cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Deletion of the p107/p130-binding domain of Mip130/LIN-9 bypasses the requirement for CDK4 activity for the dissociation of Mip130/LIN-9 from p107/p130-E2F4 complex.

Abstract Mip130/LIN-9 is part of a large complex that includes homologs of the Drosophila dREAM (drosophila RB-like, E2F, and Myb) and C. elegans DRM complexes. This complex also includes proteins such as Mip40/LIN-37, Mip120/LIN-54, and LIN-52. In mammalian cells, Mip130/LIN-9 specifically associates with the p107/p130-E2F4 repressor complex in G0/G1 and with B-Myb in S-phase. However, little is known about how the transition occurs and whether Mip130/LIN-9 contributes to the repressor effect of p107/p130. In this report, we demonstrate that Mip130/LIN-9, Mip40/LIN-37, Mip120/LIN-54, and Sin3b form a core complex, the Mip Core Complex or LIN Complex (MCC/LINC), which is detectable in all phases of the cell cycle. This complex specifically recruits transcriptional repressors such as p107, p130, E2F4 and HDAC1 in G0/G1, and B-Myb in S-phase. Importantly, we provide strong evidence that the transition between repressors and activators of transcription is mediated by CDK4, through the phosphorylation of the pocket proteins, p107 and p130. The requirement for CDK4 activity is bypassed by the deletion of the first 84 amino acids (Mip130/LIN-9Δ84), since this mutant is unable to interact with p107/p130 in G0/G1, while maintaining its association with B-Myb. Importantly, the Mip130/LIN-9Δ84 allele rescues the low expression of G1/S genes observed in CDK4−/− MEFs demonstrating that Mip130/LIN-9 contributes to the repression of these E2F-regulated genes in G0/G1.
Kickback: turning game history students into pinball designers

The pinball machine is an endangered species. Often cited as a historical touchstone for video game levels, their pedagogical value is clear. Yet it is becoming difficult to find operational machines for students to play and analyze. However, by using Internet-based pinball design and history resources, and a shareware package called Future Pinball, the authors have been able to surpass the original pedagogic goals of a pinball analysis assignment. A new approach has been developed to convert a merely observational process into a constrained early design project; blending thematic and functional analysis, design and the benefits and challenges of constraints into a successful active learning experience. This paper will discuss the design and benefits of the experience and highlight examples of exemplary student work at both the graduate and undergraduate level.
Social welfare functions generating social choice rules that are invulnerable to manipulation

Abstract Any social welfare function f—whether transitive-valued or not—induces a social choice function g as follows: If at profile p in the domain of f there is a feasible alternative x that is “strictly greater than” every other feasible alternative according to f(p) then we set g(p) = x. The domain of g is the set of all such profiles p, whether or not f(p) is acyclic. We specify a condition on a social welfare function that is necessary and sufficient for the induced social choice rule to be invulnerable to manipulation by any individual or coalition, and we generalize to an arbitrary collection of coalitions—including the family of singleton coalitions.
Engagement Motivations in Professional Associations

This article follows Knoke in exploring how public incentives offered by professional associations (such as lobbying on behalf of collective interests) compete with private incentives (such as member networking opportunity) in promoting monetary gifts, voluntary coproduction of organizational outcomes, and commitment to the association. Olson’s contention that public goods do not motivate civic engagement has fostered several decades of research geared toward establishing the role of such goods in associational outcomes. Based on membership surveys of three engineering associations and two health care associations, the study concludes that private incentives are not universal motivators, while public incentives show some evidence of motivating engagement. Unexpected differences between the two fields of professional association are striking, prompting suggestions that current practitioners and future research give attention to field differences and resist overgeneralization regarding engagement motivation...
Detergent degradation of the methylene blue complex of tobacco mosaic virus.

