cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An unusual case of trismus.

Abstract Described is a case in which a patient suffered multiple facial injuries resulting in significant trismus. Many extracapsular factors have been reported to result in trismus. Most common are those involving the coronoid process and fibrous tissue adhesions of associated structures. This case involves a situation in which multiple foreign-body fragments led to this patient's being unable to open his mouth adequately.
Exohedral Multiple Bonding in Polyhedra. 2. Skeletal Distortions in Ring-Stacked Boranes

Ring-stacked boranes of the B(10)H(10)(2)(-) and B(12)H(12)(2)(-) type, when substituted with lone pair bearing groups such as -O, -NH, and -S at the para positions, are theoretically shown to exhibit exopolyhedral multiple bonding on oxidation. Successive removal of two and four electrons from the parent B(n)H(n)(-)(2)X(2) results in highly varied and intriguing skeletal deformations that are explained using fragment molecular theory.
Management of Hemorrhage After Percutaneous Renal Surgery

Renal hemorrhage is the most worrisome complication of percutaneous renal surgery. Between August 1983 and August 1992 we performed 2,200 percutaneous renal operations, with 17 patients (0.8%) requiring angiography and embolization for significant bleeding uncontrolled by the usual measures. The angiographic diagnoses were arteriovenous fistula in 7 patients, pseudoaneurysm in 4, fistula and pseudoaneurysm in 2, and lacerated renal vessels in 2. A total of 15 patients required no further treatment after embolization, while 2 underwent either partial nephrectomy or open exploration. No risk factors for hemorrhage could be identified. We recommend angiography and embolization under 3 conditions; 1) in the immediate postoperative period when clamping of the nephrostomy tube and a tamponade balloon catheter fail to control hemorrhage (24% of our series), 2) in the early postoperative period (2 to 7 days) when the patient requires 3 or 4 units of blood after replacement of the initial blood loss (41% of our series) and 3) for sudden hemorrhage more than 7 days postoperatively (35% of our series).
The 2011-2014 prevalence of eosinophilic oesophagitis in the elderly amongst 10 million patients in the United States.

SummaryBackground Eosinophilic oesophagitis (EoE) is primarily diagnosed by clinicians. There are less than a handful of epidemiological studies in EoE that have included elderly patients (>65 years). Aim To determine the prevalence of elderly subjects among EoE patients and compare their clinical presentation, associated conditions and treatment modalities with adult and paediatric EoE patients. Methods A large nationwide database (Explorys) between January 2011 and January 2014 was used. The term ‘Eosinophilic Oesophagitis’ was used in the Explorys search tool. The patient population was divided into three groups, Paediatric ( 65 years). Results We identified 4840 patients coded as EoE. The total estimated prevalence was 50.6 cases per 100 000 patients (0.05%). A total of 360 cases (7.44%) were elderly patients with an estimated prevalence rate of 18.6 cases per 100 000. Across all age groups, the majority of EoE patients were Caucasians and males. A significantly greater proportion of older patients had concomitant GERD. Dysphagia was the most common symptom among elderly EoE patients as compared with the paediatric EoE patients (P < 0.001). The proportion of elderly EoE patients with food allergies or asthma was significantly lower as compared with paediatric and adult EoE patients (P < 0.001). Oesophageal dilation and/or proton pump inhibitor treatment were the most commonly used therapeutic modalities in elderly EoE patients. Conclusion Eosinophilic oesophagitis is uncommon in elderly subjects and the clinical presentation is markedly different as compared with adults or the paediatric population.
Aldehyde oxidase functions as a superoxide generating NADH oxidase: an important redox regulated pathway of cellular oxygen radical formation.

The enzyme aldehyde oxidase (AO) is a member of the molybdenum hydroxylase family that includes xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR); however, its physiological substrates and functions remain unclear. Moreover, little is known about its role in cellular redox stress. Utilizing electron paramagnetic resonance spin trapping, we measured the role of AO in the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) through the oxidation of NADH and the effects of inhibitors of AO on NADH-mediated superoxide (O2•–) generation. NADH was found to be a good substrate for AO with apparent Km and Vmax values of 29 μM and 12 nmol min–1 mg–1, respectively. From O2•– generation measurements by cytochrome c reduction the apparent Km and Vmax values of NADH for AO were 11 μM and 15 nmol min–1 mg–1, respectively. With NADH oxidation by AO, ≥65% of the total electron flux led to O2•– generation. Diphenyleneiodonium completely inhibited AO-mediated O2•– production, confirming that this occurs at the FAD site. Inhibitors of this NADH-derived...
Analysis of a Detection Technique for a Spinning-Goniometer Direction-Finding System

Fourier analysis is used to show that the frequency spectrum of the output voltage of the linear detector of a spinning-goniometer direction-finding receiver varies as a function of time for a CW received signal. A filter for the second detector is considered having a bandwidth which varies with time in a similar way, thus effecting a ?match? between the signal and the filter. A simple signal-to-noise ratio analysis shows that an improvement in signal-to-noise ratio is possible, compared to performance of a time-invariant system. The improvement is described by the equation I = 10 log10 T/T1, where T is the observation time and T1 is the basic period of the envelope of the input signal to the second detector produced by goniometer modulation.
A Mathematical Model for Anomalous Codeposition of Nickel‐Iron on a Rotating Disk Electrode

