cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An Unstructured RANS Study of Tip-Leakage Vortex Cavitation Inception

To study the physics of cavitation inception, a ducted propulsor simulation is developed and extensively validated with experimental results. The numerical method is shown to be in good agreement with experimental measurements made in the vortex. The simulation is used as a tool for investigating the minimum pressure, circulation, and axial/tangential velocities in the vortex core. Additionally, the tool is used to study Reynolds number scaling effects of cavitation inception. The simulation reveals that the leakage vortex exhibits little dependence on Reynolds number, while the trailing edge vortex appears to exhibit classical trends. Moreover, the trailing edge, albeit the weaker vortex, appears to be causing inception.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
Amino acid and allozyme frequency changes in overwinteringChymomyza amoena (Diptera: Drosophilidae) larvae

Proline is accumulated by overwinteringC. amonea larvae. Mortality averages over 50% by spring. PGMF in the population shifts from 70% in summer to less than 50% during winter, increasing again in summer. Product synthesis from stored glycogen may be mandated in dipteran larvae also using larval proteins for cold hardiness when completion of development is delayed until spring.
Adverse events after inactivated influenza vaccination among children less than 2 years of age: analysis of reports from the vaccine adverse event reporting system, 1990-2003.

Background. In April 2002, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) encouraged providers to vaccinate healthy 6- to 23-month-old infants and children with trivalent influenza vaccine (TIV). Objectives. To describe adverse events (AEs) reported to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) after TIV vaccination among children <2 years of age and to compare reports before the ACIP guideline (January 1990 to June 2002) and after the ACIP guideline (July 2002 to June 2003). Methods. VAERS is a passive vaccine safety surveillance system begun by the Food and Drug Administration and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in 1990. We reviewed reports to VAERS for children <2 years of age who received TIV, alone or in combination with other vaccines. Influenza seasons were defined as the period from July 1 of one year to June 30 of the following year. Results. Between 1990 and 2003, VAERS received 166 TIV reports for children <2 years of age. There were 62 reports (37%) after administration of TIV alone and 104 reports (63%) after administration of TIV and ≥1 other vaccine. Approximately one third of reports (N = 61) were in the post-ACIP guideline period. The 4 most frequent AE coding terms were fever (N = 59, 35%), unspecified or urticarial rash (42, 25%), seizure (28, 17%), and injection site reaction (28, 17%). The median number of days from vaccination to symptom onset, the percentage of reports that represented serious AEs, and the gender distribution were similar in the pre-ACIP guideline and post-ACIP guideline periods. The percentage of reports describing an underlying medical condition for the subject decreased from 58% before the ACIP guideline to 37% after the ACIP guideline. Nineteen of 28 seizure reports (68%) described fever with the seizure within 2 days after vaccination. Seizure was the most frequent coding term (N = 10, 7 with fever) among 23 serious reports. The annual number of TIV-related VAERS reports for children <2 years of age increased in the post-ACIP guideline period, probably at least in part because of an increase in the number of vaccinees after the ACIP announcement. The safety profiles in the pre-ACIP guideline and post-ACIP guideline periods were similar. Conclusions. In October 2003, the ACIP recommended that all healthy children 6 to 23 months of age be vaccinated with TIV, starting in the 2004-2005 influenza season. This study provides generally reassuring, although limited, data regarding the safety of TIV among children in this age range. Continued surveillance for seizures and other clinically significant AEs is warranted and will continue.
Nature of wall heat transfer coefficient in packed beds

Abstract A mechanism of heat transfer from a tube wall to fluid flowing in a packed bed is proposed whereby : (1) a mass of fluid is thrown against the wall ; (2) the fluid at the wall assumes the wall temperature and transfer occurs inward ; (3) this mass of fluid moves away from the wall and is replaced by new fluid. On the basis of this mechanism the following equation was derived using order of magnitude considerations : This expression is compared with data on wall film coefficients for cylindrical packings. Good agreement is obtained. However, no such agreement is obtained for spherical packing. The explanation for this difference proposed by P lautz [3] is subscribed to.
Optical Design on a Macintosh

An optical design program for the Apple Macintosh microcomputer is described. The program features ease of data entry and graphic display of results.
Rigidity of higher elliptic genera

We prove some general rigidity theorems for both elliptic and higher elliptic genera under a natural condition on the first equivariant Pontrjagin classes. We also obtain the vanishing of some higher elliptic genera.
Modes and quasi-modes for m=1,2 in a gyrokinetic model for a non-neutral plasma

Modes and quasi-modes for m=1,2 are studied in a gyro-kinetic model for a pure-electron plasma. Only z-independent perturbations are considered. Numerical methods are used to solve the relevant differential equations for smooth, analytic density profiles. Different temperatures and representative profiles are considered and comparison is made with the familiar cold fluid model from which the results depart but little, except at higher temperatures. A continuum component to the spectrum, present in the cold-fluid model, remains in the gyro-kinetic model to the order considered.
An estimate of the prevalence of psychogenic non-epileptic seizures

