cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Wearable Sensor for Unobtrusive, Long-Term Assessment of Electrodermal Activity

Electrodermal activity (EDA) is a sensitive index of sympathetic nervous system activity. Due to the lack of sensors that can be worn comfortably during normal daily activity and over extensive periods of time, research in this area is limited to laboratory settings or artificial clinical environments. We developed a novel, unobtrusive, nonstigmatizing, wrist-worn integrated sensor, and present, for the very first time, a demonstration of long-term, continuous assessment of EDA outside of a laboratory setting. We evaluated the performance of our device against a Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved system for the measurement of EDA during physical, cognitive, as well as emotional stressors at both palmar and distal forearm sites, and found high correlations across all the tests. We also evaluated the choice of electrode material by comparing conductive fabric with Ag/AgCl electrodes and discuss the limitations found. An important result presented in this paper is evidence that the distal forearm is a viable alternative to the traditional palmar sites for EDA measurements. Our device offers the unprecedented ability to perform comfortable, long-term, and in situ assessment of EDA. This paper opens up opportunities for future investigations that were previously not feasible, and could have far-reaching implications for diagnosis and understanding of psychological or neurological conditions.
Stimulus range and discontinuity effects on information-integration category learning and generalization

Two studies are reported that support the hypothesis that categories that require a multiple-unit, as opposed to a single-unit, representation lead to worse initial acquisition but better generalization. On the basis of the constraints imposed by the procedural-based learning system thought to mediate information-integration categorization, we argue that the need to train multiple units during initial category acquisition slows the procedural-based category learning process and adversely affects learning performance. However, we speculate that better generalization occurs because of the increased likelihood that a novel stimulus will activate at least one of the multiple units needed to represent the category. Relations to other findings in the literature and the implications of this work for training and clinical assessment are discussed.
Activation of Platelet gpIIbIIIa by Phospholipase C from Clostridium perfringens Involves Store-Operated Calcium Entry

Clostridium perfringens gas gangrene is characterized by rapid tissue destruction, and amputation remains the single best treatment. Previous studies have demonstrated that tissue destruction follows C. perfringens phospholipase C (PLC)-induced, platelet gpIIbIIIa-mediated formation of occlusive intravascular platelet/leukocyte aggregates. In this study, the intracellular signaling events leading to activation of gpIIbIIIa by PLC were investigated. PLC activated surface expressed gpIIbIIIa and mobilized gpIIbIIIa from internal stores. Chelation of intracellular calcium or inhibition of store-operated calcium entry each blocked PLC-induced activation of gpIIbIIIa, whereas inhibition of protein kinase C was without effect. Thus, PLC initiates an "inside-out" signaling cascade that begins with depletion of internal calcium stores, is sustained by an influx of calcium through store-sensitive channels, and culminates in the functional activation of gpIIbIIIa. These findings suggest that calcium-channel blockade and strategies targeting gpIIbIIIa may prevent vascular occlusion, maintain tissue viability, and provide an alternative to radical amputation for patients with gas gangrene.
Liberal Internationalism 3.0: America and the Dilemmas of Liberal World Order

Liberal international order - both its ideas and real-world political formations - is not embodied in a fixed set of principles or practices. Open markets, international institutions, cooperative security, democratic community, progressive change, collective prob- lem solving, the rule of law - these are aspects of the liberal vision that have made appearances in various combinations and changing ways over the last century. I argue that it is possible to identify three versions or models of liberal international order - versions 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0. The first is associated with the ideas of Woodrow Wilson, the second is the Cold War liberal internationalism of the post- 1945 decades, and the third version is a sort of post-hegemonic liberal internationalism that has only partially appeared and whose full shape and logic is still uncertain. I develop a set of dimensions that allow for identifying different logics of liberal inter- national order and identify variables that will shape the movement from liberal internationalism 2.0 to 3.0.
Multi agent system for network attack classification using flow-based intrusion detection

Intrusion Detection (ID) is essential for protecting contemporary computer networks from a range of threats. Modern ID techniques must cope with increasingly sophisticated attacks as well as rapidly rising network line speeds. Signature-based ID is forced to sample sparsely, increasing the likelihood of malicious traffic entering the network without scrutiny. Consequently, flow-based ID is gaining attention as an effective complement. ID systems are furthermore often characterized as either network-based or host-based. The autonomous multi agent design paradigm is a scalable, attractive alternative for its potential to leverage the strengths of both architectures: the broad perspective and visibility into distributed malicious activity provided by network-based ID, and the comprehensive view of the local node provided by host-based ID. This paper therefore develops an architecture for a new multi agent, flow-based intrusion detection sysem. The architecture is designed in two iterations of increasing complexity. These innovative ID designs use a “repuation” system to permit agents to dynamically find nodes that are most effective for classifying malicious network activity. Furthermore, each system design includes the development of an innovative classifier that uses multi objective evolutionary algorithms to aid in the search for effective operational parameter values. Evaluation using an extensive agent simulation framework highlights the conditions under which the reputation system provides a significant classification benefit.
SALT EFFECTS ON SWARMERS OF DUNALIELLA VIRIDIS TEOD

