cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Quantitating the production of biological reactive intermediates in target tissues: example, dichloromethane.

Dichloromethane (CH2C12, DCM) is a widely used industrial solvent. In addition to industrial applications such as film processing, it has been used for the preparation of consumer products such as cosmetics, decaffeinated coffee, and paint strippers. With such a wide potential for human exposure to DCM, the need for a good toxicology database is obvious, and a number of acute, subchronic, and chronic studies have been conducted with this material. In general the results from these studies have been reassuring until the National Toxicology Program completed a long term inhalation bioassay of methylene chloride in rats and mice (NTP, 1985).
Sperm preservation and neutron contamination following proton therapy for prostate cancer study

AbstractBackground: The present study investigates the impact of scatter dose radiation to the testis on ejaculate and sperm counts from treatment of prostate cancer with passive-scatter proton therapy.Material and methods: From March 2010 to November 2014, 20 men with low- or intermediate-risk prostate cancer enrolled in an IRB-approved protocol and provided a semen sample prior to passive-scatter proton therapy and 6–12 months following treatment. Men were excluded if they had high-risk prostate cancer, received androgen deprivation therapy, were on alpha blockers (due to retrograde ejaculation) prior to treatment, had baseline sperm count <1 million, or were unable to produce a pre-treatment sample or could not provide a follow-up specimen. Sperm counts of 0 were considered azoospermia and <15 million/ml were classified as oligospermia.Results: Four patients were unable to provide a sufficient quantity of semen for analysis. Among the 16 remaining patients, only one was found to have oligospermia (7 mi...
Extending SME to Handle Large‐Scale Cognitive Modeling

Analogy and similarity are central phenomena in human cognition, involved in processes ranging from visual perception to conceptual change. To capture this centrality requires that a model of comparison must be able to integrate with other processes and handle the size and complexity of the representations required by the tasks being modeled. This paper describes extensions to Structure-Mapping Engine (SME) since its inception in 1986 that have increased its scope of operation. We first review the basic SME algorithm, describe psychological evidence for SME as a process model, and summarize its role in simulating similarity-based retrieval and generalization. Then we describe five techniques now incorporated into the SME that have enabled it to tackle large-scale modeling tasks: (a) Greedy merging rapidly constructs one or more best interpretations of a match in polynomial time: O(n2 log(n)); (b) Incremental operation enables mappings to be extended as new information is retrieved or derived about the base or target, to model situations where information in a task is updated over time; (c) Ubiquitous predicates model the varying degrees to which items may suggest alignment; (d) Structural evaluation of analogical inferences models aspects of plausibility judgments; (e) Match filters enable large-scale task models to communicate constraints to SME to influence the mapping process. We illustrate via examples from published studies how these enable it to capture a broader range of psychological phenomena than before.
Consumer-photo quality assessment: Challenges and pitfalls in crowdsourcing

We discuss caveats and challenges in crowdsourcing subjective image quality evaluation studies that use real consumer photos with non-simulated distortions. The subtle nature of consumer image artifacts as well as the nuanced quality differences among photos from various consumer devices, necessitate that crowdsourcing studies be designed with extra caution. In this work, we point out certain caveats to look for in the literature, and we draw attention to and discuss the consequences of various design choices on the subjective responses received. The design choices include: 1) stimulus viewing mode, 2) stimulus habituation, 3) study length, and 4) the location of a number of attention items within the study. We show how these design parameters are key to maximizing response correspondence with lab-based responses, and we emphasize to how this differs from tests that utilize simulated image distortions.
Consensus values, regressions, and weighting factors

An extension to the theory of consensus values is presented. Consensus values are calculated from averages obtained from different sources of measurement. Each source may have its own variability. For each average a weighting factor is calculated, consisting of contributions from both the within- and the betweensource variability. An iteration procedure is used and calculational details are presented. An outline of a proof for the convergence of the procedure is given. Consensus values are described for both the case of the weighted average and the weighted regression.
The Storyteller on DataGetting Past the Creepiness Factor

The term “big data” is joining “convergence,” “synergy,” and “information superhighway” as one of the most overhyped and least understood terms of the digital era. The problem is that we hear these terms constantly before they become part of our lives, and when they do, we are tired of their overuse and unsure about what they actually mean. Dan Ariely understood this problem about big data when he famously declared: “Big data is like teenage sex: everyone talks about it, nobody really knows how to do it, everyone thinks everyone else is doing it, so everyone claims they are doing it.”24
Latanoprost-Eluting Contact Lenses in Glaucomatous Monkeys

