cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Tagging Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms and Recovery from Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a hemorrhagic stroke subtype with a poor recovery profile. Cerebral vasospasm (CV), a narrowing of the cerebral vasculature, significantly contributes to the poor recovery profile. Variation in the endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase (eNOS) gene has been implicated in CV and outcome after SAH. The purpose of this project was to explore the potential association between three eNOS tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and recovery from SAH. We included 195 participants with a diagnosis of SAH and DNA and 6-month outcome data available but without preexisting neurologic disease/deficit. Genotyping was performed using an ABI Prism 7000 Sequence Detection System and TaqMan assays. CV was verified by cerebral angiogram independently read by a neurosurgeon on 118 participants. Modified Rankin Scores (MRS) and Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) scores were collected 6 months posthemorrhage. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and chi-square analysis as appropriate. The sample was primarily female (n=147; 75.4%) and White (n=178; 91.3%) with a mean age of 54.6 years. Of the participants with CV data, 56 (47.5%) developed CV within 14 days of SAH. None of the SNPs individually were associated with CV presence; however, a combination of the three variant SNPs was significantly associated with CV (p=.017). Only one SNP (rs1799983, variant allele) was associated with worse 6-month GOS scores (p<.001) and MRS (p<.001). These data indicate that the eNOS gene plays a role in the response to SAH, which may be explained by an influence on CV.
A cross cultural study of gender-role orientation and entrepreneurial self-efficacy

The study of gender differences in entrepreneurial self-efficacy to date has produced inconclusive results. Cross-cultural studies are virtually non-existent. The present study seeks to understand the complex interplay of biological sex, socialized gender-roles, and culture on entrepreneurial self-efficacy and motivation to become an entrepreneur. Findings indicate that among American business students the traditional view of “entrepreneur as male” is fading. For the next generation of business leaders and entrepreneurs, a new entrepreneur stereotype is emerging that balances stereotypical feminine and masculine characteristics. These findings were not replicated in Spain where traditional gender-role stereotypes associated with entrepreneurship persist, even among business students. Implications for entrepreneurial education are discussed as they relate to the development of skills associated with venture creation.
A package demonstration with solder free compliant flexible interconnects

Flexible, stress-engineered spring interconnects are a novel technology potentially enabling room temperature assembly approaches to building highly integrated and multi-chip modules (MCMs). Such interconnects are an essential solder-free technology facilitating the MCM package diagnostics and rework. Previously, we demonstrated the performance, functionality, and reliability of compliant micro-spring interconnects under temperature cycling, humidity bias and high-current soak. Currently, we demonstrate for the first time the package with the 1st level conventional fine pitch C4 solder bump interconnects replaced by the arrays of microsprings. Dedicated CMOS integrated circuits (ICs) have been assembled onto substrates using these integrated microsprings. Metrology modules on the ICs are designed and used to characterize the connectivity and resistance of each microspring site.
Notes an the Mitotic Behavior of Long Chromosomes

1) The type of mitotic movement as seen in the X of Protenor is radically different in the two spermatocyte divisions, and differs from that of correspondingly long chromosomes of Amphibia.2) In the equation division, the entire broadside of the X serves as a base for the half-spindle component.3) In the reduction division the X is connected with both poles through a single delicate fibre.4) The nature of the interzonal connections in the Gase of long chromosomes is discussed.
Prenatal diagnosis of intrahepatic communications of the umbilical vein with atypical arteries (A–V fistulae) in two cases of trisomy 21 using color Doppler ultrasound

We report on two cases of the prenatal diagnosis of arterio-venous communication between the intra-abdominal umbilical vein and atypical arteries. The diagnosis was made by color and spectral Doppler and ‘color power angiography’. Both cases presented with hydrops fetalis, one at 14 and the other at 31 weeks of gestation. In the first case, color Doppler demonstrated an atypical arterial vessel connecting the umbilical vein with the aorta; the ductus venosus was patent. Echocardiography showed a so-called atrioventricular canal. In the second case, a complex intrahepatic vascular malformation was found. Color Doppler demonstrated communications between the umbilical vein and the hepatic artery and an atypical artery; the ductus venosus was patent. In the latter case polyhydramnios, duodenal atresia and macroglossia were additionally detected. In both cases, fetal karyotyping revealed trisomy 21. The first case resulted in a missed abortion, the second in a stillbirth. All findings were confirmed on autopsy. Of interest is that both fetuses were affected with trisomy 21. The increasing use of color Doppler in prenatal diagnosis, especially in hemodynamically compromised fetuses, will help to determine the actual incidence of complex vascular malformations of the umbilical vein and to elucidate the impact of such malformations on fetal outcome. Copyright © 2000 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
PLANNING IN GARBAGE CANS: NOTES FROM THE FIELD