Abstract When the complex (I) of methylene blue with tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) was degraded with sodium dodecyl sulfate, a reproducible fraction (II) of ribonucleic acid (RNA), protein, and methylene blue was in all cases formed, appearing in the residue after ammonium sulfate precipitation. Along with it was found the precipitated white protein normally observed in TMV degradation with detergent. The blue complex (II) contained up to 80% of the total methylene blue in the original soluble complex (I). About 6% of the fraction (II) was RNA. In the complex (II) about one-third of the total nucleic acid in the complex (I) being degraded was accounted for. The fraction (II) retained its methylene blue on dialysis and could be disrupted only by chloroform or phenol extraction, causing simultaneous release of the dye. By analysis of the visible absorption spectra, methylene blue was shown to be bound in complex (I) initially in polymeric form, and at the moment of sodium dodecyl sulfate addition changed its form to predominantly monomeric, as in the fraction (II). The latter had an average sedimentation constant of 2.5 s, at 0.5 mg/ml, and an apparent molecular weight of 57,000 by equilibrum sedimentation, values indicating very small particle size compared to the RNA obtained from TMV itself by detergent degradation.
Acute inflammatory changes in subcutaneous microtumors in the ears of mice induced by intravenous CM101 (GBS toxin).

CM101, a bacterial polysaccharide derived from group B streptococcus, induces pronounced inflammatory changes in and around tumor blood vessels 60 min after i. v. injection. A technique has been developed for implanting small numbers of tumor cells in the ear skin of mice. This allows macroscopic examination of the tumor and its supporting blood vessels as it reaches the 10000 cell size and greater. Treatments can be monitored in this model for effects on small “metastatic-like” tumor nodules by direct observation and by histological examination. Inflammatory changes were indicated by increased numbers of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) adjacent to and marginating within thin-walled blood vessels and within the tumor tissue. PMN were seen in the process of migrating through venules and enlarged capillaries, each with prominent endothelial cells. Tumor morphology was variable with evidence of occasional single necrotic cells. This contrasted with tumors in ears of dextran-treated or untreated mice, which had uniform tumor morphology, and acute inflammatory cells were rarely present.
SU‐E‐T‐294: Biological Effect of Motion On Fractionated Dose Delivery: Statistical Analysis and Simulation

Purpose: To analyze and validate with simulation with radiobiological effect of motion on dose delivery. To reveal the impact of motion pattern, dose modulation level and fractionation pattern on this effect. Methods: Cell survival fraction was modeled according to the LQ. We derived the contribution from instantaneously received dose caused by movement by tracking the trajectory of each cell subvolume, and utilized a first order perturbation approach to analyze its integral effect. The local instantaneous dose was modeled as a nonstandard Gaussian process by taking interfraction setup as fractionwise constant and intrafractional motion to be normally distributed. The analysis was performed as a function of spatial location to account for variations in radiobiological property and dose pattern. We derived the expected value to the biological effect and revealed the factors and their impact on the motion‐induced discrepancy from expected biological effect. Numerical simulation was performed to verify the analysis. Results: The discrepancy between the motion‐affected and expected radiobiological effect (in terms of biological effective dose) was revealed to scale quadratically with the local dose gradient, the standard deviation of the intra‐fraction motion. The interfraction motion contributes to such discrepancy via both a linear bias and a quadratic noncentrality, indicting a persistent effect even if daily setup were random and averaged out in first order in physical dose. Late responding tissues with a small alpha/beta ratio are affected more significantly than early responding tissues. Simulation results verified these observations. Conclusion: This analysis suggests that motion‐induced discrepancy in biological effect (from expectation at planning) is most significant for late responding tissues located in the neighborhood of high dose gradient, when treated with a small number of fractions. This may explain the relatively high toxicity for treatment with SBRT and rationalizes the importance of localization accuracy and placement stability for such treatment. funded in part by AACR and TRDRP.
Numerical Analysis of Nanotube-Based NEMS Devices—Part I: Electrostatic Charge Distribution on Multiwalled Nanotubes

The charge distribution on the surface of a biased conductive, finite-length, cylindrical nanotube, free standing above an infinite grounded plane, is investigated. The diameter range of the cylinder tube under study is 20-60 nm, which is much larger than the screening length, meaning the quantum and statistical effects on the charge distribution are negligible. The relationship between the charge distribution and the geometry of the nanotube is examined in detail by classical electrostatics using full three-dimensional numerical simulations based on the boundary element method. A model of the concentrated charge at the end of nanotubes is proposed. The charge distribution for a clamped cantilever nanotube is also computed and discussed. The findings here reported are of particular usefulness in the design and modeling of electrostatic actuated nanotube/ nanowire based nano-electromechanical systems.
Gender, Self-Objectification and Pubic Hair Removal

