolated in pure culture from the reservoir of a hospital mist therapy unit by an extinction-dilution technique; its natural distilled water environment was used as a growth and maintenance medium. After a single subculture on Trypticase soy agar, the strain showed a marked decrease in resistance to inactivation by acetic acid, glutaraldehyde, chlorine dioxide, and a quaternary ammonium compound when compared with naturally occurring cells grown in mist therapy unit water. The following factors were observed to affect the relative resistances of naturally occurring and subcultured cells of the P. aeruginosa strain: (i) temperature at which the cultures were incubated prior to exposure to disinfectants, (ii) growth phase of the cultures at the time of exposure to disinfectants, (iii) nature of the suspending menstruum for disinfectants, and (iv) exposure to fluorescent light during incubation of inocula prior to testing. The applied significance of these findings may alter the present concepts of disinfectant testing as well as routine control procedures in the hospital environment.
Key issues in developing a standard (software metrics)

Developing an IEEE standard is an involved process; it is much more than merely preparing a document for ballot. Many content issues must be addressed before a consensus for the document can be obtained. Many administrative issues must be handled. These are non-trivial tasks, especially since the working group preparing the document is a volunteer group that functions for several years. This paper explores the key issues encountered by the software productivity metrics working group, and proposes ways that other working groups might handle similar issues encountered. Its goal is to alert new standards groups to possible issues. Being able to anticipate a problem may reduce its disruptive impact and help to make things progress more smoothly. >
Characteristics of Intracardiac Electrograms II: Atrial Endocardial Electrograms

The intra-alriai electrograms (P-wave and QRS complex) of newly implanted electrodes were recorded, and the time and frequency domain characteristics compared. The sensing impedance properties of the atrial electrode were studied in relation to the characteristics of both atrial and ventricular electrograms, and specific differences between the P and R-waves were identified. These values, particularly the amplitude and frequency components, were sufficiently distinct to make differentiation by pacemaker sensing circuits selective and reliable.
Centriole duplication: when PLK4 meets Ana2/STIL.

Summary Polo-like kinase 4 is known to drive centriole duplication, but the relevant substrate remains elusive. A new study shows that PLK4 phosphorylates a key centriolar component, Ana2/STIL, to initiate centriole assembly.
Programming experiments on a TERAK 8510/A microcomputer

In the course of bringing up one’s first experimental microcomputer system, certain standard problems occur that are trivial to the experienced programmer but are great blocks to the novice. In this spirit, some paradigms that were implemented on a TERAK 8510/a microcomputer, and the related problems, are described. Specific topics include some consideration of timing procedures for reaction time experiments and how to handle large text files on small floppy disk systems.
A MITOMYCIN-N6-DEOXYADENOSINE ADDUCT ISOLATED FROM DNA

A minor N6-deoxyadenosine adduct of mitomycin C (MC) was isolated from synthetic oligonucleotides and calf thymus DNA, representing the first adduct of MC and a DNA base other than guanine. The structure of the adduct (8) was elucidated using submilligram quantities of total available material. UV difference spectroscopy, circular dichroism, and electrospray mass spectroscopy as well as chemical transformations were utilized in deriving the structure of 8. A series of synthetic oligonucleotides was designed to probe the specificities of the alkylation of adenine by MC. The nature and frequency of the oligonucleotide-MC adducts formed under conditions of reductive activation of MC were determined by their enzymatic digestion to the nucleoside level followed by quantitative analysis of the products by HPLC. The analyses indicated the following: (i) (A)n sequence is favored over (AT)n for adduct formation; (ii) the alkylation favors the duplex structure; (iii) at adenine sites only monofunctional alkylation occurs; (iv) the adenine-to-alkylation frequency in the model oligonucleotides was 0.3-0.6 relative to guanine alkylation at the 5'-ApG sequence but only 0.02-0.1 relative to guanine alkylation at 5'-CpG. The 5'-phosphodiester linkage of the MC-adenine adduct is resistant to snake venom diesterase. The overall ratio of adenine to guanine alkylation in calf thymus DNA was 0.03, indicating that 8 is a minor MC-DNA adduct relative to MC-DNA adducts at guanine residues in the present experimental residues in the present experimental system. However, the HPLC elution time of 8 coincides with that of a major, unknown MC adduct detected previously in mouse mammary tumor cells treated with radiolabeled MC [Bizanek, R., Chowdary, D., Arai, H., Kasai, M., Hughes, C. S., Sartorelli, A. C., Rockwell, S., and Tomasz, M. (1993) Cancer Res. 53, 5127-5134]. Thus, 8 may be identical or closely related to this major adduct formed in vivo. This possibility can now be tested by further comparison.
Observation of the static nuclear magnetism of pure metallic copper in low magnetic fields

