cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Marlovian Residue in Jonson’s Poetaster

Scholars have long asserted that the rigorous neoclassicism in poetry and drama that Jonson helped initiate in the early seventeenth century contributed to the demise of the ornate Elizabethan modes in which his forebears worked, including Marlowe. Poetaster (1601-02), they argue, constituted a type of manifesto for the purpose, 'one of the most powerful statements of an Augustan literary programme in English,' as Tom Cain wrote (1995). It is alleged that the play’s characters approximate Jonson’s rivals in the Jacobean theatre, part of the critical site devoted to the 'terrible Poetomachia,' the alleged War of the Theatres. In what some might describe as a characteristic touch, Horace, the ideal writer and representative of the new aesthetic that would dominate English poetry and drama for the next two centuries, is Jonson himself. Yet The role of Ovid constitutes an entirely different matter. Commentators have read this key figure who appears infrequently as a surrogate for the old dispensation, an amalgam of the sonneteers and writers of erotic epyllia in the sixteenth century. Most have wisely refrained from making correspondences between this jovial, romantic, Jacobean Naso and any specific contemporary. James D Mulvihill (1982) argued that Jonson tempered his view of the controversial Roman poet 'by an acute and sensitive understanding of the various currents of opinion which surrounded the renaissance Ovid and which inform the satiric vision' of this curious dramatic artifact. Cain, the play’s best editor and probably its most perceptive critic, implied that Poetaster , in repudiating not Ovid but the old Elizabethan Ovidianism, disclaimed Marlowe, its most notable practitioner. I argue that various elements in Poetaster , including the ancient writer as poet and construct, indeed suggest Marlowe and his poetics, but comprise a type of homage to them. Accordingly, Jonson cannot be said to have used the satirical comedy to renounce the poet and playwright who had died almost a decade previously. He owed his predecessor far too much to repudiate him, and knew it.
Dicarbonyls, Reductones, and Heterocyclics Produced by Reactions of Reducing Sugars with Secondary Amine Salts

(1963). Dicarbonyls, Reductones, and Heterocyclics Produced by Reactions of Reducing Sugars with Secondary Amine Salts. Proceedings. Annual meeting - American Society of Brewing Chemists: Vol. 21, Proceedings of the Annual Meeting 1963, pp. 84-92.
Containing Bauxite Liquor Using Bentonite-Polymer Composite Geosynthetic Clay Liners

Experiments were conducted to evaluate the hydraulic conductivity of geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs) to bauxite liquor from aluminum refining. Tests were conducted with a GCL containing conventional sodium-bentonite (Na-B) and one GCLs containing a bentonite-polymer composite. B-P has polymer loading of 6.8%. Hydraulic conductivity tests were conducted on the GCLs with bauxite liquor in flexible-wall permeameters following procedures in ASTM D6766. The bauxite liquor used in the experiments has pH 13 and ionic strength = 700 mM. Hydraulic conductivity of the Na-B GCL increased to approximately 10−7 m/s during permeation, whereas the B-P GCL maintained low hydraulic conductivity (~ 4.3 × 10−12 m/s). Suppression of bentonite swelling by the bauxite liquor is the primary factor responsible for the higher hydraulic conductivity of the Na-B GCL. Low hydraulic conductivity of the B-P GCL to bauxite liquor is attributed to polymer clogging intergranular pores controlling flow of bauxite liquor through the GCL. The findings indicate that B-P GCLs with sufficient polymer loading can be used effectively in composite liners for disposal facilities containing bauxite liquor.
Industrial batch process monitoring with limited data

Abstract This article addresses the problem of real-time statistical batch process monitoring (BPM) for processes with limited production history; herein, referred to as the ‘Low-N’ problem. The Low-N problem is a longstanding, industry-wide problem in biopharmaceutical manufacturing that challenges the theoretical foundations and practical applicability of the existing BPM platform. In this article, we propose an approach to transition from a Low-N scenario to a Large-N scenario by generating an arbitrarily large number of insilico batch data sets. The proposed method is a combination of hardware exploitation and algorithm development. To this effect, we propose a block-learning method for a Bayesian non-parametric model of a batch process, and then use probabilistic programming to generate an arbitrarily large number of dynamic insilico campaign data sets. The proposed solution not only alleviates the monitoring issues associated with a Low-N scenario, it is also compatible with the industrial BPM framework. To the best of authors’ knowledge, this is the first article that describes a systematic approach to address the small data problem using the tools for large data sets. The efficacy of the proposed solution is elucidated on an industrial biopharmaceutical process.
Software Consistency Checking Method for Distribution Terminal based on Chaotic Map

Distribution terminal system software is the core carrier of its function realization and performance stability. In the process of development and operation and maintenance of distribution terminals, software versions are confusing and inconsistent with the archived versions due to technical upgrades, version management, and regulatory deficiencies. It makes some functions unable to operate normally, performance indicators can not be met, equipment on-line rate decreased, and seriously affecting the operation and maintenance and practicality of distribution automation system. In order to strengthen the software version control of distribution automation terminal equipment, the feature information of software version was extracted by analysing the executable files of terminal software, and then the priority was divided according to the feature information. The MD5 algorithm and CRC32 checking algorithm were used to calculate the comparison factor, which then was encrypted by using pseudo random code generated by Logistic chaotic map. The model and method of software version consistency detection for distribution terminal were established.
AN URBAN MODEL FOR THE EVALUATION OF ALTERNATIVE GROWTH POLICIES

