cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Suicide Ideation in Multiple Sclerosis (P2.191)

Background: Major depressive disorders and suicide are elevated among patients with MS. Despite the high prevalence of suicide among persons with MS, only half of patients are screened and depression and suicide ideation often remain undetected. Objective: The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the prevalence and predictors of suicide in MS as measured by the Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II) and Beck Depression Inventory Fast Screen (BDI-FS), and to determine if the degree of disability and relapse rate were associated with suicide ideation. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted and a convenience sample of 34 persons with MS was recruited from an urban neurological clinic. Descriptive statistics, Spearman correlation, and logistic regression were used to analyze the data. Results: The sample was primarily female (71[percnt]), Caucasian (73.5[percnt]), married (56[percnt]), educated, and lived with a partner or their family (68[percnt]). The prevalence of suicide as assessed by the BDI-FS and BDI-II was 11.76[percnt] and was associated with subjects who were not married, not Caucasians, and who lived alone. Symptoms predictive of suicidal ideation were major depression, appetite changes, sadness and loss of pleasure (p<.05). Mann-Whitney analysis has shown a higher rank for higher MS relapses and suicide ideation (p<.05), but there was no association between disability and suicide ideation. Discussion: Depression is a major determinant of suicide in MS as measured by the BDI-FS. The BDI-FS is an easy screening tool to use in clinical practice. Larger studies are warranted to identify the influence of disability and MS relapses upon suicide ideation. Key Words: Suicide, Depression, Multiple Sclerosis. Disclosure: Dr. Ben-Zacharia has nothing to disclose.
Effect of time interval between the second Improvest® dose and slaughter and corn dried distillers grains with solubles feeding strategies on carcass composition, primal cutout, and pork quality of immunologically castrated pigs.

Abstract Effects of dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) feeding strategies on carcass composition, primal cutout, and lean quality of immunologically castrated (IC; n = 863) pigs were evaluated, and consisted of: 1) corn-soybean meal (CS) diet (PCon); 2) CS + 40% DDGS (NCon); 3) CS + 40, 30, 20, or 10% DDGS fed in phases 1 to 4, respectively (SD); or 4) CS + 40% DDGS fed in phase 1 to 3 and CS in phase 4 (WD). All pigs received the first dose of Improvest® at 11 weeks. of age, and the second dose was administered at either 9, 7, or 5 weeks. before slaughter at 24 weeks. of age. The SD and WD improved carcass dressing percentage and resulted in intermediate primal cut yields and pork loin quality compared with pigs fed PCon and NCon. Increasing the time interval between second dose of Improvest® and slaughter increased adipose tissue accretion but did not affect lean quality of pork.
Medical Device Recalls in Radiation Oncology: Analysis of US Food and Drug Administration Data, 2002-2015.

Purpose To analyze all recalls involving radiation oncology devices (RODs) from the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)'s recall database, comparing these with non–radiation oncology device recalls to identify discipline-specific trends that may inform improvements in device safety. Methods and Materials Recall data on RODs from 2002 to 2015 were sorted into 4 product categories (external beam, brachytherapy, planning systems, and simulation systems). Outcomes included determined cause of recall, recall class (severity), quantity in commerce, time until recall termination (date FDA determines recall is complete), and time since 510(k) approval. Descriptive statistics were performed with linear regression of time-series data. Results for RODs were compared with those for other devices by Pearson χ2 test for categorical data and 2-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test for distributions. Results There were 502 ROD recalls and 9534 other class II device recalls during 2002 to 2015. Most recalls were for external beam devices (66.7%) and planning systems (22.9%), and recall events peaked in 2011. Radiation oncology devices differed significantly from other devices in all recall outcomes (P≤.04). Recall cause was commonly software related (49% vs 10% for other devices). Recall severity was more often moderate among RODs (97.6% vs 87.2%) instead of severe (0.2% vs 4.4%; P Conclusions Compared with other class II devices, RODs experience recalls sooner after market approval and are trending sooner still. Most of these recalls were moderate in severity, and software issues are prevalent. Comprehensive analysis of recall data can identify areas for device improvement, such as better system design among RODs.
Synthetic Gene Circuits Learn to Classify

An efficient computational algorithm is developed to design microRNA-based synthetic cell classifiers and to optimize their performance.
A Longitudinal Study of Hospitality Students’ Emotional Intelligence: Comparing High and Low Scores

Emotional intelligence (EI) is the ability to perceive and regulate or use emotions to improve performance. Managers with higher EI are more successful (Langhorn, 2004); therefore, hospitality educators should want to assist students in improving their EI skills. This longitudinal study looks at whether hospitality management students can increase their EI. The research consisted of collecting several years of pretest EI data from hospitality management students in an introductory class, then incorporating EI lessons into the course and administering a posttest. Finally, EI scores were again collected in a capstone course, and the students’ EI scores were matched to their earlier scores to track changes. The results show that students with low EI scores in the introductory course significantly improved their EI scores, but those with high EI did not. Recommendations are made for how to incorporate EI into the curriculum.
Optimum Storage Layout in Flexible Manufacturing