A mathematical model for anomalous alloy deposition onto a rotating disk electrode has been developed. The convective diffusion equations, couples with the homogeneous dissociation reactions of water and metal-hydroxide ions, are numerically solved, and the calculated interfacial concentrations are used to describe the electrode processes. The role of metal-hydroxide ions in the deposition of single metals, reported by other researchers, is extended to codeposition. The kinetic parameters of the alloy deposition are assumed to be the same as those of the single metals involving the discharge of both metal and metal-hydroxide ions; however, during codeposition, the metal-hydroxide ions are allowed to discharge only at a fraction of surface sites proportional to their interfacial concentration. The simulation was applied to the electro-deposition of nickel-iron. In agreement with the experimental observations reported in the literature, the percentage of iron in the deposit is much higher than in the electrolyte, and goes through a maximum as a funciton of applied potential. The estimated effect of agitation on alloy composition and current efficiency is in qualitative agreement with experiments. The model also predicts that while the polarization behavior of nickel is shifted to more cathodic values during code-position, the iron behavior shows no significantmore » change.« less
Exploratory development minehunting sensors for unmanned vehicles

This paper describes the technology goals and progress to date for the Office of Naval Research (ONR) exploratory development programs addressing sea mine reconnaissance and minehunting technology. These programs are developing a suite of sensors and associated signal/image processing for reconnaissance and hunting against all mine types (including buried mines) in water depths from deep water to very shallow water. The sensor technology prototypes are being developed in a modular configuration to allow deployment from a 21 inch diameter unmanned underwater vehicle (UUV). For the shallow water and deep water threat of volume mines and bottom mines, a toroidal volume search sonar and an advanced side-looking sonar are being developed. Advanced signal processing technologies were developed and evaluated using the sea test data. In order to identify targets which have been classified as mine-like, an underwater electro-optic sensor has been developed and tested. Images of targets can be collected at ranges greater than five times conventional cameras.
JAMDA: The Future History of the Journal

1 J Gerontol A Biol 4.984 0.940 2 J Am Med Dir Assoc 4.781 1.483 3 J Am Geriatr Soc 4.216 0.678 This represents the third state of the Journal article which we have published.1,2 The Journal has now settled into its second year of monthly publication. The increase in the number of issues together with the online only publications has led to a major increase in the number of articles published from 91 in 2011 to 178 in 2012. This increased the denominator for calculating the impact factor so the 2013 Impact Factor fell to 4.781 from 5.302 in 2012 (Figure 1). JAMDA had the second highest impact factor of all the clinical geriatric journals and the highest immediacy index (Table 1). Table 2 lists the articles cited 50 or more times since 2011 published in the clinical geriatric journals. The most cited articles in 2011 and 2012 (the years to calculate the impact factor) are listed in Table 3. The major topics covered were sarcopenia, nutrition, diabetes mellitus, falls and the Minimum Data Set 3.0. The 2 sarcopenia consensus conferences have already become citation superstars.3,4 The continuing high quality of the articles in the Journal is shown by the fact that articles published in 2013 have already been highly cited (Table 4). The International Association of Gerontology and Geriatrics frailty consensus conference has already been highly cited.5 Articles in 2014 that are already being highly cited include one questioning the definition of frailty,6 use of cognitive stimulation therapy,7 the Asian sarcopenia consensus conference,8 the role of low testosterone and white matter lesions in falls,9,10 and a systematic review on hypertension.11 Despite the increase in submissions, the Journal continues to have a rapid review process of 23 days for the initial review in 2014. Our acceptance rate for original articles is 26%. Seventy-four percent of the Journal’s submissions come from outside the United States (Figure 2). Highest acceptance rates are Switzerland (80%), Hong Kong (57%), Finland (50%), Australia (43.5%), USA (43%), Germany (40%), United Kingdom (36.8%), Spain (35.3%), Canada (33%), France (29.4%), and Taiwan (27.6%). In view of the Journal’s consistent approach to encouraging the development of nursing home research, this is particularly gratifying.12e17 The Journal has, besides covering basic nursing home research, become the major repository for frailty, sarcopenia, polypharmacy,
Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) in Tumor-Initiating Cells and Its Clinical Implications in Breast Cancer

