cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An Evaluation of Western Bean Cutworm Pheromone Trapping Techniques (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in a Corn and Soybean Agroecosystem

Pheromone traps can be used to monitor for adult western bean cutworms, Striacosta albicosta (Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), and for the timing of field scouting. Understanding the effect that different trapping techniques have on adult captures could help corn (Zea mays L.) producers make better pest management decisions. Several approaches to trapping adults were evaluated in 2005 and 2006 by using two different pheromone traps (sticky wing and jug traps) in two different environments (corn or corn/soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] at three different heights (0.6, 1.2, and 1.8 m). There was no significant difference in the trap catches by trap type in either 2005 or 2006. There were significantly more adults captured in traps placed between two cornfields than traps placed between corn/soybean fields during both years. Trap height also was significant, with the traps at 1.2 and 1.8 m catching more moths than traps at 0.6 m during both years. These results show that trapping techniques do affect trap catches and that either trap type placed between two cornfields at either 1.2 or 1.8 m above the ground will maximize trap catches.
Improved particle scavenging by a combination of ultrasonics and water sprays

The results of an experimental study are presented where an ultrasonic field was used to increase the scavenging of micron-scale particles by water sprays. Specifically, an ultrasonic standing wave field was set up between an ultrasonic transducer and a reflector, creating multiple pressure nodes. These nodes are locations where drops collect into what we call accretion disks. Significant increases in the scavenging coefficient were observed when these accretions disks were present. Experiments conducted in the presence of an ultrasonic standing wave field and a water spray yielded scavenging coefficients as large as 140% of those which were obtained using a spray alone. Also, experiments conducted with the ultrasonic field present, but detuned so that accretion disks did not form, showed no significant improvement over the case without ultrasonics at all. The scavenging coefficients are presented as a function of particle diameter and water flow rate.
Treatment of Advanced Head and Neck Cancer: What Lessons Have We Learned?

Treatment of advanced squamous cell cancers of the head and neck (HNSCC) can be a frustrating endeavor. Early diagnosis may be missed by delay on the part of patients or their physicians and dentists. Patients are often elderly and have multiple medical or social comorbidities. HNSCC is an interdisciplinary disease, with optimum management requiring the input of the medical, radiation, and surgical oncologist, as well as pathologist, dentist, speech pathologist, social worker, and a dedicated home caregiver. The necessary specialists for optimum management may not be present near the patient’s home, necessitating ad hoc clinical teams or further delay and dislocation of the patient and caregiver for an extended treatment period. Numerous phase II and phase III studies have been performed with the hope of improving survival and preserving organ function in locally advanced disease. We now know that survival is improved by radiation administered concurrent with chemotherapy, but there are added toxicities. 1 We also know that radiation with chemotherapy can result in survival that approximates the survival obtained by radical surgery followed by radiation therapy, especially if surgical salvage is performed at early signs of residual or recurrent disease. 2,3 We know less about what the optimal radiation regimen or chemotherapy regimen should be for an individual patient. Currently, standard therapy for locally advanced HNSCC could be radiation administered daily, twice daily, or in a concomitant boost regimen, with or without intensity-modulated radiation therapy, together with a platinum-based chemotherapy. When complete response is obtained, a planned neck dissection is often performed in those patients whose disease was at least N2 at presentation. If complete response is not obtained, resection of the primary and/or regional nodes is performed as is feasible. Standard care could also be surgery, followed by radiation therapy with or without concurrent chemotherapy. These modalities generally result in a 5-year survival rate of 20% to 65%, depending on stage and primary site. The choice of treatment is often dictated by the primary site, patient preferences (eg, organ preservation), and the experience of the treatment team.
Layout Technique for Single-Event Transient Mitigation via Pulse Quenching

A layout technique that exploits single-event transient pulse quenching to mitigate transients in combinational logic is presented. TCAD simulations show as much as 60% reduction in sensitive area and 70% reduction in pulse width for some logic cells.
Implementing contact tasks involving position uncertainty with impedance controlled robots

This paper discusses a high bandwidth, six degree of freedom impedance controller for a Puma 562 robot which is used to perform contact tasks. We focus on how impedance control can be exploited to perform contact tasks with rigid objects in the presence of positioning uncertainty. Our work has shown that the permissible deviation between the nominal and actual trajectory in performing these tasks is significantly greater with impedance control. By using impedance control in such cases, the interface forces between the manipulator and its environment are kept well within acceptable levels. Selection of appropriate impedance elements and nominal trajectory generation are discussed. Based on a knowledge of the task, we define constrained and unconstrained subspaces and select the robot impedance to complement the environment along these axis. Our work has concentrated on tasks associated with workpiece and tool manipulation at a machining center using a robot mounted on a wheeled mobile platform which moves from workcell to workcell. Experimental results for turning a kinematically constrained crank are described.
Auditory Brainstem Responses in Cats with Chediak-Higashi Syndrome

