African American voices : a documentary reader, 1619-1877

List of Figures. Series Editors' Preface. Preface to the New Edition. Preface. Introduction. Chapter 1 "Death's Gwineter Lay His Cold Icy Hands on Me": Enslavement. 1 A European Slave Trader, John Barbot, Describes the African Slave Trade (1682). 2 A Muslim Merchant, Ayubah Suleiman Diallo, Recalls His Capture and Enslavement (1733). 3 An Employee of Britain's Royal African Company Describes the Workings of the Slave Trade (1738). 4 Olaudah Equiano, an 11-Year-Old Ibo from Nigeria, Remembers His Kidnapping into Slavery (1789). 5 A Scottish Explorer, Mungo Park, Offers a Graphic Account of the African Slave Trade (1797). 6 Venture Smith Relates the Story of His Kidnapping at the Age of Six (1798). Chapter 2 "God's A-Gwineter Trouble de Water": The Middle Passage and Arrival. 1 A European Slave Trader, James Barbot, Jr., Describes a Shipboard Revolt by Enslaved Africans (1700). 2 Olaudah Equiano, Who Was Born in Eastern Nigeria, Describes the Horrors of the Middle Passage (1789). 3 A Doctor, Alexander Falconbridge, Describes Conditions on an English Slaver (1788). 4 Olaudah Equiano Describes His Arrival in the New World (1789). 5 An English Physician, Alexander Falconbridge, Describes the Treatment of Newly Arrived Slaves in the West Indies (1788). Chapter 3 "A Change is Gonna Come": Slavery in the Era of the American Revolution. 1 The Poet Phillis Wheatley Writes about Freedom and Equal Rights (1774). 2 Massachusetts Slaves Petition for Freedom (1774). 3 Virginia's Royal Governor Promises Freedom to Slaves Who Join the British Army (1775). 4 Virginia's Assembly Denounces Lord Dunmore's Proclamation (1775). 5 Connecticut Slaves Petition for Freedom (1779). 6 Boston King, a Black Loyalist, Seeks Freedom Behind British Lines (1798). 7 A Participant in Gabriel's Rebellion Explains Why He Took Part in the Attempted Insurrection (1812). 8 Gabriel's Brother Explains the Rebellion's Objectives (1800). 9 President Thomas Jefferson Tries to Arrange for the Deportation of Men Involved in Gabriel's Rebellion (1802). Chapter 4 "We Raise de Wheat, Dey Gib Us de Corn": Conditions of Life. 1 A Free Black Kidnapped from New York, Solomon Northrup, Describes the Working Conditions of Slaves on a Louisiana Cotton Plantation (1853). 2 Charles Ball, a Slave in Maryland, South Carolina, and Georgia, Compares Working Conditions on Tobacco and Cotton Plantations (1858). 3 Josiah Henson, a Maryland Slave, Describes Slave Housing, Diet, and Clothing (1877). 4 Francis Henderson, Who Was a Slave near Washington, D.C., Describes Living Conditions Under Slavery (1856). 5 A South Carolina Slave, Jacob Stroyer, Recalls the Material Conditions of Slave Life (1898). 6 A Former Virginia Slave, James Martin, Remembers a Slave Auction (1937). 7 Elizabeth Keckley, Born into Slavery in Virginia, Describes a Slave Sale (1868). Chapter 5 "Nobody Knows the Trouble I've Seen"': Visual History of Slavery. 1 The Inspection and Sale of an African Captive Along the West African Coast (1854). 2 An Illustration of the Layout of a Slave Ship (1807). 3 Enslaved Africans on the Deck of a Slave Ship (1860). 4 Two Slave Sale Advertisements (1859, c.1780s). 5 A Fugitive Slave Advertisement (1774). 6 An Illustration of a Slave Auction at Richmond, Virginia (1856). 7 Five Generations of a Slave Family (c.1850s). 8 An Engraving Illustrating Nat Turner's Insurrection (c.1831). 9 A Plantation Manual Offers Detailed Instructions to Overseers about How They Are to Treat Nursing Mothers (1857-1858). 10 African Americans in Baltimore Celebrate the Ratification of the Fifteenth Amendment, Extending the Vote to Black Men (1870). Chapter 6 "O Mother Don't You Weep": Women, Children, and Families. 