cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Symbolic Debugging of Optimized Code

The long standing conflict between the optimization of code and the ability to symbolically debug the code is examined. The effects of local and global optimizations on the variables of a program are categorized and models for representing the effect of optimizations are given. These models are used by algorithms which determine the subset of variables whose values do not correspond to those in the original program. Algorithms for restoring these variables to their correct values are also developed. Empirical results from the application of these algorithms to local optimization are presented.
DIFFERENTIAL EFFECT OF SUBLIMINAL AND SUPRALIMINAL ACCESSORY STIMULATION ON TASK COMPONENTS IN PROBLEM-SOLVING

The effect of subliminal and supraliminal accessory stimulation on the Stencil Design Test was studied. 30 db below threshold and 35 db above threshold resulted in performance decrement, while 10 db below threshold and 60 db above threshold led to facilitation. Comparison with past research provides evidence that accessory stimulation differentially affects various components of the task.
Mobile radio problems resulting from new techniques

As in most fields, mobile radio problems arise not only from new radio techniques, but also from new non-radio techniques. The radio engineer is continually developing new methods for using existing frequencies and new means for utilizing portions of the radio spectrum, previously inaccessible because of technical barriers. Each new development finds application as an incidental and integral part of many operations which are widely removed from the communication purposes. These applications in turn engender new demands on the radio industry and the cycle of progress moves on. It is the purpose of this paper to point out a few of the communication problems that have arisen and trends which will, in all probability, introduce new communication headaches which we, as radio engineers, must eliminate.
DPSM Modeling for Studying Interaction Between Bounded Ultrasonic Beams and Corrugated Plates with Experimental Verification

Periodically corrugated structures play an important role in the field of vibration control and for designing structures with desired acoustic band gaps. Analytical solutions for corrugated plates are available for well-defined, smooth corrugations, such as sinusoidal corrugations that are not very common in the real world. Often corrugated plates are fabricated by cutting grooves at regular intervals in a flat plate. No analytical solution is available to predict the wave propagation behavior in such a periodically corrugated plate in which the equation of the plate surface changes periodically between a planar flat surface and a nonplanar parabolic groove. This problem is solved here for steady-state case by a newly developed semianalytical technique called distributed point source method (DPSM), and the theoretical predictions are compared with the experimental results generated by reflecting a bounded 2.25 MHz ultrasonic beam by a fabricated corrugated plate. The main difference that is observed in the reflected beam profile from a flat plate and a corrugated plate is that the back- scattering effect is much stronger for the corrugated plate, and the forward reflection is stronger for the flat plate. The energy distribution inside the corrugated plate also shows backward propagation of the ultrasonic energy.
General adaptive replacement policies

We propose a general scheme for creating adaptive replacement policies with good performance and strong theoretical guarantees. Specifically, we show how to combine any two existing replacement policies so that the resulting policy provably can never perform worse than either of the original policies by more than a small factor. To show that our scheme performs very well with real application data, we derive a virtual memory replacement policy that adapts between LRU, loop detection, LFU, and MRU-like replacement. The resulting policy often performs better than all of the policies it adapts over, as well as two other hand-tuned adaptive policies from the recent literature.
Toxicity associated with the long-term use of targeted therapies in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma

VEGF and mTOR inhibitors have encouraging clinical activity for patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC), but may lead to significant short- and long-term toxicities. Although 40–70% of adverse events (AEs) are grade 1 and 2, 10–20% of patients develop grade 3 or 4 AEs requiring dose reductions, drug holidays or treatment discontinuation. The long-term impact of the most common grade 3 and 4 AEs observed in Phase III trials evaluating VEGF and mTOR inhibitors, including hypertension, decreased left ventricular ejection fraction, hand–foot-syndrome and myelosuppression, are a concern in RCC patients who are living longer and receiving chronic sequential or combination therapy. There is a clear need to develop a more rational way to individualize therapy for RCC. Long-term follow-up from existing Phase II/III trials should provide us with increased understanding of the potential implications of AEs in RCC patients. Prevention, early recognition and aggressive management of side effects are fundamen...
Effect of Ash on Oxygen Carriers for the Application of Chemical Looping Combustion to a High Carbon Char

The application of Chemical Looping Combustion (CLC) to solid fuels is being investigated at the University of Kentucky, Center for Applied Energy Research (CAER) with the aim of the development of a Pressurized Chemical Looping Combustion/Gasification (PCLC/G) process for the generation of electricity from coal. One important aspect of the CLC of solid fuel is the understanding of the effect of ash on the reactivity of Oxygen Carriers (OCs). The effect of ash on the redox capabilities of two different iron oxide OCs and on their ability to oxidize coal char was studied. To determine the effect of ash on the reactivity and recycle of the OCs through multiple redox cycles, fly ash from a coal-fired power plant was used. These experiments were performed in a TGMS system using 500 mg of ash/OC mixtures containing different ash concentrations up to 75%. The reducing gas was composed of 10% H2 , 15% CO, 20% CO2 , and a balance of Ar and the oxidizing gas was 20% O2 in Ar. Oxidation/reductions were carried to near completion. The ash was found to contain OC activity related to inherent iron present in the ash confirmed by XRD. This resulted in increased weight gain/loss on oxidation/reduction. The rate of oxidation/reduction increased with ash concentration due to increased porosity of the OC/ash mixture and better access of the reactive gases to the OC target sites. The two OCs were then used to combust a beneficiated coal char in the TGMS with the only oxygen supplied by an iron oxide OC. The starting mixture was 10% char and 90% of one of two OCs studied. The spent material containing reduced OC and ash was re-oxidized and 10% more char was added for a second reduction of the OC and oxidation of the added char. This procedure was repeated for 5 cycles increasing the ash concentrations from 5 to 25% in the char/ash/OC mixture. Carbon removal was 92 to 97.8 and 97.3 to 99.7% for the two different iron oxide OCs tested. Ash was not detrimental to the activity of the OCs and both OCs performed well. The results were promising for the application of CLC directly to solid fuels.
Identifying Differences in News Coverage between Cultural/Ethnic Groups

