cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Biharmonic distance

Measuring distances between pairs of points on a 3D surface is a fundamental problem in computer graphics and geometric processing. For most applications, the important properties of a distance are that it is a metric, smooth, locally isotropic, globally “shape-aware,” isometry-invariant, insensitive to noise and small topology changes, parameter-free, and practical to compute on a discrete mesh. However, the basic methods currently popular in computer graphics (e.g., geodesic and diffusion distances) do not have these basic properties. In this article, we propose a new distance measure based on the biharmonic differential operator that has all the desired properties. This new surface distance is related to the diffusion and commute-time distances, but applies different (inverse squared) weighting to the eigenvalues of the Laplace-Beltrami operator, which provides a nice trade-off between nearly geodesic distances for small distances and global shape-awareness for large distances. The article provides theoretical and empirical analysis for a large number of meshes.
Joint action of SKF 525-A and sesamex with insecticides in susceptible and resistant house flies.

SKF 525-A (2-(diethylamino) ethyl 2,2-diphenylvalerate hydrochloride) and sesamex enhanced the action of the following compounds in both susceptible (S) and polyresistant (R) house flies, Musca domestica (L.): Dilan® (a mixture of 1 part of 1,1-bis (p-chlorophenyl)-2-nitropropane (Prolan®) and 2 parts of 1,1-bis (P-chlorophenyl)-2-nitrobutane (Bulan®)), pyrethrins, carbaryl, Mobil MCA-600 (benzo[b]thien-4-yl methylcarbamate),Pyrolan® (3-methyl-1-pheny1pyrazol-5-yl dimethylcarbamate), Isolan® (l-isopropyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolyl dimethylcarbamate), HRS 1422 (3,5-diisopropylphenyl methylcarbamate), Zectran® (4-dimethylamino-3,5-xylyl methylcarbamate), diazinon, dimetilan, and lindane. Dieldrin, dioxathion, and endosulfan were synergized in susceptible flies only. Sesamex, but not SKF 525-A, appeared to increase the toxicity of dichlorvos slightly in both S and R flies. Parathion action was antagonized in R flies, but not in S flies, by both SKF 525-A and sesamex. Dimethoate was synergized in S flies by sesamex, and antagonized by SKF 525-A, whereas in R flies both compounds synergized dimethoate. In general, sesamex was a more potent synergist than SKF 525-A. In both R and S flies, sesamex and SKF 525-A antagonized the action of CL 43064 (cyclic ethylene (diethoxyphosphinothioyl) dithioimidocarbonate), CL 47031 (cyclic ethylene (diethoxyphosphinyl) dithioimidocarbonate), and CL 38906 (cyclic S,S-ethylene dithiocarbonate O -(methylcarbamoyl) oxime), with SKF 525-A generally being the more effective antagonist. The possible influence of resistance mechanisms on the responses of the resistant strain is discussed.
A patient under CAPD treatment who developed severe hypophosphatemia during peritonitis

慢性腎不全にてCAPD療法施行中, 腹膜炎発症を契機として著明な低リン (P) 血症をきたした1例を経験したので報告する.症例は43歳男性. 慢性腎不全にて1987年3月より, 血液透析よりCAPD療法へ移行. 1988年6月, 腹膜炎発症し入院. 経過中, 急激な血清Pの低下があり, それに伴って脱力状態, 四肢の不随意運動が出現. 腹腔内へP補充を行ったところ症状は軽快. 検査成績上にて, CPKおよびミオグロビンの上昇を認め, 低P血症による横紋筋融解の合併と考えられた. 腹膜炎軽快とともに, 低P血症も改善したが腹膜炎発症の際には, 血清Pの推移に留意する必要があると考えられた.
Design and Implementation of Hog Traceability System Based on RFID and Two-Dimensional Bar Code

This paper introduced the design and implementation of hog traceability system based on RFID and Two-Dimensional bar code. The system consisted of a common platform and five traceability data management client software connected with platform, which integrated information of five stages from cultivation to regulatory to realize full traceability of hog quality safety.
Nephrectomy for renovascular hypertension in azotemic patients.

AbstractAzotemic patients with malignant hypertension secondary to increased renin production benefit significantly from correction of the lesion by renal vascular repair, if that is possible, but unilateral nephrectomy should not be denied these patients despite the azotemia. We believe that this phenomenon is related to an altered hemodynamic state, which increases renal blood flow postoperatively and requires large volumes of fluid in the early postoperative phase.
Preliminary experiences with gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT).