The prevalence of psychogenic non-epileptic seizures is difficult to estimate. We propose an estimate based on a calculation. We used the following data, which are known or have been estimated, and are generally accepted. A prevalence of epilepsy of 0.5-1%; a proportion of intractable epilepsy of 20-30%; a percentage of these referred to epilepsy centers of 20-50%; and a percentage of patients referred to epilepsy centers that are psychogenic non-epileptic seizures: 10-20%. Using the low estimates, the prevalence of psychogenic non-epileptic seizures would be 1/50 000. Using the high estimates, the prevalence of psychogenic non-epileptic seizures would be 1/3000. The prevalence of psychogenic non-epileptic seizures is somewhere between 1/50 000 and 1/3000, or 2 to 33 per 100 000, making it a significant neurologic condition.
Cognitive Function after 11.5 Years of Alcohol Use: Relation to Alcohol Use

The authors investigated the relation between alcohol use and cognitive decline after 11.5 years in a community sample. Findings were based on a study of 1,488 participants in the Baltimore arm of the Epidemiologic Catchment Area study, who completed the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) at three time points in 1981, 1982, and 1993-1996. The participants were divided into five groups based on the amount and frequency of alcohol intake and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: DSM IIIR diagnosis of alcohol use disorders. The relation between level of alcohol use and MMSE score change between waves 2 and 3 of the study was examined using analysis of variance, which was then adjusted for the effects of age, race, and education. Alcohol use was associated with significantly less cognitive decline in alcohol drinkers when compared with nondrinkers for both sexes. When adjusted, a trend toward significantly less cognitive decline was seen in women drinkers, but not in men. Among female users, there was a trend toward less cognitive decline in women who used alcohol habitually as compared with those who were nonusers or heavy users. The authors conclude that, over long time periods, alcohol use is not associated with cognitive decline and, in women, may be associated with less decline.
Regulation of oxidative stress by the anti-aging hormone klotho

klotho is an aging suppressor gene and extends life span when overexpressed in mice. Klotho protein was recently demonstrated to function as a hormone that inhibits insulin/insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) signaling. Here we show that Klotho protein increases resistance to oxidative stress at the cellular and organismal level in mammals. Klotho protein activates the FoxO forkhead transcription factors that are negatively regulated by insulin/IGF-1 signaling, thereby inducing expression of manganese superoxide dismutase. This in turn facilitates removal of reactive oxygen species and confers oxidative stress resistance. Thus, Klotho-induced inhibition of insulin/IGF-1 signaling is associated with increased resistance to oxidative stress, which potentially contributes to the anti-aging properties of klotho.
Benchtop evaluation of pressure barrier insufflator and standard insufflator systems

Background Previous experimental research has reported minimal differences in pressure maintenance between different versions of standard insufflators (SI). However, a recent report identified potential clinical benefits with a valveless pressure barrier insufflator (PBI). We sought to perform a benchtop objective evaluation of SI and PBI systems. Methods A rigid box system with continuous pressure manometry was used to evaluate a PBI (Surgiquest Airseal) and two SIs (SI1 = Stryker PneumoSure High Flow Insufflator and SI2 = Storz SCB Thermoflator). Pressure maintenance of 15 mmHg was evaluated during experimental conditions of leakage from a 5 mm port site, leakage from a 12 mm port site, and continuous suction. Results With leakage from the 5 mm port site, the PBI maintained pressure of [13 mmHg whereas the pressures dropped moderately with the SI1 (7‐13 mmHg) and SI2 insufflators (3‐7 mmHg) and did not regain goal pressure until leakage was stopped. With leakage from 12 mm port site, the PBI pressure decreased to 9‐11 mmHg, whereas the SI1 and SI2 lost insufflation pressures completely. The PBI maintained pressure of [11 mmHg during continuous suction while the SI1 and SI2 lost pressure entirely, and actually showed negative pressure from air suction into the rigid box system. When evaluated statistically with the mixed model repeated measures ANOVA, the SI1 and SI2
Charge Reversal Behavior at the CaF2/H2O/SDS Interface as Studied by Vibrational Sum Frequency Spectroscopy

We report in situ spectroscopic measurements of charge reversal behavior and surfactant bilayer formation at the salt/aqueous solution interface as the aqueous surfactant concentration is varied. The studies, which employ vibrational sum frequency spectroscopy to measure the vibrational response of sodium dodecyl sulfate and water at the CaF2/H2O interface, demonstrate the complex nature of the adsorption process which includes monomer adsorption, surfactant bilayer formation, surfactant restructuring, surface charge reversal, and water reorientation. These effects have been monitored directly for the first time by taking advantage of the spectroscopy and the nonlinear phase relationships between the CH and OH vibrational modes. The results provide important insight into the adsorption mechanism that is central to processes such as mineral ore flotation and separation, waste processing, and petroleum recovery.
GPCR-CARMA3-NF-kappaB signaling axis: A novel drug target for cancer therapy