Auditory brainstem responses ABRs were recorded in cats with Chediak-Higashi syndrome using monaural stimulation. The components appearing between 1 and 3 ms after stimulus onset were greatly attenuated in the ABRs recorded using a reference contralateral to the stimulated ear. These data suggest that abnormalities exist in the brainstem auditory pathway in the region of the superior olivary complex in cats with Chediak-Higashi syndrome.
Aflatoxin-Impaired Ability to Accumulate Oxycarotenoid Pigments During Restoration in Young Chickens

Abstract The mechanism by which aflatoxin causes paling in chickens was investigated by measuring its effect on the restoration of pigments in 3-wk-old birds made pale by feeding a white corn-soy diet. Pigment restoration was accomplished by feeding the same diet supplemented with lutein (70 μg/g of diet), which is the major oxycarotenoid pigment in chicken diets and tissues. The oxycarotenoids (free, monoester, and diester forms of lutein) in the toe web, liver, serum, and jejunal mucosa of control and aflatoxin-fed (2 μg/g of diet) birds were measured by HPLC at 0, 1, 2, 3, 6, and 9 days of repletion. Aflatoxin caused a significant (P
XIDR: A Dynamic Framework Utilizing Cross-Layer Intrusion Detection for Effective Response Deployment

We present a complete intrusion detection and response framework named XIDR (Cross-layer Intrusion Detection and Response), which utilizes multi-source intrusion detection systems to enable cross-layer intrusion detection and cross-layer automated intrusion response system to deploy cost-effective and efficient preemptive responses. In this paper, we define the notion of cross-layer design which integrates features from various layers for detecting intrusions in wired environment, enables more fine grained detection technique and also helps us to reduce false positive and false negative rate. Moreover, cross-layer based approach for selecting and deploying response will help to deploy responses at various layers in the network. This approach will mitigate the impact of sophisticated attacks in the most efficient manner. The response selection will be preemptive as well as adaptive to the ongoing intrusion.
Incremental Markov-model planning

This paper presents an approach to building plans using partially observable Markov decision processes. The approach begins with a base solution that assumes full observability. The partially observable solution is incrementally constructed by considering increasing amounts of information from observations. The base solution directs the expansion of the plan by providing an evaluation function for the search fringe. We show that incremental observation moves from the base solution towards the complete solution, allowing the planner to model the uncertainty about action outcomes and observations that are present in real domains.
Timing factors in the coordination of speech movements

Speech movement coordination involves substantial timing adjustments among multiple degrees of muscles and movement freedom. The present investigation examined the kinematic and muscle timing adjustments associated with the production of select speech movements. For oral closing movements, the timing of the upper lip, lower lip, and jaw peak velocities were found to be tightly coupled, apparently reflecting a coordinative strategy. In contrast, oral opening movements demonstrated reduced temporal coupling and inconsistent sequencing across subjects. Overall, it appears that the temporal organization of speech movements varies with the specific movement goals. In order to evaluate the coordinative patterns for oral closing in detail, the temporal adjustments of multiple perioral muscles associated with the systematic closing peak velocity relations were examined. The relative timing of muscle onsets and peak EMG amplitudes was found to be predictably related to the peak velocity timing variations, suggesting that the motor commands are temporally scaled to generate changes in speaking conditions. It was also found that the mechanical properties of the speech articulators influence movement coordination and can be exploited to maximize movement efficiency. The systematic change in muscle timing characteristics for all synergistic muscles apparently reduces the degrees of freedom to control, thereby facilitating the coordination process.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Vpr Induces the Degradation of the UNG and SMUG Uracil-DNA Glycosylases

The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) accessory protein Vpr has previously been shown to bind to the cellular uracil DNA glycosylase UNG. We show here that the binding of Vpr to UNG and to the related enzyme SMUG induces their proteasomal degradation. UNG and SMUG were found to be encapsidated in Δvpr HIV-1 virions but were significantly less abundant in vpr+ virions. Δvpr virions contained readily detectable uracil-DNA glycosylase enzymatic activity, while the activity was reduced to undetectable levels in vpr+ virions. Consistent with proteasomal degradation, complexes that contained Vpr and the E3 ubiquitin ligase components Cul1 and Cul4 were detected in cell lysates. We hypothesized that the interaction of Vpr might be a means for the virus to reduce the frequency of abasic sites in viral reverse transcripts at uracil residues caused by APOBEC3-catalyzed deamination of cytosine residues. Although APOBEC3 is largely neutralized by the Vif accessory protein, residual enzyme could remain in virions that would generate uracils. In support of this, Δvif vpr+ HIV-1 produced in the presence of limited amounts of APOBEC3G was significantly more infectious than Δvif Δvpr virus. In Addition, vpr+ HIV-1 replicated more efficiently than vpr− virus in cells that expressed limited amounts of APOBEC3G. The findings highlight the importance of cytidine deamination in the virus replication cycle and present a novel function for Vpr.
Sonic crystal composites for selective noise reduction

