cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Frances Perkins' Disappearance from American Public Administration: A Genealogy of Marginalization

Given Frances Perkins' many years in public service, it is puzzling that she left so little imprint upon American public administration. She was a historic "first" woman public executive at both the state and federal levels of government, whose tangible policy accomplish ments (e.g., minimum wage and Social Security) people depend on still today. She led the Department of Labor during the whole of the New Deal, which was a defining moment in the development of the administrative state. Describing how and in what ways Perkins be came a marginalized other in public administration is this paper's specific purpose. Drawing on Michel Foucault's genealogical ap proach to history, this paper illustrates how Perkins was constructed as a marginal historical subject. This paper's more general purpose is to argue that Perkins' marginalization is a representative anecdote for the marginalization of gender, care, and the female body that continues today within American public administration.
Differential Lateral Rectus Compartmental Contraction during Ocular Counter-Rolling

PURPOSE. The lateral rectus (LR) and medial rectus (MR) extraocular muscles (EOMs) have largely nonoverlapping superior and inferior innervation territories, suggesting functional compartmental specialization. We used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in humans to investigate differential compartmental activity in the rectus EOMs during head tilt, which evokes ocular counter-rolling, a torsional vestibuloocular reflex (VOR). METHODS. MRI in quasi-coronal planes was analyzed during target-controlled central gaze in 908 right and left head tilts in 12 normal adults. Cross sections and posterior partial volumes of the transverse portions of the four rectus EOMs were compared in contiguous image planes 2 mm thick spanning the orbit from origins to globe equator, and used as indicators of contractility. RESULTS. Horizontal rectus EOMs had significantly greater posterior volumes and maximum cross sections in their inferior compartments (P < 10 -8 ). In orbit tilt up (extorted) compared with orbit tilt down (intorted) head tilts, contractile changes in LR maximum cross section (P < 0.0001) and posterior partial volume (P < 0.05) were significantly greater in the inferior but not in the superior compartment. These changes were not explainable by horizontal or vertical eye position changes. A weaker compartmental effect was suggested for MR. The vertical rectus EOMs did not exhibit significant compartmental contractile changes during head tilt. Mechanical modeling suggests that differential LR contraction may contribute to physiological cyclovertical effects. CONCLUSIONS. Selective activation of the two LR, and possibly MR, compartments correlates with newly recognized segregation of intramuscular innervation into distinct compartments, and probably contributes to noncommutative torsion during the VOR. (Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2012;53:2887‐2896) DOI:10.1167/iovs.11-7929
Pragmatic Precision Oncology: The Secondary Uses of Clinical Tumor Molecular Profiling

Background Precision oncology increasingly utilizes molecular profiling of tumors to determine treatment decisions with targeted therapeutics. The molecular profiling data is valuable in the treatment of individual patients as well as for multiple secondary uses. Objective To automatically parse, categorize, and aggregate clinical molecular profile data generated during cancer care as well as use this data to address multiple secondary use cases. Methods A system to parse, categorize and aggregate molecular profile data was created. A nayve Bayesian classifier categorized results according to clinical groups. The accuracy of these systems were validated against a published expertly-curated subset of molecular profiling data. Results Following one year of operation, 819 samples have been accurately parsed and categorized to generate a data repository of 10,620 genetic variants. The database has been used for operational, clinical trial, and discovery science research. Conclusions A real-time database of molecular profiling data is a pragmatic solution to several knowledge management problems in the practice and science of precision oncology.
Synthesis, Morphology, and Ion Conduction of Polyphosphazene Ammonium Iodide Ionomers

Anion conducting polyphosphazene ionomer analogues of poly[bis(methoxyethoxyethoxy)phosphazene] (MEEP) were synthesized and their iodide transport properties studied. Polymer bound cations were quaternized with either short alkyl or short ether oxygen chains. X-ray scattering reveals a low q peak near 4 nm–1 arising from the backbone–backbone spacing between polyphosphazene chains, an ion-related peak at 8 nm–1, and a peak at 15 nm–1 corresponding primarily to the amorphous halo of the PEO side chains. Because of the short spacing of the intermediate q peak, the ions are proposed to exist mostly in isolated ion pairs or small aggregates. First-principles calculations combined with dielectric spectroscopy suggest that less than 10% of the ions are in isolated pairs while the remainder participate in quadrupoles or other small aggregates. These ionomers display high values for the high frequency dielectric constant, e∞ (highest value e∞ = 11), due to atomic polarization of the iodide anion. These MEEP-based...
Aggressive fibromatosis of the prevertebral and retropharyngeal spaces: MR and CT characteristics

A 47-year-old man had aggressive fibromatosis, and CT and MR showed a large, multilobulated soft-tissue mass within the prevertebral and retropharyngeal spaces. On CT, the lesion was slightly higher in attenuation than adjacent muscle; on MR, it was intermediate between muscle and fat on unenhanced T1-weighted images, isointense with fat on intermediate-weighted images, hyperintense relative to fat on T2-weighted images, and markedly enhanced after administration of gadopentetate dimeglumine. Multiple small focal and linear areas of decreased signal intensity that did not enhance with gadopentetate dimeglumine were observed on all pulse sequences.
An Update on the Diagnostic Evaluation of the Hypertensive Patient.