Pubic hair removal is common in college age men and women in the United States and Australia. The present research addresses two questions related to this practice: (1) Are objectification and body shape concerns related to pubic hair removal; and (2) Do these relationships differ by gender? U.S. undergraduates, 148 women and 76 men, completed questionnaires about the presence, frequency of, and reasons for pubic hair removal; self-objectification, including self-surveillance and body shame; self-consciousness in sexual situations; and drives for leanness, thinness, and muscularity. While both genders reported similar rates of pubic hair removal, women reported greater frequency and higher normative, sexiness, and cleanliness reasons for pubic hair removal. Normative and sexiness reasons were positively correlated with self-surveillance. The relationships among normative and sexiness reasons and self-objectification were significantly higher for women with women’s body shame and self-surveillance scores more strongly impacted by normative and sexiness reasons. Findings are interpreted within the framework of objectification theory.
Relationship between reflected signal amplitude and defect size in rope inspection using a transverse-impulse vibrational wave

Abstract The relationship between defect size (reduction in cross-section and length) and reflected signal amplitude of a transverse-impulse vibrational wave in a rope was investigated experimentally. Results obtained from a 4.8 mm diameter wire rope with simulated defects of various sizes agreed well with the theoretical reflection coefficient. The lower boundary of the detectable defect size and a possible means of further extending the boundary are also discussed.
Dynamic riparian buffer widths from potential non-point source pollution areas in forested watersheds

Abstract Efforts to manage National Forests in the USA for wood production, while protecting water quality, are currently constrained by models that do not address the temporal dynamics of variable non-point source (NPS) areas. NPS areas are diffuse sources of contaminants contributed mostly by runoff as a result of different land use activities. Riparian vegetative buffers are often used to control contaminants from NPS areas but defining suitable widths require different policy considerations. In this study, the approach for defining suitable buffer widths is to apply a distributed process-based model that predicts potential NPS areas prone to generating runoff in relation to overland flow distances. A case study of the concept was applied to the 72 km2 Pete King watershed located in the Clearwater National Forest (CNF) in central Idaho, USA. This grid modeling approach is based on a Geographic Information System (GIS) and it integrates the soil moisture routing (SMR) model with probabilistic analysis. The SMR model is a daily water balance model that simulates the hydrology of forested watersheds using real or stochastically generated climate data, a digital elevation model, soil, and land use data. The probabilistic analysis incorporates the variability of soil depth and accounts for uncertainties associated with the prediction of NPS areas using Monte Carlo simulation. A 1-year simulation for the case study location was performed to examine the spatial and temporal changes in NPS areas prone to generating runoff. The results of the simulation indicate that the seasonal variability of saturated areas determines the spatial dynamics of the potential NPS pollution. Use of this model for the design of riparian buffer widths would increase the effectiveness of decision-making in forest management and planning by mapping or delineating NPS areas likely to transport contaminants to perennial surface water bodies.
Using μ Feedforward for Vehicle Stability Enhancement

A differential braking control strategy using yaw rate feedback, coupled with µ feedforward is introduced for a vehicle cornering on different µ roads. A nonlinear 4-wheel car model is developed. A desired yaw rate is calculated from the reference model based on the driver steering input. It is shown that knowledge of µ offers significant improvement of the vehicle desired trajectory over that of a yaw rate controller alone. Uncertainties and time delay in estimating µ are shown to still yield a system that is superior to using no µ information at all.
The Politics of Attention: How Government Prioritizes Problems

The Politics of Attention: How Government Prioritizes Problems. By Bryan D. Jones and Frank R. Baumgartner. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2005. 304p. 25.00 paper.This book is about policy change in the U.S. national government. Drawing on their exhaustive collection of policy data for the last three decades, Bryan Jones and Frank Baumgartner make a very persuasive argument for their “punctuated equilibrium” theory of public policy. The authors detail a catalog of reasons why policy changes are typically small, including (among other things) individual-level “bounded rationality” and institutional properties like “friction.” These many factors combine to produce policy that appears to change incrementally most of the time, but there are infrequent moments in which major change is observed. The amount of nonincremental change is linked to the nature of political institutions and to the stages of the policy process. The final stage of the process—legislative change—is costly and slow, producing infrequent change, while changes in the earlier stages are less costly and therefore more frequent.
Could the United States Iron Industry Have Survived Free Trade after the Civil War