Commercially available sound absorbing materials attenuate sound over a broad frequency band. We are fabricating and characterizing geometrically compact composites called sonic crystals for shielding against noise generally limited to a particular frequency band. These sonic crystals have periodic arrays of macroscopic acoustic scatterers arranged in a pattern analogous to a single crystal lattice in a host matrix material. Most of the work done on sonic crystals so far has been using rod scatterers arranged in a 2-D lattice in air. Such sonic crystals have very little use as a noise reducing composites material for structures. Instead, we fabricated sonic crystals using solid metal spheres, or hollow metal beads arranged in a lattice pattern and embedded in an unsaturated polyester resin matrix. We demonstrate that in these composites, the sound transmission coefficient for certain frequencies drops abruptly, giving rise to frequency band gaps. In order to measure acoustic band gaps in these damping materials, an audio loudspeaker directs broadband sound at the specimen placed in a reflectionless acoustic enclosure. The transmitted sound is measured by a wide band microphone; fast Fourier transformed and normalized to obtain transmission coefficient spectra. Data was obtained, for example, on a sonic crystal made of 0.125-inch diameter metallic beads in a simple cubic lattice (13/spl times/13/spl times/13 array, with spacing of 0.16 inch between the beads) and cast in an unsaturated polyester resin matrix. We measured a band gap of /spl sim/3.8 kHz located at /spl sim/3.6 kHz where the drop in the transmission coefficient was /spl sim/11 dB. The reduction in transmission coefficient in the band gaps depends upon the material properties of scatterers and host, fill ratio and lattice configuration. We will present detailed results for acoustic band gaps in the propagation of sound waves through several macroscopic sonic crystal composites with various types of scatterers arranged in three dimensions and explore their industrial uses for noise reduction.
Variation in aluminum, iron, and particle concentrations in oxic groundwater samples collected by use of tangential-flow ultrafiltration with low-flow sampling

Particulates that move with ground water and those that are artificially mobilized during well purging could be incorporated into water samples during collection and could cause trace-element concentrations to vary in unfiltered samples, and possibly in filtered samples (typically 0.45-um (micron) pore size) as well, depending on the particle-size fractions present. Therefore, measured concentrations may not be representative of those in the aquifer. Ground water may contain particles of various sizes and shapes that are broadly classified as colloids, which do not settle from water, and particulates, which do. In order to investigate variations in trace-element concentrations in ground-water samples as a function of particle concentrations and particle-size fractions, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Air Force, collected samples from five wells completed in the unconfined, oxic Kirkwood-Cohansey aquifer system of the New Jersey Coastal Plain. Samples were collected by purging with a portable pump at low flow (0.2-0.5 liters per minute and minimal drawdown, ideally less than 0.5 foot). Unfiltered samples were collected in the following sequence: (1) within the first few minutes of pumping, (2) after initial turbidity declined and about one to two casing volumes of water had been purged, and (3) after turbidity values had stabilized at less than 1 to 5 Nephelometric Turbidity Units. Filtered samples were split concurrently through (1) a 0.45-um pore size capsule filter, (2) a 0.45-um pore size capsule filter and a 0.0029-um pore size tangential-flow filter in sequence, and (3), in selected cases, a 0.45-um and a 0.05-um pore size capsule filter in sequence. Filtered samples were collected concurrently with the unfiltered sample that was collected when turbidity values stabilized. Quality-assurance samples consisted of sequential duplicates (about 25 percent) and equipment blanks. Concentrations of particles were determined by light scattering.
A Copula Based Approach for Design of Multivariate Random Forests for Drug Sensitivity Prediction

Modeling sensitivity to drugs based on genetic characterizations is a significant challenge in the area of systems medicine. Ensemble based approaches such as Random Forests have been shown to perform well in both individual sensitivity prediction studies and team science based prediction challenges. However, Random Forests generate a deterministic predictive model for each drug based on the genetic characterization of the cell lines and ignores the relationship between different drug sensitivities during model generation. This application motivates the need for generation of multivariate ensemble learning techniques that can increase prediction accuracy and improve variable importance ranking by incorporating the relationships between different output responses. In this article, we propose a novel cost criterion that captures the dissimilarity in the output response structure between the training data and node samples as the difference in the two empirical copulas. We illustrate that copulas are suitable for capturing the multivariate structure of output responses independent of the marginal distributions and the copula based multivariate random forest framework can provide higher accuracy prediction and improved variable selection. The proposed framework has been validated on genomics of drug sensitivity for cancer and cancer cell line encyclopedia database.
Plasma DNA: A molecular marker for the pattern of dissemination of esophageal cancer