Large-scale analysis over historical news corpora provides us with unique opportunities to examine sociological issues with respect to local and mass media. In particular, we combine the Lydia named entity recognition system with an name-based ethnicity classification engine to examine issues of ethnic and geocentric sentiment/coverage bias in newspapers. We describe new methods for ethnicity and nationality detection for news entities (people), and build on this to identify interesting temporal, geospatial, and association trends in the coverage with respect to 13 distinct cultural/ethnic/linguistic (CEL) groups.
Annotating pathways in interaction networks.

Integrating molecular interaction data with existing knowledge of molecular function reveals mechanisms that underly cellular organization. We present NARADA, a software tool that implements a comprehensive analysis suite for functional annotation of pathways. NARADA takes as input a species-specific molecular interaction net work and annotation of biomolecules in the network and provides the user with a set of pathways composed of functional attributes, which may be thought of pathway templates in the functional annotation space that recur in various contexts (different groups of specific molecules with similar functional annotation patterns) in the molecular inte raction network. NARADA has its underpinnings in formal statistical measures of significan ce, and algorithmic bases for performance. Comprehensive evaluation on the E. coli transcriptional regulation and proteinprotein interaction data demonstrate NARADA’s ability to detect known, as well as novel pathways.
Estimating Unrestricted Population Parameters from Restricted Sample Data in Employment Testing.

This study examined the accuracy of Alexander, Alliger, and Hanges' (1984) method for estimating un restricted univariate predictor means and variances from sample data drawn from three populations in two personnel selection contexts: (1) where there was di rect nonstrict truncation on the predictor, and (2) where there was direct strict truncation on the predic tor. In addition, the accuracy of corrected (estimated unrestricted) validity coefficients based on estimated population predictor standard deviations was assessed in the nonstrict truncation condition. In general, there was inconsistency in the accuracy of the population predictor mean and standard deviation estimates ob tained across the present datasets and conditions. Cau tion is advised in the interpretation and reporting of corrected validity coefficients in employment testing based on estimated population predictor standard de viations. Index terms: employment testing, person nel selection, range restriction, true validity estima tion, unre...
FGF23 gene regulation by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D: opposing effects in adipocytes and osteocytes.

In a closed endocrine loop, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D) induces the expression of fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF23) in bone, with the phosphaturic peptide in turn acting at kidney to feedback repress CYP27B1 and induce CYP24A1 to limit the levels of 1,25D. In 3T3-L1 differentiated adipocytes, 1,25D represses FGF23 and leptin expression, while not affecting leptin receptor transcription, but inducing C/EBP. Conversely, in UMR-106 osteoblast-like cells, FGF23 mRNA concentrations are upregulated by 1,25D, an effect that is blunted by lysophosphatidic acid, a cell-surface acting ligand. Progressive truncation of the mouse FGF23 proximal promoter linked in luciferase reporter constructs reveals a 1,25D-responsive region between −400 and −200 bp. A 0.6 kb fragment of the mouse FGF23 promoter, linked in a reporter construct, responds to 1,25D with a 4-fold enhancement of transcription in transfected K562 cells. Mutation of either an ETS1 site at −346 bp, or an adjacent candidate VDR/Nurr1-element, in the 0.6 kb reporter construct reduces the transcriptional activity elicited by 1,25D to a level that is not significantly different from a minimal promoter. This composite ETS1-VDR/Nurr1 cis-element may function as a switch between induction (osteocytes) and repression (adipocytes) of FGF23, depending on the cellular setting of transcription factors. Moreover, experiments demonstrate that a 1kb mouse FGF23 promoter-reporter construct, transfected into MC3T3 osteoblast-like cells, responds to high calcium challenge with a statistically significant 1.7–2.0-fold enhancement of transcription. Thus, the FGF23 proximal promoter harbors cis-elements that drive responsiveness to 1,25D and calcium, agents that induce FGF23 to curtail the pathologic consequences of their excess.
Response to Comment on Alkanani et al. Alterations in Intestinal Microbiota Correlate With Susceptibility to Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes 2015;64:3510–3520