This article describes the first series of patients to undergo gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT) as a treatment for infertility. Ten patients with the diagnosis of either unexplained infertility or male factor were treated with human menopausal gonadotropin and human chorionic gonadotropin before surgery by laparoscopy or minilaparotomy. Semen was collected 2.5 hours before oocyte pickup at surgery and treated by the technique of wash and swim-up. After gamete evaluation, one or two oocytes and 100,000 actively motile sperm were loaded into a catheter and introduced through the fimbria. The contents of the catheter were gently emptied at a site approximately 1.5cm inside each fallopian tube. Patients received progesterone in oil, 12.5 mg/day, from day 4 after GIFT until up to 8 weeks of gestation. Four patients became pregnant: two pregnancies aborted; the other two pregnancies proceeded to the delivery of viable infants. GIFT may be considered as an alternative to in vitro fertilization in infertility cases in which at least one fallopian tube is patent.
Miniature differential mobility analyzer for compact field-portable spectrometers

ABSTRACTA low-flow miniature differential mobility analyzer (mDMA) has been developed for compact field-portable mobility spectrometers to classify the submicrometer aerosol. The mDMA was designed for an ultra-low aerosol flow rate of 0.05 L/min. At a sheath flow rate of 0.2 L/min, the mDMA's upper size limit was estimated to be about 921 nm. The mDMA has a classification zone of 2.54 cm long, an outer diameter of 2.54 cm, and an inner diameter of 1.778 cm. The design allows low-cost fabrication and easy assembly. Tandem DMA measurements were carried out to evaluate the performance of the mDMA. Its transfer function was described using Stolzenburg's model. The experimentally measured transfer function shows close agreement with the theory. The transmission efficiency was comparable to that of the Knutson–Whitby DMA for particles in the range of 10–1000 nm. The mobility resolution was comparable to that of the TSI 3085 nanoDMA at the same aerosol flow rate. The design features and performance of the mDMA m...
Investigating the Material Properties of the Caulobacter Crescentus Adhesive Holdfast

The ability to adhere materials underwater is greatly impeded by the presence of a boundary layer of water between the two adherends, with synthetic adhesives failing due to poor interfacial adhesion. Nature possesses various solutions to this problem, as seen in studied mussels, sandcastle worm and barnacles; however, less complex unicellular organisms such as bacteria are also faced with this problem. One of the primary colonizers of submerged surfaces is the bacteria Caulobacter crescentus, which adheres underwater by means of a secreted adhesive holdfast that possesses the highest measured adhesive strength for any microorganism. Little is known about the material properties of this adhesive. We use a combination of spectroscopic and microscopic techniques to elucidate the chemical components of the holdfast, its structural features as well as its interaction with different surface characteristics. An understanding of these properties will provide design ideas for the fabrication of bio-inspired underwater adhesives with potential applications in areas such as engineering, medicine and biomimetics.
Some Remarks Concerning Logical and Ontological Theories

The present paper consists of two parts. The first part describes some pertinent features of the metatheory of theories, most of which is contained, explicitly or implicitly, in the work of A. Tarski.1 The second part is an experiment in shifting from the logical to the ontological order by searching for physical models of the same metatheory.2 The experiment ends up with classical and medieval physics and metaphysics throwing some light on the theories under consideration and the patterns followed by the human mind in conceiving them.
Association of Cancer History with Alzheimer's Disease Dementia and Neuropathology.

BACKGROUND Cancer and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are common diseases of aging and share many risk factors. Surprisingly, however, epidemiologic data from several recent independent cohort studies suggest that there may be an inverse association between these diseases. OBJECTIVE To determine the relationship between history of cancer and odds of dementia proximate to death and neuropathological indices of AD. METHODS Using data from two separate clinical-pathologic cohort studies of aging and AD, the Religious Orders Study (ROS) and the Rush Memory and Aging Project (MAP), we compared odds of AD dementia proximate to death among participants with and without a history of cancer. We then examined the relation of history of cancer with measures of AD pathology at autopsy, i.e., paired helical filament tau (PHFtau) neurofibrillary tangles and amyloid-β load. RESULTS Participants reporting a history of cancer had significantly lower odds of AD (OR 0.70 [0.55-0.89], p = 0.0040) proximate to death as compared to participants reporting no prior history of cancer. The results remained significant after adjusting for multiple risk factors including age, sex, race, education, and presence of an APOEɛ4 allele. At autopsy, participants with a history of cancer had significantly fewer PHFtau tangles (p < 0.001) than participants without a history of cancer, but similar levels of amyloid-β. CONCLUSIONS Cancer survivors have reduced odds of developing AD and a lower burden of neurofibrillary tangle deposition.
IL-17 in liver injury: an inflammatory issue?

In the late 20th century, inflammatory tissue damage was thought to be driven primarily by T-helper type-1 (Th1) CD4+ T cells that secrete interleukin-2 (IL-2) and their signature cytokine, interferon-γ (IFN-γ). Over the last decade, it has become clear that other subsets of CD4+ T cells may drive immune inflammation, in particular Th17 T cells that secrete IL-17A, IL-21 and IL-22. Such Th17 T cells and their secreted products are now recognized as important drivers of central nervous system inflammation in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis,1 and may also be implicated in collagen-induced arthritis.2 These results stimulated research in other inflammatory diseases that cause injury in various tissue sites, including the liver. A paper from Yan et al.,3 working at the Shanghai Medical College, argues forcefully that the IL-17 axis is critical in the induction of liver injury in a standard model induced by intravenous injection of the plant lectin, concanavalin A (con A). However, this could be seen as an inflammatory conclusion, as other workers have tested the significance of IL-17 and its receptor in the same model of liver injury, and found it either less important than IFN-γ, or not important at all.4, 5 How can we make sense of this apparent contradiction?
A Comparative Analysis of Online and Face-to-Face Professional Development Models for CS Education

