cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
HABITAT SELECTION BY WOOD TURTLES (CLEMMYS INSCULPTA): AN APPLICATION OF PAIRED LOGISTIC REGRESSION

Models of habitat selection have been developed primarily for mobile animals with well-defined home ranges. The assumptions made by traditional techniques about habitat availability are inappropriate for species with low mobility and large home ranges, such as the wood turtle. We used paired logistic regression, typically used in medical case - control studies, to model selection of habitat within activity areas in a population of wood turtles in a watershed in western Maine. We also modeled selection of activity areas within the watershed, using nonpaired logistic regression. Within activity areas, wood turtles selected nonforested locations close to water with low canopy cover. Within the watershed, they selected activity areas close to streams and rivers with moderate forest cover and little open water. The difference between selection at these two scales suggests that wood turtles select forest edges to balance thermoregulatory and feeding needs. The model of selection of activity areas within the watershed correctly classified 84% of activity areas and random areas. This model may be useful for identifying wood turtle habitat across the landscape as part of regional conservation efforts. We suggest that paired logistic regression shows promise for analysis of habitat selection of species with movement patterns that violate the assumptions of traditional habitat selection models.
Impurity-induced layer disordering of quantum-well heterostructures: discovery and prospects

The circumstances leading to the discovery in 1980 of impurity-induced layer disordering (IILD) of AlAs-GaAs (Al/sub x/Ga/sub 1-x/As) quantum-well heterostructures (QWHs) and superlattices (SLs) are described. In view of the great stability of a QWH or SL (AlAs-GaAs) against ordinary thermal annealing, IILD came as a surprise, i.e., the lower temperature (selective) change from red-gap QW crystal to yellow-gap bulk crystal. Layer disordering can be carried out most effectively, via diffusion or implantation, with two-site dopants such as Zn (acceptor) or Si (donor), but is not restricted to active impurities alone. This maskable planar technology, which (with crystal conservation) transforms a coarser layered III-V "alloy" to a smoother stochastic alloy, and higher bandgap, is capable of forming, as desired, regions that confine carriers and photons. Accordingly, IILD has broad and growing use in optoelectronics (lasers, waveguides, etc.), particularly for III-V systems employing Al and Ga which easily substitute for one another and are sensitive to IILD. The atomic rearrangement of diffusion, a small scale (microscopic) lattice change, is in essence "amplified" by IILD into a large scale (macroscopic) layer change (patterned) that provides a method to study III-V diffusion mechanisms. IILD, a planar technology and growing area of work, is useful in optoelectronics applications as well as for basic diffusion studies in III-Vs and potentially other crystal systems.
MODELING DYNAMIC VEGETATION RESPONSE TO RAPID CLIMATE CHANGE USING BIOCLIMATIC CLASSIFICATION

Modeling potential global redistribution of terrestrial vegetation frequently is based on bioclimatic classifications which relate static regional vegetation zones (biomes) to a set of static climate parameters. The equilibrium character of the relationships limits our confidence in their application to scenarios of rapidly changing climate. Such assessments could be improved if vegetation migration and succession would be incorporated as response variables in model simulations. We developed the model MOVE (Migration Of VEgetation), to simulate the geographical implications of different rates of plant extirpation and in-migration. We used the model to study the potential impact on terrestrial carbon stocks of climate shifts hypothesized from a doubling of atmospheric greenhouse gas concentration. The model indicates that the terrestrial vegetation and soil could release carbon; the amount of this carbon pulse depends on the rate of migration relative to the rate of climate change. New temperate and boreal biomes, not found on the landscape today, increase rapidly in area during the first 100 years of simulated response to climate change. Their presence for several centuries and their gradual disappearance after the climate ceases to change adds uncertainty in calculating future terrestrial carbon fluxes.
Beliefs and Attitudes about Obesity among Teachers and School Health Care Providers Working with Adolescents

Abstract The aim of the present study was to assess and describe obesity-related beliefs and attitudes among school staff. Mailed surveys were completed by 115 science, health, home economics, and physical education teachers, school nurses, and school social workers from all junior and senior high schools (n = 17) within a large urban school district (response rate = 66%). Over half of the respondents expressed the belief that obesity was largely caused by individual behaviors, such as overeating, poor eating, and lack of physical activity, yet also believed that biological factors contribute to obesity. Between 20% to 25% perceived obese persons as more emotional, less tidy, less likely to succeed at work, having “different personalities,” or having more family problems than nonobese persons. Beliefs and attitudes regarding overweight persons did not differ in accordance with personal weight variables of school staff such as Body Mass Index, body dissatisfaction, and weight loss practices. School staff holding stronger beliefs that obesity is under personal control were somewhat more likely to support school–based activities aimed at decreasing obesity. Since school staff have ongoing contact with many youth, they are in a unique position to help with obesity prevention efforts and to help overweight students feel better about themselves in a thin-oriented society. Staff training can be an important part of school–based programs aimed at the prevention of obesity and its psychosocial consequences. Effective staff training in this area needs to address issues of obesity prevention/treatment and issues related to weight stigmatization.
Synthesis of Polymer Brushes Using Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization

Atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) is a robust method for the preparation of well-defined (co)polymers. This process has also enabled the preparation of a wide range of polymer brushes where (co)polymers are covalently attached to either curved or flat surfaces. In this review, the general methodology for the synthesis of polymer brushes from flat surfaces, polymers and colloids is summarized focusing on reports using ATRP. Additionally, the morphology of ultrathin films from polymer brushes is discussed using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and other techniques to confirm the formation of nanoscale structure and organization. Formation of polymer brushes by ATRP.
Species-specific phenological responses to winter temperature and precipitation in a water-limited ecosystem

© 2015 Mazer et al. Phenology is the study of seasonal biological events such as flowering, leaf-out, insect emergence, and animal migration. Long-term observational studies at numerous temperate zone sites have found that the timing of phenological events responds to temporal variation in climate. To assess the phenological effects of climatic variation on California's flora, The California Phenology Project (CPP) was established in 2010 to develop and to test monitoring protocols and to create tools to support long-term phenological monitoring and education in several California national parks. The CPP uses standardized protocols developed in collaboration with the USA National Phenology Network (USA-NPN) to track the phenological status of 30 plant species across key environmental gradients (e.g., latitude, elevation, and precipitation). To date, over 860K phenological records collected by trained citizen scientists, natural resource managers, and park interns participating in the CPP have been contributed to the National Phenology Database. Observations recorded up to twice per week during the first 40 months of monitoring by the CPP were of sufficiently high resolution to detect associations between local climatic conditions and the onset of targeted phenophases. Here, we present analyses of four of the most intensively-monitored species: Baccharis pilularis (Asteraceae), Quercus lobata (Fagaceae), Sambucus nigra (Caprifoliaceae), and Eriogonum fasciculatum (Polygonaceae). We examined the effects of monthly climate parameters during a four month window (December to March), including mean minimum temperatures (Tmin), total monthly precipitation, and their interactions, on the onset dates of four phenophases per species. Stepwise regressions explained a high proportion (30-99%) of the variation in the onset date of each phenophase. Species and phenophases differed, however, with respect to the strength and the direction of the relationship between each month's conditions (Tmin and/or precipitation) and the timing of vegetative and reproductive phenophases. Given the high climatic variation represented among the monitored sites and among years (2011-2013), it was possible to detect significant associations between local, recent winter conditions and the onset dates of subsequent phenophases, although interactions between monthly conditions were also common. These patterns permit preliminary predictions regarding how these species will respond to future winter warming and intensifying drought.
Sustainability requirement patterns

In light of the looming threats of global climate change and environmental degradation, the software research community has begun to recognize the need to transition toward environmental sustainability. However, the process of detecting, specifying and evaluating requirements related to environmental sustainability within industry is often neglected or at best performed after the system is built. Most software engineering teams do not include any environmental sustainability expertise to account for the broad range of sustainability concerns related to software systems. To overcome the barriers of incorporating environmental sustainability into the requirements engineering process, this paper suggests the use of sustainability requirement patterns (SRPs), which will provide software engineers with guidance on how to write specific types of sustainability requirements. SRPs contain information on the situations in which the pattern should be used, a starting point for developing sustainability requirements, and any other information needed to develop requirements of a specific type. This research is part of an overarching research project on Software Engineering for Sustainability.
CONTROL OF TRANSLATION INITIATION IN ANIMALS

▪ Abstract Regulation of translation initiation is a central control point in animal cells. We review our current understanding of the mechanisms of regulation, drawing particularly on examples in which the biological consequences of the regulation are clear. Specific mRNAs can be controlled via sequences in their 5′ and 3′ untranslated regions (UTRs) and by alterations in the translation machinery. The 5′UTR sequence can determine which initiation pathway is used to bring the ribosome to the initiation codon, how efficiently initiation occurs, and which initiation site is selected. 5′UTR-mediated control can also be accomplished via sequence-specific mRNA-binding proteins. Sequences in the 3′ untranslated region and the poly(A) tail can have dramatic effects on initiation frequency, with particularly profound effects in oogenesis and early development. The mechanism by which 3′UTRs and poly(A) regulate initiation may involve contacts between proteins bound to these regions and the basal translation appar...
On accurate measurement of link quality in multi-hop wireless mesh networks

This paper presents a highly efficient and accurate link-quality measurement framework, called EAR (Efficient and Accurate link-quality monitoR), for multi-hop wireless mesh networks, that has several salient features. First, it exploits three complementary measurement schemes: passive, cooperative, and active monitoring. EAR maximizes the measurement accuracy by (i) dynamically and adaptively adopting one of these schemes and (ii) opportunistically exploiting the nicast application traffic present in the network, while minimizing the measurement overhead. Second, EAR effectively identifies the existence of wireless link asymmetry by measuring the quality of each link in both directions of the link, thus improving the utilization of network capacity by up to 114%. Finally, its reliance on both the network layer and the IEEE 802.11-based device driver solutions makes EAR easily deployable in existing multi-hop wireless mesh networks without system recompilation or MAC firmware modification. EAR has been evaluated extensively via both ns-2-based simulation and experimentation on our Linux-based implementation. Both simulation and experimentation results have shown EAR to provide highly accurate link-quality measurements with minimum overhead.
Prospective analysis of DNA damage and repair markers of lung cancer risk from the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial

Mutagen challenge and DNA repair assays have been used in case–control studies for nearly three decades to assess human cancer risk. The findings still engender controversy because blood was drawn after cancer diagnosis so the results may be biased, a type called ‘reverse causation’. We therefore used Epstein–Barr virus-transformed lymphoblastoid cell lines established from prospectively collected peripheral blood samples to evaluate lung cancer risk in relation to three DNA repair assays: alkaline Comet assay, host cell reactivation (HCR) assay with the mutagen benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxide and the bleomycin mutagen sensitivity assay. Cases (n = 117) were diagnosed with lung cancer between 0.3 and 6 years after blood collection and controls (n = 117) were frequency matched on calendar year and age at blood collection, gender and smoking history; all races were included. Case and control status was unknown to laboratory investigators. In unconditional logistic regression analyses, statistically significantly increased lung cancer odds ratios (ORadjusted) were observed for bleomycin mutagen sensitivity as quartiles of chromatid breaks/cell [relative to the lowest quartile, OR = 1.2, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.5–2.5; OR = 1.4, 95% CI: 0.7–3.1; OR = 2.1, 95% CI: 1.0–4.4, respectively, Ptrend = 0.04]. The magnitude of the association between the bleomycin assay and lung cancer risk was modest compared with those reported in previous lung cancer studies but was strengthened when we included only incident cases diagnosed more than a year after blood collection (Ptrend = 0.02), supporting the notion the assay may be a measure of cancer susceptibility. The Comet and HCR assays were unrelated to lung cancer risk.
Polarization of the Compact Radio Structure of 3C 454.3

The polarization structure of synchrotron sources provides information about the magnetic field structure and thermal particle distributions near the source. Such information is critical to a full understanding of compact sources in the nuclei of galaxies and quasars. VLBI maps of these objects are frequently interpreted as showing jets even though the maps are dominated by a few bright regions. If these sources do indeed contain jets then the jet should have a relatively well-ordered component of the magnetic field. The presence of this ordered magnetic field, as well as the presence of thermal plasma in and around the jet, should be revealed by the polarized radiation. We present below the results of the first successful VLBI measurements of the polarized emission from an extragalactic compact radio source.
Effects of rotation frequency and task order on localised muscle fatigue and performance during repetitive static shoulder exertions

Though widely considered to reduce physical exposures and increase exposure variation, there is limited evidence that rotating between tasks is effective in reducing the risk of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs). The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of rotation, specifically focusing on rotation frequency and task order, on muscle fatigue and performance when rotating between tasks that load the same muscle group. Twelve participants completed six experimental sessions during which repetitive static shoulder abduction tasks were performed at two exertion levels for one hour either with or without rotation. Compared to only performing a higher or lower exertion task, rotating between the two tasks decreased and increased fatigue, respectively. Increasing rotation frequency adversely affected task performance, and task order had a minor effect on muscle fatigue. These rotation parameters may be important considerations when implementing rotation in the workplace. Practitioner Sum...
An HSTACS/WFC Hα Imaging Survey of Nearby Galaxies

Previous studies of nearby galaxies show large discrepancies between different star formation (SF) indicators on large (≳ 100 pc, or even global) scales: the strikingly complex interplay of young stars, dust and ionized gas are the primary cause of this variance. The few galaxies in the HST Archive with both Hα and mid-UV images show this complex geometry to extend down to pc scales.
Efficient and effective heuristics for the coordinated capacitated lot-size problem

Abstract Coordinating procurement decisions for a family of products that share a constrained resource, such as an ocean shipping container, is an important managerial problem. However due to the problem’s difficult mathematical properties, efficient and effective solution procedures for the problem have eluded researchers. This paper proposes two heuristics, for the capacitated, coordinated dynamic demand lot-size problem with deterministic but time-varying demand. In addition to inventory holding costs, the problem assumes a joint setup cost each time any member of the product family is replenished and an individual item setup cost for each item type replenished. The objective is to meet all customer demand without backorders at minimum total cost. We propose a six-phase heuristic (SPH) and a simulated annealing meta-heuristic (SAM). The SPH begins by assuming that each customer demand is met by a unique replenishment and then it seeks to iteratively maximize the net savings associated with order consolidation. Using SPH to find a starting solution, the SAM orchestrates escaping local solutions and exploring other areas of the solution state space that are randomly generated in an annealing search process. The results of extensive computational experiments document the effectiveness and efficiency of the heuristics. Over a wide range of problem parameter values, the SPH and SAM find solutions with an average optimality gap of 1.53% and 0.47% in an average time of 0.023 CPU seconds and 0.32 CPU seconds, respectively. The heuristics are strong candidates for application as stand alone solvers or as an upper bounding procedure within an optimization based algorithm. The procedures are currently being tested as a solver in the procurement software suite of a nationally recognized procurement software provider.
Residential outdoor water use in one East Texas community