We thank Drs. Mejia-Leon and Calderon de la Barca for their comments (1) on our article published in Diabetes (2). They state that “Alkanani et al. considered a very wide age range (2–45 years), but later adjusted it to include only subjects younger than 18 years. As a result, the microbiota …
Cardiac sympathetic afferent stimulation by bradykinin in heart failure: role of NO and prostaglandins

I have shown that cardiac sympathetic afferent stimulation by epicardial application of bradykinin (BK) was significantly enhanced in pacing-induced heart failure (HF) dogs. This enhancement appear...
High-flow microinfusion: tissue penetration and pharmacodynamics

High-flow microinfusion provides a means for delivering macromolecules to large volumes of brain in easily obtainable time intervals. Slowly degraded approximately 180-kDa macromolecules, delivered at a constant volumetric flow rate of 3 microliters/min into homogeneous brain tissue (e.g., gray matter), would penetrate to a 1.5-cm radius in 12 h. The predicted concentration profile is relatively flat until it declines precipitously at the flow front. Hence, tissues are dosed rather uniformly, providing control over the undesired toxicity that may occur with alternative methods that depend on large concentration gradients for tissue transport. The penetration advantage of high-flow (convective) over low-flow (diffusive) microinfusion has been assessed at fixed pharmacodynamic effect. A 12-h high-flow microinfusion of a macromolecule degraded with a characteristic time of 33.5 h would provide 5- to 10-fold increases in volume over low-flow infusion and total treatment volumes > 10 cm3. Slower degradation rates would result in larger treatment volumes; more rapid degradation rates would reduce the volume but still favor convective over diffusive administration. This technique may be applicable to a variety of diagnostic and therapeutic agents such as radioimmunoconjugates, immunotoxins, enzymes, growth factors, and oligonucleotides.
Simple Synthesis of Nanostructured Sn/Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Composite Using Nitrilotriacetic Acid as Lithium Ion Battery Anode

A composite of 3.5 nm Sn nanoparticles dispersed in nitrogen-doped carbon was prepared from low cost precursors, using simple equipment, by the simple process of hydrolyzing at 300 °C SnCl4 mixed with nitrilotriacetic acid and then pyrolyzing the complexed SnO2 at 650 °C. The affordable anode made with the composite retained at 0.2 A g–1 specific current a specific capacity of 660 mAh·g–1 at the 200th cycle and a 630 mAh·g–1 capacity at 400th cycle. At 1 A g–1 specific current the capacity was as 435 mAh·g–1.
Teratogenic effects of Lathyrus odoratus seeds on development and regeneration of vertebrate limbs.

SummaryThe evidence presented indicates that β-aminopropionitrile is the teratogenic agent of the seeds of Lathyrus odoratus. It produces dislocation of joints and loosening of intersegmental septa in amphibians, and bending of the femurs in chick embryos. The minimal teratogenic concentration for Xenopus larvae is .5 μ/liter, the minimal dose for chick embryos is .1 μ per egg. The effects are highly tissue specific but not species specific. The available evidence suggests that a single morphogenic process is interfered with by the presence of this compound during differentiation.
The role of brain infarcts and hippocampal atrophy in subcortical ischaemic vascular dementia.

We investigated if, in patients with vascular lesions, the variable that best discriminated demented from non–demented patients was the severity of the vascular pathology or the degree of hippocampal atrophy. A total of 39 patients multiple subcortical infarcts, who could be considered as possible vascular dementia with small vessel pathology, with underwent a neuropsychological study and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) DSM IV criteria supported by neuropsychological data were used to distinguish demented from non–demented patients. The MRI study took into account the degree of hippocampal atrophy (hippocampal height and interuncal distance) and the severity of vascular pathology (number of brain infarcts). The distribution of lesions and a factor analysis showed that hippocampal atrophy is a better predictor of dementia than the number of brain infarcts. Multiple subcortical infarcts alone are probably not able to cause clinical dementia but the presence of vascular lesions increases the expression of concomitant Alzheimer’s disease.
Developmental Acquisition of Regulomes Underlies Innate Lymphoid Cell Functionality

Summary Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) play key roles in host defense, barrier integrity, and homeostasis and mirror adaptive CD4 + T helper (Th) cell subtypes in both usage of effector molecules and transcription factors. To better understand the relationship between ILC subsets and their Th cell counterparts, we measured genome-wide chromatin accessibility. We find that chromatin in proximity to effector genes is selectively accessible in ILCs prior to high-level transcription upon activation. Accessibility of these regions is acquired in a stepwise manner during development and changes little after in vitro or in vivo activation. Conversely, dramatic chromatin remodeling occurs in naive CD4 + T cells during Th cell differentiation using a type-2-infection model. This alteration results in a substantial convergence of Th2 cells toward ILC2 regulomes. Our data indicate extensive sharing of regulatory circuitry across the innate and adaptive compartments of the immune system, in spite of their divergent developing pathways.
Molecular mechanisms associated with cocaine-induced modulation of human T lymphocytes proliferation.