This paper compares student outcomes from 75 K-12 teachers who participated in either online, blended, or face-to-face professional development design to support teacher implementation of a programming curriculum during the regular school day. The results are based on survey responses collected over two years from 4,832 students. With only one exception, the results showed no negative student outcomes when comparing student survey results from teachers who participated in online professional development compared to students of teachers who participated in face-to-face professional development. Students who had teachers who participated in face-to-face professional development, however, expressed stronger interest in designing their own games at home. These results suggest that online professional development that is designed to support K-12 teacher classroom implementation of CS education curricula is a viable model with respect to student outcomes. Recommendations for the design of online curricula for CS education are discussed.
Unsupervised deep representation learning to remove motion artifacts in free-mode body sensor networks

In body sensor networks, the need to brace sensing devices firmly to the body raises a fundamental barrier to usability. In this paper, we examine the effects of sensing from devices that do not face this mounting limitation. With sensors integrated into common pieces of clothing, we demonstrate that signals in such free-mode body sensor networks are contaminated heavily with motion artifacts leading to mean signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) as low as −12 dB. Further, we show that motion artifacts at these SNR levels reduce the F 1 -score of a state-of-the-art algorithm for human-activity recognition by up to 77.1%. In order to mitigate these artifacts, we evaluate the use of statistical (Kalman Filters) and data-driven (Neural Networks) techniques. We show that well-designed methods of representing IMU data with deep neural networks can increase SNRs in free-mode body-sensor networks from −12 dB to +18.2 dB and, as a result, improve the F 1 -score of recognizing gestures by 14.4% and locomotion activities by 55.3%.
Tissue regeneration templates based on collagen-glycosaminoglycan copolymers

Graft copolymers of type I collagen and a glycosaminoglycan have been shown capable of inducing regeneration of certain tissues in the adult mammal. These tissues are the dermis of skin, the sciatic nerve and the knee meniscus. Chemical composition alone does not suffice to describe the biological specificity of these regeneration templates. It is also necessary to specify the crosslink density and the architecture of their porous structure. Each tissue requires a different polymeric template. This article contains a review of the molecular structure of the constituent biopolymers, the procedure for synthesis and characterization of specific graft copolymer members of this family, and information on certain aspects of the mechanism by which these copolymers function as regeneration templates.
The Role of Trust in Nonprofit Enterprise

Andreas Ortmann and Mark Schlesinger, in their article “Trust, Repute, and the Role of Nonprofit Enterprise,” examine what they term “the trust hypothesis,” namely “the claim that asymmetric information in the markets for certain goods and services can explain the existence of nonprofit enterprise in those markets” (this volume). There is much that is sensible in what they say, and they have performed a valuable service in pulling together some of the more recent empirical literature on asymmetric information in markets heavily populated with nonprofit firms. I have some concerns, however, both with respect to the authors’ formulation of the trust hypothesis and with their approach to its verification.
Influences of the MJO on the space-time organization of tropical convection

The fact that the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) is characterized by large scale patterns of enhanced tropical rainfall has been widely recognized for decades. However, the precise nature of any two-way feedback between the MJO and the properties of smaller scale organization that makes up its convective envelope is not well understood. Satellite estimates of brightness temperature are used here as a proxy for tropical rainfall and a variety of diagnostics are applied to determine the degree to which tropical convection is affected either locally or globally by the MJO. To address the multi-scale nature of tropical convective organization, the approach ranges from space-time spectral analysis to an object-tracking algorithm. In addition to the intensity and distribution of global tropical rainfall, the relationship between the MJO and other tropical processes such as convectively coupled equatorial waves, mesoscale convective systems and the diurnal cycle of tropical convection are also analyzed. The main findings of this paper are that, aside from the well known increase in rainfall activity across scales within the MJO convective envelope, the MJO does not favor any particular scale or type of organization , and there is no clear signature of the MJO in terms of the globally integrated distribution of brightness temperature or rainfall.
Spatial and Temporal Variability Within the Southern Ocean

The Southern Ocean is not radially symmetric; many circulation and water mass features vary markedly with longitude. This recommends care in making generalizations of the ocean dynamics and ventilation for the Southern Ocean. The Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) varies in latitude from a position slightly north of 50°S in the Atlantic sector to near 60°S southeast of New Zealand. The ACC displays significant temporal variation, ranging from mesoscale structures of meanders and eddies, to broad regional low frequency variations. South of the ACC are vast areas of more sluggish flow, many of which are organized into cyclonic circulation gyres. The largest is the Weddell Gyre; smaller gyres are located north and east of the Ross Sea, east of the Kerguelan Plateau. Variation in the strength of the western boundary current of the Weddell Gyre may be a primary factor in driving variations in the biology of the region. Wind-induced variations, perhaps coupled to changes in the freshwater balance, would also influence the vertical stability of the water column, the vertical heat flux and the sea ice cover extent. The oceanography along the continental margins is also very dependent on longitude. These variations are related to changes in the geometry of the shelf, the characteristics of the adjacent glacial ice, and on the wind field.
The Environment for Cosmic Structures

