cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A slotted patch antenna for wireless strain sensing

This research studies the wireless strain sensing performance of a slotted patch antenna sensor. In our previous work, a folded patch antenna was designed for passive wireless strain and crack sensing. When experiencing deformation, the antenna shape changes, causing shift in electromagnetic resonance frequency of the antenna. The wireless interrogation system utilizes the principle of electromagnetic backscattering and adopts off-the-shelf 900MHz radiofrequency identification (RFID) technology. In this research, a new slotted patch antenna sensor is designed and tested. The antenna detours surface current using slot patterns, so that the effective electrical length is kept similar as previous folded patch antenna. As a result, the sensor footprint is reduced and the antenna resonance frequency is maintained within 900MHz RFID band. To accurately describe both mechanical and electromagnetic behaviors of the antenna sensor, a multi-physics coupled simulation approach is pursued. Implemented through a commercial software package, COMSOL, a multiphysics finite element model of the antenna uses the same geometry and meshing for both mechanical and electromagnetic simulations. Wireless strain sensing performance of the antenna is first simulated using the multi-physics model. In addition, experimental tensile tests are performed to investigate the correlation between wirelessly interrogated resonance frequency and the strain experienced by the antenna. The strain sensing performance is tested.
Advances in Contour Crafting Technology for Extraterrestrial Settlement Infrastructure Buildup

Several unique systems including the Lunar Electric Rover, the unpressurized Chariot rover, the versatile light-weight crane and Athlete cargo transporter as well as the habitat module mockups and a new generation of spacesuits are undergoing coordinated tests at NASA’s facility for Desert Research and Test Studies (D-RATS). A synergetic simulation plan is proposed for utilizing these maturing systems coupled with a unique, patented robotic fabrication technology called Contour Crafting, tailored for swift and reliable lunar infrastructure development. Landing pads, roads, shade walls and thermal and micrormeteoritic shield and other unpressurized structures that make up a majority of the initial lunar settlement infrastructure may be built using this technology, fully utilizing InSitu Resource Utilization(ISRU) strategy. The intent is to increase astronaut safety, improve buildup performance, ameliorate lunar dust interference and concerns, and reduce time-tocommission, all in an economic manner.
0073 Implementation of the cure violence model with enhancements in NYC

Statement of purpose While New York City (NYC) is one of the safest big cities in the US, cycles of violence persist in some NYC neighborhoods. Where the violence is most concentrated, the NYC Department of Health and Mental Hygiene (DOHMH) oversees implementation of ‘Cure Violence’ (CV), an evidence-based, nationally recognised public health approach to violence prevention, at six sites with planned expansion to 11 more. Methods/Approach The CV model reduces shootings/killings by promoting behaviour change among high risk youth and changing social norms that reinforce violence. “Credible messengers” identify and mediate conflicts before they escalate and direct high-risk program participants towards needed support services, and to engage community members to support non-violence. With stakeholder partnerships, NYC DOHMH enhances the model increasing access to ‘wraparound’ services, implementing anti-violence services in hospitals, and providing staff development. For example, coaching on Motivational interviewing (MI) techniques empower staff to better engage with participants and promote referrals. DOHMH provides TA by coordinating and training, monitoring program performance, engaging in feedback, facilitating sharing best practices, and troubleshooting. Results Program implementation data were analysed for one year (from July 1, 2013 to June 30, 2014) at six CV programs. CV programs served 202 high-risk participants. They conducted 588 mediations (267 in hospitals), and led 92 community events engaging 14,649 residents. Each CV program went at least 70 days with no shootings in their service catchment area. One went more than a year (367 days) with no shootings (from7/21/2012 to 7/23/2013). 41 CV program staff received MI training over 8 intensive sessions. Conclusions Under DOHMH direction, CV programs are unifying program practices and testing program enhancements. Technical assistance is producing signs of strong service delivery and foreshadows an efficient launch of 11 new programs. Significance and contribution to the field DOHMH’s adaptation of a proven public health model in high-violence communities: 1) advances the public discourse on violence as a health concern; 2) expands the inventory of solutions to the problem; and 3) informs replication in other NYC communities and beyond.
PL6ALCOHOLIC LIVER DISEASE: PATHOGENESIS, MANAGEMENT AND NOVEL TARGETS FOR THERAPY

Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is the main cause of advanced liver disease worldwide. The spectrum of ALD includes fatty liver, alcoholic steatohepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Also, patients with heavy alcohol consumption can develop episode(s) of alcoholic hepatitis (AH), a potentially fatal condition. Most patients with …
Effect of Infusion Rate on Amphotericin B-Associated Febrile Reactions