Purpose To assess the ability of latanoprost-eluting contact lenses to lower the intraocular pressure (IOP) of glaucomatous eyes of cynomolgus monkeys. Design Preclinical efficacy study of 3 treatment arms in a crossover design. Participants Female cynomolgus monkeys with glaucoma induced in 1 eye by repeated argon laser trabeculoplasty. Methods Latanoprost-eluting low-dose contact lenses (CL LO ) and high-dose contact lenses (CL HI ) were produced by encapsulating a thin latanoprost-polymer film within the periphery of a methafilcon hydrogel, which was lathed into a contact lens. We assessed the IOP-lowering effect of CL LO , CL HI , or daily latanoprost ophthalmic solution in the same monkeys. Each monkey consecutively received 1 week of continuous-wear CL LO , 3 weeks without treatment, 5 days of latanoprost drops, 3 weeks without treatment, and 1 week of continuous-wear CL HI . On 2 consecutive days before initiation of each study arm, the IOP was measured hourly over 7 consecutive hours to establish the baseline IOP. Two-tailed Student t tests and repeated-measures analysis of variance were used for statistical analysis. Main Outcome Measures Intraocular pressure. Results Latanoprost ophthalmic solution resulted in IOP reduction of 5.4±1.0 mmHg on day 3 and peak IOP reduction of 6.6±1.3 mmHg on day 5. The CL LO reduced IOP by 6.3±1.0, 6.7±0.3, and 6.7±0.3 mmHg on days 3, 5, and 8, respectively. The CL HI lowered IOP by 10.5±1.4, 11.1±4.0, and 10.0±2.5 mmHg on days 3, 5, and 8, respectively. For the CL LO and CL HI , the IOP was statistically significantly reduced compared with the untreated baseline at most time points measured. The CL HI demonstrated greater IOP reduction than latanoprost ophthalmic solution on day 3 ( P = 0.001) and day 5 ( P = 0.015), and at several time points on day 8 ( P Conclusions Sustained delivery of latanoprost by contact lenses is at least as effective as delivery with daily latanoprost ophthalmic solution. More research is needed to determine the optimal continuous-release dose that would be well tolerated and maximally effective. Contact lens drug delivery may become an option for the treatment of glaucoma and a platform for ocular drug delivery.
A Dynamic Regulation of Platelet Secretion by Septin Proteins.

Abstract Septins form a cytosolic protein family gaining recognition as important effectors in molecular mechanisms involving membrane rearrangements, such as cytokinesis and exocytosis. So far, twelve different members of the family (named SEPT1 to SEPT12) have been characterized in mammals, and their roles are not limited to those mentioned above, but embrace a large number of physiological and pathophysiological events. In particular, reports have associated septins with cancer, apoptosis and neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we further characterize the platelet septin, SEPT5 (formerly CDCrel-1) as a regulator of platelet physiology. SEPT5 is highly expressed in megakaryocytes, heart and brain and is directly linked to secretion mechanisms in both platelets and neurons. In neurons, SEPT5 negatively modulates neurotransmitter release and has recently been implicated in mechanisms leading to development of schizophrenia in rat models. In platelets, we and others have shown that SEPT5 is preferentially located around α-granules and associates with syntaxin 4 and other members of the septin protein family (SEPT4 and SEPT8) to form a cytoplasmic macromolecular complex. Work from other laboratories has linked SEPT5 to different members of the SNARE family such as syntaxin 1A, the sec6/8 complex, and SNAP25. We have found the overexpression of mouse SEPT5 is associated with fewer α-granules but those present are larger in size suggesting levels of Sept5 maintain normal α-granule size. In a murine model of SEPT5 deficiency, platelets display an increased sensitivity to platelet agonists such as collagen and the thromboxane analogue U46619. To date, SEPT5 is the only mammalian septin whose relevance has been tested in a mouse knockout model. Our current studies use a lumi-aggregometer to document the active secretion of ATP in SEPT5 deficient platelets. Platelets lacking SEPT5 are more responsive to submaximal concentrations of acid insoluble fibrillar type I collagen (
A Staged Approach to Educating Nurses in Health Policy.

Nurse leaders and health-care experts agree that nurses have a responsibility to address the health problems facing the nation by participating in health policy development. However, nurses have not fully realized their potential when it comes to engaging in health policy advocacy and leadership. Nurse leaders, professional nursing organizations, accrediting bodies, and the Institute of Medicine have all identified the need to educate nurses in heath policy. Valuable recommendations for content and learning activities in health policy have been made. We argue that nursing education in health policy and the many recommendations offered have been broad and overly ambitious. This article presents a proposal for a staged approach to educating nurses. This approach would tailor content to the role of the nurse at each level of nursing education. The focus of health policy content would progress from the organizational level to local, state, and finally national level health policies. The goal of this approach ...
Intensive care admissions among ovarian cancer patients treated with primary debulking surgery and neoadjuvant chemotherapy-interval debulking surgery.