1. Dunaliella viridis Teodoresco thrives equally well in solutions of NaCl 1 to 4 mol and pH 6 to 9. 2. The organism is sensitive to calcium and magnesium, especially in acid medium. 3. Calcium and magnesium are antagonistic. In a molar solution of NaCl the antagonistic relation Mg:Ca is 4 to 5. In a 4 molar solution of NaCl the proportion becomes many times as great (20:1). 4. Although the strains used in this investigation did not occur in sea water concentrates, the increase in the antagonistic ratio Mg:Ca in which they can live closely paralleled the changes in this ratio which take place when sea water evaporates. 5. The other organisms which occurred in the cultures each show a specific relation to Ca and Mg. 6. The size of the cells of Dunaliella does not decrease with increasing NaCl content.
Yes, Talking!: Organizing the Classroom to Promote Second Language Acquisition

Recent research into the processes of children's first and second language development has yielded a number of insights which have been combined to create the communicative language teaching model. This model should be useful to English as a second language (ESL) teachers, both in planning their own instruction and in advising the increasing numbers of regular classroom teachers with limited English-speaking (LES) students in their classes. This article summarizes the central assumptions of the communicative language teaching model and specifies the potential difficulties that regular classroom teachers may face in adopting it. It then presents seven criteria to be used in organizing communicative classrooms and describes specific applications of these criteria to decisions about organizing classroom interaction and the physical environment.
Biceps Brachii Compartment Contrast Media Extravasation with Surgical Correlation

We describe a case in which 120 ml of contrast media was extravasated into the biceps brachii compartment with a power injector during the course of an attempted CT angiogram. The patient underwent surgical fasciotomy and drainage. The radiographic appearance and clinical implications of this event are discussed.
Triage for Out-of-Office Blood Pressure

See related article, pp 941–950 Around the globe, hypertension is the major cause of fatal and nonfatal cardiac, neurological, vascular and renal disease. Hypertension is treatable; the treatment works. How are these facts to be applied across the spectrum of economies and healthcare delivery systems from highly developed nations to low- and middle-income countries? Even within the developed nations, there are subpopulations with limited healthcare resources.1 Recent guidelines have recommended that the various diagnoses for hypertension be defined by results of 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM). This recommendation is based on compelling evidence from long-term prospective surveys relating the results of ABPM to event rates for cardiovascular disease, stroke, and renal disease. Home blood pressure monitoring is still an improvement compared with casual office measurements for defining white coat hypertension (WCH) and Masked hypertension (MH). ABPM remains the domain of hypertension specialists; it requires equipment, software, trained technicians, and the fiscal resources that limit its use to a small fraction of the hypertensive population even in highly developed nations. Home blood pressure monitoring is used more widely with devices easily purchased at reasonable prices.2 HPBM can be linked to telemedicine strategies for surveillance that can reduce office visits for those who have telephones (preferably smart phones or home computers).3 However, a more accurate office-based strategy to minimize the demand for out-of-office testing could prove valuable, and one such strategy is described in this issue of Hypertension .4 Consider the usual detection …
Estimates of maturing rates and masses at maturity for body components of sheep

Weight data for fleece-free empty body, carcass and offal components, and their chemical constituents (protein, water, lipid, and ash) were collected via serial slaughter techniques. Rams sired by a sheep breed of high genetic merit for growth were slaughtered from birth through 48 mo of age. Approxi- mately six rams were killed at each of 13 slaughter ages. The data were fit with a nonlinear function Yt = A( 1 - Be-kt) to provide estimates of rates of maturing (k) and weight at maturity (A) for components of interest. Except for the testes, all tissues met the convergence criterion. The proportion of offal compo- nents relative to empty BW was greatest at birth and steadily declined after this time. Rates of maturing for visceral organs (except for the heart) and the protein constituent of the offal were of greater magnitude than the carcass and nonprotein constituents of both the offal and carcass. Estimated maturing rate and weight at maturity for lipid of the carcass exceeded corresponding estimates of the offal lipid. Evidence was provided suggesting that the developmental patterns of body components may be established by functional demand.
Alphavirus Encephalomyelitis: Mechanisms and Approaches to Prevention of Neuronal Damage