There is increasing support for the hypothesis that most tumors contain a subpopulation of cells, referred to here as tumor initiating cells (TICs), with the ability to self-renew and to regenerate all the cell types within the tumor. TICs are enriched in breast cancer patients after common treatments, indicating their intrinsic therapeutic resistance. Two independently-derived gene transcription “signatures” of TICs from different studies indicate enrichment of TICs within the recently-identified “claudin-low” intrinsic molecular subtype of breast cancer. These are characterized by high expression of markers associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), suggesting that claudin-low cells may arise from more immature stem or progenitor cells than other breast cancers. EMT is a process by which cells acquire molecular alterations that facilitate dysfunctional cell–cell adhesive interactions and junctions, as well as a more spindle-shaped morphology. These processes may promote cancer cell progression and invasion into the surrounding microenvironment. Induction of EMT in immortalized human mammary epithelial cells results in an increased ability to form mammospheres, and in the expression of stem cell and TIC markers, suggesting that there may be a direct link between the EMT and the gain of TIC properties. Targeting specific molecular pathways—such as Notch, Wnt, and TGFs—associated with development and EMT in the TIC subpopulation, in addition to conventional chemo- and radiation therapies that target the bulk tumor, may ultimately provide a more effective strategy in treating breast cancer. Here, we review recent evidence of the involvement of EMT in breast cancer TICs, focusing on clinical studies.
Feature transformation methods in data mining

The quality of knowledge extracted from a data set can be enhanced by its transformation. Discretization and filling missing data are the most common forms of data transformation. A new transformation method named feature bundling is introduced. A feature bundle involves a set of features in its pure or transformed form. The computational results reported in this paper show that the classification accuracy of decision rules generated from data sets with feature bundles is enhanced. The proposed concept of feature bundling is applied to a data set from the semiconductor industry.
A Two-Moment Chi-Square Approximation for the Statistic Log

Abstract A two-moment chi-square approximation is derived for the statistic log , where and are, respectively, the arithmetic and geometric means of a sample from a gamma distribution. The proposed approximation is used for testing the shape parameter in a gamma distribution and for testing the homogeneity of normal population variances.
Traditional Ecological Knowledge in Conservation Research: Problems and Prospects for their Constructive Engagement

In response to growing interest in accessing traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) for conservation purposes, we discuss some of the complexi­ties involved in doing TEK research. Specifically, we consider the issues of power and politicisation, ethics and situated knowledge. These are standard issues to be considered in any social scientific endeavour and are particularly compelling when dealing with indigenous groups or cross-cultural contexts. We argue that the human context, and the researcher's ability to adequately understand and account for it, will largely determine the success or failure of TEK research. To this end, we offer three broad recommendations for conser­vation researchers hoping to engage TEK. Only through an informed and conscientious approach can TEK be incorporated into mainstream conserva­tion research in a manner beneficial to both conservation and TEK holders.
Carbon Nanopipettes for Cell Surgery

Carbon nanopipettes (CNPs), nanoprobes that integrate carbon nanotubes (CNTs) into larger easily maneuverable devices, provide a viable means of performing cell surgery with carbon-based nanostructures. Taking advantage of the nanoscopic tubular geometry and unique material properties of CNTs, CNPs facilitate minimally invasive cell probing, low-volume intracellular fluid injection, sensitive electrical measurements of cell signals, and other unique analytical abilities not possible with traditional glass-based cell probing technology. In this technology review, we highlight the cell probing applications where CNPs were used as nanoneedles for intracellular injection and nanoelectrodes for cell electrophysiology. Besides summarizing the proven capabilities of CNPs, the intent of this review is to encourage further development of CNT-based devices and related nanotechnology for novel cell probing and bioanalytical applications.
The Preparation of Merrifield‐Resins Through Total Esterification With Cesium Salts

The reaction of chloromethylated polystyrene-co-1%-divinylbenzene resin with the cesium salts of N-protected amino acids proceeds fast and without side reactions to give N-protected amino acyl resin esters free of quaternary ammonium sites or reactive chloride.
PUVA treatment of erythrodermic and plaque type mycosis fungoides

Five patients with plaque type mycosis fungoides (MF) and five patients with erythrodermic MF responded favorably to oral psoralen photochemotherapy (PUVA). The mean total UVA irradiation dose was less for erythrodermic than for plaque type MF, but the mean number of treatments to achieve clearing was greater in the erythrodermic patients. Histologic examination at clearing revealed persistence of an inflammatory infiltrate in the lower dermis in most cases. Subsequent recurrent lesions in five patients revealed a more extensive dermal inflammatory infiltrate, although findings were not always diagnostic of MF due to a lack of epidermal involvement. Resumption of more intensive PUVA therapy again resulted in clinical clearing in all five patients. The follow-up period for six patients who received long-term PUVA maintenance ranged from 1½ to 3½ years. During PUVA therapy, five of ten patients developed epithelial malignancies or premalignancies, and one patient developed a malignant fibrous histiocytoma. Most of these patients had received prior treatment with electron beam and topical nitrogen mustard.
Further thoughts on the happy–productive worker

Ledford's commentary on our paper titled, ‘Affect and favorable work outcomes: Two longitudinal tests of the happy–productive worker thesis’, is a thought-provoking attempt to place the research and its findings in a larger theoretical context. His comments address three general questions. First, why have so many academics and practitioners alike been willing to accept the existence of the happy–productive worker relationship? Second, to what extent do Wright and Staw's findings shed additional light on the happy–productive worker thesis? Finally, what are the study's implications for future research? We will comment briefly on each of these issues. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
JNK- and Fos-regulated Mmp1 expression cooperates with Ras to induce invasive tumors in Drosophila