Hypertension is the most common reason for adult medical office visits in the U.S. today. With increasing longevity, an aging population, a greater prevalence of obesity, and a falling threshold for indications for high blood pressure treatment, the diagnostic evaluation of the hypertensive patient assumes a major role in office practice. The majority of patients who are being assessed for newly discovered hypertension will benefit from a relatively simple evaluation without the use of high cost procedures. Evaluation includes a careful history for both blood pressure related findings and other cardiovascular risk factors, a physical examination aimed at identifying possible specific etiologies and target organ damage, as well as some basic laboratory assays. In a rapid and relatively inexpensive fashion, the patient then can be directed toward nonpharmacologic treatment, drug therapy, or more specialized investigations as needed. (c)2000 by Le Jacq Communications, Inc.
Spontaneous perforation of the gallbladder from cholecystitis with acute appendicitis in pregnancy. A case report.

BACKGROUND : Spontaneous perforation of the gallbladder is an uncommon and serious complication of cholecystitis. CASE : A 36-year-old multipara suffered a spontaneous rupture of the gallbladder from acute cholecystitis at 10 weeks' gestation. This caused bile peritonitis from Salmonella paratyphi. In addition, she had simultaneous acute appendicitis, which was confirmed fiistologically. After cholecystectomy, appendectomy and antibiotic therapy, her pregnancy progressed uneventfully to term delivery. CONCLUSION : This was the second patient with spontaneous rupture of the gallbladder during pregnancy cared for at Women's Hospital of the Los Angeles County/University of Southern California Medical Center in a six-year period.
High-Resolution Manometry and Esophageal Pressure Topography: Filling the Gaps of Convention Manometry

Although conventional manometry set the basis for the diagnosis of esophageal motility disorders, the large axial spacing between recording sites leaves large portions of the esophagus unevaluated and vulnerable to movement artifact. However, continuous spatiotemporal representations of pressure through the esophagus recorded with high-resolution manometry offers greater detail and improved accuracy for many of the most important measurements of esophageal motor function. This review describes how the new classification schemes for esophageal pressure topography have evolved from conventional criteria and focuses on how esophageal pressure topography has improved the ability to subcategorize conventional manometric diagnoses into new functional phenotypes.
Decentralized operation framework for hybrid AC/DC microgrid

This paper proposes a methodology to attain the optimal generation scheduling of hybrid AC/DC microgrids. The hybrid microgrid consists of AC and DC networks with respective generation and demand resources that are connected by bi-directional AC/DC converters. The proposed methodology leverages decentralized optimization framework that uses the dispatch of the AC/DC converter to facilitate the coordinated operation of AC and DC networks. The presented framework utilizes an iterative approach to determine the optimal operation schedule for the hybrid AC/DC microgrid using distinct optimization problems. The results illustrate the effectiveness of the presented approach for operation planning of hybrid AC/DC microgrids.
Interest congruence and performance: Revisiting recent meta-analytic findings