Mosquito-borne viruses are important causes of death and long-term neurologic disability due to encephalomyelitis. Studies of mice infected with the alphavirus Sindbis virus have shown that outcome is dependent on the age and genetic background of the mouse and virulence of the infecting virus. Age-dependent susceptibility reflects the acquisition by neurons of resistance to virus replication and virus-induced cell death with maturation. In mature mice, the populations of neurons most susceptible to infection are in the hippocampus and anterior horn of the spinal cord. Hippocampal infection leads to long-term memory deficits in mice that survive, while motor neuron infection can lead to paralysis and death. Neuronal death is immune-mediated, rather than a direct consequence of virus infection, and associated with entry and differentiation of pathogenic T helper 17 cells in the nervous system. To modulate glutamate excitotoxicity, mice were treated with an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist, α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid receptor antagonists or a glutamine antagonist. The N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist MK-801 protected hippocampal neurons but not motor neurons, and mice still became paralyzed and died. α-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid receptor antagonists GYKI-52466 and talampanel protected both hippocampal and motor neurons and prevented paralysis and death. Glutamine antagonist 6-diazo-5-l-norleucine protected hippocampal neurons and improved memory generation in mice surviving infection with an avirulent virus. Surprisingly, in all cases protection was associated with inhibition of the antiviral immune response, reduced entry of inflammatory cells into the central nervous system, and delayed virus clearance, emphasizing the importance of treatment approaches that include prevention of immunopathologic damage.
Partitioning of External and Internal Bacteria Carried by Broiler Chickens before Processing

Broiler chickens from the loading dock of a commercial processing plant were sampled to determine the incidence and counts of coliforms, Escherichia coli, and pathogenic bacteria. Feathers were removed by hand from ten 6-week-old chickens from each of seven different flocks and rinsed in 400 ml of 0.1% peptone water. Heads and feet were removed and rinsed, and the picked carcass was also rinsed, each in 200 ml. The ceca, colon, and crop were aseptically removed and stomached separately in 100 ml of peptone water. Campylobacter was present in six of the seven flocks. Salmonella was isolated from 50 of the 70 carcasses, with at least 2 positive carcasses in each flock, and five-tube most-probable-number (MPN) assays were performed on positive samples. Significantly (P < 0.05) more coliforms and E. coli were found in the ceca than in the feathers, which in turn carried more than the other samples, but total external and internal counts were roughly equivalent. Counts of Campylobacter were higher in the ceca and colon than in the other samples. Salmonella was isolated in external samples from 46 of the 50 positive carcasses compared with 26 positive internal samples or 17 positives in the ceca alone. The total MPN of Salmonella was approximately equivalent in all samples, indicating that contamination was distributed through all external and internal sampling locations. Salmonella-positive samples did not carry higher counts of coliforms or E. coli, and there were no significant correlations between the indicators and pathogens in any sample. Campylobacter numbers in the ceca were correlated with Campylobacter numbers in the feathers and colon, but Salmonella numbers in those samples were not correlated. The pattern of bacterial contamination before processing is complex and highly variable.
Comparison of Prostaglandin F2α and Two Potent Analogues for Synchronizing Estrus in Dairy Heifers

Abstract Cyclic dairy heifers (n = 84) were used to compare three different prostaglandin preparations for synchronizing estrus. Animals were first synchronized with norgestomet treatment. When animals reached days 10 to 12 of the treatment cycle (day 0 = estrus), animals were randomly allotted across prostaglandin treatment groups for each day of their estrous cycle. Heifers in Group I received 25 mg of prostaglandin F 2α (Lm.), Group II received .5 mg of cloprostenol (i.m.), and Group III received 1 mg fenprostalene (s.q.). Heifers were then continually monitored for estrual behavior for 7 d. Following norgestomet removal, 88% of the animals exhibited estrus with a mean interval from implant removal to estrus of 45 h. A total of 89, 92 and 78% of the heifers exhibited estrus following prostaglandin F 2α (PGF 2α ), cloprostenol (CLO), and fenprostalene (FEN) treatments, respectively. The time from injection to estrus for PGF 2α , CLO, and FEN was 74, 70, and 70 h, respectively. There was a significant decrease in the number of animals that exhibited estrus (P 2α and CLO treatments.
INVITED REVIEW: USING THEORY AND BASIC RESEARCH TO TARGET PRIMARY PREVENTION PROGRAMS: RECENT DEVELOPMENTS AND FUTURE PROSPECTS

This paper is concerned with recent attempts within the field of primary prevention to use theory and basic research to develop intervention programs. It starts by reviewing a number of recent large scale studies based upon the dominant theoretical perspective within this field — the social influences model. It argues that the results of such evaluations suggest that a ‘universal’ prevention strategy (i.e. one aimed in an undifferentiated manner at all individuals within a given population) is out of touch with our current knowledge concerning the etiological processes underlying substance use and misuse. As an alternative, it is suggested that prevention programs be developed according to a number of ‘specific’ strategies (i.e. ones targeted at vulnerable subgroups within larger populations). The rationale underlying this approach, as well as a number of theoretical models upon which such interventions might be developed, is then outlined.
Introduction to the Setting

This chapter contains a short introduction to the concept of weak solutions for partial differential equations of second order in divergence form. We motivate some elementary assumptions (concerning measurability, growth and ellipticity) and then comment on the connection to the minimization of variational functionals, via the Euler–Lagrange formalism.
THE WAY I SEE IT: Diversity: It’s not just the right thing to do

Le personnel des bibliotheques doit ressembler aux communautes qu'elles servent, c'est pourquoi il est important de mettre en place des programmes de recrutement fondes sur la diversite. Les initiatives engagees dans differentes bibliotheques et universites americaines, notamment en faveur des Afro-Americains, illustrent les avantages a recruter et a maintenir des candidats issus de groupes ethniques trop souvent sous-representes sur le marche du travail.
Reorientation of the Stripe Phase of 2D Electrons by a Minute Density Modulation.