Loss of the epithelial polarity gene scribble in clones of Drosophila imaginal disc cells can cooperate with Ras signaling to induce malignant tumors. Such mutant tissue overproliferates, resists apoptosis, leaves its place of origin and invades other organs, ultimately causing lethality. We show that increased Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling resulting from the loss of scribble promotes the movement of transformed cells to secondary sites. This effect requires Fos-dependent transcriptional activation of a matrix metalloprotease gene mmp1 downstream of JNK. Expression of the Mmp inhibitor Timp or Mmp RNAi knockdown suppresses cell invasiveness. The proinvasive function of the JNK pathway is revealed in a tumor context when active Ras signaling prevents the apoptotic response to JNK activity as it occurs in nontransformed cells. Based on these results, we present a model that explains the oncogenic cooperation between JNK and Ras, and describes how aberrant regulation of cell survival, proliferation and mobilization cooperate to incite malignant tumor formation.
THE BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER SODIUM-DEPENDENT MULTIVITAMIN TRANSPORTER: A MOLECULAR FUNCTIONAL IN VITRO-IN SITU CORRELATION

The molecular mechanism of biotin brain uptake was investigated using an in vitro bovine blood-brain barrier (BBB) cell model and an in situ mouse brain perfusion technique. A functional uptake/transport correlation of the in vitro and in situ characteristics of biotin uptake was investigated. Morphological and immunochemical characteristics (e.g., factor VIII expression) of the primary culture of brain microvessel endothelial cells (BMECs) were confirmed. Gene expression of the multidrug resistance (Mdr1) and sodium-dependent multivitamin (SMVT) transporters was also determined in BMECs. Biotin transport was saturable and Na(+)-dependent at the luminal side of the BBB. The estimated half-saturation concentrations (K(m)) of biotin uptake in vitro and in situ were 49.1 and 35.5 microM, respectively, supporting the presence of a carrier-mediated biotin transport system. Inhibition studies using various biotin derivatives and structural analogs demonstrated the structural requirements for biotin-SMVT interaction. Desthiobiotin and pantothenic acid significantly inhibited the uptake of biotin, whereas 2-iminobiotin and diaminobiotin were very weak inhibitors. Based on our results, there was a good correlation between the in vitro and in situ BBB models, suggesting that when a single membrane transporter is involved in substrate uptake, flexibility in choosing the experimental model can be afforded. The current results are also consistent with the suggestion that the properties of the BBB are likely to be organ-specific rather than species-specific. Further mechanistic and comparative studies are needed to validate these results. In conclusion, the in vitro transporter-based mechanism studies produced valuable molecular functional transport results that correlated well with in situ results.
The Transcription Factor Bhlhb4 Is Required for Rod Bipolar Cell Maturation

Abstract Retinal bipolar cells are essential to the transmission of light information. Although bipolar cell dysfunction can result in blindness, little is known about the factors required for bipolar cell development and functional maturation. The basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor Bhlhb4 was found to be expressed in rod bipolar cells (RB). Electroretinograms (ERGs) in the adult Bhlhb4 knockout ( Bhlhb4 −/− ) showed that the loss of Bhlhb4 resulted in disrupted rod signaling and profound retinal dysfunction resembling human congenital stationary night blindness (CSNB), characterized by the loss of the scotopic ERG b-wave. A depletion of inner nuclear layer (INL) cells in the adult Bhlhb4 knockout has been ascribed to the abolishment of the RB cell population during postnatal development. Other retinal cell populations including photoreceptors were unaltered. The timing of RB cell depletion in the Bhlhb4 −/− mouse suggests that Bhlhb4 is essential for RB cell maturation.
MOSFET doping profiling

An automated technique was developed for rapid measurement of MOSFET channel doping profiles. The technique is based on the well-known relationship between the device threshold voltage and substrate bias. It uses only DC voltage measurements and is not subject to the limitations of conventional capacitance-voltage (C-V) methods. An operational amplifier feedback circuit is used to determine the threshold voltage automatically as the substrate bias voltage is varied. Doping profiles determined with this technique agree very well with those obtained from C-V and from spreading resistance measurements, as well as with those predicted by SUPREM-3. The devices were fabricated with processes representing two generations of CMOS technology. The doping concentrations, channel implants, and gate oxide thicknesses varied significantly between the two, allowing the assessment of the accuracy of doping profile extraction techniques for devices representing a wide performance range. >
Research of China Chess Game Hardware System

In order to improve the process speed of China Chess game system, it is a feasible scheme to design a special multi-processor system, which can reach the processing ability of the Computer China Chess system. Multi-processor parallel calculator and task scheduling brings forward a difficult problem for the Computer China Chess system. The game hardware structure of multi-processor system is presented based on the history of Computer Chess and representative system structure of Computer Chess. We focus on a feasible scheme on DSP and FPGA. Based on the game hardware system structure and game task, a scheduling algorithm is introduced in the paper
Development and Life Cycle of the Indian Monsoon: Effect of the 30–50 Day Oscillation