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) play pivotal roles in regulating various cellular functions. It has been well established that GPCR activates NF-κB and aberrant regulation of GPCR-NF-κB signaling axis leads to cancers. However, how GPCRs induce NF-κB activation remains largely elusive. Recently, it has been shown that a novel scaffold protein, CARMA3, is indispensable in GPCR-induced NF-κB activation. In CARMA3-deficient mouse embryonic fibroblast cells, some GPCR ligand-, like lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), induced NF-κB activation is completely abolished. Mechanistically, upon GPCR activation, CARMA3 is linked to the membrane by β-arrestin 2 and phosphorylated by some PKC isoform. Phosphorylation of CARMA3 unfolds its steric structure and recruits its downstream effectors, which in turn activate the IKK complex and NF-κB. Interestingly, GPCR (LPA)-CARMA3-NF-κB signaling axis also exists in ovarian cancer cells, and knockdown of CARMA3 results in attenuation of ovarian cancer migration and invasion, suggesting a novel target for cancer therapy. In this review, we summarize the biology of CARMA3, discuss the GPCR (LPA)-CARMA3-NF-κB signaling axis in ovarian cancer and speculate its potential role in other types of cancers. With a strongly increasing tendency to identify more LPA-like ligands, such as endothelin-1 and angiotensin II, which also activate NF-κB through CARMA3 and contribute to myriad diseases, GPCR-CARMA3-NF-κB signaling axis is emerging as a novel drug target for various types of cancer and other myriad diseases.
Scope of journal of neonatal surgery.

The primary scope of the journal is provision of a platform for publication of evidence-based neonatal surgery. It is the only available journal dedicated to the specialty. Neonatal surgery is often performed by pediatric surgeons in many parts of the world. Surgical neonates, the targeted proportion of the population, are entirely different with other age groups. Their body composition, requirements, immunity, pathophysiology, and response to various diseases are specific to this age group [1]. Management of surgical neonates often starts while in-utero, especially in those with congenital malformations. The decision to continue or terminate pregnancy in a case of congenital malformation is generally based on the type and severity of the malformation, parents’ will, country’s law, or religious recommendations etc. Similarly, there are other issues like management of surgical neonates in surgical neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) or medical NICU; should they be operated in operation theatre or in surgical NICU etc. Here, the role of a specialty journal as a forum for policy making and recommending cannot be ignored. In this issue, a debate on “where should the surgical neonates be nursed?” is published to help find the answer.
Characteristics of the nerve growth factor receptors and a nerve growth factor receptor--nerve growth factor covalent complex.

Nerve growth factor is a polypeptide hormone that is required for the normal growth and development of the embryonic sensory and sympathetic nervous systems. On these cells, there are two different receptors for the nerve growth factor. Recently, these receptors have been isolated from three cell types and shown to have essentially the same binding characteristics. Molecular weights for receptors from two of these cell types, embryonic sensory and rat pheochromocytoma cells, have been determined. In addition, the formation of a covalent nerve growth factor, nerve growth factor receptor complex, has been investigated on embryonic sensory and sympathetic neurons. The formation of this covalent complex containing 125I-beta nerve growth factor is prevented by the addition of excess unlabeled nerve growth factor or by the addition of sodium fluoride and dinitrophenol. This complex forms at 4°, 22°, and 37°, indicating that it is occurring on the cell surface. A disulfide bond is involved in the formation of th...
Are republicans healthier than democrats

was 0.68 (95% CI 0.55, 0.85), 0.63 (95% CI 0.51, 0.76) and 0.71 (95% CI 0.56, 0.90), respectively. The differential for not very strong democrat was not statistically, significantly different from the reference group (strong democrat). However, independent near democrats had a lower OR of reporting poor health than strong democrats (OR 0.77, 95% CI 0.63 and 0.95). Independents (with no democrat or republican leaning) did not have a statistically, significant differential from strong democrats. In adjusted models, using ‘strong democrat’ as a reference, the OR for reporting smoking by strong republicans, not very strong republicans and independent near republicans was 0.76 (95% CI 0.65, 0.89), 0.76 (95% CI 0.66, 0.86) and 0.81 (95% CI 0.70, 0.95), respectively. The differential
Statistical Analysis of RNA Backbone

Local conformation is an important determinant of RNA catalysis and binding. The analysis of RNA conformation is particularly difficult due to the large number of degrees of freedom (torsion angles) per residue. Proteins, by comparison, have many fewer degrees of freedom per residue. In this work, we use and extend classical tools from statistics and signal processing to search for clusters in RNA conformational space. Results are reported both for scalar analysis, where each torsion angle is separately studied, and for vectorial analysis, where several angles are simultaneously clustered. Adapting techniques from vector quantization and clustering to the RNA structure, we find torsion angle clusters and RNA conformational motifs. We validate the technique using well-known conformational motifs, showing that the simultaneous study of the total torsion angle space leads to results consistent with known motifs reported in the literature and also to the finding of new ones.
The effect of internal limiting membrane removal and indocyanine green on the success of macular hole surgery.