Interacting two-dimensional electrons confined in a GaAs quantum well exhibit isotropic transport when the Fermi level resides in the first excited ($N=1$) Landau level. Adding an in-plane magnetic field (${B}_{||}$) typically leads to an anisotropic, stripelike (nematic) phase of electrons with the stripes oriented perpendicular to the ${B}_{||}$ direction. Our experimental data reveal how a periodic density modulation, induced by a surface strain grating from strips of negative electron-beam resist, competes against the ${B}_{||}$-induced orientational order of the stripe phase. Even a minute ($l0.25%$) density modulation is sufficient to reorient the stripes along the direction of the surface grating.
Nurturance Toughens and Neglect Weakens

Unlike the chapters of Part II that were somewhat on the dark side, the first part of this chapter has a more “Midsummer-Night’s-Dream” feeling to it. In this chapter I introduce the oxytocin affection system—a system of hormones, neuromodulators, neurotransmitters, and their receptors. On the one hand, the oxytocin affection system is evoked by engaging in activities of affiliation, affection, attachment, and love, and on the other hand, the oxytocin affection system motivates those activities.
Scalable Crowd Ideation Support through Data Visualization, Mining, and Structured Workflows

As the size of innovation communities increases, methods of supporting their creativity need to scale as well. Our research proposes the integration of three scalable techniques into a crowd ideation system: 1) data visualization, 2) structured microtask workflows, and 3) data mining, with the goal of supporting users in convergent and divergent ideation processes. In addition, these techniques do not work in isolation, but instead support each other. Our vision is to create a system that intelligently supports users' ideation in a crowd context while maintaining their agency and facilitating exploration and decision-making.
A perspective on malignancy in the marrow.

Malignancies that grow in the bone marrow cause a cascade of devastating consequences and are almost always fatal. For researchers to make significant headway in finding cures and treatments for these tumors and the subsequent devastation of cancer-induced bone disease, novel strategies and creative solutions will have to be considered. Great progress has been made in treating hematologic and sold tumor malignancies that ultimately affect the bone marrow, although it is also obvious that multi-disciplinary teams are required to ultimately win the war on cancers that affect the bone. In this perspective, we review recent advances in the identification of molecular and cellular targets in the bone marrow niche. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
Increased mean platelet volume in children with sepsis as a predictor of mortality.

Our aim is to investigate the correlation between the mean platelet volume (MPV) levels and platelet counts of the septic children with 28-day mortality risk. MPV at admission (MPV adm ), MPV at 72 nd hour (MPV 72h ) and the difference between these two parameters (ΔMPV 72h-adm ) and platelet counts were recorded retrospectively. The control group consisted of 100 healthy children matched for age, gender, and ethnicity. One hundred eighty six children were enrolled into the study. The study group had significant higher MPV values than those of control group. There were 156 survivors and 32 nonsurvivors in study group with a mortality rate of 17%. Nonsurvivors had significantly higher MPV adm (p: 0.001), MPV 72h (p: 0.001), ΔMPV 72h-adm (p 72h (OR 4.23), ΔMPV 72h-adm (OR 6.4), platelet count (OR 7.3), and need for mechanical ventilation support (OR 9.76) had significant effect on 28-day mortality risk at logistic regression analysis. At the receiver operating characteristic analysis (ROC) the cutoff values for MPV adm , MPV 72h , and ΔMPV 72h-adm were found to be 9 fL, 9.86 fL, and 0.79, respectively. Kaplan-Meier analysis and log-rank test proved that these cutoff values were significantly associated with the time of survival. Septic children who had high MPV levels at admission and whose MPV levels increased during follow up had higher risk of mortality. With the results of further researches targetting large groups of pediatric patients, MPV adm , MPV 72h , and ΔMPV 72h-adm values can be fast and reliable markers for early diagnosis of sepsis and mortality prediction.
Defect Levels Controlling the Behavior of NTD Silicon During Annealing

The variation of the resistivity and minority carrier lifetime has been examined during the annealing of neutron transmutation doped silicon. During each annealing step deep level transient spectroscopy has also been used to detect the presence of deep lying energy levels within the silicon energy gap. By the use of both p- and n- type crystals with doping levels higher than the phosphorus concentration created by the neutron transmutation process, deep levels lying in both the upper and lower half of the energy gap have been measured.
Demonstration of a competence-enhancing factor in supernatants of Neisseria gonorrhoeae F62 type T1.