Two layout problems in flexible manufacturing have been considered. First, the layout of Work In Process (WIP) storage area has been modelled as a generalized assignment problem. Secondly, the optimum location is investigated for the pick up point of the WIP storage unit on a material handling network. Algorithms haye been provided for efficient solution of these two problems.
State Taxation of Mail-Order Sales of Computers after Quill: An Evaluation of MTC Bulletin 95-1

The Multistate Tax Commission’s (MTC) Bulletin 95-1 refines and codifies its longstanding position that a mail-order seller has the requisite nexus to collect a state’s use tax if it has a service employee in that state that regularly and continuously works on its behalf. This bulletin has been immediately criticized with varying degrees of intensity. This article addresses the criticism of Bulletin 95-1. First, the article explains why the proposed “beyond-reasonable-challenge” standard is inappropriate in light of the Supreme Court’s inconsistent sales tax nexus Commerce Clause jurisprudence. The article further analyzes Quill, and defends the MTC’s interpretation of the holding in that case. The article then examines what constitutes “physical presence” after Quill, and clarifies the MTC’s conclusion that in-state repairpersons provide sufficient nexus for out-of-state computer vendors to collect a state’s use tax. The article concludes by explaining that Quill specifically addressed nexus in regards to sales tax, and that income tax nexus is less strict than sales tax nexus.
Design Tradeoffs in Selection of the DC-Side Voltage for a D-STATCOM

A distribution static synchronous compensator (D-STATCOM) is installed in a distribution system to provide reactive power. The controller of a D-STATCOM regulates its DC-side voltage and injected reactive power. This letter proposes a method for choosing the tradeoff reference value of the DC-side voltage of a D-STATCOM to minimize the switching losses and the harmonic content of its output current without compromising its dynamic performance. This letter also proposes an estimation method to determine the circuit parameter required for the proposed DC voltage selection method. Experimental results validate the effectiveness of the proposed methods.
Plant Community Changes During the First 10 Years of a Tallgrass Prairie Restoration Experiment

The relationship between seeding mixtures and establishment of tallgrass prairie plantings was examined in experimental plots established in 2007. Native grass and wildflower seed mixtures, representing four functional groups (C4 grasses, C3 grasses, nitrogen-fixing species, and late-flowering composites), were sown at five levels of richness/seeding density - 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20 species—in 900-m2 plots. Annually, evenness, and total cover and species richness for target (seeded) and non-target (resident) species were measured for the decade from 2007–2016. During the establishment period, eight years received average to above average precipitation; two years experienced drought. Plots seeded with 16 and 20 species achieved 100% target cover by the second year; plots seeded with 12 species had 100% target cover by the fourth year. Plots seeded with 8 or more species had less non-target cover than 4-species plots by the third year, a pattern that persisted for the remainder of the study. Target species ri...
Opportunistic Skin Infections in Immunosuppressed Children

Immunosuppression can occur iatrogenically from medical therapy or primarily due to a defect in the immune system. Opportunistic infections are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in immunosuppressed patients. These infections can be primary to the skin, but, importantly, systemic infections may be diagnosed due to cutaneous manifestations. Often infections present in an atypical fashion in children without a properly functioning immune system. Skin lesions that are suspicious for infection should be sent for culture and empiric therapy should be started. The cutaneous features can help inform both the mechanism of culturing and the first-line therapy. Recognizing and understanding how to diagnose and treat opportunistic skin infections is vital to taking care of immunosuppressed patients.
An ultra-low resource wearable EDA sensor using wavelet compression

This study presents an ultra-low resource platform for physiological sensing that uses on-chip wavelet compression to enable long-term recording of electrodermal activity (EDA) within a 64kB microcontroller. The design is implemented on a wearable platform and provides improvements in size and power compared to existing wearable technologies and was used in a lab setting to monitor EDA of 27 participants throughout a stress induction protocol. We demonstrate the device's sensitivity to stress induction by providing descriptive statistics of 8 common EDA signal features for each stressor of the experiment. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time a generic, 16-bit microcontroller (MCU) has been used to record real-time physiological signals on a wearable platform without the use of external memory chips or wireless transmission for extended periods of time. The compression techniques described can lead to reductions in size, power, and cost of wearable biosensors with little or no modifications to existing sensor hardware and could be valuable for applications interested in monitoring long-term physiological trends at lower data rates and memory requirements.
Review of Queering International Law: Possibilities, Alliances, Complicities, Risks