Municipalities continue to implement efforts to encourage water conservation among residents. Landscape irrigation has been central to many of those conservation efforts. Reference evapotranspiration data is a tool that can be used in determining the appropriate amount of water to apply to amenity landscapes. Monthly water-use data for 3 years was examined in 1 neighborhood in Huntsville, Texas. The irrigated area for 1,229 residents was calculated and used to determine the depth of monthly irrigation for each residence. Replacement of 100% of local reference evapotranspiration data, minus rainfall, was used as a determinant of how much water to apply to the landscape each month for 3 years. Potential over-irrigation for each month was then compiled. Data expressed that over-irrigation was occurring among 99.51% of residents, of which 12% of these residents over-irrigated by at least 100,000 gallons in at least 1 month during the 36 month study. In 2011, the entire neighborhood of study over-irrigated by 21.2 million gallons. Outdoor water use accounted for 64% of the total water use by households. Average indoor water usage was 4,302 gallons per month. Based on the data overall, greater conservation efforts in landscape irrigation are crucial for Texas residents if water demands are to be met in the 21 st century.
The Role of Contempt in Intercultural Cooperation

Little is known about the proximal variables linked to the fact that intercultural interactions produce less cooperation and more competition than intracultural interactions. A recent study demonstrated that comparatively poorer performances in intercultural dyads were linked to differences in the dyad’s home country scores on Hofstede’s dimension Power Distance. This finding suggested a potential role for the emotion of contempt because Power Distance refers to the distribution of power and status in a hierarchy, and contempt is an emotion related to perceptions of hierarchical status violations. We propose that intercultural interactions make status and hierarchical differences among individuals salient, thereby eliciting contempt; elicited contempt, in turn, has detrimental effects on cooperative behaviors. We tested this idea by reanalyzing the emotion data from the recent study described above. Non-U.S. interactants, who were from relatively higher Power Distance cultures compared with their U.S. cou...
Improved molecular diagnosis of patients with neonatal diabetes using a combined next-generation sequencing and MS-MLPA approach

BACKGROUND We evaluated a methylation-specific multiplex-ligation-dependent probe amplification (MS-MLPA) assay for the molecular diagnosis of transient neonatal diabetes mellitus (TNDM) caused by 6q24 abnormalities and assessed the clinical utility of using this assay in combination with next generation sequencing (NGS) analysis for diagnosing patients with neonatal diabetes (NDM). METHODS We performed MS-MLPA in 18 control samples and 42 retrospective NDM cases with normal bi-parental inheritance of chromosome 6. Next, we evaluated 22 prospective patients by combining NGS analysis of 11 NDM genes and the MS-MLPA assay. RESULTS 6q24 aberrations were identified in all controls and in 19% of patients with normal bi-parental inheritance of chromosome 6. The MS-MLPA/NGS combined approach identified a genetic cause in ~64% of patients with NDM of unknown etiology. CONCLUSIONS MS-MLPA is a reliable method to identify all known 6q24 abnormalities and comprehensive testing of all causes reveals a causal mutation in ~64% of patients.
From Peripheral Domination to Internal Colonialism: Socio-Political Change of the Lakota on Standing Rock

This paper discusses changing "national" identities of the Lakota and Dakota on Standing Rock, "Sioux" Indian Reservation, through an overview of the traditional Lakota, the United States, conceptual differences of Lakota Oyate with U.S. sovereign power, and political representations. Envelopment/incorporation of the Lakota are discussed as struggles over sovereignty and treaty rights leading to formation of the "Sioux Nation" and six separated Lakota-Sioux reservations. External national identities range from "Hostiles" alien labels to "Indians" ultimately as citizens. American citizenship is reviewed as both inclusion and dissolution, with the re-organization, political re-construction, and assimilation strategies of the United States. 20th century resistance and cultural domination are considered in the American Indian Movement as political resurgence.
Validation of Recruiter Personality Traits for Stress Resiliency

Recent research conducted with Army recruiters has classified recruiting as a high-risk occupation that includes consistently high levels of stress (Mullins & Fatkin, 2000). Research found that recruiters with high neuroticism scores perceived higher levels of job-related stress. The objective of the present study was to validate these previous findings and identify recruiter characteristics that contribute to recruiter stress and performance.Participants for the study included 55 recruiters. The Zuckerman Kuhlman Personality Questionnaire III-Revised (ZKPQ) was used to measure personality. The Multiple Affect Adjective CheckList - Revised (MAACL-R), Subjective Stress Scale, and Specific Rating of Events Scale were used to measure state levels of stress.A cluster analysis was performed with the five subscale measures of the ZKPQ resulting in a four-cluster solution: High Impulsivity-High Neuroticism, Low Impulsivity-High Neuroticism, Low Impulsivity-Low Neuroticism, and High Impulsivity-Low Neuroticism. S...
Evaluation of AASHTO T 324 Hamburg-Wheel Track Device test

