cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Placement of fully covered self-expandable metal stents in patients with locally advanced esophageal cancer before neoadjuvant therapy.

Background Most patients with locally advanced esophageal cancer requiring neoadjuvant therapy have significant dysphagia. Objective To report our experience in using a fully covered self-expandable metal stent (FCSEMS) to treat malignant dysphagia and for maintenance of nutritional support during neoadjuvant therapy. Design Retrospective study. Setting Two tertiary-care referral centers. Patients This study involved 55 patients with locally advanced esophageal cancer (50 adenocarcinoma, 5 squamous cell carcinoma). Forty-three patients were men, and the mean age was 65.8 years. Intervention EUS followed by FCSEMS placement. Main Outcome Measurements Procedural success, dysphagia scores, patient weights, stent migration, and stent-related complications. Results All stents were successfully placed. Tumors were located in the middle esophagus (n = 10) and distal esophagus (n = 45). The mean dysphagia score obtained at 1 week after stent placement had improved significantly from baseline (2.4 and 1, respectively; P P = .58). Immediate complications included chest discomfort in 13 patients; 2 patients required stent removal because of intractable pain. One patient had stent removal because of significant acid reflux. Stent migration occurred at some point in 17 of 55 patients (31%). There was a delayed perforation in 1 patient. Because of disease progression or the discovery of metastasis after neoadjuvant therapy, only 8 of 55 patients underwent curative surgery. Limitations Retrospective study. Conclusion Placement of FCSEMSs in patients with locally advanced esophageal cancer significantly improves dysphagia and allows for oral nutrition during neoadjuvant therapy. FCSEMSs appear to be effective for palliating dysphagia. Migration was not associated with injury or harm to the patient and usually represented a positive response to neoadjuvant therapy. Few patients undergoing stenting in this situation ultimately undergo surgery because of disease progression or poor operative candidacy.
The effects of body size and sexual dimorphism on the reproductive behaviour of sockeye salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka

Abstract Abstract. Factors associated with the evolution of sexual dimorphism in sockeye salmon were examined by relating individual behavioural correlates of reproductive success with morphological measurements in both sexes. Adult salmon were captured, measured and tagged, then released and observed in Iliamna Lake, Alaska. Males were generally larger than females (447 versus 428 mm) and had larger dorsal humps and more elongated jaws for their length. Indices of male reproductive success varied considerably among individuals (e.g. 0-12 observations in dominant status). Male social status was positively associated with both length and dorsal hump size, independent of length. All resident females completed spawning and only nine of 82 had their nests dug up by other females. However, size-related variation in spawning-site location was observed; larger females tended to spawn in shallower water than did smaller females. Thus reproductive success apparently varied much more in males than in females. Consistent with the theory regarding the evolution of sexual dimorphism, the greater variability in male reproduction was directly associated with the greater average size and exaggerated shape of males.
Balancing professional and home life

Practice faculty new to the academic environment will find multiple and sometimes conflicting demands placed on them because of their dual on-campus and practice site responsibilities while at the same time juggling home and family obligations. Personal characteristics and workplace expectations may contribute to imbalance in the academic world. This article reviews risks for imbalance, qualities of successful faculty, roles of college and university leadership in supporting faculty balance, and useful references for further reading.
Image coding using differential vector quantization image coding using differential vector quantization

The paper describes a differential-vector-quantization (DVQ) algorithm that has been developed for realtime compression of digital video images. The authors discuss a number of experiments performed to insure that the algorithm is suitable for hardware implementation. They show that the DVQ algorithm performs comparably to scalar differential-pulsecode-modulation (DPCM) methods in terms of image quality and compression. They also show that the DVQ algorithm is much more robust in the presence of channel noise than alternatives employing variable-length encoding. >
Probabilistic Multimodel Regional Temperature Change Projections

Abstract Regional temperature change projections for the twenty-first century are generated using a multimodel ensemble of atmosphere–ocean general circulation models. The models are assigned coefficients jointly, using a Bayesian linear model fitted to regional observations and simulations of the climate of the twentieth century. Probability models with varying degrees of complexity are explored, and a selection is made based on Bayesian deviance statistics, coefficient properties, and a classical cross-validation measure utilizing temporally averaged data. The model selected is shown to be superior in predictive skill to a naive model consisting of the unweighted mean of the underlying atmosphere–ocean GCM (AOGCM) simulations, although the skill differential varies regionally. Temperature projections for the A2 and B1 scenarios from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Special Report on Emissions Scenarios are presented.
Ferritin synthesis in rat L-6 cells: response to iron challenge.

