cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Association of Cardiovascular Health and Cognition

More than a third of dementia cases are potentially attributable to modifiable risk factors. The objective of this review is to summarize the evidence linking overall cardiovascular health (CVH) profile and modifiable cardiovascular disease risk factors (CVDRF) with cognition. We conducted online searches for all relevant literature describing the relationship between CVDRF, overall CVH profile, and dementia. Studies have shown a positive association with the presence of clinical or subclinical CVD and accelerated cognitive decline. Individual CVH factors such as hypertension, diabetes, smoking, physical activity, and diet are independently associated with cognition. The association is, however, less clear for dyslipidemia and obesity. The mechanisms that define these associations are complex and mainly derived from vascular and cellular pathways affecting amyloid beta burden and brain volume. This review summarizes salient literature that highlight the role of a favorable CVH profile and optimum CVDRF levels, particularly in midlife to prevent decline in cognitive function.
A Cultural Repertoire of Practices in Doctoral Education

Culture is frequently characterized as a concept with which students must contend to succeed in college as well as a distinct, consistent characteristic of the institution. This article focuses on culture as an active repertoire of behaviors, beliefs, and actions that include symbols of meaning and cultural practices selectively used by group members. Using the example of doctoral student socialization, the study considers how students organize and interpret culture, rather than simply how culture organizes individuals. Implications for future thematic research regarding culture are discussed.
Efficacy of Laparoscopy in Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Abdominal Pain of Unknown Origin

Chronic abdominal pain of unknown origin is a challenging diagnosis encountered by clinicians. Patients often undergo an extensive workup and long periods of uncertainty without the establishment of a definitive diagnosis. Diagnostic laparoscopy is a relatively safe procedure that can be used as an effective diagnostic and therapeutic tool in treating this disease. This was a retrospective, single-institution study exploring the efficacy of diagnostic laparoscopy in treating chronic abdominal pain of unknown origin. More than 90 per cent of laparoscopies resulted in a positive finding, with adhesions being the most common. A total of 50 per cent of patients experienced resolution of symptoms on follow-up. Patients were overwhelmingly satisfied with their postoperative outcomes and willing to undergo the procedure again with their outcomes in mind.
Athletic trainer employment, physician access and care delivery in secondary schools.

Objective: To evaluate the source of employment of athletic trainers (ATs), access to team physicians, and usage of up-to-date (implementation of the most current international sports medicine soci...
Impact of interhospital transfer on clinical outcomes and costs of extracorporeal life support.

Abstract Background The impact of interhospital transfers for extracorporeal life support have not been studied in large datasets. The present study sought to determine the impact of such patient transfers on survival, complications, and hospitalization costs. Methods The 2010 to 2016 database of the National Inpatient Sample was used to identify all adults who underwent extracorporeal life support. Patients were categorized based on whether or not they were transferred to another facility. Trend analysis and multivariable models were used to characterize the impact of inter hospital transfer on in-hospital mortality, complications, duration of stay, and costs. Results Of an estimated 29,298 extracorporeal life support hospitalizations during the study period, 36.8% were transferred from an outside facility. Extracorporeal life support hospitalizations experienced a 7-fold increase with no difference in mortality between transferred and not transferred cohorts in 2016 (4.79% vs 4.79%, P = .97). Mortality rates were less for patients transferred to high volume centers compared to low volume hospitals (48.7% vs 51.6%, P Conclusion Utilization of extracorporeal life support in both transferred and not transferred patients has statistically significantly increased with a decrement in mortality for those transferred. Survival in the transferred cohort is strongly associated with extracorporeal life support procedure volume of the center and this must be taken into account when considering extracorporeal life support transfer.
Radiation Therapy for Advanced-Stage Hodgkin Lymphoma.

Abstract The backbone of treatment for patients with advanced-stage Hodgkin lymphoma is systemic therapy. The use of radiation therapy as a component of combined-modality treatment in this setting is controversial. In this review, we describe the data in support of and against the use of radiation therapy for stage III and IV Hodgkin lymphoma. Specifically, we review the data for the use of radiation therapy in the consolidation and partial-response settings, including for patients with initial bulky disease. We also discuss the use of radiation therapy in the era of more modern systemic therapies, including checkpoint inhibitors and brentuximab vedotin.
Developing Multiple-Choice Questions for Anatomy Examinations

Multiple-choice questions (MCQs) can be an efficient and reliable way to assess student learning, but they are difficult and time consuming to construct. When developing an MCQ, one must avoid common flaws (e.g., negative phrasing or grammatical cues) that can lead to poor question performance. At the same time, the question must evaluate content that is driven by course and/or session learning objectives. Targeting specific cognitive levels with questions can be achieved using Bloom’s taxonomy, both on written and laboratory examinations. Along with these general guidelines, anatomy educators teaching in healthcare fields face additional challenges when it comes to item construction, such as creating a question stem and answer options that are plausible and highlight clinically relevant information. Following an examination, it is critical that psychometric data on question performance is considered to help highlight overlooked flaws or questions that were not written clearly. This chapter will guide the reader through all the necessary steps from the initial development of a question to interpreting its performance on an examination. While becoming a good question writer takes time and practice, the content outlined in this chapter will provide a solid foundation that can be built upon with practical experience.
Form and Character in Duke Ellington's and Billy Strayhorn's Such Sweet Thunder