Our objective was to prospectively study febrile and chill reactions associated with two amphotericin B (AB) infusion rates, slow (2-hour) versus rapid (45 minute). Seventeen consenting bone marrow transplant recipients in whom AB was to be initiated for documented or suspected fungal infections were recruited. After standardized premedication, patients received eight daily AB infusions (0.5 mg/kg/d, concentration 0.25 mg/ml). Rate was assigned using a randomized, crossover pair design. Axillary temperature, chills, and meperidine dose required to resolve chills were monitored for each infusion. For the first pair of infusions, fever (defined as a rise of 1 degree C) occurred frequently, in 12 of 17 (70.5 percent) and 13 of 17 patients (76.4 percent), with a mean rise of 1.7 degrees C (range 1.1-3.7) and 1.7 degrees C (1.1-3.5) degrees for the 45-minute and 2-hour infusions, respectively (p greater than 0.10). Chills were observed in 15 of 17 (88.2 percent) and 14 of 17 (82.3 percent) recipients of the 45-minute and 2-hour infusions, respectively. The time of onset (p greater than 0.10) and the duration of chills (p = 0.08) were similar for both infusion rates. Meperidine requirements for rapid and slow infusions were similar as well (p = 0.12). These data suggest that for patients free of preexisting renal and cardiac disease, rapid AB infusions are well tolerated and produce adverse reactions (fever and chills) similar in nature and severity to slower infusions.
Insufficient research on land grabbing.

Over the past decade, an unprecedented boom in land transactions—commonly referred to as land grabbing—has occurred globally. At least 45 million hectares of land have changed hands through concessions, long-term leases, and ownership transfers ([ 1 ][1], [ 2 ][2]). Driven by volatility in
Need for a Theoretical Justification of Humanistic Commitment Components in Behavior Therapy

Although behavior therapies are putatively based on traditional learning paradigms, standard clinical practice with outpatient clients presenting problems of personal adjustment routinely requires a voluntary commitment to collaboration (CTC) with the therapist (Harcum, Burijon, & Watson, 1988). Nevertheless, in the various summaries of the theoretical justification, even for cognitive behavior therapy, the mainstream literature generally omits this presumably necessary humanistic component and includes only acceptable principles from traditional learning paradigms. Development of a comprehensive theory of behavior therapy is prevented by this failure to acknowledge the need for a theoretical justification of CTC. This avoidance is attributed to a fear of being considered unscientifiC., fostered by traditional graduate training in psychology.
Correlation of pathologic findings after brief neoadjuvant sorafenib (neoS) with results of dynamic-contrast enhanced (DCE) and diffusion-weighted (DW) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients (pts) with locally advanced or metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC).

466 Background: Many pts receiving tyrosine kinase inhibitors for RCC manifest stable disease as their best response by RECIST criteria. We hypothesized that tumor necrosis by DCE and DW-MRI after brief treatment with neoS may correlate with pathologic findings. We investigated in a pilot study whether these MRI changes may serve as an imaging biomarker predictive of clinical outcome. Methods: Pts with locally advanced or metastatic clear cell RCC undergoing nephrectomy or metastastectomy were treated with neoS 400mg PO bid for 28 days prior to surgery. The feasibility and safety of neoS was determined. Tumor necrosis detected by DCE and DW MRI’s pre- and post-neoS were compared and correlated with survival and pathologic findings at surgery. RECIST/WHO criteria were also compared. Results: 9 pts were enrolled, and all underwent surgery after neoS, 4 weeks (n=7) or less for toxicity (n=2). Clear cell/sarcomatoid histology was noted in 8 pts, and papillary in 1. All pts had T3 or T4 disease. 7 had M1 disea...
An analysis of seed development in Pisum sativum L. XI. Cellular development and the deposition of storage protein in immature embryos grown in vivo and in vitro.

Indirect immunofluorescence has been used to examine the temporal and spatial distribution of cells containing the storage protein vicilin, in immature pea embryos grown in vivo and in culture. The occurrence of the storage protein was investigated in both separated cells and cryosectioned embryos. In culture, a rapid cessation of cell division in embryos was observed. The proportion of cells containing vicilin was increased up to three-fold in culture depending on the initial fresh weight of the embryo. The DNA levels of the separated cotyledon cells from embryos grown in vitro were compared to those from ones grown in vivo. The maximum DNA content of the cell population was increased though the minimum DNA level of cells containing storage protein was unaltered at 5 C. In addition, no alteration was seen in the spatial localization of vicilin-containing cells within the parenchyma region of the cotyledons. Some cells of the axes of in vitro grown embryos, however, were seen to contain the storage protein which was absent from the same weight embryos taken from the plant. Cells of the epidermal and provascular regions did not contain vicilin in any of the embryos investigated here. These data have been related to the cellular development of the pea embryo and provide evidence for a hypothesis that there is a relationship between cell expansion and deposition of storage protein.
Leading the Horse to Water Without Teaching It How to Drink: Giving 21st Century Law Students the Tools to Receive and Implement Feedback