Abstract The short term response of the L-6 cell line of rat skeletal myoblasts to elevated extracellular iron concentrations was studied. It was found in all cases that iron as the nitrilotriacetate (NTA) chelate was effective at donating iron to the cells and at stimulating ferritin synthesis. After 48 h in 50 μ m ferric NTA, the cellular ferritin levels rose from an undetectable level to 1.11 (±0.07) ng ferritin/μg cell protein, or 0.1% of total cell protein. Similarly, the total iron in the cells rose under the same conditions from an unmeasurable level to plateau at over 10 fmol iron/cell. In addition, it was found that these cells synthesize ferritin in response to iron in a dose-dependent manner over a range of iron concentrations from 5–1000 μ m . A sensitive and specific immunoradiometric assay for rat ferritin was used in these studies to quantitate ferritin in cell lysates.
Characteristics of Wax Gel Formation in the Presence of Asphaltenes

When pipelines are shutdown, waxy crude oils tend to form gels, which tend to plug the lines and stop flow. Restart requires sufficient pressure to overcome the yield stress of gelled oils. This study examines the yield strength of well-characterized waxy model oils at temperatures below the pour point. First, the yield stresses of model oils were determined by the vane method at different temperatures. Yield stress values were strongly dependent upon wax amounts and compositions, as expected. The extent of increase in yield stress values with temperature was greater for model oils that had a higher percentage of wax. The x-intercept values obtained from yield stress versus temperature were interpreted as no-flow points, which could be used as alternative measures of pour points. Second, the role of asphaltenes was examined in the evolution of the yield stress as the oil is cooled below the pour point. Asphaltene additions resulted in pour-point reductions, of up to 4 °C for additions of asphaltenes up to...
Pelvic Hematoma Following Angiography: Another Cause of Elevated Serum CA-125

The presence of a pelvic mass in a patient with an elevated serum CA-125 suggests the possibility of a gynecologic malignancy. However, an increasing number of nonneoplastic causes of elevated serum CA-125 have been reported. This is the first report of a pelvic hematoma associated with elevated serum CA-125. Two weeks following cardiac catheterization at time of myocardial infarction a patient was noted to have a complex pelvic mass on ultrasound and serum CA-125 of 53 units per milliliter. Abdominal-pelvic CT-scan showed a small left pleural effusion, minimal ascites, left lower quadrant abdominal wall masses consistent with omental metastases, and a 9.4 x 10.3 x 9.0-cm complex left adnexal mass. At exploratory laparotomy a large organized hematoma in the left paravesical space was adherent to both the left external iliac artery and the left bladder wall. This mass could have been managed expectantly with percutaneous aspiration if a nonmalignant diagnosis had been more strongly considered.
Design and Testing of an Airbag System for High-Mass, High-Velocity Deceleration

The design and performance evaluation of an airbag system capable of decelerating masses in the range of hundreds to thousands of kilograms with impact velocities in the range of tens to hundreds of kilometers per hour is presented. First, a simplified incompressible flow analysis of the airbag is utilized to derive the orifice venting area corresponding to the ideal deceleration for a given impact velocity and package mass. Second, testing with a small-scale model found three distinct control intervals during the deceleration. Finally, a full-scale airbag system was constructed and data is presented on the deceleration, deceleration force, deceleration velocity, airbag stopping power, and overall performance. The deceleration was experimentally optimized for a single impact velocity and package mass and an approximate correction factor was developed to predict the actual air venting required for each of the three control intervals in order to achieve the optimum deceleration for any impact velocity and package mass.
MULTIMILLING-INSERT WEAR ASSESSMENT USING NON-LINEAR VIRTUAL SENSOR, TIME-FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION AND NEURAL NETWORKS

Abstract The objective of this study is to establish a signal processing methodology that can infer the state of milling insert wear from translational vibration measured on the spindle housing of a milling machine. First, the tool wear signature in a translational vibration is accentuated by mapping the translational vibration into a torsional vibration using a previously identified non-linear relationship between the two, i.e. a virtual sensor. Second, a time-frequency distribution, i.e. a Choi–Williams distribution, is calculated from the torsional vibration. Third, scattering matrices and orthogonalisation are employed to identify the time–frequency components that are best correlated to the state of wear. Fourth, a neural network is trained to estimate the extent of wear from these critical time frequency components. The combination of the virtual sensor, time–frequency analysis and neural network is then validated with data obtained from real cutting tests.
Worldwide status of energy standards for buildings

Abstract We present an international profile of activities and research issues related to energy standards for buildings. In the past decade, a few cross-national comparative studies have been published that address energy standards for residential buildings in industrialized countries. More detailed descriptions of a broader range of energy standard activities would be useful to countries seeking to improve or develop standards, particularly for non-residential buildings and in less-developed countries (LDCs). Toward this end, we developed a 15-page informal survey to gather specific information about the contents, development, and use of energy standards, particularly for non-residential buildings. This paper provides a snapshot of the legal status and coverage of energy standards in 57 countries. We have used survey results to characterize specific energy standards in 35 countries in greater detail, as well as to outline building energy-efficiency activities in seven countries without energy standards. Our project submits a possible framework for further inquiry into building energy standards research.
Explaining Black-White Disparity in Maltreatment: Poverty, Female-Headed Families, and Urbanization