Form and Character work not separately, but together, in the jazz suite entitled Such Sweet Thunder, and their interaction suggests ways in which we who study and teach Shakespeare might be influenced by Ellington's and Strayhorn's compositional practices. The suite consists of twelve instrumentals of various lengths, each linked by its title and by programmatic commentary to various Shakespearean characters and works. When Such Sweet Thunder has received critical notice, the focus has been on the success or failure of the individual songs' evocation either of character or of Shakespearean verse itself. Ellington, however, asserts a more complex objective, claiming that he and Strayhorn had endeavored to "parallel the vignettes of some of the Shakespearean characters": that is, they tried to present, in musical terms, the characters in scenes, in dramatic context. They succeed in conveying a sense of selected characters by crafting analogues both to specific elements of Shakespeare's stagecraft and to formal structures in his works.
Profile Analysis and Risk Assessment: Identifying Distinct Patterns of Risks and Needs:

The goal of this study was to identify distinct and meaningful profiles of the seven criminogenic risk and need domains included on the Ohio Youth Assessment System—Disposition Tool (OYAS-DIS). Thi...
Dislocation blocking in elastically anisotropic semiconductor thin films

One strategy for decreasing the density of threading dislocations penetrating the surface of a heteroepitaxial semiconductor film is that in which the greater mechanical stiffness of a dislocation blocking layer acts to reduce the Peach–Koehler image forces acting on the leading segment of the half loop generated by dislocation multiplication sources at the heteroepitaxial interface situated below the blocking layer. Reducing the Peach–Koehler force, drawing the half loop to the film surface, helps prevent the two threading arms of the half loop from becoming threading dislocations once the half loop penetrates the film surface. The calculation of the Peach–Koehler force employs an analytical continuation formalism using anisotropic elasticity theory for treating dislocation image forces generated by three heteroepitaxial interfaces corresponding to the top and bottom interfaces of the blocking layer and the film surface. The system used in this calculation is that of a Ge film grown on a (001) Si substrate, using a SiGe blocking layer just below the critical thickness for dislocation generation. It is found that the dislocation blocking is favored by thinner blocking layers of greater mechanical stiffness, rather than thicker blocking layers of moderate mechanical stiffness. Specifically, for the blocking layers of composition Si0.2Ge0.8, Si0.3Ge0.7, and Si0.4Ge0.6, of thickness 50, 18, and 10 nm, respectively, it is the thinnest (and mechanically stiffest) layer (Si0.4Ge0.6, 10 nm) that brings about the greatest reduction in the Peach–Koehler force, drawing the leading segment of the half loop to the surface of the film.
A 1.2V, 10.8mW, 500kHz Sigma-Delta Modulator with 84dB SNDR and 96dB SFDR

A 1.2V switched-capacitor sigma-delta modulator achieves 96dB peak SFDR and 84dB peak SNDR at 1 MS/s in a 0.13mum 6M1P general-purpose CMOS process. The high linearity is achieved by using high-gain op-amps and bootstrapped sampling switches. The power dissipation is 10.8mW at 64MHz clock frequency, excluding the voltage references
Internet Teaching Methods Across The Disciplines

Issues in teaching various types of information through web-based instruction are explored. The questions of distinctions between content and process courses are evaluated. Some ways in which the resistance to web based learning as a medium of communication can be broken down are covered. Interdisciplinary thinking offers new solutions and hybrid approaches to emerging challenges of educating over the net. Pulling from the seemingly disparate fields of Accounting & Finance, Chemistry, and Rhetoric & Composition new vectors of thinking can be forged. The authors teach online courses in their disciplines. They have drawn on their experiences and the experiences of others to find solutions to problems encountered with distance education. The medium of education over the Internet blurs traditional distinctions of forms and methods of learning.
FRACTURE OF CEMENT AND CONCRETE.

ABSTRACT Various investigators have carried out tests to determine KIc values for Portland cement mortar, concrete and fiber reinforced concrete. The value of KIc is generally derived from experimental values of the maximum load, the length of the premolded notch and the relevant LEFM formula. The reported values vary widely even for essentially similar materials. This apparent inapplicability of the conventional LEFM approach results from a substantial slow crack growth that occurs prior to peak load and a large nonlinear fracture process zone around the crack tip. Theoretical and experimental methods to include these nonlinear effects are described in this plenary paper. The method proposed considers the nonlinear coupling among the closing pressure in the fracture process zone, and the crack opening displacement and the specimen geometry, as well as the energy absorbed in the fracture process zone.
Thermal Conductivity of Braided Superconductor Systems

A program to measure the thermal conductivity of braided superconductors in several epoxy-supported coil forms has been in progress for the last two years. This presentation covers only this portion of the program, which also included determination of baffling on heat transfer and the surface coefficients for both liquid and supercritical helium.
Mixed adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of the uterus

