cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Vasopressin lowers pulmonary artery pressure in hypoxic rats by releasing atrial natriuretic peptide.

The authors previously demonstrated that arginine vasopressin (AVP) lowers pulmonary artery pressure in rats with hypoxic pulmonary hypertension by activation of the V1receptor. The pulmonary depressor effect of AVP in hypoxia-adapted rats is not due to its effect on cardiac output. The current study tested two alternative hypotheses: that AVP lowers pulmonary artery pressure in the hypoxia-adapted lung by (1) dilating pulmonary vasculature directly, or (2) releasing atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) from the heart. The first hypothesis was tested by injecting AVP into the pulmonary arteries of isolated, buffer perfused lungs and monitoring pulmonary artery pressure, and by exposing preconstricted pulmonary artery rings to graded doses of AVP and monitoring the tension generated. AVP caused minimal vasodilation in perfused lungs and only a small vasodilator effect in pulmonary artery rings. The second hypothesis was treatment with the V1 receptor antagonist d(CH2)5 Tyr(Me)AVP (130 μg/kg) on the AVP-induced increase in plasma ANP. AVP produced a 7-fold increase in plasma ANP (209 ± 33 to 1346 ± 233 pg/ml; p < 0.05) in hypoxia-adapted rats and a 5-fold increase in ANP (122 ± 22 to 573 ± 174 pg/ml; p < 0.05) in air controls. ANP release was abolished by pretreatment of both groups with d(CH2)5 Tyr(Me) AVP. The AVP-induced ANP release came mainly from left atrium. These data strongly suggest that the pulmonary depressor effects of AVP in hypoxia-adapted rats is due to augmented V1 receptor-induced release of ANP from left atrium.
Food-entrained rhythmic expression of apolipoprotein E expression in the hypothalamus of rats

Abstract Apolipoprotein E (apoE) is a protein mainly synthesized in the liver and brain. To further understand the role of brain apoE in the management of daily food intake, we have examined the circadian pattern of hypothalamic apoE gene and protein expression in freely-fed (FF) and food-restricted (RF, food provided 4 h daily between 1000 h and 1400 h) rats sacrificed at 3-h intervals throughout the light–dark cycle. In FF rats, hypothalamic apoE mRNA and protein levels fluctuated with peaks occuring during the dark phase and the nadirs occuring during the light phase. This pattern was altered in RF rats, which had a marked increase in hypothalamic apoE mRNA and protein levels during the 4-h feeding period in the light phase. Although corticosterone (CORT) levels temporally coincided with the increasing phase of apoE in the hypothalamus in both FF and RF rats, depletion of CORT by adrenalectomy (ADX) did not significantly influence the hypothalamic apoE levels during either period, implying that the circadian pattern of hypothalamic apoE is regulated by factors other than circulating CORT. The finding that hypothalamic apoE and food intake are positively associated during the normal circadian cycle as well as in the period of restricted feeding suggests that hypothalamic apoE is food-entrained and likely involved in the physiological regulation of daily food intake.
Detection of three rotational correlation times for a rigid asymmetric molecule using frequency-domain fluorometry

We measured the frequency response of the polarized emission of Yt-base in propylene glycol at 10 degrees C. Data were obtained for excitation wavelengths of 290, 312 and 346 nm, for which the fundamental anisotropies are 0.05, 0.19 and 0.32, respectively. Additionally, data were obtained using CCl4, to decrease the mean decay time from 9.1 to 4.2 ns. These nine sets of data were analyzed globally to recover the anisotropy decay law. Three correlation times were needed to fit the data, 0.8, 3.0 and 5.6 ns, a range of only 7-fold. We believe this is the first reported detection of three correlation times for a rigid molecule.
New developments in experiments for agricultural economics: Discussion

Huffman et al. provide an excellent illustration of how a laboratory experiment can assess both the impact and value of information. Using auctions to elicit willingness-to-pay (WTP) for GMand standard-labeled foods the experiment compares the effects of positive information about GM from agribusinesses in two settings-one in which consumers received only negative GM information and the other in which they received both negative and independently verifiable (third party) information. The results show that the value of agribusiness information is reduced in the presence of third party information. The extension to calculating public good value is novel but in doing so, the authors assume that information has value only if it results in a change in purchases. This may be overly restrictive since it ignores any value to people already purchasing GM product, and it also brings up the question about the possible value of negative information since it, too, can presumably lead to changes in behavior. If positive and negative information were introduced simultaneously and resulted in no change in purchases, would this assumption force one to conclude that neither had any value?
Clinical impact of laboratory error on therapeutic drug monitoring of once-daily tobramycin in cystic fibrosis: Case series:

Once-daily dosing intravenous tobramycin is commonly used to treat cystic fibrosis pulmonary exacerbations. Clinicians often utilize historical therapeutic drug monitoring data to individualize the dose among patients who have been treated with tobramycin previously. This case series involves three patients with cystic fibrosis who had supra-therapeutic tobramycin levels despite use of a once-daily dosing that produced therapeutic drug levels during a previous hospital admission, raising questions about the validity of these levels. Investigation into several potential sources of error led to the discovery of an analyzer error in the laboratory. Once the laboratory's tobramycin analyzer was recalibrated, the reported levels were comparable to historical levels. This case series emphasizes the clinical importance of critically analyzing reported levels, and specifically, the importance of utilizing past therapeutic drug monitoring data, if available, for all patients treated with intravenous tobramycin. If a patient was therapeutic on a similar dose of tobramycin during a previous admission, a dose adjustment may not be necessary, and clinicians should consider repeating levels while pursuing alternative explanations for the discrepant serum levels.
Endocrine Manifestations of Intracranial Extrasellar Lesions