Abstract Objective Admissions to intensive care units (ICU) are costly, but are necessary for some patients undergoing radical cancer surgery. When compared to primary debulking surgery (PDS), neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) with interval debulking surgery, is associated with less peri-operative morbidity. In this study, we compare rates, indications and lengths of ICU stays among ovarian cancer patients admitted to the ICU within 30days of cytoreduction, either primary or interval. Methods A retrospective chart review was performed of patients with stage III-IV ovarian cancer who underwent surgical cytoreduction at two large academic medical centers between 2010 and 2014. Chi square tests, Student t -tests, and Mann- U Whitney tests were used. Results A total of 635 patients were included in the study. There were 43 ICU admissions, 7% of patients. Compared to NACT, a higher percentage of PDS patients required ICU admission, 9.4% vs 3.9% of patients (P=0.004). ICU admission indications did not vary between PDS and NACT patients. NACT patients admitted to the ICU had comparable mean surgical complexity scores to those PDS patients admitted to the ICU, 6.2 (95%CI 5.3–7.1) vs 4.5 (95%CI 3.1–6.0) (P=0.006). Length of ICU admission did not vary between groups, PDS 2.7days (95%CI 2.3–3.2) vs 3.5days (95%CI 1.5–5.6) for NACT (P=0.936). Conclusions The rate of ICU admissions among patients undergoing PDS is higher than for NACT. Among patients admitted to the ICU, indications for admission, length of stay and surgical complexity were similar between patients treated with NACT and PDS.
The Dual Role of Graphene As a Catalyst Support and Protection Cap for Monolayer Pt Catalysts

Production of cost-effective polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell materials has been of a great interest over the past decade. At the cathode side, the oxygen reductionreaction (ORR) is the key reaction, for which Pt remains the most widely used catalyst. In order to leapfrog the current limits to Pt use, three main targets have to be achieved. First, is an enhancement of the catalytic activity per Pt atom; second, is a reduction of Pt loading; and third is an increase the catalyst longevity. Here, we demonstrate the dual role of single graphene layer, both as a growth platform and as a protective cap for 2D Pt monolayers catalysts, where all three targets can be achieved. Using iterative under potential deposition (UPD), monolayers layers of Pt catalyst are grown on top of a monolayer graphene sheet, supported on 50 nm (111) Au substrate. X-ray absorption spectroscopic (XAS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis show that Pt monolayers growth is dictated by the graphene-teplated epitaxy. Intimate contact between Pt/graphene induces a localized compressive strain on Pt monolayers ranges 3-10% with an overall compressive strain of 3.5% according to extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) analysis. In addition, cyclic voltammetry (CV) analysis shows Pt monolayers fully wetting ~100 mm2area of graphene under-layer with only a ~1 nm ultra-thin layer of Pt, while avoiding ripening as shown through TEM images. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) analysis demonstrates that Pt monolayers prefer to follow Frank-van der Merwe growth (i.e. layer-by-layer growth mode) rather than Volmer-Weber growth (i.e. island growth mode), where root mean square (rms) of surface roughness remains quite similar while increasing Pt loading is increased. Pt/graphene hybrid catalysts show superior catalytic activity for ORR relative to the graphene-free counterparts. A combination of the graphene-imposed compressive strain and electron transfer, push the Pt d-band center up, lowering the overpotential needed for ORR to occur. The graphene/Pt hybrid also show superior activity towards ORR for all shallow Pt mass loadings relative to graphene-free cases, which can be attributed to the interface strain. Due to their intimate epitaxial contact, graphene and Pt, therefore, form a new hybrid catalyst that outperforms Pt. Furthermore, the graphene/Pt cap hybrid shows the graphene protecting Pt MLs from both dissolution and from ripening, with almost no Pt loss after 1000 fuel cell operating cycles. Our demonstration of a graphene-Pt hybrid opens the door for graphene/metal or metal/graphene architectures with potential applications in, and not limited to, energy, thermo-electric and electronics field. Figure 1
Mildred S. Dresselhaus (1930–2017): A fierce force of harmony

Prof. Mildred S. Dresselhaus, fondly known as “Millie” and “Queen of Carbon Science,” passed away at age 86 on February 20, 2017. She was a pioneer in the research of carbon nanomaterials, a giant in experimental condensed matter physics, a fine musician, a compassionate mentor and role model to young people, a strong advocate for women in science and engineering, and a selfless and impactful citizen of the scientific community.
Carotid Web (Intimal Fibromuscular Dysplasia) Has High Stroke Recurrence Risk and Is Amenable to Stenting

Background and Purpose—Carotid webs have been increasingly recognized as a cause of recurrent stroke, but evidence remains scarce. We aim to report the clinical outcomes and first series of carotid...
Ordering Reaction of the Cu4Pd Alloy

The alloy Cu4Pd has a disordered face-centered-cubic structure when quenched from temperatures between 478°C and the melting point (about 1100°C). Below 478°C an ordered phase is stable. The results of a Debye-Scherrer X-ray analysis indicate that the ordered phase has a tetragonal unit cell described by the space group C24h − P 42/m with 2 Cu in 2a, 2 Cu in 2f, 4 Cu in 4j (x = 0.2, y = 0.6), 4Pd in 4j (x = 0.4, y = 0.2), and 8 Cu in 8k (x = 0.1, y = 0.3). The orientation relationship between the face-centered-cubic phase and the ordered tetragonal phase is given by: The behavior of Cu4Pd is typical of ordering alloys except that the transformation is very sluggish. The increase in hardness and the microstructural and X-ray diffraction effects are interpreted in terms of coherency strains caused by the ordering.
Lovers of God’s Law: The Politics of Higher Law and the Ethics of Civil Disobedience