The increasing abuse of cocaine by young adults and the many deaths attributed to cocaine overdose have prompted questions concerning the public health risk of abusing the drug. These deaths result from a combination of drug effects on both the central and sympathetic nervous systems (1). In addition to the lethal toxic effects of cocaine, previous reports demonstrated that cocaine has various influences, both suppression and enhancement, on the immune function of humans and experimental animals (2, 3, 4, 5). However, the mechanisms of immunomodulation in vivo are unclear, because cocaine can act either as a local anesthetic or systemically through the central nervous system.
Stability and Core-Level Signature of Nitrogen Dopants in Carbonaceous Materials

Nitrogen doping is an important strategy in tuning the properties and functions of carbonaceous materials. But the chemical speciation of the nitrogen groups in the sp2-carbon framework has not been firmly established. Here we address two important questions in nitrogen doping of carbonaceous materials from a computational approach: the relative stability of different nitrogen groups and their X-ray photoelectron spectrum (XPS) signatures of the core-level (N 1s) electron binding energies. Four types of nitrogen groups (graphitic, pyrrolic, aza-pyrrolic, and pyridinic) in 69 model compounds have been examined. Computed formation energies indicate that pyrrolic and pyridinic nitrogens are significantly more stable (by about 110 kJ/mol) than graphitic and aza-pyrrolic nitrogens. This stability trend can be understood from the Clar’s sextet rule. Predicted N 1s binding energies show relatively high consistency among each dopant type, thereby offering a guide to identify nitrogen groups. The relative stabilit...
Compensation for Patient and Detector Scatter and Crosstalk Contamination in 111In SPECT Using Fast Monte Carlo-based Iterative Reconstruction

We have developed a fast Monte Carlo (MC)-based joint ordered-subset expectation maximization (JOSEM) iterative reconstruction algorithm, MC-JOSEM. A phantom was scanned with CT and SPECT to compare quantitative imaging performance of MC-JOSEM with that of a triple-energy-window method (TEW) in which estimated scatter was also included additively within JOSEM, TEW-JOSEM. We acquired very-high-count projections of three 5.5-cc spheres of 111In taped in different locations in a water-filled torso/spine/lung phantom; 14 scans were then obtained with 111In only in the background for generating synthetic images of spheres in background. MC scatter estimates, which were used by MC-JOSEM, were computed once after 5 iterations (60 projections, 10 subsets) of TEW-JOSEM. Images after 36 iterations of both TEW-JOSEM and MC-JOSEM were obtained and counts were measured within volumes-of-interest centered on the spheres in all sphere+ background and background-only image sets. The bias ranged from 7.7% to 14.1% for TEW-JOSEM, and from 8.9% to 11.3% for MC-JOSEM, while the precision was significantly better for MC-JOSEM (5.4% to 11.2%) than for TEW-JOSEM (9.2% to 17.9%). MC-JOSEM is a promising approach for quantitative SPECT.
Quantitative Tracking of Salmonella Enteritidis Transmission Routes Using Barcode-Tagged Isogenic Strains in Chickens: Proof-of-Concept Study.

Salmonella is an important foodborne bacterial pathogen, however, a fundamental understanding on Salmonella transmission routes within a poultry flock remains unclear. In this study, a series of barcode-tagged strains were constructed by inserting six random nucleotides into a functionally neutral region on the chromosome of S. Enteritidis (SE) as a tool for quantitative tracking of Salmonella transmission in chickens. Six distinct barcode-tagged strains were used for infection or contamination at either low dose (103 CFUs; 3 strains) or high dose (105 CFUs; 3 strains) in three independent experiments (Exp 1 oral gavage; Exp 2 contaminated feed; Exp 3 contaminated water). For all chick experiments, cecal and foot-wash samples were collected from a subset of the chickens at Days 7 or/and 14, from which genomic DNA were extracted and used to amplify the barcode regions. After the resulting PCR amplicons were pooled and analyzed by MiSeq sequencing, a total of approximately 1.5 million reads containing the barcode sequences were analyzed to determine the relative frequency of every barcode-tagged strain in each sample. In Exp 1, the high dose of oral infection was correlated with greater dominance of the strains in the ceca of the respective seeder chickens, and also in the contact chickens yet at lesser degrees. When chicks were exposed to contaminated feed (Exp 2) or water (Exp 3), there was no clear patterns of the barcode-tagged strains in relation to the dosage, except that the strains introduced at low dose required a longer time to colonize the ceca with contaminated feed. Most foot-wash samples contained only 1 to 3 strains for the majority of the samples, suggesting potential existence of a unknown mechanism(s) for strain exclusion. These results demonstrated the proof of concept of using barcode-tagged to investigate transmission dynamics of Salmonella in chickens in a quantitative manner.
So Close I Can Almost Sense It: The Interplay between Sensory Imagery and Psychological Distance

Across the five sensory modalities we examine an unexplored difference in imagery: psychological distance. In particular, we propose that imagined senses can be psychologically more proximal or distal based on the maximum physical distance typically required for a stimulus to be sensed. Specifically, we propose that imagined senses that require close proximity to the body in order to be sensed (i.e., taste, touch) will feel more psychologically proximal than senses that do not require such close proximity (i.e., hearing, sight). We obtain support for our theoretical framework across a pilot study, four lab studies, and one field study by examining how images evoked using different sensory modalities differentially influence variables shown in past research to vary along psychological distance: (1) the imagined distance between the consumer and the stimulus, (2) product perceptions on other dimensions of psychological distance, and (3) persuasion when matched with other dimensions of psychological distance.
On the convexity of optimal decentralized control problem and sparsity path