In recent years, much of the focus in legal education has been on assessment - measuring student learning outcomes through a variety of tools designed, in part, to assure that students can gauge what skills and concepts they have (and have not) mastered. This is not a passing trend, as evidenced by the most recent amendments to the ABA Standard 316 mandating the use and reporting of multiple types of assessments by all law schools for all students. Yet, as those of us who teach first-year law students have seen, most students arrive at law school with little-to-no idea of how to receive the results of these assessments, or how to implement those results to improve their learning. In particular, too many students interpret feedback as criticism and evidence of failure, rather than as a necessary and desirable part of the learning process. The problem is that many of our current students, particularly those coming to law school right from college, have never been taught how to receive and work with feedback - and any feedback that they've gotten in the past has been summative (to measure learning) rather than formative (to achieve learning). Two concepts in cognitive psychology can help: Mindset (Carol Dweck, PhD., et al.) and Grit (Daniel H. Pink, et al.). We need to teach students to approach law school with a growth mindset – viewing intelligence not as a fixed quantity, but as a quality that can be developed and cultivated – and to have the commitment and the determination to succeed in law school and beyond. This article will address the disconnect between how we in law schools are teaching and how our students are learning, with the goal of leveraging the psychology to propose specific strategies for empowering students to engage with feedback – and with the faculty giving it – to achieve greater success in law school and in their legal careers.
Value of Frequency Domain Resting-State Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Metrics Amplitude of Low-Frequency Fluctuation and Fractional Amplitude of Low-Frequency Fluctuation in the Assessment of Brain Tumor-Induced Neurovascular Uncoupling.

Abstract The aim of this study was to explore whether the phenomenon of brain tumor-related neurovascular uncoupling (NVU) in resting-state blood oxygen level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging (BOLD fMRI) (rsfMRI) may also affect the resting-state fMRI (rsfMRI) frequency domain metrics the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) and fractional ALFF (fALFF). Twelve de novo brain tumor patients, who underwent clinical fMRI examinations, including task-based fMRI (tbfMRI) and rsfMRI, were included in this Institutional Review Board-approved study. Each patient displayed decreased/absent tbfMRI activation in the primary ipsilesional (IL) sensorimotor cortex in the absence of a corresponding motor deficit or suboptimal task performance, consistent with NVU. Z-score maps for the motor tasks were obtained from general linear model analysis (reflecting motor activation vs. rest). Seed-based correlation analysis (SCA) maps of sensorimotor network, ALFF, and fALFF were calculated from rsfMRI dat...
Perspectives in Psychology: XXVI Consciousness Out—Subjectivity In

This brief, but profound note, indicates that science can deal operantly with subjective statements (of opinion and the like) without involvement in theories of consciousness, phenomenology, or similar psychisms. If the subjective reference is retained, only Q method models it directly.
STABILITY ANALYSIS OF DRILLED SHAFTS REINFORCED SLOPE

ABSTRACT Drilled shafts have been used as an effective means to stabilize a soil slope with marginal safety factor. A limit equilibrium based slope stability analysis technique is presented in this paper that would allow for the determination of the safety factor of the reinforced slope and the forces acting on the drilled shafts. Specifically, the finite element analysis generated load transfer characteristic curves were incorporated into the traditional method of slice approach to account for the soil arching effects. Mathematical formulation of the proposed analysis method is given in detail, followed by validation of the approach with other analysis methods. Examples of the slopes with or without the drilled shafts are given to illustrate the reasonableness of the solution provided by the proposed approach. The efficiency of using drilled shafts to stabilize a slope is discussed by examing the influence of the shaft location, shaft size and spacing on the calculated safety factor. Finally, a practical case involving the use of the proposed approach is presented.
A Sign Control Method for Fitting and Interconverting Material Functions for Linearly Viscoelastic Solids

The multidata method was originally proposed to fit a Prony exponentialseries function to experimental viscoelastic modulus and compliance data;this was accomplished by the application of a linear least squares solver.This paper considers a similar approach, but extended in two key ways.First, it has been applied to the solution of convolution integralequations; specifically those used for material function interconversion.Second, it has been modified to force the signs of the Prony seriescoefficients to be positive; this is an essential criterion for the properphysical interpretation of a Prony series material function, which istypically not satisfied by multidata method solutions. Sign control isimplemented by an iterative Levenberg–Marquardt solution algorithm withan appropriate constraint, and can be used for both fitting experimentaldata and interconversion. To use the method, a Prony series must becapable of adequately representing the applicable functions. The method isdemonstrated by first fitting and converting experimental modulus data.Formulation for a composite lamina is also shown, in which a system ofintegral equations is reduced to a single integral equation; this can thenbe solved using the new method. Finally, application of the new method tofrequency domain transformations is demonstrated, along with comparisonsto other techniques.
How to approach weight loss in the obese canine