When Sister Cynthia Brinkman took the stand at her 2004 trial for trespass, with apocalyptic imagery and a theatrical sensibility she spoke of her love of God’s law and the binding force of relatio...
Recent application examples of FNET/GridEye

As a pilot wide-area monitoring system (WAMS), FNET/GridEye monitors the bulk power systems using a network of GPS-synchronized sensors and a wide variety of FNET/GridEye applications have been spawned in the past years. In this paper, following a brief description of the FNET/GridEye historical developments, several recent examples of FNET/GridEye applications are introduced.
Rape Law Reform in Six Jurisdictions

There is considerable variability in the rape law reforms adopted by the states. Some jurisdictions embraced all of the reforms described in Chapter 1, while others enacted very limited changes. Some states enacted “strong” versions of a particular reform, others enacted “weak” versions. Some reform statutes reflect feminist conceptions of rape, others reflect more traditional views (Berger, Searles, and Newman, 1988). A few legislatures passed comprehensive reform bills, whereas others adopted individual changes over a number of years.
Parity Violating Effects in Atoms

Atomic physics, with its ultraprecise and often extraordinary imaginative techniques, holds the promise of being able to answer the important question: “Are the semileptonic neutral weak currents parity violating?” before high-energy physics will do so. This question is today of great topical interest, since we know experimentally that such currents exist; a cogent discussion of the problem was however already presented in 1965 by F.C. Michel1), a physicist who had earlier explored the consequences of parity-violating weak N-P forces.
Probabilistic Potential Theory

Consider a random subset K of ℝ d . A basic problem in probabilistic potential theory is the following: For what nonrandom sets E is ℙ(K ∩ E ≠ o) positive ? The archetypal example of such a set K is the range of a random field. Let X = (X t ; t ∈ ℝ + N ) denote an N-parameter stochastic process that takes its values in ℝ d and consider the random set K = {X s : s ∈ ℝ + N }.1 For this particular random set K, the above question translates to the following: When does the random function X ever enter a given nonrandom set E with positive probability? Even though we will study a large class of random fields in the next chapter, the solution to the above problem is sufficiently involved that it is best to start with the easiest one-parameter case, which is the subject of the present chapter. Even in this simpler one-parameter setting, it is not clear, a priori, why such problems are interesting. Thus, our starting point will be the analysis of recurrence phenomena for one-parameter Markov processes that have nice properties. To illustrate the key ideas without having to deal with too many technical issues, our discussion of recurrence concentrates on Levy processes. The astute reader may recognize Section 1 below as the continuous-time analogue of the results of the first section of Chapter 3.
Stunning Is Not a Problem

To “stun” has been defined in several ways. The Webster dictionary provides synonyms of “to make senseless,” “to daze or stupefy,” or “to shock deeply.” The adjective form also means excellent or attractive. None of these definitions accurately represent “stunning” in relation to the treatment of thyroid cancer. Stunning entails that a diagnostic dose of radioiodine (131I) can sufficiently damage the thyroid, making follicular cells incapable of trapping subsequent therapeutic 131I (1,2). It is true that some of us were stupefied when the concept was first presented. Early reports implied that there would be no uptake of therapy. Thus, when a pretreatment diagnostic scan was compared to a posttherapy scan, the latter showed absence of uptake at one or more sites. Subsequently, the term was expanded to include the possibility that the percentage uptake of the therapeutic dose would be less than that of the prior diagnostic scintiscan, i.e., a quantitatively different finding. Lastly, the term “stunning” was expanded to include a poorer outcome after treatment than when there was no diagnostic dose prescribed or when an alternative imaging agent, such as 123I, is used in place of 131I (3,4).
Deep Generative Classifiers for Thoracic Disease Diagnosis with Chest X-ray Images

Thoracic diseases are serious health problems that plague a significant amount of people. Chest X-ray is currently one of the most popular methods to diagnose thoracic diseases and plays an important role in the healthcare workflow. With the success of deep learning in computer vision, a growing number of deep neural network architectures were applied to chest X-ray image classification. However, most of the previous deep neural network classifiers were based on deterministic architectures which are usually noise-sensitive and are likely to overfit the training data. In this paper, to make a deep architecture more robust to noise and to reduce overfitting, we propose using deep generative classifiers to automatically diagnose thorax diseases from the chest X-ray images. Unlike the traditional deterministic classifier, a deep generative classifier learns a distribution for each input in a middle layer of the deep neural network. A sampling layer then draws a random sample from the distribution and input it to the following layer for classification. The classifier is generative because the class label is generated from samples of a related distribution. Through training the model with a certain amount of randomness, the deep generative classifiers are expected to be robust to noise and can reduce overfitting and then achieve good performances. We implemented our deep generative classifiers based on some well-known deterministic neural network architectures and tested our models on the chest X-ray14 dataset. The results demonstrated the superiority of deep generative classifiers over the corresponding deep deterministic classifiers.
Adamantinoma-like Ewing Sarcoma of the Salivary Glands: A Newly Recognized Mimicker of Basaloid Salivary Carcinomas