Results: The mean preoperative visual acuity was 20/125 -2 in the ERD and ILM groups and 20/160 -2 in the ICG groups (P = .167). Long-term successful closure of the macular hole was achieved with one operation in 22 of 29 ERD eyes (75.9%), 31 of 32 ILM eyes (96.7%), and 62 of 62 ICG eyes (100%). The mean visual acuity at 3 months was 20/63 +2 (ERD), 20/80 (ILM), and 20/125 (ICG) (P < .001), with significantly poorer visual acuity in the ICG group. The final visual acuity (mean, 2.27 years) was 20/63 +1 (ERD), 20/50 -2 (ILM), and 20/80 -1 (ICG, P = .073), with no significant differences in mean visual acuity, visual acuity gain, gain of ≥3 lines, or percentage ≥20/40. Conclusions: Removal of the ILM decreases persistent and recurrent macular holes. ICG staining and complete removal of the ILM slows the rate of visual recovery but does not appear to have any long-term deleterious effect on the results of macular hole surgery.
“I Can't Cry and Run at the Same Time” Women's Use of Distance Running

This qualitative study explores the beneficial functions of distance running for women. In-depth interviews were conducted with five women runners who reported that they had used distance running as a mechanism to help them cope during a time of emotional stress. A case method analysis of the narratives yielded both common themes and unique processes and resulted in a model that integrates running for the promotion of well-being and empowerment with therapeutic components. Implications for social work practice emphasize the importance of supporting exercise as a means of preventing and treating stress-induced disorders.
The potential clinical impact of 20 years of nitric oxide research

robert furchgott reported in 1980 that the physiological importance of the endothelium rested in its ability to release a diffusible vasodilator ([10][1]), later identified as nitric oxide. The deluge of research on nitric oxide over the 20 years that has followed his ingenious initial observation
Developing and Proposing the Ethno-Cultural Gerontological Nursing Model

By 2050, for the first time in U.S. history, almost half of elders will be from ethnic minority groups. To meet the needs of this rapidly diversifying population, nurses need to be able to marry tr...
Survival of a Patient with Pancytopenia and Disseminated Coagulation Associated with Miliary Tuberculosis

A 56-year-old man with histologically and bacteriologically proved disseminated tuberculosis in association with pancytopenia responded to antituberculosis chemotherapy with bacteriologic cure of his tuberculosis and concomitant resolution of the pancytopenia. This association has been generally believed to have a nearly 100 percent mortality. In addition, the patient developed laboratory evidence of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). The single and simultaneous occurrence of these two hematologic abnormalities is extremely rare. A number of factors possibly relating to the development of pancytopenia and DIC in conjunction with miliary tuberculosis are briefly discussed.
A possible role of the pleura in lung mechanics.

Abstract The pressure—volume behavior of excised visceral pleura is studied. The pleura is modeled as a thin incompressible membrane, and the requisite membrane tension is determined from a pseudostrain-energy function. Results are compared to pressure—volume behavior of saline-filled and air-filled parenchyma and to experimental pleural data from the literature. Results suggest that the pleura may play a role as a volume limiter of lung expansion although the need for more detailed analysis is discussed.
Prazosin as initial antihypertensive therapy: correlates of sympathetic function.

Abstract Abnormal sympathetic function has been proposed as a factor in the development of essential hypertension. If this is the case, prazosin hydrochloride, which works by a selective, peripheral, antisympathetic effect—postsynaptic α blockade—may have an advantage over other antihypertensive agents. In this study, blood pressure response and measures of sympathetic and baroreflex function were followed in 13 hypertensive patients. Prazosin alone significantly reduced standing and sitting diastolic blood pressures without affecting pulse rates, plasma catecholamines or baroreflex slopes in all patients. The addition of a thiazide diuretic in persons who did not achieve goal blood pressure on prazosin alone was generally successful in reducing blood pressure to desired levels, and increased both plasma renin activity and aldosterone concentrations. No significant relation was apparent between specific characteristics of sympathetic function and response to prazosin as initial therapy, although patients responding tended to have initially higher plasma norepinephrine concentrations.
FALLOUT CESIUM-137 IN CLAMS (R ANGIA CUN EAT A) FROM THE NEUSE RIVER ESTUARY, NORTH CAROLINA

The concentration of 13Cs from fallout was clctcrmjned for the soft tissues of Rangin cuneata from the Trent-Ncusc estuary during 1965-1967. The 13’Cs concentration in Rangiu varied inversely as a logarithmic function of salinity in the estuary, but with a lesser salinity dependence than rcportcd previously for 13’Cs concentration factors in Rang&z. An incrcnsing concentration gradient of 337Cs with increasing salinity in the estuary was thercforc hypothesized and was confirmed by analysis of ‘37Cs in estuarine water of varying salinity. Transport of 13’Cs on sediments into cstuarics, coupled with ion-exchange displacement of ls7Cs from the sediments at elevated salinities, is proposed to explain the concentration gradient of l”Cs in the estuary.
The Exponential Map Near Conjugate Points In 2D Hydrodynamics

We prove that the weak-Riemannian exponential map of the $$L^2$$ metric on the group of volume-preserving diffeomorphisms of a compact two-dimensional manifold is not injective in any neighbourhood of its conjugate vectors. This can be viewed as a hydrodynamical analogue of the classical result of Morse and Littauer.
Wellington and the Congress

One of the most provocative problems to emerge from the Congress of Verona involves the question of Wellington’s loyalty and ability as the British plenipotentiary: Did he faithfully and vigorously execute Canning’s instructionsx or did he betray the foreign secretary and oppose his policy? Historians disagree on the answer. One school contends that the duke, good soldier that he was, loyally and effectively followed his orders, while another counters that he deliberately undermined his government’s policy and even gave France a plan for the conquest of Spain. Still a third school asserts that Wellington, a mere tyro in diplomacy, played an ineffectual and incompetent role at Verona. This scholarly debate has consumed an extraordinary amount of time, research, and print.
Correlation between hydroxyindole-O-methyl transferase rhythmicity and reproductive function in the rat.