An urban model can be a very large and complex system representing many sectors of the urban environments. In this paper, an urban model, which includes several components or sub-models of the urban system is presented. These sub-models are in the areas of population, housing, land use, air pollution, transportation, water supply, sewerage, solid waste and drainage. Various modeling or system analysis techniques were used in the development of these sub-models. Cohorts-survival and disaggregation techniques were used for the population model. Input- output matrix and double cohort-survival technique was used for the housing model. The land use model was a heuristic model, designated as a spatial structured model, using Delphi and gaming techniques. The network system transportation model was based on a goal-directed/backward-seeking model system using mathematical programming. The water supply, sewerage, and solid waste models are multi-staged and multi-structured and mathematical programming was also used. Regression analysis was used in the air pollution model. Correlation analysis was used in the air pollution model. The models developed will present to planners or decision-makers a more systematic method which will assist them in the evaluation of urban growth policies.
The relation between two ductility mechanisms for Mg alloys revealed by high-throughput simulations

Abstract Understanding the deformation mechanisms of Mg has been a long-standing and significant problem for materials scientists. Currently, there are two widely acknowledged ductility-improving mechanisms, i.e., the dislocation nucleation mechanism and dislocation mobility mechanism. Since the two mechanisms were previously investigated using very different solute sets, hitherto there is no clear understanding of the relation between them. Based on the newly proposed descriptors for the mechanisms, high-throughput calculations are performed for 63 solutes. Our results confirm that the two mechanisms are strongly correlated. In most of the cases, the same solute has the same effect on the deformation through both mechanisms.
New Medical Studies, Same Old Politics: The Effects of Anti-Black Racism on Penetrative Trauma Research

The effects of medical racism on health outcomes of Black people in the U.S. are well recorded in prominent medical journals and governmental study data. Despite this documentation, there has yet to be broad structural change addressing the multiple oppressive systems intersecting to create adverse outcomes for Black people. Consequently, trust in medicine and medical practitioners continues to be low, which impacts the relationship between Black people and dominant institutions of medicine, including medical research. In this paper, I analyze the ethics of a forthcoming study on penetrative wound treatment from Temple University Hospital in Philadelphia. Using Franz Fanon’s analysis of medicine as a form of colonial practice and Dorothy Roberts’ analysis of the biological reduction of social inequities to problems of Black people themselves, I argue that the Philadelphia Immediate Transport in Penetrating Trauma Trial, or PIPT study 1) fails to meet the ethical requirement of treating study participants as human beings; 2) fails to engage with deep, structural inequities that produce higher rates of gun violence in communities from which study participants will be drawn; and 3) functions to reinforce stereotypes of Black men as violent and as thus to blame for the violence they face individually and at a community level. Without addressing the intersectional, structural, and interpersonal forms of oppression framing studies like the PIPT, I contend that medical researchers, medical practitioners, and policy makers cannot fully appreciate the extent to which race and anti-Black racism function to prevent the health and well-being of Black people.
The relationship between children with Helicobacter pylori infection and gastroduodenal disease

Objective To explore the relationship among different types of Helicobacter pylori (HP),the gastroduodenal disease type and the severity of gastric mucosal inflammation in childhood.Methods By western blot method to detect serum antibodies of CagA and VacA obtained from 112 patients infected by HP-related Chronic Gastritis (CG) and Peptic ulcer (PU).and observe the pathologic changes of gastric mucosa.Results In 112 cases,the CagA,VacA antibody detection rate was 82.14％ and 82.14％,no significant difference (P＞0.05).The detection rate of CagA,VacA antibodies in patients with chronic gastritis (CG) was 79.10％ and 83.58％,and in patients with Peptic ulcer (PU) was 86.67％ and 91.11％,The detection rate of CagA,VacA antibody in PU,CG had no obvious difference (P＞0.05).Of 112 cases of children with Hp infection,I type HP accounted for 80.36％,Ⅱ type HP accounted for 11.61％ and intermediate type accounted for 8.03％,No significant differences existed in the detection rate of these three types of HP in CG or PU (P＞0.05); Among the 90 patients with Ⅰ type HP,92.22％ of them caused severe gastric mucosal inflammation,7.78％ of them got mild inflammation.23.08％of 13 patients with Ⅱ type HP and 55.56％ of 9 patients with intermediate type HP got severe gastric mucosal inflammation,which showed that the differences are significant (P＜0.01).Conclusion CagA and VaCA are closely related to the onset of CG and PU,but can not be used as the basis for judging the onset of CG and PU,when children infected with Ⅰ type HP,their gastric mucosa suffers the greatest damage,they should be treated actively. Key words: Helicobacter pylori,children; Cytotoxin associated protein; Vacuolating toxin protein; Antibody; Chronic Gastritis; Ulcer
Testing Simulated Assistance Strategies on a Hip-Knee-Ankle Exoskeleton: a Case Study

