cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
CT and MR of MELAS syndrome.

MELAS (mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke) syndrome was first described in 1984 by Pavlakis et al. [1] after reporting three cases of their own and identifying eight others in the literature. Although MELAS syndrome shares some similarities with Kearns-Sayre syndrome and MERRF (myoclonus epilepsy and ragged-red fibers) syndrome, they believe it to be a distinct clinical syndrome, and it is generally accepted as such [2). All three syndromes are similar in that ragged-red fibers are found on skeletal muscle biopsy, indicative of a mitochondrial abnormality, and that spongy degeneration is found in the brain. Clinically similar features include short stature, dementia, weakness, sensorineural hearing loss, and serum lactic acidosis [3] . Features that clinically differentiate MELAS are presence of cortical blindness and hemiparesis, and absence of ophthalmoplegia, heart block, and myoclonus [3). Perhaps because this is a rare and complex neurologic syndrome, most of the literature has focused on the clinical and biochemical abnormalities . Unfortunately, the radiologic descriptions have been brief and the image quality of the few published CT scans has been poor [1). Of the original 11 cases of MELAS syndrome reported , six had CT scan results recorded and we identified two subsequent cases [4, 5] in the literature in addition to the two we describe here, enabling us to review the CT findings in 10 patients as well as the MR findings in two. CT in the two cases reported here was performed on various scanners and MR was performed on a 0.15-T prototype magnet. *
Foveal automatic target recognition using a neural network

This paper proposes a method for identifying and classifying a target from its foveal imagery using a neural network. The method's criterion for identifying a target is based on finding the global minimum of an energy function. This energy function is characterized by matching the candidate target and a library of target models at several levels of resolution of nonuniformly sampled foveal image data. For this purpose, a top-down and bottom-up (concurrent) matching procedure is implemented via a multi-layer Hopfield neural network. The corresponding energy function supports not only connections between cells at the same resolution level, but also interconnections between two sets of nodes at two different resolution levels. The proposed method also utilizes a feature analysis at the higher resolution levels of the target to relocate the center of the fovea to a more salient region of the target (gaze control). The results of an experimental scenario for foveal target recognition are presented.
Repeated cleavage failure does not establish centrosome amplification in untransformed human cells

We tested whether cleavage failure as a transient event establishes an incidence of centrosome amplification in cell populations. Five rounds of ∼30% cytochalasin-induced cleavage failure in untransformed human cell cultures did not establish centrosome amplification in the short or long terms. The progeny of binucleate cells progressively dropped out of the cell cycle and expressed p53/p21, and none divided a fourth time. We also tested whether cleavage failure established centrosome amplification in transformed cell populations. Tetraploid HCT116 p53−/− cells eventually all failed cleavage repeatedly and ceased proliferating. HeLa cells all died or arrested within four cell cycles. Chinese hamster ovary cells proliferated after cleavage failure, but five rounds of induced cleavage failure produced a modest increase in the incidence of centrosome amplification in the short term, which did not rise with more cycles of cleavage failure. This incidence dropped to close to control values in the long term despite a 2–6% rate of spontaneous cleavage failure in the progeny of tetraploid cells.
Automated Integrative Complexity: Current Challenges and Future Directions

Automating integrative complexity is fraught with many challenges. To address these challenges, we discuss the tension between a specificity approach and a more flexible multiple-pass approach, the multifaceted nature of the complexity construct, the gold standard for complexity measurement, the difficulty of human scoring and its consequences for automation, and some ways forward for creating the best complexity measurements. In so doing, we present new data demonstrating (1) initial evidence for the validity of a new automated system for measuring two different forms of complexity (elaborative and dialectical), (2) the danger of constructing measurements in a purely ad hoc fashion that ignores prospective testing, (3) human-to-computer correspondence is in part a function of human-to-human correspondence, (4) human-to-computer correspondence increases systematically as one uses tests with larger units of analysis, and (5) the lack of correspondence of different systems (both human and automated) may occur in part because they were designed for different units of analysis.
Optical Fourier processing microscope to quantify subcellular structure and dynamics

Fundamental biological processes, such as cell death, involve time-dependent dynamic alterations in the morphology and organization of organelles. Since organelles are at the limit of optical image resolution, electron microscopy (EM) remains the method of choice to assess subcellular structure. However, sample fixation precludes analysis of time dependent processes within the same specimen with EM, and the use of high magnification with nanoscale resolution often results in the analysis of a few limited fields of view. To address these limitations and assess morphological change over large fields of view with sub-wavelength sensitivity in unstained living cells, we demonstrate a microscope for optical processing with high spatial frequency resolution. We use a digital micromirror device as a Fourier spatial filter to implement two-dimensional Gabor-like filters that can characterize particle size, orientation and aspect ratio. Quantitative object maps that encode these local morphological parameters are generated. We demonstrate the nanoscale sensitivity of this technique to object structure using periodic phase masks and spheres, and show how the size, aspect ratio and orientation of finite objects may be assessed in situ with our approach. In contrast to digital image processing, the sensitivity of our method to local morphological change is determined by frequency resolution in the Fourier plane, and is gained through a trade-off with spatial resolution in the image, therefore making it independent of image blurring or camera pixel size. Applications include rapid throughput analysis of non-spherical scatterers, such as mitochondria, within living cells.
Approximations to Error Functions