This paper is concerned with an important special case of the stochastic optimal decentralized control (SODC) problem, where the objective is to design a static structurally constrained controller for a stable stochastic system. This problem is non-convex and hard to solve in general. We show that if either the measurement noise covariance or the input weighting matrix is not too small, the problem is locally convex. Under such circumstances, the design of a decentralized controller with a bounded norm subject to an arbitrary sparsity pattern is naturally a convex problem. We also study the problem of designing a sparse controller using a regularization technique, where the control structure is not pre-specified but penalized in the objective function. Under some genericity assumptions, we prove that this method is able to design a decentralized controller with any arbitrary sparsity level. Although this paper is focused on stable systems, the results can be generalized to unstable systems as long as an initial stabilizing controller with a desirable structure is known a priori.
A Combined Services Area Project: Strategies for a Successful Operation

Since 2011, Georgia Tech Library has been undergoing a series of changes to redefine the 21st century research library. At the beginning of these changes were combining reference, circulation, and ...
Africa an Latin America: Cinematic Connections

Surprisingly little scholarship has examined the contacts and connections between African and Latin American cinemas, but these must exist, since several directors readily acknowledge their awareness of films from the “other” continent, despite limited international distribution.
Effects of Anterior Closing Wedge Tibial Osteotomy on Anterior Cruciate Ligament Force and Knee Kinematics

Background:A certain percentage of patients undergoing anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction will experience graft failure, and there is mounting evidence that an increased posterior tibi...
Diphyllobothrium stemmacephalum Cobbold, 1858 (Diphyllobothriidea) from common bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops truncatus (Montagu) from the Texas Gulf coast, USA.

Cobbold (1858) established Diphyllobothrium Cobbold, 1858 with the description of Diphyllobothrium stemmacephalum Cobbold, 1858 from the common harbor porpoise, Phocoena phocoena (Linnaeus) (Phocoenidae), from the North Sea off Scotland. Diphyllobothrium stemmacephalum typically has been reported from a number of Phocoenidae and Delphinidae hosts from a variety of localities: common harbor porpoise from the northern Atlantic Ocean, Baltic Sea and Black sea (e.g. Cobbold, 1858; Delyamure 1955; Delyamure 1968; Delyamure 1971; Delyamure et al . 1985; Anderson, 1987); bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops truncatus (Montagu), from the Gulf of Mexico (Ward & Collins 1959), the Black sea (Delyamure et al . 1985); common harbor porpoise off Newfoundland (Brattey & Stenson 1995), the Black Sea (Krivokhizin & Birkun 1994 [see Yera et al . 2008]), off Denmark (Herreras et al . 1997); long-finned pilot whale, Globicephala melas [Traill], North Atlantic off Faroe Island (Balbuena & Raga 1993); Atlantic white-sided dolphin, Lagenorhynchus acutus [Gray], off Massachusetts (Olson & Caira 1999).
Impact of Soil pH on Cogongrass (Imperata cylindrica) and Bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum) Competition

Cogongrass is commonly found in disturbed areas in Florida, where it is increasingly becoming a problem in bahiagrass pastures. Soil pH has been suggested as a possible mechanism for this invasion; to evaluate this, replacement series competition studies were conducted under greenhouse conditions at two soil pH levels: pH 4.5, or pH 6.8. Cogongrass ramets and bahiagrass seedlings were planted at proportions of 0:40, 1:20, 2:10, 4:1, and 8:0, respectively. Aboveground biomass was measured after 8 weeks and used to calculate relative yield, relative crowding coefficients, and aggressivity values. At soil pH 4.5, the relative competitiveness of cogongrass and bahiagrass was similar, with both species contributing equally to relative yield. At soil pH 6.8, bahiagrass seedlings showed greater competitive ability than cogongrass ramets. Relative crowding coefficient and aggressivity values supported this, with bahiagrass showing increased competitiveness under higher soil pH. This indicates that decreases in soil pH, often associated with poor soil fertility, is likely a contributing factor for cogongrass invasion into bahiagrass pastures. Soil amendments to raise pH may provide a cultural management tool for cogongrass infestations in pastures.Nomenclature: Cogongrass, Imperata cylindrica (L.) P. Beauv.; bahiagrass, Paspalum notatum Fluegg. var. saurae Parodi PASNS.
Adolescent and young adult Hodgkin lymphoma: Raising the bar through collaborative science and multidisciplinary care.

Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is one of the most common cancers in the adolescent and young adult (AYA) population (15-39 years). Despite continued improvements in HL outcomes, AYAs have not exhibited survival gains to the same extent as other age groups. At present, details about tumor biology, optimal therapeutic approaches, supportive care needs, and long-term toxicities in AYAs with HL remain understudied. Herein, we summarize the current state of the AYA population with HL, specifically focusing on how collaborations across the pediatric and medical oncology divide, coupled with multidisciplinary patient care, can further optimize outcomes for this group of patients.
Face cooling exposes cardiac parasympathetic and sympathetic dysfunction in recently concussed college athletes.