Abstract The Hamburg Wheel-Track Device (HWTD) test has recently gained popularity among many state highway departments of transportation (DOTs) for use in hot mix asphalt (HMA) moisture sensitivity evaluation. In this paper, suggestions are presented to improve and provide more consistent and representative results for this test as described in AASHTO T 324 – Hamburg Wheel-Track Testing of Compacted Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA). In the AASHTO T 324 specification, either a cylindrical or a slab specimen can be tested. Use of a two-dimensional micromechanics finite element (2D-MMFE) analysis has demonstrated significant gap/bonding and specimen shape effects on HWTD test results for the cylindrical specimen setup. In addition, the analysis suggests the best method for defining the “rut depth” to ensure consistent results between two specimen setups. Results of this study have concluded that: (1) slab specimens can provide more reliable test results due to larger size and uniform geometry; (2) two cylindrical specimens (cores) should be glued together to prevent localized failure due to larger peak maximum principal strains when there is no bonding; (3) measurements of average rut depth should be collected from stations near the centers of cylindrical specimens to keep the specimen shape effects to the lowest possible level; and, (4) an agency should not allow both specimen setups to be used interchangeably in the HWTD specifications. The investigation also suggests that the average rut depth evolution curve fitted using a three-stage Weibull approach can define the number of passes to failure and define the stripping initiation point (SIP) better than the visually determined SIP.
Finite Element Simulations of Seismic Response of Precast Concrete Segmental Columns

For accelerated bridge construction, substructures are critical path elements of the schedule in many cases. In order to accelerate the construction of substructures, in particular, piers, precast concrete segmental columns (PCSC) has been used for a number of projects. However, their application in strong seismic regions is very limited because of lack of experience and knowledge. Recently, several analytical and experimental studies investigated the possibilities and the problems of PCSCs. It has been observed that the interface between segments experience opening-closing under cyclic loadings, which prevent the formation of plastic hinges at the intended bottom/top of the column. In this present study, a finite element analysis scheme is developed for analyses of PCSCs. The modeling requires accurate and robust characterization of concrete material, reinforcing steel, post-tensioning tendons, and segmental interfaces. Finite element analysis pushover results compared well with available experimental results. The finite element analysis scheme was extended to determine seismic characteristics of the system. Furthermore, seismic response of the structures subjected to earthquake ground motions is to be investigated based on nonlinear dynamic time-history analysis.
Long Term Disability in Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder Is Associated with Number of Relapses, MRI Lesion Length and Race (P4.150)

Objective: To determine what demographic, clinical and radiologic factors are predictors of long-term disability in NMOSD. Background: Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system that preferentially targets optic nerves and spinal cord leading to blindness and paralysis. Permanent damage from inflammatory attacks leads to increasing disability. Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of patients with NMOSD seen at the Johns Hopkins Hospital who met two inclusion criteria: 1. MRIs of the spinal cord and/or orbits with and without gadolinium contrast were obtained at the onset of relapses, and 2. Expanded disability scale scores (EDSS) could be obtained in a retrospective manner based on clinic notes. Factors that were considered as possible contributors to long term disability were annualized relapse rate, MRI lesion lengths, number of clinical relapses, disease duration, age at onset, sex, race and brain MRI pattern. Linear regression and Mann Whitney t-tests were used, as appropriate. Results: A total of 71 patients (90[percnt] female, 65[percnt] non-Caucasian, 100[percnt] anti-AQP4 seropositive) who met the 2015 NMOSD criteria were followed for an average of 9 years. Factors statistically associated with higher disability were: number of relapses (p = 0.0134), length of the longest T2 myelitis lesion (p = 0.0004) and non-Caucasian race (p = 0.0305). Disease duration, sex, age at onset and brain involvement were not associated with long term disability. Conclusions: Focusing on prevention of relapses and aggressively treating long myelitis lesions, as well as awareness of poorer outcomes in non-Caucasians, may improve long term disability in NMOSD. Disclosure: Dr. Mealy has nothing to disclose. Dr. Levy has received personal compensation for activities with Alexion, Guidepoint Global, and Genzyme. Dr. Levy has received research support from Acorda Therapeutics, Sanofi, Alexian, TG Therapeutics, and TerumoBCT.
Seasonal patterns in carbon dioxide in 15 mid-continent (USA) reservoirs