Abstract Twenty-eight cases of mixed adenocarcinoma and squamous-cell carcinoma of the uterus have been described. Eleven of these were located in the body of the uterus and 17 in the cervix. They form approximately 1 per cent of the entire group of uterine carcinomas. The symptoms and signs do not differ appreciably from those of the more common varieties of carcinoma found in the uterine fundus and cervix. Eighty-three per cent of the mixed adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix were Graded 3 and 4, according to Broders' classification, whereas 82 per cent of the carcinomas of the uterine body were Graded 1 and 2. In mixed cell carcinomas of the cervix neither glandular nor squamous cell elements predominated, whereas the adenomatous clement was predominant in all cases of carcinoma of the body of the uterus.
Clinical Significance of a Positive Antinuclear Antibody Test.

A30-year-oldwoman presented to the rheumatology clinic after experiencing 2months of fatigue and polyarthralgias of thewrists, hands, knees, and feet. She reported no joint swelling ormorning stiffness. She previously saw her primary care physicianwho prescribed celecoxib (for joint pain) and ordered antinuclear antibody (ANA) testing,whichwas positive at a value of 1:80 (Table). Shewas then referred to the rheumatology clinic. The patient reported nohistoryof fever,weight loss,photosensitivity,malar rashes, skin thickening,oral ornasalulcers, weakness, Raynaud phenomenon, sicca symptoms, chest pain, shortness of breath, or abdominalpain.Shewasnot takinganymedicationsbecause2weeksafter startingcelecoxib, her joint pain resolved and she discontinued usewithout recurrence of pain. The patient had nofamilyhistoryofautoimmunediseases.Onexamination,hervitalsigns, includingbloodpressure, were normal; and results of skin, thyroid, musculoskeletal, mucus membranes, cardiovascular,pulmonary,andneurologicexaminationswereallnormal.Additionaltestresults,which were obtained after her rheumatology visit, are presented in the Table.
An internal microparticle target for a storage ring with electron cooling

Abstract The use of microparticles for internal targets in storage rings is investigated. The design and construction of a specific microparticle target are described in detail. In the scheme used here, the particulate material is suspended in a carrier gas and accelerated in the flow of the gas through a capillary. The resulting microparticle beam is crossed with the stored ion beam. The target has been tested in a stored, cooled proton beam at the Indiana Cooler. Target thicknesses achieved range from 3×1013 to 2×1015 atoms/cm2.
Stellar Positioning System (Part I): An Autonomous Position Determination Solution

Two theoretical approaches for determining position using star observations are presented, the Attitude Matrix Solution and Inner Product Solution. Both approaches are designed for implementation in an autonomous Stellar Positioning System that uses the following measurement sources: an astronomical camera, a clock, and a set of two inclinometers. Before presenting the algorithms, the reference frames utilized throughout are defined. The two position estimation techniques are then individually presented, followed by a discussion of gravity model and geometric model refinements.
Order and disorder at the improper ferroelectric transition of chromium-chlorine boracite

Abstract A light scattering study of Cr3B7O13Cl at temperatures near Tc has provided evidence for both displacive and disorder-order behaviour. The primary (soft mode) and secondary (optic mode) order parameters have a related but different temperature dependence from the disorder-order parameter, indicating they arise from different atomic movements. An intense central peak is observed whose temperature dependence resembles the specific heat anomaly in isomorphous Ni3B7O13Cl.
Golf, Tourism and the 2010 Ryder Cup: (De)constructing Images of Wales

The Ryder Cup is the premier team competition in the sport of golf. Contested on a biennial basis between the best players from the USA and Europe, it is now one of the biggest sporting events in the world. Wales hosted the competition for the first time in 2010 when the Celtic Manor Resort in Newport staged the event. The 2010 Ryder Cup provided an important opportunity for Wales to promote and position itself in the international sporting arena and to develop its profile as a tourist destination. Through reference to various promotional and policy documentation, this research looks at just how the country was portrayed in the lead up to the event and what this means for golf, tourism and the (re)presentation of Wales. The work addresses the role of image in the marketing of Wales as a tourist destination and considers some of the problems stakeholders face in developing a distinct and identifiable product.
Self-Representation & Good Determination

I argue that a distinction made in recent literature in the philosophy of mind between self-organizing and self-governing systems can serve as the basis of a principled distinction between ‘good’ and ‘bad’ determination on the part of the compatibilist with respect to freedom or control. I first consider two arguments for the claim that causal determinism undermines control: the Consequence Argument as presented by Peter van Inwagen, and the Four Case Argument of Derk Pereboom. I then elucidate the difference between a self-organizing and self-governing system, and argue that the capacity for self-representation that is constitutive of the latter allows for agential control. This difference, I argue, can provide the basis of a principled distinction between good and bad determination. I subsequently show how the framework presented undermines the Consequence and Four Case Arguments in their attempt to establish the claim that causal determinism undermines control, and I discuss the application of this framework to manipulation arguments in general. Finally, I consider and respond to Galen Strawson’s Basic Argument and the general rejoinder to my account that one is not responsible for the particular way in which one exercises one’s capacity for self-representation, and that this undermines any claim to agential control and responsibility.
Using an Adaptive Methodology to Study Human–Animal Interactions in Cultural Context