While exoskeletons have markedly reduced the metabolic cost of walking, exoskeleton design remains expensive and time-consuming. Biomechanical simulations could improve exoskeleton development with their ability to optimize many design and control parameters simultaneously. While promising, simulations often rely on simplifying assumptions, such as fixed kinematic methods. Furthermore, few simulation-based designs have been tested directly in human experiments. To evaluate the utility of simulations for exoskeleton design, we designed a controller using biomechanical simulation and then tested the controller with a hip-knee-ankle exoskeleton worn by a single experienced user. Here we show that a biomechanical simulation constrained by safe, experiment-based torque limits can find an assistance pattern that reduces metabolic cost but with substantial differences between expected and measured outcomes. We found a simulated assistance profile that was expected to reduce the metabolic cost of walking by 69.0%. When tested experimentally, it reduced the cost by 25.9% compared to walking in the device unassisted. The simulation predicted the direction of activity change in most muscles but overestimated the total magnitude of these changes. The applied torques resulted in joint kinematic and stride frequency changes that were not accounted for in the simulation. Future simulations could allow kinematic adaptations and use updated cost functions that better reflect how humans respond to assistance. Continued feedback between experimental testing and simulation design will build on these promising results to improve the accuracy of simulations and enhance their ability to guide future exoskeleton designs.
Influence of COVID-19 Lockdowns on the Usage of a Vision Assistance App Among Global Users With Visual Impairment: Big Data Analytics Study.

Background: Millions of individuals with visual impairment use vision assistance apps to help with their daily activities. The most widely used vision assistance apps are magnifier apps. It is still largely unknown what the apps are used for. Lack of insight into the visual needs of individuals with visual impairment is a hurdle for the development of more effective assistive technologies. Objective: This study aimed to investigate how needs for visual aids may vary with social activities, by observing the changes in the usage of a smartphone magnifier app when many users take breaks from work. Methods: The number of launches of the SuperVision Magnifier app was determined retrospectively from 2018 to 2020 from among active users worldwide. The fluctuation in app usage was examined by comparing weekday vs weekend periods, Christmas and new year vs nonholiday seasons, and COVID-19 lockdowns vs the easing of restriction during the pandemic. Results: On average, the app was used 262,466 times by 38,237 users each month in 2020 worldwide. There were two major trough points on the timeline of weekly app usage, one aligned with the COVID-19 lockdowns in April 2020 and another aligned with the Christmas and new year week in 2018 and 2019. The app launches declined by 6947 (11% decline; P<.001) during the lockdown and by 5212 (9% decline; P=.001) during the holiday weeks. There was no significant decline during March to May 2019. App usage compensated for seasonal changes was 8.6% less during weekends than during weekdays (P<.001). Conclusions: The need for vision assistance technology was slightly lower during breaks and lockdowns, probably because the activities at home were different and less visually demanding. Nevertheless, for the entire user population, the needs for visual aids are still substantial.
Early Cumulative Fluid Balance and Outcomes in Pediatric Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplant Recipients With Acute Respiratory Failure: A Multicenter Study.

Objectives To evaluate the associations between early cumulative fluid balance (CFB) and outcomes among critically ill pediatric allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) recipients with acute respiratory failure, and determine if these associations vary by treatment with renal replacement therapy (RRT). Methods We performed a secondary analysis of a multicenter retrospective cohort of patients (1mo - 21yrs) post-allogeneic HCT with acute respiratory failure treated with invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) from 2009 to 2014. Fluid intake and output were measured daily for the first week of IMV (day 0 = day of intubation). The exposure, day 3 CFB (CFB from day 0 through day 3 of IMV), was calculated using the equation [Fluid in - Fluid out] (liters)/[PICU admission weight](kg)*100. We measured the association between day 3 CFB and PICU mortality with logistic regression, and the rate of extubation at 28 and 60 days with competing risk regression (PICU mortality = competing risk). Results 198 patients were included in the study. Mean % CFB for the cohort was positive on day 0 of IMV, and increased further on days 1-7 of IMV. For each 1% increase in day 3 CFB, the odds of PICU mortality were 3% higher (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.03, 95% CI 1.00-1.07), and the rate of extubation was 3% lower at 28 days (adjusted subdistribution hazard ratio (aSHR) 0.97, 95% CI 0.95-0.98) and 3% lower at 60 days (aSHR 0.97, 95% CI 0.95-0.98). When day 3 CFB was dichotomized, 161 (81%) had positive and 37 (19%) had negative day 3 CFB. Positive day 3 CFB was associated with higher PICU mortality (aOR 3.42, 95% CI 1.48-7.87) and a lower rate of extubation at 28 days (aSHR 0.30, 95% CI 0.18-0.48) and 60 days (aSHR 0.30, 95% 0.19-0.48). On stratified analysis, the association between positive day 3 CFB and PICU mortality was significantly stronger in those not treated with RRT (no RRT: aOR 9.11, 95% CI 2.29-36.22; RRT: aOR 1.40, 95% CI 0.42-4.74). Conclusions Among critically ill pediatric allogeneic HCT recipients with acute respiratory failure, positive and increasing early CFB were independently associated with adverse outcomes.
Any Non-welfarist Method of Policy Assessment Violates the Pareto Principle: A Counter Example