Abstract Evidence is presented for the existance of a competence-enhancing factor (CEF) in the supernatants obtained from competent N. gonorrhoeae F62, type T1 cell populations. The factor restores competence for transformation to T1 cells that have undergone a one thousand-fold decrease in transformability as a result of being washed. Fresh broth partially restores competence to washed cells. CEF is destroyed upon exposure to trypsin, heat or membrane filtration. The ability of supernatant to enhance competence is inhibited in the presence of chloramphenicol.
E-Cadherin Loss Accelerates Tumor Progression and Metastasis in a Mouse Model of Lung Adenocarcinoma

Metastatic disease is the primary cause of death of patients with lung cancer, but the mouse models of lung adenocarcinoma do not accurately recapitulate the tumor microenvironment or metastatic disease observed in patients. In this study, we conditionally deleted E-cadherin in an autochthonous lung adenocarcinoma mouse model driven by activated oncogenic Kras and p53 loss. Loss of E-cadherin significantly accelerated lung adenocarcinoma progression and decreased survival of the mice. Kras;p53;E-cadherin mice had a 41% lung tumor burden, invasive grade 4 tumors, and a desmoplastic stroma just 8 weeks after tumor initiation. One hundred percent of the mice developed local metastases to the lymph nodes or chest wall, and 38% developed distant metastases to the liver or kidney. Lung adenocarcinoma cancer cell lines derived from these tumors also had high migratory rates. These studies demonstrate that the Kras;p53;E-cadherin mouse model better emulates the tumor microenvironment and metastases observed in patients with lung adenocarcinoma than previous models and may therefore be useful for studying metastasis and testing new lung cancer treatments in vivo.
Fiber Intake and Insulin Resistance in 6374 Adults: The Role of Abdominal Obesity

A cross-sectional design was used to evaluate the relationship between fiber intake and insulin resistance, indexed using HOMA (homeostatic model assessment), in a National Health and Nutrition Examination Study (NHANES) sample of 6374 U.S. adults. Another purpose was to test the influence of covariates on the association. A third aim was to compare HOMA levels between two groups based on the recommended intake of 14 g of fiber per 1000 kilocalories (kcal). Fiber intake was measured using a 24-h recall. With demographic variables controlled, results showed that HOMA differed across High, Moderate, and Low fiber categories (F = 5.4, p = 0.0072). Adjusting for the demographic variables, the possible misreporting of energy intake, smoking, and physical activity strengthened the relationship (F = 8.0, p = 0.0009), which remained significant after adjusting for body fat (F = 7.0, p = 0.0019) and body mass index (BMI) (F = 4.9, p = 0.0108), with the other covariates. However, the fiber–HOMA relationship was eliminated after adjusting for waist circumference (F = 2.3, p = 0.1050). Dividing participants based on the recommended 14-g standard resulted in meaningful HOMA differences (F = 16.4, p = 0.0002), and the association was not eliminated after controlling for waist circumference. Apparently, adults with high fiber consumption have less insulin resistance than their counterparts. However, much of the association is due to differences in waist circumference, unless the recommended intake of fiber is attained.
Temporal factors in motor-vehicle crash deaths: Ten years later.

Abstract Objective To assess trends in traffic fatalities on several temporal scales: year to year, by month, by day of week, and by time of day, to determine why some times correspond with higher rates of crash deaths, and to assess how these trends relate to age, the role of the deceased, and alcohol consumption. Method Traffic fatalities were identified using the Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) for 1998 through 2014 and assessed for their time of occurrence. Three days that, on average, contained particularly high numbers of crash deaths were then assessed in greater detail, considering the age of the deceased, role of the deceased (vehicle occupant, bicyclist, motorcyclist, or pedestrian), and the blood alcohol content of either the driver (for passenger vehicle occupants) or the deceased. Results Annual crash fatality totals were much lower in 2014 than in 1998, but the decrease was not steady; a marked drop in crash deaths occurred after 2007 and continued until 2014. On average the most fatalities per day occurred in July and August (116 per day), followed closely by June, September, and October. During the week, the greatest number of fatalities on average occur on weekend days, and during the day the most fatalities tend to occur between the hours of 3 p.m. and 7 p.m. Holidays like Independence Day and New Year's Day show elevated crash fatalities, and a greater percentage of these crashes involved alcohol, when compared with adjacent days. Conclusion Certain days and times of year stand out as posing an elevated crash risk, and even with the decrease in average daily fatalities over the past decade, these days and times of year have remained consistent. Practical application These results indicate focused areas for continued efforts to reduce fatal crashes.
Technological Collaboration and Nuclear Proliferation: A Transnational Approach