Abstract An unresolved question concerning post-Civil War U.S. industrialization is the degree to which import tariffs protected domestic manufacturers from foreign competition. This paper considers the impact of import tariffs on the domestic pig iron industry, the basic building block of the entire iron and steel industry. After reviewing the contentious political debate surrounding the pig iron duties and estimating the elasticity of substitution between domestic and imported pig iron, a standard trade model provides estimates of how tariff reductions would affect domestic prices, production, imports, and welfare. The results suggest that, had the tariff been eliminated in 1869, domestic output would have fallen by about 15% and the import market share would have risen from about 7% to nearly 30%. These relatively modest effects suggest that a substantial portion of the domestic industry could have survived a significant tariff reduction.
Office Preparedness for Pediatric Emergencies: A Randomized, Controlled Trial of an Office-Based Training Program

Objective. Many children enter the emergency medical system through primary care offices, yet these offices may not be adequately prepared to stabilize severely ill children. We conducted this study to evaluate the effectiveness of an office-based educational program designed to improve the preparation of primary care practices for pediatric emergencies. Methods. A prospective, randomized, controlled trial was conducted of primary care practices (pediatric, family practice, and health departments) that were recruited from an existing database of North Carolina practices. Practices that agreed to participate were randomly assigned to either the intervention or the control group. Unannounced mock codes were conducted in the intervention practices by 2 emergency medicine clinicians (medical doctor and/or registered nurse). Practices were expected to respond to the mock code using their own staff, equipment, and local emergency medical system. After the exercise, the emergency medicine clinicians and the local emergency medical system team led a structured debriefing session providing constructive feedback to the staff on their performance, a review of the office’s equipment, and a resource manual designed for the project. The primary outcome measures were obtained by survey 3 to 6 months postintervention and included 1) purchase of new pediatric emergency equipment and medications, 2) receipt or updating of basic life support/pediatric advanced life support/advanced life support training by staff members, and 3) development of written emergency pediatric protocols. The control practices received no interventions during the trial and completed a similar outcome survey. Results. Thirty-nine practices (20 intervention, 19 control) completed the trial. There were no significant differences in practice characteristics between the 2 groups. Intervention practices were more likely to develop written office protocols (60% vs 21%); more staff in the intervention practices received additional basic life support/pediatric advanced life support/advanced life support training 3 to 6 months after the intervention (118 vs 54). There were no significant differences in the purchase of new equipment or medications. Ninety percent of the intervention practices rated the intervention as useful for their practice, and 95% believed that the program should be continued. Conclusions. The findings suggest that the intervention was well received and motivated practices to take concrete actions to prepare for pediatric emergencies.
Preface to Workshop on Real-Time Vision for Human-Computer Interaction

This RTV4HCI Workshop is an opportunity for researchers and practitioners in the fields of computer vision, pattern recognition and HCI to present their real-time algorithms and applications, learn about what others are doing, and together identify new challenges.
Heart rate recovery after exercise: a predictor of ventricular fibrillation susceptibility after myocardial infarction.

Heart rate recovery after exercise, thought to be related to cardiac parasympathetic tone, has been shown to be a prognostic tool for all-cause mortality. However, the relationship between this var...
Effect of interleukin 13 on bronchial hyperresponsiveness and the bronchoprotective effect of β-adrenergic bronchodilators and corticosteroids