This paper addresses approximations to error functions and points out three representative approximations, each with its own merits. Cody's approximation is the most computationally intensive of the three, it is not overly so, and there is no arguing over its accuracy. The other two approximations are much simpler computationally, and they both yield accuracies that would be considered more than sufficient in most practical situations. Absolute relative error provides an effective measure of goodness, and, for approximations to the Q-function, it also places a loose bound on the absolute error in the approximation. Cody's approximation is an effective surrogate for the true error function; the values provided by that approximation match the actual values of the error function to within roughly the precision of double-precision floating point arithmetic.
Impact of Fashion Orientation on Hispanic and Non-Hispanic White Consumer Behavior:

The purpose of this research is to examine the influence of fashion involvement, fashion consciousness, and shopping enjoyment on non-Hispanic White and Hispanic consumers’ selection of shopping ch...
Secretory peptide PdEPF2 enhances drought tolerance by modulating stomatal density and regulates ABA response in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana

Water deficit limits the growth and productivity of plants worldwide. Improved water use efficiency (WUE) and drought tolerance are important adaptations to address these limitations. In this study, an epidermal patterning factor (EPF), PdEPF2, from a fast-growing poplar clone NE-19 (Populus nigra × (Populus deltoids × Populus nigra)) was isolated. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction showed that transcription of this gene was induced by drought and abscisic acid (ABA). To study the biological functions of PdEPF2, transgenic Arabidopsis plants harboring (35S:PdEPF2) in which PdEPF2 was constitutively expressed were generated. Compared with the wild type and epf2-3 mutant, the transgenic plants ectopically expressing PdEPF2 showed favorable osmotic parameters, such as seed germination rate, primary root length, proline and chlorophyll content, Fv/Fm, photosynthetic rate, and instantaneous leaf WUE, under drought stress. In addition, the transgenic Arabidopsis plants displayed enhanced drought tolerance as a result of decreased stomatal density, which would limit transpiration and reduce water loss. Compared with the wild-type, plants that overexpressed PdEPF2 had decreased sensitivity to exogenous ABA during germination and seedling development, whereas the epf2-3 mutant showed increased sensitivity to ABA. Furthermore, PdEPF2 positively regulated expression of two ABA signaling-related genes, ABI1 and ABI2. These findings indicate that PdEPF2 may enhance drought tolerance by regulating stomatal density and the response to the ABA signaling pathway.
A Risk Prediction Model for Redislocation Following First Time Lateral Patellar Dislocation (LPD)

Objectives:There is not a formula that is regularly used to help predict the risk of redislocation for an individual patient following first time lateral patellar dislocation (LPD). Our objective was to develop a model to help predict the risk of redislocation that can be easily applied in a clinic visit following first time LPD.Methods:Between 2008-2012, patients were prospectively identified at 2 musculoskeletal outpatient clinics. Patients were included if they had a history, physical exam, & magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) consistent with LPD without other significant ligamentous injury. Multiple anatomic & injury variables were obtained from the MRI including tibial tubercle - trochlear groove distance, patellar tilt, trochlear depth, trochlear facet asymmetry, trochlear condyle asymmetry, lateral trochlear inclination angle, trochlear sulcus angle (SA), Insall-Salvati ratio (ISR), Caton-Deschamps index, patellotrochlear index, location & severity of chondral injury, location & severity of MPFL inju...
When the “Jungle” met the forest: Public work, civil defense, and prison camps in Postwar California

In January and February 1969, winter rains pounded southern California counties merci lessly. The wettest winter in eighty years caused millions of dollars in losses in the regions agriculture, ravaged canyons with flash floods, and buried roads and freeways east of Los Angeles and neighboring Orange County. Matters went from bad to worse on February 25 when six thousand Southlanders fled their canyon homes in fear of mudslides. Many stayed behind, such as the Quick family: mother, father, and their four children. Five of the Quicks' neighbors died in the disaster. Cut off from the outside world for three days in Silverado Canyon on the western slopes of the Santa Ana Mountains, the Quick fam ily was rescued by a team of convicts from the region s prison forest camp.1 The Quicks were no "bleeding-heart" liberals likely to mollycoddle criminals. Volun teers in Ronald Reagan's gubernatorial campaign, they supported the Vietnam War and cracking down on Berkeley student protests. But the 1969 flood washed out their law and-order stand. Grateful for the "heroic deeds" of the sleep-deprived, soaked, and starv ing "men who put their life on the line for others," Mrs. R. Quick asked the governor in a letter to reduce their sentences. She showed no interest in the men's criminal record? it was their race that caused Mrs. Quick's biggest surprise: "Everyone always shows the worst side of negroes. None were there to record the negro prisoners up to chests in water (raging water) forming a human chain passing children and people to the other side." It was not just their courage and strength that seemed remarkable, but "the gentle way they handled the children." Like most of the flood victims, Mrs. Quick saw model citizens in
Molecular dynamics simulations on the phase transition of simple non-polar fluids under nanometre confinement