Abstract Recently, there has been a growing interest in the study and use of vocational interests for predicting workplace behavior. The renewed attention to this topic is at least partially due to two recent meta-analyses (Nye, Su, Rounds, & Drasgow, 2012; Van Iddekinge, Roth, Putka, & Lanivich, 2011a) demonstrating the validity of interests for predicting job performance. Both studies came to the conclusion that interests predict performance but their results differed with respect to the validity of interest congruence. Although the congruence (or match) between an individual's interests and his or her work is particularly important for theories of vocational interest, there is some debate in the literature about the validity and utility of interest congruence for predicting work outcomes and the varying results reported in the two recent meta-analyses do little to resolve this issue. Therefore, the goal of the present study was to address these differences and the broader debate about interest congruence by conducting a more comprehensive meta-analysis of the validity of interest congruence for predicting job performance. An analysis of 92 studies and 1858 correlations suggested that interest congruence is a stronger predictor of performance outcomes than interest scores alone, with baseline correlations of 0.32 and 0.16, respectively. These results are discussed in the context of the broader person-environment fit literature and the implications for the interest literature and personnel selection research are discussed.
Abstract A32: Upregulation of the Notch signaling pathway is associated with mortality and in vitro cell invasion in squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a heterogeneous disease with low survival rates, which have not significantly improved despite advances in surgery and radiotherapy. Although human papillomavirus is a strong predictor of outcomes in oropharyngeal tumors, other HNSCC subtypes lack reliable prognostic and therapeutic biomarkers. The purpose of this study was to identify molecular targets to improve the management of oral cavity SCC (OSCC). We isolated RNA from 19 OSCCs treated surgically at UAB and evaluated gene expression using the NanoString nCounter system and PanCancer Pathways analysis module. Results were confirmed using data from the oral cavity anatomic subdivision of the Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma cancer study generated by the TCGA Research Network. Associated in vitro phenotype was assessed in HNSCC cell lines UM-SCC1, UM-SCC6 and FaDu treated with the activating Notch ligand DLL4 and included evaluation of gene expression, proliferation, cell cycle, migration, invasion, and radiosensitivity. We identified a significant association between upregulation of the Notch pathway and mortality in both the UAB and TCGA OSCC sample sets. In vitro activation of Notch signaling altered transcription in a pattern similar to that found in patient samples from the mortality cohorts. HNSCC cells with Notch activation had increased expression of pro-invasive genes FGF1, IL1B, SIX1, and CCNA1. In addition, Notch activated cells displayed increased cell migration and invasion. Proliferation, cell cycle distribution, and radiosensitivity were unchanged in ligand-treated cells. Our results identify a subset of OSCC patients who have increased Notch pathway activity and worsened outcomes. These clinical findings may reflect a more invasive cell phenotype driven by Notch-mediated changes in transcription. Additional studies are needed to fully elucidate the mechanism underlying this association and to investigate the efficacy of therapies targeting Notch signaling in OSCC. Citation Format: Alice N. Weaver, Tiffiny S. Cooper, Deborah Della Manna, Shi Wei, Eben L. Rosenthal, Eddy S. Yang. Upregulation of the Notch signaling pathway is associated with mortality and in vitro cell invasion in squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Precision Medicine Series: Targeting the Vulnerabilities of Cancer; May 16-19, 2016; Miami, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2017;23(1_Suppl):Abstract nr A32.
Abstract OT2-01-20: Phase IIB study of neoadjuvant panitumumab combined with carboplatin and paclitaxel (PaCT) for anthracycline-resistant triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC)

BACKGROUND: Approximately 50% of patients with TNBC treatedwithstandardtaxane/anthracycline-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT)have chemo-insensitive disease (CID), i.e., residual disease burden (RCB)-II/III at the time of surgery, and 40-80% of patients develop recurrence within 3 years. Recent developments in molecular profiling have identified subsets of TNBC with distinct, targetable molecular features. We developed a clinical trial to identify and characterize CID (ARTEMIS: A Randomized, TNBC-Enrolling trial to confirm Molecular profiling Improves Survival). In ARTEMIS, patients with localized TNBC will undergo a pretreatment biopsy, then begin anthracycline-based NACT. During NACT, we use molecular profiling and response assessment to identify CID and allocate patients to alternative therapies to overcome CID. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is overexpressed in 25-30% of TNBC. In preclinical studies, suppression of EGFR signaling has shown efficacy in controlling cancers through suppression of the stem cell population, enhanced apoptosis via MAPK/PI3K signaling, and modulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Moreover, in a phase II trial of triple negative inflammatory breast cancer, neoadjuvant PaCT yielded significantly higher pathologic complete response (pCR) rates than historic control. Taken together, we hypothesize that using PaCT to suppress EGFR in TNBC will enhance the pCR rate. OBJECTIVES: Primary objective: determine pCR and RCB-0/I rates in TNBC patients with CID given PaCT. Secondary objective: determine the benefit of using baseline genomic signatures to develop an alternative second phase of NACT. TRIAL DESIGN AND STATISTICAL METHODS: Patients with >10% volume reduction for non-CID or BRIEF ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: Inclusion: localized TNBC; enrolled in ARTEMIS trial; adequate organ, bone marrow, and cardiac parameters; Exclusion: pregnant or lactating, known or suspected metastasis. CORRELATIVE SCIENCE: Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and cell free (cf) DNA in baseline and subsequent blood samples, EGFR expression (immunohistochemistry), stem cell/EMT/apoptosis marker changes in tissue and CTCs, PD-L1 glycosylation for EGFR sensitivity. Citation Format: Lim B, Helgason T, Hess KR, Piwnica-Worms H, Yang W, Adrada BE, Rauch GM, Gilcrease M, Symmans FW, Huo L, Mittendorf EA, Thompson A, Stacy M-TL, Debu T, Ueno NT. Phase IIB study of neoadjuvant panitumumab combined with carboplatin and paclitaxel (PaCT) for anthracycline-resistant triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2016 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2016 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(4 Suppl):Abstract nr OT2-01-20.
Clinical predictive model for brain metastasis at presentation in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

e19158 Background: There is limited data on the prevalence of brain metastases at presentation in NSCLC. Between 1988 and 1997, the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database recorded the use of brain radiation in patients with lung cancer. We developed a predictive clinical model for brain metastases (BM) at presentation based on the use of brain radiation (BRT), which may be used as a surrogate since it is not indicated in NSCLC patients without BM. Methods: Patients with NSCLC diagnosed between 1988-1997, aged 21 or older were subdivided according to radiation data into none or indicated (given, refused or unknown if administrated). Since the database records only initial therapy, patients with indication for radiotherapy were assumed to have had early brain metastases. Frequencies and odds Ratio (OR) were calculated for each demographic factor and the most significant were included in the predictive model. Results: Among the 131,456 patients evaluated, 10,963 (8.4%) had BRT indicated....
Crowdsourced Delphis: Designing solutions to complex environmental problems with broad stakeholder participation