We tested the hypothesis that concussed college athletes (CA) have attenuated parasympathetic and sympathetic responses to face cooling (FC). Eleven symptomatic CA (age: 20 ± 2 years, 5 women) who were within 10 days of concussion diagnosis and 10 healthy controls (HC; age: 24 ± 4 years, 5 women) participated. During FC, a plastic bag filled with ice water (~0°C) was placed on the forehead, eyes, and cheeks for 3 min. Heart rate (ECG) and blood pressure (photoplethysmography) were averaged at baseline and every 60 sec during FC. High-frequency (HF) power was obtained from spectral analysis of the R-R interval. Data are presented as a change from baseline. Baseline heart rate (HC: 61 ± 12, CA: 57 ± 12 bpm; P = 0.69), mean arterial pressure (MAP) (HC: 94 ± 10, CA: 96 ± 13 mmHg; P = 0.74), and HF (HC: 2294 ± 2314, CA: 2459 ± 2058 msec2 ; P = 0.86) were not different between groups. Heart rate in HC decreased at 2 min (-7 ± 11 bpm; P = 0.02) but did not change in CA (P > 0.43). MAP increased at 1 min (HC: 12 ± 6, CA: 6 ± 6 mmHg), 2 min (HC: 21 ± 7, CA: 11 ± 7 mmHg), and 3 min (HC: 20 ± 6, CA: 13 ± 7 mmHg) in both groups (P 0.58). The increase in HF at 1 min was greater in HC versus CA (P < 0.01). These data indicate that symptomatic concussed patients have impaired cardiac parasympathetic and sympathetic activation.
Multi-agent path topology in support of socially competent navigation planning:

We present a navigation planning framework for dynamic, multi-agent environments, where no explicit communication takes place among agents. Inspired by the collaborative nature of human navigation,...
Vegetarians' and omnivores' affective and physiological responses to images of food.

Abstract Many vegetarians report that meat is unpleasant, but little else is known about their affective responses to meat and non-meat foods. Here we explored affective responses to food images in vegetarians and omnivores and tested the hypothesis that vegetarians have global differences in affective processing (e.g., increased disgust sensitivity). We presented pictures of different food items and recorded participants’ affective experience while we recorded peripheral physiology. We found that vegetarians’ self-reported experience of meat meal images was less pleasant than omnivores’, but that other food images were equally pleasant across the two groups. Moreover, vegetarians and omnivores had strikingly similar physiological responses to all food images – including meat meals. We interpret these results from a psychological constructionist perspective, which posits that individuals conceptualize changes in their bodily states in ways that match their beliefs, such that increased sympathetic nervous system activity may be conceptualized as an experience of excitement about a delicious meat meal for omnivores but as an experience of displeasure for a vegetarian who believes meat is cruel, wasteful, impure, or unhealthy. This interpretation is consistent with emerging neuroscience evidence that the brain constructs experience by predicting and making meaning of internal sensations based on past experience and knowledge.
MULTIPLE FORMS OF HEART PHOSPHOFRUCTOKINASE

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses different forms of phosphofructokinase from the mammalian heart. The chapter describes a study in which partially purified preparations of guinea pig heart phosphofructokinase, when incubated at pH values that ranged from 5.8–6.5, lost 90%–95% of their activity almost instantaneously. In this study, enzyme assay, enzyme inactivation and reactivation, and other experimental methods were carried out. The optimum mixture for enzyme reactivation was the two products of the phosphofructokinase reaction: fructose-1,6-di-P and ADP. Fresh heart extracts, when added with ATP and Mg2+, caused a marked increase in enzyme reactivation. Activated phosphofructokinase extracts from the sheep heart were precipitated with ethanol between 8% and 13%. Activated phosphofructokinase was purified, and crystallized from heart extracts was prepared. The distribution of inactivated and fully active phosphofructokinase on sucrose gradient was analyzed by the method of Martin and Ames. The results so far obtained on crude, partially purified, and purified enzyme preparations indicated that phosphofructokinase is endowed with many properties that make it well adapted for regulation in the cell.
Transvaginal Repair of Enterocele

The urologist actively involved in the treatment of female genitourinary disease must to be able to recognize and treat various forms of pelvic prolapse. Enterocele is commonly seen in conjunction with stress urinary incontinence and cystocele or it may result from surgery to correct these problems. Many techniques to correct enterocele have been developed, including transvaginal repairs as well as intra-abdominal procedures such as the Moschcowitz technique or colpofixation to the sacrum for enterocele with vault prolapse. Surgical management of enterocele must take into account several factors, including the presence of stress urinary incontinence, rectocele, vaginal vault prolapse, prior hysterectomy and the desire to maintain sexual activity. Based on these considerations we discuss our approach to the transvaginal repair of enterocele. In patients without vault prolapse a simple enterocele repair is performed. If vault prolapse is present, then the condition of the anterior vaginal wall is considered. In patients with a cystocele a vault suspension procedure is performed, which involves simultaneous suspension of the uterosacral-cardinal ligament complex and vaginal vault along with the bladder neck and bladder. There are 2 modifications of this technique depending on the degree of cystocele: the 4-corner vault suspension for grades 2 and 3 cystocele, and the vault suspension with grade 4 cystocele repair. Patients with vault prolapse and no cystocele undergo sacrospinous ligament fixation. In elderly patients who are not sexually active, especially if they are in poor medical condition, partial colpocleisis is considered. In these patients partial colpocleisis was not performed as a primary procedure but it was done later in 3 who failed an initial attempt at repair. All coexisting vaginal pathology is fixed at the time of enterocele repair. A total of 83 patients underwent enterocele repair according to this protocol and 81 were available for followup. Mean followup was 15 months (range 3 to 70). Overall a successful result (no recurrence) was achieved in 70 patients (86%). Success for individual procedures was 40 of 49 (82%) for simple repair, 24 of 25 (96%) for vault suspension and 6 of 7 (86%) for sacrospinous fixation. In all cases vault suspension or sacrospinous fixation was able to restore vaginal depth and axis with minimal or no vaginal shortening.
Learning Global Topological Properties of Robot Kinematic Mappings for Neural Network-based Configuration Control