In this paper liquid–vapour molecular dynamics simulations are performed to investigate the solvation force oscillation mechanism of a simple non-polar fluid confined between two solid surfaces. As the two surfaces approach each other to be within a few molecular layers apart, normal force oscillations between the two surfaces are observed which are very similar to those observed in surface force measurements. It is shown that the layering transition of the liquid film is an abrupt liquid-to-solid phase transition. The nucleation of the solid phase starts at the central region of the confined film that can support a finite shear stress. It is found that this phase transition behaviour does not critically depend on the contact nature between the liquid and solid walls. Furthermore, the formation of the close-packed solidified film is confinement induced, rather than pressure induced.
Cobalt salts in acute cyanide poisoning.

SummaryThree cobalt compounds have been tested in non-anesthetized dogs poisoned with subcutaneous injection of NaCN. Sodium cobaltinitrite i.v. detoxifies 3 LD's. Cobalt chloride does not seem to be effective. Co2EDTA at its best antidotes 2 LD's.
GENETIC CHANGES IN FLUCTUATING VOLE POPULATIONS.

Microtine rodents undergo periodic fluctuations in population density (Krebs et al., 1969). Ecologists have searched unsuccessfully for the driving force behind these fluctuations, invoking environmental factors such as weather (Elton, 1929), nutrition (Pitelka, 1964), disease (Elton, 1925), and predation (Pearson, 1966). What has been conspicuously ignored in most studies on the regulation of rodent numbers is the genetic composition of the population. This study is a continuation of previous efforts (Krebs et al., 1969; Tamarin and Krebs, 1969) combining population genetics and ecology to provide predictive insight into population fluctuations of small rodents. The purpose of the study was threefold: (1) to demonstrate how the genetic architecture of a population changes with different phases of a population fluctuation, (2) to correlate genetic changes with demographic events occurring in the population, and (3) to establish the temporal and spatial replicability of these genetic changes. Several attempts have been made to monitor genetic changes in fluctuating rodent populations. Canham (1969), studying transferrin and albumin polymorphisms in fluctuating populations of Peromyscus maniculatus, Cleithrionomys rutilus, and C. gapperi, found that heterozygote fitness
Feminist Mentoring and Relational Cultural Theory: A Case Example and Implications

Social work educators who identify as feminists often find themselves feeling isolated in the academy and longing for connection. Connection is emphasized in Relational Cultural Theory (RCT), a theory of human development that emphasizes the perspective that individuals grow in relationship with one another. The authors apply RCT to membership on the Council on the Role and Status of Women in Social Work Education (Women’s Council), within the Council on Social Work Education. This perspective has explanatory value and can be used to help plan for and facilitate beneficial mentoring experiences. Implications for research and for use in other contexts are considered.
RDA Made Simple: A Practical Guide to the New Cataloging Rules, by Amy Hart. Santa Barbara, CA: Libraries Unlimited, 2014. ix, 176 p. illus. ISBN 978-1-61069-485-8. $45.00.

Amy Hart's book has three stated goals: to be a bridge between the Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules, Second Edition (AACR2) and Resource Description and Access (RDA) for those who know the former; ...
Evaluation Factors of Changsha College Students' Medical Insurance Satisfaction——Based on an Empirical Study of 270 Questionnaires

College students' satisfaction of their medical insurance is an important factor to promote the healthy sustainable operation of the system. Based on the questionnaires in four universities in Changsha, this paper analyzes the factors which influence college students' satisfaction of this system by single factor analysis and building Logistic regression model. The results show that the publicity of the system, waiting time for medical care, reimbursement proportion and procedures and degree of releasing burden are the major factors. Therefore, universities are supposed to strengthen publicity, improve the effectiveness, shorten the waiting time for treatment, raise the reimbursement proportion and simplify the reimbursement procedures in order to improve the students' satisfaction.
Generation and Network

In Chapter 6, network effects and revenue reconciliation were ignored. Here network effects are introduced.
Keeping Track of Objects in a Visual Species

A pragmatic philosophy of the brain envisions cephalic systems as essential, a foraging set of systems in search of coherence and understanding. This orientation to inquiry bypasses rationalist or sense data empiricism as well as diatribes about foundations. What is emphasized is coherence and links to objects of reference. Diverse forms of appraisal systems have evolved to facilitate approach and avoidance behaviors and experiences and to appraise objects in the context of the organization of action (Gallistel, 1992) within diverse contexts of interaction with others (Jaspers, 1919). After all, cephalic capability at its most basic is about the consumption of glucose but also the endless array of information processing.
Bone loss after oophorectomy among high-risk women: An NRG oncology/gynecologic oncology group study