The terms ‘obese’ and ‘overweight’ are based on an animal's current bodyweight relative to an ideal bodyweight. According to a 2010 UK veterinary practice survey, slightly over 59% of dogs were cla...
Integrating a remote microphone with hearing-aid processing

A remote microphone (RM) links a talker's microphone to a listener's hearing aids (HAs). The RM improves intelligibility in noise and reverberation, but the binaural cues necessary for externalization are lost. Augmenting the RM signal with synthesized binaural cues and early reflections enhances externalization, but interactions of the RM signal with the HA processing could reduce its effectiveness. These potential interactions were evaluated using RM plus HA processing in a realistic listening simulation. The HA input was the RM alone, the augmented RM signal, the acoustic inputs at the HA microphones, including reverberation measured using a dummy head, or a mixture of the augmented RM and acoustic input signals. The HA simulation implemented linear amplification or independent dynamic-range compression at the two ears and incorporated the acoustic effects of vented earmolds. Hearing-impaired listeners scored sentence stimuli for intelligibility and rated clarity, overall quality, externalization, and apparent source width. Using the RM improved intelligibility but reduced the spatial impression. Increasing the vent diameter reduced clarity and increased the spatial impression. Listener ratings reflect a trade-off between the attributes of clarity and overall quality and the attributes of externalization and source width that can be explained using the interaural cross correlation.
Relationship between sleep position and glaucoma progression.

Purpose of review As humans spend a considerable portion of life in the horizontal position, it is vital to better understand the effect of sleep position on glaucoma. Recent findings The mean positional increase from the supine position to the lateral decubitus position (LDP) in recent literature is less than 2 mmHg for each eye in its dependent position and less than 1 mmHg in the nondependent position. The right LDP is most commonly favored sleeping position. Some evidence suggests that the positional increases persist and so could lead to worse glaucomatous progression in the dependent eye. However, multiple studies failed to find a strong association. Ideally future research will identify risk factors for higher positional increases to identify patients who may benefit from a change in sleep position. To date, medications and argon laser trabeculoplasty have been ineffective in blunting the positional increase, although glaucoma surgery does reduce it. Raising the head of the bed has been linked with blunting the increase as well. Summary Certain sleeping positions appear to be associated with higher intraocular pressure, although the association between sleep position and glaucoma progression is not as clear.
Periodic analysis of mixed venous oxygen tension to monitor the adequacy of perfusion during and after cardiopulmonary bypass.

Periodic $$P\bar vO_2 $$ analysis was evaluated with periodic $$S\bar vO_2 $$ analysis and compared with the standard technique of maintaining blood flow at a rate of 40–60 ml/kg/min, as methods of regulating blood flow during cardiopulmonary bypass. Both analytical methods resulted in significantly smaller sodium bicarbonate requirements, greater urine outputs and blood pH that was more frequently normal during cardiopulmonary bypass than those values obtained when a fixed flow rate was maintained. Periodic $$P\bar vO_2 $$ monitoring appeared to be slightly better than $$S\bar vO_2 $$ monitoring during bypass in that urine output and blood pH were better with the former than with the latter. Postoperatively, however, both methods were equally good in predicting inadequate total blood flows. These findings suggest that periodic $$P\bar vO_2 $$ analysis is superior as a method of controlling bypass blood flow rates and as a sensitive means of monitoring the adequacy of postoperative cardiac output to meet tissue metabolic needs.
Accident-tolerant fuels cladding concept: coatings for zirconium alloys

Abstract The use of coatings to enhance the performance of zirconium alloys in nuclear reactors is considered the most logical evolutionary and near-term solution in the realm of accident-tolerant fuels (ATFs). Because the coating will provide protection by adding a layer in the order of 10-µm thickness to the current zirconium alloy wall, it is deemed that the coating solution may have the fewest licensing barriers for reactor use. It has been demonstrated that chromium coating by a physical vapor deposition process may be the most likely alternative. Chromium will not be a new element in the reactor core because traditional legacy alloys such as austenitic stainless steel type 304 and nickel-based alloy 600 rely on chromium for their corrosion resistance in the reactor environment. Chromium coating will not negatively impact the mechanical behavior of the zirconium alloy cladding and the neutronic balance impact will be minimal. As for the other ATF concepts, the coating of zirconium alloy tubes needs to perform well under normal operation condition and under accident conditions. Many types of coatings were rated for performance in the normal operation and accident conditions and the highest ranking was for chromium-based coatings. The use of chromium coating is meant to provide short-term additional protection to the zirconium alloy cladding in the temperature range up to 1100°C. The top temperature for stability of Cr2O3 in superheated steam is approximately 1200°C. The presence of Cr2O3 on the surface of the cladding coating prevents not only oxygen access but also hydrogen diffusion into the cladding zirconium substrate. Full-length zirconium alloy cladding tubing can be coated in an efficient manner in an industrial production setting. Chromium-coated zirconium alloy fuel rods are currently being evaluated in BWR and PWR commercial nuclear power plant environments. Supporting comprehensive reports for the chromium-coated concepts have been delivered to the Nuclear Regulatory Commission to increase their readiness to receive licensing topical reports from fuel vendors. It is expected that chromium-coated zirconium alloy cladding will be the first ATF concept to receive regulatory approval.
Sigma Theta Tau International