Abstract The velocity-potential fields generated from the FGGE III-b horizontal winds of the European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts were subjected to an empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis to extract the annual cycle and the 30–50 day mode of the divergent circulations. We found that the Indian monsoon circulation is portrayed by the annual cycle of the divergent circulation and develops as a classical, giant sea-breeze model. On the other hand, this monsoon system is modulated by the planetary-scale 30–50 day low-frequency mode to establish an onset-active-break-revival-retreat life cycle. This modulation is accomplished through the following interaction process. The northeastward propagation of the planetary-scale 30–50 day mode over the Indian monsoon region induces transient local Hadley circulation. Through this type of circulation, the planetary-scale 30–50 day mode couples with and steers northward the low-level, 30-50 day monsoon troughs and ridges that originated around the e...
SR-HARDI: Spatially Regularizing High Angular Resolution Diffusion Imaging

High angular resolution diffusion imaging (HARDI) has recently been of great interest in mapping the orientation of intravoxel crossing fibers, and such orientation information allows one to infer the connectivity patterns prevalent among different brain regions and possible changes in such connectivity over time for various neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases. The aim of this article is to propose a penalized multiscale adaptive regression model (PMARM) framework to spatially and adaptively infer the orientation distribution function (ODF) of water diffusion in regions with complex fiber configurations. In PMARM, we reformulate the HARDI imaging reconstruction as a weighted regularized least-square regression (WRLSR) problem. Similarity and distance weights are introduced to account for spatial smoothness of HARDI, while preserving the unknown discontinuities (e.g., edges between white matter and gray matter) of HARDI. The L1 penalty function is introduced to ensure the sparse solutions of OD...
Abstract 4005: Longterm Survival Among Survivors Of Stroke And Myocardial Infarction In The Third National Health And Nutrition Examination Survey Mortality Follow-up Study.

BACKGROUND: Several studies have demonstrated that the adequacy of secondary prevention is better among survivors of myocardial infarction (MI) compared with the survivors of stroke. We investigated the hypothesis that long-term survival among stroke survivors is lower than survivors of myocardial infarction. METHODS: We identified stroke and MI survivors from a nationally representative sample of 11989 US adults aged 17 to 59 years who participated in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Mortality Follow-up Study. We compared the long-term survival between survivors of stroke and MI and those without any cardiovascular disease using Cox proportional hazards analyses. Potential confounding factors in the association between stroke and MI with death (cardiovascular and all cause) included age, sex, race/ethnicity, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, cigarette smoking, body mass index, and alcohol use. RESULTS: A total of 485 survivors with stroke and 774 survivors with MI were included in the analysis; 74 stroke related, 128 acute MI related, and 356 ischemic heart disease related deaths and 941 all causes deaths were reported during a mean follow-up period of 8.5+/-5.3 years. After adjusting for differences in age, sex, race/ethnicity, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, cholesterol level, cigarette smoking, body mass index, and alcohol use, there was no difference among stroke survivors in likelihood of all-cause mortality (relative risk [RR], 1.1 ; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.9 to 1.3) and cardiovascular death (RR, 0.9; 95% CI, 0.7 to 1.2) compared with persons without cardiovascular disease. CONCLUSION: Survivors of stroke face the same reduction in long-term survival as survivors of MI in the community. Therefore, proportionate efforts are required in public education and secondary prevention to improve long-term survival in these patients.
Isolation of plasma membrane fractions from the intestinal epithelial model T84

The human intestinal epithelial cell line T84 is widely used as a model for studies of Cl- secretion and crypt cell biology. We report a fractionation approach that permits separation of purified apical and basolateral T84 plasma membrane domains. T84 cellular membranes were isolated by nitrogen cavitation and differential centrifugation from monolayers grown on permeable supports. Membranes were then fractionated by isopycnic sucrose density gradient sedimentation, and fractions were assessed, using enzymatic and Western blot techniques, for apical (alkaline phosphatase) and basolateral (Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase) plasma membrane markers and for cytosolic, lysosomal, Golgi, and mitochondrial markers. Buffer conditions were defined that permitted separation of enriched apical and basolateral markers. The validity of the selected markers for the apical and basolateral domains was verified by selective apical and basolateral surface labeling studies using trace iodinated wheat germ agglutinin or biotinylation. This approach allows for separation of apical and basolateral plasma membranes of T84 cells for biochemical analyses and should thus be of broad utility in studies of this model polarized and transporting epithelium.
Primary Care Physician Perspectives on Hepatitis C Management in the Era of Direct-Acting Antiviral Therapy