We examine the topology of the kinematics mapping and propose methods for resolving redundancy and the multiplicity of disjoint pre-image manifolds, resulting in a global regularization of the ill-posed inverse problem.. Reasonable assumptions about the kinematic mapping, based on the physical properties of a robot arm, are exploited to learn the global topology of the mapping. Heuristic algorithms are applied to the wristless Puma 560 and the 3-link planar arm. We show that the disjoint pre-image manifolds in the configuration space, each. corresponding to one of the multiple solution branches, can be identified with a high degree of precision by a combination of nearest-neighbor clustering with an adaptive classifier. We also show that one-dimensional pre-image manifolds may be parameterized in a consistent manner with topology-preserving neural networks. Thus the kinematic mapping can be globally regularized, and both the forward and inverse mappings can be completely learned. A non-linear function approximator such as a neural network can then be used to provide a solution to the inverse kinematics problem, allowing configuration control at a logical level.
Surgical management of functional popliteal entrapment syndrome in athletes.

Abstract Background Functional popliteal artery entrapment syndrome (FPAES) is a rare disorder described in young, physically active adults that can be limb or performance threatening if untreated. We used provocative computed tomography angiography (CTA) in these patients to guide partial debulking of the anterolateral quadrant of the medial head of the gastrocnemius muscle for FPAES and reviewed the outcomes of this technique in this highly specialized cohort. Methods Athletes referred with symptoms of FPAES underwent a CTA protocol with provocative plantarflexion and dorsiflexion to confirm compression and were offered surgery. All patients underwent posterior approach operative exposure of the popliteal artery, adhesiolysis, side branch ligation, and partial excision of the gastrocnemius muscle with or without fasciotomies. Preoperative imaging, operative findings, and midterm follow-up, including return to baseline function and return to competitive function, as well as symptom recurrence, were retrospectively reviewed. Results Thirty-six athletes had a total of 56 limbs treated. The average patient age was 26.9 years and the majority were female (56%). Thirty-one percent of patients were referred after already having undergone prior fasciotomies. Sports involved included track and field or running (47%), soccer (25%), water sports (8%), basketball (6%), lacrosse (6%), climbing (3%), skiing (3%), and gymnastics (3%). Of the patients, 27 (75%) had bilateral symptoms and evidence of entrapment; however, only 20 of the 36 (56%) underwent bilateral surgical treatment for symptom resolution. The mean amount of gastrocnemius muscle removed was 7.6 cm 3 . Nine percent of limbs underwent a bypass along with debulking owing to arterial occlusion at presentation. Postoperatively, there were no nerve or vascular complications noted, although two patients had wound/seroma complications (6%). At the first follow-up, all patients reported mild symptom improvement, but at the midterm follow-up (mean follow-up time, 16 months), six (17%) reported mild to moderate recurrence of symptoms. Of the patients, 78% were able to fully return to their previous competitive levels of sports. All patients were able to resume their athletic endeavor at a recreational level. Conclusions More than three-fourths of athletes limited by FPAES demonstrate full return to prior competitive levels with fasciotomy and surgical debulking of the anterolateral quadrant of the medial gastrocnemius muscle. Provocative CTA protocols can help to guide the location of muscle debulking to alleviate the functional entrapment that occurs in these athletes with exercise. This technique is a viable option in athletes with FPAES looking to return to competitive athletics.
How I Learned to Love Normal-Mode Rossby–Haurwitz Waves

AbstractSeveral important developments in the 1960s showed the way to using spectral analysis to identify and describe atmospheric waves predicted by theory. Among these waves were normal-mode Ross...
NodeJS and Angular Tools for JSON-LD

We report on three open-source, ISC-licensed tools that improve the experience of web programmers who use jsonld.js, the official JSON-LD JavaScript library. Two of these tools are for NodeJS, which is primarily a backend framework, with which one can manage servers using JavaScript. The NodeJS tools are: jldc, a NodeJS command line tool; and node-jsonld, a module that can be plugged into other programs. The two NodeJS tools are written in Typescript 3 and transpiled to JavaScript ES2015. The third tool is written in and for the web framework Angular, which is primarily used in frontend development. The Angular tool is ngx-jsonld-provider. All three tools extend jsonld.js with better error trapping, more verbose help messages, and greater type safety. All three tools are registered with the Node Package Manager (npm). At the time of this writing, web developers have downloaded them from npm more than 500 times combined.
‘Frequency’ and the Detection of Spectral Shape Change