ABSTRACTThis paper presents an adaptive methodology to study child–pet interactions in diverse cultural groups. A systematic and procedural guideline, in the form of a process flow which graphically encapsulates the abstractions of the ethnographic research paradigm is presented. The methodology is based on the iterative and self-corrective features of the ethnographic approach, and is shown to be effective in uncovering detailed and culturally nuanced data. The approach involves adaptations, if needed, during the course of research as opposed to strict application of initial designs that may prove to be culturally inappropriate or irrelevant. The iterative nature of the process involves the following recurring cycle of collection of data, analysis, check for validation, and if not satisfactory, adaptation leading back to collection of more data. This cycle repeats until valid results are found. This methodology was used in the context of a 3-year study which involved 90 children from six different cultur...
Two-dimensional optical Clos interconnection network and its uses.

A 2-D optical three-stage Clos interconnection network, which is made up of a number of feasible crossbars of medium size, is implemented for dynamic data communications. The network is nonblocking and can handle a large number of communication lines (compared with crossbar networks of realizable size). Both one-to-one and one-to-many routing algorithms are discussed. Applications based on the Clos network are proposed for SIMD (single instruction multiple data) parallel computations and four-level programmable logic arrays (PLAs).
Abstract 3474: Ovarian cancer tumor initiating cells persist after paclitaxel and carboplatinum treatmentin vivo

Recurrent ovarian cancer is believed to be due, in part, to the presence of cancer stem cells that escape the cytotoxic effects of standard chemotherapeutics and lead to relapse. Results from our laboratory and others suggest that human ovarian tumors contain rare populations of cells that are capable of initiating new tumor formation in vivo. Our objective was to analyze the effect of platinum based chemotherapy on these tumor initiating cell populations in a genetically defined mouse model of ovarian cancer. Our studies focused on a mouse ovarian cancer cell line (T2) with defined mutations in TP53, c-MYC and AKT that readily forms aggressive tumors following subcutaneous injection into non-diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient (NOD-SCID) mice. We used flow cytometry to evaluate the T2 induced tumors for expression of stem cell antigen-1 (Sca1), a known marker of murine stem cells, and CD133, an antigen which has been shown to enrich for tumor initiating cells derived from human ovarian tumors. FACS based isolation of Sca1+ and CD133+ T2 tumor-derived cells followed by injection into NOD/SCID mice assessed their relative tumor initiating capacity. Mice bearing T2-derived tumors were treated with either vehicle or paclitaxel and carboplatinum (T/C) to evaluate the effect of T/C on the Sca1+ and CD133+ tumor cell population. We consistently observed that Sca1+ and the CD133 + cells comprised 3-7% and 0.1-0.4 % of the total cell population in T2-derived tumors, respectively. Following FACS based isolation and injection into NOD/SCID mice, Sca1+ and CD133 + cells were able to form tumors much more rapidly and at lower cell numbers than their Sca1- and CD133- counterparts, suggesting that the Sca1+ and CD133+ populations are enriched in tumor initiating cells. Although, administration of T/C resulted in a significant decrease in tumor volume relative to vehicle treated tumors, we detected no significant difference in the levels of Sca1+ and CD133+ cells in tumors treated with T/C compared to vehicle controls. Furthermore, cell cycle analysis of the Sca1+ and CD133+ populations determined that these cells were enriched in the quiescent G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle. Our results provide evidence that the T2-derived Sca1+ and CD133+ tumor initiating cells are relatively quiescent, persist following standard platinum based chemotherapy and likely contribute to disease recurrence in ovarian cancer. While the specific role of these cells in post-chemotherapy tumor recurrence needs to be evaluated, our findings suggest that future studies should be directed towards targeting these cell populations which likely contribute to the resurgence of the ovarian cancer and thereby reduce the overall survival rate. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3474. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3474
Measurement of R AA and v 2 of electrons from heavy-flavour decays in Pb-Pb collisions at s NN =2.76 TeV with ALICE

Abstract We present measurements of the nuclear modification factor ( R AA ) and azimuthal anisotropy ( v 2 ) of heavy-flavour decay electrons by the ALICE Collaboration at central rapidity in Pb–Pb collisions at s NN = 2.76 TeV . A strong suppression of heavy-flavour decay electron production at high p T is observed in central Pb–Pb collisions, while non-zero v 2 is seen at low p T in semi central collisions.
A baseline for assessing biometrics performance robustness: A case study across seven iris datasets

We examine the robustness of algorithm performance over multiple datasets collected with different sensors. This study provides insight as to whether an algorithm performance derived from traditional controlled environment studies will robustly extrapolate to more challenging stand-off/real-world environments. We argue that a systematic methodology is critical in assuring the validity of algorithmic conclusions over the broader arena of applications. We present a structured evaluation protocol and demonstrate its utility by comparing the performance of an open-source algorithm over seven diverse datasets, spanning six different sensors (three stationary, one handheld, and two stand-off). We also provide baseline results for the ranking of the seven datasets as measured by four performance metrics. Finally, we compare our protocol-based ranking with a parallel ranking based on an independent survey of biometrics experts, with high correlation between the two rankings being demonstrated.
Alcohol-Related Research and Advocacy: Much to Do, Many Places to Do It!