Abstract There is a well-established need for increased stakeholder participation in the generation of adaptive management approaches and specific solutions to complex environmental problems. However, integrating participant feedback into current science, research, and decision-making processes is challenging. This paper presents a novel approach that marries a rigorous Delphi method, borrowed from policy and organizational sciences, with contemporary “crowdsourcing” to address the complex problems of water pollution exacerbated by climate change in the Lake Champlain Basin. In an online Delphi forum that occurred over a six-week period during the Spring of 2014, fifty-three participants proposed and commented on adaptive solutions to address water quality in the context of climate change. In a follow up Multi-Stakeholder workshop, thirty-eight stakeholders participated in refining and synthesizing the results from the forum. To inform modeling and policy dialogue, the resulting list of interventions was analyzed by time horizon, domain, type of adaptation action, and priority level. The interventions suggested by stakeholders within the crowdsourcing forum have contributed to the current policy dialogue in Vermont including legislation to address phosphorus loading to Lake Champlain. This stakeholder approach strengthens traditional modeling scenario development to include solutions and priorities that have been collectively refined and vetted.
Raising Speed Limits on Rural Highways

Speed limits on rural highways have recently been on an upward trend nationwide as 25 states have increased speed limits on such roadways between 2011 and 2016. In January 2017, Michigan House Bill 4423 (Public Act 445) was signed into law, which required speed limits to be raised from 55 to 65 mph on at least 900 mi of Michigan’s state-maintained nonfreeways. The specific highway segments were to be selected by the Michigan Department of Transportation (DOT) within 1 year of enactment on the basis of an assessment of travel speeds and safety. Research was undertaken to develop a process to select candidate highway segments for speed limit increases in Michigan. The primary objective was to identify rural highway segments with comparatively low safety risks for which costly geometric upgrades, specifically horizontal or vertical realignment, would be avoided. Ultimately, 12 factors and associated selection criteria were used to identify the candidate segments. These factors included segment length, total ...
Hardware execution throttling for multi-core resource management

Modern processors provide mechanisms (such as duty-cycle modulation and cache prefetcher adjustment) to control the execution speed or resource usage efficiency of an application. Although these mechanisms were originally designed for other purposes, we argue in this paper that they can be an effective tool to support fair use of shared on-chip resources on multi-cores. Compared to existing approaches to achieve fairness (such as page coloring and CPU scheduling quantum adjustment), the execution throttling mechanisms have the advantage of providing fine-grained control with little software system change or undesirable side effect. Additionally, although execution throttling slows down some of the running applications, it does not yield any loss of overall system efficiency as long as the bottleneck resources are fully utilized. We conducted experiments with several sequential and server benchmarks. Results indicate high fairness with almost no efficiency degradation achieved by a hybrid of two execution throttling mechanisms.
Pulmonary exacerbations and clinical outcomes in a longitudinal cohort of infants and preschool children with cystic fibrosis

Pulmonary exacerbations (PEx) in school aged children and adults with cystic fibrosis (CF) lead to increased morbidity and lung function decline. However, the effect of exacerbations in young children with CF is not fully understood. We sought to characterize the frequency and clinical impact of PEx in a pilot study of infants and pre-school aged children with CF. Thirty young children with CF [median (range) 1.5 years (0.2–4.9)] were prospectively followed for 2 years. Exacerbation frequency (hospitalizations and outpatient antibiotic use) was determined. Chest radiographs were performed at enrollment and study completion and assigned a Brasfield score. Lung function at age 7 years was assessed in a subset of children. The association between PEx frequency, chest radiograph score, and lung function was determined using Spearman correlation coefficients and corresponding 95% confidence intervals. Correlations with an absolute magnitude of 0.3 or greater were considered clinically significant. Over 2 years, participants experienced a median of two PEx (range 0–13). Chest radiograph scores at enrollment and study completion were inversely associated with PEx frequency (R = −0.48 and R = −0.44, respectively). The association between frequency of PEx and lung function [forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1)] at age 7 years was small (R = 0.20). Higher forced vital capacity (FVC) at 7 years was associated with more frequent PEx during the study (R = 0.44). Children with worse chest radiograph scores had more frequent PEx over the subsequent 2 years, suggesting a group of patients at higher risk for PEx. Frequent PEx in infants and young children with CF were not associated with lower FEV1 and FVC at 7 years, although spirometry in this age group may not be a sensitive marker of mild lung disease and disease progression.
Happy Traditional and Companionship Marriages

Happily married couples were interviewed initially and four years later. All the the couples tended to be best friends and very accepting of each other. Results indicated that “companionship” coupl...
Glucocorticoids and Oxysterols in Lymphoid Apoptosis