Primary care physicians (PCPs) play a critical role in the care cascade for patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC). To assess PCP knowledge and perspectives on CHC screening, diagnosis, referral, and treatment. An anonymous survey was distributed to PCPs who participated in routine outpatient care at our hospital. Eighty (36 %) eligible PCPs completed the survey. More than half were females (60 %) aged 36–50 (55 %) from family (44 %) or internal (49 %) medicine. Overall, PCPs correctly identified high-risk populations for screening, though 19 % failed to identify baby boomers and 45 % failed to identify hemodialysis patients as populations to screen. Approximately half reported they were able to screen at risk patients <50 % of the time secondary to time constraints and difficulty assessing if patients had already been screened. 71 % of PCPs reported they refer all newly diagnosed patients to specialty care. 70 % of PCPs did not feel up to date with current treatment. The majority grossly underestimated efficacy, tolerability and ease of administration, and overestimated treatment duration. Only 9 % felt comfortable treating CHC, even those without cirrhosis. Practice patterns were influenced by specialty and Veterans Affairs Hospital affiliation. Although the majority of PCPs are up to date with CHC screening recommendations, few are able to routinely screen in practice. Most PCPs are not up to date with treatment and do not feel comfortable treating CHC. Interventions to overcome screening barriers and expand treatment into primary care settings are needed to maximize access to and use of curative therapies.
Is Disease a Natural Kind

In The Nature of Disease, Lawrie Reznek argues that disease is not a natural kind term. I raise objections to Reznek's two central arguments for establishing that disease is not a natural kind. In criticizing his a priori, conceptual argument against naturalism, I argue that his conclusion rests on a weaker argument that appeals to the empirical diversity in the symptoms and manifestations of disease. I also raise questions about the account of natural kinds which Reznek utilizes and his point that conventions for classification are excluded by there being natural kinds.
DETERMINANTS OF VASCULAR INFLAMMATION USING [18F]-FLUORODEOXYGLUCOSE PET/CT: FINDINGS FROM THE PSORIASIS, ATHEROSCLEROSIS AND CARDIOMETABOLIC DISEASE INITIATIVE (PACI)

Psoriasis (PSO), a chronic inflammatory disease associated with increased CV risk, provides a clinical human model to study inflammatory atherogenesis. We aimed to assess the major determinants of vascular inflammation (VI) measured by 18FDG PET-MRI in a well-phenotyped PSO cohort. 124 consecutive
Ionic Transport and Interfacial Stability of Sulfonate-Modified Fumed Silicas as Nanocomposite Electrolytes

Degussa A200 and R711 fumed silica surfaces were modified by attaching lithium sulfonate groups through alkyl or oligomer chains, respectively, in an attempt to form single-ion conducting fumed silicas: A200-lithium propanesulfonate (A200-LiPS), R711-poly(lithium vinylsulfonate) (R711-pLiVS), and R711-poly(lithium 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonate) (R711-pLiAMPS). Conductivity, lithium transference number, and Li/electrolyte interfacial stability measurements were conducted on nanocomposite electrolytes prepared by dispersing the conducting fumed silicas into solvents consisting of oligomeric polyethylene glycol dimethyl ether (PEGdm), polyethylene oxide (PEO), or PEGdm/PEO blends. Among the three sulfonate-modified fumed silicas, the highest conductivity was always obtained using R711-pLiAMPS. Adding lithium salts to the solvent, such as lithium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI), lithium bis(perfluoroethylenesulfonyl)imide (LiBETI), lithium bis(oxalato)borate (LiBOB), and lithium phosphate (Li3PO4), increases room-temperature conductivity and interfacial stability while maintaining relatively high lithium transference numbers.
Alterations in protein phosphatase 2A subunit interaction in human carcinomas of the lung and colon with mutations in the Aβ subunit gene

Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) consists of three subunits, A, B and C. The A and B subunits have regulatory functions while C is the catalytic subunit. PP2A core enzyme is composed of subunits A and C, and the holoenzyme of subunits A, B and C. All subunits exist as multiple isoforms or splice variants. The A subunit exists as two isoforms, A alpha and A beta. Here we report about the properties of eight A beta mutants, which were found in human lung and colon cancer. These mutants were reconstructed by site-directed mutagenesis and assayed for their ability to bind B and C subunits. Two mutants showed decreased binding of PR72, a member of the B" family of B subunits, but normal C subunit binding; two mutants exhibited decreased binding of the C subunit and of B"/PR72; and one mutant showed increased binding of both the C subunit and B"/PR72. Of three mutants that behaved like the wild-type A beta subunit, one is a polymorphic variant and another one is altered outside the binding region for B and C subunits. Importantly, we also found that the wild-type A alpha and A beta isoforms, although 85% identical, are remarkably different in their ability to bind B and C subunits. Our findings may have important implications in regard to the role of PP2A as a tumor suppressor.
Temperature and Field Induced Strain Measurements in Single Crystal Gd5Si2Ge2

The first-order magneto-structural transformation that occurs in Gd5Si2Ge2 near room temperature makes it a strong candidate for many energy harvesting applications. Understanding the single crystal properties is crucial for allowing simulations of device performance. In this study, magnetically and thermally induced transformation strains were measured in a single crystal of Gd5Si2.05Ge1.95 as it transforms from a high-temperature monoclinic paramagnet to a lower-temperature orthorhombic ferromagnet. Thermally induced transformation strains of −8500 ppm, +960 ppm and +1800 ppm, and magnetically induced transformation strains of −8500 ppm, +900 ppm and +2300 ppm were measured along the a, b and c axes, respectively. Using experimental data coupled with general thermodynamic considerations, a universal phase diagram was constructed showing the transition from the monoclinic to the orthorhombic phase as a function of temperature and magnetic field.
Repeatability of a dynamic rollover test system