Using a specially designed mixing chamber for a dilution refrigerator and a magnetometer employing a superconducting device we have compared, over the temperature range 12 to 100 m°K, the static temperature-dependent moment of a sample of pure copper (resistance ratio 31,500) in a field of 5.8 G with the 17 Hz susceptibility of powdered cerium magnesium nitrate (CMN). Using cross-calibrational information from experiments on Cu(Mn) alloys we deduce that within the accuracy of measurement the observed temperature-dependent magnetic moment of the pure copper can be ascribed to nuclear magnetism only, with a calculated Curie constant of 4.5×10−8°K. The experiments are not sufficiently precise to shed new light on the CMN temperature scale, but are not in disagreement with our earlier conclusions. A remarkable but unexplained electronic Curie-law background magnetization is observed in the empty magnetometer.
Coronary heart disease in young type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients with and without diabetic nephropathy: incidence and risk factors.

Fifty-nine Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients with (group I) and 59 patients without nephropathy (group II) pair-matched according to sex (30 males and 29 females), age (33 years, range 15–48) and diabetes duration (19 years, range 6–42) were followed for a period of 10 years from about 5 years before to 5 years after onset of proteinuria. The cumulative incidence of coronary heart disease was estimated, and blood pressure and serum cholesterol were followed. Within six years after onset of proteinuria the cumulative incidence of coronary heart disease was increased eight-fold in group I (40%) compared with group II (5%), (p<0.001). Blood pressure was higher in group I compared with group II from before onset of proteinuria (135/86±17/9 mmHg vs 129/80±15/8 mmHg, p<0.001), and serum cholesterol elevated from onset of proteinuria in group I (6.3±1.2 mmol/l) vs. group II (5.5±1.0 mmol/l), (p<0.005). Patients in group I who developed coronary heart disease had similar age (36 years, range 21–51, vs 38 years, range 21–53), sex (50% males vs. 52% males), smoking frequency (50% vs 49%), diabetes duration (22 years, range 9–39, vs 24 years, range 10–42) and serum creatinine (110 μmol/l, range 69–284, vs 108 μmol, range 72–1024) compared with patients not developing coronary heart disease. However, the patients with coronary heart disease had higher blood pressure (135/87mmHg±16/9 vs 128/82±15/7, p<0.05) and serum cholesterol (7.3 mmol/l+ 1.2 vs 6.4 mmol/l±0.9, p<0.05) than patients without coronary heart disease. Thus, patients developing clinical nephropathy have a highly increased incidence of coronary heart disease compared with patients not developing nephropathy. Patients who developed coronary heart disease were characterized by higher blood pressure and serum cholesterol.
Pseudosarcoma of the esophagus (polypoid carcinoma of esophagus with pseudosarcomatous features).

A case of pseudosarcoma, a rare polypoid tumor of the esophagus with a favorable prognosis, is reported. This is believed to be the sixth case to be reported in the English medical literature. The characteristic gross, microscopic, and clinical features as well as a brief discussion of the origin and morphogenesis of the sarcomatous (sarcoma-like) elements of the tumor are presented. Attempts are also made to distinguish this rather unique lesion from the relatively more common and more malignant-behaving “carcinosarcoma” of the esophagus. The patient, after a successful esophagectomy with end-to-end anastomosis, is physically well and without any symptoms of recurrence to date (17 months postoperative).
Oral Epithelial Dendritic Cells of the Rhesus Monkey—Histologic Demonstration, Fine Structure and Quantitative Distribution