Dr. Wallen has presented a simplified mathematical model of hydroxy-indole- O-methyltransferase (HIOMT) activity which can account for physiological changes in enzyme activity imposed by (a) the presence or absence of ovarian hormones, (b) the application of neuroendocrine stimuli such as the induction of pseudopregnancy, and (c) a change in the proportion of light per day (Wallen and Yochim, 1973a, b; Yochim and Wallen, 1973a,b). These effects could be simulated by changing the numerical value of one or more terms on a mixed-wave equation.
Comparing the Outcomes of Horizontal and Vertical Integration of Sustainability Content into Engineering Curricula Using Concept Maps

The goal of this project was to compare the conceptual sustainability knowledge of students at two institutions that differ in their approaches of integrating sustainability into curricula. One institution is a research-intensive university that has implemented a sustainability-focused course (vertical integration), and the second is a teaching-focused university that has woven sustainability into a variety of classes across its curriculum (horizontal integration). At both institutions, students beginning their capstone design experience created concept maps (cmaps) on the focus question: “What is sustainability?” Structure of student knowledge was analyzed using the traditional cmap scoring method, while specific content was evaluated using word clouds. Results support that students engaging in the curriculum with horizontal integration demonstrated broader, deeper, and more connected knowledge than students enrolled in the vertically-integrated curriculum. Furthermore, students participating in the horizontally-integrated curriculum demonstrated a more balanced understanding of sustainability, with the often-neglected social dimension being significantly represented in their cmaps, as compared to students from the vertically-integrated curriculum. Economic sustainability was a common weakness.
Madeleines and Neuromodernism: Reassessing Mechanisms of Autobiographical Memory in Proust

(1998). Madeleines and Neuromodernism: Reassessing Mechanisms of Autobiographical Memory in Proust. a/b: Auto/Biography Studies: Vol. 13, Autobiography & Neuroscience, pp. 39-60.
Disparlure: Volatilization Rates of Two Microencapsulated Formulations from a Grass Field

Volatilization of disparlure ( cis -7,8-epoxy-2-methyloctadecane) applied in gelatin microcapsules (2%-NCR and 10%-NCR formulations) to 1-ha plots at 500 g/ha was measured intermittently for 2 mo by a micrometeorological technique. The formulations differed in rates and duration of disparlure release. Vapor fluxes initially decreased, later increased with increasing air temperature. Estimated season-long vaporization of the pheromone from the 2 and 10% formulations was only 2.3 and 12.2% of that applied, respectively. Results, which were consistent with laboratory measurements of release rates, showed need for improvement in controlled-release technology.
Oxygen Consumption of the Western Horse Lubber Grasshopper

The large western horse lubber grasshopper, TaenioPoda eques (Burmeister), appears in the desert Southwest in certain areas at or near the end of the summer rains (September and October). Very large numbers of these grasshoppers appeared 40 miles E of Tucson, Ariz., at the 4000-ft level over an 8-mile-long stretch of U. S. Route 80 in late September and early October 1967.
Impact of double rayleigh backscattering in discrete fiber Raman amplifiers employing highly nonlinear fiber

The feasibility of discrete Raman amplifiers employing HNLF (HNLFAs) has been examined by evaluating the DRBS characteristics. The HNLFA with the DRBS crosstalk of less than 35dB is demonstrated employing the optimized configuration.
SP0079 Illness Beliefs as A Treatment Target in Chronic Pain

Psychosocial models of chronic pain argue for a causal role for pain beliefs in the development and maintenance of chronic pain. A great deal of evidence supports an association between pain beliefs – in particular beliefs regarding (a) the meaning of pain with respect to bodily damage, (b) the extent to which one is disabled by pain, (c) one9s sense of control over pain, and (d) catastrophizing beliefs – and important pain treatment outcomes. Thus, both theory and research support the possibility that pain-related beliefs may be viable treatment targets in individuals with chronic pain. A preliminary study comparing the effects of a cognitive restructuring intervention (targeting only pain-related beliefs, and not behavior or coping), relative to an education control condition, supports the causal impact of beliefs on pain intensity. A follow-up study comparing the effects of (a) a cognitive restructuring intervention targeting pain beliefs, (b) a self-hypnosis training condition targeting pain intensity, and (c) a hypnotic cognitive therapy intervention targeting pain beliefs, relative to an education control condition, provide additional support for the specific effects of cognitive restructuring on pain intensity. As a group, this research supports the viability of pain beliefs as treatment targets, cognitive restructuring as an effective strategy for impacting pain by altering pain beliefs, and the potential of using hypnosis to enhance the efficacy of cognitive therapy. Disclosure of Interest None declared DOI 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.6180
The Economic Roots of External Efficacy: Assessing the Relationship between External Political Efficacy and Income Inequality

External political efficacy, the belief that government is responsive to the demands of its citizens, has been declining in the United States since the 1960s. However, scholars do not yet fully understand the reasons for its decline. Nor have they found suitable explanations for why it fluctuates within the electorate. Drawing on the growing literature on the effects of income inequality on public policy, I posit that increasing income inequality factors into the decline of external political efficacy. Using multilevel regression models accounting for individual and contextual factors, I find increasing state-level income inequality has a substantial negative effect on external political efficacy. It is greater than most state and national-level economic measures or individual-level variables on external political efficacy. These results have important implications both for research on income inequality and political participation and also for research on income inequality and distributional public policy.
[Genetic characteristics of enterovirus 71 isolated in Beijing, 2006-2008].