The purpose of the current study was to assess a structural level explanation of racial disparity in child maltreatment. Using data from Florida counties (1998–2001) and the 2000 census, the effects of poverty, concentrated poverty, and female-headed families in poverty on Black, White, and the difference between Black-White rates of child maltreatment were assessed (N= 67). Results suggested that the structural covariates of maltreatment vary by race and that differences in female-headed families in poverty can explain some, but not all, of the Black-White racial disparity in child maltreatment. Increasing programs that focus on reducing poverty among female-headed Black families and the exposure of Black families to concentrated poverty should decrease some of the overrepresentation of Black children in the child welfare system.
Time-Resolved Pyrene Fluorescence for Determination of Polymer Surface Polarity: Correlations with Surface Tension

Pyrene time-resolved fluorescence has been applied to correlate the surface tension levels obtained for polyethylene and polypropylene films after exposure to corona-discharge treatment. The surface tension level of the films was validated with surface tension test fluids according to the ASTM D2578 standard test method. Although in direct contact with air, pyrene showed an extremely long lifetime upon deposition on the polymer films, which approached the lifetime of pyrene in freeze/pump/thaw deoxygenated hexane. The I/III ratio of pyrene fluorescence at 373 and 384 nm, designated as bands I and III, was determined at 150-ns delay relative to the time at laser maximum. Prolonged time delay was imposed before fluorescence measurement in order to minimize the background interferences from the blank films. Measurements of the time-resolved pyrene fluorescence I/III ratio from pyrene/ethanol depositions showed averages of 0.63, 0.56, and 0.49 for 42, 35, and 30 dyne/cm treated films. The uncertainty of the measurements was estimated to be 1-2 dyne/cm. Application of the pyrene I/III ratio can be used easily to monitor incorrectly and nonuniformly treated polymer film surfaces.
The presumed synthesis of 1,3-cyclobutane-dicarboxylic acid by Markownikoff and Krestownikoff

Die Autoren stellen fest, das die 1881 vonMarkownikoff undKrestownikoff synthetisierte Verbindung, die bisher als Cyclobutan-1,3-dicarbonsaure angesehen wurde, tatsachlich 1-Methylcyclopropan-1,2-dicarbonsaure ist.
Ionizing Radiation Effects in Single-Crystal and Polycrystalline YAG

The effect of ionizing-radiation fields on optical materials is predominantly seen in changes in the transmission properties of the materials. Both transient and permanent photodarkening can occur in passive and active optical elements as a result of exposure to either short-pulsed or steady-state radiation. In laser materials, such as YAG, such induced optical loss can result in significant degradation of the lasing characteristic of the material, making its selection for optical device applications in radiation environments unfeasible. In the present study, the effects of ionizing radiation on the optical response of undoped and 1.1%Nd-doped single-crystal and polycrystalline YAG have been investigated. Both room temperature and elevated temperature studies have been performed. An evaluation of the data shows some potential advantages of single-crystal over polycrystalline YAG in applications involving radiation exposure of the materials
Coupling between C–D and CO motions using dual-frequency 2D IR photon echo spectroscopy

Abstract Coupling between C–D and C O vibrational modes of formamide has been characterized by dual-frequency 2D IR spectroscopy. The signals are consistent with those computed assuming an optically dense system at the C O frequency. A negative off-diagonal anharmonicity of ∼0.85 ± 0.20 cm −1 was obtained and the coupled modes have anticorrelated frequency distributions. Other features including relaxation times, diagonal anharmonicities for the individual C O and C–D modes and the dephasing dynamics of the cross peak have been determined to characterize the coupling between modes.
Marine Science and the 1974 Law of the Sea Conference

More intensive and varied use of the oceans and their resources requires a more comprehensive legal reegime than previously. Three years of preparatory work have been completed leading toward the Law of the Sea Conference that opened on 20 June in Caracas, Venezuela. Although the details of the new reegime are still to be negotiated, it appears certain that the coastal nations will gain some form of jurisdiction over the fisheries and mineral resources off their shores. It is probable that a new "economic zone" will be established between a relatively narrow (12-mile) territorial sea and the international ocean space beyond. If, as seems likely, this economic zone is 200 miles wide, it will encompass some 37 percent of the ocean as shown in Fig. 1. Unless the scientific community can gather more support than it has to date, it seems probable that scientific research within this economic zone will only be possible with the consent of the coastal nation. The United States has proposed a compromise solution which attempts to balance the interests of the scientific community with those of the coastal state. Under the U.S. proposal, a research group abiding by certain specific obligations to the coastal state would be free to carry out its research activities without obtaining explicit consent from the coastal state. To date the U.S. proposal has received little official support from any nation, even from nations with major oceanographic interests.
In Vivo Radiosensitizing Effects of Recombinant Interleukin 6 on Radiation Resistant BCL-1 B-Lineage Leukemia Cells in a Murine Syngeneic Bone Marrow Transplant Model System