“Rational planning models” emerged in the early 1970's as a means by which to plan more effectively and efficiently in educational organizations. One of the most well known and widely distributed of these models was developed by Phi Delta Kappa, the educational fraternity. This paper describes a field study conducted in five Vermont schools that were “early users” of the Phi Delta Kappa material. The outcomes reveal many discrepancies between the theory and the reality of planning in public schools. In addition to the Vermont research, other research is cited that supports many of the findings and relates them to planning in schools in general. The article concludes by linking the study outcomes to recent works by other authors on the emerging concepts of loosely coupled systems, garbage can organizations, and organized anarchies and implications these concepts hold for alternative approaches to planning in educational settings.
Instances of Ideology in Discursive Practice: Implications for Library and Information Science

The growth of knowledge in any discipline depends on discursive practice for the assertion of claims and the assessment of claims. At times, however, that discursive practice may be ideological in nature. Ideology is here defined as being grounded in efforts at domination--the ascendance of some ideas over others. Examination of the incidence of ideology in discourse is necessarily interpretive; part of this article explores the application of hermeneutics to the analysis of discourse. A set of examples of discursive practice in library and information science (LIS), purposely selected, is examined for ideological intent. Ultimately, the aim is to demonstrate that some discourse is ideological in nature and purpose, and to point out the implications of such discursive practice for knowledge growth in LIS.
Multiple myeloma associated with diffuse osteosclerotic bone lesions: A clinical entity distinct from osteosclerotic myeloma (POEMS syndrome)

Multiple myeloma usually is characterized by the development of lytic bone lesions. Osteosclerotic myeloma is a rare entity characterized by a single or multiple osteosclerotic bone lesions and often accompanied by a demyelinating polyneuropathy. Multiple myeloma associated with widespread osteosclerotic lesions seen on radiographic studies is exceedingly rare. We describe 3 such cases and review 12 other cases described in the literature. Overall, the patients described herein had a clinical course that resembled multiple myeloma more than osteosclerotic myeloma. However, some patients had features of both diseases. Although rare, multiple myeloma should be included in the differential diagnosis of widespread osteosclerotic bone lesions.
Emotional and personality types of breast cancer patients and spouses

Abstract This study explored the emotional and personality types of married pairs in which the wife had sustained single mastectomy for Stage I/II breast cancer. The scatter of scores among personality types limits conclusions. A weak trend is for husbands to fall into one of three personality types and for wives to fall into one of two types. Inspection of data for these types indicates characteristics which potentially interfere with marital interactions and, for wives, with relations with medical care givers. These characteristics include regarding illness as a personal weakness, a lack of personal dependability, the need to control others, and a tendency to avoid confronting problems. Results are discussed as they may reflect the effects of illness on personality. The need to adopt a reductionistic position in regard to further research on physical illness and marital systems is also discussed.
Avian and mammalian receptors for 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3: in vitro translation to characterize size and hormone-dependent regulation

Abstract In vitro translation of cellular poly(A)+ RNA coupled with immunoprecipitation was developed as a technique for characterizing 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25-(OH)2D3] receptors and assessing receptor mRNA activity. Cell-free translation of poly(A)+ RNA isolated from chicken intestine revealed two immunoprecipitable forms of avian receptor at 60 kDa and 58 kDa. These two species were identical in electrophoretic mobility to those detected directly in intestinal cytosol by immunoblot analysis. Liver, a tissue devoid of 1,25-(OH)2D3 binding activity, contained no apparent translatable receptor mRNA. 1,25-(OH)2D3 receptors were also synthesized in vitro employing poly(A)+ RNA obtained from several cultured mammalian cell lines. Selective immunoprecipitation revealed a single form of receptor at 54 kDa in mouse fibroblasts (3T6) and pig kidney cells (LLC-PK1) and a 52-kDa species in human breast carcinoma (T47D). Each of these in vitro translated mammalian 1,25-(OH)2D3 receptors migrated identically with its cellular counterpart that was synthesized in vivo employing metabolic labeling of cell protein with [35S]methionine. In vitro translation of poly(A)+ RNA derived from mouse 3T6 cells treated with 1,25-(OH)2D3 for 24-48 hr disclosed a 5-fold increase in receptor mRNA activity over untreated control cells. These results are consistent with the conclusions that 1,25-(OH)2D3 receptors are protein species ranging from 52 to 60 kDa and that, though their functional and immunological domains have been evolutionarily conserved, an inverse relationship apparently exists between phylogenetic status and receptor mass. The data also support the hypothesis that the presence of 1,25-(OH)2D3 leads to a significant increase in receptor mRNA activity in 3T6 cells, indicative of receptor autoregulation.
A framework for offshoring marketing processes in business-to-business marketing relationships

Outsourcing has been a prominent aspect of business strategies in the last three decades. Outsourcing of manufacturing processes is now complemented with outsourcing of various marketing process as well. More importantly, outsourcing to foreign locations — offshoring — has increased for marketing processes in recent years. In this context, the present paper develops a model that identifies the types of marketing interactions and processes that can be offshored in business-to-business markets. We suggest that the decision to offshore marketing processes and interactions depend upon the interaction process that is preferred and the importance of interaction process itself. Marketing interactions that are not critically important and/or those that can be performed through technology can be easily offshored. However, other marketing processes need to be examined in depth before being offshored. Implications for research and practice in the area of offshoring, as well as in the broader area of outsourcing, are also highlighted.
Universal scaling and echoing in the gravitational collapse of a complex scalar field.