In the early 1990s, queer theory emerged as a method for investigating the role of sex, gender, and sexuality in the constitution of numerous social fields. Yet its impact on international law has been relatively recent and relatively limited. The new volume edited by Dianne Otto, entitled Queering International Law: Possibilities, Alliances, Complicities, Risks (Routledge 2017), could hardly be timelier, as the sexual contract that underwrites the constitution of liberal-democratic polities is being rewritten across the Global North, with the tide of same-marriage continuing to rise. Rather than seeking to provide a comprehensive overview of the contents of this pathbreaking volume, the first part of the review focuses on the contributors’ distinctive understandings of the term “queer” and the ways in which it functions in their analyses of international law. The review distinguishes between analyses of international law that define queer theory broadly, as an antinormative method with the potential to question and destabilize a range of social binaries and hierarchies, whether or not they are explicitly connected to sexuality, in contrast to queer legal theorists who define their field more narrowly, primarily with reference to the subject matter they study—viz., gays, lesbians, and other sexual minorities. The second part of the review calls attention to the fundamental tension between queer theory and international law. The two protagonists of international law—the sovereign state and the individual rights-bearing subjects—are the essential building blocks of the modern liberal worldview. Operating from radically different premises, queer theory grows out of poststructuralism and its celebration of the death of the subject. In this light, is queering international law possible? Finally, the review considers some recent strands in queer theory that might provide further avenues for using queer theory to think about international law.
Navigating Intersecting Roads in a Mixed Methods Case Study: A Dissertation Journey:

Practical guidance for navigating issues associated with combining mixed methods and case study research approaches is in short supply, particularly for novice researchers who may grapple with nume...
Reintroducing mothur: 10 Years Later

ABSTRACT More than 10 years ago, we published the paper describing the mothur software package in Applied and Environmental Microbiology. Our goal was to create a comprehensive package that allowed users to analyze amplicon sequence data using the most robust methods available. mothur has helped lead the community through the ongoing sequencing revolution and continues to provide this service to the microbial ecology community. Beyond its success and impact on the field, mothur’s development exposed a series of observations that are generally translatable across science. Perhaps the observation that stands out the most is that all science is done in the context of prevailing ideas and available technologies. Although it is easy to criticize choices that were made 10 years ago through a modern lens, if we were to wait for all of the possible limitations to be solved before proceeding, science would stall. Even preceding the development of mothur, it was necessary to address the most important problems and work backwards to other problems that limited access to robust sequence analysis tools. At the same time, we strive to expand mothur’s capabilities in a data-driven manner to incorporate new ideas and accommodate changes in data and desires of the research community. It has been edifying to see the benefit that a simple set of tools can bring to so many other researchers.
Reducing Interruptive Alert Burden Using Quality Improvement Methodology.

Background Increased adoption of electronic health records (EHR) with integrated clinical decision support (CDS) systems has reduced some sources of error but has led to unintended consequences including alert fatigue. The “pop-up” or interruptive alert is often employed as it requires providers to acknowledge receipt of an alert by taking an action despite the potential negative effects of workflow interruption. We noted a persistent upward trend of interruptive alerts at our institution and increasing requests for new interruptive alerts. Objectives Using Institute for Healthcare Improvement (IHI) quality improvement (QI) methodology, the primary objective was to reduce the total volume of interruptive alerts received by providers. Methods We created an interactive dashboard for baseline alert data and to monitor frequency and outcomes of alerts as well as to prioritize interventions. A key driver diagram was developed with a specific aim to decrease the number of interruptive alerts from a baseline of 7,250 to 4,700 per week (35%) over 6 months. Interventions focused on the following key drivers: appropriate alert display within workflow, clear alert content, alert governance and standardization, user feedback regarding overrides, and respect for user knowledge. Results A total of 25 unique alerts accounted for 90% of the total interruptive alert volume. By focusing on these 25 alerts, we reduced interruptive alerts from 7,250 to 4,400 per week. Conclusion Systematic and structured improvements to interruptive alerts can lead to overall reduced interruptive alert burden. Using QI methods to prioritize our interventions allowed us to maximize our impact. Further evaluation should be done on the effects of reduced interruptive alerts on patient care outcomes, usability heuristics on cognitive burden, and direct feedback mechanisms on alert utility.
The West and the Rest: A Civilizational Mantra

This chapter investigates the power of formulaic mantras such as ‘The West and the Rest’ and ‘The Rest and the West’ articulated by scholars and practitioners in the field of international relations. The invocation of such civilizational mantras is in making liminal a racial, colonial and imperialist legacy of violence that is scarcely prefatory in slender narratives of arms control and disarmament. The colonial encounters in Africa and Asia are sketched briefly to make visible differences in approaches to technology and weaponry. An understanding of these differences is imperative to grasp the problematique of universalism associated with discourses emphasizing standards of civilization to regulate and prohibit weapons or clash of civilizations based on the failure of horizontal proliferation of nuclear weapons. The tactical deployment of humanitarian discourses to disarm the natives and sow the seeds of institutionalized practices of arms control and disarmament constitutes an important footnote in this effort at problematizing written histories of arms control and disarmament.
Real-time hybrid simulation using analogue electronic computer technology