The ability of total body irradiation (TBI) to eradicate clonogenic leukemia cells from B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients prior to bone marrow transplantation (BMT) is greatly hampered by their inherent or acquired radiation resistance. The radiorefractory nature of these cells is believed to contribute to the high relapse rate subsequent to TBI and BMT in patients with B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). A method by which clonogenic leukemia cells could be radiosensitized in vivo could be clinically beneficial. In the present study, we used a highly radiation resistant sub-clone of the murine B-lineage leukemia cell line BCL-I in a syngeneic BMT model to investigate if any of the Bell stimulatory cytokines interleukin 2, interleukin 4, interleukin 5, or interleukin 6 could have radiosensitizing effects. All untreated BALB/c mice (N = 33) inoculated with 1 × 10th BCL-I cells died of disseminated leukemia within 24 days with a median survival of 13.3 days. TBI (700 cGy = LD100/30 fo...
Ancient butterfly–ant symbiosis: direct evidence from Dominican amber

Although symbiotic association with ants is pervasive in the butterfly families Lycaenidae and Riodinidae the age of these symbioses has never been estimated explicitly. Here we report the first known fossil riodinid caterpillar. This fossil can be dated minimally between 15 and 20 Ma old, and confidently placed in the extant genus Theope . Differing little from modern day Theope , this fossil from Dominican amber provides direct evidence that secretory and acoustical organs used by modern caterpillars to mediate symbioses with ants have been highly developed at least since the Miocene. This fossil therefore becomes the point of reference for future studies using molecular clock methods for dating these symbioses within the riodinid butterflies. Modern evidence, and the abundance of dolichoderine ants in Dominican amber (now extinct in the West Indies) imply that specialized symbiotic relationships between Theope caterpillars and these ants were likely in existence at least 15 Ma ago. The current distribution of neotropical riodinid butterfly and ant faunas indicates the extinction in the West Indies of at least two unrelated taxa that formed a tightly linked symbiotic association, which persisted to the present elsewhere.
Integrating external deduction tools with ACL2

Abstract We present an interface connecting the ACL2 theorem prover with external deduction tools. The ACL2 logic contains several mechanisms for proof structuring, which are important to the construction of industrial-scale proofs. The complexity induced by these mechanisms makes the design of the interface challenging. We discuss some of the challenges, and develop a precise specification of the requirements on the external tools for a sound connection with ACL2. We also develop constructs within ACL2 to enable the developers of external tools to satisfy our specifications. The interface is available with the ACL2 theorem prover starting from Version 3.2, and we describe several applications of the interface.
Bureaucratic Role Characteristics and Member Affective Response in Organizations

This study examines the relationship between three bureaucratic role-structure dimensions and affective responses in organizations. Contrary to much theory, it is hypothesized that formal structuri...
Fetal methylmercury poisoning: Clinical and toxicological data on 29 cases

This report describes psychomotor retardation in infants caused by prenatal exposure to methylmercury. A study of 29 mother-infant pairs established a relationship between maximum maternal hair mercury concentration during pregnancy and the frequency of neurological effects in the infants. The latter included delayed achievement of developmental milestones with or without neurological signs. The infants were 4 1/2 to 5 years of age on last examination. Ten infants of mothers who had maximum hair concentrations in the range of 99 to 384 pars per million (ppm) had a significantly higher frequency of abnormal findings than those in two groups having lower maternal hair mercury concentrations (12 to 85 and 0 to 11 ppm). The group sizes were too small to allow identification of a specific "threshold" maternal hair concentration above which such effects can be expected. Transient paresthesias during pregnancy occurred in 80% of the mothers in the higher concentration group (99 to 384 ppm) as compared with 30% and 22% in the lower groups. Neurological abnormalities were found in some children whose mothers had been asymptomatic during pregnancy.
Assessment of acute and chronic morphine dependence in male and female mice

Abstract The present study compared male and female mice for frequency of naloxone-precipitated jumping and naloxone ED 50 values, two common indices of physical dependence, following acute and chronic morphine administration. Both sexes displayed a positive dose–response relationship between acute morphine and naloxone doses and jumping frequency. There was a significant main effect of sex, with mean jumping frequencies greater in males. The naloxone ED 50 estimate was also fourfold lower in males, indicating greater withdrawal sensitivity than females. Jumping frequencies were similar in male and female saline-treated control mice, discounting initial sex differences as a significant factor in the unequal magnitude and sensitivity in acute morphine dependence between sexes. In contrast, males and females displayed similar mean withdrawal jumping frequencies and naloxone ED 50 values after 3 days of morphine injections. Sex difference in withdrawal jumping was also not observed when morphine treatment was increased to 7 days via daily injection or continuous subcutaneous infusion. The present study demonstrates the development of greater physical dependence in male relative to female mice following acute but not chronic morphine administration.
Interpreting system switching specifications and how they relate to waveform quality