ABSTRACT. Fourteen patients with intracranial extrasellar lesions simulating primary pituitary disease are presented. Two had aneurysms of the internal carotid artery, 4 had tumors involving the third ventricle, 4 had internal hydrocephalus due to a block in the aqueduct of Sylvius, and 1 each had glioma of the optic chiasm, arteriovenous anomaly of the left cerebrum, meningioma of the floor of the anterior fossa and mucocele of the sphenoid sinus. Thirteen patients had clinical and laboratory evidences of hypothalamic-hypophysial dysfunction. Abnormality of gonadotropin secretion occurred in 10, of TSH secretion in 6, of ACTH secretion in 5, and 4 had diabetes insipidus. All the patients with third-ventricle tumors, glioma of the optic chiasm and arteriovenous anomaly and one of those with aneurysm of the internal carotid artery had the most extensive endocrine deficiencies. In several cases, substitution therapy with cortisone was crucial in carrying the patients through stressful experiences, and in th...
Four antigenic variants of blood group A glycolipid: Examples of highly complex, branched chain glycolipid of animal cell membrane☆

Abstract Four variants of blood group A-active glycolipid (A a , A b , A c , A d ) have been isolated from lipid extract of human erythrocyte membrane. A a is a ceramide hexasaccharide, and A b is a ceramide octasaccharide; these two variants each contain a straight carbohydrate chain with the same A-determinant group, but differ in chain lengths. The A c variant is a mixture of ceramide deca- to hendecasaccharide characterized by the presence of two different carbohydrate chains cojointed with a branching structure at the galactosyl residue, which is attached to glycosylceramide. The variant A d is a mixture of ceramide dodecato tettareskaidecasaccharide with branchings and highly complex structure.
The incidence and risk factors for cardiac arrest during emergency tracheal intubation: A justification for incorporating the ASA Guidelines in the remote location

Abstract Study objective To determine the incidence and etiology of cardiopulmonary arrest during emergency intubation in the remote location by comparing two periods (1990–1995 vs. 1995–2002) at the same institution to assess whether immediate access to advanced airway devices and endotracheal tube-verifying devices altered the incidence of hypoxemia-driven cardiac arrest. Design Retrospective review of a quality improvement (QI) database for emergency intubation outside the operating room (OR). Setting 765-bed tertiary care, level 1 trauma center. Patients 3035 critically ill patients suffering from cardiopulmonary, traumatic, septic, metabolic, or neurological-based deterioration and requiring emergency airway management. Measurements Rate of cardiac arrest, as defined as asystole, bradycardia, or ventricular dysrhythmia with non-measurable blood pressure during or within 5 minutes of intubation, requiring cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), were measured. Main results 60 cardiac arrests were documented (2%, or one per 50 cases), 83% of which were associated with profound hypoxemia (oxygen saturation Conclusion Cardiac arrest during emergency tracheal intubation outside the OR is relatively common compared with the OR environment. Airway-related complications played a prominent role, either singly or in combination with the patient's underlying physiological state. Immediate access to advanced airway devices and endotracheal tube-verifying devices appear to have a significant impact on the incidence of hypoxemia-driven cardiac arrest.
Defibrillation with Low Voltage using a Left Ventricular Catheter and Four Cutaneous Patch Electrodes in Dogs

The purpose of this study was to determine a lower limit of defibrillation thresholds (DFTs) that could be used to evaluate nonthoracotomy lead configurations for implantable defibrillators. A lead configuration that consisted of a left ventricular catheter and four circumferential cutaneous patches was tested because it was hypothesized to create a relatively uniform electric field for defibrillation. In eight anesthetized dogs, three 8F defibrillating catheters with 6 cm platinum clad titanium tips were inserted into the right ventricle (R), right ventricular outflow tract (O), and left ventricle (L). Four cutaneous patch electrodes (4P), each with a surface area of 42 cm2, were placed on the left lateral, right lateral, anterior and posterior thorax. DFTs for ten lead configurations, consisting of different combinations of these electrodes, were evaluated. DFTs were determined by using a modified Purdue technique and applying a single capacitor biphasic shock with both phases 6 ms in duration after 15 sec of electrically induced fibrillation. The L(-)----4P+ configuration produced a lower DFT than R(-)----4P+ (3.2 +/- 1.6 J vs 8.0 +/- 4.2 J, P less than 0.001) with reduced current (2.6 +/- 0.7 A vs 4.1 +/- 1.2 A, P less than 0.001). Lowering the impedance by a mean of 40%, configurations that used four patches produced lower DFTs than those that used a single left lateral patch. The use of an O catheter produced lower DFTs only when used in conjunction with an R catheter.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Implementation and performance evaluation of QoS scheduling algorithms in Mobile WiMAX ns-2 simulator