21015 Background: We previously showed that free DNA is present in blood of normal subjects and that the plasma DNA level is higher in patients with esophageal cancer compared to normal subjects. T...
A face tracking system for dynamic event recognition: application to continuous recognition of non-manual markers of american sign language and to deception detection by kinesic analysis

Face tracking has numerous applications in the field of Human Computer Interaction and behavior understanding in general. Yet, face tracking is a difficult problem because the tracker must generalize to new faces, adapt to changing illumination, keep up with fast motions and pose changes, and tolerate target occlusion. We first present our efforts to develop a system for probabilistic face tracking, using anthropometric and appearance constraints. We then move onto the focus of our work, which is the application of the face tracker to two interesting recognition problems. Firstly, given that sign language is used as a primary means of communication by deaf individuals and as augmentative communication by hearing individuals with a variety of disabilities, the development of robust, real-time sign language recognition technologies would be a major step forward in making computers equally accessible to everyone. However, most research in the field of sign language recognition has focused on the manual component of signs, despite the fact that there is critical grammatical information expressed through facial expressions and head gestures. Therefore, we present our novel framework for robust tracking and analysis of facial expressions and ii head gestures, by means of a dynamic feature descriptor, a 3D face model and temporal models, with an application to sign language recognition. We apply it to successful continuous recognition of six different classes of non-manual grammatical expressions. Secondly, deception is present in our everyday social and professional lives and its detection can be beneficial, not only to us individually but to our society as a whole. For example, accurate deception detection can aid law enforcement officers in solving a crime. It can also help border control agents to detect potentially dangerous individuals during routine screening interviews. Therefore, we also present two novel methods for deception detection, using only visual cues extracted from our face tracker and a skin blob tracker, both with promising results. One is based on a novel kernel density descriptor of human behavior, which can differentiate normal behavior profiles from over-controlled and agitated ones, using nearest neighbor search. The other is based on the notion of subject-interviewer synchrony.
Equations of Motion for an Inextensible Beam Undergoing Large Deflections

The Euler–Lagrange equations and the associated boundary conditions have been derived for an inextensible beam undergoing large deflections. The inextensibility constraint between axial and transverse deflection is considered via two alternative approaches based upon Hamilton's principle, which have been proved to yield equivalent results. In one approach, the constraint has been appended to the system Lagrangian via a Lagrange multiplier, while in the other approach the axial deflection has been expressed in terms of the transverse deflection, and the equation of motion for the transverse deflection has been determined directly. Boundary conditions for a cantilevered beam and a free–free beam have been considered and allow for explicit results for each system's equations of motion. Finally, the Lagrange multiplier approach has been extended to equations of motion of cantilevered and free–free plates.
Halogenated Materials as Organic Semiconductors

Organic semiconductors have great potential as the active material in low-cost, large area plastic electronics, whether as light-emitting diodes (LEDs), field-effect transistors (FETs) or solar cells. Organic semiconducting materials retain the processability associated with polymers while maintaining good optoelectronic properties, for example, high absorption coefficients for photons in the visible, and field-effect mobilities comparable with that of amorphous silicon. The elucidation of important structure−property relationships is vital for the design of functional, high-performance organic semiconductors. In this short review, we summarize such relationships stemming from the halogenation of organic semiconductors. While it has been known in the past decade that fluorination lowers the energy levels in carbon based systems, induces stability and electron transport, less is known about the effect of the other halogens. Chlorination has recently been shown to be a viable route to n-type materials. The ...
Size of the Industrial Market

PROFESSOR FREDERICK'S presentation of the data presumed to measure the magnitude of the industrial market during the year 1935 is both interesting and instructive. He deserves special commendation for his attempt to correlate facts from two different sources based on separate and totally different inquiries. There is urgent need for more of this type of work. On the score of the detailed analysis made by Professor Frederick there can be no special criticism. He has brought together for us some pertinent data from two different studies of the Bureau of the Census, which, together, throw needed light on the composition of the industrial market from the standpoint of (I) lines of merchandise and (2) types of marketing organizations engaged in industrial marketing. But, in my opinion, these data do not exactly measure the magnitude of the industrial market. It seems to me that the industrial market can be measured in two ways, depending upon the objective sought. One method is to ascertain the proportion of all goods marketed that is destined for industrial consumption. Table I shows that in I935 the value of all goods marketed was $53,627,770,000. These goods came from factories, farms, mines, quarries, oil wells, forests, fisheries, hunting and trapping, and in the form of imports from abroad. The amounts contributed by each source are shown in that table, and the values are f.o.b. point of production or import and hence include no margins for marketing agencies nor the full costs of transporting the goods in the process of marketing. (see Table I) Table II shows the propbrtion of these goods absorbed by industrial consumers. The method of computing the percentage of manufactured goods intended for industrial use is identical with that used by the author and Dr. N. H. Engle for the construction of the flow chart appearing in Volume II, Wholesale Distribution, covering wholesale census data for 1929, except that 1935 statistics were used for purposes of Table II.
Performance as a function of payment, commitment, and task interest