I make a key point that social welfare functions that only rely on individual utility still may reflect what people typically think of as a non-welfarist approach by critiquing Kaplow and Shavell (Journal of Political Economy, 2001) who propose and “prove” a proposition asserting that “Any non-welfarist method of policy assessment violates the Pareto principle.” The fundamental mistake made by Kaplow and Shavell is that their definition of welfarism equates welfarist methods and social welfare functions that only rely on individual utility. As a result, their definition of (non-)welfarism does not always coincide with common interpretations of (non-)welfarist methods.
Low-energy lateral compression type 1 (LC1) pelvic ring fractures in the middle-aged and elderly affect hospital quality measures and functional outcomes.

The purpose of this study was to examine hospital quality measures and the long-term functional outcomes associated with lateral compression type 1 [LC1] pelvic ring injuries. A query was performed from December 2011 to September 2020 at two institutions within one hospital system for patients with a pelvic fracture diagnosis. Chart review was performed on admitted patients to determine demographic information, medical co-morbidities (to calculate Charlson Co-morbidity Index), in-hospital complications, length of stay [LOS], discharge disposition, and 30-day readmission rates. All patients included were treated nonoperatively. An attempt was made to contact all patients for long-term follow-up to assess current functional status with a Short Musculoskeletal Function Assessment [SMFA]. Two-hundred and eighty-six patients were included, with 172 (65.9%) patients admitted and analyzed with respect to hospital quality measures. Patients admitted were older (83 vs 80 years, p = 0.015) with more medical co-morbidities (p = 0.001) than those discharged from the emergency department. The average LOS was 5.7 ± 3.7 days and 31 (18%) experienced in-hospital complications. The inpatient mortality rate was 1.2%, and the 30-day readmission rate was 8.1%. When comparing admitted patients without concomitant injuries, admitted patients with concomitant injuries, and non-admitted patients, admitted patients with concomitant injuries were found to have more medical co-morbidities (p = 0.001). Forty-three patients were available for long-term follow-up (average 36.6 ± 7.3 months), with an average SMFA score of 29.0 ± 25.7. Patients admitted for LC1 pelvic fractures are likely to be older with more medical co-morbidities, and up to 1/5th will experience inpatient complications. Although inpatient mortality remains low, this injury pattern can lead to significant functional disability that persists for several years after injury.
Evaluating the Psychometric Properties of the Psychological Capital Questionnaire (PCQ) in Patients with Parkinson's Disease.

BACKGROUND Positive personality resources have demonstrated the ability to positively impact health outcomes. OBJECTIVE To examine the psychometric properties of the original Psychological Capital Questionnaire (PCQ-24) in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). METHODS A sample of 114 individuals with PD completed the PCQ-24, and via a latent factor modeling framework exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to evaluate the psychometric properties in people with PD. RESULTS Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) revealed that both the efficacy and hope scales were reliable (Cronbach's alpha = 0.87 and 0.86, respectively) and had statistically acceptable validity with strong factor loadings all above the practical threshold of 0.60. The resilience and optimism scales were also reliable (Cronbach's alpha = 0.78 and 0.73, respectively) but had only moderately acceptable validity in part due to three reverse-scored items (i.e., No. 13, 20, & 23) with weak factor loadings of 0.26, 0.46, and 0.50, respectively. After excluding these at-risk items, the overall factor loadings for resilience and optimism were significantly improved at the acceptable above 0.60. The CFA results confirm a statistically acceptable model fit for the modified version (only 21-items) of the PCQ in the PD sample. CONCLUSION Both EFA and CFA analyses provide statistical evidence supporting the modified PCQ version and demonstrate better test validity and reliability in the PD population. The refined PCQ form is both effectively shorter and psychometrically superior to the original and has promise in investigating health outcomes in people with PD.
Is soybean therapy better than ClinOleic for reducing recovery time in cats with permethrin toxicosis

PICO question Is soybean oil-based intravenous lipid emulsion (IVLE) therapy more effective than olive oil-based (ClinOleic IVLE therapy) for reducing time to recovery in cats with permethrin toxicosis? Clinical bottom line Category of research question Treatment The number and type of study designs reviewed Five case reports and one randomised clinical trial Strength of evidence Weak Outcomes reported Soybean oil-based and ClinOleic IVLE therapies can be used safely as adjuvant treatments to reduce time to recovery in cats with permethrin intoxication. However, the evidence collected suggests that soybean oil-based IVLE therapy is better in reducing the recovery time after permethrin toxicosis as compared to ClinOleic IVLE therapy Conclusion The overall findings showed that the average recovery time after soybean oil-based IVLE therapy across patients with permethrin intoxication was 8.5 hours and the average time to recovery after olive oil-based emulsions (ClinOleic therapy) was 39 hours. This may suggest that soybean oil-based formulations are a better option for reducing the recovery time in cats after permethrin toxicity. Dermal decontamination, supportive care, muscle relaxers, and anticonvulsant drugs are examples of recommended treatments before the administration of any intralipid therapies and must be used based on the clinical signs of each patient How to apply this evidence in practice The application of evidence into practice should take into account multiple factors, not limited to: individual clinical expertise, patient’s circumstances and owners’ values, country, location or clinic where you work, the individual case in front of you, the availability of therapies and resources. Knowledge Summaries are a resource to help reinforce or inform decision making. They do not override the responsibility or judgement of the practitioner to do what is best for the animal in their care.
Incident Detection with Probe Vehicles: Performance, Infrastructure Requirements, and Feasibility