Mobile WiMAX's scheduling service is a key factor in Radio Resource Management (RRM) in realizing Quality of Service (QoS). The choice in scheduling algorithm for Mobile WiMAX base stations, albeit outside of the scope of the standard, critically impacts the performance and robustness of Mobile WiMAX networks. This paper provides an in-depth study of four major scheduling algorithms: Round Robin (RR), Max CINR (MC), Fair Throughput (FT) and Proportional Fair (PF). Within the framework of Mobile WiMAX, we also discuss the implementation methodology and tradeoffs associated with these scheduling algorithms. Various Mobile WiMAX scenarios are simulated and analyzed using our Mobile WiMAX ns-2 model for performance throughput efficiency and resource allocation fairness.
Bode-Like Fundamental Performance Limitations in Control of Nonlinear Systems

This paper is concerned with entropy based fundamental limitation results for the nonlinear disturbance rejection problem. We propose a hidden Markov model (HMM) framework for entropy calculations. We obtain explicit entropy bounds for both the classical Bode problem (with linear dynamics) as well as certain cases of nonlinear dynamics. An important message of this paper is that the limitations arise due to fundamental issues pertaining to estimation as opposed to the stabilization control problem.
The Cryptosporidium parvum ApiAP2 gene family: insights into the evolution of apicomplexan AP2 regulatory systems

We provide the first comprehensive analysis of any transcription factor family in Cryptosporidium, a basal-branching apicomplexan that is the second leading cause of infant diarrhea globally. AP2 domain-containing proteins have evolved to be the major regulatory family in the phylum to the exclusion of canonical regulators. We show that apicomplexan and perkinsid AP2 domains cluster distinctly from other chromalveolate AP2s. Proteinbinding specificity assays of C. parvum AP2 domains combined with motif conservation upstream of co-regulated gene clusters allowed the construction of putative AP2 regulons across the in vitro life cycle. Orthologous Apicomplexan AP2 (ApiAP2) expression has been rearranged relative to the malaria parasite P. falciparum, suggesting ApiAP2 network rewiring during evolution. C. hominis orthologs of putative C. parvum ApiAP2 proteins and target genes show greater than average variation. C. parvum AP2 domains display reduced binding diversity relative to P. falciparum, with multiple domains binding the 5 � -TGCAT-3 � ,5 � -CACACA-3 � and G-box motifs (5 � G[T/C]GGGG-3 � ). Many overrepresented motifs in C. parvum upstream regions are not AP2 binding motifs. We propose that C. parvum is less reliant on ApiAP2 regulators in part because it utilizes E2F/DP1 transcription factors. C. parvum may provide clues to the ancestral state of apicomplexan transcriptional regulation, pre-AP2 domination.
Linking Gene Expression to Function: Metabolic Flexibility in the Normal and Diseased Heart

Metabolism transfers energy from substrates to ATP. As a "metabolic omnivore," the normal heart adapts to changes in the environment by switching from one substrate to another. We propose that this flexibility is lost in the maladapted, diseased heart. Both adaptation and maladaptation are the results of metabolic signals that regulate transcription of key cardiac regulatory genes. We propose that metabolic remodeling precedes, initiates, and sustains functional and structural remodeling. The process of metabolic remodeling then becomes a target for pharmacological intervention restoring metabolic flexibility and normal contractile function of the heart.
APPEARANCE INVESTMENT AND EVERYDAY INTERPERSONAL FUNCTIONING: AN EXPERIENCE SAMPLING STUDY

Several studies have shown that body satisfaction affects interpersonal functioning. However, few have studied the specific interpersonal correlates of another important body image dimension, appea...
A Case-Control Review of Placentas from Patients with Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy

Objective: To compare the incidence of histopathological features in placentas from women with cholestasis of pregnancy to healthy individuals without ICP. Methods: Placentas from mothers with and without cholestasis of pregnancy were reviewed by a pathologist masked to the study group. Subjects were excluded if they had medical problems already associated with placental histopathology. Results: Twenty-four cases and 30 controls placentas were reviewed. Seventeen placental histopathological features were found. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups. Amongst patients with cholestasis, there was a decrease in villitis of unknown etiology in those treated with ursodeoxycholic acid. Conclusion: There is no difference in the placental histopathology in cholestasis of pregnancy compared to normal pregnancies, but treatment of patients with cholestasis of pregnancy with ursodeoxycholic acid may decrease findings of villitis of unknown etiology.
The Radial and Longitudinal Path of Ion Movement in Roots

The existence of a barrier to lateral outward diffusion of ions from roots was demonstrated quantitatively and by autoradiography. Ions applied to the apical zone were excreted through the basal cut end with no lateral outward diffusion from the central zone. The ions moving through the conducting tissues showed no leakage to the external solution regardless whether the treatment roots came from seedlings grown under low or high salt conditions. However, when dinitrophenol (DNP) was also applied to the central zone in the external salt solution, leakage of apically applied calcium occurred from the conducting tissues. Autoradiographic studies with labeled calcium suggested that the endodermal layer was an effective barrier preventing the lateral outward diffusion of ions. The ions moved longitudinally through the stele. In the stelar tissues the autoradiographic studies failed to detect the presence of any radioactive calcium in the central duct and in the mature xylem vessels, although high concentrations of labeled ions were found in the living cells of the stele, particularly the xylem parenchyma. It is suggested that xylem parenchyma cells may be involved in the longitudinal transport of ions.
Exploring the Links Between Components of Coordinated Community Responses and Their Impact on Contact With Intimate Partner Violence Services