The purpose of this Chapter is to obtain a description of the galactic environment. The question of the environment is of more importance in the theory given in these pages than is usually the case, for many of the arguments hinge on existence conditions and these conditions obtain only in certain environments. The key element is the form and structure of the momentum-energy tensor, and in particular, the deviations of the momentum-energy tensor of the galactic environment from that of a perfect fluid.
Cyber Trust and Suspicion: A Human-Centric Approach

Conventional wisdom has regarded cyberspace security as a pure technology issue – sophisticated information techniques, tools, and policies are a must in order to detect and defeat threats. At a more foundational level, however, it is now clear that cyberspace security is also, if not more, a human-social phenomenon - how human operators, be they everyday internet users or national intelligence analysts, perceive and make sense of cyber events “closes the loop” and is therefore essential for the ultimate success (or failure) of cyberspace security. In this position paper we argue for the need of studying cyber trust and suspicion from a human-centric approach. Based on a principled abduction-based framework, the results will answer a full range of fundamental questions regarding cyber trust and suspicion.
Das ideale Sollen

Die Gegenstandlichkeit, die hier mit dem Terminus „ideales Sollen“bezeichnet wird, ist dem alltaglichen Leben nicht unbekannt. Der gegebene Weg zu ihrer Erforschung ist es deshalb, von dem auszugehen, was die Sprache uber sie weis. Am eindeutigsten wird das gemeinte Phanomen durch das Wort „Sollen“bezeichnet. Dabei mussen freilich einige Aquivokationen unschadlich gemacht werden. Abgesehen werden kann von jener Nebenbedeutung, in der Sollen soviel bedeutet wie „angeblich“, „dem Horensagen nach“. „Soll“heist hier oft nur „nach dem Wunsch und Willen, nach der Meinung gewisser Leute“.1
Caribbean Taliban: Cuban American Terrorism in the 1970s

Most scholars have not taken Cuban-American terrorism in the 1970s seriously, despite the unprecedented campaign of terror it unleashed. Borrowing a framework of self-identity usually applied to ot...
Water input into the Mariana subduction zone estimated from ocean-bottom seismic data

The water cycle at subduction zones remains poorly understood, although subduction is the only mechanism for water transport deep into Earth. Previous estimates of water flux1–3 exhibit large variations in the amount of water that is subducted deeper than 100 kilometres. The main source of uncertainty in these calculations is the initial water content of the subducting uppermost mantle. Previous active-source seismic studies suggest that the subducting slab may be pervasively hydrated in the plate-bending region near the oceanic trench4–7. However, these studies do not constrain the depth extent of hydration and most investigate young incoming plates, leaving subduction-zone water budgets for old subducting plates uncertain. Here we present seismic images of the crust and uppermost mantle around the central Mariana trench derived from Rayleigh-wave analysis of broadband ocean-bottom seismic data. These images show that the low mantle velocities that result from mantle hydration extend roughly 24 kilometres beneath the Moho discontinuity. Combined with estimates of subducting crustal water, these results indicate that at least 4.3 times more water subducts than previously calculated for this region3. If other old, cold subducting slabs contain correspondingly thick layers of hydrous mantle, as suggested by the similarity of incoming plate faulting across old, cold subducting slabs, then estimates of the global water flux into the mantle at depths greater than 100 kilometres must be increased by a factor of about three compared to previous estimates3. Because a long-term net influx of water to the deep interior of Earth is inconsistent with the geological record8, estimates of water expelled at volcanic arcs and backarc basins probably also need to be revised upwards9. Seismic images of Earth’s crust and uppermost mantle around the Mariana trench show widespread serpentinization, suggesting that much more water is subducted than previously thought.
In the Mind's Eye: Perceptual coupling and sensorimotor contingencies

The theoretical proposal that perceptual experience be thought of as expectancies about sensorimotor contingencies, rather than as expressions of mental representations, is endorsed; examples that effectively enforce that view are discussed; and one example (of perceptual coupling) that seems to demand a mental representation, with all of the diagnostic value such a tool would have, is raised for consideration.
Quantum Acoustics with Lithium Niobate Nanocavities

We couple a superconducting qubit to a piezoelectric nanome-chanical resonator fabricated from thin film lithium niobate (LN). The sizeable piezoelectric coefficient of LN leads to a coupling rate $g/2\pi > 15 \text{MHz}$ allowing quantum operations.
Prevalence and correlates of maladaptive guilt in middle childhood.