Abstract In this paper we develop an incident detection algorithm based on information received in real-time from probe vehicles. We present a model which allows us to estimate the upper bound detection rate for a given density of probe vehicles. We demonstrate our algorithm on data collected from the 1-880 freeway in Hayward, California. We conclude that a probe vehicle-based algorithm is feasible, and it avoids some of the infrastructure problems facing loop-based algorithms.
Der Mythos vom Tod des Helden

The Harvard Business Review veroffentlichte einen Artikel mit dem Titel “Democracy is Inevitable” (Die Demokratie ist unvermeidlich)1). Die Autoren dieses Artikels, Warren Bennis und Philip Slater, sind zwei Sozialwissenschaftler, die eine interessante These aufstellten, die besonders als Ausgangspunkt fur dieses abschliesende Kapitel geeignet ist.
Stimulation of Catecholamine-sensitive Adenylate Cyclase by 5′-Guanylyl-Imidodiphosphate

Abstract The GTP analog 5'-guanylyl-imidodiphosphate (Gpp(NH)p) caused marked stimulation of basal and catecholamine (isoproterenol)-sensitive adenylate cyclase from canine myocardium, frog erythrocytes and rat paraovarian fat. The combination of Gpp(NH)p (10-4 m) and isoproterenol (10-4 m) produced activation of adenylate cyclase equal to (fat) or significantly greater than (heart, erythrocytes) that stimulated by fluoride ion. The great activity of Gpp(NH)p was not due to its greater resistance to hydrolysis than GTP or to inhibition of ATP hydrolysis, since an ATP regenerating system was employed in the adenylate cyclase assays, and no significant hydrolysis of ATP or GTP occurred. GTP caused stimulation of adenylate cyclase in myocardial membranes, was virtually without effect in frog erythrocytes and resulted in inhibition in adipose membranes. Despite the much greater enzyme activation by Gpp(NH)p than GTP, the affinity of GTP for the nucleotide regulatory sites on the enzyme was greater. GTP potently and competitively antagonized the greater enzyme stimulation by Gpp(NH)p. Adenylate cyclase stimulation by any concentration of Gpp(NH)p was 50% inhibited by a 10-fold lower concentration of GTP. The concentration of Gpp(NH)p necessary for half-maximal stimulation was doubled by 10-7 m GTP. Ability to competitively antagonize stimulation by Gpp(NH)p provided a convenient way of assessing the relative affinities of nucleotides for the regulatory sites. These affinities were GTP g GDP g GMP g ITP with UTP and CTP either very weak or inert. Since GTP and other nucleotides are capable of causing only partial activation of the enzyme, comparison of their affinities for the nucleotide regulatory sites on the basis of ability to stimulate adenylate cyclase may be misleading. This is particularly true in frog erythrocyte membranes where the guanine nucleotides have almost no intrinsic activity although they may have high affinity for the sites. The marked stimulation of adenylate cyclase by Gpp-(NH)p appears to be due to an increase in the Vmax of the enzyme rather than to a change in the affinity for substrate, MgATP, or divalent cation (Mg2+)
21 Percent: The Role of Socioeconomics and Housing Characteristics on CO2 Emissions from the U.S. Residential Sector

Residential buildings generated 21% of the 2009 CO2 emissions in the United States. Using data from the 2005 Residential Energy Consumption Survey (RECS), this paper evaluates the effect of a set of socioeconomic attributes and housing unit characteristics on total, per-capita (Human Carbon Intensity), and per-square foot (Building Carbon Intensity) indices of the estimated CO2 emission production. Controlling for local climate, results from three hierarchical multiple regression models demonstrates that most of the socioeconomic and housing unit characteristics have significant associations with CO2 emission indices. With respect to the nature of association, coefficients’ behaviors across the three models, and policy implications, I characterized the outcomes in three categories: results that are rather intuitive, those who are either counter-intuitive or new-to-know, and outcomes that imply the existence of underlying complexities. Not being equipped with the appropriate tool set and knowledge, however, current regional development policies and planning practices rarely take the implications of climate change into consideration. With a direct and linear approach, traditional (standard) research accounts have often failed to distinguish between the direct and indirect effects of both households and buildings, leading to inefficient policies. This paper proposes that, in the resurgence of planning in a new century, where climate change is a major challenge, local and regional governments should incorporate impacts of households’ housing consumption behaviors in designation of metropolitan climate change and energy policies.
Vibrio parahaemolyticus Gastroenteritis in Maryland: Laboratory Aspects