Background Fluticasone affects airway bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) and enhances bronchodilation and bronchoprotection induced by β-adrenergic agonists. Interleukin 13 (IL-13), however, induces BHR. Objective To test the hypotheses that fluticasone inhibits BHR after either allergen sensitization or IL-13 administration and that fluticasone restores the bronchodilation and bronchoprotective effects of β-agonists. Methods The BHR to methacholine induced by IL-13 or ovalbumin was determined in BALB/c mice, and the provocation concentration of methacholine that caused an increase in enhanced pause in expiration of 200% (PC 200 ) was calculated. We compared this response to methacholine in control mice with the response after treatment with IL-13 receptor α 2 -IgGFc fusion protein (IL-13Rα2) (an IL-13 blocker), fluticasone, albuterol, salmeterol, fluticasone-albuterol, and fluticasone-salmeterol. Results IL-13Rα2 (PC 200 , 17.59) completely blocks the BHR-induced effects of IL-13 (PC 200 , 7.28; P 200 , 5.90; P 200 , 3.38; P = .33), fluticasone (PC 200 , 4.59; P = .40), or fluticasone plus 50 μg/mL of salmeterol (PC 200 , 5.59; P = .11) showed no significant bronchoprotection. In nonsensitized mice, fluticasone plus 0.25 μg/mL of salmeterol (PC 200 , 25.90; P 200 , 11.08; P = .26). Fluticasone plus 0.3 mg/mL of albuterol and fluticasone plus 1 mg/mL of albuterol were significantly more protective than was fluticasone or albuterol alone in ovalbumin-sensitized mice. Conclusions The protective effects of fluticasone, β-agonists, and fluticasone plus β-agonists are significantly less in IL-13-treated mice than in nonsensitized or ovalbumin-sensitized mice.
STUDIES ON THE CIRCULATION IN MAN : XVI. A STUDY OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE COLLATERAL CIRCULATION IN THE RIGHT HAND AFTER LIGATION OF THE INNOMINATE ARTERY FOR SUBCLAVIAN ANEURYSM.

The development of the collateral circulation after ligation of the innominate and right common carotid arteries for subclavian aneurysm was studied in two cases by measuring the rate of blood flow in the hand's from time to time. In a woman, sixty-eight years old, the flow in the right hand three weeks after the operation was two-sevenths of that in the left. Nineteen weeks after the operation the flow in the right hand was more than three-fourths of that in the left, although no pulse returned until long afterwards. In a man, twenty-five years old, the flow in the right hand eleven days after the operation was between one-fourth and one-fifth of that in the left. Seventeen days after the operation the flow in the right hand was nearly one-third of the flow in the left. Twenty-four days after the operation the flow in the right hand had increased to more than one-half of the left hand flow. Thirty-one days after the operation the flow in the right hand was three-fifths of that in the left, without return, as yet, of any pulsation. Before the operation the flow in the right hand was markedly greater than in the left, notwithstanding the small size of the right radial pulse as compared with the left. The explanation of this fact is discussed.
A Mutual Self- and Informant-Report of Cognitive Complaint Correlates with Neuropathological Outcomes in Mild Cognitive Impairment.

Background This study examines whether different sources of cognitive complaint (i.e., self and informant) predict Alzheimer’s disease (AD) neuropathology in elders with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Methods Data were drawn from the National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center Uniform and Neuropathology Datasets (observational studies) for participants with a clinical diagnosis of MCI and postmortem examination (n = 1843, 74±8 years, 52% female). Cognitive complaint (0.9±0.5 years prior to autopsy) was classified into four mutually exclusive groups: no complaint, self-only, informant-only, or mutual (both self and informant) complaint. Postmortem neuropathological outcomes included amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Proportional odds regression related complaint to neuropathology, adjusting for age, sex, race, education, depressed mood, cognition, APOE4 status, and last clinical visit to death interval. Results Mutual complaint related to increased likelihood of meeting NIA/Reagan Institute (OR = 6.58, p = 0.004) and Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease criteria (OR = 5.82, p = 0.03), and increased neurofibrillary tangles (OR = 3.70, p = 0.03), neuritic plaques (OR = 3.52, p = 0.03), and diffuse plaques (OR = 4.35, p = 0.02). Informant-only and self-only complaint was not associated with any neuropathological outcome (all p-values>0.12). Conclusions In MCI, mutual cognitive complaint relates to AD pathology whereas self-only or informant-only complaint shows no relation to pathology. Findings support cognitive complaint as a marker of unhealthy brain aging and highlight the importance of obtaining informant corroboration to increase confidence of underlying pathological processes.
Tracking and intercepting spiraling ballistic missiles