1 Harriet Jacobs Describes Her Efforts to Escape Verbal, Physical, and Sexual Abuse (1861). 2 Bethany Veney Describes How She Aborted a Slave Sale (1889). 3 Susie King Taylor Escapes to Freedom During the Civil War (1902). 4 Jacob Stroyer Recalls the Formative Experiences of His Childhood (1898). 5 James W. C. Pennington Analyzes the Impact of Slavery upon Childhood (1849). 6 Lunsford Lane Describes the Moment When He First Recognized the Meaning of Slavery (1842). 7 Laura Spicer Learns that Her Husband, Who Had Been Sold Away, Has Taken Another Wife (1869). 8 An Overseer Attempts to Rape Josiah Henson's Mother (1877). 9 Lewis Clarke Discusses the Impact of Slavery on Family Life (1846). Chapter 7 "Go Home to My Lord and Be Free": Religion. 1 Olaudah Equiano, from Eastern Nigeria, Describes West African Religious Beliefs and Practices (1789). 2 Charles Ball, a Slave in Maryland, Remembers a Slave Funeral, which Incorporated Traditional African Customs (1837). 3 Peter Randolph, a Former Virginia Slave, Describes the Religious Gatherings Slaves Held Outside of Their Masters' Supervision (1893). 4 Henry Bibb, Who Toiled in Slavery in Kentucky, Louisiana, and Arkansas, Discusses "Conjuration" (1849). Chapter 8 "Oppressed So Hard They Could Not Stand": Punishment. 1 Frederick Douglass, a Fugitive Slave from Maryland, Describes the Circumstances that Prompted Masters to Whip Slaves (1845). 2 Elizabeth Keckley of Virginia Describes a Lashing She Received (1868). 3 John Brown, Born into Slavery in Virginia, Has Bells and Horns Fastened on His Head (1855). 4 William Wells Brown, a Missouri Slave Driver, Is Tied Up in a Smokehouse (1847). 5 Moses Roper, a Slave in Georgia and the Carolinas, Is Punished for Attempting to Run Away (1837). 6 A Kentucky Slave, Lewis Clarke, Describes the Implements His Mistress Used to Beat Him (1846). Chapter 9 "Let My People Go": Resistance and Flight. 1 Frederick Douglass Resists a Slave Breaker (1845). 2 Nat Turner, a Baptist Preacher in Virginia, Describes His Revolt Against Slavery (1831). 3 Harriet Tubman, a Former Maryland Slave, Sneaks into the South to Free Slaves (1872). 4 Harriet Tubman's Life and Methods for Liberating Slaves (1863, 1865). 5 Levi Coffin, the "President" of the Underground Railroad, Assists Fugitives to Escape Slavery (1876). 6 A Maryland Slave, Margaret Ward, Follows the North Star to Freedom (1879). 7 Frederick Douglass Borrows a Sailor's Papers to Escape Slavery (1855, 1895). 8 Henry "Box" Brown of Virginia Escapes Slavery in a Sealed Box (1872). 9 Margaret Garner, a Fugitive Slave from Kentucky, Kills Her Daughter Rather Than See Her Returned to Slavery (1876). Chapter 10 "The Walls Came Tumblin' Down": Emancipation. 1 Hannah Johnson, the Mother of a Black Soldier, Pleads with President Abraham Lincoln Not to Rescind the Emancipation Proclamation (1863). 2 Private Thomas Long Assesses the Meaning of Black Military Service During the Civil War (1870). 3 Corporal Jackson Cherry Appeals for Equal Opportunity for Former Slaves (1865). 4 Jourdon Anderson, a former Tennessee Slave, Declines His Former Master's Invitation to Return to His Plantation (1865). 5 Major General Rufus Saxon Assesses the Freedmen's Aspirations (1866). 6 Colonel Samuel Thomas Describes the Attitudes of Ex-Confederates Toward the Freedmen (1865). 7 Francis L. Cardozo of South Carolina Asks for Land for the Freedmen (1868). 8 The Rev. Elias Hill Is Attacked by the Ku Klux Klan (1872). 9 Henry Blake, a Former Arkansas Slave, Describes Sharecropping (1937). 10 Frederick Douglass Assesses the Condition of the Freedmen (1880). Bibliographical Essay. Bibliography. Index.