In the 1990s, concerns with response fragmentation for intimate partner violence (IPV) led to the promotion of coordinated community responses (CCRs) to prevent and control IPV. Evaluation of CCRs has been limited. A previous evaluation of 10 CCRs funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention showed no overall impact on rates of IPV when compared to matched communities. However, there was great variability in the quality and quantity of CCR efforts between sites and thus potentially different levels of impact. This article establishes the impact of each of the 10 CCRs on women's past-year exposure to IPV and contact with IPV services and explores the associations between specific CCR components and contact with IPV services.
Diffusion dynamics of small molecules from mesoporous silicon films by real-time optical interferometry

Time-dependent laser reflectometry measurements are presented as a means to rigorously characterize analyte diffusion dynamics of small molecules from mesoporous silicon (PSi) films for drug delivery and membrane physics applications. Calculations based on inclusion of a spatially and temporally dependent solute concentration profile in a one-dimensional Fickian diffusion flow model are performed to determine the diffusion coefficients for the selected prototypical polar species, sucrose (340 Da), exiting from PSi films. The diffusion properties of the molecules depend on both PSi pore size and film thickness. For films with average pore diameters between 10–30 nm and film thicknesses between 300–900 nm, the sucrose diffusion coefficient can be tuned between approximately 100 and 550 μm2/s. Extensions of the real-time measurement and modeling approach for determining the diffusivity of small molecules that strongly interact with and corrode the internal surfaces of PSi films are also discussed.
Variations in the Quantum Efficiency of Multiple Exciton Generation for a Series of Chemically Treated PbSe Nanocrystal Films

We study multiple exciton generation (MEG) in two series of chemically treated PbSe nanocrystal (NC) films. We find that the average number of excitons produced per absorbed photon varies between 1.0 and 2.4 (±0.2) at a photon energy of ∼4Eg for films consisting of 3.7 nm NCs and between 1.1 and 1.6 (±0.1) at hν ∼ 5Eg for films consisting of 7.4 nm NCs. The variations in MEG depend upon the chemical treatment used to electronically couple the NCs in each film. The single and multiexciton lifetimes also change with the chemical treatment: biexciton lifetimes increase with stronger inter-NC electronic coupling and exciton delocalization, while single exciton lifetimes decrease after most treatments relative to the same NCs in solution. Single exciton lifetimes are particularly affected by surface treatments that dope the films n-type, which we tentatively attribute to an Auger recombination process between a single exciton and an electron produced by ionization of the dopant donor. These results imply that ...
Methyldopa Hepatotoxicity: A Paradoxical High-Risk Pregnancy

Alpha methyldopa is one of the preferred medications for hypertension control in pregnant women because of its low teratogenic profile. However, when pregnant women on this medication develop an acute or chronic liver damage, methyldopa is not thought to be responsible. At 18 weeks gestation of a high-risk pregnancy, a patient with chronic hypertension controlled on methyldopa 500 mg three times daily, presented with jaundice, dark-colored urine and elevated liver function enzymes. Following worsening symptoms, inconclusive radiological and negative immunological laboratory investigations, she was hospitalized and a diagnosis of drug-induced hepatotoxicity was confirmed with a liver biopsy. Her symptoms resolved with withdrawal of the offending medication and prednisone taper, which led to diabetes mellitus in pregnancy. Paradoxically, following the diagnosis and discontinuation of methyldopa, the patients’ blood pressure remained controlled off antihypertensives. J Clin Gynecol Obstet. 2015;4(3):271-274 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.14740/jcgo343w
NO Inhibits NaCl Absorption by Rat Thick Ascending Limb Through Activation of cGMP-Stimulated Phosphodiesterase

In the isolated, perfused rat thick ascending limb (THAL), L-arginine (L-Arg) stimulates endogenous nitric oxide (NO) production, which inhibits NaCl absorption. However, the intracellular cascade responsible for the effects of NO has not been studied. We hypothesized that endogenous NO inhibits THAL NaCl transport by increasing cGMP, which activates protein kinase G (PKG) and cGMP-stimulated phosphodiesterase (PDE II), which, in turn, decreases cAMP levels. THALs from rats were isolated and perfused, and net chloride flux (J(Cl-)) was measured. L-Arg was used to stimulate NO production. Adding L-Arg (0.5 mmol/L) to the bath decreased J(Cl-) from 154.4+/-9.9 to 101.9+/-14.1 pmol. mm(-1). min(-1), a 35.2% decrease (n=6; P<0.05). In the presence of the soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitor LY-83583 (10 micromol/L), adding L-Arg to the bath did not affect THAL J(Cl-) (143.7+/-28.1 versus 136.7+/-22.2 pmol. mm(-1). min(-1); n=6). LY-83583 alone had no effect on J(Cl-). In the presence of the PDE II inhibitor erythro-9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl) adenine (EHNA) 50 micromol/L, L-Arg reduced J(Cl-) by only 13% (142.1+/-8.9 versus 122.7+/-11.5 pmol. mm(-1). min(-1); P<0.05; n=6). EHNA alone had no effect on THAL J(Cl-). In the presence of 10(-5) mol/L dibutyryl (db)-cAMP, L-Arg did not significantly reduce J(Cl-) (116.3+/-18.2 versus 102.6+/-15.6 pmol. mm(-1). min(-1); n=6). db-cAMP (10(-5) mol/L) had no effect on THAL J(Cl-). In the presence of the PKG inhibitor KT-5823 (2 micromol/L), L-Arg lowered J(Cl-) from 142.6+/-14.1 to 85.9+/-8.3 pmol. mm(-1). min(-1), a decrease of 35.6% (n=8; P<0.05). We conclude that (1) endogenous NO inhibits THAL J(Cl-) by stimulating soluble guanylate cyclase and increasing cGMP; (2) NO inhibits THAL J(Cl-) by stimulation of PDE II, which, in turn, decreases cAMP levels; and (3) PKG does not mediate NO-induced inhibition of THAL J(Cl-).
Highly branched cobalt phosphide nanostructures for hydrogen-evolution electrocatalysis