ABSTRACTObjective: The goal of this study was to characterize the rollover crash and to evaluate the repeatability of the Dynamic Rollover Test System (DRoTS) in terms of initial roof-to-ground contact conditions, vehicle kinematics, road reaction forces, and vehicle deformation.Methods: Four rollover crash tests were performed on 2 pairs of replicate vehicles (2 sedan tests and 2 compact multipurpose van [MPV] tests), instrumented with a custom inertial measurement unit to measure vehicle and global kinematics and string potentiometers to measure pillar deformation time histories. The road was instrumented with load cells to measure reaction loads and an optical encoder to measure road velocity. Laser scans of pre- and posttest vehicles were taken to provide detailed deformation maps.Results: Initial conditions were found to be repeatable, with the largest difference seen in drop height of 20 mm; roll rate, roll angle, pitch angle, road velocity, drop velocity, mass, and moment of inertia were all 7% dif...
Network Formation During Disasters: Exploring Micro-Level Interorganizational Processes and the Role of National Capacity

ABSTRACTDespite common assumptions about the processes associated with interorganizational network formation, the resulting structures and relevant factors often vary. This variation suggests that there are likely contextual or meta-network variables that moderate the influence of well-established micro-level mechanisms. Because much of the existing research on disaster response networks relies on single case studies, the role of meta-network variables in shaping network formation remains unexplored. We look to fill this gap by comparing network formation patterns in multiple countries that vary in their disaster management capacity. This article uses social network analysis to analyze the formation of response networks after earthquakes in Indonesia, Haiti, and Japan. This study contributes to existing literature by examining how transitivity, homophily, and brokerage vary in their salience under different macro-level constraints. The results suggest that national response capacity may influence the juri...
Surveillance of iodine-salt in villagers in Midong District

Objective:To explore the status of consumption from 2003 to 2009 and quality of iodine-added-salt edibled in residents of Midong District after the implementaition of the universal salt indization.Methods:According to "IDD National surveillance Programme-an expurgated edition",the salt of the farmers was detected by random sampling and routine method.Results:From 2003 to 2009,the rate of qualified iodized salt and the intake rate of qualified iodinated salt was higher than those in 2003.the rate of qualified iodized salt was 100% in 2009.Conclusion:The intake rate of qualified iodinated salt reaches the standard of the sustainable elimination of iodine deficiency disease.
Low-voltage PLC system for AMR based on OFDM

This paper presents a low-voltage PLC system based on OFDM.By using channel coding and sending redundant sub-carriers or symbols in OFDM system,the reliability of system has been improved.The simulation result shows that the system has stronger communication ability to overcome the terrible condition of low-voltage power line.With the advantages of low cost and easy application,the system is available for AMR application in low-voltage PLC system.
National Survey of Burnout among US General Surgery Residents

Background Burnout is a complex syndrome of emotional distress that can disproportionately affect individuals who work in health care professions. Study Design For a national survey of burnout in US general surgery residents, we asked all ACGME-accredited general surgery program directors to email their general surgery residents an invitation to complete an anonymous, online survey. Burnout was assessed with the Maslach Burnout Inventory; total scores for Emotional Exhaustion (EE), Depersonalization (DP), and Personal Accomplishment (PA) subscales were calculated. Burnout was defined as having a score in the highest tertile for EE or DP or lowest tertile for PA. Chi-square tests and one-way ANOVA were used to test associations between burnout tertiles for each subscale and various resident and training-program characteristics as appropriate. Results From April to December 2014, six hundred and sixty-five residents actively engaged in clinical training had data for analysis; 69% met the criterion for burnout on at least one subscale. Higher burnout on each subscale was reported by residents planning private practice careers compared with academic careers. A greater proportion of women than men reported burnout on EE and PA. Higher burnout on EE and DP was associated with greater work hours per week. Having a structured mentoring program was associated with lower burnout on each subscale. Conclusions The high rates of burnout among general surgery residents are concerning, given the potential impact of burnout on the quality of patient care. Efforts to identify at-risk populations and to design targeted interventions to mitigate burnout in surgical trainees are warranted.
Pedagogy of oppression: Reconstruction narratives in Mississippi history textbooks 1887-1976

The goal of this study was to identify and analyze Reconstruction narratives in Mississippi History textbooks from 1887-1981 and identify themes that helped maintain the existing social structure/ hierarchy. The Reconstruction narratives in these texts created a myth of corrupt Reconstruction that was run by others who were characterized as evil, dishonest, ignorant, outsiders, and greedy. This narrative helped to support the maintenance of the existing social order from post Reconstruction through the 1960s and 1970s. It also provided, or reinforced, intellectual arguments used to resist desegregation during the Civil Rights Era.
Scheherazade: crowd-powered interactive narrative generation

Interactive narrative is a form of storytelling in which users affect a dramatic storyline through actions by assuming the role of characters in a virtual world. This extended abstract outlines the SCHEHERAZADE-IF system, which uses crowdsourcing and artificial intelligence to automatically construct text-based interactive narrative experiences.
The Place of Glaciers in Natural and Cultural Landscapes