Publisher Summary Glucocorticoid-induced death of lymphoid cells is a classic model for apoptosis. Oxysterols, a different class of steroids, also produce lymphoid apoptosis. This chapter summarizes the effects of glucocorticoids and oxysterols on CEM cells, a line of human leukemic T cells, with the help of comparative studies. The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is required for the glucocorticoid-induced pathway. Transient transfections of GR mutants suggest that when the ligand binding domain is intact, the DNA binding domain, and not the amino-terminal region, is required to initiate apoptosis. Some genes that are important for apoptosis and are controlled by glucocorticoids are also regulated by oxysterols, suggesting some functional overlap in the initiatory paths. As the original definition of apoptosis was histopathological, the number and variety of agents that cause this form of cell death shows that many transduction pathways can produce death with the same appearance.
Diabetic thoracic polyradiculopathy: ten patients with abdominal pain.

Objectives Abdominal pain caused by diabetic thoracic polyradiculopathy is unfamiliar to many gastroenterologists. The aim of this study was to describe the clinical characteristics and outcome of the disorder. Methods Ten patients (six women) with diabetic thoracic polyradiculopathy were cared for in 20 yr. Electromyographic evidence of nerve root denervation was found in seven patients. Nine patients were followed-up at least until recovery, including four until death. Results The patients were 42-79 yr of age, had diabetes of various duration, and often had other diabetic complications, including two with previous polyradiculopathy. Pain of various types occurred. It was often worse at night and aggravated by light pressure. Pain was either unilateral or bilateral and was often accompanied by weight loss. All patients had a cutaneous sensory abnormality, and four had localized abdominal wall paresis with protrusion. Spontaneous recovery was documented in nine patients, but two had recurrent polyradiculopathy. Conclusions Gastroenterologists should be familiar with diabetic thoracic polyradiculopathy, because its early recognition may prevent unnecessary and expensive diagnostic evaluation for a visceral cause of pain.
Adding Intelligence to Hypertext with Expert Systems and Adding Usability to Expert Systems with Hypertext

Hypertext refers to a non-sequential, non-linear method for organizing and displaying text. It was designed to enable the reader to access information from a text in ways that are most meaningful (Nelson, 1981), based upon the assumption that the organization that the reader imposes on a text is more meaningful than that proferred by the author.
Positron Emission Tomography Imaging with 2-[18F]F-p-Aminobenzoic Acid Detects Staphylococcus aureus Infections and Monitors Drug Response

Staphylococcus aureus is the leading cause of life-threatening infections, frequently originating from unknown or deep-seated foci. Source control and institution of appropriate antibiotics remain challenges, especially with infections due to methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). In this study, we developed a radiofluorinated analog of para-aminobenzoic acid (2-[18F]F-PABA) and demonstrate that it is an efficient alternative substrate for the S. aureus dihydropteroate synthase (DHPS). 2-[18F]F-PABA rapidly accumulated in vitro within laboratory and clinical (including MRSA) strains of S. aureus but not in mammalian cells. Biodistribution in murine and rat models demonstrated localization at infection sites and rapid renal elimination. In a rat model, 2-[18F]F-PABA positron emission tomography (PET) rapidly differentiated S. aureus infection from sterile inflammation and could also detect therapeutic failures associated with MRSA. These data suggest that 2-[18F]F-PABA has the potential for translation to...
Multipath arrival tracking for marine vehicles utilizing pattern recognition

Thesis: Nav. E., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2018.
Cutaneous intralymphatic CD30+ pseudolymphoma: a reactive condition mimicking lymphoma

![Figure][1] A healthy 80-year-old patient with a history of seborrheic dermatitis presented with an erythematous scalp lesion concerning for basal cell carcinoma. The biopsy showed ruptured folliculitis, dermal scar consistent with a previous biopsy, and focal dermal intralymphatic
Critical solution temperatures of aliphatic compounds

Abstract The upper critical solution temperature (CST) was used as a physical characteristic for assessing the identity and purity of organic compounds. CST values of highly purified fatty acids and methyl esters with ethylene glycol, nitromethane, and 1,3-butanediol were determined under the microscope. The technique used is described in detail and applications of the method for ascertaining the identity or purity of fatty acids and their methyl esters in amounts of 0.5–2 μl are discussed.
A Collaborative Multi-Model Ensemble for Real-Time Influenza Season Forecasting in the U.S.