Advanced practice nursing is critical to achieving Universal Health Coverage and improving Primary Health Care. To facilitate the access of advanced practice nurses (APNs) to human and technology resources, professional development and support are essential. APNs can count on Sigma Theta Tau International Honor Society of Nursing (Sigma) to provide innovative leadership development opportunities as well as to recognize their excellence in practice, research, and teaching. The organization continues to chart new territory by convening global stakeholders from nursing and midwifery to identify priorities for the APN role. As well, Sigma supports networking across the globe with its leadership academies and robust, distance-mediated mentoring programs and communities of interest. Nurses from various advanced practice specialties can seek out and offer support and guidance to colleagues in meeting the demands for highly skilled APNs in limited-resource environments as well as apply for research grants to support their scholarship.
Human Primary Immunodeficiencies

Primary immune deficiency diseases are inherited diseases resulting from genetic defects that affect the development or function of one or more components of the immune system, leading to an increased susceptibility to infection and, in some cases, to cancer, autoimmune or allergic disease. The main function of the immune system is protection against invading microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites) that cause disease (pathogenic microorganisms or pathogens). In addition, it must destroy any of the body's own cells that develop into cancer. The genetic defects that alter any of the components of the immune system result in an enhanced susceptibility to infection and in some cases, an inability to kill cancer cells or a dysregulation of the immune system leading to autoimmune or allergic disease. These immunodeficiency diseases demonstrate the importance of each of the altered components of the immune system. This article describes some of the known genetic immunodeficiency diseases, each of which illustrates the role of different molecules and cell populations in immunity.
A Bayesian Hierarchical Framework for Pathway Analysis in Genome-Wide Association Studies.

BACKGROUND Pathway analysis allows joint consideration of multiple SNPs belonging to multiple genes, which in turn belong to a biologically defined pathway. This type of analysis is usually more powerful than single-SNP analyses for detecting joint effects of variants in a pathway. METHODS We develop a Bayesian hierarchical model by fully modeling the 3-level hierarchy, namely, SNP-gene-pathway that is naturally inherent in the structure of the pathways, unlike the currently used ad hoc ways of combining such information. We model the effects at each level conditional on the effects of the levels preceding them within the generalized linear model framework. To deal with the high dimensionality, we regularize the regression coefficients through an appropriate choice of priors. The model is fit using a combination of iteratively weighted least squares and expectation-maximization algorithms to estimate the posterior modes and their standard errors. A normal approximation is used for inference. RESULTS We conduct simulations to study the proposed method and find that our method has higher power than some standard approaches in several settings for identifying pathways with multiple modest-sized variants. We illustrate the method by analyzing data from two genome-wide association studies on breast and renal cancers. CONCLUSION Our method can be helpful in detecting pathway association.
Asymmetric Carbon Nanotube Dimers for Novel Sensing Applications

In this work, we study the use of asymmetric carbon nanotube (CNT) dimers for the contactless detection of foreign nano-particles. Asymmetric CNT dimers create a unique field distribution, through the electromagnetic coupling, which in turn generates two distinct resonances representing the bonding and anti-bonding modes. The presence of a foreign nano-particle (NP) in the vicinity of the CNT dimer perturbs the dimer's field distribution and causes the bonding and anti-bonding resonances to shift by unequal amounts depending on the NP location. By studying the difference in the shift of the bonding and the anti-bonding resonances, we show that the NP relative location can be reconstructed. The computational experiments performed in this work show how asymmetric CNT dimers can be used for novel sensing applications.
Site-specific targeting of a light activated dCas9-KillerRed fusion protein generates transient, localized regions of oxidative DNA damage