The present study analyzes dissonance and incentive responses to being under-or overpaid for performance. A U-shaped curve of performance as a function of amount of payment was hypothesized. It was also hypothesized that Ss who commit themselves to the importance of a task perform better than those who do not, and that they are more affected by both underpayment and overpayment conditions than uncommitted Ss. For the first and third hypotheses, trends were in the expected direction; the second hypothesis received clear support.
Reversed Intestinal Segment Revisited

Abstract Background Reversed segments (RS) designed to slow intestinal transit and improve absorption in patients with short bowel syndrome (SBS) are performed infrequently, and patient selection remains controversial. Our aim was to evaluate patient selection and outcome for RS in SBS patients. Methods Sixteen adult patients underwent RS among 520 SBS patients. All patients had remnant length >80 cm and rapid intestinal transit. Ten patients had a colon remnant and 12 had an ostomy. SBS was present for 8 to 150 months prior to RS. Results RS was performed either alone (n = 9) or concurrently with ostomy closure (n = 5) or creation (n = 2). There were 3 postoperative complications and no deaths. Three patients had bacterial overgrowth. One required repair of an ileocolonic stricture. Two reversed segments were taken down 12 months and 96 months later. Two patients subsequently underwent serial transverse enteroplasty (STEP) procedures, and 1 had isolated intestinal transplant. Fourteen (88%) required parenteral nutrition (PN) pre-operatively and 2 (12%) had intractable diarrhea. Nine (56%) patients improved and 7 (44%) remained on PN or had persistent intractable diarrhea. Patients with a successful outcome were similar to those without improvement with respect to ostomy takedown, duration of SBS, Crohn's disease, intestinal length, a colon remnant, anatomy, and transit time. Conclusions Reversed segments significantly benefit one half of selected SBS patients who have rapid transit but adequate remnant length. Outcome in individual patients remains difficult to predict. Subsequent operation is frequently required. This procedure is applicable to a small proportion of SBS patients.
Analysis of change of population iodine nutrition in Changzhou after adjustment of salt iodine content

Objective To understand the change of population iodine nutrition after adjustment of salt iodine content in Changzhou city, and to develop targeted prevention measures for iodine deficiency disorders. Methods The results of population iodine nutrition were compared between 2011(before adjustment) and 2013(after adjustment), including goiter among school-age children, the iodine concentration in urine and iodine content in salt among children and childbearing-age women. Results The average salt iodine content decreased from 31.07 mg/kg to 24.87 mg/kg after adjustment of salt iodine content. The proportion of salt iodine content between 18 mg/kg and 33 mg/kg were 72.5% and 94.9% respectively in 2011 and 2013. In 2011 and 2013, no goiter was found among children. Before and after salt iodine content adjustment, the median urinary iodine in school-age children decreased from 244.8 μg/l to 198.31 μg/l, and urinary iodine value between 100 μg/l and 199 μg/l accounted for 29% and 42.7%respectively. The median urinary iodine in childbearing-age women decreased from 220.8 μg/l to 180.12 μg/l, and the proportion of urine iodine content between 100 μg/l and 199 μg/l were 31% and 50% respectively. Salt iodine decreased by 1 mg/kg, urinary iodine of children, pregnant women and breastfeeding women dropped by 7.50 μg/l, 4.87 μg/l and 12.90 μg/l respectively.Conclusion After adjustment of salt iodine content, urinary iodine decreases among children and women in Changzhou city, and is gradually close to the appropriate level. It is suggested that the monitoring of population iodine nutrition should be strengthened.
Does the social environment moderate associations of the built environment with Latinas’ objectively-measured neighborhood outdoor physical activity?

Favorable perceptions of the built and social neighborhood environment may promote outdoor physical activity (PA). However, little is known about their independent and interactive effects on neighborhood-specific outdoor PA. We examined associations of perceived built and social neighborhood environment factors, and their interactions, with objectively-measured neighborhood outdoor moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) among a sample of Latina women in San Diego, CA. Analyses included baseline data collected in 2011-2013 from 86 Latinas with ≥ 2 days of combined accelerometer and global positioning system data and complete survey measures. We examined objective neighborhood outdoor MVPA within 500-meter home buffers. Generalized linear mixed models examined associations of 3 perceived built (e.g., sidewalk maintenance) and 3 social environmental (e.g., safety from crime) factors with engaging in any daily neighborhood outdoor MVPA. Models tested interactions between the built and social environmental factors. Although the perceived neighborhood environmental factors were not significantly related to daily neighborhood outdoor MVPA, we found 2 significant interactions: perceived sidewalk maintenance x safety from crime (p = 0.05) and neighborhood aesthetics x neighborhood social cohesion (p = 0.03). Sidewalk maintenance was positively related to daily neighborhood outdoor MVPA only among Latinas that reported low levels of safety from crime. Neighborhood aesthetics was positively related to daily neighborhood outdoor MVPA only among Latinas with high neighborhood social cohesion. Findings suggest several built and social environmental factors interact to influence Latinas' neighborhood outdoor MVPA. Interventions are needed targeting both built and social neighborhood environmental factors favorable to outdoor PA in the neighborhood.
Study by immunofluorescence of the anatomy of Le(a) and (b) substances in human fetuses