Evidence suggests that lakes are important sites for atmospheric CO 2 exchange and so play a substantial role in the global carbon budget. Previous research has 2 weaknesses: (1) most data have been collected only during the open-water or summer seasons, and (2) data are concentrated principally on natural lakes in northern latitudes. Here, we report on the full annual cycle of atmospheric CO 2 exchanges of 15 oligotrophic to eutrophic reservoirs in the Glacial Till Plains of the United States. With one exception, these reservoirs showed an overall loss of CO 2 during the year, with most values within the lower range reported for temperate lakes. There was a strong cross-system seasonal pattern: an average of 70% of total annual CO 2 efflux occurred by the end of spring mixis; some 20% of annual flux was reabsorbed during summer stratification; and the remaining 50% of efflux was lost during autumnal mixing. Net annual flux was negatively correlated with depth and positively correlated with both water residence time and DOC, with the smallest annual CO 2 efflux measured in shallow fertile impoundments. Strong correlations yield relationships allowing regional up-scaling of CO 2 evasion. Understanding lacustrine CO 2 uptake and evasion requires seasonal analyses across the full range of lake trophic states and morphometric attributes.
Ras Related Oncogene Protein as a Tumor Marker in Transitional Cell Carcinoma of the Bladder

Abstract An oncogene related protein has been detected in the urine of patients with transitional cell carcinoma (TCC). This is a 55 kilodalton protein (p55) which is immunologically related to the ras oncogene product p21. Sixteen patients with TCC (55%) and none of the controls exhibited high level of p55 expression (greater than or equal to 3× the level of background). There were ten cancer patients (35%) who had 2× the level of background and three patients (10%) who had the level of background. In contrast, there were two non-cancer patients with 2× level of expression (9%) and the remainder (91%) had the background level of p55 expression. The expression of the marker (p55) tends to correlate with tumor grade and stage and is elevated in patients with a history of multiple recurrences. The ras oncogene has been identified in the tissues of a wide variety of cancers and is not a marker which is specific for any single cancer. The identification of its related gene product in the urine may be useful as a marker for TCC.
Attitudes and solutions toward intimate partner violence: Immigrant Nigerian women speak:

In response to the incidents of intimate partner murders of immigrant Nigerian women in the USA in recent years, a sample of immigrant Nigerian women in Houston were invited in 2013 to engage in focus group discussions of ways to tackle intimate partner violence (IPV) in the immigrant Nigerian community. Findings reveal a fundamental relationship between patriarchal ideologies and the views of immigrant women from Nigeria. Immigrant Nigerian women are likely to interpret IPV and perceive solutions to it in patriarchal ideologies and practices held in their country of origin – an approach that endorses and reinforces IPV. Based on these findings, this article recognizes the need to make patriarchy salient in studies of IPV among immigrant communities from Africa. Further, the article recognizes the absence of adequate knowledge of IPV against immigrant Nigerian women and other immigrant African women, so that IPV risk and preventive factors for these immigrant groups may not be captured sufficiently in pol...
Detection of Optical Vortex Beams Using Plasmonic Metasurfaces

A design of plasmonic metasurfaces for the OAM detection is proposed, using the property that it can convert OAM to surface plasmon polaritons. The designed structure is an important starting point for developing a compact OAM detector.
Significance of venous thromboembolism in women with cervical cancer

Abstract Objective To characterize risk factors of venous thromboembolism (VTE) and to examine effects of VTE on survival of women with cervical cancer. Methods This is a retrospective study examining consecutive stage I–IV cervical cancer cases diagnosed between 2000 and 2014. Cumulative risk of VTE after cervical cancer diagnosis was evaluated by a time-dependent analysis, expressing adjusted-hazard ratio [HR] and 95% confidence interval [CI]. Survival analysis was performed to determine independent risk factors for progression-free survival (PFS) and disease-specific overall survival (OS). Results VTE was recorded in 98 (12.3%, 95%CI 11.6–22.8) out of 798 cases with 1-, 2-, and 5-year cumulative incidences after cervical cancer diagnosis being 8.4%, 11.3%, and 18.7%, respectively. On multivariable analysis, advanced-stage disease (2-year cumulative risk, distant metastatic disease 44.8% [HR 4.13, 95%CI 1.06–10.7, P =0.003], and locally-advanced disease 13.4% [HR 2.46, 95%CI 1.17–4.43, P =0.004]) were independently associated with increased risk of VTE compared to early-stage disease (stage IA1–IB1 4.1%). In addition, low albumin level (HR per unit change, 0.59, 95%CI 0.40–0.85, P =0.005) and chemotherapy treatment (HR 2.46, 95%CI 1.30–4.66, P =0.006) remained independent risk factors associated with increased risk of VTE. On univariate analysis, VTE was significantly associated with decreased PFS (5-year rates, 22.3% versus 68.7%, P versus 90.0%, P P P Conclusion VTE represents aggressive tumor behavior and poor patient condition, and is an independent prognostic factor for decreased survival in women with cervical cancer.
SU-F-P-01: Changing Your Oncology Information System: A Detailed Process and Lessons Learned