Abstract [Hargarten SW: Alcohol-related research and advocacy: Much to do, many places to do it! Ann Emerg Med May 1998;31:638-639.]
Erythrocyte phosphate composition and osmotic fragility in the Australian lungfish, Neoceratodus fosteri, and osteoglossid, Scleropages schneichardti

Abstract 1. 1. The packed cell volume (PCV), hemoglobin concentration (g/dl) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) in the Australian lungfish, Neoceratodus fosteri , and in one of three Australian osteoglossids, Scleropages schneichardti , were 32.3 and 29.9; 10.5 and 10.0; and 407 and 176μm 3 respectively. 2. 2. Total acid-soluble phosphates (TPi) from the red blood cells (RBC) of the lungfish and osteoglossid were 35.3 and 18.1 μmol/cm 3 RBC respectively. 3. 3. Inorganic phosphate (Pi), adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and guanosine triphosphate (GTP) represented 16.4, 39.7 and 17.8% of the cell phosphates in the lungfish respectively. 4. 4. Inositol bisphosphate was not present in extracts of the red cells of N. fosteri , in contrast to the red cells of Lepidosiren paradoxa and Protopterus aethiopicus , in which it was first observed. 5. 5. In the osteoglossid, Pi and ATP represented 37.6 and 46.4% of the erythrocyte phosphate, respectively, with only traces of GTP present. 6. 6. ATP is the predominant organic phosphate in the red cells of both species. 7. 7. The osmotic fragility of erythrocytes of N. fosteri are quite resistant to hemolysis, with hemolysis beginning at 35-30 mM and a complete hemolysis occurring at 20 mM NaCl. 8. 8. The red cells of S. schneichardti begin to hemolyze at 95-90 mM with hemolysis continuing to completion at 60 mM NaCl.
Potential cancer therapy with the fragile histidine triad gene: review of the preclinical studies.

ContextThe fragile histidine triad gene (FHIT) encompasses a human common fragile site, FRA3B, that is susceptible to environmental carcinogens. Deletion and inactivation of FHIT have been seen in a number of human premalignant and malignant lesions.ObjectiveTo review and evaluate preclinical studies of cancer therapy using the FHIT tumor suppressor gene and related studies involving Fhit protein expression.Data SourcesA MEDLINE search of articles published from 1996 to June 2001 was performed; article reference lists were used to retrieve additional relevant articles.Study SelectionImmunohistochemical studies of primary tumors or relevant lesions were selected to evaluate Fhit expression in premalignant or malignant stages. Preclinical studies on antitumorigenic or therapeutic introduction of FHIT were reviewed for the effects of exogenous Fhit expression. For the immunohistochemical analyses, 26 studies were included that analyzed at least 15 cases of a single type of tumor. For precancerous lesions, 9 studies were included that analyzed at least 4 cases. For studies of FHIT introduction, 9 published studies were included.Data ExtractionUsing primary data from each of the studies, we assessed the rationale and potential contribution of FHIT cancer therapy. Data was independently abstracted by 2 authors and study quality was assessed by 2 other authors.Data SynthesisOverall, 60% (1162/1948 cases) of primary tumors showed absent or markedly reduced Fhit protein expression in cancer cells. Studies of preneoplastic lesions or early-stage cancer showed absence or marked reduction of Fhit protein expression in 0% to 93% of samples (overall, 31% [127/408 cases]). Preclinical studies using 26 cancer-derived cell lines from human lung, head and neck, esophageal, gastric, cervical, pancreatic, and kidney cancers, showed that reintroduction of FHIT resulted in inhibition of in vitro tumor cell growth or of in vivo tumorigenicity in 17 (57%) of 30 cell line experiments. Model systems for human preventive cancer therapy suggested that oral introduction of viral vector-mediated FHIT into Fhit-deficient mice may prevent carcinogen-induced tumor development in some cases.ConclusionThese findings show that FHIT gene therapy may potentially be clinically useful for treatment of cancer and also prevention of carcinogen-induced tumor development, suggesting a rationale for further research involving FHIT introduction.
Photolytic, autocatalyzed decomposition of benzylic dialkoxy disulfides

Abstract The dialkoxy disulfide moiety has been shown to go through an intramolecular fragmentation to liberate trappable S 2 , and can yield an alkoxy radical under photolytic conditions. We have examined a family of benzylic dialkoxy disulfides (X–Ph–CH 2 –O–S–S–O–CH 2 –Ph–X) under photolytic conditions and observed a correlation of decomposition based upon the substituent. We have been able to show that the decomposition is autocatalyzed and has a parabolic correlation with Swain and Lupton’s field constant, F .
White-tailed deer roadside behavior, wildlife warning reflectors, and highway mortality