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the anatomy of Lewis (a) and (b) substances in human foetuses by immunofluorescence. The Lewis antigens appear in mucus from the time of the earliest production of the mucus in salivary glands, the gastrointestinal tract, and elsewhere. Lewis (a) and ABH show a reciprocal relationship in any organ; however, the relative quantities vary from organ to organ. Lewis (b) parallels the ABH antigens. There are no Lewis antigens detected on the endothelial and epithelial cells in contradistinction to ABH, which are plentiful on the cell membranes of epithelial cells, especially in fetuses from the first trimester. There are no native Lewis antigens within cell membranes of erthrocytes or tissue cells. There is no secondary accretion of Lewis substances on tissue cells.
Becoming siap mental: education for transnational labour migration

ABSTRACTDisparate groups with dissimilar agendas, ranging from the Indonesian government to grassroots education collectives, agree that training and education play an important role in preparing women for safe labour migration. However, perspectives on precisely how this training and education should be structured and what information should be included vary widely. This article, which is based on 10 months of ethnographic fieldwork in Indonesia, explores the range of perspectives on what it means to become educated about migration for domestic labour. Particular attention is given to migrant women’s emphasis on the idea of being siap mental (mentally ready) for migration. This research sheds light on the challenges to developing education programmes for migrant women workers and contributes empirical evidence on the role that nonformal or out-of-school education can play in shaping values and social norms.
Modified Inflatable Penile Prosthesis Reservoir Placement Into Space of Retzius: Comparing Outcomes in Men With or Without Prior Pelvic Surgery

Abstract Background Traditional inflatable penile prosthesis (IPP) reservoir placement has rare but potentially serious complications including damage to local structures, and Levine and Hoeh ( J Sex Med 2012;9:2759–2769) described a modified technique designed to avoid these complications. Aim To determine whether the modified Jorgenson scissors technique is safe and effective in patients who have had prior pelvic surgery. Methods A retrospective chart review was performed on all patients who had a three-piece IPP placed by a single urologist from 2011 to 2015. Complication rates between the prior pelvic surgery group and the virgin pelvis group were compared using χ 2 test. Differences between the two groups were considered statistically significant at a P value less than .05. Outcomes Reservoir-related complication rate and rate of converting to ectopic placement. Results A total of 246 procedures were included, with 174 having no prior pelvic surgery and 72 with prior pelvic surgery. The reservoir-related complication rates were 2.8% (2 of 72) in the prior pelvic surgery group and 3.4% (6 of 174) in the virgin pelvis group. This difference was not statistically significant ( P = .79). The two complications from the prior pelvic surgery cohort were inguinal hernias requiring surgical repair, which occurred in the same patient. In the virgin pelvis cohort, there were five inguinal hernias and one autoinflation. There were 16 patients who required ectopic placement of the reservoir owing to difficulty in entering the space of Retzius (SOR), 14 of whom had prior pelvic surgery. Clinical Implications We believe this modified technique for IPP reservoir placement into the SOR is a safe alternative because the Jorgenson scissors allow perforation into the SOR away from vital structures. Strengths and Limitations The study is limited by the fact that it is a retrospective, single-center, chart review of a non-randomized surgical procedure with variable follow-up in a limited number of patients. Its strength is its applicability to provide surgeons a modified technique that can be used routinely for IPP reservoir placement that appears to be safe and effective, even in men who have had prior pelvic surgery. Conclusion In our experience, the modified Jorgenson scissors technique allows for safe entry into the SOR through a transverse scrotal incision and is a viable alternative to the standard SOR placement and the ectopic approach. Capoccia EM, Phelps JN, Levine LA. Modified Inflatable Penile Prosthesis Reservoir Placement Into Space of Retzius: Comparing Outcomes in Men With or Without Prior Pelvic Surgery. J Sex Med 2017;XX:XXX–XXX.
Using multi criteria decision analysis to evaluate nanotechnology: nAg enabled textiles as a case study