Abstract Seasonal influenza results in substantial annual morbidity and mortality in the United States and worldwide. Accurate forecasts of key features of influenza epidemics, such as the timing and severity of the peak incidence in a given season, can inform public health response to outbreaks. As part of ongoing efforts to incorporate data and advanced analytical methods into public health decision-making, the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has organized seasonal influenza forecasting challenges since the 2013/2014 season. In the 2017/2018 season, 22 teams participated. A subset of four teams created a research consortium called the FluSight Network in early 2017. During the 2017/2018 season they worked together to produce a collaborative multi-model ensemble that combined 21 separate component models into a single model using a machine learning technique called stacking. This approach creates a weighted average of predictive densities where the weight for each component is based on that component’s forecast accuracy in past seasons. In the 2017/2018 influenza season, one of the largest seasonal outbreaks in the last 15 years, this multi-model ensemble performed better on average than all individual component models and placed second overall in the CDC challenge. It also outperformed the baseline multi-model ensemble created by the CDC that took a simple average of all models submitted to the forecasting challenge. This project shows that collaborative efforts between research teams to develop ensemble forecasting approaches can bring measurable improvements in forecast accuracy and important reductions in the variability of performance from year to year. Efforts such as this, that emphasize real-time testing and evaluation of forecasting models and facilitate the close collaboration between public health officials and modeling researchers, are essential to improving our understanding of how best to use forecasts to improve public health response to seasonal and emerging epidemic threats.
Management of Unanticipated Outcomes: A Case Scenario

One of the most challenging situations for surgeons occurs when one of our patients suffer an unanticipated outcome. Planning for these events is of the utmost importance in order to adequately meet the needs of the patients, families, and providers involved. Elements of that process should encompass recognition and appropriate reporting of the event and/or error, participating in the disclosure process, analysis of the event to determine error type, institution of measures to prevent recurrence, and consideration of care measures to be initiated in a proactive manner for the providers involved in the event. Key features of each process are discussed in the context of an actual case history, with emphasis on the need to have processes put into place on an institutional level so that each component is identified and addressed, with focus on the values of transparency, professionalism, and compassion for all involved.
Early Childhood Teachers' Lives in Context: Implications for Professional Development in Under-Resourced Areas.

This study explores the personal, professional, and contextual conditions faced by early childhood education (ECE) teachers in under-resourced settings and how these relate to teacher responsiveness to professional development (PD): namely, teacher attrition (a sign of PD failure when occurring shortly after PD), take-up of offered PD, adherence to PD training/materials, and quality of implementation. We use data from six disadvantaged districts in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana and PD focused on implementation of a national, play-based curriculum. Descriptive statistics indicate that ECE teachers (n = 302) face a multitude of barriers to high quality teaching across the bioecological model. Multilevel mixed effects models find that teachers with low job satisfaction are more likely to leave the school within the academic year. Teachers with moderate to severe depression are less likely to attend PD trainings. Senior teachers and those with poverty risks are less likely to adhere to PD material. Teachers with many time demand barriers are more likely to adhere to material. They also implement the content at higher observed quality as do teachers with bachelor's degrees and early childhood development (ECD) training. Take-up of PD also predicts quality of implementation. Practice and research implications are discussed.
The role of echocardiography for quantitative assessment of right ventricular size and function in adults with repaired tetralogy of Fallot.

BACKGROUND Quantitative assessment of right ventricular (RV) systolic function by echocardiography is challenging in patients with congenital heart disease because of the complex geometry of the RV and the iatrogenic structural abnormalities resulting from prior cardiac surgeries. The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation between echocardiographic indices of RV systolic function and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI) derived RV ejection fraction (RVEF) in adults with repaired tetralogy of Fallot (TOF). METHODS Quantitative assessment of RV function was performed with RV tissue Doppler systolic velocity (RV s'), tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), and fractional area change (FAC). These echocardiographic indices were compared to RVEF from CMRI performed on the same day as echocardiogram. RESULTS Of 209 patients, the mean RV FAC was 39 ± 9%, TAPSE was 18 ± 4 mm, RV s' was 10 ± 2 cm/s, and RVEF was 40 ± 10%. There was a good correlation between TAPSE and RVEF (r = 0.79, P < .001), good correlation between RV s' and RVEF (r = 0.71, P < .001), and modest correlation between FAC and RVEF (r = 0.66, P < .001). TAPSE < 17 mm effectively discriminated between patients with RV systolic dysfunction defined as RVEF < 47% (sensitivity 81%, specificity 79%, area under the curve [AUC] 0.805). FAC < 40% was associated with RVEF < 47% (sensitivity 72%, specificity 63%, AUC 0.719). RV s' < 11 cm was associated with RVEF < 47% (sensitivity 83%, specificity 68%, AUC 0.798). CONCLUSION Despite the structural and functional abnormalities of the RV in patients with repaired TOF, quantitative assessment of RV systolic function by echocardiography is feasible and had good correlation with CMRI-derived RVEF.
Deducing Phonon Scattering from Normal Mode Excitations

While the quantum scattering theory has provided the theoretical underpinning for phonon interactions, the correspondence between the phonon modes and normal modes of vibrations has never been fully established; for example, the nature of energy exchange during elementary normal mode interactions remains largely unknown. In this work, by adopting a set of real asymmetric normal mode amplitudes, we first discriminate the normal and Umklapp processes directly from atomistic dynamics. We then demonstrate that the undulating harmonic and anharmonic potentials, which allow a number of interaction pathways, generate several total-energy-conserving forward and backward scattering events including those which are traditionally considered as quantum-forbidden. Although the normal mode energy is proportional to the square of the eigen-frequency, we deduce that the energy exchanged from one mode to another in each elementary interaction is proportional to the frequency – a quantum-like restriction. We anticipate that the current approach can be utilized profitably to discover unbiased scattering channels, many traditionally quantum forbidden, with complex anharmonicities. Our discovery will aid in the development of next-generation Peierls-Boltzmann transport simulations that access normal mode scattering pathways from finite temperature ab initio simulations.
Estimating structured vector autoregressive models