CoP nanostructures that exposed predominantly (111) crystal facets were synthesized and evaluated for performance as electrocatalysts for the hydrogen-evolution reaction (HER). The branched CoP nanostructures were synthesized by reacting cobalt(II) acetylacetonate with trioctylphosphine in the presence of trioctylphosphine oxide. Electrodes comprised of the branched CoP nanostructures deposited at a loading density of ∼1 mg cm−2 on Ti electrodes required an overpotential of −117 mV to produce a current density of −20 mA cm−2 in 0.50 M H2SO4. Hence the branched CoP nanostructures belong to the growing family of highly active non-noble-metal HER electrocatalysts. Comparisons with related CoP systems have provided insights into the impact that shape-controlled nanoparticles and nanoparticle–electrode interactions have on the activity and stability of nanostructured HER electrocatalysts.
Taxon richness and climate in angiosperms: is there a globally consistent relationship that precludes region effects?

Abstract: We comment on a recent paper by Francis and Currie that reports a globally consistent relationship between plant family diversity in large geographic grid cells and factors in the physical environment. This relationship was interpreted as demonstrating local ecological determination of diversity, leaving little room for regional and historical effects. We suggest that using family richness to describe patterns of diversity reduces regional effects owing to the lower endemism of plants at the family compared with the species level. Regardless of the taxonomic level of analysis, we further point out that unless regional effects are tested explicitly, statistically significant differences in diversity between regions can be overlooked. Finally, even correlations between diversity and physical conditions of the environment can have primarily historical and evolutionary origins when lineages diversify within ecological zones of origin and spread more slowly to diverse environments. Thus, local ecolog...
Mapping as Applied Research

Cartographers, geographers, and cultural historians acknowledge that existing frameworks for creating and understanding relationships through the map began to change in the mid-twentieth century. Terms like zoning, boundary condition, and master plan no longer adequately describe, catalog, or represent what are now understood as complex, culturally specific contexts and information networks. Additionally, new forms of mapping and new tools for representation allow faster and more data-intensive maps to be assembled. When used as an applied research method in design, mapping reveals a complex ofrelationships between representation and thinking, technology, culture, and aesthetic practices. With the aim of developing more effective ways to employ mapping, I offer a mapping course to students across disciplines that looks at maps in relation to the cartographic histories associated with different forms of themap and the relationship of these maps to an idea or place. This paper shares a method for mapping that emphasizes an understanding of the map as a strategy for the visualization of data and ideas. I show examples of student work using the tools learned in the course. Embedded in the pedagogy are terms used to organize effective maps that construct varied possible worlds by translating from one set of conditions, or constructs, to another through correspondence. Addressing maps as texts, objects of historical explanation, projections of new worlds, and a form of research, students gain a better understanding of spatial and ideational practices.
Co-training as a human collaboration policy

We consider the task of human collaborative category learning, where two people work together to classify test items into appropriate categories based on what they learn from a training set. We propose a novel collaboration policy based on the Co-Training algorithm in machine learning, in which the two people play the role of the base learners. The policy restricts each learner's view of the data and limits their communication to only the exchange of their labelings on test items. In a series of empirical studies, we show that the Co-Training policy leads collaborators to jointly produce unique and potentially valuable classification outcomes that are not generated under other collaboration policies. We further demonstrate that these observations can be explained with appropriate machine learning models.
Nonlinear fluctuations and dissipation in matter revealed by quantum light

Quantum optical fields offer numerous control knobs which are not available with classical light and may be used for monitoring the properties of matter by novel types of spectroscopy. It has been recently argued that such quantum spectroscopy signals can be obtained by a simple averaging of their classical spectroscopy counterparts over the Glauber-Sudarshan quasiprobability distribution of the quantum field; the quantum light thus merely provides a novel gating window for the classical response functions. We show that this argument only applies to the linear response and breaks down in the nonlinear regime. The quantum response carries additional valuable information about response and spontaneous fluctuations of matter that may not be retrieved from the classical response by simple data processing. This is connected to the lack of a nonlinear fluctuation-dissipation relation.
Optical lithography