Abstract Background Maladaptive guilt can develop by age three and is associated with severe affective psychopathology in adolescents and adults. Yet, little is known about its prevalence prior to adolescence, or which children are at greatest risk of developing this symptom. This study examined the prevalence and correlates of maladaptive guilt in middle childhood. Methods This study examined a large community sample of 9-to 10-year-old children (N = 4485) from the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development (ABCD) study. Maladaptive guilt was assessed through the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for DSM-5. Parental rejection, family conflict, and parental depression were assessed via questionnaires. Results In depressed children, a 1-month prevalence of maladaptive guilt of 18.4% and a lifetime prevalence of 30.8% was found. Lifetime rates ranged from 1.8 to 4.1% in children with other psychiatric disorders. Cross-sectionally, maladaptive guilt was associated with lower family income-to-needs, greater family conflict, a history of maternal depression, and greater parental rejection. These findings held when controlling for children's depressive severity, indicating that these associations are specific to maladaptive guilt. Limitations Maladaptive guilt was assessed through one item, though many studies of maladaptive guilt measure the symptom in this manner. Conclusions Findings suggest that it may be beneficial for clinicians to assess for maladaptive guilt beyond the context of assessment for depression, particularly with children of low socioeconomic status and children of depressed mothers, whom this study suggests are at higher risk. Negative family climates and parenting might also be important targets of preventative interventions.
Global Transitioning Towards a Green Economy: Analyzing the Evolution of the Green Product Space of the Two Largest World Economies

Research on transitioning towards a green economy seeks to enable countries to expand their green production basket more competitively than other nations. Current research argues that countries are capable of producing new green products if these new green products share similar capability requirements (e.g. technology, capital, skills, etc.) with green products that the country already produces and exports with a high Real Comparative Advantage (RCA). Recently, the Green Product Space (GPS) framework was developed based on the hypothesis that countries diversify their green production baskets following the path-dependent process, meaning that a country’s green production basket development should be based on its current accumulation of green capabilities. In this paper, we conduct a comprehensive analysis to identify patterns of green growth between 2007 and 2017. The results of our analysis indicate that countries which successfully advanced and diversified their green production basket not only followed the path-dependent process, but also follow the non-path dependent process we term “high-energy jumps”.
Targeting REGNASE-1 programs long-lived effector T cells for cancer therapy

Adoptive cell therapy represents a new paradigm in cancer immunotherapy, but it can be limited by the poor persistence and function of transferred T cells1. Here we use an in vivo pooled CRISPR-Cas9 mutagenesis screening approach to demonstrate that, by targeting REGNASE-1, CD8+ T cells are reprogrammed to long-lived effector cells with extensive accumulation, better persistence and robust effector function in tumours. REGNASE-1-deficient CD8+ T cells show markedly improved therapeutic efficacy against mouse models of melanoma and leukaemia. By using a secondary genome-scale CRISPR-Cas9 screening, we identify BATF as the key target of REGNASE-1 and as a rheostat that shapes antitumour responses. Loss of BATF suppresses the increased accumulation and mitochondrial fitness of REGNASE-1-deficient CD8+ T cells. By contrast, the targeting of additional signalling factors-including PTPN2 and SOCS1-improves the therapeutic efficacy of REGNASE-1-deficient CD8+ T cells. Our findings suggest that T cell persistence and effector function can be coordinated in tumour immunity and point to avenues for improving the efficacy of adoptive cell therapy for cancer.
Parallel Approximate Ideal Restriction Multigrid for Solving the S N Transport Equations

The computational kernel in solving the SN transport equations is the parallel sweep, which corresponds to directly inverting a block lower triangular linear system that arises in discretizations o...
Volar Radiocarpal Ligament Repair with Suture Anchors for Radiocarpal Fracture Dislocations: Case Series.

Background Radiocarpal fracture dislocations cause significant intraarticular disruption and instability difficult to treat with traditional plating methods. Description of Technique Suture anchor fixation of the volar radiocarpal ligaments through an extended carpal tunnel approach, supplemented with radial styloid fixation, restores stability to the radiocarpal joint. Patients and Methods We performed a retrospective review of 14 consecutive radiocarpal fracture-dislocations (RCFDs) treated at two-level one trauma center from 2011 to 2015. In all cases, the volar radiocarpal ligaments were repaired to the distal radius with suture anchors. Results We reviewed 14 Dumontier Group 2 RCFDs in 14 patients (10 males, four females) with an average age of 39 years (range 22–53 years). Final follow-up averaged 288 days (range 7–1,364 days). Surgeons performed volar ligament repair with suture anchors in all cases, radial styloid fixation in 79% (11/14), and dorsal plate fixation in 29% (4/14). Eight of 14 patients (57%) had a “flipped” volar lip fragment of the distal radius. Three patients had forearm compartment syndrome and two patients had acute carpal tunnel syndrome. No patients experienced radiocarpal subluxation after volar ligament repair. Conclusion No recurrent subluxation or dislocation occurred after primary repair of the volar radiocarpal ligaments using suture anchors in this series of radiocarpal fracture dislocations. Volar radiocarpal ligament repair also addressed the “flipped” volar rim fragment that could not be addressed through a dorsal approach alone. Level of Evidence: This is a Level IV, case series therapeutic study.
Black Men in Engineering Graduate Programs: A Theoretical Model of the Motivation to Persist:

BackgroundA growing body of research highlights the experiences of Black men students who successfully navigate science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) educational pathways. Many B...
Nucleon electric dipole moment from polarized deep inelastic scattering