This paper discusses how to interpret system specifications that involve the switching subsystem and how these specifications can be used to predict the effect on the signals passing through the system and if the system will even support those signals. These specifications include bandwidth, crosstalk and insertion loss. Actual waveform examples are included showing how the switching path can dramatically alter signals, particularly signals with higher frequencies or fast rise times.
The Cardiothoracic Surgery Network: randomized clinical trials in the operating room.

In 2006, the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI) announced the formation of a new clinical research network entitled, “The Network for Cardiothoracic Surgical Investigations in Cardiovascular Medicine.”(1) Numerous academic cardiac surgery groups in the United States and Canada submitted applications. There were additional applications from clinical research organizations to serve as the network's Data Coordinating Center (DCC). Seven clinical sites in the United States and 1 in Canada were selected for participation in the Network, along with a DCC (see appendix). Notification of awards was made in July, 2007 and Network activity began soon thereafter. The Network has recently expanded to include additional enrolling sites (Appendix). The goal of the Cardiothoracic Surgery Network (CTSN) is to establish a cooperative network of cardiac surgery programs to promulgate the use of evidence-based medicine in surgical practice. The Network is intended to conduct important, randomized clinical trials and observational studies, disseminate the results, and thereby translate the findings into clinical practice. The program is expected to support and maintain the necessary infrastructure to develop, coordinate, and conduct several collaborative clinical studies and interventional protocols designed to improve cardiovascular disease outcomes. Participating sites are required to provide adequate patient populations, foster a culture of clinical research and support the infrastructure necessary for successful patient enrollment and study completion. The network DCC provides the organizational expertise for conduct of the trials across the sites, while managing network operations. The purpose of this short report is to publize the organizational administration and projects currently under study. There is a Steering Committee (SC) that includes the Principal Investigator (PI) from each of the 8 clinical sites, the DCC PI, appointed co-chairs, and NHLBI Program Officers. Two external committees appointed by the NHLBI are the Protocol Review Committee (PRC) and the Data and Safety Monitoring Board (DSMB). There is also an Event Adjudication Committee. Core labs are established, as needed, for specific trials and are subcontracted by the DCC. Examples include echocardiography, cardiopulmonary exercise testing, and ambulatory rhythm monitoring. Subcommittees of the SC manage Network policies and functions, such as budget and publications.
Induction of Tc2 cells with specificity for prostate-specific antigen from patients with hormone-refractory prostate cancer

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is a potentially useful antigen for targeted T-cell immunotherapy of prostate cancer (CaP). Our laboratory has identified a synthetic nonamer peptide (PSA 146-154) homologue of PSA, which binds to the prevalent human leukocyte antigen, HLA-A2, and elicits specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) responses from normal individuals of the HLA-A2 phenotype. In the present study, we report on the induction of CTL from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of patients with hormone-refractory CaP, which exhibit the same specificity. T-cell lines were established from two patients by stimulation of PBMC with PSA 146-154 peptide in vitro. The T-cell lines exhibited specific cytolytic activity against T2 cells pulsed with PSA 146-154 peptide, but not a control HLA-A2 binding peptide (HIV-RT 476-484) via chromium release assay (CRA). The T-cell lines also showed PSA 146-154 peptide-specific IL-4 responses, but no detectable interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) responses via enzyme-linked immuno-spot assays. Magnetic immuno-selection studies of one of the T-cell lines demonstrated that both cytolytic and interleukin-4 (IL-4) responses were mediated by CD8(+), but not by CD4(+) T cells. This Tc2 line was further characterized for the ability to recognize endogenously processed PSA epitopes. The line specifically secreted IL-4 in response to HLA-A2(+) target cells transfected to express PSA and specifically lysed the PSA(+) target cells, but not control transfected cells. The results indicate that the PSA 146-154 peptide emulates a naturally processed and presented peptide epitope of PSA that is within the T-cell repertoire of HLA-A2(+)patients with CaP.
Parent-Implemented Enhanced Milieu Teaching With Preschool Children Who Have Intellectual Disabilities

Purpose The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of enhanced milieu teaching (EMT) implemented by parents and therapists versus therapists only on the language skills of preschool children with intellectual disabilities (IDs), including children with Down syndrome and children with autism spectrum disorders. Method Seventy-seven children were randomly assigned to 2 treatments (parent + therapist EMT or therapist-only EMT) and received 36 intervention sessions. Children were assessed before, immediately after, 6 months after, and 12 months after intervention. Separate linear regressions were conducted for each standardized and observational measure at each time point. Results Parents in the parent + therapist group demonstrated greater use of EMT strategies at home than untrained parents in the therapist-only group, and these effects maintained over time. Effect sizes for observational measures ranged from d = 0.10 to d = 1.32 favoring the parent + therapist group, with the largest effect sizes...
A transverse buckling based method in core neutronics models equivalence