This is the first in a series of papers describing a theoretical process model for positive photoresist. This model, based upon a set of measurable parameters, can be used to calculate the response of photoresist to exposure and development in terms of image surface profiles. The model and its parameters are useful in many ways, from measuring quantitative differences between different resist materials to establishment of process sensitivities and optimization of the resist process within a manufacturing system. In this paper, the concepts of photoresist modeling are introduced by following the exposure and development of a photoresist film on silicon exposed by a uniform monochromatic light flux. This very simple example provides insight into the complex nature of the photoresist process for reflective substrates. The accompanying paper, "Characterization of Positive Photoresists," gives detail about measurement of the new photoresist parameters. It is supported by "In-Situ Measurement of Dielectric Thickness During Etching or Developing Processes" which discusses automated experimental techniques needed to establish photoresist development rates. These resist parameters provide a complete quantitative specification of the exposure and development properties of the resist. They also allow quantitative comparisons: lot to lot, material to material, and processing condition to processing condition. The fourth paper, "Modeling Projection Printing of Positive Photoresists," applies the process model to one technique of photoresist exposure. This paper contains the detailed mathematics of the model. The model is then used to calculate line-edge profiles For developed resist images.
Synthesis of 5-substituted isophthalic acids and competitive inhibition studies with bovine liver glutamate dehydrogenase.

SummaryIsophthalic acid, 5-carboxy-, 5-hydroxy-, 5-methoxy-, 5-fluoro-, 5-bromo-, 5-cyano-, and 5-methylisophthalic acid were inhibitors competitive with l-glutamate for bovine liver glutamate dehydrogenase. The extent of inhibition by the derived compounds was not much greater than that obtained with the parent compound, isophthalic acid. A plot of pKi versus pH showed the presence of an ionizable group (pKa 7.4-7.8) at the enzyme active site which interacted with the substitutent at the 5 position of the substituted isophthalates.
Supergravity as a special case of local nilpotent fermionic symmetry

We start with a four-dimensional (4D) system only with local nilpotent fermionic symmetry, and show that massive $N=1$ supergravity is realized as a special case. Our field content in 4D is $(e_{\ensuremath{\mu}}{}^{m},{\ensuremath{\psi}}_{\ensuremath{\mu}},\ensuremath{\omega}_{\ensuremath{\mu}}{}^{rs},\ensuremath{\chi})$, where ${\ensuremath{\psi}}_{\ensuremath{\mu}}$ is a vector-spinor in the Majorana representation in four dimenisons, while $\ensuremath{\chi}$ is a compensator Majorana spinor, and $\ensuremath{\omega}_{\ensuremath{\mu}}{}^{rs}$ is the Lorentz connection in the first-order formalism. Applying a similar method to ten dimensions, we start with the field content $(e_{\ensuremath{\mu}}{}^{m},{\ensuremath{\psi}}_{\ensuremath{\mu}},\ensuremath{\omega}_{\ensuremath{\mu}}{}^{rs},{A}_{\ensuremath{\mu}\ensuremath{\nu}\ensuremath{\rho}},{B}_{\ensuremath{\mu}\ensuremath{\nu}},\ensuremath{\lambda},\ensuremath{\varphi},\ensuremath{\chi})$ with nilpotent fermionic symmetry, and show that the conventional massive type-IIA supergravity comes out as a special case of our system. These explicit results indicate that the most known massive supergravity theories are just special cases of more fundamental systems with nilpotent fermionic symmetry. Our nilpotent fermionic charge ${N}_{\ensuremath{\alpha}}$ satisfying ${{N}_{\ensuremath{\alpha}},{N}_{\ensuremath{\beta}}}=0$ resembles the Becchi-Rouet-Stora-Tyutin charge ${Q}_{\mathrm{B}}$ in topological field theory with the ``twisting of supersymmetry.'' If we interpret our charge ${N}_{\ensuremath{\alpha}}$ as twisted supersymmetry, it becomes clear how our system evades the Haag-Lopusza\ifmmode \acute{n}\else \'{n}\fi{}ski-Sohnius theorem for the uniqueness of supergravity.
Acute respiratory failure: a gender-based outcomes analysis.

OBJECTIVE To determine the influence of gender on patient outcomes and the delivery of medical care during mechanical ventilation for acute respiratory failure. DESIGN A prospective cohort study. SETTING Medical intensive care unit of a university-affiliated urban teaching hospital. PATIENTS Three hundred twenty-one patients with acute respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation. INTERVENTIONS Prospective patient surveillance and data collection. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS One hundred six patients (33.0%) died during hospitalization. No statistically significant difference in mortality rates was observed between male and female patients (36.1% versus 30.1%; P = .252). The duration of mechanical ventilation, intensive care unit length of stay, and hospital length of stay were also similar between men and women with acute respiratory failure. The presence of the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS; adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 3.65; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.34 to 5.71; P = .004), the number of acquired organ system derangements (AOR = 1.36; 95% CI = 1.20 to 1.53; P = .013), the predicted hospital mortality using acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE) II scores (AOR = 1.05; 95% CI = 1.04 to 1.05; P < .001), and patient age (AOR = 1.02; 95% CI = 1.01 to 1.03; P = .016) were found to be independent determinants of hospital mortality using multiple logistic regression analysis. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that important gender-specific differences in outcome do not occur among patients with respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation. Severity of illness, patient age, and acquired organ system derangements appear to be the most important determinants of mortality for patients with acute respiratory failure, regardless of patient gender.
Using Social Network Analysis to Promote Schoolwide Instructional Innovation: A Case Study:

Social network analysis (SNA), a methodological approach that enables the mathematical examination of interprofessional relationships, can be an important tool for understanding and leveraging the social relationships that support and restrain instructional innovation and the quality and pace of school reform initiatives. In this article, we explicate the conceptual underpinnings of SNA and summarize how it has been used in a range of preK–12 educational evaluation contexts. A school-based case study is presented in which school leaders examined formal and advice-seeking networks among teachers, staff, and administrators and used the findings to reduce teacher isolationism, promote efficient communication, and increase system capacity for instructional innovation. Challenges associated with SNA for educational evaluation and school improvement are also discussed.
α1-Adrenergic receptors activate NHE1 and NHE3 through distinct signaling pathways in epithelial cells

The Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE) regulates intracellular pH, cell volume, Na+ absorption and H+ secretion in epithelial cells of the renal proximal tubule (PT). alpha(1)-Adrenergic receptors (ARs) increase NHE activity in PT cells. The purpose of this study was to determine the mechanism of alpha(1)-AR activation of NHE isoforms expressed in PT cells. Northern and Western blotting demonstrate transcripts and protein expression of NHE1 and NHE3 in PT cells. An anti-NHE1 antibody predominately labels protein expressed at basal and lateral membranes. In contrast, NHE3 protein is expressed exclusively at the apical membrane. To determine NHE isoforms regulated by alpha(1)-ARs, antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (AS-ODNs) specific for NHE1 and NHE3 isoforms were introduced into cells with streptolysin O permeabilization. Cells incubated with AS-ODNs a total of three times exhibited a reduction in protein expression of ~85%. Na uptake and changes in intracellular pH (pH(i)) were used as measures of NHE activity in PT cells. alpha(1)-AR stimulation increased Na uptake from 8.5 to 13.8 nmol. min(-1). mg protein(-1). AS-ODNs to NHE3 significantly reduced alpha(1)-AR stimulated Na uptake and increases in pH(i); no effect was observed in sense-ODN-treated cells. Inhibition of NHE1 but not NHE3 expression abolishes amiloride-suppressible NHE activity. alpha(1)-AR stimulation of NHE1 is inhibited by the protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor calphostin C whereas NHE3 activity is abolished by the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitor PD-98059. In PT cells transfected with MAPK kinase MEKK1(COOH), a truncated version of MEKK1 that activates MAPK, NHE3 but not NHE1 activity is stimulated. We conclude that alpha(1)-ARs activate distinct signaling pathways to regulate specific NHE isoforms localized on opposite membranes in polarized renal epithelial cells. alpha(1)-AR activation of NHE1 is regulated by PKC whereas NHE3 is controlled by MAPK and serves to separately regulate pH(i), Na absorption, and proton excretion in PT cells.
Abstract 2885: Somatic mutation of STAT3 leads to the preferential Th17 differentiation in human naïve CD4-positive cells and favor TCR-mediated proliferation

Intro: Mature Th17 lymphocytes play a key role in the host defenses against bacteria and fungi although unchecked Th17 activation can lead to autoimmune disorders, inflammation and cancer. The engagement of CD4+ naive T-cells via IL6 and TGFβ favors a Th17 differentiation program, which requires the presence of IL21 and IL23 to reach a complete maturation and the maintenance of Th17 phenotype. The Th17 differentiation requires multiple lineage defining transcription factors (i.e. RORα, RORγt, and STAT3) and the activation of STAT3 signaling, which regulates a plethora of factors (i.e. RORγt, IL23R), is required for the full execution of the Th17 program. We have recently shown that JAK1/STAT3 activating mutations in Anaplastic Large cell Lymphomas (ALCL) are oncogenic, but it is unknown their protumorigenic contribution in modulating/derailing the host microenviroment and the host responses. Methods: 50 FFPE ALCLs were investigated with pSTAT3, GATA3, RORγ and T-Bet antibodies using a dual color approach. CD4+ CD62L+ CD25- CD45RAhi CD4+ naive cells of healthy donor were sorted and cultured (7 days) in KBM (IL23 (25ng/ml), IL6 (25ng/ml), IL21 (25ng/ml), IL1β (12,5ng/ml), TGFβ (5ng/ml) + 1% FBS and anti-CD3/CD28 beads (1:50). Forced expressions of WT or mutated Y640F (YF) STAT3 were achieved via lentiviral transduction. STAT3 qRTPCR, luciferase assay, ATPlite, and ELISA were used as readouts on samples collected at day 7 post-transduction. Results: IHC stains showed that pSTAT3+ ALCL preferentially co-expressed nuclear RORγ (p Conclusions: Our data demonstrated that the ectopic expression of STAT3 leads to a robust Th17 differentiation of CD4 naive T-cells and YF STAT3 sustains their growth overtime in the presence of TCR signaling. The preferential expression of RORγ in pSTAT3+ ALCL (ALK+ and mutated STAT3 ALK-ALCL) suggest that the deregulated activation of STAT3 can regulate the plasticity of the neoplastic cells favoring the recruitment of inflammatory host cells within the neoplastic lesions. Additional studies are underway to define the lymphoma-host interactions and the role of JAK TKI in controlling the lymphoma growth and in modulating the pro-tumorigenic inflammatory phenotype of Patient Derived Tumor Xenograft Citation Format: Ramona Crescenzo, Valentina Fragliasso, Marcello Gaudiano, Marco Pizzi, Giorgio Inghirami. Somatic mutation of STAT3 leads to the preferential Th17 differentiation in human naive CD4-positive cells and favor TCR-mediated proliferation. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 2885.
Distinguishing Tachycardia Mediated From Structural Cardiomyopathy: Association of Late Gadolinium Enhancement With Recovery of Ventricular Systolic Function Following Atrial Fibrillation Ablation.