In the field of structural dynamics, real-time hybrid simulation (RTHS) continues to receive increased interest from researchers conducting component testing incorporating system-level behaviour. Increased digital computing power has allowed advances in RTHS. However, limitations in RTHS will persist due to the effects of discrete errors caused by quantisation and corresponding numerical integration time step limitations, which can limit the bandwidth and nonlinearities of the system studied. In this paper, an analogue electronic computer is constructed to conduct RTHS of a modelled base-isolated structure with a physically tested viscous damping device. The analogue computer models a two-degree-of-freedom (2DOF) structure and solves the equations of motion required in RTHS testing. Results of the RTHS tests using the analogue computer are compared to RTHS tests implemented with a digital computer in order to validate the proposed analogue RTHS method. Further applications of RTHS testing with analogue computing including high-frequency dynamic testing are discussed.
A methodological framework for understanding shared social values in deliberative valuation

Abstract Deliberative methods elicit social values and provide a framework for explicit representation of value dimensions that go beyond narrow self-interest; these dimensions are obscured by methods that focus on monetary value. The primary objective of this paper is to explore the reasoning behind people's assessments of the value of ecosystem services in a deliberative context. To do so, we collected quantitative and qualitative data from four workshops of residents in New Hampshire's Great Bay watershed in the Northeastern United States. Quantitative data come from participant surveys and expressed group preferences, while qualitative data were derived from transcripts of the group deliberations. This paper aims to understand the process of social value construction by identifying themes of discussion that affected participants' preferences changes over the course of deliberation. We visualized the dynamic process by which participants develop their preferences over time and developed two metrics using applied thematic analysis to better understand how people talk about themes related to ecosystem service tradeoffs. Our results suggest that preferences were formed mainly from ecological and common good considerations. Policymakers could use this insight to support environmental protection strategies and policies, improve environmental decisions, and better allocate resources among competing objectives.
Advances in Dynamic Traffic Assgmnt: TAC

Traditionally traffic assignment problems (TAPs) have been formulated as non-cooperative games (NCGs), and Wardrop’s user equilibrium (UE) of a TAP as Nash equilibrium (NE) of the corresponding NCG. In this study, in contrast, we propose a mapping from finite NCGs (F-NCGs) to asymmetric TAPs (A-TAPs) on a two-way or urban network, in which the travel cost of one link depends on flows on other links. With the help of three route-based formulations of UE, we show that NE of an F-NCG is equivalent to UE of the corresponding A-TAP. Based on the new relationship, we extend Nash’s fixed point formulation of NE to prove the existence of static UE. This study provides a more complete picture of the relationships between NCGs and TAPs. In the future we will be interested in studying Nash’s fixed point formulation for dynamic UE.
Monitoring Environmental Justice

Abstract To date, policies for environmental justice have not been accompanied by sufficient methods of monitoring progress toward environmental justice even though policymakers and citizens alike expect some means of evaluating policy effectiveness. Concerned that this lacuna holds back environmental justice policy, and thus the possibility of reaching environmental justice, this article articulates a framework to aid the development of indexes that link multiple environmental justice issues within and across spatial and temporal scales. The argument proceeds in three steps: First, an examination of the importance of monitoring progress toward policy targets justifies the focus on indicators and indexes. Second, limitations of environmental justice indicators (e.g., their focus on specific local issues) will be identified. Third, an integrative framework for developing indicators of sustainability will inform the creation of a framework to guide the development of environmental justice indicators. The mo...
Optimal use of 99mtechnetium-glucoheptonate scintigraphy in the detection of pyelonephritic scarring in children: a preliminary report

AbstractRenal scintigraphy represents the optimal modality for the detection of renal scars. 99mTechnetium-glucoheptonate is rapidly accumulated by the kidney through glomerular filtration and active transport by renal tubular cells. This permits rapid visualization of the renal parenchyma in the early phase (1 to 3-minute images) and subsequent imaging of the collecting system and ureters. About 10 to 15 per cent of the injected activity remains in the kidney, labeling the cells of the proximal convoluted tubules (late phase or 1 to 2-hour images). The late phase has been used more commonly to assess renal parenchymal damage.Early and late phase glucoheptonate scanning was performed in 42 children as part of the evaluation of recurrent febrile urinary tract infections with or without a history of vesicoureteral reflux. Inter-observer reliability to interpret glucoheptonate scans was good (early, 83 per cent agreement and late, 93 per cent agreement). The ability of glucoheptonate scanning to detect renal...
Two mutations produce intron insertion in mRNA and elongated beta-subunit of human beta-hexosaminidase.