This paper studies the gravitational collapse of a complex scalar field at the threshold for black hole formation, assuming that the collapse is spherically symmetric and continuously self-similar. A new solution of the coupled Einstein-scalar field equations is derived, after a small amount of numerical work with ordinary differential equations. The universal scaling and echoing behavior discovered by Choptuik in spherically symmetrical gravitational collapse appears in a somewhat different form. The properties of the end state of the collapse are derived: The collapse leaves behind an irregular outgoing pulse of scalar radiation, with an approximately flat spacetime within it.
A Non-Markovian Process with Unbounded $p$-Variation

A recent theorem by M. Manstavicius (2004) provided a link between a certain function of transition probabilities of a strong Markov process and the boundedness of the $p$-variation of its trajectories. Here one assumption of that theorem is relaxed and an example is constructed to show that the Markov property cannot be easily dispensed with.
The paediatric lipid clinic in Birmingham.

Public and professional awareness of lipid disorders and their relevance to premature vascular disease is growing rapidly. Many families who have suffered from premature vascular disease now realise that risks can be reduced. The Birmingham paediatric lipid clinic was born over three years ago in an attempt to satisfy this unmet need. This short paper concentrates on two aspects only: the selection of high risk children and the practical organization of the clinic.
Cell types and hydrolytic enzymes of soft shell clam (Mya arenaria) hemocytes

Hemocytes of the soft shell clam, Mya arenaria, based on appearance after Romanowsky-type staining, can be shown to be either granulocytes or agranulocytes comprising 76.5 and 23.5% of the total cell population, respectively. Cytoplasmic granules are basophilic, eosinophilic, or refractile. Cytochemical studies indicate that these cells are markedly heterogeneous with respect to certain hydrolytic lysosomal enzymes and in cytoplasmic glycogen and lipofuscin. The overall activities of these enzymes in clam hemocytes, as estimated by the number of reactive sites, were unrelated to one another. Using consecutive double-staining techniques, individual cells were also found to vary in their enzyme content. These findings emphasize the biochemical individuality of circulating hemocytes and the variations noted probably reflect differences in number and composition of lysosomes.
Aphid Thermal Tolerance Is Governed by a Point Mutation in Bacterial Symbionts

Symbiosis is a ubiquitous phenomenon generating biological complexity, affecting adaptation, and expanding ecological capabilities. However, symbionts, which can be subject to genetic limitations such as clonality and genomic degradation, also impose constraints on hosts. A model of obligate symbiosis is that between aphids and the bacterium Buchnera aphidicola, which supplies essential nutrients. We report a mutation in Buchnera of the aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum that recurs in laboratory lines and occurs in field populations. This single nucleotide deletion affects a homopolymeric run within the heat-shock transcriptional promoter for ibpA, encoding a small heat-shock protein. This Buchnera mutation virtually eliminates the transcriptional response of ibpA to heat stress and lowers its expression even at cool or moderate temperatures. Furthermore, this symbiont mutation dramatically affects host fitness in a manner dependent on thermal environment. Following a short heat exposure as juveniles, aphids bearing short-allele symbionts produced few or no progeny and contained almost no Buchnera, in contrast to aphids bearing symbionts without the deletion. Conversely, under constant cool conditions, aphids containing symbionts with the short allele reproduced earlier and maintained higher reproductive rates. The short allele has appreciable frequencies in field populations (up to 20%), further supporting the view that lowering of ibpA expression improves host fitness under some conditions. This recurring Buchnera mutation governs thermal tolerance of aphid hosts. Other cases in which symbiont microevolution has a major effect on host ecological tolerance are likely to be widespread because of the high mutation rates of symbiotic bacteria and their crucial roles in host metabolism and development.
Treatment issues and Cognitive Behavior techniques with battered women

Described in this paper is the use off Cognitive Behavior techniques with battered women. Through reeducation, women are taught to identify, analyze, and change distorted beliefs that impact upon the way they feel and respond to abuse. Through this process, battered women are empowered to respond to life situations in a more self-enhancing manner.
Separation between modulator-dependent protein kinases I and II

The separation of modulator-dependent protein kinase I from modulator-dependent protein kinase II obtained from the lungs of sexually premature male mice was accomplished by Sephadex G-200 gel filtration. After preincubation of a mouse lung cytosol fraction with arginine-rich histone, theophylline, cyclic GMP and crude protein kinase modulator, a cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase activity peak present in a non-preincubated sample completely disappeared and was replaced by a late-eluted modulator-dependent protein kinase II peak. There was a difference in substrate specificity between modulator-dependent protein kinase I and modulator-dependent protein kinase II despite their similar dependence on crude protein kinase modulator or partially purified stimulatory protein kinase modulator for their maximal activities.
Electric field-induced structure in poly(acrylonitrile)

Experimental evidence has been obtained for alteration of the molecular organization in polyacrylonitrile which has been given a thermoelectric treatment that creates a persistent electrical polarization. These studies have involved infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffractometry, and their results have been interpreted as suggesting the existence of dipolar clusters in polarized material. These clusters cause polyacrylonitrile chains to adopt a structure which is different from any previously reported for this material. It is suggested that stability of the polarized state of polyacrylonitrile results, in part, from this new molecular organization.
Methods for fractionation and scintillation counting of radioisotope-labeled polyacrylamide gels.