Objective Women undergoing premenopausal oophorectomy for a variety of reasons, including to reduce ovarian or breast cancer risk were evaluated for accelerated bone loss. Methods The Gynecologic Oncology Group (GOG)-0215 randomized phase-II trial of zoledronic acid was initiated to determine if postoophorectomy bisphosphonate therapy could prevent this bone loss. The study was closed after slow accrual prevented evaluation of the primary study endpoint. We analyzed changes in bone mineral density (BMD) among the 80 women randomized to the observation arm of this study, as measured 3, 9, and 18 months postenrollment. Results The mean change in BMD from baseline to 18 months was -0.09 (95% CI, -0.12 to -0.07), -0.05 (95% CI, -0.07 to -0.03), and -0.06 (95% CI, -0.07 to -0.05) g/cm across the lumbar spine, right hip, and left hip, respectively. This represents a BMD decrease of -8.5% for the lumbar spine and -5.7% for both the right and left hips from baseline to 18 months' observation. Conclusions These results demonstrate that premenopausal women undergoing oophorectomy clearly experience bone loss, an adverse effect of oophorectomy, which requires attention and active management. BMD should be monitored postoophorectomy, and treated per standard practice guidelines. Future studies will be required to determine if early treatment can mitigate fracture risk, and to test promising therapeutic interventions and novel prevention strategies, such as increased physical activity or alternative medications, in randomized trials.
Effect of the Keto Group on Yields and Composition of Organic Aerosol Formed from OH Radical-Initiated Reactions of Ketones in the Presence of NOx.

Yields of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) were measured for OH radical-initiated reactions of the 2- through 6-dodecanone positional isomers and also n-dodecane and n-tetradecane in the presence of NOx. Yields decreased in the order n-tetradecane > dodecanone isomer average > n-dodecane, and the dodecanone isomer yields decreased as the keto group moved toward the center of the molecule, with 6-dodecanone being an exception. Trends in the yields can be explained by the effect of carbon number and keto group presence and position on product vapor pressures, and by the isomer-specific effects of the keto group on branching ratios for keto alkoxy radical isomerization, decomposition, and reaction with O2. Most importantly, results indicate that isomerization of keto alkoxy radicals via 1,5- and 1,6-H shifts are significantly hindered by the presence of a keto group whereas decomposition is enhanced. Analysis of particle composition indicates that the SOA products are similar for all isomers, and that compare...
Detection of prostate cancer local recurrence following radical prostatectomy: assessment using a continuously acquired radial golden-angle compressed sensing acquisition

To compare image quality and diagnostic performance for detecting local recurrence (LR) of prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy (RP) between standard dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and a high spatiotemporal resolution, continuously acquired Golden-angle RAdial Sparse Parallel acquisition employing compressed sensing reconstruction (“GRASP”). A search was conducted for prostate MRI examinations performed in patients with PSA ≥0.2 ng/mL after RP in whom follow-up evaluation allowed classification as positive (≥50% PSA reduction after pelvic radiation or positive biopsy) or negative (<50% PSA reduction after pelvic radiation; spontaneous PSA normalization) for LR, yielding 13 patients with standard DCE (11 LR+) and 12 with GRASP (10 LR+). Standard DCE had voxel size 3.0 × 1.9 × 1.9 mm and temporal resolution 5.5 s. GRASP had voxel size 1.0 × 1.1 × 1.1 cm and was retrospectively reconstructed at 2.3 s resolution. Two radiologists evaluated DCE sequences for image quality measures (1–5 scale) and the presence of LR. GRASP achieved higher scores than standard DCE from both readers (p < 0.001–0.136) for anatomic clarity (R1: 4.4 ± 0.8 vs. 2.8 ± 0.67 R2: 4.8 ± 0.5 vs. 3.2 ± 0.6), sharpness (3.6 ± 0.9 vs. 2.5 ± 0.7; 4.6 ± 0.5 vs. 2.6 ± 0.5), confidence in interpretation (3.8 ± 0.8 vs. 3.1 ± 0.9; 3.8 ± 1.0 vs. 3.1 ± 1.2), and conspicuity of detected lesions (4.7 ± 0.5 vs. 3.8 ± 1.1; 4.5 ± 0.5 vs. 3.8 ± 1.0). For detecting LR, GRASP also achieved higher sensitivity (70% vs. 36%; 80% vs. 45%), specificity (R1 and R2: 100% vs. 50%), and accuracy (75% vs. 38%; 83% vs. 46%) for both readers. Although requiring larger studies, high spatiotemporal resolution GRASP achieved substantially better image quality and diagnostic performance than standard DCE for detecting LR in patients with elevated PSA after prostatectomy.
End-of-life care decisions in a pediatric respiratory unit