Objective To sequence and analyze the VP1 region of isolated enterovirus from different sources in Beijing,2006-2008.Methods 9 EV71 were selected from the isolates identified through the specimen of human hand foot mouth disease (HFMD),acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) and healthy children in Beijing,2006-2008.Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method was used to amplify and sequence the whole VP1 gene of enterovirus.Phylogenetic tree was constructed,with the means of nucleotide homology and distance between/within groups analyzed.Results The 9 selected strains were clustered with C4 subgenotype reference strains in Phylogenetic tree and showed high nucleotide acid identity (92.1%-93.9% ) in nucleotide homology analysis,and had higher homology than C1,C2,C3 subgenotype reference strains (88.8%-89.5%,89.4%-90.0% and 88.4%-89.3%,respectively).High homologous (95.9%-100.0%) was noticed between the isolated stains from three different sources,but low homologous (93.3 %-93.9%,92.1%-92.9%,respectively) showed between the isolated stains and C4 reference strains isolated in 1998.There appeared larger variations between groups in C4 subgenotype when analyzing the distance between groups means,especially between the reference strains and isolated strains (D=0.052-0.071).Conclusion The EV71 isolated in Beijing,from 2006 to 2008 also appeared to be C4 subgenotype and there was no significant difference found in the whole sequence ofVP1 gene of the strains isolated from different regions,sources,or under different diseases occurred in the same period.There were more nucleotide variations and more chances for the presence of new subgenotype,suggesting that it is necessary to strengthen the surveillance program on EV71 isolates. Key words: Hand foot mouth disease; Enterovirus 71 ; Genotype
Abstract PR07: Myc-dependent translation makes an impact: Tailor-made protein expression for cancer development

Our research delineates how the “cancer translatome” can reprogram gene expression at the post-transcriptional level, by controlling the translation of specific subsets of mRNAs during distinct steps of cancer progression. Here, we have genetically engineered a novel mouse model in which two of the most commonly perturbed oncogenes, MYC and KRAS, are stochastically activated in a small number of hepatocytes resulting in a dramatic increase in metastatic tumors, recapitulating the process of liver tumor development in human cancers. Therefore, we have used this model to detail the evolution of gene expression from primary tumor initiation to metastasis at both the transcriptional and translational levels. We used a genome-wide ribosome profiling approach to assess changes in gene expression at the earliest possible time point after oncogenic activation to metastasis formation in order to develop the first functional comprehensive network of widespread changes in translational regulation that occur during the course of tumor development. We characterized networks of translational regulation unique to each individual oncogene, as well as networks that are synergistically regulated upon activation of both oncogenes. For example, we have identified common networks that are translationally induced upon activation of either MYC or KRAS (e.g. protein synthesis, energy metabolism). We discovered that each oncogene also regulates the translation of unique mRNA networks. MYC induces the translation of genes involved in cell proliferation, mRNA splicing, and lipid metabolism, while KRAS specifically induces the translation of stress response genes, especially the pathway that responds to hypoxia. In addition to the additive effects of regulating their cognate mRNA networks, the combination of MYC and KRAS activation in the same cells can also induce a synergistic effect on the translation of new networks including genes involved in integrin signaling, which may partially explain the increased metastasis observed in this mouse model. Additionally, we uncovered independent regulatory mechanisms that may allow for temporal regulation of discrete oncogenic processes, either at the level of transcription or translation, required at different times during the course of tumor development. Understanding the mechanisms and specific targets of translational regulation downstream of MYC and KRAS activation will provide a novel platform from which to develop therapeutic strategies targeting cancers possessing two of the most common and currently “undruggable” oncogenic lesions. Citation Format: Craig Stumpf, Tom Cunningham, Davide Ruggero. Myc-dependent translation makes an impact: Tailor-made protein expression for cancer development. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Myc: From Biology to Therapy; Jan 7-10, 2015; La Jolla, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Res 2015;13(10 Suppl):Abstract nr PR07.
Bereitschaftspotentiale bei Schreibkrampf