Abstract This paper describes two polyacrylamide gel fractionators. One can be easily constructed from disposable syringes and used for fractionating standard-size analytical gels. The second is more complex but can be used for fractionating miniature gels. A rapid method of preparing gel fractions for liquid-scintillation counting is also presented. The method gives high counting efficiency, does not require hydrolysis of the gel prior to counting, and allows gel fractions to be collected directly in scintillation vials.
Modeling of moisture diffusion in the presence of bi-axial damage in polymer matrix composite laminates

Abstract It is now well known that Fick’s Law is frequently inadequate for describing moisture diffusion in polymers and polymer composites. Non-Fickian or anomalous diffusion is likely to occur when a polymer composite laminate is subjected to external stresses that could give rise to internal damage in the form of matrix cracks. As a result, it is necessary to take into account the combined effects of temperature, stress (or strain), and damage in the construction of such a model. In this paper, a modeling methodology based on irreversible thermodynamics applied within the framework of composite macro-mechanics is extended to the case of a bi-axially damaged laminate. The model allows characterization of non-Fickian diffusion coefficients as well as moisture saturation level from moisture weight gain data for laminates with pre-existing and non-evolving damage. A symmetric damage tensor based on continuum damage mechanics is incorporated in this model by invoking the principle of invariance with respect to coordinate transformations. For tractability, the diffusion governing equations are simplified for the special case of a laminate with bi-axially oriented matrix cracks that is subjected to a uniaxial tensile stress. The final equations obtained from this derivation indicate that both effective diffusivity and maximum saturation level for this particular case can be expressed as quadratic functions of crack density. Comparisons with test data for a bi-axially damaged AS4/PR500 graphite/epoxy woven composite are provided for model verifications.
A case of molar ectopic pregnancy

Abstract Objective To evaluate the occurrence of molar pregnancy in tubal ectopic pregnancy. Design Case report. Setting Outpatient clinic. Patient(s) A 27-year-old woman. Intervention(s) Salpingectomy. Main outcome measure(s) Molar ectopic pregnancy. Result(s) Ectopic partial molar pregnancy. Conclusion(s) Molar pregnancy can occur in ectopic pregnancy. Molar pregnancy clinically mimics normal tubal ectopic pregnancy.
Clinical characteristics of silent corticotrophic adenomas and creation of an internet-accessible database to facilitate their multi-institutional study.

Objective Silent corticotrophic adenomas (SCAs) of the pituitary gland present as clinically nonfunctioning sellar lesions, with normal serum and urine hormone testing results, but stain positively for adrenocorticotropic hormone in immunohistochemical analyses. These tumors are now more readily recognized, but determination of their natural history and responses to treatment is difficult because of their rarity. We report the diagnoses and outcomes for a series of patients with SCAs, and we describe the creation of an Internet-accessible database (www.hsc.virginia.edu/neuro/neurosurgery/pituitary.html) for collection of multi-institutional data on these lesions. Methods The medical records of patients with documented SCAs who were treated at the University of Virginia between 1991 and 2002 were reviewed. A comprehensive data collection form was then created and posted online. Results Twenty-seven patients with SCAs were identified, with a female predominance (70%, P = 0.04). Headache was the most common presenting symptom (70%), followed by visual field deficits (52%), acute or subacute pituitary apoplexy (33%), cavernous sinus syndrome (18.5%), and hypopituitarism (11.1%). Extrasellar extension was noted for 92.6% of patients on preoperative magnetic resonance imaging scans. Transsphenoidal surgery was performed for all patients. Follow-up information was available for all patients (median, 60 mo; range, 3-254 mo). Postoperatively, 33% of patients received radiotherapy. Recurrence was noted for 37% of all patients and 41.7% of patients who did not receive postoperative radiotherapy. Conclusion SCAs, although clinically nonfunctioning, may behave like aggressive adrenocorticotropic hormone-secreting adenomas and therefore should receive vigorous follow-up monitoring, with consideration being given to the recommendation of radiotherapy in cases with residual tumor.
Characterization of novel anti-mouse thyrotropin monoclonal antibodies.