Abstract The behavior of white-tailed deer ( Odocoileus virginianus ) and the effect of Swareflex Wildlife Highway Warning Reflectors were studied along a busy two-lane highway in Crab Orchard National Wildlife Refuge, Illinois, U.S.A. Focal-animal observational sampling was conducted through all seasons and for 24 h day −1 . Deer roadside activity was primarily between 17:00 and 07:00 h and appeared unaffected by weather conditions or traffic volume. During the baseline studies of Area I (bordered on one side by a corn field and on the other by hardwood forest), 70% of the observed deer crossed or attempted to cross the highway; feeding on the grassy right-of-way was observed in 32% of the sightings, mostly after corn was depleted. In Area II (bordered on both sides by hardwood forest), 36% of the observed deer crossed or attempted to cross the highway; 68% fed on the grassy right-of-way. In the presence of traffic, deer commonly looked up from feeding and stared at the approaching vehicle. Crossing behavior was similar in both areas; deer generally walked to the highway and stopped at the edge of the pavement before moving across. Adult females usually crossed in a relaxed, cautious manner. Fawns appeared less cautious and followed adult females. Adult and yearling males (rarely observed along the roadway) crossed with more excitement than adult females and fawns. After baseline data had been obtained, Swareflex reflectors were installed for 14 months in Area I while observational sampling continued. Deer roadkills occurring between dusk and dawn were the same with reflectors deployed as during the 2 years prior to testing, even though the deer population had decreased. Behavior of deer crossing the road did not appear to be altered by the reflectors.
Defining a Taste by a Single Standard: Aspects of Salty and Umami Tastes

Descriptive analysis of foods involves the communication of sensory concepts which are defined using standard stimuli. The concept created by a single NaCl standard stimulus was measured as a set of probabilities. It was found not to be the same for each judge. Disagreement between judges can thus be caused by variations in conceptualization, as well as sensation. This has important implications for the definition of terms in descriptive analysis. The concept was found not to generalize to strong monosodium glutamate (MSG) stimuli which raises questions about reports that MSG tastes salty at high concentrations. Effects on the concept of context, time and variation of standards were also noted.
A kinetic model of alveolar clearance of amosite asbestos fibers from the rat lung at high lung burdens

Abstract A nonlinear compartmental model of the clearance kinetics of amosite asbestos fibers in the alveolar region of the rat lung at the dust overload condition is proposed, in which the clearance rate coefficient is dependent on the lung burden. Using this model together with a deposition model which we developed previously, we calculated the accumulation of amosite asbestos fibers in the rat lung during chronic exposure. The effects of breathing condition, exposure-concentration, and post-exposure period on the lung burden were examined in the model. Comparisons are made between the calculated lung burden and existing experimental data.
A prototype silicon double quantum dot with dispersive microwave readout

We present a unique design and fabrication process for a lateral, gate-confined double quantum dot in an accumulation mode metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) structure coupled to an integrated microwave resonator. All electrostatic gates for the double quantum dot are contained in a single metal layer, and use of the MOS structure allows for control of the location of the two-dimensional electron gas via the location of the accumulation gates. Numerical simulations of the electrostatic confinement potential are performed along with an estimate of the coupling of the double quantum dot to the microwave resonator. Prototype devices are fabricated and characterized by transport measurements of electron confinement and reflectometry measurements of the microwave resonator.
Total Response Measures in Systems of Nonlinear Equations: An Application to a Model of the U.S. Dairy Sector

This paper develops total elasticity and flexibility results for general nonlinear, dynamic systems of equations. Unlike procedures for obtaining total response measures in linear systems, analytical procedures are difficult to obtain for nonlinear models; comparable results, however, may be obtained by using numerical simulations. The potential for obtaining total elasticity measures in nonlinear dynamic models is illustrated with an annual model of the U.S. dairy sector. Results show substantial evidence of asymmetric price and quantity adjustments, as well as limit cycles. Such complexities could not be uncovered by using linear models or a partial-equilibrium framework. Les auteurs elaborent les mesures d'esticite et de flexibilite totales applicables aux systemes generaux d'equations dynamiques non lineaires. A la difference des mehodes utilisees pour obtenir les mesures de reponses totales darts les systemes lineaires, les meodes analytiques sent difficiles a obtenir pour les modeles non lineaires. Cependant, des resultats comparables peuvent etre obtenus au moyen de la simulation numerique. Les possibilityes d'obtenir les mesures de l'elasticite totale dans des modeles dynamiques non lineaires sont demontrees au moyen d'un modele annuel du secteur de la production laitiere aux Etats-Unis. Les resultats denontrent de facon assez convainquante l'existence d'ajustements dissymetriques des prix et du volume de production ainsi que de cycles limites. Ces elements ne pourraient vraisemblablement pas etre decouvetis par l'utilisation de modeles lineaires ni dans un cadre d'equilibre partiel.
The affinity of melanin for inorganic ions.