Die fokalen Dystonien (craniocervikale Dystonien wie der Blepharospasmus und der Torticollis spasmodicus, fokale Arm/Hand- oder Bein/Fus-Dystonien) werden heute als gemeinsame Krankheitsgruppe einer Storung der Basalganglien zugeordnet. Eine Subgruppe der fokalen Dystonien zeichnet sich dadurch aus, das die dystone Storung der Feinmotorik nur bei ganz spezifischen Tatigkeiten etwa beim Schreiben, beim Spielen von Musikinstrumenten oder im Profisport auftritt. Bis heute mus offenbleiben, ob diesen Formen andere pathophysiologische Mechanismen zugrundeliegen oder ob sie lediglich eine milde Form der klassischen, aufgabenunabhangigen fokalen Dystonien reprasentieren. Im Rahmen unterschiedlicher neurophysiologischer Untersuchungen wurden bei Patienten mit fokalen Dystonien Abweichungen von Normalbefunden nachgewiesen. Dazu zahlt etwa die verminderte reziproke Hemmung zwischen antagonistischen Muskeln an der Armmuskulatur (Deuschl et al. 1992), die veranderte Rekrutierungskurve des Blink-Reflexes oder die Reduktion polysynaptischer Reflexe im Hirnnervenbereich (Nakashima et al. 1989). All diese Veranderungen sind im Sinne einer verminderten Aktivitat hemmender motorischer Regelkreise zu interpretieren und lassen sind daher sinnvoll in ein pathophysiologisches Konzept einordnen, das die pathologisch gesteigerte Koaktivierung antagonistischer sowie zusatzlichen funktionell nicht sinnvoll eingebundener Muskelgruppen als myographisches Kernsymptom der Dystonien beschreibt (Hughes und McLellan 1985.)
The Epigenetics of Medulloblastoma

Medulloblastoma is the most common malignant pediatric brain tumor arising in the cerebellum or medulla/brain stem. Despite recent treatment advances, approximately 40% of children experience tumor recurrence and 30% will die from the disease. Several recent studies have shown that various epigenetic enzymes are either mutated or overexpressed in medulloblastoma. Thus, these enzymes are considered drug targets in medulloblastoma. Similarly, small RNAs named microRNAs are attractive for therapeutic intervention since they control expression of medulloblastoma tumor suppressors or oncogenes. Interestingly, strategies to modulate epigenetic enzymes and microRNAs simultaneously may be particularly attractive for medulloblastoma treatment. We highlight that the knowledge of epigenetic enzymes, microRNAs, in addition to kinase and ubiquitin ligase networks is especially important for designing combination therapies in medulloblastoma.
Construction of a Unidirectional cDNA Library from a Radioresistant Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cell Line in an Epstein Barr Virus Shuttle Vector

The identification and cloning of genes in the absence of knowledge of their corresponding proteins presents a challenge that may be overcome using expression vectors that complement a given phenotype. This approach involves the transfection of the cDNA of cells expressing a selectable phenotype into cells which lack this phenotype. The methodology requires a very high transfection efficiency, low background of spontaneous acquisition of the phenotype and is ultimately limited to identification of dominant genes. In this study we have sought to test the utility of an extrachromosomal-based host-vector system to identify the gene which confers the radiation sensitive phenotype to immortalized ataxia telangiectasia (AT) fibroblasts (1,2,3,4). We have adopted a protocol which allows for extrachromosomal maintenance of plasmids in host cells to effectively retrieve genes after transfection. This protocol is based on the phenomenon that in human or primate cell lines expressing the Epstein Barr Virus Nuclear Antigen 1 (EBNA1), plasmids that contain the Epstein Barr virus (EBV) origin of replication (Ori P) sequences will not integrate into the genome of host cells and will be maintained episomally (5,6,7).
Copernicus's revolutionary moment

In 1510 Nicolaus Copernicus conceived the project that would become the major work of his lifetime: working out the mathematical details of a heliocentric universe.
Molecular profiling of metastatic colorectal tumors using next-generation sequencing: a single-institution experience

// Jun Gong 1 , May Cho 1 , Marvin Sy 1 , Ravi Salgia 1 and Marwan Fakih 1 1 Department of Medical Oncology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA Correspondence to: Marwan Fakih, email: mfakih@coh.org Keywords: metastatic colorectal cancer, comprehensive genomic profiling, next-generation sequencing, FoundationOne, retrospective Received: September 06, 2016 Accepted: January 16, 2017 Published: February 02, 2017 ABSTRACT Background: Recent molecular characterization of colorectal tumors has identified several molecular alterations of interest that are considered targetable in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Methods: We conducted a single-institution, retrospective study based on comprehensive genomic profiling of tumors from 138 patients with mCRC using next-generation sequencing (NGS) via FoundationOne. Results: Overall, RAS mutations were present in 51.4% and RAF mutations were seen in 7.2% of mCRC patients. We found a novel KRAS R68S1 mutation associated with an aggressive phenotype. RAS amplifications (1.4% KRAS and 0.7% NRAS ), MET amplifications (2.2%), BRAF L597R alterations (0.7%), ARAF S214F alterations (0.7%), and concurrent RAS + RAF (1.4%), BRAF + RAF1 (0.7%), and rare PTEN-PIK3CA-AKT pathway mutations were identified and predominantly associated with poor prognosis. ERBB2 ( HER2 ) amplified tumors were identified in 5.1% and all arose from the rectosigmoid colon. Three cases (2.2%) were associated with a hypermutated profile that was corroborated with findings of high tumor mutational burden (TMB): 2 cases with MSI-H and 1 case with a POLE mutation. Conclusions: Comprehensive genomic profiling can uncover alterations beyond the well-characterized RAS / RAF mutations associated with anti-EGFR resistance. ERBB2 amplified tumors commonly originate from the rectosigmoid colon, are predominantly RAS / BRAF wild-type, and may predict benefit to HER2-directed therapy. Hypermutant tumors or tumors with high TMB correlate with MSI-H status or POLE mutations and may predict a benefit from anti-PD-1 therapy.
Improving the histologic characterization of burn depth.