Background: Structured and appropriately timed approach to end-of-life care decision-making has become an important part of care in children with terminal illnesses. Despite its importance, many families and medical care teams face these issues fare to late. Objective: Our aim was to retrospectively evaluate end-of-life care decisions (EOLCD) made in children who died in a university hospital9s respiratory high dependency unit. Methods: Medical files of children who died in a 14-year period were analyzed for the relevant medical history and the EOLCD process. Results: 20 children out of 16.800 patients treated in the observed period, died. Mean age at death was 2.4 yrs, SD 6.7, 65% were girls. Respiratory arrest was the cause of death in 18, 2 died of cardiac arrest. All patients had underlying conditions (60% neurologic, 30% syndromatic and rare diseases, 10% pulmonary). Only one child had no advanced care plan and died following unsuccessful cardiopulmonary resuscitation. 15 patients had a structured EOLCD in 4 the agreements were not formalized. The shortest time of death after EOLCD was 1 day (median 3 days, range 1-708 days). Family members consented the advanced plan in all cases. Conclusions: End-of-life care decision-making was perused in almost all children with serious life limiting conditions. More attention for timely engagement in the process should be advocated.
Efficacy of Sivanto Against Green Peach Aphid on Green Cabbage, 2014

The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of Sivanto, applied alone and in mixture with other insecticides, against green peach aphid in cabbage under desert growing conditions. Cabbage “Gazzelle” was direct seeded into double row beds on 42-inch centers on 24 January 2014. Plots were two beds in width by 45 ft in length and bordered by two untreated beds. Stand establishment was achieved using overhead sprinkler irrigation and irrigated with furrow irrigation thereafter. Four …
Risk model for predicting complications in patients undergoing atrial fibrillation ablation.

Background Predictors of complications from atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation have been identified in small studies. The combination of risk factors to predict complications after ablation has not yet been explored. Objective The purpose of this study was to develop a risk score model that predicts complications after AF ablation. Methods The National Inpatient Sample database was used to identify 106,105 patients who underwent AF ablation. The study population was split into derivation cohort (DC; 2007–2010; n = 56,658) and validation cohort (VC; 2011–2013; n=49,447). The multivariate predictors of any complication were identified in DC using regression analysis, and a risk score model was developed. The cohorts were divided into 5 groups (risk score in parentheses): group 0 (0), group 1 (1–10), group 2 (11–20), group 3 (21–30), and group 4 (31–61). Results Patients in VC were older, likely to be white, female and had a higher prevalence of comorbidities. The overall complication rate (6.9% vs 8.3%; P P Conclusion A practical risk score model can be used preoperatively to risk stratify patients undergoing AF ablation.
Paradigm shift or normal science? The future of (biosocial) criminology:

For much of the history of criminology, tension has existed between sociologically oriented and biologically oriented perspectives. In recent years, a new, more nuanced approach has emerged which attempts to take both perspectives seriously and integrate them into a biosocial criminology. Yet, it remains, in large part, a fringe field of study. We argue that this is due, primarily, to critical as well as supportive scholars’ views that the ‘biosocial’ perspective represents a paradigm shift in the field of criminology. In this article, drawing on our work with the late Nicole Rafter, we present a case that rather than a paradigm shift, this biosocial turn simply represents a maturing field. In doing so, we describe the ways in which biosocial criminology examines crime and antisocial behavior as a biological and social phenomenon. At the same time, we also point out some cautions with respect to this body of work. We conclude with a vision of the future of (biosocial) criminology.
Heat-transfer augmentation techniques to improve seal life

This article looks at several heat-transfer augmentation technologies that have been developed at Louisiana State University's Center for Rotating Machinery. Aimed at reducing interfacial heat in mechanical seals, they include the design of seal rings with an internal heat exchanger, surface texturing techniques to improve heat transfer, and the design of a new generation of seals with a heat pipe.
Early Identification of Primary Hypothyroidism in Neonates Exposed to Intralymphatic Iodinated Contrast: A Case Series.

Context In neonates, iatrogenic hypothyroidism can result from topical or IV iodine exposure. Data on intralymphatic iodine exposure, risk factors for disease severity, and timing of hypothyroidism are limited. Case Descriptions We report 4 cases of premature neonates with previously normal thyroid function tests (TFTs) who developed hypothyroidism after intralymphatic iodinated contrast. Patients 1 and 2, premature infants with complex medical histories, had chylous effusions and high-volume chest tube output requiring imaging with lymphangiograms on day of life (DOL) 97 and DOL 43, respectively. They developed severe, primary hypothyroidism with TSH of 335.7 mIU/mL (reference range, 1.7 to 9.1) on DOL 111 and TSH of 470.2 mIU/mL (reference range, 1.7 to 9.1) on DOL 68. Patient 3 had prenatally diagnosed fetal hydrops manifesting with chylous effusions and high-volume chest tube output. The infant underwent lymphangiography on DOL 90 and was noted to have an elevated TSH of 13.35 mIU/mL (reference range, 1.7 to 9.1) 4 days later with spot urine iodine of 1742 µg/L (normal, <200). Patient 4 had a lymphatic malformation and underwent sclerotherapy with doxycycline with intralymphatic iodine exposure on DOL 4 and was found to have a TSH of 16.7 µU/mL (reference range, 1.7 to 9.1) 3 days later with spot urine iodine of 228,712 µg/L (normal, <200). The TFT results for all patients improved after levothyroxine administration. Conclusion Intralymphatic iodine should be considered a major risk factor in the development of iatrogenic primary hypothyroidism, especially in premature neonates soon after exposure. Close monitoring of TFTs is imperative to avoid potential long-term adverse outcomes in this population.
Acculturative stress and emotional eating in Latino adolescents.