Mouse hybridoma cell lines have been raised to a peptide of the mouse thyrotropin-β (thyroid stimulating hormone [TSH]β) subunit of the TSH glycoprotein hormone molecule. Using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) capture technique with two anti-TSHβ monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), these reagents were found to have strong reactivity in a titration-dependent manner against normal mouse serum, and to precipitate under reducing conditions a 13-kDa product, the correct molecular size of the TSHβ component, from mouse sera. These MAbs had minimal reactivity in ELISA to bovine and rat TSH and slight reactivity to human TSH, demonstrating overall strong species specificity for mouse TSH. Due to the large number of inbred and genetically manipulated mice now available for experimental research, it is anticipated that these reagents will be of considerable value for in-depth studies into TSH-related physiological processes in ways that have not been feasible here-to-fore.
Why Do Suppliers Charge Larger Buyers Lower Prices

The phenomenon of input suppliers charging larger buyer firms, relative to smaller buyer firms, lower prices is commonly explained in terms of supplier economies of scale, supplier competition for larger buyers, and the larger bargaining power of larger buyers. This paper provides an alternative explanation, and shows that the observed direction of differential pricing can benefit the supplier by lowering the level of tacit collusion its buyers can sustain in their output market. This result also provides a new mechanism through which a ban on price discrimination by input suppliers may lower consumer welfare.
STUDIES ON THE MODE OF SPREAD OF B. ENTERITIDIS MOUSE TYPHOID INFECTION : I. NATIVE EPIDEMICITY.

Thirteen batches of mice from nine different sources were tested for the presence of mouse typhoid bacilli. Individuals from nine of the groups were found to be infected with the B. enteritidis type, four with the paratyphoid B, one with both, and one with neither type. With two exceptions, smooth type colonies alone were found. These results are in conformity with similar observations as reported by others and confirm the general belief that smooth colony types of paratyphoid-enteritidis bacilli prevail throughout the various stages of rodent typhoid infection.
Consistency of Performance Across Classrooms: Instructional Materials Versus Setting as Influencing Variables

This study explores the extent to which and the conditions under which five mildly handicappped students demonstrated consistency of academic performance in two school settings, a special education resource room and a regular education classroom. For each student, 9 to 15 specific arithmetic skills were tested using two types of accuracy measures: (a) criterion-referenced tests replicating the content and format of instructional materials used in the resource room and (b) curriculum probes simulating the task demands of the regular classroom curriculum. Comparison of student performance on criterion-referenced tests administered in the two settings is an indicator of the effect of setting changes alone on cross-classroom consistency of performance. Comparison of student performance on criterion-referenced tests and curriculum probes administered in the regular classroom is an indicator of the effect of different instructional materials on student performance in the same setting. Togegether, the tests indi...
An Analysis of the U.S. Supreme Court’s Decision in Ricci v. DeStefano: The New Haven Firefighter’s Case

Almost 6 months after winning their U.S. Supreme Court case, a group of New Haven, Connecticut, firefighters celebrated their victory in grand style. The decision in Ricci v. DeStefano proved that ...
Spray atomization and deposition of tantalum alloys

Abstract A Ta Fe alloy was atomized and spray-deposited. The spray deposition process was investigated experimentally and numerically. An induction skull melting (ISM) spray forming process was used. The spray formed materials and oversprayed powders were characterized using optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. A theoretical and numerical analysis was undertaken in order to gain some insight concerning the spray deposition of tantalum and complement the experimental data where measurements were impractical. These simulations are based on a previously developed multi-directional solidification model combined with a Navier-Stokes solver for flows with interfaces. Various droplet size and impact velocities consistent with the experiments were considered. The results show that liquid-jet overflow occurs only for droplets with a diameter larger than the mean size. Comparisons of the measured and calculated final splat sizes show that the numerical model gives a good estimate of the final droplet spreading behavior.
Methyl 5 (or 4)-(3,3-dimethyl-1-triazeno)imidazole-4 (or 5)-carboxylate (NSC 87982): mouse tissue concentrations as determined by microbiological assay.

SummaryUsing a strain of Escherichia coli ATCC 9637 resistant to 8-azaguanine, a microbiological assay has been developed for a new broad spectrum antimicrobial compound, methyl 5 (or 4)-(3,3-dimethyl-1-triazeno)-imidazole-4(or 5)-carboxylate (NSC 87982). As little as 0.75 μg of NSC 87982/ml of sample can be detected. The applicability of this assay has been demonstrated for the estimation of concentrations of this drug in various tissues of mice.
Solute Transport under Transient Flow Conditions Estimated Using Time Domain Reflectometry

Improved methods having high resolution in space and time are needed to monitor transport of soluble chemicals in soils. We used time domain reflectometry (TDR) to measure breakthrough curves (BTCs) for Br - during miscible displacement in repacked soil columns under nonsteady water flow conditions. A simple linear model was used to estimate soil solution electrical conductivity (σ w ) based on TDR-measured bulk soil electrical conductivity (σ a ) and volumetric water content (θ). An efficient calibration method was developed whereby required model parameters were estimated in the same soil volume and under the same flow conditions as were used in subsequent transport experiments. Breakthrough curves measured using TDR were similar to those based on electrical conductivity or Br - concentration in effluent fractions, although peak σ w were substantially lower for TDR than for effluent from two of the four soils. Effluent σ w BTCs were adequately predicted based on TDR σ a and θ for all four soils when parameters of the simple linear model or two alternative models were optimized to the effluent data. Time moments and convection- dispersion equation (CDE) transport parameters based on time moments of measured BTCs were similar for TDR and effluent analyses. Our results indicate that TDR has potential to monitor the status of representative concentrations of ionic solutes under laboratory and field conditions, without the need to impose steady water flow.
Performance analysis of a channel allocation scheme for multi-service mobile cellular networks