In several recent papers, we have investigated the detection of a change in spectral shape of a complex auditory signal. The discrimination task involves a broadband ‘standard’ spectrum and some alteration of that spectrum produced by adding a ‘signal’ to the standard. For most of the experiments, we have used a standard that is composed of a set of equal- amplitude sinusoidal components. The standard spectrum is, therefore, essentially flat. In different experiments, different waveforms have been added to this standard spectrum to create a change in spectral shape, and the detectability of such changes has been measured. A signal commonly used in these experiments was a single sinusoid added in-phase to some component of the standard. Since this signal increases the intensity at only one frequency region, we describe this situation as detecting a ‘bump’ in an otherwise flat spectrum. One experimental question is whether a bump at one frequency region is easier to hear than a bump at some different frequency region. Also, we might consider more complicated changes in the spectra such as a signal that produces changes in the amplitudes of several components of the standard. How well are such alterations of the acoustic spectra detected, and how is the detectability of these general changes related to the detectability of an increment at one frequency?
Identification of FMR1-regulated molecular networks in human neurodevelopment

RNA-binding proteins (RNA-BPs) play critical roles in development and disease to regulate gene expression. However, genome-wide identification of their targets in primary human cells has been challenging. Here, we applied a modified CLIP-seq strategy to identify genome-wide targets of the FMRP translational regulator 1 (FMR1), a brain-enriched RNA-BP, whose deficiency leads to Fragile X Syndrome (FXS), the most prevalent inherited intellectual disability. We identified FMR1 targets in human dorsal and ventral forebrain neural progenitors and excitatory and inhibitory neurons differentiated from human pluripotent stem cells. In parallel, we measured the transcriptomes of the same four cell types upon FMR1 gene deletion. We discovered that FMR1 preferentially binds long transcripts in human neural cells. FMR1 targets include genes unique to human neural cells and associated with clinical phenotypes of FXS and autism. Integrative network analysis using graph diffusion and multitask clustering of FMR1 CLIP-seq and transcriptional targets reveals critical pathways regulated by FMR1 in human neural development. Our results demonstrate that FMR1 regulates a common set of targets among different neural cell types but also operates in a cell type-specific manner targeting distinct sets of genes in human excitatory and inhibitory neural progenitors and neurons. By defining molecular subnetworks and validating specific high-priority genes, we identify novel components of the FMR1 regulation program. Our results provide new insights into gene regulation by a critical neuronal RNA-BP in human neurodevelopment.
Failing the Test - The Tragic Data Gap Undermining the U.S. Pandemic Response.

Failing the Test Tragically, the United States, unable to match other countries’ pandemic response, has tallied the most Covid-19 cases and deaths in the world. Why has the U.S. response been so in...
Ka-band hybrid integrated circuit mutually injection locked power combined VCO

This paper describes a novel, hybrid microstrip integrated circuit power combined voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) operating at 35 GHz. Mutual injection locking is intentionally employed to obtain highly efficient power combining over a broad, spurious-free electronic tuning bandwidth. The performance of a dual Gunn diode, varactor tuned VCO assembled on a soft substrate is presented. This circuit is capable of producing a Ka-band output power of at least 1/2 watt with state-of-the-art InP Gunn diodes.
The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on patients with obesity undergoing bariatric care.

Abstract Background Patients with obesity are at increased risk of developing severe COVID-19. The pandemic has caused delays in preoperative preparation, progression, and completion of bariatric surgeries. Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 restrictions on bariatric surgery patients and assess their concern of COVID-19 as they continue the preoperative process. Setting Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Methods A questionnaire was administered to patients to assess the impact of COVID-19 on their weight loss goals, physical activity, and diet. Time points assessed were initial bariatric consultation (T1), as well as the beginning (T2), and the end (T3) of lockdown restrictions in the region. Results Seventy-four participants were invited and 50 completed the survey, for a response rate of 67.6%. The average age of participants was 44.1 years. Two-thirds of patients reported significant concern that COVID-19 would affect their weight loss goals. Patients reported significant improvements in their diet from T1 to T2 (P Conclusion Bariatric patients were highly motivated to proceed with bariatric surgery despite the risks imposed by the pandemic.
Vehicle-Impact Damage of Reinforced Concrete Bridge Piers: A State-of-the Art Review

AbstractMajor vehicle or barge collisions with bridge piers are becoming increasingly commonplace, leading to increased risk to critical transportation infrastructure. Consequently, the reliability...
Introduction and Core Concepts

This book is offered to inquisitive healthcare professionals as a clinical resource to support their ability to care for the nutritional needs of the aging adult. While the book is centered primarily around nutrition, vitamins, herbs, and supplements, we do bring up a number of other lifestyle approaches that go hand in hand with dietary interventions. In addition, we bring case studies that showcase the approaches in action and help illuminate the real-world application of our recommendations.