Vibrio parahaemolyticus was the etiological agent in three food-related epidemics of gastroenteritis in Maryland, during August 1971. These outbreaks involved crab food products. Fifteen isolates of V. parahaemolyticus were made which included 11 from patients and 4 from foods. Serotype 04:K11 was the cause of the outbreaks. It was recovered from patients in each outbreak and gave a positive Kanagawa reaction, an indication of enteropathogenicity. Other patient isolates included types 03:K30, 03:K33, and an untypable isolate, all of which were Kanagawa negative. Food isolates included serotypes 03:K30, 02:K28, and two untypable isolates, all of which were Kanagawa negative. The outbreaks reported in this paper constitute the first confirmed foodborne epidemics due to V. parahaemolyticus in the United States. Methods for the isolation and identification of V. parahaemolyticus are presented, including a procedure for the simple conversion of conventional laboratory media into suitable culture media for this halophilic organism.
Anthranilate synthase-anthranilate 5-phosphoribosylpyrophosphate phosphoribosyltransferase from Salmonella typhimurium: Purification of the enzyme complex and analysis of multiple forms

Abstract 1. 1.|The anthranilate synthase-anthranilate 5-phosphoribosylpyrophosphate phosphoribosyltransferase enzyme complex (chorismate pyruvate-lyase (aminoaccepting), EC 4.1.3.27) · ( N-(5′- phosphoribosyl)-anthranilate :pyrophosphate phosphoribosyltransferase, EC 2.4.2.18), from Salmonella typhimurium has been purified with high yields to homogeneity. Sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis of the purified enzyme complex revealed one major band containing 96% of the protein. The final yield of enzyme complex activity ranged from 30 to 60%. The absorbance spectrum of enzyme complex showed a peak at 280 nm and fine structure with peaks at 253, 259, 266 and 269 nm. These latter wavelengths correspond closely with the known absorbance maxima of phenylalanine. 2. 2.|When purified enzyme complex was subjected to standard gel electrophoresis, a four band pattern of protein peaks was consistently observed. The major enzyme complex band was apparently the native tetramer, having a molecular weight of 280000 and containing ammonia- and glutamine-dependent anthranilate synthase activity. The other three bands were molecular weight isomers of the major enzyme complex band. Two forms of molecular weight isomers were present: dimers and an aggregate of the native enzyme complex. The molecular weight isomers of the enzyme complex may represent forms generated by aggregation and denaturation of the native enzyme complex. 3. 3.|A new and highly sensitive spectrophotometric assay for phosphoribosyltransferase is described. The method is based upon the difference in extinction coefficients between anthranilate and N-(5′- phosphoribosyl)anthranilate .
Structural, thermal and deformation-induced point defects in PdIn

Perturbed angular correlation of gamma rays (PAC) was applied to measure concentrations of point defects in quenched and milled intermetallic compounds. Two systems with high ordering energies were studied, PdIn and NiAl, with principal results obtained for PdIn. The defects, lattice vacancies and antisite atoms, were detected by quadrupole interactions induced at nuclei of nearby In/Cd probe atoms. Measurements on annealed, quenched and milled samples are compared to identify quadrupole interaction signals with specific configurations of defects near probe atoms. Muller and Hahn had previously identified signals with a Pd-vacancy in the first near-neighbor shell of the In probe and a Pd-antisite atom in the second shell. Six additional signals are identified in this work, including two distinct configurations of two Pd-vacancies in the first shell, a Pd-vacancy in the fourth shell, an In-vacancy in the second or third shell, and an In-antisite atom in the first shell. After quenching, observation of both Pd and In-vacancies after quenching from 1100-1500 K demonstrates that the high temperature equilibrium defect is the Schottky vacancy pair. An activation energy of 0.91(18) eV was determined for formation of a Schottky pair. After milling, the site fraction of probes having one Pd-vacancy in the first shell increased rapidly and saturated at a value of about 20%. This implies a Pd-vacancy concentration of about 3.3 at.%, with a corresponding enthalpy of the order of 3 kJ mol−1, making a significant fraction of the excess enthalpy in the milled intermetallic. After milling NiAl, a Ni-vacancy concentration of order 1–10 at.% was observed. A comparison is made of defect combinations observed after mechanical milling of PdIn and NiAl by PAC and of other intermetallics by Mossbauer spectroscopy. Dominant defects produced by milling are the Schottky pair for PdIn, triple defect for NiAl and FeRh and antisite atom pair for FeAl.
Standardized BACTEC Method To Measure Clarithromycin Susceptibility of Mycobacterium genavense

A standardized clarithromycin susceptibility test for Mycobacterium genavense is reported. The BACTEC radiometric broth dilution test method recommended for Mycobacterium avium complex was modified to develop a reliable and reproducible procedure. Test development involved optimization of medium pH and inoculum densities for antibiotic vials as well as growth control vials. MIC control organisms included Mycobacterium simiae, Mycobacterium avium, and Mycobacterium xenopi. Growth control vials required two to three inoculum dilutions, which varied for each species. Clarithromycin MICs and MBCs for 12 isolates and 1 colonial variant of M. genavense ranged from < or = 0.06 to 0.25 microg/ml.
A comparison of the effects of component nonidealities on the performance of analog and digital LMS adaptive noise cancellers