Abstract An elongated beta-subunit of the lysosomal enzyme beta-hexosaminidase was found in fibroblast strains derived from two patients with juvenile Sandhoff disease and two asymptomatic individuals sharing an unusual isoenzyme pattern: a low level of residual A (alpha beta) isoenzyme activity (3-6% of normal for the juvenile Sandhoff and 9-10% for the asymptomatic strains) without B (beta beta) isoenzyme activity. The elongated beta-subunit was abnormal in other ways: It reacted with antiserum against the unfolded polypeptide, it was not phosphorylated on mannose residues, it was not processed to the mature form, and it was degraded rapidly. The increased length of the beta-subunit was caused by two different mutations. Cells from two juvenile Sandhoff and one asymptomatic individuals had the previously described G----A transition in intron 12 that creates a splice site, causing an in-frame insertion of 24 intronic nucleotides into mRNA (Nakano, T., and Suzuki, K. (1989) J. Biol. Chem. 264, 5155-5158). The second mutation was found in cells from the asymptomatic girl whose A+B- isoenzyme pattern had been designated "Hexosaminidase Paris" (Dreyfus, J. C., Poenaru, L., Vibert, M., Ravise, N., and Boue, J. (1977) Am. J. Hum. Genet. 29, 287-293); duplication of a region straddling the junction of intron 13 and exon 14 generates an alternate splice site, causing an in-frame insertion of 18 nucleotides into mRNA. Although the two new splice sites are used preferentially, the normal sites may be used to some extent, accounting for the residual A isoenzyme activity.
Lowering LDL--Not Only How Low, But How Long?

People with a mutation in a proteolytic enzyme are at a substantially lower risk for coronary heart disease because of their lifelong reduction of plasma low-density lipoprotein.
Chondrites and the Solar Nebula

The meteorites called chondrites may hold some of the keys to understanding the formation of the solar system. In his Perspective, Brearley reports on a recent meeting of meteoriticists, who study such objects, including the famous Allende meteorite that fell in Mexico in 1969. One of the more intense debates at the workshop centered on whether and in what ways the chondrites were altered by heat or water during or after formation of the solar system. As the author discusses, the result of the meeting was a much clearer understanding of the direction of future research.
Alterations in Mitochondrial Adenosine Triphosphatase Activity Resulting from Mutation of Mitochondrial Deoxyribonucleic Acid

Abstract A group of oligomycin-resistant mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae have been selected. Most are cytoplasmically inherited and have altered ATPase sensitivity in isolated mitochondria. Two mutants, resistant to growth on oligomycin, are not resistant when ATPase is tested in isolated mitochondria. One of these mutants shows normal Mendelian inheritance while the other is cytoplasmic. Studies on the isolated soluble ATPase enzyme from wild type cells show that the solubilized enzyme is not inhibited by oligomycin but the reconstituted enzyme complex is sensitive. ATPases from oligomycin-resistant mutants can also be separated into their component parts and subsequently reconstituted. The reconstituted enzyme complex resembles the mitochondrial-bound enzyme in its resistance to oligomycin inhibition. Preparation of hybrid reconstituted ATPase complexes from mixed components of the mutant and wild type enzymes shows that the resistance is contributed by the membrane fraction of the mutant ATPase. Thus, the mitochondrial DNA has been shown to direct the synthesis of a membrane component influencing the activity of the mitochondrial ATPase.
Zero-Inflated Boosted Ensembles for Rare Event Counts

Two linked ensembles are used for a supervised learning problem with rare-event counts. With many target instances of zero, more traditional loss functions (such as squared error and class error) are often not relevant and a statistical model leads to a likelihood with two related parameters from a zero-inflated Poisson (ZIP) distribution. In a new approach, a linked pair of gradient boosted tree ensembles are developed to handle the multiple parameters in a manner that can be generalized to other problems. The result is a unique learner that extends machine learning methods to data with nontraditional structures. We empirically compare to two real data sets and two artificial data sets versus a single-tree approach (ZIP-tree) and a statistical generalized linear model.
Students' Immersion Experiences in Study Abroad

Data show that a larger number of students than ever are participating in learning experiences abroad. However, such programs are not always as immersive and intensive as participants, faculty, program directors, and administrators would wish. This study examines the ways in which students created sustained opportunities to interact with members of the host community as well as episodes of cultural clash, miscommunication, and misunderstanding experienced at the intersection of two cultures that led to diminishing willingness to interact with members of the host community. The article concludes with recommendations for pre-departure experiences that are designed to help students become more aware of their sociocultural identities, cultural values, learning goals, and program expectations as well as to invest in their own learning and prepare to engage in sustained and meaningful ways with members of the host culture.
A re-examination of economic injury levels for potato leafhopper (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) on soybean.