Intentional or unintentional spiraling manoeuvres on the part of a tactical ballistic missile target can make it particularly difficult for a pursuing missile to hit. The paper first presents normalized miss distance curves showing how the target spiraling frequency and amplitude along with the interceptor guidance system time constant determine the miss distance for a proportional navigation guidance system. It is then shown how more advanced guidance techniques can be used to improve the system performance against spiraling targets. The advanced guidance techniques require knowledge of various target states plus the target weave frequency. Various Kalman filtering options for estimating the states required for the advanced guidance law are presented. Preliminary miss distance results are presented with each of the candidate filtering options.
Intravenous N-acetylprocainamide disposition kinetics in coronary artery disease.

N-Acetyiprocainamide (NAPA) disposition kinetics was studied in eight patients with coronary artery disease. NAPA was given over a 45-min period by intravenous infusion, and blood samples were drawn at specified times for 24 hr. NAPA plasma levels were determined by a specific high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) procedure and the concentration-time data were fit to a three-compartment model. Mean (±SD) values for the elimination half-life, the total body clearance, and the steady-state volume of distribution were 9.53 ± 3.22 hr, 1.98 ± 0.40 ml/min/kg, and 1.30 ± 0.18 l/kg. There was moderate intersubject variability in disposition. The data reported here differ from those reported for normal subjects. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (1980) 28, 52–57; doi:10.1038/clpt.1980.130
New Findings on Biological Factors Predicting Addiction Relapse Vulnerability

Relapse is a highly prevalent phenomenon in addiction. This paper examines the new research on identifying biological factors that contribute to addiction relapse risk. Prospective studies examining relapse risk are reviewed, and clinical, biological, and neural factors that predict relapse risk are identified. Clinical factors, patient-related factors, and subjective and behavioral measures such as depressive symptoms, stress, and drug craving all predict future relapse risk. Among biological measures, endocrine measures such as cortisol and cortisol/corticotropin (ACTH) ratio as a measure of adrenal sensitivity and serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor were also predictive of future relapse risk. Among neural measures, brain atrophy in the medial frontal regions and hyperreactivity of the anterior cingulate during withdrawal were identified as important in drug withdrawal and relapse risk. Caveats pertaining to specific drug abuse type and phase of addiction are discussed. Finally, significant implications of these findings for clinical practice are presented, with a specific focus on determining biological markers of relapse risk that may be used to identify those individuals who are most at risk of relapse in the clinic. Such markers may then be used to assess treatment response and develop specific treatments that will normalize these neural and biological sequelae so as to significantly improve relapse outcomes.
Learning through Publishing The Pi Sigma Alpha Undergraduate Journal of Politics

Publishing a research journal can be a rewarding and useful learning experience for undergraduate students. Drawing upon our experiences with The Pi Sigma Alpha Undergraduate Journal of Politics, we describe the benefits of producing a peer-reviewed journal. Among the benefits we highlight are gains in political science knowledge, increased understanding of research methodologies, refinement of writing and debating skills, and development of interpersonal skills. We close with a call for professors to encourage their students to submit papers to the journal.
Ultra-shallow junction formation using silicide as a diffusion source and low thermal budget

Ultra-shallow p/sup +//n and n/sup +//p junctions were fabricated using SADS (silicide-as-diffusion-source) and ITS (ion-implantation-through-silicide processing) of 45-nm CoSi/sub 2/ films (3.5 Omega / Square Operator ) using a low thermal budget. The best junctions of either type were made by moderate 10-s RTA (rapid thermal annealing) at 800 degrees C, where the total junction depth, counting the silicide thickness, is believed to be under 60 nm. Diffusion-limited current predominated down to 50 degrees C in junctions made under these conditions. The initial implantation energy had only a minor effect on the junction leakage, where shallower implants required slightly higher temperatures to form low leakage diodes, resulting in diodes which were somewhat more susceptible to shorting during silicide agglomeration at high temperatures. The ITS scheme, where dopant is implanted slightly beyond the silicide, gives an equally low leakage current. Nevertheless, the ITS scheme gives deeper junctions than the SADS process, and it is difficult to control the position of the ITS junction due to silicide/silicon interface fluctuations. >
Poor growth in an infant with cystic fibrosis due to an antenatal perforation and incomplete bowel obstruction