Adamantinoma-like Ewing sarcoma (ALES) is a rare tumor that demonstrates the EWSR1-FLI1 translocation characteristic of Ewing sarcoma despite overt epithelial differentiation including diffuse expression of cytokeratins and p40. Most cases of ALES described to date have occurred in the head and neck
The arrival time of mode one in a stochastic ocean

The travel time for end of the final finale is often used is in inversion algorithms for acoustic tomography experiments when there is impreciseness due to ship and mooring positions and/or motions. The rationale is the first mode has the maximum slowness and higher order ones must arrive earlier, so the finale must solely be composed of energy from the first mode. This places a constraint on the tomographic sections, e.g., on the summation of the ray path or mode group slownesses. In a two papers Dozier and Tappert (JASA, 1978) examined the re population of the mode space for signals propagating in a stochastic ocean described by a Garrett & Munk model for internal waves. In the limit of an energy conserving ocean, i.e. no loss through boundaries, the limit of the population goes to an equipartition population density which was verified by numerical experiments. For more realistic oceans with boundary losses, the limit is a race between loss and scattering. This complicates what can be well identified as mode one at long ranges at low SNR's. We perform a numerical experiment by spatial filtering for mode one along the range dependent path to select just its energy in the finale. Earlier NUMERICAL studies by the author, (JASA, 1998) suggests just five percent of the energy remained at one megameter ranges with a 1/2 Garrett/Munk ocean. [Work supported by ONR.]The travel time for end of the final finale is often used is in inversion algorithms for acoustic tomography experiments when there is impreciseness due to ship and mooring positions and/or motions. The rationale is the first mode has the maximum slowness and higher order ones must arrive earlier, so the finale must solely be composed of energy from the first mode. This places a constraint on the tomographic sections, e.g., on the summation of the ray path or mode group slownesses. In a two papers Dozier and Tappert (JASA, 1978) examined the re population of the mode space for signals propagating in a stochastic ocean described by a Garrett & Munk model for internal waves. In the limit of an energy conserving ocean, i.e. no loss through boundaries, the limit of the population goes to an equipartition population density which was verified by numerical experiments. For more realistic oceans with boundary losses, the limit is a race between loss and scattering. This complicates what can be well identified as...
Trends in Stadium and Arena Construction, 1995-2016

A total of 50 stadiums and arenas opened between 1995 and 2005 including: 12 new baseball stadiums, five basketball arenas, ten hockey arenas, eight dual use NBA/NHL venues and 16 football fields. And it’s far from over: the New York Yankees, Minnesota Twins, Washington Nationals, New York Mets and St. Louis Cardinals of Major League Baseball and the Arizona Cardinals, Indianapolis Colts, Minnesota Vikings, New York Giants, New York Jets and Dallas Cowboys of the NFL will all receive new stadiums between 2006 and 2010. This paper summarizes recent and emerging trends associated with the capacity, cost, public subsidy and accompanying legislative characteristics of stadium and arena construction.
Brain size growth in Australopithecus.

Abstract Postnatal growth is one of the proximate means by which humans attain massive adult brain size. Humans are characterized by the maintenance of prenatal brain growth rates into the first postnatal year, as well as an overall extended period of growth. The evolution of this pattern is difficult to assess due to its relatively brief duration and the underrepresentation of well-preserved fossil individuals who died during this short period. In this study, I use Monte Carlo methods to reconstruct postnatal brain growth rates in Australopithecus afarensis and Australopithecus africanus, based on estimates of neonatal brain size and of likely brain size and age at death of infant specimens (A.L. 333-105, DIK-1-1, and Taung). Neonatal brain size is reconstructed from the empirical scaling relationship among catarrhines which humans follow, and conservative estimates of fossils' chronological ages and brain sizes are drawn from the literature. Simulated distributions of these values are used to calculate average annual rates (ARs) of brain growth and proportional size change from birth (PSC), which are compared to resampled statistics from humans, chimpanzees and gorillas of known age and sex. Simulated ARs and PSCs for A. afarensis are significantly lower than those of chimpanzees and gorillas. Both ARs and PSCs for A. africanus are similar to chimpanzee and gorilla values. These results indicate that although these early hominins were derived in some aspects of brain anatomy, high rates of brain growth did not appear until later in human evolution. Moreover, findings also imply that brain growth rates are not a simple function of adult brain size. This study provides important new information about the evolution of brain growth, despite limitations inherent in fossil samples.
SPEC CPU2017: Performance, Event, and Energy Characterization on the Core i7-8700K