The potato leafhopper, Empoasca fabae (Harris), is an occasional pest of seedling soybean throughout the eastern United States. Economic injury levels (EIL) for E. fabae on soybean are not available for all vulnerable soybean stages, nor do they reflect current understandings of soybean response to injury or EIL calculation methodology. Damage terms were estimated for seedling soybean stages using curve-fitting techniques that consider the vulnerability of the expanding leaf tissue of seedling soybean. Yield loss for stage V1 soybean was 43.58 kg/ha/E. fabae/plant, for V2 was 20.41 kg/ha/E. fabae/plant, for V3 was 13.10 kg/ha/E. fabae/plant, and for V4 was 9.55 kg/ha/E. fabae/plant. Economic injury level matrices were developed to reflect changing economic conditions and management costs for V1 through V4 soybean. The EILs are 1.4 to 3.6 E. fabae/plant for V1 soybean, 3.0 to 7.8 E. fabae/plant for V2 soybean, 4.7 to 12.2 E. fabae/plant for V3 soybean, and 6.5 to 16.7 E. fabae/plant for V4 soybean.
An Architecture for Automatic Reference Linking

Along with the explosive growth of the Web has come a great increase in on-line scholarly literature, which is often more current than what appears in printed publications. The increasing proportion of on-line scholarly literature makes it possible to implement functionality desirable to all researchers - the ability to access cited documents immediately from the citing paper. Implementing this direct access is called "reference linking". The Cornell Digital Library Research Group employs value-added surrogates as a generalizable mechanism for providing reference-linking behavior in Web documents. This mechanism exposes reference linking data through a well-defined API, permitting the construction of reference linking services by external clients. We present two example reference linking applications buildable on this API. We also introduce a performance metric; currently we are (automatically) extracting reference linking information with more than 80% accuracy.
Center Manifolds and Bifurcation Theory

Let \(F:{\mathbb R}^n\rightarrow {\mathbb R}^n\) be a \(C^1\) vector field with \(F(0)=0\). A center manifold for \(F\) at \(0\) is an invariant manifold containing \(0\) which is tangent to and of the same dimension as the center subspace of \(DF(0)\).
Meeting the 30‐Minute Decision to Incision Rule in the Community Hospital

Poster Presentation Objective To develop a multidisciplinary process whereby St. Joseph Hospital can consistently meet or exceed the 30‐minute time frame from the decision to perform an unscheduled emergency cesarean to the time the surgical incision is made. Design A retrospective audit of unscheduled cesareans from January 2012 through May 2013 was used to identify 118 cases. The reasons for the cesareans were reviewed and the most emergent cases were identified: nonreassuring fetal heart rate tracing and maternal complications. Sample A total of 23 cases met these criteria and were reviewed for decision to incision time and time of day performed. Response time ranged from 49 to 170 minutes from 7 am to 3 pm, 53 to 66 minutes from 3 pm to 11 pm, and 51 to 82 minutes from 11 pm to 7 am with an overall mean response time of 80.8 minutes. Methods Quality improvement, plan, do, study, act (PDSA). Implementation Strategies A multidisciplinary team comprised of nursing and medical leaders from maternal child health, anesthesia, the operating room, and representatives from ancillary support departments convened to identify processes currently in place and ways to improve workflow efficiencies to reduce the response times with the goal of meeting or exceeding the 30‐minute decision to incision time for unscheduled emergency cesareans. The team implemented a structured response for all cesareans so in instances of true emergencies, the staff would be well drilled. Results Heightened awareness reduced mean response time to 61.5 minutes by October 2013. A structured response team Code OBERT (Obstetrical Emergency Response Team) was implemented in November 2013, and by February 2014 mean response time was reduced to 40.4 minutes. Conclusion/Implications for Nursing Practice Significant progress has been made in meeting or exceeding the timeframe, however, we continue to work toward consistency in all cases. Nurses in community hospitals with limited resources can still navigate the complexities of obstetric care.
Primary Retroperitoneal Paraganglioma Simulating a Pancreatic Mass: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Paragangliomas are extra-adrenal tumors of the autonomic nervous system and may be found within the skull base, neck, chest, and abdomen. When presenting within the abdominal cavity, they may arise as a primary retroperitoneal neoplasm and can mimic vascular malformations or other conditions related to specific retroperitoneal organs such as the pancreas, kidneys, or adrenals. Retroperitoneal paragangliomas are mostly benign with good prognosis; however, they can present with abdominal pain, palpable mass, or hypertensive episodes. Patients should be initially evaluated with catecholamine levels, followed by computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging to locate the primary lesion. Surgical excision remains the mainstay of treatment, although advanced disease and proximity to vital organs can make excision difficult or impossible. This case report describes a patient who initially underwent work up for a suspected pancreatic head mass which was discovered to be a retroperitoneal paraganglioma by frozen section.
Margaret sanger 1883-1966.

(1966). Margaret Sanger 1883–1966. The Journal of Sex Research: Vol. 2, No. 3, pp. 154-156.
Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome complicated by ascites and vaginal lymphatic drainage in adolescence: a case report.