Abstract The demonstrated affinity of thallous ion for pigmented structures of the eye led us to investigate the in vitro affinity between melanin (ocular and synthetic) and a representative selection of inorganic cations. In general the melanin-cation affinity seems to increase with the atomic weight of the cation. It is suggested that this is a function of free carboxyl groups in melanin. In a model of this system using a carboxylic ion exchange resin as the solid phase, a similar relationship appears to hold with the added factor that valence of the cation may play a role. This difference could easily be due to differences in spatial arrangement of the free carboxyl groups in melanin and in the resin. It is suggested that the melanin-cation affinity may account for the metal content reported for the pigment containing structures of the eye. These figures may reflect dietary history or soil content of metals in grazing areas of domesticated animals rather than inherent properties of pigment-containing cells.
Treatment of recurrent and metastatic carcinoma of the cervix: comparison of doxorubicin with a combination of vincristine and 5-fluorouracil.

Twenty patients with recurrent and metastatic carcinoma of the cervix received doxorubicin (Adriamycin) alone, 60 mg/m 2 intravenously every 3 weeks. Twenty-one others received 5-fluorouracil, 450 mg/m 2 /day intravenously for 5 days, and vincristine, 1.5 mg/m 2 (maximum of 2 mg/dose) intravenously on Days 1 and 5; the course was repeated every 5 weeks. The two-drug combination produced partial regression in only one patient, and four patients had partial regression with doxorubicin as primary therapy. Survival curves and time-to-progression curves for the two regimens were nearly identical. The only covariate affecting time to death or time to treatment failure was performance score.
Primary Burkitt lymphoma of the uterine corpus

This study reports the first well-documented case of sporadic Burkitt lymphoma arising in and confined to the uterine corpus in a 40-year-old woman who presented with vaginal bleeding. Endometrial curettings showed a diffuse infiltrate of medium sized lymphocytes with the characteristic morphologic and immunophenotypic features of Burkitt lymphoma. Fluorescence in-situ hybridization demonstrated the t(8;14)(q24;q32) translocation. There was no evidence of extra-uterine disease and the patient is alive without disease 10 months after hysterectomy and chemotherapy. This report demonstrates that Burkitt lymphoma can present as isolated, organ confined disease at unusual sites and with protean symptoms.
THE GENETICS OF HEMOGLOBIN IN HYBRIDS. I. A MOLECULAR BASIS FOR HYBRID VIGOR.

Abstract 1. 1. Hemoglobins from various bird and fish hybrids have been studied by starch electrophoresis and by oxygen equilibrium analysis. In most crosses there are no new proteins—i.e. the electriphoretic patterns for hybrids and for mixtures of the parental hemoglobins are identical. 2. 2. In two of the centrarchid fish crosses the F 1 's have new “hybrid hemoglobin” that occurs neither in the parents nor in hemoglobin mixtures. Oxygen equilibrium studies indicate that the “hybrid hemoglobin” has much stronger heme-heme interactions, thus resulting in a molecule with superior blood gas transport properties. 3. 3. Data have also been obtained on several F 2 hybrid populations and on a multiple cross. 4. 4. Besides the obvious significance of such studies for the biochemical basis of “hybrid vigor”, this new information on the proteins of hybrid animals is of potential phylogenetic interest, for the hemoglobin electrophoretic patterns of two species of the genus Microptenus can be closely approximated by chain recombination involving hemoglobins of two other species of this genus.
Studies on potato nutrition III. Chemical composition and uptake of nutrients by kern county potatoes

phosphoric acid, and potash content of the potatoes grown at four different fertilizer levels during 1945 and 1946.
Primitive woman— domestic(ated) woman: The image of the primitive woman at the 1893 world's Columbian exposition

(1998). Primitive woman— domestic(ated) woman: The image of the primitive woman at the 1893 world's Columbian exposition. Women's Studies: Vol. 27, No. 3, pp. 215-258.
Chemical amelioration of surface crusting to reduce runoff and erosion on highly weathered soils.

Abstract Because of the very low soil solution ionic strengths in highly weathered soils, clay particles can be readily dispersed under the impact of raindrops. The clay fraction of many soils is dispersible under the combined effects of mechanical disturbance and low electrolyte concentration. This clay dispersion results in fine particle segregation at the soil surface, with clay particles moving into and blocking soil pores resulting in the formation of a highly impervious crust which reduces infiltration. Because the clay is dispersed, the particles usually orient themselves in a laminar fashion as they settle. As a result, runoff is substantially increased, giving rise to soil erosion. The crusts formed in this manner often have very high strengths which prevent or substantially reduce crop emergence. The formation of such crusts can be prevented by the application of relatively low rates of by-product gypsum such as phosphogypsum on the soil surface which produces sufficient electrolyte in solution during raindrop impact to maintain the clay particles in a flocculated condition. The results of a number of experiments in which different soils were treated with phosphogypsum are discussed to illustrate the effects of electrolyte concentration, level of sodium and other factors on the formation of surface crusts and the consequent runoff and erosion. As a result of the application of phosphogypsum to the soil surface, a laminar orientation of clay particles at the surface is prevented, which allows a much greater proportion of the rainfall to enter the soil. Any crusts formed are thus much weaker and do not reduce seedling emergence. This type of crust formation can also be prevented by reducing raindrop impact through the use of mulches. This phenomenon occurs on many soils not normally considered to suffer from chemically-induced physical problems, which points to the importance of considering chemical as well as physical processes in the evaluation of potential runoff and erosion.
Who? Moral Condemnation, PEDs, and Violating the Constraints of Public Narrative