DNA repair requires reorganization of the local chromatin structure to facilitate access to and repair of the DNA. Studying DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair in specific chromatin domains has been aided by the use of sequence-specific endonucleases to generate targeted breaks. Here, we describe a new approach that combines KillerRed, a photosensitizer that generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) when exposed to light, and the genome-targeting properties of the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Fusing KillerRed to catalytically inactive Cas9 (dCas9) generates dCas9-KR, which can then be targeted to any desired genomic region with an appropriate guide RNA. Activation of dCas9-KR with green light generates a local increase in reactive oxygen species, resulting in "clustered" oxidative damage, including both DNA breaks and base damage. Activation of dCas9-KR rapidly (within minutes) increases both γH2AX and recruitment of the KU70/80 complex. Importantly, this damage is repaired within 10 minutes of termination of light exposure, indicating that the DNA damage generated by dCas9-KR is both rapid and transient. Further, repair is carried out exclusively through NHEJ, with no detectable contribution from HR-based mechanisms. Surprisingly, sequencing of repaired DNA damage regions did not reveal any increase in either mutations or INDELs in the targeted region, implying that NHEJ has high fidelity under the conditions of low level, limited damage. The dCas9-KR approach for creating targeted damage has significant advantages over the use of endonucleases, since the duration and intensity of DNA damage can be controlled in "real time" by controlling light exposure. In addition, unlike endonucleases that carry out multiple cut-repair cycles, dCas9-KR produces a single burst of damage, more closely resembling the type of damage experienced during acute exposure to reactive oxygen species or environmental toxins. dCas9-KR is a promising system to induce DNA damage and measure site-specific repair kinetics at clustered DNA lesions.
Ligand assisted growth of perovskite single crystals with low defect density.

A low defect density in metal halide perovskite single crystals is critical to achieve high performance optoelectronic devices. Here we show the reduction of defect density in perovskite single crystals grown by a ligand-assisted solution process with 3‐(decyldimethylammonio)‐propane‐sulfonate inner salt (DPSI) as an additive. DPSI ligands anchoring with lead ions on perovskite crystal surfaces not only suppress nucleation in solution, but also regulate the addition of proper ions to the growing surface, which greatly enhances the crystal quality. The grown CH3NH3PbI3 crystals show better crystallinity and a 23-fold smaller trap density of 7 × 1010 cm−3 than the optimized control crystals. The enhanced material properties result in significantly suppressed ion migration and superior X-ray detection sensitivity of CH3NH3PbI3 detectors of (2.6 ± 0.4) × 106 µC Gy−1air cm−2 for 60 kVp X-ray and the lowest detectable dose rate reaches (5.0 ± 0.7) nGy s−1, which enables reduced radiation dose to patients in medical X-ray diagnostics. The performance of a metal halide perovskite single crystal is governed by the defect density. Here, the authors report a high quality single crystal perovskite grown by a ligand-assisted solution process with DPSI achieving 23-fold smaller trap density than that without DPSI.
Specific patterns of executive functioning weaknesses among children after heart transplant.

Background Children with a history of heart transplant (HT) are at risk of executive functioning weaknesses secondary to heart disease and associated morbidity. However, specific executive functioning weaknesses have not been identified. Method The present study, anchored in Anderson's (2002) Developmental Model of Executive Functioning, provides a detailed, retrospective analysis of executive functioning in the areas of goal setting, cognitive flexibility, attentional control, and information processing for a clinically referred sample of 53 pediatric HT recipients who underwent neuropsychological evaluations as part of typical clinical care. Results Broadly, the sample demonstrated mild-to-moderate deficits across cognitive, adaptive behavior, executive functioning, and academic domains, as well as elevated parent-reported concerns for depression and anxiety. Executive functioning weaknesses, while global, persisted after controlling for the effects of depression and anxiety and were most prominent in cognitive flexibility. In addition, poor cognitive flexibility predicted lower adaptive behavior, IQ, and academic outcomes among this population, placing them at considerable risk of extensive impairment in several domains of their lives. Conclusions Taken together, children with a history of HT demonstrated broad difficulties across several areas of functioning, with particular concerns for working memory. As such, interventions and accommodations specifically targeting working memory may help provide the most optimal outcomes for this population.
Democratic Failure and Emergencies: Myth or Reality?

The long-running debate about the ability of a democratic government to respond to emergencies has assumed new significance as scholars, judges, and government officials develop new arguments to respond to the challenges presented by the twenty-first century and the "War on Terror." Traditional emergency-politics theorists explain democratic government during emergency with the "democratic failure theory." But revisionists, led by Professors Eric Posner and Adrian Vermeule, recently have challenged the "democratic failure" theory, arguing that, because emergencies affect no systemic change in the structure of voting and representation, democratic government functions with equal facility during emergencies as during normal times. This Note, while ambivalent about a broad application of the traditionalists' democratic failure theory, offers one counterpoint to Posner and Vermeule and their revisionist claim. Introducing primary source research and re-introducing forgotten or overlooked academic arguments, this Note presents a case study of the Japanese internment during World War II. The internment of individuals of Japanese descent was not merely the result, as revisionists argue, of a continuation of the peacetime baseline or of rational concerns for national security. National security concerns played a part in the decision, to be sure, but this Note argues that the primary impetus behind the internment came from an anti-Japanese West-Coast coalition's successful exploitation of the democratic failure caused by the emergency of World War II. The coalition had long sought to exclude individuals of Japanese descent (and the Chinese before them), but before World War II, those efforts lacked mainstream political appeal. World War II changed the political playing field, and the anti-Japanese coalition on the West Coast knew it. Capitalizing on the World War II democratic failure, the coalition harnessed the political support necessary to achieve its exclusionary goal.
The long-run effects of minimum lot size zoning on housing redevelopment