Fifteen years ago Scott Sagan called upon scholars to enrich realism’s balance-of-power model explaining a state’s quest for survival in the cold war by opening the black box of national nuclear decision-making. This paper exhorts us to go further, and to break the walls of the national container that dominates realist models of security. Focusing on knowledge, it takes a transnational approach to the circulation of science and technology between states confronted by a common nuclear threat. In particular, it analyzes how the United States used its preponderance of scientific and technological knowledge/power after WWII as a political lever to shape the research trajectories of its Western European allies in line with its definition of the security needs of the ‘free world,’ so restricting the scope of their nuclear survival strategies.
Can expressivism have it all

Quasi-realist expressivists (or simply “expressivists”) set themselves the task of developing a metaethical theory that at once captures what they call the “realist-sounding” elements of ordinary moral thought and discourse but is also distinctively antirealist. Its critics have long suspected that the position cannot have what it wants. In this essay, I develop this suspicion. I do so by distinguishing two paradigmatic versions of the view—what I call Thin and Thick expressivism respectively. I contend that there is a metaethical datum regarding our epistemic achievements in the moral domain that presents challenges for each variety of expressivism. Thin expressivism opts not to accommodate and explain this datum but I contend that its rationale for not doing so rests on a suspect methodology. Thick expressivism looks as if it must accommodate and explain this datum but I argue that it is poorly situated to do so. I conclude that we have reason to believe that paradigmatic expressivism cannot have all that it wants.
Evidence that fibrin alpha-chain RGDX sequences are not required for platelet adhesion in flowing whole blood.

The role of the RGDX putative receptor-recognition sites, which are present on the alpha chains of fibrin, in promoting platelet adhesion has been examined in flowing whole blood using the rectangular perfusion chamber at wall shear rates of 340 and 1,600/s. Platelets adhered to a comparable extent to surfaces coated with native fibrin and surfaces coated with fragment X-fibrin, a product of limited fibrinolysis that lacks the RGDS sites normally present at positions 572 to 575 of the alpha chains. The strengths of these adhesive interactions were comparable based on the concentrations of the antiadhesive peptide D-RGDW required to block platelet deposition to native and fragment X-fibrin at both low and high wall shear rate. Blocking either or both RGDX sequences with peptide-specific monoclonal antibodies did not inhibit platelet deposition in perfusion experiments performed with normal blood at 340/s, indicating that neither RGD motif is required for adhesion. However, adhesion was partly inhibited by anti-RGDX antibodies when perfusions were performed with blood from an afibrinogenemic patient, suggesting the RGDX sequences may play a limited role in platelet deposition. Exposure of fibrin surfaces to plasminogen/tissue-type plasminogen activator did cause a time- dependent loss of adhesiveness, but this effect was only weakly correlated with proteolysis of the fibrin alpha chains. These observations provide evidence that neither RGDX sequence is required for platelets to adhere avidly to fibrin in flowing blood. These results further suggest that incomplete fibrinolysis yields a highly thrombogenic surface.
Antibacterial Use Is Associated with an Increased Risk of Hematologic and Gastrointestinal Adverse Events in Patients Treated with Gemcitabine for Stage IV Pancreatic Cancer.

Background Preclinical evidence has demonstrated that common intratumor bacteria metabolize the chemotherapeutic drug gemcitabine. The significance of this bacterial metabolism pathway, relative to the known metabolic pathways by host enzymes, is not known. We hypothesized that bacterial metabolism is clinically significant and that "knockdown" by antibacterial therapy has the unintended effect of increasing the effective dose of gemcitabine, thereby increasing the risk for gemcitabine-associated toxicities. Materials and methods We reanalyzed the comparator arm of the MPACT trial (NCT01442974), made available through Project Data Sphere, LLC (CEO Roundtable on Cancer's Life Sciences Consortium, Cary, NC; www.projectdatasphere.org). In this arm, 430 patients with metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma were treated with gemcitabine. We used the Anderson-Gill survival model to compare the risk of developing an adverse event after antibacterial prescription with time unexposed to antibacterials. Adverse events of grade 3 and greater were considered at three levels of granularity: all aggregated into one endpoint, aggregated by class, and taken individually. Antibiotic exposures were analyzed in aggregate as well as by class. Results Antibacterial exposure was associated with an increased risk of adverse events (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.77; confidence interval [CI]: 1.46-2.14), any hematologic adverse event (HR: 1.64; CI: 1.26-2.13), and any gastrointestinal adverse event (HR: 2.14; CI: 1.12-4.10) but not a constitutional (HR: 1.33; CI: 0.611-2.90) or hepatologic adverse event (HR: 0.99; CI: 0.363-2.71). Among specific adverse events, antibacterial exposure was associated with an increased risk of anemia (HR: 3.16; CI: 1.59-6.27), thrombocytopenia (HR: 2.52; CI: 1.31-4.85), leukopenia (HR: 3.91; CI: 1.46-10.5), and neutropenia (HR: 1.53; CI: 1.07-2.17) but not any other specific adverse events. Conclusion Antibacterial exposure was associated with an increased risk of gemcitabine-associated, dose-limiting adverse events, including aggregate hematologic and gastrointestinal events, as well as four specific hematologic adverse events, suggesting that intratumor bacteria may be responsible for a clinically significant portion of gemcitabine metabolism. Alternative avenues of evidence will be necessary to confirm this preliminary finding and assess its generalizability. There is plentiful opportunity for similar analyses on other clinical trial data sets, where gemcitabine or other biomimetic small molecules were used. Implications for practice Patients treated with gemcitabine for metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma have an increased rate of gemcitabine-associated toxicity during and after antibiotic therapy. This observation is consistent with preclinical evidence that intratumor bacteria metabolize gemcitabine to an inactive form. Further research is needed to determine whether this observation merits any changes in clinical practice.
A Tool for Compliance and Depth of Defense Metrics