While considerable advances have been made in estimating high-dimensional structured models from independent data using Lasso-type models, limited progress has been made for settings when the samples are dependent. We consider estimating structured VAR (vector auto-regressive model), where the structure can be captured by any suitable norm, e.g., Lasso, group Lasso, order weighted Lasso, etc. In VAR setting with correlated noise, although there is strong dependence over time and covariates, we establish bounds on the non-asymptotic estimation error of structured VAR parameters. The estimation error is of the same order as that of the corresponding Lasso-type estimator with independent samples, and the analysis holds for any norm. Our analysis relies on results in generic chaining, subexponential martingales, and spectral representation of VAR models. Experimental results on synthetic and real data with a variety of structures are presented, validating theoretical results.
Segmentation of epicardial adipose tissue in cardiac MRI using deep learning

Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is the layer of fat that accumulates around the myocardium of the heart and is a contributing factor to cardiovascular disease. Identification and quantification of this fat depot is important in ongoing studies of intervention. We have manually traced the EAT in 20 cardiac MRI scans, but this process is tedious and time-consuming. The goal of this project was to develop a segmentation algorithm that would shorten the time it takes to quantify the EAT. The validation data consisted of pre-intervention and post-intervention MRI scans from 12 (4 subjects did not have post-intervention scans) volunteer female subjects. The EAT, myocardium, and ventricles were manually traced in each slice of each scan. For the automated algorithm, preprocessing consisted of transforming the image data to the polar domain using the centroid of the traced inner EAT contour. In the polar image, each radial angle contained an inner-contour point and an outer-contour point, identifying the thickness of the fat at that radial location in that slice. These two locations on each single angle view served as the input for the neural network along with the angle, the slice location, and time in the cardiac cycle including either end-diastole or end-systole. Two neural networks were trained, one for the inner edge of EAT and a second for the outer edge of EAT. The networks returned the location of the contours in each radial angle and this was compared with the traced solutions. The mean dice similarity coefficient for the automatically identified EAT vs. the manually traced EAT was 0.56 ± 0.12. The current algorithm produces promising results that warrant further investigation and development.
A study of microstructure and cracking behavior of H13 tool steel produced by laser powder bed fusion using single-tracks, multi-track pads, and 3D cubes

Abstract This study investigated laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) additive manufacturing of H13 tool steel to identify how laser power (P) and scan speed (V) influenced melt pool geometry, microstructure, and susceptibility to cracking. Sequential studies from tracks, pads to 3D cubes were performed. Tracks and pads were made by laser scan on H13 build plates with and without powder addition. P-V windows were identified where keyholing, balling and under-melt occurred. The only change in melt pool geometry between the powder and no-power experiments was a slight shift of P-V window for the onset of balling. An inhomogeneous microstructure was observed for some tracks and pads, with a cellular-network microstructure and isolated-whisker microstructure at different regions in the same melt pool. Cracks were found in the regions with the isolated-whisker microstructure. Based on these observations, P-V windows of higher and lower cracking tendency were predicted. 3D-cubes built by P-V sets in different windows showed crack densities in line with the predictions. The results of this study provide guidance for LPBF process control to obtain uniform microstructure and minimize cracking of H13 steel parts.
A Comparison of Sonothrombolysis in Aged Clots between Low-Boiling-Point Phase-Change Nanodroplets and Microbubbles of the Same Composition.

Abstract We present enhanced cavitation erosion of blood clots exposed to low-boiling-point (−2°C) perfluorocarbon phase-change nanodroplets and pulsed ultrasound, as well as microbubbles with the same formulation under the same conditions. Given prior success with microbubbles as a sonothrombolysis agent, we considered that perfluorocarbon phase-change nanodroplets could enhance clot disruption further beyond that achieved with microbubbles. It has been hypothesized that owing to their small size and ability to penetrate into a clot, nanodroplets could enhance cavitation inside a blood clot and increase sonothrombolysis efficacy. The thrombolytic effects of lipid-shell-decafluorobutane nanodroplets were evaluated and compared with those of microbubbles with the same formulation, in an aged bovine blood clot flow model. Seven different pulsing schemes, with an acoustic intensity (ISPTA) range of 0.021–34.8 W/cm2 were applied in three different therapy scenarios: ultrasound only, ultrasound with microbubbles and ultrasound with nanodroplets (n = 5). Data indicated that pulsing schemes with 0.35 W/cm2 and 5.22 W/cm2 produced a significant difference (p
Model Reduction for Multi-Scale Transport Problems using Structure-Preserving Least-Squares Projections with Variable Transformation