Despite data that suggest Latino adolescents experience acculturative stress (i.e., feeling overwhelmed by conflicting cultural practices, language problems, and ethnic self-consciousness) and endorse elevated levels of emotional eating, there has been an absence of research examining the relations between acculturative stress and emotional eating in this population. The purpose of the present study was to (1) examine the associations between acculturative stress, emotional eating, and change in BMIz scores in Latino adolescents over a 3-month period, and (2) compare Latino and non-Latino adolescents on measures of acculturative stress, emotional eating, and body mass index (BMI). The sample comprised 168 Latino (mean age 13.69 years; SD 0.88) and 278 non-Latino (mean age 13.68 years; SD 0.79) middle and high school students. Participants completed the Emotional Eating Scale for Children and Adolescents (EES-C), the Social, Attitudinal, Familial, and Environmental Acculturative Stress Scale for Children (SAFE-C), and a demographic questionnaire. Participants had their height and weight measured after completing the questionnaires and at a second-time point, approximately 3 months after time 1 measurements. Independent samples t tests and Cohen’s d effect sizes were used to investigate whether there were differences between Latino adolescents and non-Latino adolescents. Pearson correlations were computed to examine associations between acculturative stress, emotional eating, and change in BMIz scores in the Latino sample. Latino adolescents endorsed significantly higher acculturative stress on the SAFE-C compared to non-Latino adolescents (Latino mean 30.81; non-Latino mean 25.64; p < 0.001; Cohen’s d effect size = 0.35). In the Latino sample, acculturative stress was associated with higher levels of emotional eating. Latino and non-Latino adolescents endorsed similar levels of emotional eating. The present findings provide preliminary evidence that acculturative stress may serve as a risk factor for emotional eating among Latino adolescents. Future obesity prevention and intervention programs developed for Latino adolescents may benefit from addressing acculturative stress, particularly among more recent Latino immigrants. Level 3, case-control analytic study.
Abstract 242: Sexual Dimorphic Effects of Serum Amyloid A3 in Atherosclerosis in Mice

Introduction: The acute-phase protein serum amyloid A (SAA) exists as 4 different subtypes in mice. Levels of the SAA3 subtype increase in response to acute inflammatory stimuli, and its expression...
Prospective clinical trial of robotic sentinel lymph node assessment with isosulfane blue (ISB) and indocyanine green (ICG) in endometrial cancer and the impact of ultrastaging (NCT01818739).

Abstract Objectives To assess the performance sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy and effect of ultrastaging in clinically early stage endometrial cancer. Methods Patients with endometrial cancer prospectively enrolled after informed consent was obtained. The cervix was injected superficially with 1 mL of ISB and 1 mL of ICG (diluted 1:25) at 3 and 9 o'clock each. SLN biopsy was followed by complete pelvic lymphadenectomy (aortic lymphadenectomy at the discretion of the surgeon). Lymph nodes (LNs) were analyzed by standard sectioning with HE ultrastaging of SLN was done retrospectively and blinded to treating physicians. Results 204 patients received dye injections. In 184 (90.2%) patients at least one SLN was identified. Of all patients, 138 (68%) had bilateral mapping. In the patients with successful mapping of a hemipelvis, ICG detected SLNs in 83% and ISB in 64% of cases (p Conclusions SLN assessment in endometrial cancer is feasible and safe with high NPV (99%). ICG was more effective in detecting SLN compared to ISB. Although ultrastaging detected additional positive LNs, treatment based on standard sectioning appears reasonable but further research is needed.
A note on coding and standardization of categorical variables in (sparse) group lasso regression

Abstract Categorical regressor variables are usually handled by introducing a set of indicator variables, and imposing a linear constraint to ensure identifiability in the presence of an intercept, or equivalently, using one of various coding schemes. As proposed in Yuan and Lin (2006), the group lasso is a natural and computationally convenient approach to perform variable selection in settings with categorical covariates. As pointed out by Simon and Tibshirani (2012), “standardization” by means of block-wise orthonormalization of column submatrices each corresponding to one group of variables can substantially boost performance. In this note, we study the aspect of standardization for the special case of categorical predictors in detail. The main result is that orthonormalization is not required; column-wise scaling of the design matrix followed by re-scaling and centering of the coefficients is shown to have exactly the same effect. Similar reductions can be achieved in the case of interactions. The extension to the so-called sparse group lasso, which additionally promotes within-group sparsity, is considered as well. The importance of proper standardization is illustrated via simulations and a case study.
Excellence in Patient Education: Evidence-Based Education that “Sticks” and Improves Patient Outcomes

The patient education process has 4 equal components to be addressed by the nurse: assessment, planning, implement, and evaluation. Excellent patient education is an "art" and "science" using nuances and evidence-based strategies to effectively educate. The assessment and evaluation components often use nuanced approaches (motivational interviewing, teach back) to engage the patient/caregiver respectfully, whereas planning and implementation rely more on evidence-based strategies such as the Patient Education Assessment of Materials. Nurses should provide education that is simple, patient centered, and multimodal to meet the health literacy needs of patients/caregivers.
Effect of Mitomycin C on Recurrence of Ganglion Cysts in the Foot and Ankle.