Background Visual assessment of burn wound appearance is the standard of care to determine the depth of thermal injury but often incorrectly predicts wound healing potential. Histologic evaluation of hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stained burn tissue is prone to subjectivity and is challenging for the novice. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) staining may offer a simplified and consistent technique to identify burn tissue viability. Methods Thirty tissue samples were obtained from six patients undergoing surgical excision for clinically determined deep partial thickness or full thickness burns. Tissues were stained with H&E or LDH. Each specimen was scored by three individuals with varying levels of skill in histologic interpretation using a standardized checklist at two distinct time points. Results Agreement within raters was highest for the expert rater and lowest for the novice; however, the LDH stained tissue method had improved agreement for an experienced burn surgeon and novice. Agreement between raters was greater for the LDH stained samples which were determined to have greater viability than the corresponding H&E section in 100% of samples scored by the expert and in 80% for the novice clinician. Conclusions LDH staining offers a more consistent measure of tissue viability that can be used by experienced and novice clinicians.
Appetitive conditioning with recovery from thiamine deficiency as the unconditioned stimulus

Pairing a taste with recovery from thiamine deficiency produced a preference for that flavor over tastes associated with deficiency and novel tastes in thiamine-deficient rats. The preference persisted after recovery from deficiency.
Stance Classification of Context-Dependent Claims

Recent work has addressed the problem of detecting relevant claims for a given controversial topic. We introduce the complementary task of Claim Stance Classification, along with the first benchmark dataset for this task. We decompose this problem into: (a) open-domain target identification for topic and claim (b) sentiment classification for each target, and (c) open-domain contrast detection between the topic and the claim targets. Manual annotation of the dataset confirms the applicability and validity of our model. We describe an implementation of our model, focusing on a novel algorithm for contrast detection. Our approach achieves promising results, and is shown to outperform several baselines, which represent the common practice of applying a single, monolithic classifier for stance classification.
Exploring Matter: An Interactive, Inexpensive Chemistry Exhibit for Museums

Despite its vital importance in our lives, chemistry is inadequately represented in most museums. Issues such as safety, replenishing and disposal of chemicals, supervision required, and cost are constraints that have limited the number and size of chemistry exhibits. Taking into account the constraints, a 21-station interactive and inexpensive chemistry exhibit has been designed, constructed, and installed in the Great Valley Museum on the Modesto Junior College West Campus. The exhibit is intended to stimulate interest in chemistry, demonstrate and emphasize the importance of chemistry in our lives, and provide a meaningful and enjoyable educational experience with chemistry. The centerpiece of the exhibit involves the identification of 11 elements from observations of relative density, electrical conductivity, magnetic properties, color, and luster. Descriptions of the 21 stations are included in this paper.
Abstract 15265: Exercise Inhibits High-Fat Diet-Induced Upregulation of Endothelin-1 and Endothelin Receptor Type A and Restores Flow-Induced Arteriolar Dilation in Mice

High-fat diet (HFD) promotes insulin resistance and subsequent development of vascular dysfunction (VD). The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of HFD on endothelial function with an e...
Low- and high-frequency cortical brain oscillations reflect dissociable mechanisms of concurrent speech segregation in noise.

Abstract Parsing simultaneous speech requires listeners use pitch-guided segregation which can be affected by the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in the auditory scene. The interaction of these two cues may occur at multiple levels within the cortex. The aims of the current study were to assess the correspondence between oscillatory brain rhythms and determine how listeners exploit pitch and SNR cues to successfully segregate concurrent speech. We recorded electrical brain activity while participants heard double-vowel stimuli whose fundamental frequencies (F0s) differed by zero or four semitones (STs) presented in either clean or noise-degraded (+5 dB SNR) conditions. We found that behavioral identification was more accurate for vowel mixtures with larger pitch separations but F0 benefit interacted with noise. Time-frequency analysis decomposed the EEG into different spectrotemporal frequency bands. Low-frequency (θ, β) responses were elevated when speech did not contain pitch cues (0ST > 4ST) or was noisy, suggesting a correlate of increased listening effort and/or memory demands. Contrastively, γ power increments were observed for changes in both pitch (0ST > 4ST) and SNR (clean > noise), suggesting high-frequency bands carry information related to acoustic features and the quality of speech representations. Brain-behavior associations corroborated these effects; modulations in low-frequency rhythms predicted the speed of listeners’ perceptual decisions with higher bands predicting identification accuracy. Results are consistent with the notion that neural oscillations reflect both automatic (pre-perceptual) and controlled (post-perceptual) mechanisms of speech processing that are largely divisible into high- and low-frequency bands of human brain rhythms.