A projection-based formulation is presented for non-linear model reduction of problems with extreme scale disparity. The approach allows for the selection of an arbitrary, but complete, set of solution variables while preserving the structure of the governing equations. Least-squares-based minimization is leveraged to guarantee symmetrization and discrete consistency with the full-order model (FOM) at the sub-iteration level. Two levels of scaling are used to achieve the conditioning required to effectively handle problems with extremely disparate physical phenomena, characterized by extreme stiffness in the system of equations. The formulation -- referred to as structure-preserving least-squares with variable transformation (SP-LSVT) -- provides global stabilization for both implicit and explicit time integration schemes. To achieve computational efficiency, a pivoted QR decomposition is used with oversampling, and adapted to the SP-LSVT method. The framework is demonstrated in representative two- and three-dimensional reacting flow problems, and the SP-LSVT is shown to exhibit improved stability and accuracy over standard projection-based ROM techniques. Physical realizability and local stability are promoted by enforcing limiters in both temperature and species mass fractions. These limiters are demonstrated to be important in eliminating regions of spurious burning, thus enabling the ROMs to provide accurate representations of the heat release rate and flame propagation speed. In the 3D application, it is shown that more than two orders of magnitude acceleration in computational efficiency can be achieved, while also providing reasonable future-state predictions. A key contribution of this work is the development and demonstration of a comprehensive ROM formulation that targets highly challenging multi-scale transport-dominated problems.
Discovery of Lyα-pumped Molecular Hydrogen Emission in the Planetary Nebulae NGC 6853 and NGC 3132

We report the first observation of Lyα pumped molecular hydrogen emission lines in planetary nebulae. The H2 emission observed in the ultraviolet spectra of NGC 6853 and NGC 3132 can be explained by excitation of vibrationally hot H2 by Lyα photons. Constraints are placed on the nebular Lyα emission profile, as well as the molecular hydrogen temperature, column density, and turbulent motion. These parameters are similar for the two nebulae, pointing to similar physical conditions in these objects. The rovibrational cascade following Lyα pumping is predicted to have low surface brightness signatures in the visible and near-infrared.
Judicious Use of Early Fixation of Closed, Complete Articular Pilon Fractures Is Not Associated With an Increased Risk of Deep Infection or Wound Complications.

OBJECTIVES To compare the deep infection rates after immediate versus staged open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) for pilon fractures. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. SETTING Three academic Level I trauma centers. PATIENTS Four hundred one patients with closed OTA/AO type 43C distal tibia fractures treated with ORIF. Sixty-six percent were men, and the mean age was 45.6 years. The median (interquartile range) follow-up was 1.7 (1.0-3.7) years. INTERVENTION Acute, primary ( 24 hours). MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENT Deep infection or wound complication as defined by return to operating room for surgical irrigation and debridement. RESULTS Patients were grouped by time from presentation to surgery: acute ORIF (n = 99) and delayed ORIF (n = 302). Acute ORIF was more frequent in patients with OTA/AO type 43C1 fractures, low-energy mechanisms (ie, fall from standing), younger and female patients. Patients who demonstrated severe swelling (242, 80%), swelling and fracture blisters (26, 9%), swelling and ecchymosis precluding planned surgical approach (4, 1%), polytrauma requiring resuscitation (20, 6%), who were transferred from an outside facility with external fixator in place (6, 2%), who had evolving compartment syndrome (2, 1%), and who required medical clearance (2, 1%) underwent staged, delayed fixation. There were significantly more 43C1 fractures in the acute fixation group (31% vs. 7%, P < 0.001) and significantly more 43C3 fractures in the delayed group (63% vs. 37%, P < 0.001). The overall deep infection rate was 17%. Early surgery was not associated with an increased risk of postoperative wound complication (early 12% vs. delayed 18%, P = 0.235). Multivariate analysis adjusted for timing of surgery found high-energy trauma [odds ratio (OR) 4.0, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1-13.8], smoking (OR 2.4, CI 1.3-4.6), male sex (OR 2.1, CI 1.0-4.1), and increasing age (OR 1.02, CI 1.00-1.04, P = 0.040) to be independent predictors of deep infection. Diabetes demonstrated a nonstatistically significant increased risk (OR 2.6, 95% CI 0.9-7.3, P = 0.063). CONCLUSIONS This study confirms the high risk of infection after the fixation of tibial plafond fractures. If early definitive fixation is considered, extreme care should be taken to carefully evaluate the soft tissue envelope and assess for other risk factors (such as age, male sex, smokers, diabetics, and those with higher-energy fracture patterns) that may predispose the patient to a postoperative soft tissue infection. Our study has shown that the judicious use of early definitive fixation in closed pilon fractures, in the appropriate patient, and with careful evaluation of the soft tissue envelope, is likely safe and does not seem to increase the risk of wound complications and deep infection in the hands of experienced fracture surgeons. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.