In the first half of the nineteenth century, glaciers taught us a great lesson about the earth. In the 1820s and 1830s, Swiss naturalists established the existence of the Ice Age. Their key insight was the fact that the small glaciers found at high elevations in mountainous regions were remnants of vast sheets of ice that once had covered large portions of the earth’s surface. They combined many sources — Alpine villagers’ intimate knowledge of mountain landscapes, earlier research by other geologists, and their own extensive explorations — to document the remote periods of the past, when areas that now are towns, fields, and forests had lain under miles of ice. Once they understood that this now-vanished ice had transformed the earth’s surface, they were able to explain features such as the parallel scratches found on rock faces that were engraved by glaciers and the long walls of rocks, stretching across valleys, that were carried by glaciers. Later researchers traced multiple Ice Ages and linked them to the cyclical fluctuations in the earth’s orbit. This first lesson, then, was of the dynamic quality of the earth. Geologists found common elements in the study of the ice sheets and other discoveries that were made around the same time, such as the formation of rocks from sediments deposited on the floor of the sea. They came to understand that the earth was immensely old and always changing. This first lesson faced many challenges, particularly from those who held to a literal interpretation of the Bible, but finally received broad acceptance.
Desmoplastic melanoma presenting as primary alopecia neoplastica: a report of two cases.

Desmoplastic melanoma is an uncommon form of melanoma characterized by atypical spindled melanocytes and abundant collagen deposition. It typically presents in sun-damaged skin of the elderly as an amelanotic, indurated lesion. It has a higher tendency for local recurrence but lower risk of lymph node metastasis vs. conventional malignant melanoma. We report two cases in women aged 59 and 66 who presented with small scalp lesions clinically suggestive of alopecia. The differential diagnosis included alopecia areata, lupus erythematosus and lichen planopilaris. Biopsies performed according to alopecia protocol were reviewed at our institutions. Biopsies revealed atypical spindled and nested epithelioid melanocytes set in a sclerotic dermis with scattered lymphoid aggregates and immunohistochemical expression of S100 protein, features diagnostic of combined desmoplastic melanoma. Wide local excision with skin graft was performed on the older patient. Excision showed combined desmoplastic melanoma with a Breslow thickness of 8.5 mm with melanoma in situ identified in the adjacent epidermis. The other patient sought treatment elsewhere and was lost to follow up. These cases illustrate desmoplastic melanoma as an unusual etiology and dangerous clinical pitfall in patients with scar-like alopecia. To the authors' knowledge, these represent the second and third reported cases of desmoplastic melanoma presenting as primary alopecia neoplastica.
HMOX1 Is a Targeted Therapy for Myeloma-Induced Bone Disease.

Abstract Abstract 2944 Multiple myeloma (MM) bone disease is characterized by increased activity of osteoclasts and reduced osteoblast numbers. We recently reported that cytotherapy with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) promotes bone formation, inhibits bone disease and reduces MM growth (Yaccoby et al., 2006; Li et al., 2011) and that MSCs secrete bone remodeling associated factors such as decorin that directly inhibits osteoclastogenesis and promotes osteoblastogenesis (Li et al., 2012). To shed light on molecular mechanisms associated with the cytotherapeutic effects of MSCs we exploited the SCID-hu model engrafted with MM cells from various patients and cytotherapeutically treated with fetal or healthy donors MSCs. Human global gene expression profile was performed in nonmyelomatous implanted bones (n=5) and in myelomatous implanted bones injected with human MSCs (1×106 cells/bone) and analyzed immediately (control group, n=17) or 24 hours later (n=16). We indentified heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1) as one of the top significant upregulated genes consistently induced by 24 hours cytotherapy using fetal MSCs or MSCs from 3 different donors. HMOX1 induction was confirmed by qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry and was also found to be consistently induced by MSCs cytotherapy in myelomatous bones engrafted with MM cells from different patients (n=4). Further analysis revealed lower expression of HMOX1 in myelomatous versus nonmyelomatous bones. HMOX1, an inducible antioxidant, degrades intracellular heme into carbon monoxide, free iron and biliverdin and is involved in oxidative stress response and intracellular iron homeostasis both of which are known to regulate osteoclastogenesis. Culture of human blood mononucleated cells or committed osteoclast precursors with MSCs (non-contact co-culture) in osteoclastogenic medium supplemented with RANKL and M-CSF inhibited multinucleated osteoclast formation by 70% (p Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Serious Mental Illness

Serious Mental Illness (SMI) refers to a constellation of psychotic illnesses whereby the individual who experiences the disorder experiences unusual beliefs and/or perceptions. Persons with SMI exhibit various mechanisms of illness onset and course of illness according to both genetic and environmental factors. Medical problems, including rehabilitation needs, are significant in this population due to associated effects of the illness on the individual’s life. This chapter explores the assessment and treatment of important domains within a rehabilitation setting for those with SMI including symptomatology, multiculturalism, drug use and medical conditions, substance use, violence, insight, social supports, treatment, and goal setting.