Computer engineers in academia and industry rely on a standardized set of benchmarks to quantitatively evaluate the performance of computer systems and research prototypes. SPEC CPU2017 is the most recent incarnation of standard benchmarks designed to stress a system's processor, memory subsystem, and compiler. This paper describes the results of measurement-based studies focusing on characterization, performance, and energy-efficiency analyses of SPEC CPU2017 on the Intel's Core i7-8700K. Intel and GNU compilers are used to create executable files utilized in performance studies. The results show that executables produced by the Intel compilers are superior to those produced by GNU compilers. We characterize all the benchmarks, perform a top-down microarchitectural analysis to identify performance bottlenecks, and test benchmark scalability with respect to performance and energy. Findings from these studies can be used to guide future performance evaluations and computer architecture research
How Do Parent Psychopathology and Family Income Impact Treatment Gains in a School-Based Intervention for Trauma?

The current study examined the impacts of parent psychopathology and family socioeconomic status on symptom reduction for children participating in Bounce Back, a school-based intervention for elementary students exposed to trauma. Participants in this study were 52 first through fourth graders (Mage= 7.76; 65% male) who were predominately Latinx (82%). Schools were randomly assigned to immediate treatment or waitlist control. Children whose parents reported higher socioeconomic status showed steeper declines in symptoms compared to lower socioeconomic status. Further, children of parents who endorsed high PTSD symptoms reported attenuated treatment effects, whereas children of parents who endorsed high hostility reported enhanced treatment effects. Although Bounce Back is an effective intervention for reducing PTSD symptoms and improving coping skills among children exposed to trauma and other ongoing stressors, treatment gains are attenuated for children from families with low socioeconomic status, and parent psychopathology also impacts treatment effects. The effectiveness of Bounce Back may vary based on socioeconomic status and parent psychopathology. Future research should examine methods of tailoring Bounce Back for children coping with economic stress and parent psychopathology.
Dynamic vaccination game in a heterogeneous mixing population

Abstract Opposition to vaccination has long been a non-negligible public health phenomenon resulted from people’s varied perceptions toward vaccination (e.g., vaccine-phobia). This paper investigates the voluntary vaccination behavior of a heterogeneous population during an epidemic outbreak, where each individual makes its own vaccination decision to minimize its expected disutility from both vaccine-phobia and the risk of infection. Such a problem is known as a vaccination game, as people’s vaccination decisions not only affect their own disutilities but those of all others through probabilistic disease transmissions. To study the vaccination game, the susceptible–infected–removed disease propagation process is generalized into a new epidemic dynamics model to allow dynamic vaccination and immunity activation in a heterogeneous mixing population. An efficient computation method is proposed to evaluate the final state of the dynamic epidemic system. Then, a classic game-theoretical equilibrium model is built upon these results to examine the impacts of people’s vaccination behavior on the overall risk of epidemic outbreak. A hypothetical case study is used to validate the dynamics model and the derived results, and extensive numerical experiments are conducted to identify the key factors that affect people’s vaccination decisions and the risk of an outbreak. Moreover, three alternative vaccination schemes are also studied to examine the effects of early and non-differential vaccination treatments, respectively.
An evaluation of proactive psychiatric consults on general medical units

Abstract Objective Recent studies have shown an association between proactive psychiatric consultation on medical units and shorter length of stay. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of implementing a proactive psychiatric consult service on general medical units in an urban teaching hospital on length of stay and qualitative measurement of satisfaction of adequacy of psychiatric services. Methods Bivariate and multivariate analyses of demographic, clinical and outcome data were performed comparing patients seen by the proactive psychiatric consult team, patients seen contemporaneously on other general medical units by a traditional, reactive consult team and patients seen the prior year on the proactive intervention units by the reactive consult team. Length of stay was the primary outcome examined. Regression modeling was performed to assess further the relationship of length of stay with the three groups. Nursing and physician staff were queried before and after intervention regarding satisfaction with psychiatric resources on the intervention units. Results Patients seen by the proactive team had shorter length of stay than those seen by contemporaneous reactive consult team ( p = 0.005) or the prior year by the reactive team on the intervention units ( p = 0.005). There was no significant difference between the latter two groups. Time to consult was also shorter for patients seen through the proactive model than the reactive model on other units at the same time (0.01) or the preceding year ( Conclusions Proactive psychiatric consultation in our study correlated with shorter time to consult, shorter length of stay, and improved staff satisfaction compared to a reactive consult model.
Effectiveness of transdermal nicotine patch in premenopausal female smokers is moderated by within-subject severity of negative affect and physical symptoms