Purpose: Radiation Oncology departments are faced with many options for pairing their treatment machines with record and verify systems. Recently, there is a push to have a single-vendor-solution. In order to achieve this, the department must go through an intense and rigorous transition process. Our department has recently completed this process and now offer a detailed description of the process along with lessons learned. Methods: Our cancer center transitioned from a multi-vendor department to a single-vendor department over the 2015 calendar year. Our staff was partitioned off into superuser groups, an interface team, migration team, and go-live team. Six months after successful implementation, a detailed survey was sent to the radiation oncology department to determine areas for improvement as well as successes in the process. Results: The transition between record and verify systems was considered a complete success. The results of the survey did point out some areas for improving inefficiencies with our staff; both interactions between each other and the vendors. Conclusion: Though this process was intricate and lengthy, it can be made easier with careful planning and detailed designation of project responsibilities. Our survey results and retrospective analysis of the transition are valuable to those wishing to make this change.
Water in volcanic glass: From volcanic degassing to secondary hydration

Abstract Volcanic glass is deposited with trace amounts (0.1–0.6 wt.%) of undegassed magmatic water dissolved in the glass. After deposition, meteoric water penetrates into the glass structure mostly as molecular H2O. Due to the lower δD (‰) values of non-tropical meteoric waters and the ∼30‰ offset between volcanic glass and environmental water during hydration, secondary water imparts lighter hydrogen isotopic values during secondary hydration up to a saturation concentration of 3–4 wt.% H2O. We analyzed compositionally and globally diverse volcanic glass from 0 to 10 ka for their δD and H2Ot across different climatic zones, and thus different δD of precipitation, on a thermal conversion elemental analyzer (TCEA) furnace attached to a mass spectrometer. We find that tephrachronologically coeval rhyolite glass is hydrated faster than basaltic glass, and in the majority of glasses an increase in age and total water content leads to a decrease in δD (‰), while a few equatorial glasses have little change in δD (‰). We compute a magmatic water correction based on our non-hydrated glasses, and calculate an average 103lnαglass-water for our hydrated felsic glasses of −33‰, which is similar to the 103lnαglass-water determined by Friedman et al. (1993a) of −34‰. We also determine a smaller average 103lnαglass-water for all our mafic glasses of −23‰. We compare the δD values of water extracted from our glasses to local meteoric waters following the inclusion of a −33‰ 103lnαglass-water. We find that, following a correction for residual magmatic water based on an average δD and wt.% H2Ot of recently erupted ashes from our study, the δD value of water extracted from hydrated volcanic glass is, on average, within 4‰ of local meteoric water. To better understand the difference in hydration rates of mafic and felsic glasses, we imaged 6 tephra clasts ranging in age and chemical composition with BSE (by FEI SEM) down to a submicron resolution. Mafic tephra have more bubbles per unit area (25–77 mm−2) than felsic tephra (736 mm−2) and thicker average bubble walls (0.07 mm) than felsic tephra (0.02 mm). We use a simplified diffusion model to quantify the hydration rate of vesicular glass as a function of the diffusivity of water and the average bubble wall thickness. Based on fits to our hydration rate data, we estimate the initial low-temperature diffusivity at 0.1 wt.% H2Ot in volcanic glass (mafic and felsic) to be on the order of 10−3 to 10−4 μm2/year and find that differences in hydration rates between mafic and felsic tephra can be attributed primarily to differences in vesicularity, although slightly slower hydration of basalt cannot be precluded. We also observe no consistent temporal difference in secondary meteoric water uptake in wet versus dry and hot versus cold climates.
Measurement of the accurate mass of a 50 MDa infectious virus.

Rationale Bacteriophage P22 is believed to contain a total of 521 copies of 9 different proteins and a 41,724 base pair genome. Despite its enormous size and complexity, phage P22 can be electrosprayed, and it remains intact in ultra-high vacuum where its molar mass distribution has been measured. Methods Phage P22 virions were generated by complementation in Salmonella enterica and purified. They were transferred into 100 mM ammonium acetate and then electrosprayed. The masses of individual virions were determined using charge detection mass spectrometry. Results The stoichiometry of the protein components of phage P22 is sufficiently well known that the theoretical molar mass can be determined to within a narrow range. The measured average molar mass of phage P22, 52,180 ± 59 kDa, is consistent with the theoretical molar mass and supports the proposed stoichiometry of the components. The intrinsic width of the phage P22 mass distribution can be accounted for by the distribution of DNA packaged by the headful mechanism. Conclusions At over 50 MDa, phage P22 is the largest object with a well-defined molar mass to be analyzed by mass spectrometry. The narrow measured mass distribution indicates that the virions survive the transition into the gas phase intact. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Submarine Groundwater Discharge as a Source of Nutrients to the North Pacific and Arctic Coastal Ocean