Despite the numerous instances of PED use in professional sports, there continues to be a strong negative moral response to those athletes who dope. My goal is to offer a diagnosis of this response. I will argue that we do not experience such disdain because these athletes have broken some constitutive rule of sport, but because they have lied about who they are. In violating the constraints of their own public narratives, they make both themselves and their choices unintelligible. This worry becomes especially profound as we care greatly about who our athletes are. Using cases from both athletics and US politics, I argue that certain kinds of lies so violate our understanding of who a person is that we can no longer recognize them as the person we took them to be. Fundamentally, I believe that PED users have lied about something central to their public narratives. I develop this view through an examination of narrative identity, primarily focusing on J. David Velleman’s work on agency and self-constitution. I do not claim that the athlete using steroids is nonidentical to who she would be in the absence of steroid use, but that through use of PEDs, she has misled us about an important component of her pubic narrative and this is difficult for us to reconcile. Ultimately, this has implications for sport as well as other other aspects of human social life.
Seed yield, seed size and germination behaviour in the annualPogogyne abramsii

Models of the evolution of seed dormancy reveal that dormancy is favoured either when opportunities for establishment vary over time and when there is wide variation in the probability of success, or when the probability of success is limited by frequency dependence. Empirical evidence supporting the temporal heterogeneity hypothesis exists, but there is scant evidence for dormancy being favoured by frequency dependent competition among seedlings. We test the hypothesis that the intensity of between-sib competition should favour a positive relationship between maternal fecundity and seed dormancy. This hypothesis is supported for the rare, vernal pool annual,Pogogyne abramsii: the proportion of dormant offspring was significantly higher among high fecundity mothers than among other mothers. Dormancy inP. abramsii is controlled by the seed coat, a maternal tissue, so delaying germination favours the inclusive fitness of mothers by reducing the potential for competition among siblings. Seed weight and time to first germination varied significantly amongP. abramsii plants and mean seed weight increased linearly with plant biomass. Seed weight and seed number are independently regulated by plant size. Overall, seed weight varied 10-fold and variability in seed weight within mothers was not explained by plant biomass, seed yield or mean seed weight. GerminableP. abramsii seeds were significantly heavier than dormant seeds, and germinable seeds heavier than 0.20 mg germinated more rapidly than those smaller than 0.20 mg.
Can Scattering Spectroscopy Detect Disease Earlier than Histopathology

Elastic scattering spectroscopy, in various incarnations, is proving to be sensitive to subtle changes in ultrastructure and/or microperfusion that appear in histologically-normal tissue or microscopically-normal cells, but presage cellular changes or disease.
Abstract B61: Arousal of cancer-associated stromal fibroblasts: Palladin-activated fibroblasts promote tumor invasion.

Background: Myofibroblasts, or cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF), can produce tracks within the extracellular matrix which in effect, create tunnels for the carcinoma cells to follow. We undertook studies to identify the mechanism of how this fibroblast-led cancer invasion occurs in pancreatic cancer. Results: CAF express palladin, an embryonic and cytoskeletal protein, early in tumorigenesis at the dysplastic stage. Upregulation of palladin causes the normal fibroblast to develop a fusiform/mesenchymal shape with apparent invadopodia—feet that contain proteolytic enzymes. To identify the contents of the “feet” of palladin-activated myofibroblasts, we ensnared the myofibroblasts in the act of invasion in a sieve that was large enough to let the feet through but too small for a whole cell to pass through. Proteomic analysis performed on the ensnared and isolated “feet” revealed the overexpression of proteolytic enzymes such as metalloproteinases and cathepsin, invadopodia proteins, and proteins associated with poor prognosis in cancer. Functional studies demonstrated that, in the setting of an inflammatory or wounding signal, the palladin-activated fibroblasts can both rip and destroy the extracellular matrix literally creating tunnels through which the cancer cells can follow. Fibroblasts without palladin expression lack the ability to create the tunnels used by cancer cells. Activation of palladin in a normal fibroblast is caused by paracrine signaling from an adjacent ras-mutated epithelial cell. Affects of palladin on myofibroblasts are reversible with shRNA. Conclusion: Embryonic and cytoskeletal protein, palladin, activates myofibroblasts in pancreatic cancer to escort the cancer cells through tunnels created in the pancreas. The mechanism to create these escape tunnels occurs through the transformation of a fibroblast into a myfibroblast, the development of feet that contain invasive proteolytic proteins, and the ability to rip through the extracellular matrix. Citation Format: Teresa Averill Brentnall, Lisa Lai, Mary Bronner, Ru Chen. Arousal of cancer-associated stromal fibroblasts: Palladin-activated fibroblasts promote tumor invasion. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Pancreatic Cancer: Progress and Challenges; Jun 18-21, 2012; Lake Tahoe, NV. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(12 Suppl):Abstract nr B61.