The effects of the nonidealities of the components used in the implementation of analog and digital adaptive noise cancellers are compared. It is shown that the effects of implementation differ significantly from those encountered in ideal considerations or those in which the added circuit noise is assumed to have a zero mean distribution. Analytical expressions are presented to show that the most deleterious effects found in analog implementations are caused by the errors found in the weight integrators and the input multipliers. The effects of input quantization, quantization of the weights, effects of roundoff accumulation, and the effects of the digital residual error are considered for digital implementations.
Responses to Prison for Environmental Criminals Impacts of Incident, Perpetrator, and Respondent Characteristics

Qualitative work with water quality inspectors suggests that structured discretion shapes the transition from informal to administrative sanctions and depends both on impressions formed about the morality of the polluter and the seriousness of the incident. Undergraduates (n = 118) at a diverse, urban university judged vignettes based on an actual prosecution. In a fully between 2 × 2 × 2 randomized design, the authors manipulated incident damage, polluter criminal history, and polluter-regulator relationship. These features influenced respondents’perceptions of offender cooperativeness and event seriousness. Cooperativeness influenced reactions to the appropriateness of prison; event seriousness influenced reactions to the appropriateness of a long prison term. Results suggest the factors influencing reactions to the transition from civil to severe criminal sanctions are somewhat similar to the factors influencing regulators’transitioning from informal to administrative sanctioning; in both sets of proce...
Mass spectra of thiophene- and pyrrole-2-carboxyaldehyde condensation products prepared from ephedrine derivatives

Mass spectra of Thiophene- and Pyrrole-2-carboxyaldehyde Condensation Products Prepared from Ephedrine Derivatives
Acid Adapted Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus Enhance Survival in Acidic Environments

ABSTRACT Prior exposure of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus cells to pH 5.5 resulted in an adaptive acid tolerance response of these bacteria to pH 4.0. Acid adapted V. parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus cells at pH 5.5 for 1 h were reduced by 5 logs within 2 h after exposure to pH 4.0, while non-acid adapted cells were reduced by 4.5 logs within 15 to 30 min after exposure to pH 4.0. Chloramphenicol treated cells were not acid tolerant and were reduced by more than 5 logs within 10 min after exposure to pH 4.0 conditions. This study suggests that development of acid tolerance in V. parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus may increase the likelihood of these bacteria to survive the acid environment found in the human stomach.
Knowledge discovery in group activities through sequential observation analysis

Understanding of Group Activities (GA) has significant applications in civilian and military domains. The process of understanding GA is typically involved with spatiotemporal analysis of multi-modality sensor data. Video imagery is one popular sensing modality that offers rich data, however, data associated with imagery source may become fragmented and discontinued due to a number of reasons (e.g., data transmission, or observation obstructions and occlusions). However, making sense out of video imagery is a real challenge. It requires a proper inference working model capable of analyzing video imagery frame by frame, extract and inference spatiotemporal information pertaining to observations while developing an incremental perception of the GA as they emerge overtime. In this paper, we propose an ontology based GA recognition where three inference Hidden Markov Models (HMM’s) are used for predicting group activities taking place in outdoor environments and different task operational taxonomy. The three competing models include: a concatenated HMM, a cascaded HMM, and a context-based HMM. The proposed ontology based GA-HMM was subjected to set of semantically annotated visual observations from outdoor group activity experiments. Experimental results from GA-HMM are presented with technical discussions on design of each model and their potential implication to Persistent Surveillance Systems (PSS).
Structures and energetics of Pt, Pd, and Ni adatom clusters on the Pt(001) surface: Embedded-atom-method calculations

The structures and energetics of Pt, Pd, and Ni adatom clusters on the Pt(001) surface have been investigated using the embedded-atom method (EAM). The stable configurations of Pt clusters are predicted to be linear chains oriented along the {l angle}110{r angle} directions for three and five adatoms and close-packed islands for four and six or more adatoms. These results are in agreement with a recent field-ion-microscopy (FIM) study and with previous EAM calculations (Schwoebel {ital et} {ital al}., Phys. Rev. B 40, 10 639 (1989)). For Pd, the stable configurations are predicted to be close-packed islands except for three adatoms, for which a linear chain is the predicted stable configuration. Preliminary FIM observations, with Pd clusters containing up to six adatoms, agree with these predictions for four, five, and six adatoms, but are not conclusive concerning the stable configuration for three adatoms (G. L. Kellogg (private communication)). For Ni, the stable configurations are predicted to be linear chains for all numbers of adatoms, and at this time no experimental observations have been reported. The similarities and differences in the results for Pt, Pd, and Ni adatoms are discussed, as well as the importance of substrate relaxations.
Acoustical analyses of neonates' vocalizations.