Abstract Primary productivity in both the Arctic Ocean and the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) is nitrogen limited in the summer when light limitation is relieved, and stratification in the GOA inhibits nutrient fluxes from deep water sources. Concentrations of nutrients and trace metals in these regions are higher closer to shore, and thus rivers have been attributed as the primary coastal source of nutrients and trace metals. Here we evaluate the role of Submarine Groundwater Discharge (SGD), a previously unquantified source of nutrients and trace metals to the coastal Arctic Ocean and GOA. SGD is an especially enriched in nitrate relative to other nutrients, contributing 1.2 ± 0.4 mol NO 3 day − 1 m − 1 of shoreline of the Arctic Ocean. In the GOA, both SGD-associated nitrate flux (4.3 ± 2.1 NO 3 day − 1 m − 1 of shoreline) and silicate flux (13 ± 6 SiO 4 day − 1 m − 1 of shoreline), are substantial when compared to other external nutrient sources. Conservative extrapolations indicate overall SGD supplies more nitrate (1.5–17.5 times) to the GOA than rivers.
Imagining a Trans* Epistemology: What Liberation Thinks Like in Postsecondary Education:

Postsecondary institutions of education, similar to the broader society in which they are embedded, are steeped in and further trans* oppression. In addition, the knowledge produced at these instit...
Addressing End-of-Life Issues in Older Patients with Lung Disease

Lung diseases are a source of significant morbidity and mortality and make up a sizeable percentage of life-limiting diseases. Globally, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the fifth leading cause of mortality [1]. Tobacco, the leading cause of COPD, is projected to be the cause of 10% of all deaths worldwide by 2015 [1]. In the USA, chronic lower respiratory tract diseases are the fourth leading cause of death, responsible for over 127,000 deaths in the USA in 2007, and represent the only leading cause of death that is increasing [2].
Combining weighted adaptive CS-LBP and local linear discriminant projection for gait recognition

With the increasing demands of the remote surveillance system, the gait based personal identification research has obtained more and more attention from biometric recognition researchers. The gait sequence is easier to be affected by factors than other biometric feathers. In order to achieve better performance of the gait based identification system, in the paper, a local discriminant gait recognition method is proposed by integrating weighted adaptive center symmetric local binary pattern (WACS-LBP) with local linear discriminate projection (LLDP). The proposed method consists of two stages. In the first stage, the robust local weighted histogram feature vector is extracted from each gait image by WACS-LBP. In the second stage, the dimensionality of the extracted feature vector is reduced by LLDP. The highlights of the proposed method are (1) the extracted feature is robust to rotation invariant, and is also tolerant to illumination and pose changes; (2) the low dimensional feature vector reduced by LLDP can preserve the discriminating ability; and (3) the small-sample-size (SSS) problem is avoided naturally. The proposed method is validated and compared with the existing algorithms on a public gait database. The experimental results show that the proposed method is not only effective, but also can be clearly interpreted.
Total Survey Error and Respondent Driven Sampling: Focus on Nonresponse and Measurement Errors in the Recruitment Process and the Network Size Reports and Implications for Inferences

This study attempted to integrate key assumptions in Respondent-Driven Sampling (RDS) into the Total Survey Error (TSE) perspectives and examine TSE as a new framework for a systematic assessment of RDS errors. Using two publicly available data sets on HIV-at-risk persons, nonresponse error in the RDS recruitment process and measurement error in network size reports were examined. On nonresponse, the ascertained partial nonresponse rate was high, and a substantial proportion of recruitment chains died early. Moreover, nonresponse occurred systematically: recruiters with lower income and higher health risks generated more recruits; and peers of closer relationships were more likely to accept recruitment coupons. This suggests a lack of randomness in the recruitment process, also shown through sizable intra-chain correlation. Self-reported network sizes suggested measurement error, given their wide dispersion and unreasonable reports. This measurement error has further implications for the current RDS estimators, which use network sizes as an adjustment factor on the assumption of a positive relationship between network sizes and selection probabilities in recruitment. The adjustment resulted in nontrivial unequal weighting effects and changed estimates in directions that were difficult to explain and, at times, illogical. Moreover, recruiters’ network size played no role in actual recruitment. TSE may serve as a tool for evaluating errors in RDS, which further informs study design decisions and inference approaches.
A locally optimal algorithm for estimating a generating partition from an observed time series

Estimation of a generating partition is critical for symbolization of measurements from discrete-time dynamical systems, where a sequence of symbols from a (finite-cardinality) alphabet uniquely specifies the underlying time series. Such symbolization is useful for computing measures (e.g., Kolmogorov-Sinai entropy) to characterize the (possibly unknown) dynamical system. It is also useful for time series classification and anomaly detection. Previous work attemps to minimize a clustering objective function that measures discrepancy between a set of reconstruction values and the points from the time series. Unfortunately, the resulting algorithm is non-convergent, with no guarantee of finding even locally optimal solutions. The problem is a heuristic “nearest neighbor” symbol assignment step. Alternatively, we introduce a new, locally optimal algorithm. We apply iterative “nearest neighbor” symbol assignments with guaranteed discrepancy descent, by which joint, locally optimal symbolization of the time series is achieved. While some approaches use vector quantization to partition the state space, our approach only ensures a partition in the space consisting of the entire time series (effectively, clustering in an infinite-dimensional space). Our approach also amounts to a novel type of sliding block lossy source coding. We demonstrate improvement, with respect to several measures, over a popular method used in the literature.