Abstract In a previous paper [1] , we have pointed out the connection between the CP-odd three-gluon (Weinberg) operator and certain twist-four corrections in polarized deep inelastic scattering. Based on this observation, we give a numerical estimate of the electric dipole moment of the proton and neutron induced by the Weinberg operator. Our result tends to be smaller than the previous estimates based on QCD sum rules by a factor of about 3 or more, though they are not entirely inconsistent considering theoretical uncertainties.
Violence and the Cross: The Affinity Between Theories of Atonement and Christian Attitudes Toward War and Peace

There is an affinity between Christian responses to war and peace and doctrines of atonement such that certain models of the atonement tend to correspond more closely with particular views of the legitimacy of violence. Generally speaking, in Christian theology, there are three predominant views of the legitimacy of violence: just war theory, crusade/holy war, and pacifism/nonviolent resistance. Moreover, Christian theology offers three predominant models of the atonement: the Christus Victor model, the Satisfaction model, and the Moral Influence model. An examination of the work of Reinhold Niebuhr and J. Denny Weaver demonstrates how this affinity works with respect to the Satisfaction model of atonement and just war theory on the one hand and a modified version of the Christus Victor model and nonviolent resistance on the other hand.
Cross-Cultural Exchange in the Atlantic World: Angola and Brazil during the Era of the Slave Trade

This book argues that Angola and Brazil were connected, not separated, by the Atlantic Ocean. Roquinaldo Ferreira focuses on the cultural, religious and social impacts of the slave trade on Angola. Reconstructing biographies of Africans and merchants, he demonstrates how cross-cultural trade, identity formation, religious ties and resistance to slaving were central to the formation of the Atlantic world. By adding to our knowledge of the slaving process, the book powerfully illustrates how Atlantic slaving transformed key African institutions, such as local regimes of forced labor that predated and coexisted with Atlantic slaving and made them fundamental features of the Atlantic world's social fabric.
WE-AB-BRA-03: Displacement Vector Field (DVF) Error Correction Using Sparsely Distributed Ground-Truth Displacement Vectors

Purpose: This study aims to develop a technique capable of reducing errors in deformable image registration (DIR) by integrating information of sparsely distributed ground-truth displacement vectors into a dense DVF. Methods: An in-house developed lung motion phantom consisting of an end-of-inhalation (EOI) MR image, a dense DVF derived from tagging MR data, and an end-of-exhalation (EOE) image obtained by deforming the EOI image with the DVF was used. The DVFs to be corrected were obtained by registration between the EOI and the calculated EOE images using Velocity, MIM, ILK and OHS algorithms in DIRART toolbox, and Elastix. A set of sparsely distributed ground-truth points were selected and displacement vectors at those points were treated as ground-truth displacement vectors. Displacement vectors in the DVFs to be corrected were converted into coefficient vectors using Wendland’s compactly supported functions. The coefficient map was modified such that the displacement vectors at ground-truth points, determined by the modified map, match the ground-truth displacement vectors. DVFs before and after correction were compared with the ground-truth DVF (phantom DVF), respectively. Pre- and post-correction registration errors were calculated. Results: Reduced registration errors were found in all tested DVFs. Pre- and post-correction 3D errors per voxel for Velocity, MIM, ILK, OHS, and Elastix are 1.27mm vs 1.07mm, 1.56mm vs 1.55mm, 6.33mm vs 4.81mm, 3.53mm vs 2.94mm, 2mm vs 1.67mm. Reduced registration errors are also uniformly found in every direction (p<0.01). Conclusion: We have implemented a hybrid registration technique that can potentially reduce registration errors by introducing information of sparsely distributed ground-truth displacement vectors into a dense DVF. Simulation results show that ground-truth points less than 0.5% of total number of voxels can enhance the accuracy of DVFs. Further studies on integration of biomechanical models and fine-tuning of parameters are expected to provide further correction.
Optofluidic 1x4 switch.

An optofluidic 1×4 switch is designed, fabricated, and tested. The switch is based on a blazed diffraction grating imprinted onto silicone elastomer at the bottom of a microfluidic channel that is filled with liquids with different refractive indices. When the condition of a diffraction maximum is met, the laser beam incident on the grating is deflected by an angle proportional to the refractive index mismatch between the elastomer and the liquid in the channel. The switch was tested using four different aqueous salt solutions generating 0th to 3rd orders of diffraction. The insertion loss was 9.8dB, and the response time was 55 ms. The same basic design can be used to build optofluidic switches with more than 4 outputs.
“Omics”-Enabled Microbial Sensors on Ocean Platforms