Abstract Background Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome is a rare disease characterized by capillary malformationsand soft tissue and bony hypertrophy and atypical varicosities. Management of this syndrome is focused primarily on treatment of the complications that arise from these malformations. Ascites and lymphedema are two of the more common complications in these patients. Case A 15-year-old female with Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome presented with chylous ascites, vaginal drainage, and unilateral lower extremity lymphedema. Treatment included dilation, hysteroscopy and curettage, and laparoscopic evacuation of abdomino-pelvic ascites with resolution of symptoms for 32 months. Repeat laparoscopic drainage was successful and remains symptom free after 12 months. Conclusion Vaginal drainage of chylous ascites is a rare complication from Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome and can be successfully managed by techniques to remove abdomino-pelvic ascites.
Analysis of Retinal Function by a Two-Filter Method

Any two colored lights are effective in some characteristic energy ratio for stimulating cones, and some other characteristic ratio for stimulating rods, owing to the different spectral sensitivities of these receptors. Such ratios can be used to assess precisely the contributions of rods and cones to visual responses. In these experiments a violet and a yellow test light are used in this way to analyze cone and rod participation in dark adaption, and in the thresholds of the dark-adapted retina at various distances from the fixation point (“retinal profiles”). Also, since the human macular pigment absorbs the violet light and not the yellow, these lights can map the extent and depth of the yellow patch. A functional cross section of the retina results, measuring separately rod and cone activities and macular pigmentation, that agrees reasonably well with histological descriptions. A considerable section of dark adaptation is shown to involve mixed cone and rod responses. Thresholds of the dark adapted eye near the foveal border are similarly mixed, Color sensations at the threshold desaturate with the first participation of rods, and are wholly lost while cone activity is still prominent. The macular pigmentation becomes appreciable at some distance from the fixation point, and in this subject increases regularly in depth to a maximum in the central fovea.
Nonoperative management of a splenic tear in a Jehovah's Witness with hemophilia

Splenic laceration, the most common visceral lesion following blunt abdominal trauma, can be treated in a nonoperative fashion in only a select group of stable patients with minimal injury. We report a unique case of life-threatening splenic trauma in a Jehovah's Witness with hemophilia that was successfully managed without surgery.
A Comparison of Quality of Life Scores in Patients With Angina Pectoris After Angioplasty Compared With After Medical Therapy Outcomes of a Randomized Clinical Trial

Background Evaluations of therapy for the treatment of angina have traditionally consisted of a combination of objective measures, such as exercise tolerance, and subjective markers, such as angina attack rate. Recently, the need to assess “how patients feel”—their quality of life (QOL)—has been regarded with increasing importance. Standard instruments are available to assess QOL and its change after therapeutic intervention. Although QOL instruments have been used to assess the efficacy of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA), they have not been used previously to compare the impact of PTCA with that of medical therapy in patients with angina pectoris. We report on the changes in self-assessed QOL among patients randomly assigned to treatment by PTCA or medical therapy and relate these measurements to changes in exercise performance and coronary angiograms. Methods and Results Patients with stable angina, a positive exercise tolerance test, and at least 70% stenosis (index lesion) in the...
Will Foreign Capital Inflow Alleviate Income Inequality

ABSTRACT With the rapid increase in foreign capital inflow, a major concern for policy makers is whether such capital accumulation will help to alleviate a developing country's income inequality or make the rich richer and the poor poorer. This paper points out that more intensive competition in the labor market can be one of the reasons causing China's rising income inequality. This is because of, first, the increase in urban unemployment, especially from the state-owned enterprises, and, second, the rising nominal wage gap between the state-owned enterprises and firms with whole or partial foreign ownership. However, the overall productivity and hence the real wage can increase in both the private sector and the state sector. To reduce income inequality, the government should further enable the state sector to compete on an equal footing with the private sector. This includes both increasing labor mobility and removing the state sector's obligations to provide social welfare to its employees. Moreover, ...
Insect response to alphavirus infection—Establishment of alphavirus persistence in insect cells involves inhibition of viral polyprotein cleavage

Abstract Alphavirus persistence in the insect vector is an essential element in the vector–host transmission cycle of the virus and provides a model to study the biochemical and molecular basis for virus–vector coexistence. The prototype alphavirus Sindbis (SV) establishes persistent infections in invertebrate cell cultures which are characterized by low levels of virus production. We hypothesized that antiviral factors may be involved in decreasing the virus levels as virus persistence is established in invertebrate cells. Transcription profiles in Drosophila S2 cells at 5 days post-infection with SV identified families of gene products that code for factors that can explain previous observations seen in insect cells infected with alphaviruses. Genomic array analysis identified up-regulation of gene products involved in intracellular membrane vesicle formation, cell growth rate changes and immune-related functions in S2 cells infected with SV. Transcripts coding for factors involved in different aspects of the Notch signaling pathway had increased in expression. Increased expression of ankyrin, plap, syx13, unc-13, csp, rab1 and rab8 may aid in formation of virus containing vesicles and in intracellular transport of viral structural proteins. Possible functions of these gene products and relevant hypotheses are discussed. We confirmed the up-regulation of a wide-spectrum protease inhibitor, Thiol-ester containing Protein (TEP) II. We report inhibition of the viral polyprotein cleavage at 5 days post-infection (dpi) and after superinfection of SV-infected cells at 5 dpi. We propose that inefficient cleavage of the polyprotein may, at least in part, lead to reduced levels of virus seen as persistence is established.
Facies variation, depositional setting and hydrocarbon potential of the Upper Cretaceous rocks in the United Arab Emirates