Abstract In many neutronic computational systems functions exist permitting the conversion of core models from 3D to 2 or 1D. Usually, as in collapsing the core model one or two dimensions are lost, the equivalence process to pass from the 3D model to the reduced one, evaluates a transverse buckling distribution that takes into account for the neutron leakage in the lost direction. The most used method to compute this distribution is based on the 3D leakage conservation. In multigroup models this method could give poor results in trying to match two models with a strongly non-uniform composition distribution. The method presented here permits the computation of a transverse buckling distribution that gives a good equivalence in these difficult configurations. It will be also shown that this method can be used to make an equivalence between two 3D models. This capability is useful in resetting computer models on measurements.
Issues confronting effective services in systems of care

Abstract Service provision for children and adolescents with mental health problems has changed dramatically in the past decade. The current paradigm revolves around values and principles of a “system of care.” There is now consistent evidence in the literature that systems can be changed to reflect this new paradigm—agencies can work together, a full continuum of services can be developed, services can be individualized to meet family and child needs. At this point, however, the field is confronted with a lack of convincing evidence about the individual-level effectiveness of these system changes. This paper describes the current state of the field and discusses conceptual and methodological challenges for moving forward. It concludes with suggestions for productive directions for assessing and improving effectiveness of children's mental health services.
The Nativistic Legacy of the Americanization Era in the Education of Mexican Immigrant Students

Nativism is a forgotten ideology which nevertheless operates in the current era as illustrated by the resurgence of anti-immigrant sentiment and restrictionistic policies in response to growing Latino/a immigration. This response to Latino/a immigration recalls a historic era from the early 1900s known as the Americanization period which was also characterized by a strong nativist agenda and harsh restrictionistic policies. Developments from the Americanization period continue to influence immigration and education policies in the current era and are visible in the attacks against bilingual education, in mandated English-only laws, in locating struggles over national identity in the schools, and in the narrow focus on the acquisition of English in immigrant education. Identifying nativist themes from the Americanization era that have been reinvigorated in today's anti-immigrant climate makes visible a type of discrimination directed at immigrants that is not often recognized as discrimination due to a Bla...
Optimal control of multi-battery energy-aware systems

We study the problem of optimally controlling a set of non-ideal rechargeable batteries that can be shared to perform a given amount of work over some specified time period. We seek to maximize the minimum residual energy among all batteries at the end of this period by optimally controlling the discharging and recharging process at each battery. Modeling a battery as a dynamic system, we adopt a Kinetic Battery Model (KBM) and formulate an optimal control problem under the constraint that discharging and recharging cannot occur at the same time. We show that the optimal solution must result in equal residual energies for all batteries as long as such a policy is feasible. This simplifies the task of subsequently deriving explicit solutions for the problem.
The unitary group formulation of the N‐ particle problem

The representation of an N-particle Hamiltonian on an Nth rank orbital product space is exactly modeled by a second-degree polynomial in the infinitesimal generators of the unitary group. Symmetry adaptation of the product space with respect to the symmetric group yields Gel'fand states which are bases for the irreducible representations of the unitary group. These exist in closed form, as, in consequence, does the representation of the model Hamiltonian. The exclusion principle is imposed by restricting the irreducible representations of the unitary group. The unitary group formulation is equivalent to standard many-body theory for the particle-conserving case.
Pancake vortex in a superconducting cylinder

The problem of a single two-dimensional, or pancake, vortex in a cylinder of type-II superconductor is solved. The cylinder may be surrounded by either a second superconductor or by nonsuperconducting material. Results are given for electrodynamic fields and densities, found by use of Fourier transformation. Relevant Wronskian and Green`s function relations are recalled. Special cases are examined and magnetic fluxes are computed. These results, based on a continuum approach, are useful for modeling superconducting samples of small diameter.
Older Adolescents' Perceptions of Communication Problems with Their Parents:

The transition from adolescence to adulthood involves a relational renegotiation that, at least in part, is reflected in communication. This study describes the communication difficulties that older adolescents felt they had experienced with their parents and explored whether those communication problems or the perceived qualities of the problems are more strongly associated with relational satisfaction. Results indicated that the most frequent type of current communication problem involved personal criticism. Past problems were more likely to focus on parent-adolescent tensions related to behavioral restriction. There were few significant differences between very satisfied and dissatisfied adolescents in terms of the types of difficulties reported. However, older adolescents' attributions for their past and present communication problems significantly predicted their current satisfaction. Particularly notable is the finding that the specific type of problem experienced by adolescents may contribute subst...
The sublimation of an electrically conducting droplet through the use of an external alternating magnetic field