Abstract : This project developed a software tool NP-View that analyzes the configuration files of firewalls and routers to determine the connectivity that is permitted, and identify connections that violate global policy. It uses the discovered connectivity as a basis for computing metrics that address the degree to which the network is resilient to stepping-stone attacks. Features of the tool were strongly influenced by the results of pilot studies we performed with potential users.
TowardMoisture-Stable and Dendrite-Free Garnet-TypeSolid-State Electrolytes

All-solid-state batteries using garnet-type solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) are promising candidates for safe, high energy density batteries due to their wide electrochemical stability window, high...
Time-varying survival effects for squamous cell carcinomas at oropharyngeal and nonoropharyngeal head and neck sites in the United States, 1973-2015

BACKGROUND Anatomical site is strongly associated with head and neck cancer etiology, and etiology and patient sociodemographic characteristics are prognostic factors for survival. It is not known whether the effects of these predictors persist over the postdiagnosis period or are strongest proximal to the time of diagnosis. METHODS Using survival times and causes of death for 180,434 patients with head and neck cancer in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results cancer registry (1973-2015), the empirical cumulative incidences of cancer-specific death and other-cause death were calculated with a competing risks framework, and the time-dependent effects (hazard ratios) of anatomical tumor site (oropharynx, oral cavity, or hypopharynx/larynx), age, sex, race, and year of diagnosis on cancer-specific death and other-cause death, stratified by tumor stage, were estimated. RESULTS All effects were significantly time-varying (P < .001). Patients with nonoropharyngeal cancer had a higher hazard of cancer-specific death but a similar cumulative fraction of deaths because of a higher rate of death from other causes. Cancer-specific survival has not changed for patients with nonoropharyngeal cancer over the past decades but has improved since 2000 for patients with oropharyngeal cancer. The effects of age and sex on cancer survival were strongest proximal to the diagnosis, whereas the effect of race persisted over time. CONCLUSIONS Recent improvements in survival for patients with oropharyngeal cancer may be due more to an increasing fraction of cancers attributable to human papillomavirus than to increasing treatment effectiveness. The prognostic strength of anatomical site and other predictors changes over the postdiagnosis period. LAY SUMMARY It is generally assumed that the effects of tumor and personal characteristics on the survival of patients with head and neck cancer are fixed over time, but this study shows that many factors are most important only in the first few years after diagnosis. Also, recent improvements in the survival of patients with head and neck cancer appear to benefit only patients with cancers of the oropharynx. The improvements may be due more to an increasing fraction of cancers caused by human papillomavirus (which generally have better outcomes) than to advances in head and neck cancer treatment overall.
Contribution of the Basilicata region to decarbonisation of the energy system: results of a scenario analysis

Abstract This paper investigates the energy system of the Basilicata region (southern Italy) to highlight, through a scenario analysis, its possible future development in compliance with the European Commission's long-term vision. The IEA-ETSAP methodology was utilized to model and analyse the Basilicata energy system in a business-as-usual scenario, based on the assumptions of the 2010 Regional Energy and Environmental Policy Plan, and in two low-carbon scenarios, decarbonisation and high energy efficiency, which, in line with the long-term European strategy, foresee an 85% carbon dioxide emission reduction and a 20% energy efficiency increase in 2050. The results highlight that electricity production from renewable energy sources (in particular wind energy), strongly supported by the regional policy, goes beyond the Basilicata Regional Energy-Environmental Plan forecast, with a further increase in the decarbonisation scenarios. In addition, solar thermal and highly efficient technologies are adopted in commercial and residential end-use sectors. An additional 9% reduction in energy consumption is achieved in the high energy efficiency scenario by passive houses. The proposed approach shows the usefulness of a modelling framework typically used for national and supranational analyses to support regional authorities in their decision-making process to obtain results in line with the European and national strategies. Application to the Basilicata region shows the usefulness of a consolidated framework for policy assessment at a local scale to assess regional contribution to the achievement of national climate mitigation targets that tend towards climate neutrality.
The Powerful and Vulnerable Intercultural Encounters of Jesus