A common clinical scenario in electrophysiology practice involves patients with arrhythmia and left ventricular (LV) dysfunction. The concept that atrial fibrillation (AF) or other arrhythmias can induce cardiomyopathy in the absence of organic heart disease has been known since the 1950s.[1][1], [2
Fading Broadcast Channels with One-Sided Feedback

In this paper, we study the fading broadcast channel with perfect CSIR and one-sided feedback. One important scenario for multiuser wireless communications is the broadcast channel (BC) where a single transmitter sends independent information to many receivers, for example in the downlink of a cellular system. The capacity region of a fading BC with perfect channel state information at the transmitter (CSIT) and the receivers (CSIR) along with the capacity-achieving transmission strategy was found. However, knowing the channel perfectly at the transmitter requires 1) perfect channel measurements at the receiver and 2) a perfect feedback link to send the estimates to the transmitter. The second requirement is usually harder to meet than the former in a practical system, especially for all the users in the system. For the two-user broadcast channel, this means that only one user may be able to feedback its channel values instantaneously to the transmitter and so the feedback is one-sided. We find achievable rate regions for the fading BC with one-sided feedback for three possible broadcast transmission strategies-1) super-position coding (SPC), 2) dirty-paper coding (DPC) and 3) time-division multiplexing (TDM).
Rho GTPases and cancer.

The Rho (Ras-homologous) family of proteins constitutes a major branch of the Ras superfamily of small GTPases, and is evolutionarily conserved across several phyla. Thus far, 25 members have been identified, and these may be divided into 6 subfamilies based on amino acid sequence identity, structural motifs, and biological function. These include the RhoA-related subfamily (RhoA, RhoB, RhoC), the Rac1-related subfamily (Rac1, Rac1b, Rac2, Rac3, and RhoG), and the Cdc42-related subfamily (Cdc42, G25 K, TC10, TCL, Wrch1, and Wrch-2; see Table 1). Rho proteins may be distinguished from other Ras superfamily members by the presence of a Rho-type GTPase domain, which shares 30% amino acid sequence identity with the small GTPase domain of Ras proteins. Members of the Rho GTPase family share 40–95% identity within their Rho-type GTPase domains (reviewed in Wennerberg and Der 2004). Like Ras proteins, most Rho GTPases function as molecular switches that cycle between an inactive GDP-bound state and an active GTP-bound state. The interconversion between the two states is mediated by interaction with regulatory proteins: guanine nucleotide-exchange factors (Rho-GEFs) accelerate the rate of GDP to GTP exchange, and thus promote the activity of Rho proteins, while GTPase-activating proteins (Rho-GAPs) stimulate the intrinsic GTPase activity of Rho proteins, resulting in their inactivation. An additional level of regulation is offered by Rho-GDP dissociation inhibitors (RhoGDIs), which sequester Rho proteins in the cytoplasm in an inactive state. Active GTP-bound Rho proteins are able to interact with a wide range of downstream effector proteins, through which they mediate diverse cellular functions (see Fig. 1). An additional determinant of Rho GTPase function is subcellular localization, which may be influenced by several factors, including post-translational isoprenoid modification and the presence of a C-terminal polybasic region
Differential Diagnosis of Osteopenia

Differentiating the demineralizing bone diseases, especially osteoporosis from osteomalacia, is difficult but clinically rewarding, since the latter is highly treatable. Bone biopsy can detect the 20% of osteoporotic patients who also have osteomalacia.
Determining an optimal margin of error for supply chain audits

Unsaleables are products that need to be removed from the primary distribution channel for a variety of reasons including being damaged in the supply chain or reaching the end of their useful life before being sold. One approach for processing unsaleables is the development of Adjustable Rate Policies (ARP) whereby manufacturers establish reimbursement rates for damaged and expired product based on data collected from supply chain audits. A prerequisite for developing equitable reimbursement rates is the need for representative audits of the supply chain which in turn depend on the development of proper sampling plans. Given the need to obtain a representative sample in order to establish accurate reimbursement rates and critical flaws in the conventional sampling methodology, the purpose of this research is to propose a new methodology for determining the sample size for conducting supply chain audits and compare the proposed method to other methods. The results of the study consistently support the value of optimally determining the margin of error based on contextual factors such as sales volume, unit cost, and unit sampling costs.