In order to assess the diversity and function of microbial communities most effectively, molecular assays need to be designed that target the phylogenetic markers and functional genes that are key to major ecological processes and microorganisms. A streamlined design process is presented here that designs probes for microarray and quantitative PCR (qPCR) assays, for application on the lab bench or on remote instrumentation. These assays can be used for DNA (genome) and RNA (gene transcription) studies. The pipeline described here establishes a database of environmental sequences, which is then used for the design of molecular probes for microarrays and to inform the design of qPCR assays, which is detailed here along with the assay optimization process. Finally, the process for the design of high-density microarrays is described. The qPCR protocol is currently used for assay optimization on the Environmental Sample Processor, a deployable robotic “genosensor” (http://www.mbari.org/esp). The protocols described here should advance applications in microbial oceanography using robotic instrumentation as well as traditional sampling methods.
Solving the Lagrangian Dual when the Number of Constraints is Fixed

Good bounds on the optimum value of hard optimization problems can often be efficiently obtained by “pricing out” certain “bad” constraints and incorporating them into the objective function. The resulting problem is known as the Lagrangian dual. Here we give improved algorithms for solving the Lagrangian duals of problems that have both of the following properties. First, in the absence of the bad constraints, the problems can be solved in strongly polynomial time by combinatorial algorithms. Second, the number of bad constraints is fixed. As part of our solution to these problems, we extend Cole's circuit simulation approach and develop a weighted version of Megiddo's multidimensional search technique.
Biological Macromolecules: NMR Parameters

The sections in this article are 1 Introduction 2 NMR Parameters 3 Averaging of NMR Parameters—Fast Exchange 4 Biographical Sketches Related Articles
Seasonal variation in the weight loss of newborns

Abstract This study was undertaken to determine the influence of season of the year on the weight loss and the occurrence of fever in newborns. The data were obtained from the records of several thousand infants born at Bellevue Hospital over a period of years ∗ ∗These studies were made possible through the courtesy and cooperation of Dr. Frederick W. Rice and Dr. Hervey C. Williamson, to whom we wish to express our sincere appreciation..
Analysis of Microstrip Transmission Lines

Abstract : In this work a number of semirigorous and numerical techniques are presented for analyzing the microstrip transmission line configurations. The methods of quasi-TEM as well as hybrid-mode analyses are presented in some detail. A discussion of the higher-order modes in such transmission lines is also included. In addition to analyzing the uniform line configurations, the problem of evaluating the effect of losses, end loading, etc., are examined and methods for handling these problems are discussed.
The Dark Matter Problem, by Robert H. Sanders: Scope: review. Level: advanced undergraduate

The Dark Matter Problem, by Robert H. Sanders, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2010, 205 pp., £35.00 (hardback), ISBN 978-0-521-11301-4. Scope: review. Level: advanced undergraduate. For cen...
Regadenoson Stress Real-Time Myocardial Perfusion Echocardiography for Detection of Coronary Artery Disease: Feasibility and Accuracy of Two Different Ultrasound Contrast Agents

Background The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of myocardial perfusion (MP) and wall motion (WM) analysis obtained with real-time myocardial contrast echocardiography (RTMCE) and two widely used contrast agents in detecting coronary artery disease after injection of the vasodilator regadenoson. Methods One hundred fifty patients were studied at two academic centers using regadenoson (400-μg intravenous bolus) vasodilator stress RTMCE (7.5% Optison infusion [ n = 50] or 1.5% Definity infusion [ n = 100]). Both MP and WM with RTMCE were analyzed at rest and after regadenoson bolus. Comparisons of WM and MP sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were made. Quantitative angiography was performed in all patients within 1 month of the regadenoson stress study (>50% and >70% diameter stenosis was considered significant). Reviewers were blinded to all clinical and quantitative angiographic data. Results Rate-pressure product after regadenoson was higher in Optison than Definity patients ( P = .004). Using a 50% diameter stenosis on quantitative angiography as a reference standard, overall sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for combined WM and MP analysis were not different for both agents (Optison, 77%, 64%, and 73%; Definity, 80%, 74%, and 78%; P = NS). The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of WM analysis alone for Optison were 68%, 71%, and 69% compared with 60%, 72%, and 66% for Definity ( P = NS). Adding MP analysis improved the sensitivity and accuracy of Definity for detecting both >50% and >70% stenoses ( P 50 or >70% stenoses. Conclusions RTMCE during regadenoson stress using either Optison or Definity is a rapid and effective method for the detection of coronary artery disease. The ability of MP imaging to improve WM accuracy may depend on the rate-pressure product achieved.
Speculation on carbon dioxide and retrolental fibroplasia.

To the Editor.— Gole and Gannon1 have apparently misconstrued our letter.2 It was not our intention that the proposed model for the development of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) be accepted as a basis for clinical treatment. Instead, this model was propounded in hopes of stimulating further research into the possible role of CO2 in the pathogenesis of ROP. Therefore, we must respond to their charges of "speculation" by stating that this letter was obviously speculative in nature; however, all the assumptions made can be defended.
Casual Sexual Relationships and Experiences in Emerging Adulthood

Casual sexual relationships and experiences (CSREs) such as hookups, one-night stands, friends with benefits relationships, and booty calls have received increasing attention in the past decade. This review examines the role of CSREs during emerging adulthood, as well as similarities and differences among the different types of CSREs. Furthermore, we examine the predictors and positive and negative consequences of engaging in CSREs. While research in the area of CSREs has provided important information about the development and course of these relationships/experiences, future research should focus on exploring these relationships/experiences using an integrated theoretical perspective and longitudinal methods, in diverse, noncollege samples.
Early surgical excision of giant congenital hemangiomas of the scalp in newborns: clinical indications and reconstructive aspects.