Nanosilver enabled textiles represent an advancement in clothing technology, due to their antimicrobial nature. At the same time, the silver that bestows the antimicrobial efficacy of the textile increases its environmental impact. A midpoint life cycle assessment is coupled with antimicrobial efficacy data to inform a multi criteria decision analysis to weigh the benefits and costs (risks) of nanoenabled textiles compared to conventional textiles. Multiple weighting scenarios are applied to include the role of consumer attitude with respect to the relative value and risk of nanoenabled technologies. The results explore the tradeoff between antimicrobial efficacy and environmental cost, and indicate that this tool is relevant to evaluating the utility of nanoenabled products.
Is the Hepatic Factor a miRNA that Maintains the Integrity of Pulmonary Microvasculature by Inhibiting the Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor

Background The "hepatic factor," a molecule or group of molecules present in the hepatic venous blood, essential for the prevention of the development of pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs) and right-to-left shunting has been a conceptual enigma in the understanding of many related conditions. Methods Patients with various forms of liver diseases including acute hepatic failure, and others with normal hepatic function like hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT), inflammatory and parasitic disorders, cardiogenic hepatopulmonary syndrome (cHPS) and skin disorders like Dyskeratosis congenita are all known to cause PAVMs. Over a period of the last two decades our understanding of the pathogenesis of PAVMs has changed, but the mechanisms are still not clearly understood. The presence of PAVMs once considered a contraindication for liver transplantation is now a cure for PAVMs in patients with HPS. Results In this article the molecular mechanisms and the underlying pathogenesis of PAVMs are discussed and the role of microRNA (miRNA) in its pathogenesis is favorably argued. Identifying and preventing or treating the underlying mechanisms will significantly influence the management of a large group of patients who at present cannot be effectively treated with a very poor prognosis. Progressive polycythemia, desaturation, stroke, and infection are serious complications of PAVMs. Conclusion The clinical data and current understanding leads to the possible role of miRNA, which inhibits Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) synthesis as a pathogenic mechanism for the development of PAVMs.
Sexual Harassment of Tenants in Rental Housing

Sexual harassment of tenants by landlords is a serious problem today. Although the extent of the practice is not fully known, it is likely widespread and can produce a profoundly negative effect on its victims. This chapter explores and critiques some of the important legal and ethical issues that have arisen. In particular, the article examines the seminal cases of Shellhammer v. Lewellan and Gnerre v. Massachusetts Commission Against Discrimination. In presenting the current legal environment spawned by these cases, the authors offer proposals for creating a fairer and more ethical environment for both tenants and landlords in dealing with sexual harassment in housing.
Pitfalls and Mimics of Lymph Nodes on Imaging

The important therapeutic and prognostic significance of lymph nodes in patients with cancer mandates accurate identification of lymph node involvement before commencing therapeutic approach. Anatomical approximation of different structures and anatomical variants can pose significant diagnostic dilemmas due to difficulty in delineating lymph nodes. In this section, we highlight these pitfalls and also focus on the characteristic appearance of the nodes.
Questions, Discussions, and Notes

(1933). Questions, Discussions, and Notes. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 40, No. 5, pp. 282-287.
Engaging Caregivers in the Treatment of Youth with Complex Developmental and Mental Health Needs

Caregivers of youth with coexisting cognitive and mental health problems face difficult treatment decisions for their child and have unique challenges engaging in shared decision-making. Many stakeholders can influence care management decisions, and the child’s cognitive impairment often prohibits their inclusion in the shared decision-making process. In-depth interviews and focus groups with 37 caregivers elicited their experiences with care management related to their child’s educational, mental health, and other care needs. Four themes that describe the process of engagement were awareness, activation, formulating a strategy, and action. Findings show psychoeducation, and peer-to-peer support could enhance caregivers’ awareness of the condition and encourage activation, which would help in navigating complex service sectors. Coordinated services could enhance capabilities for formulating a strategy jointly with multiple providers and stakeholders. Ultimately, this would contribute to shared decision-making around a common treatment goal that hopefully leads to better quality of care in the least restrictive setting.
Perioperative outcomes and anesthetic considerations of robotic bariatric surgery in a propensity-matched cohort of super obese and super-super obese patients.

The use of the robotic platform has not been well established in patients with super obesity (SO; body mass index, BMI ≥ 50) and super-super obesity (SSO, BMI ≥ 60). We aimed to determine safety and feasibility of robotic bariatric surgery in this cohort. Review of a prospectively maintained database was performed of consecutive patients undergoing robotic bariatric surgery between 2015 and 2017. Propensity score analysis with 1:2 nearest neighbor matching was performed to control for baseline characteristics and procedure type. A propensity-matched cohort of 47 SO patients (median BMI 55.3, range 50.1–92.5) and 94 morbidly obese (MO; median BMI 41.8, range 35.1–48.8) patients were analyzed. After matching, there were no difference in baseline characteristics including age, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score, or preoperative comorbidities. Most patients in each group underwent sleeve gastrectomy (81% of SO patients versus 76% of MO patients) or Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (13% vs. 18%, respectively), p = 0.66. There were no differences in operative time, intraoperative complications, postoperative complications, or re-admissions between groups. Length of stay was slightly longer in the MO group (2.2 days, IQR 1.8–3.2 vs. 1.8 days, IQR 1.2–2.7; p = 0.01). A subset of SSO patients (n = 11, median BMI 67, range 60–92) was analyzed; there was no increase in operation time, and zero intraoperative complications, conversions to open, or postoperative complications in this subset. Robotic bariatric surgery can safely be performed on patients with SO or SSO with low perioperative morbidity and no increase in operating time.
SERUM FACTORS WHICH SUPPRESS THE IMMUNE RESPONSE