This paper presents a new channel allocation scheme, namely the dynamic partition with pre-emptive priority (DPPP) scheme, for multi-service mobile cellular networks. The system is modelled by a two-dimensional Markov process and analysed by the matrix-analytic method. A pre-emptive priority (PP) mechanism is employed to guarantee the quality of service (QoS) requirement of the real-time (RT) traffic at the expense of some degradation of non-real-time (NRT) traffic, while the victim buffer compensates the degradation and has no negative impact on the RT traffic. The complete service differentiation between new calls and handoff calls from different traffic classes is achieved by using the dynamic partition (DP) concept with the help of related design parameters. The performance analysis and numerical results show that the DPPP scheme, compared with the existing schemes, is effective and practical in multi-service environments. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pharmacological Regulation of Transcription Factor Binding

Organisms respond to extracellular stimuli by changing the expression of genes. Stimulation of the cell often induces a cascade of intracellular events that leads to activation of transcription factor DNA-binding complexes which modulate the transcription rate. Many cellular processes including development of the organism are dependent on these proteins to maintain proper levels of mRNA. A diversity of mechanisms has evolved to coordinate transcription factor binding to the specific DNA element which affects mRNA synthesis. Precise regulatory processes are present at the level of transcription, translation and posttranslation. Often, posttranslational processes alter affinities of factors to DNA-binding sites. In this review, the molecular controls of transcription factor binding to DNA will be examined, with specific examples of the pharmacologic regulation of transcription factor binding to DNA.
Bile secretion and its control in the newborn puppy.

ABSTRACT: To gain information about the ontogeny of neonatal biliary physiology, we determined gallbladder bile composition, hepatic bile flow and composition, and the choleretic effects of taurocholate, taurodehydrocholate, secretin, and glucagon in anesthetized puppies of 0-3 (n=13), 7-21 (n=9), and 28-42 (n=8) days of age, and in fed (n=4) and fasted (n=4) adult dogs. Although gallbladder bile volume was similar in all puppies, chloride concentration in gallbladder bile declined with age (54.2, 33.2, 22.6, 15.9, and 5.8 mEq/liter in these respective groups), and so did bicarbonate concentration (43.5, 26.1, 17.6, 11.4, and 5.7 mEq/liter). In contrast, the concentrations of sodium (175.4, 189.2, 224.5, 251.6, and 279.4 mEq/liter) and bile acids (77.8, 137.3, 206.2, 219.6, and 280.7 mEq/liter) increased. Spontaneous bile flow rate in 0- to 3-day-old puppies averaged 0.194 µl/min/g and increased to 0.365 µl/min/g in puppies of 28-42 days of age. The latter value was not significantly different from that in fed adult dogs (0.344 µl/min/g). 14C-erythritol bile-to-plasma ratio in spontaneously secreted bile increased with age (1.05, 1.08,1.26, 1.48, and 1.70), and chloride concentration decreased (96.8, 85.8, 79.2, 74.3, and 60.1 mEq/ liter). The choleretic activity of taurocholate (2 µmol/min/ kg) was the same in all puppies (7.8 µl/jumol) and adult animals (7.2 µl/fimoY). Taurodehydrocholate (2 µmol/min/ kg) increased bile flow by a greater magnitude, yet its choleretic activity in the puppies (13.3 µl/jtmol) was the same as that in adult dogs (12.7 µl/µmol). In all animals, total bile acid excretion accounted for 70-95% of the infused taurocholate or taurodehydrocholate. Secretin (1- 20 CU/kg/h) and glucagon (1-20 µg/kg/h) produced a minimal, or no effect on bile flow in 0- to 3-day-old puppies. In puppies of 28-42 days of age, the choleretic effect of these hormones was 30-45% of that seen in adult animals. These findings suggest that gallbladder and ductular bile water reabsorption, canalicular secretion, and hormone choleresis are all deficient processes in the newborn puppy and develop during postnatal life.
THE CULTURE OF WHOLE ORGANS : II. THE EFFECTS OF PERFUSION ON THE THYROID EPITHELIUM.

1. During the 1st and 2nd day of cultivation of the whole thyroid gland in the Lindbergh apparatus, perfused by a medium containing 20 or 40 per cent homologous serum diluted with glucose-Tyrode, the state of the thyroid epithelium remains histologically normal and even the most delicate cytological details retain their normal aspect. 2. Cultivation over a period up to 6 days need not cause any serious histological alteration of the gland; but cytological examination reveals an increasingly damaged condition of the mitochondria and the Golgi apparatus. These changes seem not to interfere with the life of the cells, however; epithelial culture from the perfused organs yields positive results. 3. The process of cultivation is liable to cause a slight morphological reaction in the thyroid epithelium, which resembles a feeble stimulation of the tissue. 4. Addition of the thyro-stimulating factor from the anterior pituitary to the perfusion fluid causes a stimulation of the cultivated thyroid epithelium which is comparable to, but not so marked as, the corresponding reaction in the living animal.
Supersonic jet noise reduction by chevrons and fluidic injection