Abstract Housing developers in growing cities increase housing supply by either building new units on vacant land or demolishing existing units and replacing them with higher-density housing. However, land-use restrictions such as minimum lot size zoning may distort the pattern of redevelopment and life cycle of housing. Previous research has examined the effects of zoning regulations on housing supply and vacant land development decisions, but the implications of minimum lot size zoning for housing redevelopment have not been examined. This paper builds a discrete-time dynamic programming model to examine whether minimum lot size zoning distorts the long-run pattern of housing redevelopment. The model accounts for other previously unexplored features of redevelopment, such as endogenous maintenance decisions. Numerical simulation results show that minimum lot size zoning delays the conversion of vacant land and slows demolition. Additionally, this type of zoning stabilizes housing redevelopment because developers have a greater incentive to maintain buildings under zoning.
Some Aspects of Convection in Meteorology

Various aspects of convection in meteorology which may have some relevance for astrophysics are discussed. In particular the role of convection in determining the gross thermal structure of the atmosphere, the treatment of convective turbulence in the boundary layer, and the larger scale organization of convection are dealt with.
Selective immunoglobulin deficiency associated with thymic alymphoplasia.

Serum immunoglobulin, fluorescent antibody and pathological studies were performed on tissues from a 9-month-old infant who died of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. The serum levels of IgG and IgA were found to be greatly diminished, whereas IgM and IgD were present in normal amounts. In addition, a moderate number of immunoglobulin-M-containing-cells were demonstrated in the spleen by fluorescence microscopy. Rare cells were seen which contained IgA or IgG. The thymus was poorly developed, contained no Hassall9s corpuscles and few lymphocytes. Peripheral lymphoid tissue was scant; only two lymph nodes and no tonsils were found at postmortem examination. The largest peripheral aggregation of small lymphocytes appeared in the appendix. During life the child manifested varying degrees of lymphopenia.
Adoption of Quality Practices in a Multidivisional Environment - A Longitudinal Study

﻿[This abstract is based on the author’s abstract.] A four-year study observed eight operating divisions of a large manufacturing company as they adopted quality practices endorsed by corporate headquarters. The divisions were judged based on the level..
Indicators of Environmental Noise

Noise in the environment is not an altogether new area for consideration. As noted above, scriptural references are available that provide insight into the presence of noise as a topic of note several hundred years ago. In addition, great world literature has known occasional references to annoying sound levels such as the invective of the Roman poet Horace (Epist. ii. 2) against “the squealing of the filthy sow and the barking of the mad bitch” — two environmental sounds that he would like to have eliminated. The 18th century philosopher Schopenhauer castigated the “infernal cracking of whips in the narrow resounding streets of the town...” and went on to suggest that such sounds, “... must be denounced as the most unwarrantable and disgraceful of all noises.”9 5 Thus appeared an early denunciation of traffic noise.
The White Interest in School Integration

Scholarship concerning desegregation, affirmative action and voluntary integration is primarily, if not exclusively, focused on whether such policies harm or benefit minorities. Scant attention is paid to the benefits whites receive in multiracial schools despite white interests underpinning over thirty years of Supreme Court integration jurisprudence. In this article, I explore the academic and social benefits whites receive in multiracial schools, and I do so from a white parent’s perspective. The article begins by describing the interest-convergence theory and how white interests explain the course and content of the Supreme Court’s desegregation and affirmative action jurisprudence. Multiracial schools will not be created or endure unless white parents believe it to be in their children’s best interests. The article next describes the extreme racial segregation in schools today and how white children are the most racially isolated students. This isolation contributes to the unconscious and automatic racial bias that infects everyone and will impair white children’s ability to successfully navigate the multicultural marketplace. Integrated schools, however, can de-bias white children and teach them cross-cultural competence, a skill they will need to effectively participate in a market with increasingly multicultural customers, co-workers and global business partners. The article ends by describing steps white parents can take to ensure their children gain critical cross-cultural competency skills.
Privation of Memory: What can be done to help stroke patients remember?