A nondimensionalized mathematical model is developed for a stationary, electrically conducting, spherical droplet undergoing equilibrium sublimation. Sublimation is caused by the presence of an external, alternating magnetic field generated by a current carrying solenoid. The model incorporates the influence of magnetic field parameters, phase change, and radiative heat transfer. Numerical results from the model are compared with sublimation rates obtained from experimentation.
Two-unicast is hard

Consider the k-unicast network coding problem over an acyclic wireline network: Given a rate vector k-tuple, determine whether the network of interest can support k unicast flows with those rates. It is well known that the one-unicast problem is easy and that it is solved by the celebrated max-flow min-cut theorem. The hardness of k-unicast problems with small k has been an open problem. We show that the two-unicast problem is as hard as any kunicast problem for k ≥ 3. Our result suggests that the difficulty of a network coding instance is related more to the magnitude of the rates in the rate tuple than to the number of unicast sessions. As a consequence of our result and other well-known results, we show that linear coding is insufficient to achieve capacity, and non-Shannon inequalities are necessary for characterizing capacity, even for two-unicast networks.
Theoretical rate coefficients for the reaction of methyl radical with hydroperoxyl radical and for methylhydroperoxide decomposition

Abstract The kinetics of the CH 3 + HO 2 bimolecular reaction and the thermal decomposition of CH 3 OOH are studied theoretically. Direct variable reaction coordinate transition state theory (VRC-TST), coupled with high level multireference electronic structure calculations, is used to compute capture rates for the CH 3 + HO 2 reaction and to characterize the transition state of the barrierless CH 3 O + OH product channel. The CH 2 O + H 2 O product channel and the CH 3 + HO 2 → CH 4 + O 2 reaction are treated using variational transition state theory and the harmonic oscillator and rigid rotor approximations. Pressure dependence and product branching in the bimolecular and decomposition reactions are modeled using master equation simulations. The predicted rate coefficients for the major products channels of the bimolecular reaction, CH 3 O + OH and CH 4 + O 2 , are found to be in excellent agreement with values obtained in two recent modeling studies. The present calculations are also used to obtain rate coefficients for the CH 3 O + OH association/decomposition reaction.
Social information embedded in vocalizations induces neurogenomic and behavioral responses.

Social cues facilitate relationships within communities. Zebra finches form long-term stable mate pairs and produce offspring within a multi-family, multi-generational community that can include hundreds of birds. Males use song to communicate in this complex environment. Males sing as part of their courtship display but also abundantly throughout each day, suggesting a role for their vocal signature outside of a reproductive context. One advantage of a vocal social cue is that it can be exchanged when birds are out of visual contact, as regularly occurs in a zebra finch community. Previous works have demonstrated that females hearing song are affected by their social relationship to the bird singing it, and the immediate social context. Here, we probed the question of whether or not the song itself carried social information, as would be expected from the situations when males sing outside of view of the female. We quantified behavioral and neurogenomic responses to two songs we predicted would have distinct “attractive” qualities in adult females housed in either mixed sex or female-only social communities. Our results show that only mixed sex-housed females show distinctive behavioral and neurogenomic responses to attractive songs. These data are consistent with the idea that the acoustic properties of song carry social information, and that the current social situation modulates the neural and behavioral responses to these signals.
An exploratory analysis of common genetic variants in the vitamin D pathway including genome-wide associated variants in relation to glioma risk and outcome.

Purpose Experimental and epidemiological evidence shows a beneficial role of vitamin D in cancer. In vitro evidence is consistent with a similar protective function in glioma; however, no study has yet examined the potential role of vitamin D in glioma.
Validity of the Beck Depression Inventory with Eating Disorder Patients.

Due to the potential overlap of symptoms in depression and eating disorders, depression inventories may yield misleading results when used with patients with eating disorders. To investigate whether the factor structure of Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) was consistent with a measure of depression in patients with eating disorders, a principle factor analysis was conducted. The results suggest that a single factor was present, wit hall items being correlated with the factor. Consequently, the BDI appears to be an adequate measure of depression in patients with an eating disorder.
Surgical treatment of tumors involving the cervicothoracic junction.