Abstract Ganglion cysts are among the most common benign soft tissue masses. Although surgery has been shown to be effective, ∼12% to 42% of cases with long-term follow-up have been reported to recur. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of the topical application of mitomycin C used as an adjuvant to surgery on recurrence rate of ganglion cysts. A retrospective analysis was done on all patients surgically treated by 1 surgeon for ganglion cysts. The primary end point was local recurrence after the procedure, determined clinically and by ultrasound. Secondary outcomes included wound complication rate, adverse effects, and overall patient satisfaction. A total of 98 consecutive patients were included in this study and assigned to a study group in a nonrandomized manner. The control group (n = 52) consisted of patients who underwent surgical resection only. The study group (n = 46) consisted of patients who underwent surgical resection with application of topical mitomycin C. No patients were lost to follow-up. Of the 52 patients in the control group, 13 (25.0%) had recurrence of the ganglion cyst. In contrast, in the experimental study group, 2 patients (4.3%) had a recurrence. There was no difference in superficial wound infections between the 2 groups. In this study, we found that the use of topical mitomycin C as an adjuvant to surgical resection significantly reduced the recurrence rate. Wound infection and overall nonrecurrence complication rates were similar to those of other studies.
Tracking and Improving Strategy Adaptivity in a Complex Task

Strategies are a major component of increasing expertise and performance in complex tasks. High performers often have better strategies than low performers even with similar practice. Relatively little research has examined how people form and modify strategies in tasks that permit a large set of possible strategies. One challenge with such research is determining strategies based on behavior. We have developed an algorithm that accurately identifies the strategies that people employ in a complex decision-making task based on task behavior. In this paper, we report different methods to identify strategies that human participants are using in a complex decision-making task and document the efficacy of our methods. Participants have difficulty applying strategies consistently and thereby fail to gain useful performance-related feedback about the strategy’s effectiveness. A further challenge is to identify the optimal strategy to use as the properties of the task change over time. We refer to these challenges as strategy consistency and strategy adaptivity. These analyses have led to the construction of a strategy coaching module that enhances the task interface to support consistent application of a strategy and identification of suboptimal strategies. We report initial data on the effectiveness of this strategy coaching module.
The challenges of detecting and attributing ocean acidification impacts on marine ecosystems

A substantial body of research now exists demonstrating sensitivities of marine organisms to ocean acidification (OA) in laboratory settings. However, corresponding in situ observations of marine species or ecosystem changes that can be unequivocally attributed to anthropogenic OA are limited. Challenges remain in detecting and attributing OA effects in nature, in part because multiple environmental changes are co-occurring with OA, all of which have the potential to influence marine ecosystem responses. Furthermore, the change in ocean pH since the industrial revolution is small relative to the natural variability within many systems, making it difficult to detect, and in some cases, has yet to cross physiological thresholds. The small number of studies that clearly document OA impacts in nature cannot be interpreted as a lack of larger-scale attributable impacts at the present time or in the future but highlights the need for innovative research approaches and analyses. We summarize the general findings in four relatively well-studied marine groups (seagrasses, pteropods, oysters, and coral reefs) and integrate overarching themes to highlight the challenges involved in detecting and attributing the effects of OA in natural environments. We then discuss four potential strategies to better evaluate and attribute OA impacts on species and ecosystems. First, we highlight the need for work quantifying the anthropogenic input of CO2 in coastal and open-ocean waters to understand how this increase in CO2 interacts with other physical and chemical factors to drive organismal conditions. Second, understanding OA-induced changes in population-level demography, potentially increased sensitivities in certain life stages, and how these effects scale to ecosystem-level processes (e.g. community metabolism) will improve our ability to attribute impacts to OA among co-varying parameters. Third, there is a great need to understand the potential modulation of OA impacts through the interplay of ecology and evolution (eco–evo dynamics). Lastly, further research efforts designed to detect, quantify, and project the effects of OA on marine organisms and ecosystems utilizing a comparative approach with long-term data sets will also provide critical information for informing the management of marine ecosystems.
Piezo1 plays a role in optic nerve head astrocyte reactivity.