Morphologic and quantitative observations were made of the dendritic cell population of the oral epithelium of Rhesus monkeys. Basal and suprabasal cells were identified with the light microscope using the dopa and osmium iodide reactions. A comparison of pigmented and unpigmented tissues revealed a quantitative difference in the distribution of the basal dendritic cells. Suprabasal cells did not vary with the degree of pigmentation. The number of suprabasal dendritic cells was higher in keratinized tissues. The keratinized dorsum of the tongue contained the largest number of suprabasal dendritic cells. Electron microscopic examination indicated the presence of three dendritic cell types: melanocytes, Langerhans cells, and non-specific dendritic cells. Melanocytes were seen in pigmented and unpigmented tissues. Langerhans cells were observed only in keratinized epithelia. Non-specific dendritic cells were divided into two categories: "low level dendritic cells" (basal) and "high level dendritic cells" (suprabasal). These cells, possibly related to melanocytes and Langerhans cells, were seen in all tissues examined.
Fabrication of large layered synthetic microstructures of uniform reflectivity performance

Recent progress in the fields of physical vapor deposition (PVD), coupled with increased interest in the soft x-ray region of the electromagnetic spectrum, has driven the development of layered synthetic microstructures (LSMs) to the point that useful nongrazing incidence optics based on this technology are used in a variety of applications (e.g., solar astronomy, soft x-ray microscopy, and plasma spectroscopy). Our goal, as a production facility for thin film devices, was to demonstrate the capability for mass production of LSMs having uniform reflectivity performance (2d +/- 1 angstrom, Rp +/- 5) across the surface of a 10 cm diameter planar surface. We achieved this goal through the use of a large vacuum deposition chamber which accommodates a 66 cm diameter rotating substrate platen and two fixed position 15 cm diameter magnetron sputter deposition sources. Deposition flux masks positioned below the substrates in the vacuum process chamber provided the fine control of deposition flux necessary to achieve our uniformity goals. These masks were designed using a computer code that modeled the deposition system geometry and used empirical deposition rate data. Results obtained from soft x-ray mapping of the surface of LSMs fabricated with and without these deposition masks indicates a reduction in layer period (d-spacing) variation of +/- 13 angstroms to +/- 1 angstrom over a 10 cm diameter, and a significant improvement in reflectivity uniformity through the use of deposition masks. We are in the process of expanding our modeling and fabrication work to allow for deposition of multilayer optical coatings onto figured substrates.
The characterization of human antibody to heterologous serum protein.

Abstract Human allergic and nonallergic sera containing antibody to horse serum albumin were characterized and compared as to their capacity to bind I 131 antigen, to passively hemagglutinate coated sheep cells, and to sensitize skin. They were also compared as to the presence of specific immunoglobulins in each fraction. Localization of the immunological activity was determined in partially purified fractions, and compared to that of the whole serum.
Responsiveness of a 1-Year Recall Modified DASH Work Module in Active Workers with Upper Extremity Musculoskeletal Symptoms.

Objectives To evaluate the responsiveness to change of a modified version of the Work module of the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH-W) in a prospective, longitudinal cohort study of active workers. Methods We compared change on a 1-year recall modified DASH-W to change on work ability, work productivity, and symptom severity, according to predetermined hypotheses following the Consensus-based standards for the selection of health measurement instruments (COSMIN). We evaluated concordance in the direction of change, and magnitude of change using Spearman rank correlations, effect sizes (ES), standardized response means (SRM), and area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC). Results In a sample of 551 workers, change in 1-year recall modified DASH-W scores showed moderate correlations with changes in work ability, work productivity, and symptom severity (r = 0.47, 0.44, and 0.36, respectively). ES and SRM were moderate for 1-year recall modified DASH-W scores in workers whose work ability (ES = −0.58, SRM = −0.52) and work productivity improved (ES = −0.59, SRM = −0.56), and larger for workers whose work ability (ES = 1.24, SRM = 0.68) and work productivity worsened (ES = 1.02, SRM = 0.61). ES and SRM were small for 1-year recall modified DASH-W scores of workers whose symptom severity improved (−0.32 and −0.29, respectively). Responsiveness of the 1-year recall modified DASH-W was moderate for those whose symptom severity worsened (ES = 0.77, SRM = 0.50). AUC met responsiveness criteria for work ability and work productivity. Conclusions The 1-year recall modified DASH-W is responsive to changes in work ability and work productivity in active workers with upper extremity symptoms.