Nicotine patches may be less effective in female compared with male smokers. However, it is unknown if negative affect and physical symptoms influence transdermal nicotine patch–related effects on smoking behaviors. Eighty-one acutely tobacco-abstinent premenopausal female smokers attended three counter-balanced experimental sessions across the menstrual cycle (early follicular, late follicular, and mid-luteal) and were randomized to patch condition (nicotine [21 mg] vs. placebo [0 mg] transdermal patch). Negative affect and physical symptoms were assessed prior to patch administration. The patch was removed 5 h post-administration, and participants completed a smoking reinstatement task. Multilevel linear models tested associations of patch condition, negative affect and physical symptoms, and their interaction on smoking behavior. There was a significant patch condition × Negative Affect and Pain symptoms interaction on the number of cigarettes smoked (p < 0.05). When Negative Affect and Pain were lower-than-usual, females administered a nicotine patch smoked significantly fewer cigarettes than females administered a placebo patch (p < .05), but there were no significant patch differences when Negative Affect and Pain were higher-than-usual. There was also a significant patch condition × Negative Affect interaction on time delay. The effects of patch condition on time delay to smoking were greater during sessions in which Negative Affect was higher-than-usual. Results suggest that among female smokers transdermal nicotine patch effectiveness may interact with negative affect and pain. Understanding and considering female-specific factors that may impact the efficacy of one of the most commonly used cessation medications is important for improving smoking cessation in female smokers.
The effects of molds and fungi on young children’s health: Families’ and educators’ roles in maintaining indoor air quality

This article identifies the types of common and toxic mold that are found in homes, schools, and child care centers; explains the negative health effects of mold for infants and young children; discusses ways of preventing and controlling mold in homes, schools, and child care centers; and recommends appropriate responses to the international health issue of maintaining indoor air quality.
Cryopreservation of Germ Stem Cells in Fish

Germ cells have drawn much attention as gamete precursors because of their exceptional potential for fundamental biological studies, as well as for being a potential alternative to gene resource banking for breeding and restocking purposes via surrogacy. Research has developed markers for germ cell identification, shedding light on their origin and specification mechanism. Then, pioneering studies focused on germ cell transplantation into the surrogate host with donor-derived gamete production have followed suit. The advent of transgenic technologies allowed the development of lines expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) in their germ cells exclusively or the use of artificially synthesised mRNA conjugated with GFP to label and trace germ cells in vivo and facilitate studies on transplantation. The power of germ cell manipulation techniques was significantly enhanced by the development of a wide range of cryopreservation methods; with these approaches, valuable genetic material can be cryopreserved even during the blastula stage, as well as harvested from an adult specimen. In turn, the germ cells in the cryogenic storage can be recovered by transplantation in the surrogate host, producing donor-derived gametes after maturation. The aim of this chapter is to provide basic knowledge about a relatively novel biotechnological approach in fish reproduction and summarise performed studies on germ cell cryopreservation.
Edge-Based Traffic Flow Data Collection Method Using Onboard Monocular Camera

AbstractTraffic data collection is the fundamental step in most applications of intelligent transportation systems (ITS). Recently, traffic data collection methods have become more robust and diver...
The Growing Partisan Gap among Women in Congress

The gender gap between female and male voters receives much attention during election season. But the partisan gap among women in Congress is a dramatically bigger gulf and arguably holds much more significant consequences for our democracy. This gap has been caused by long-term, structural changes in American electoral politics—specifically, the regional, racial and ideological realignments of the two major political parties.
Adaptations in trunk-pelvis coordination variability in response to fatiguing exercise.

Abstract Background During walking, variability in how movement is coordinated between body segments from stride to stride facilitates adaptation to changing environmental or task constraints. Magnitude of this inter-segmental coordination variability is reduced in patient populations and may also decrease in response to muscle fatigue. Previously, stride-to-stride variability has been quantified with the Vector Coding (VC) method, however recent research introduced a new Ellipse Area Method (EAM) to avoid statistical artifacts associated with VC. Research question Determine changes in trunk-pelvis coordination variability during walking turns in response to fatiguing exercise and to compare coordination variability quantified with VC to the EAM method. Methods 15 young adults (mean age: 23.7 (±3.2) years) performed 15 trials of a 90-degree walking turn before and after fatiguing paraspinal muscle exercise. Angular kinematics of the trunk and pelvis segments in the axial plane were quantified using three-dimensional motion capture. Stride to stride variability of axial coordination between the trunk and pelvis pre- and post-fatigue was calculated using both VC and EAM methods. Magnitudes of pre- and post-fatigue variability for VC and EAM were compared with paired t-tests and relationship between the magnitude of variability for the two methods was calculated using Pearson correlation coefficients. Results Using both analytical approaches, trunk-pelvis coordination variability decreased significantly post-fatiguing exercise across the stride cycle and within the stance phase of the turn (p Significance In healthy individuals, magnitude of trunk-pelvis stride-to-stride coordination variability is reduced following fatiguing exercise but the temporal distribution of variability across the stride cycle is maintained. This finding is robust to the method used to quantify coordination variability.
Disparities in Stage-Specific Guideline-Concordant Cancer-Directed Treatment for Patients with Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma

The utilization of cancer-directed treatment for patients with all stages of pancreatic cancer in the USA is unknown. This study sought to examine national practice patterns and identify patient, hospital, regional, and other factors associated with disparities in the use of guideline-concordant cancer-directed therapy. Patients diagnosed with PDAC between 2004 and 2015 were queried from the National Cancer Data Base. Standard of care cancer-directed treatment was defined as surgical resection plus chemotherapy or chemoradiation for patients with stage 1 and 2 disease, chemotherapy for patients with metastatic disease (stage 4), and chemotherapy with or without surgery or chemoradiation for patients with locally advanced stage 3 disease. A total of 336,629 patients with stage 1 (n = 38,443, 11.4%), stage 2 (n = 93,923, 27.9%), stage 3 (n = 37,492, 11.1%), or stage 4 metastatic (n = 166,771, 49.5%) disease were identified. Adherence with stage-specific standard of care treatment occurred in only 45.3% (n = 152,560) of patients among the entire cohort and varied by stage of disease (stage 1: 14.6% vs. stage 2: 39.9% vs. stage 3: 67.6%, vs. stage 4: 50.9%). Older age (OR 0.95, 95%CI 0.94–0.95; p < 0.001), female sex (OR 0.94, 95%CI 0.943–0.97; p < 0.001), African Americans (OR 0.89, 95%CI 0.87–0.91; P < 0.001), and increasing comorbidity burden (Charlson-Deyo score ≥3: OR 0.52, 95%CI 0.50–0.55; P < 0.001) were associated with a lower likelihood of receiving stage-specific standard of care treatment. Conversely, treatment at a high-volume center (quartile 4: OR: 1.13, 95%CI 1.10–1.16; P < 0.001) and higher education level (OR 1.32, 95%CI 1.28–1.36; p < 0.001) was associated with higher likelihood of receiving stage-specific standard of care treatment. Patients who received standard of care treatment had a 47% lower risk of death compared with patients who did not receive standard of care treatment (HR 0.53, 95%CI 0.52–0.53; P < 0.001). Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is a complex disease requiring a multi-disciplinary approach for optimal outcomes. Receipt of stage-specific standard of care treatment for PDAC is associated with improved long-term oncological outcomes, but is only achieved in less than half of patients. Further studies are needed to evaluate interventions to address these treatment disparities for patients with PDAC.
Comparative Analysis of CNN models to diagnose Breast Cancer

Artificial Intelligence based medical diagnosis is a new approach in medical field, wherein pathologists are no need to work with glass, but they are using pixels to identify the disease (medical imaging). The scanned images can be sent to any place of the world for testing. Using Artificial intelligence approach, we are using machine learning algorithms to diagnose the disease by comparing the existed dataset in the software. Breast cancer is brain cell’s disorder that leads to cell to degenerate and inactive. This will be a reason of dementia. The symptoms of dementia are decreasing of thinking capability, behavioral, communication skills that affects people’s ability to act independently. In this paper we compare different machine learning approaches, like Support Vector Machine (SVM), Fast RCNN, Faster RCNN, which are used to diagnose Breast cancer. We analyzed training time and testing time of different object detection algorithms.
Experiencing Shame: How Does Gender Affect the Interpersonal Dynamics of Restorative Justice?:

Although reintegrative shaming theory suggests that, in comparison to males, females are more interdependent and thus susceptible to reintegrative rather than disintegrative shaming, it is unclear ...
Epidemiology and the Role of Sunlight

Age-adjusted mortality rates of colorectal [1] breast [2, 3] ovarian [4] and prostate cancer [5-7] rise with increasing distance from the equator and tend to be highest in areas with the least winter sunlight. Distinctive changes in mortality rates from colon cancer occur in migrants from low-risk to high-risk areas of the world [8]. Breast cancer rates in the daughters of women who migrate across approximately 10 degrees of more of latitude differ dramatically from rates in the parents’ country of origin, and, in general, from rates in the mother [9]. These and other findings suggest that both diseases have a largely environmental or dietary etiology [8,9]. Mortality rates from both cancers rise in migrants from low to high latitudes and decline with migration from high to low latitudes.
BK Virus (BKV): Infection, Propagation, Quantitation, Purification, Labeling, and Analysis of Cell Entry

BK virus (BKV) can cause BKV nephritis in renal transplant patients and has become a significant reason of graft loss in this decade. BKV is latent in the urogenital tract and most likely is transported with the donor kidney to recipients. BKV replication occurs in the nucleus of human renal proximal tubular cells (HRPTEC) and daughter viruses are delivered to other cells to spread infection. A few in vitro studies have been reported about the mechanism and kinetics of BKV infection. However there are still a lot of unknown factors about BKV infection. This unit describes the handling of BKV, BKV propagation, determination of titer and ability to infect cells, as well as purification and labeling of BKV in order to analyze BKV cell entry.