Abstract The Upper Cretaceous (Aruma Group) of the United Arab Emirates (UAE) was deposited over nearly 23 Ma. This was after a period of major erosional emergence in the Turonian. The variable thicknesses and lithofacies of the sediments of this group were controlled by regional subsidence induced by plate collision and partial subduction, eustatic sea-level fluctuations and differential sedimentation rates. The Upper Cretaceous in the southern UAE (Abu Dhabi region) consists of two major transgressive-regressive cycles involving the sediments of four formations, the Laffan, Halul, Fiqa and Simsima. In the central UAE (Dubai region) the group consists of the Laffan, Ilam, and Fiqa Formations, while in the northern UAE it consists of the Muti, Juweiza, Qahlah and Simsima Formations. The earliest Late Cretaceous sedimentation accompanied a marine transgression that probably began in the late Turonian, with the sea spreading to cover most of the UAE by Coniacian times. This marine event was marked by the deposition of basinal muds (not shales) and neritic marls. Later, during Santonian, neritic shelf carbonates were deposited. Subsequent subsidence in the early Campanian resulted in the accumulation of deep-water marls, argillaceous limestones and muds (shales). During the Maastrichtian, a widespread regression occurred, and neritic shelf bioclastic limestones and dolomites containing rudists and orbitoids were deposited on the shelf margin. Toward the centre of the basin, in the northern UAE, thicker, basinal, slope and shelf edge sediments were deposited resulting in a succession that consists mostly of marls, argillaceous limestones, cherts, conglomerates, sandstones and shales. Commercial hydrocarbons in the Upper Cretaceous are confined to the Simsima and Ilam Formations, which are the best potential exploration targets, particularly in the offshore of the northeastern Emirates in a belt parallel to the Oman Mountains. The basal part of the Upper Cretaceous is a major seal over middle Cretaceous reservoirs of the UAE.
Trophic relationships of juvenile blue crabs ( Callinectes sapidus ) in estuarine habitats

Salt marshes and shallow-water macroalgal beds are known to provide nursery habitat for many species of fish and invertebrates. The role of these habitats as refuge from predation is well established, but the degree to which indigenous primary production within the nursery provides food for growth and development of estuarine species remains unresolved. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that juvenile blue crabs depend on indigenous primary production, directly or indirectly, during their entire stay within the nursery. To test this hypothesis, we conducted isotopic studies and stomach content analyses of juveniles from habitats near the mouth of Delaware Bay and from an adjacent lagoonal estuary (ca. 39.5° N, 75.1° W). Primary producers, marsh detritus, various life-history stages of blue crabs and potential prey species were sampled in the main estuary and in an adjacent marsh during the summer and early fall of two consecutive years. Newly settled juveniles ( 60 mm were enriched in δ13C (−14.7 ± 0.1‰) compared to small crabs, suggesting a gradual shift in diet from a planktonic to a detritus-based food web with increasing size. As with crabs from Delaware Bay, the δ13C signature of juvenile crabs sampled from macroalgal beds in the lagoonal estuary (Rehoboth Bay) changed as a function of size. Also, δ13C ratios of crabs varied among the various species of macroalgae. The δ15N composition of primary producers in the marsh and main estuary also was reflected in the δ15N values of crabs and other benthic consumers in the respective habitats. Results of stomach-content analysis in this study were consistent with isotope data. Observed changes in prey preferences were related to changes in size of juvenile crabs and also differed among habitats. Gut content analyses of the three size classes of juveniles in macroalgal beds from Rehoboth Bay indicated that the crabs depend heavily on various amphipod species that occur on the seaweeds. These amphipods graze directly on the macroalgae and are among the most abundant invertebrates in the macroalgal beds. This implies a direct trophic relationship between the juvenile crabs and the macroalgae. In summary, our study provides strong evidence that the value of nursery areas such as salt marshes and macroalgal beds goes beyond that of providing refuge from predation, and that species using these nurseries (e.g. juvenile blue crabs) are ultimately dependent on primary production originating in benthic plants indigenous to the nursery.
Development of the Hamiltonian and matrix elements for partially deuterated methoxy radical

The effects of partial deuteration of the methoxy radical upon the ground state Hamiltonian are considered. Methoxy exhibits Jahn–Teller distortion and has an unpaired electron somewhat complicating the situation. Two approaches are considered. One, named the internal axis treatment, sets up the rotational and spin–rotation Hamiltonians with the axis of quantization aligned along the direction of the orbital angular momentum. The other, named the principal axis treatment, chooses the axis of quantization along the a-axis. The internal axis method is preferred because the perturbation Hamiltonian needed to treat CH3O is simply expressed and has simple matrix elements with this choice.