BACKGROUND Infantile hemangioma is the most common vascular tumor in newborns, with an incidence from 12 to 23% among preterm infants with low weight at birth and a female to male ratio of 3:1. The head and neck is the most frequently affected area (60%), and the scalp is a typical site for such large lesions. OBJECTIVE We describe some clinical and medical aspects in comparison with the surgical approach to giant infantile hemangioma of the scalp. METHODS The indications to treatment are discussed. An outcome basis evaluation, by reviewing some clinical cases, is provided to help readers better understand when and how to undergo surgery safely. CONCLUSION Early excision of huge infantile hemangioma of the scalp is the treatment of choice if feasible within 5 months of age.
What's at stake? Genetic information from the perspective of people with epilepsy and their family members

Substantial progress has been made in identifying genes that raise risk for epilepsy, and genetic testing for some of these genes is increasingly being used in clinical practice. However, almost no empirical data are available from the perspective of people with epilepsy and their family members about the impact of genetic information and potential benefits and harms of genetic testing. To address this gap we conducted in-depth qualitative interviews with 40 individuals (22 with epilepsy, 18 unaffected) in the USA from families containing multiple affected individuals who had participated in epilepsy genetics research. The interviews were coded and analyzed using the principles of grounded theory. Several major themes emerged from these interviews. Participants expressed “personal theories of inheritance” that emphasized commonalities among relatives and the idea that disease risk is most shared by family members who share physical or personality traits. Most participants said they would have genetic testing if it were offered. They cited many potential benefits, including learning what caused epilepsy in their family, being better able to care and advocate for children at risk, reducing guilt and blame, providing an increased sense of control, and relieving anxiety in unaffected individuals who test negative. The influence of genetic information on reproduction was a particularly salient theme. Although respondents believed genetic testing would be useful for informing their reproductive choices, they also expressed fear that it could lead to external pressures to modify these choices. Other concerns about the potential negative impact of genetic information included increased blame and guilt, increased stigma and discrimination in employment and insurance, self-imposed limitations on life goals, and alterations in fundamental conceptions of “what epilepsy is.” Consideration of the perspectives of people with epilepsy and their family members is critical to understanding the implications of contemporary epilepsy genetic research and testing.
Fluoroscopic findings in pediatric eosinophilic esophagitis

Eosinophilic esophagitis (EE) is an inflammatory disorder of the esophagus characterized by symptoms such as dysphagia, food sticking and heartburn. Several fluoroscopic findings have been described in EE, but the frequency of these findings is unknown. To identify the frequency of imaging findings in pediatric-age patients with eosinophilic esophagitis. A retrospective study was performed evaluating all upper GI and esophagram studies performed between 2000 and 2008 in patients up to age 21 with a pathological diagnosis of EE. In order to be included in the study, the upper GI or esophagram had to be performed either before EE was diagnosed or within 30 days of the diagnosis. Two pediatric radiologists evaluated each study for the presence or absence of multiple findings of EE. The radiology reports from the time of the study were then read to establish a concurrent diagnosis of esophageal dysmotility or gastroesophageal reflux. Finally, the hospital electronic medical record was evaluated to obtain demographic and pathology information. Of the 579 patients with biopsy-proven EE, 107 (18%) were included in the study and underwent a total of 112 upper GI or esophagram examinations. The most common finding on these examinations was a normal esophagus (58/112; 52%) followed by gastroesophageal reflux (21/112; 19%) and irregular contractions (17/112; 15%). Less frequent findings included strictures, dysmotility, mucosal irregularity, esophageal rings and filling defects. Fluoroscopic studies are not a sensitive method to diagnose EE because nearly half of the studies are normal. Findings that have been described in the setting of EE such as food impaction, a ringed esophagus, a small-caliber esophagus and esophageal stricture do not occur with a high enough frequency to reliably make a diagnosis.
A three-dimensional multi-physics model for a Li-ion battery

Abstract A multi-geometry and multi-physics model is developed for a Li-ion battery module which includes three cells connected in series by electrical busbars. The model can be used to predict the 3D profiles of the electrical potentials and temperature in the battery. The physics-based porous electrode (P2D) model is used to predict the electrochemical behavior of the cells, and the coupling between the P2D model and the electrical/thermal equations is simplified through a linear approximation method. This approximation is useful at rates of at least 5 C and reduces the computation time significantly. The anisotropic conductive properties for the regions where conductors are separately arrayed are discussed in detail, and the model predictions are presented and discussed.
Rates and mechanisms of oxygen exchanges between sites in the AlO4Al12(OH)24(H2O)127+(aq) complex and water: implications for mineral surface chemistry

Abstract Rate coefficients for steady exchange of oxygens between sites in the AlO4Al12(OH)24(H2O)127+(aq) (Al13) complex and bulk solution were determined over the temperature range of 9–19°C and 4.6