This work focuses on the noise reduction capabilities of chevrons, fluidic injection, and a combination of both. The control mechanisms were experimentally investigated for over, under, and ideally expanded operating conditions. Acoustic far-field data was collected to quantify noise reductions and changes to the flow field through use of theoretical relations. Results show appreciable noise reduction by both fluidic injection and chevrons. Optimal performance of the two technologies occured at opposite ends of the operation envelope, with the chevrons performing better in the underexpanded regime and the fluidics in the overexpanded regime. The combination of the two technologies was also shown to achieve substantial noise reduction, but direct additive benefits were not always gained. This result is still important as it shows fluidic injection can be employed on complex geometry nozzles, such as that on the F-35, and still achieve noise reduction.
Biological activity of phosphorylated and dephosphorylated bovine prolactin

Phosphorylation is a mechanism by which cells regulate structure and function of proteins. We have previously demonstrated in vivo synthesis and secretion of phosphorylated bovine prolactin (bPRL) from the pituitary, and have isolated and partially characterized the phosphorylated bPRL. In order to investigate the structure/function role of phosphorylation on the biological activity of bPRL, we compared the activities of nonphosphorylated and phosphorylated bPRL isolated from pituitaries, with bPRL provided by the NIDDK (NIDDK-bPRL) to stimulate Nb2 cell proliferation. Nonphosphorylated bPRL has activity similar to, although slightly lower than that of NIDDK bPRL (ED50 = 7.03 pM and 22.8 pM, respectively). The activity of phosphorylated bPRL is significantly reduced (ED50 = 1066 pM). Using Nb2 lymphoma cell homogenate, NIDDK and nonphosphorylated bPRLs are equally effective in competitive receptor binding assays (Kd = 0.252 and 0.269 nM, respectively). Phosphorylated bPRL does not compete for the PRL receptor at concentrations up to 65 nM. Following enzymatic removal of the phosphate group using alkaline phosphatase, there is an increase in the biological activity of phosphorylated bPRL (ED50 = 73.3 pM) while the activity of nonphosphorylated BPRL remained unchanged following enzyme treatment (21.4 pM). We conclude that (1) structural changes induced by phosphorylation of bPRL are responsible for loss of bioactivity, (2) dephosphorylation of phosphorylated bPRL restores biological activity, and (3) the reduction in biological activity of phosphorylated bPRL is mediated by a decrease in receptor binding.
Simulation in CNS/ATM research with examples from the United States

Abstract Technology advances, particularly in computer hardware and software, have made simulation an essential tool in Communications, Navigation, and Surveillance/Air Traffic Management (CNS/ATM) research and development. Both real and fast time simulations find use in applications ranging from early concept exploration to pre-operational laboratory testing. ATM research labs throughout the world are making common use of these tools. They range from relatively small-scale labs at universities to costly high fidelity cockpit and ATC simulators at major government labs, such as NASA Ames Research Center. Networked simulators are making it possible to study the complex interactions of numerous actors (computers and people), possibly with new roles, in future ATM systems.
Temporal response characteristics of cells in monkey striate cortex measured with metacontrast masking and brightness discrimination.

Abstract After measuring metacontrast masking psychophysically in two monkeys, recordings from parafoveal striate cortex of the monkeys were made while they performed a simultaneous brightness discrimination and while they judged the apparent brightness of a stimulus masked by metacontrast. The size and orientation of the stimuli were held constant regardless of receptive field parameters. In both tasks, the single-cell activity immediately following the presentation of flashed discrimination stimuli reflected only stimulus parameters, and was independent of the monkey's behavioral choice. Later activity (up to 400 msec post-stimulus) was significantly greater if the monkey was about to press the correct panel in the discrimination, or if he pressed the unmasked side (with greater apparent brightness but identical intensity) in the masking paradigm. One quarter of the cells showed a change in firing rate during the 250 msec preceding the behavioral response, though the difference in overall firing level between correct and incorrect brightness discrimination trials was diminished in this epoch, and the corresponding firing difference in metacontrast trials was not significant. The temporal pattern of firing also differed between correct and incorrect trials in the pre-response interval. The results suggest an iterative or recurrent coding of visual information, where the same cells participate in early, late, and pre-response coding in different ways.
Effect of hevin deletion in mice and characterization in trabecular meshwork.

Primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) is a major cause of blindness, and elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is a causative factor for the development and progression of disease.1 In POAG, visual impairment occurs from loss of the visual field through the progressive loss of retinal ganglion cell axons. One of the primary mechanisms of glaucomatous damage is barotrauma at the level of the lamina cribrosa in the optic nerve, causing mechanical compression and decreased ocular perfusion.2 Lowering IOP is the proven treatment for POAG.3 The elevated IOP in POAG is caused by increased resistance to aqueous drainage.4 Aqueous humor drains through both the conventional pathway, in which the juxtacanalicular portion of the trabecular meshwork (TM) is the anatomic location of the highest resistance to outflow, and the uveoscleral pathway.5 In both pathways, the balance of extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition/turnover has been shown to influence IOP.6 The regulatory mechanisms of ECM turnover remain elusive. Transforming growth factor-beta2 (TGF-β2) is elevated in the aqueous humor of up to 50% of patients with POAG.7,8 TGF-β2 increases IOP and alters ECM in the juxtacanalicular TM.9 Proteins known to modulate ECM in other tissues may play a prominent role in ECM deposition/turnover and IOP regulation in the TM. Matricellular proteins are nonstructural, secreted glycoproteins that regulate ECM turnover in other human tissues.10 The matricellular protein family includes SPARC (secreted protein, acidic and rich in cysteine), thrombospondins 1 and 2, tenascins C and X, hevin, and osteopontin.10 SPARC, the prototypical matricellular protein, is located within the previously described GLC1M locus,11 one of the highest transcribed genes in TM, and is found throughout the TM, especially within the JCT region.10 In response to mechanical stretch, a physiologic stress to TM, SPARC is one of the most highly upregulated genes in TM cell cultures.12 Furthermore, SPARC-null mice have a 15% to 20% lower IOP and enhanced aqueous drainage than their corresponding wild-type mice.13 Hevin is an evolutionary product of a gene duplication of SPARC and shares a high degree, approximately 65%, of structural similarity with SPARC.14 Hevin is known to regulate decorin and collagen fibrillogenesis and to bind to collagen I and myocilin.15–17 Myocilin causes an accumulation of hevin, and mutated myocilin further impairs hevin secretion.16 It is unknown whether hevin is expressed in TM. We sought to investigate the effects of hevin deletion in transgenic mice, characterize the expression of hevin in human and murine TM, and assess the response of SPARC and hevin to TGF-β2. Because of the high degree of similarity to SPARC,14 we hypothesized that hevin will participate in the regulation of IOP, the transgenic deletion of hevin will result in a lower IOP compared with corresponding wild-type mice, and hevin will be expressed throughout the TM.
Molecular genetics of a ciliate

The macronuclei of hypotrichs contains only gene-sized DNA molecules. About 24,000 different molecules are present, with an average copy number of 1,000. All molecules have the same inverted terminal repeat sequence of 36 bases. The gene-sized molecules are created by excision from chromosomes during macronuclear development with destruction of spacer sequences between genes. Spacers represent 95% of the genome. The gene-sized molecules are individual replicons with DNA initiation occurring at or near one or both ends. Replication of the millions of molecules is achieved by replication machinery that traverses the macronucleus in a wave.
First-principles simulations of structural, electronic, and magnetic properties of vacancy-bearing Fe silicates

We study the structural, electronic, and magnetic properties of vacancy-bearing silicate mineral, Fe 2 SiO 4 using first-principles density-functional theory (DFT). Our DFT-simulated structure, which is compositionally close to naturally occurring laihunite compound shows good agreement in the general trend in the change in Fe 2 SiO 4 crystal structure upon vacancy introduction. Our study shows that the introduction of vacancy creates charge disproportionation of Fe ions into Fe 2+ -like and Fe 3+ -like ions with a charge difference larger than 0.5, keeping the valences of other ions unaltered. Fe 2+ -like ions are found to occupy octahedral sites of specific symmetry while Fe 3+ -like occupy the other leading to charge ordering at zero temperature. We also study the magnetic ordering of Fe ions.
Factors Influencing Hospital Patients' Preferences in the Utilization of Life-Sustaining Treatments

Ninety-seven elderly hospitalized patients were asked about their preferences for several treatments under three hypothetical levels of future cognitive functioning: intact, confused, and unconscious. Levels of cognitive functioning and depression were also assessed. Sixty-six percent of the patients were more likely to want treatment if they expected to be cognitively intact than when a future condition involved impaired cognition; 36% did not want any treatment in at least 75% of the conditions; and 16% wanted treatment in at least 75% of the conditions studied. A minority (12%) did not show any pattern in their preferences. The absence of a definite pattern was related to lower levels of education and to higher levels of depressive symptoms. Patients self-reported their preferences for treatments being influenced most by their personal values, religion, and by experiences with illnesses of others.
Immediate and delayed effects of laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication on pulmonary function

Background: An effort was made to assess the respiratory outcomes of laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication (LNF). Methods: Prospective follow-up of 69 patients undergoing LNF for gastroesophageal reflux disease. Outcomes included pulmonary function testing, 24-h pH recording, esophageal manometry, and symptom assessment. Results: There was an improvement (p < 0.0001) in heartburn and cough scores. There was a significant fall in spirometry (p < 0001), diffusing capacity (p < 0.0001), and respiratory muscle strength (p < 0.0001) 36 h after surgery, which had returned to baseline by 1 month. At 6 months, the patients (n= 16) with impaired preoperative diffusing capacity showed improvement (17.8 ± 3.7 to 19.8 ± 4.6 ml/min/mmHg, p= 0.0245). Conclusion: Patients undergoing LNF have impaired gas exchange before surgery which tends to improve 6 months after surgery. There is an early reversible impairment in respiratory function due to diaphragm dysfunction. Patients with a preoperative 1-s forced expired volume > 1.5, or 50% predicted, are unlikely to develop signficant early respiratory complication.