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses serum factors that suppress the immune response. In the in vivo studies showing suppression of antibody formation, large amounts have been used to show inhibition. Immunoregulatory globulin (IRA) has been reported to facilitate in vivo tumor growth and the number of tumor takes in methylcholanthrene-induced sarcomas in mice. IRA, serum alphaglobulin of secondary amyloid (SAA), other alpha globulin inhibitors, the acute phase reactants such as C-reactive protein (CRP) and perhaps interferon seem to be associated with a large number of disorders characterized by acute and chronic inflammation and persistent immunological stimulation. In a few studies, suppression has been restricted to T-mediated cellular reactions, but in others, B-cell mediated reactions such as LPS and pokeweed mitogenesis are affected.
Effects of dietary menhaden oil on DNA adducts of the food mutagen 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (IQ) in Fischer-344 rats.

2-Amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (IQ) is a food mutagen which has been found to be carcinogenic in the Fischer-344 rat. We have assessed the effects of a diet containing menhaden oil on IQ-DNA adduct formation in several organs of the male Fischer-344 rat. Young adult, male Fischer-344 rats were maintained on either a) an AIN-76A diet, containing 5% corn oil, or b) an isocaloric AIN-76A diet modified to contain 2% corn oil and 19% menhaden oil (MO diet), or c) a regular laboratory rodent diet (chow diet) for six weeks prior to receiving a single p.o. dose of 10 or 50 mg IQ/kg. Groups of four animals were killed one or six days after IQ administration. Using 32P-postlabeling assays, IQ-DNA adducts were isolated and quantitated in the liver, lungs, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, kidney, heart, spleen and white blood cells. Adduct patterns were similar in all cases and adduct levels, expressed as relative adduct labeling values (RAL x 10(7), were related to dose in all organs. Adduct formation was dependent on the diet and in almost all organs adduct levels in animals on the AIN-76A diet were similar to those on the chow diet. The 19% MO diet inhibited adduct formation in several organs, but not in others. On day 6 there was evidence of impairment of adduct removal in a number of organs of animals on the 19% MO diet and in several organs of animals on the AIN-76A diet, but not in animals on the chow diet. While dietary MO is generally thought to inhibit experimental tumorigenesis at the promotional stage, the present results show that MO diets may also inhibit the initiation process by inhibiting the initial rate of IQ-DNA adduct formation. It also appears, however, that MO diets may impair the process of adduct removal.
Bayesian-Based Decision-Making Strategy

In the previous chapter, the deterministic awareness-based decision-making strategies for search and classification are developed assuming perfect sensing under both centralized and decentralized system architectures. This chapter focuses on the development of real-time decision-making criteria given limited sensory resources under probabilistic frameworks. The uncertainties in sensor perception is taken into account during MAV decision-making. Bayesian-based and information-theoretic search versus classification decision-making strategies are developed that result in guaranteed detection and classification of all the unknown objects in the domain. The basic problem setup is first introduced in Section 4.1. In Section 4.2, the probabilistic counterparts of the task metrics are provided. Based on the problem formulation and task metrics, a Bayesian-based decision-making strategy is developed in Section 4.3. Both a numerical example and Monte-Carlo simulation experiments are presented in Section 4.4 to study the performance of the proposed decision-making strategy.
Protein AA and Associated Proteins in Type-AA Amyloid Substance

Type-AA amyloid substance was isolated from human amyloidotic liver by the water-extraction method of Pras. Pellet material collected by 105 g centrifugation of the water extracts was dialyzed against water and lyophilized. The lyophilized product was extracted with 6 M urea at pH 3, and the soluble portion was fractionated by passage through a Sephadex G-100 column in the acid-urea solvent. The intact pellet material, the acid-urea-insoluble portion, and the chromatographic fractions were subjected to SDS/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, electrotransfer of the electrophoretically resolved samples to nitrocellulose, and subsequent reaction with antibodies to human AA, AP, prealbumin, albumin, fibronectin and kappa and lambda L-chains.
Development of non-Hodgkin lymphoma as a second primary cancer in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection.

e19059Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is carcinogenic. Infected patients (pts) are at increased risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas (NHL). HCC can pres...