Summary Crying and other vocalizations of normal children under the age of 3 days were recorded and analyzed. The purpose was to establish a norm, in acoustical terms, to which one could compare the cry of any given newborn of the same age. One hopes that such a template may assist in the identification of such neonates who have airway obstructions and/or inadequate neuromotor control of respiration. The data reveal two things. One is that the type of vocalization (cry or non-cry) is not relevant to the analysis. The other finding is that spontaneous vocalization (as distinguished from elicited vocalization) is satisfactory for the purpose.
Multicomponent Seismic Data Registration By Least Squares

We apply an automatic data registration (warping) algorithm to find a mapping between P-wave and converted-wave migrated images. The algorithm improves the matching of seismic volumes obtained by previous manual interpretation. There are two main products of this process. First, it improves a combined interpretation of multi-component seismic images. Second, interval velocity ratios get extracted directly from the warping function at a resolution unobtainable with other methods.
Automatic respiratory gas monitoring.

Abstract A unique system is described for automatic sequential sampling of airway gases operating on a 24-hour-a-day basis in a 12-bed Shock Trauma Recovery Unit. A series of 50-foot-long sampling lines run from each bed area to a manifold. A small digital calculator each hour automatically places a mass spectrometer in an operative mode, switches a manifold to a calibrating gas, sequentially samples each occupied bed, prints out calculated data, and then reverts to standby status. The analog waveforms from the spectrometer are conditioned for high and low levels corresponding to inspiratory and peak expiratory values of oxygen and peak expiratory carbon dioxide. The waveforms are counted for respiratory rate, and the respiratory quotient is computed. These data are used, in lieu of frequent blood gas determinations, in making estimates of arterial pCO 2 for adjusting respirators and to monitor airway oxygen levels. The system in conjunction with a pneumotachometer is compatible with on-line computer analysis of respiratory gas exchange and mechanics. Using the system, similar data may be obtained off line by collecting mixed expired gases using more conventional techniques and immediate bedside measurement.
The substrate specificity of amylopectin-debranching enzymes from sweet corn.

Abstract An enzyme showing pullulanase activity has been purified from sweet corn, and separated on hydroxylapatite into what appear to be two isoenzyme forms. The specificities of the two fractions are identical. Pullulan, α-limit dextrins and amylopectin β-limit dextrin are rapidly hydrolyzed by the enzyme; amylopectin is slowly debranched, but there is no significant action on glycogen unless the enzyme is allowed to act simultaneously with β-amylase. The enzyme therefore resembles pullulanase [bacterial R-enzyme, EC 3.2.1.9] from Aerobacter aerogenes . The in vivo significance of this enzyme is discussed.
LARGE TRUCKS IN URBAN AREAS : A SAFETY PROBLEM?

The direct safety effects of increasing the number of large trucks in urban areas are explored. A simple theoretical model of the consequences of mixing trucks with cars is presented. The model, supported by recent detailed data from national in-depth accident investigation programs, indicates that the physical difference of mass between the two types of vehicles necessarily leads to a larger number of fatalities unless there is a concomitant reduction in the probability of such collisions. A comparison of urban and rural truck accident experience shows that the most severe urban accidents occur on urban interstate roads. Therefore, traffic engineers will be challenged by the problems associated with an increased truck population and will need to continue developing ways of reducing the chances of contact between the two types of vehicles in traffic flow.
Properties of the transfer functions of compartmental models. II

Abstract This paper investigates the nonlinear system of algebraic equations arising from the transfer function of a linear time-invariant compartmental model. Properties of the system and its Jacobian matrix are found. An existence theorem for positive solutions of the system is given. Computation of the model parameters is discussed, based on a combinatorial simplex method and Newton's method. Finally, some sources of nonuniqueness due to symmetry among the equations, and the subsequent effect on the determinant of the system Jacobian, are investigated.
Electrostatic disruption of a charged conducting spheroid

Electrostatic disruption of elongated parent grains following sudden charging to high electrostatic potentials is proposed as a specific mechanism for the appearance of striae or pseudosynchronic bands which have been observed in several comets. The polar and equatorial electrostatic tension for axis ratios between 0.01 and 1000 are calculated, and the polar pressure is found to be larger than the equatorial pressure for prolate spheroids. The electrostatic polar pressure profile along the polar axis for prolate spheroids is calculated, and the pressure is found to increase monotonically from a minimum at the center to a maxima at the ends. This indicates that as a prolate spheroid of uniform tensile strength is charged up, it will continue to chip off at the ends when the electrostatic pressure there exceeds the uniform tensile strength of the grain. The result can be a prolate grain or a grain which continues chipping until it explodes.
Taking their own lives -- the high rate of physician suicide.

It has been known for some time that suicide rates among doctors are higher than those in the general population, writes Dr. Eva Schernhammer. The gap in suicide rates evidently begins as early as medical school, where overall suicide rates are higher than in the age-matched population.
Free Web-based tools for information literacy instruction

Purpose – The purpose of this article is to examine several free Web-based tools for library instruction, including links to actual use by libraries. Design/methodology/approach – Free Web-based technologies were explored to determine use in library instruction. Findings – Free Web-based technologies are used for instruction by academic, medical and public libraries. Originality/value – This paper examines some newer Web-based technologies that are used in library instruction.