Weakness, pain, swallowing difficulties; many patients are aware of these common post-stroke physical symptoms. However, stroke can also affect thinking abilities, or cognition. Cognition can be thought of as how people use their brains to talk, read, write, learn, understand, and remember. Approximately one third of stroke victims will develop memory problems. Losing skills in this area may affect ability to conduct activities of daily living and thus the ability to live independently. This publication serves to provide background information on memory loss after stroke and actions to implement that may improve memory.
A new genetic model for separating and analyzing Treg cells in unchallenged mice based on their proliferative history (LYM3P.738)

Apart from other cell types, antigen-primed conventional CD4 T cells integrate their functional differentiation into the process of proliferation. However, it is unknown whether the functional maturation of Tregs is also associated with their proliferative history, especially in unchallenged mice. To aid dissection of Treg populations, we developed a reporter system for marking and isolating Tregs undergone proliferative expansion during development or tolerance response towards endogenous antigens. We designed a tandem loxP cassette, named Tlox, to prevent intramolecular recombination. Tlox also acts as a genetic switch placed in front of a fluorescent marker. Cell division provides an opportunity for inter-molecular pairing between the duplicated Tlox on sister chromatids. Upon pairing, Cre recombinase can convert Tlox to a single loxP and consequently express the fluorescent marker permanently. We showed that, in vitro and in vivo, reporter activation is indeed dependent on both active cell cycles and Cre expression. By combining Ox40-Cre with the Tlox reporter, we separated Tregs based on their proliferative history in naive animals. Functional and transcriptomic analysis indicted that, within the Treg pool, proliferated Tregs form a distinct population and are highly enriched with effector phenotypes. Thus, the newly established lineage tracking system provides a novel tool for assessing dynamitic changes among Treg cells during their tolerance response in live animals.
The Impact of Recessionary Politics on Latino-American and Immigrant Families: SCHIP Success and DREAM Act Failure

The current financial crisis affects Americans of all backgrounds. Research shows, however, that the hardest hit families are the same families that struggle to make ends meet even in good times - and many of the most impoverished families in the United States are Black, Latino Americans and immigrants. The U.S. government has responded with only mixed success to meet the needs of these families. As budgets are slashed, the needs of the poor - in particular, the voiceless poor - are often ignored. The resulting policies put additional stress on American families and immigrant families - forcing them to make difficult decisions and sometimes breaking families apart. This essay will examine two government programs that have been targeted in the American recession and comment on how such programs have affected the fabric of Latino and immigrant families living in the United States. First, this essay will discuss the State Children’s Health Insurance Program and note how Obama’s 2009 reauthorization of the federal program thwarted the years-long efforts to diminish and extinguish this health insurance coverage for children and their families. Second, this essay will consider the demise of the Development, Relief, and Education for Alien Minors (or DREAM) Act, a law that would have provided a path to citizenship for immigrants who were illegally brought to this country as children and succeeded academically and/or through service in the United States military. Through this discussion, this essay will examine how these two federal programs have affected Latino-American and immigrant families in the United States.
The role of vection, eye movements and postural instability in the etiology of motion sickness.

Motion sickness is a term that is commonly used to describe the ill effects of many provocative motion (e.g. seagoing or air travel) and apparent motion (e.g. IMAX movies and virtual reality) environments on human well-being and performance. It can be extremely debilitating and yet we do not have a precise understanding of its cause. This study evaluates the importance of three factors that are purported to be involved in the etiology of motion sickness (MS). Most provocative motion environments cause three distinct, but possibly related, responses: reflexive eye movements (EM), sensory conflict (SC), and postural instability (PS). Three current theories, concerning the etiology of motion sickness, emphasize one of these responses, but deny the importance of the others. Such theoretical approaches preclude the possibility of a synergistic interaction of these factors. This experiment employed a three-factor experimental design wherein each factor was manipulated alone or in combination with the others. The independent variables involved two levels of: PS (induced by having the subject stand on a stationary platform or on a posturally challenging platform mounted atop a partially inflated rubber inner tube); SC (with or without illusory self movement elicited visually by whole field stimulation); and EM (unrestricted or controlled by a stable fixation point). Analysis of measures of PS, SC and EM confirmed the effectiveness of these manipulations. Analysis of MS measures (questionnaires, magnitude ratings, tolerance times) revealed a main effect of SC ( p< 0.01), increased MS found with illusory self motion conditions. In addition, measures of MS symptomatology revealed a significant three-way interaction between SC, PS and EM ( p< 0.05), greater amounts of MS found with conditions of illusory self motion, postural challenge, and unrestricted EM. This suggests support for a multi-factorial approach to the study of MS etiology. These findings suggest a major role of SC in the elicitation of MS, but also suggest important contributions from the EM and PS mechanisms.