Abstract Piezo1 (also known as Fam38A) is a mechanosensing channel required for mechanotransduction in various cell types. In astrocytes, Piezo1 activation is associated with the pathogenesis of central nervous system neurodegeneration. Expression of Piezo1 has been detected in mouse optic nerve head astrocytes, however, the functional role of Piezo1 has not been identified. In this study, we investigated the role of Piezo1 in optic nerve head astrocyte reactivity. Primary mouse optic nerve head astrocytes were cultured and subjected to mechanical stretch. The expression level of Piezo1 was determined by quantitative PCR and immunocytochemistry staining. Astrocytes were further treated with Yoda1, a specific Piezo1 agonist. The intracellular calcium concentration and expression of F-actin and fibronectin were determined in Yoda1 treated cells. We found that mechanical stretch activated Piezo1 in optic nerve head astrocytes. Yoda1 induced robust Ca2+ responses in a dose dependent manner. In addition, Yoda1 treated cells showed a redistribution of F-actin cytoskeleton and an increased expression of fibronectin which indicated astrocyte reactivity. Our results suggest that Piezo1 responses to mechanical stimulation and plays a role in astrocyte reactivity. This study provides new insights into optic nerve head astrocyte mechanotransduction.
Multi-ancestry Multivariate Genome-Wide Analysis Highlights the Role of Common Genetic Variation in Cardiac Structure, Function, and Heart Failure-related Traits

Heart failure (HF) is a leading cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, yet the contribution of common genetic variation to HF risk has not been fully elucidated, particularly in comparison to other common cardiometabolic traits. We conducted a multi-ancestry genome-wide association study (GWAS) meta-analysis of all-cause HF including up to 56,722 HF cases and 1,133,054 controls, identifying 4 novel loci. We then performed a multi-ancestry multivariate association study of HF and related cardiac imaging endophenotypes, identifying 71 conditionally-independent variants, including 16 novel loci. Secondary colocalization and transcriptome-wide association analyses identified known and novel candidate cardiomyopathy genes, which were validated in gene-expression profiling of failing and healthy human hearts. Colocalization, gene expression profiling, and Mendelian randomization provided convergent evidence for the roles of BCKDHA and circulating branch-chain amino acids in heart failure and cardiac structure. Finally, proteome-wide Mendelian randomization revealed 11 circulating proteins associated with HF or quantitative imaging traits. These analyses highlight similarities and differences among heart failure and associated cardiovascular imaging endophenotypes, implicate novel common genetic variation in the pathogenesis of HF, and identify circulating proteins that may represent novel cardiomyopathy treatment targets.
E-Cannula reveals anatomical diversity in sharp-wave ripples as a driver for the recruitment of distinct hippocampal assemblies

The hippocampus plays a critical role in spatial navigation and episodic memory. However, research on in vivo hippocampal activity dynamics has mostly relied on single modalities such as electrical recordings or optical imaging, with respectively limited spatial and temporal resolution. This technical difficulty greatly impedes multi-level investigations into network state-related changes in cellular activity. To overcome these limitations, we developed the E-Cannula integrating fully transparent graphene microelectrodes with imaging-cannula. The E-Cannula enables the simultaneous electrical recording and two-photon calcium imaging from the exact same population of neurons across an anatomically extended region of the mouse hippocampal CA1 stably across several days. These large-scale simultaneous optical and electrical recordings showed that local hippocampal sharp wave ripples (SWRs) are associated with synchronous calcium events involving large neural populations in CA1. We show that SWRs exhibit spatiotemporal wave patterns along multiple axes in 2D space with different spatial extents (local or global) and temporal propagation modes (stationary or travelling). Notably, distinct SWR wave patterns were associated with, and decoded from, the selective recruitment of orthogonal CA1 cell assemblies. These results suggest that the diversity in the anatomical progression of SWRs may serve as a mechanism for the selective activation of the unique hippocampal cell assemblies extensively implicated in the encoding of distinct memories. Through these results we demonstrate the utility of the E-Cannula as a versatile neurotechnology with the potential for future integration with other optical components such as green lenses, fibers or prisms enabling the multi-modal investigation of cross-time scale population-level neural dynamics across brain regions.
Motion sensor use for physical activity data: Methodological considerations

Background: Physical inactivity continues to be a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, and only one half of adults in the United States meet physical activity (PA) goals. PA data are often collected for surveillance or for measuring change after an intervention. One of the challenges in PA research is quantifying exactly how much and what type of PA is taking place—especially because self-report instruments have inconsistent validity. Objective: The purpose is to review the elements to consider when collecting PA data via motion sensors, including the difference between PA and exercise, type of data to collect, choosing the device, length of time to monitor PA, instructions to the participants, and interpretation of the data. Methods: The current literature on motion sensor research was reviewed and synthesized to summarize relevant considerations when using a motion sensor to collect PA data. Results: Exercise is a division of PA that is structured, planned, and repetitive. Pedometer data include steps taken and calculated distance and energy expenditure. Accelerometer data include activity counts and intensity. The device chosen depends on desired data, cost, validity, and ease of use. Reactivity to the device may influence the duration of data collection. Instructions to participants may vary depending on the purpose of the study. Experts suggest pedometer data be reported as steps—because that is the direct output—and distance traveled and energy expenditure are estimated values. Accelerometer count data may be analyzed to provide information on time spent in moderate or vigorous activity. Discussion: Thoughtful decision making about PA data collection using motion sensor devices is needed to advance nursing science.