Object Tumors involving the cervicothoracic junction can have a high propensity for causing instability, with kyphosis and spinal cord compression resulting. Treatment with decompression only can lead to further instability and worsening neurological status. In this article, the authors review their surgical experience in the treatment of 19 patients with tumors involving the cervicothoracic junction. The various approaches and instrumentation techniques involved in decompression and stabilization of the cervicothoracic junction are also reviewed. Methods Aggressive instrumentation-augmented fusion after decompression of the cervicothoracic region can provide for immediate stabilization and early rehabilitation. Recent development of new hardware such as dual-diameter transition rods, polyaxial screws, and interlocking devices have enhanced the ability to fashion a strong construct for stabilization of the cervicothoracic junction. Conclusions Familiarity with complex instrumentation techniques and variou...
Subsurface geo-applications of wireless signal networks

With the concept and application of the Underground Wireless Signal Networks (UWSNs), the global subsurface monitoring in real-time can be achieved. The wireless signal networks use the signal strength variation of wireless sensor nodes in the host medium (i.e., soil in this case) as the main indicator of an underground event or a physical change in soil properties. However, the deployment of underground signal/sensor networks has more constraint than aboveground deployment, because installation and management of sensors are more difficult and the radio signal attenuation is much higher than above ground communication. This paper summarizes practical potential applications of underground wireless signal networks and challenges and possible solutions on underground signal network deployment. The two representative applications of underground wireless signal networks are experimentally evaluated by laboratory simulations.
Approaches for Teaching Comparative Criminal Justice to Undergraduates

Criminal justice, like many other social sciences, is culturally specific. As criminal justice matures as a viable academic field, the significant contribution of the comparative method to the educationalprocess will undoubtedly be realized. The purpose of this article is to suggest some approaches for teaching comparative criminal justice to undergraduates.
Role of a 461-bp G-rich repetitive element in H19 transgene imprinting.

The molecular mechanism leading to the imprinted expression of genes is poorly understood. While no conserved cis-acting elements have been identified within the known loci, many imprinted genes are located near directly repetitive sequence elements, suggesting that such repeats might play a role in imprinted gene expression. The maternally expressed mouse H19 gene is located approximately 1.5 kb downstream from a 461-bp G-rich repetitive element. We have used a transgenic model to investigate whether this element is essential for H19 imprinting. Previous results demonstrated that a transgene, which contains 14 kb of H19 sequence, exhibits parent-of-origin specific expression and methylation analogous to the endogenous H19 imprinting pattern. Here, we have generated transgenes lacking the G-rich repeat. One transgene, containing a deletion of the G-rich repetitive element but which includes an additional 1.7 kb of 5’H19 sequence, is imprinted similarly to the endogenous H19 gene. To determine whether the G-rich repeat is conserved in other imprinted mammalian H19 homologues, additional 5’ flanking sequences were cloned from the rat and human. This element is conserved in the rat but not in human DNA. These results suggest that the 461-bp G-rich repetitive element is not essential for H19 imprinting.
Towards a reduced model for angiogenesis: A hybrid approach

In this communication, we introduce a new mathematical model for the angiogenesis by endothelial cells. The setup is initially formulated from the perspective of partial differential equations. In this context, we describe the spatiotemporal evolution of the cell population, the extracellular matrix macromolecules, the proteases, the tumor angiogenic factors, and the possible presence of inhibitors. However, we also present a complementary (and, in fact, more physiologically realistic) hybrid viewpoint in which the cells are treated as individual particles. As a test-bed towards the more realistic two-dimensional case, here we showcase the setup and the model in the simpler, spatially one-dimensional situation.
Multivariate analyses of the EEG in normal adolescents

We investigated the computerized electroencephalography (cEEG) in a group of 85 normal adolescents. The spatial frequency of the cEEG was analyzed using various multivariate statistical techniques. The factor analyses revealed three factors that accounted for most of the variability in the data and that could be interpreted as a low versus high frequency, a beta frequency, and a frontal versus posterior factor. The cluster analysis revealed various EEG patterns that distinguished among subgroups of normal individuals.
A Three-year Overwintering Study of the Spotted Alfalfa Aphid

During a 3-year study in the eastern third of Kansas, the spotted alfalfa aphid, Therioaphis maculata (Buckton), survived one winter from the southern to the northern boundary of Kansas and two winters as far north as Manhattan. Over wintering was restricted to south-facing slopes of roadside embankments when it occurred in the north and central portions but occurred in both fields and roadside embankments in the southern portion.
Research directions in computational mechanics

Abstract This article is derived from a report prepared by the US National Committee on Theoretical and Applied Mechanics. It is part of that committee’s agenda to develop position papers on research directions in various areas of mechanics. This is the most recent work devoted to computational mechanics. The report was authored by a subcommittee consisting of Tinsley Oden (Chair), Ted Belytschko, Ivo Babuska and Thomas Hughes. It also incorporates suggestions made by the USNCTAM at large.
Decimal Numbers for Checking Summability

Assume that our technology uses "black boxes" that may be described by a planar figure. (See Fig. 1.) Each "box" has a finite number of inputs ordered in the manner shown in Fig. 1, from top to bottom on the left-hand side of the "box," and one output coming out of the right-hand side of the "box." The output is some function of the input variables. For the purpose of our discussion, the variables may be continuous or discrete or of any nature whatsoever, and each "box" may have any number of inputs.