In this reading of the New Testament record, Jesus approached intercultural situations with wisdom, grace, and sensitivity. He interacted with Gentiles, marveled at their faith, and even sent them as missionaries to their own people. He followed cultural patterns when they were helpful; he resisted cultural patterns when they were hurtful. He often interacted with people whom even his disciples wanted to avoid. Through humility and vulnerability, he created an atmosphere that elicits transparency and transformation. Jesus walked along borderlands and traversed across borders into Gentile regions. In doing so, he engaged in intense theological discussions with a Canaanite woman and a Samaritan woman, and, in both cases, met them in their brokenness and met their deepest needs. At times he interacted with high people of society, for instance, the centurion. Prior to healing his servant, Jesus marveled at the centurion’s faith, declaring it greater than all of Israel. This article argues that, though each intercultural context proved to be unique, Jesus contextually tailored his approach to the individual. While respectful of cultural customs, he boldly broke through cultural barriers that caused brokenness and oppression. Jesus carried on conversations with skill and sensitivity. He filled his conversation with questions, metaphors, and dialogue, thus respecting individuals and their cultural contexts.
Right Colectomy for Cancer

A right colectomy is indicated for malignancies of the ileocecal region, ascending colon, and transverse colon.
Sampling in a Hilbert space

An analog of the Whittaker-Shannon-Kotel'nikov sampling theorem is derived for functions with values in a separable Hilbert space. The proof uses the concept of frames and frame operators in a Hilbert space. One of the consequences of this theorem is that it allows us to derive sampling theorems associated with boundary-value problems and some homogeneous integral equations, which in turn gives us a generalization of another sampling theorem by Kramer.
Chemical Modifications of Proteins In Vivo: Selected Examples Important to Cellular Regulation

The synthesis and degradation pathways for individual proteins and functional peptides often involve numerous co- and post-translational modifying steps. This review focuses on the diversity of such reactions. The reactions are organized into functional categories. An overall goal is to highlight post-translational events as often having the same importance to functional protein production as the transcriptional and translational events that initiate their synthesis.
The Response of the North American Monsoon to Increased Greenhouse Gas Forcing

[1] We analyze the response of the North American Monsoon (NAM) to increased greenhouse gas (GHG) forcing (emissions scenario RCP 8.5) using new simulations available through the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project version 5 (CMIP5). Changes in total monsoon season rainfall with GHG warming are small and insignificant. The models do, however, show significant declines in early monsoon season precipitation (June-July) and increases in late monsoon season (September-October) precipitation, indicating a shift in seasonality toward delayed onset and withdrawal of the monsoon. Early in the monsoon season, tropospheric warming increases vertical stability, reinforced by reductions in available surface moisture, inhibiting precipitation and delaying the onset of the monsoon. By the end of the monsoon season, moisture convergence is sufficient to overcome the warming induced stability increases, and precipitation is enhanced. Even with no change in total NAM rainfall, shifts in the seasonal distribution of precipitation within the NAM region are still likely to have significant societal and ecological consequences, reinforcing the need to not only understand the magnitude, but also the timing, of future precipitation changes.
A Biomechanical Comparison of Posterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Techniques

Most posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction techniques use both tibial and femoral bone tunnels for graft placement. Because of the acute angle the graft must make to gain entrance into the tibial tunnel, abnormal stresses are placed on the graft that could lead to graft failure. An alternative technique for posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction involves placement of the bone plug from the graft anatomically on the back of the tibia (inlay), preventing formation of an acute angle at the tibial attachment site. We used six pairs of human cadaver knees to compare the biomechanical properties of these two techniques. One knee from each pair underwent tunnel reconstruction while the other knee underwent inlay reconstruction. There was significantly less anterior-posterior laxity in the inlay group when compared with the tunnel group from 30° to 90° of knee flexion and after repetitive loading at 90° of knee flexion. Evaluation of the grafts revealed evidence of mechanical degradation in the tunnel group but not in the inlay group. The inlay technique resulted in less posterior translation with less graft degradation than did the tunnel technique for posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.
Learning to Observe Cognition, Mastery, and Control

On inpatient psychiatric units, intervening with children and adolescents' behaviors demands an understanding of how they take in and process information. The third paper focuses on assessment cues that will help inpatient staff decipher patients' deficits and strengths in information processing, self-efficacy, and inhibitory control. Each assessment area is explained in the context of the supporting cognitive, neurobiologic, and social-learning theory. Inpatient interventions consistent with the assessment are explained and illustrated with clinical applications.
Split and Delay System for Soft X-ray Pump/Soft X-ray Probe Experiments at the LCLS Free Electron Laser

We will report on the development of a mirror based x-ray split and delay system for soft x-rays at the Linac Coherent Light Source free electron laser. The instrument will be based on an edge-polished mirror design, using grazing incidence mirrors to cover an energy range up 2000 eV. Two mirrors located immediately after the AMO Kirkpatrick-Baez mirrors will split the FEL wavefront; one of these mirrors will be translated and rotated to produce a variable delay up to 100 femtoseconds.