The infant was born at term weighing 2860 g, the first child of healthy unrelated parents. Routine antenatal scans had been normal. Delivery was via a breech presentation and clinical signs of congenital dysplastic hips (CDH) were detected on newborn examination and a referral wasmade to an orthopaedic surgeon. He passed meconium within the first 24 h and was discharged on the second day of life. At 16 days of age he was readmitted with a short history of loose stools and poor feeding. He had lost 22% of his birth weight. He was hyponatraemic with a conjugated hyperbilirubinaemia and an elevated c-reactive protein. He was treated for presumed sepsis. A week later cystic fibrosis (CF) was suggested on newborn screening results (homozygous p.Phe508del). Treatment was
Greater than the Sum of its Parts: The Combined Effect of Early Alcohol Use and Violence on Alcohol Abuse and Violence in Adulthood.

Background: Alcohol abuse and violence are key contributors to leading causes of death among youth. Yet, the relationship between violence and alcohol use is complex and the developmental impact of this association merits further investigation. The current study used prospective data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health) to investigate how violence and alcohol use coexist in adolescence and how this coexistence predicts alcohol abuse and violence in adulthood. Methods: The sample consisted of 9421 adolescents ranging from ages 11-32. The effects of alcohol use and violence on alcohol abuse and violent behavior were modeled by means of survey logistic regression. Racial/ethnic differences were tested using Chi-squared analyses. Results: Independently, alcohol and violence during adolescence were not significantly associated with violent behavior among young adults (Wave IV). Racial/ethnic differences emerged in the relationship between alcohol use and violence, and the overlap between the two in predicting alcohol abuse in adulthood. Among Whites and Blacks, violence and alcohol during adolescence were also associated with alcohol abuse among young adults (Whites: OR=2.59; Blacks: OR=4.23). Alcohol use and violence was not associated with increased alcohol abuse among Hispanics. Results indicate that coexistent alcohol use and violence pose a risk for alcohol abuse in adulthood, beyond the independent effects of alcohol and violence. Combining both alcohol and violence prevention in adolescent populations may prevent the abuse of alcohol and participation in violence in adulthood.
Bibliography of comparative and veterinary dermatology. Part 12.

The first installment of this continuing feature appeared in the Jan.-Feb. 1977 issue (p. 37), the second in March (p. 143), the third in April (p. 218), the fourth in May (p. 287), the fifth in june (p. 401), the sixth in july-August (p. 505), the seventh in September (p. 601), the eighth in October (p. 683), the ninth in November (p. 764), the tenth in December (p. 844), and the eleventh in january-February (P. 58).
GISH analysis of meiotic chromosome pairing in Solanum lycopersicoides introgression lines of cultivated tomato

Meiotic chromosome pairing was studied in introgression lines of cultivated tomato, Lycopersicon esculentum (= Solanum lycopersicum), containing 1 or 2 chromosome segments from the wild species Solanum lycopersicoides. Genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) was used to compare the relative lengths at diakinesis of the different introgressed segments and to measure the chiasmate arm frequency for the chromosome pair involved in the introgression(s). Longer segments generally produced stronger GISH signals than shorter segments. GISH signal intensity also depended on whether or not an introgressed segment encompassed the centromeric region. For example, a 29 cM segment that included the centromeric region produced a stronger GISH signal than a 42 cM segment that did not. In each line the chromosome arm containing the homeologous segment showed a reduction in chiasmate arm frequency that was most pronounced in lines with long segments. This reduction was accompanied by an increased chiasmate arm frequency on t...
Promotion and Fast Food Demand

Many believe that fast food promotion is a significant cause of the obesity epidemic in North America. Industry members argue that promotion only reallocates brand shares and does not increase overall demand. We study the effect of fast food promotion on market share and total demand by estimating a discrete / continuous model of fast food restaurant choice and food expenditure that explicitly accounts for both spatial and temporal determinants of demand. Estimates are obtained using a unique panel of Canadian fast food consumers. The results show that promotion primarily increases demand and has a smaller effect on restaurant market shares.
Leadership Styles in Multicultural Groups Americans and East Asians Working Together

The global economy has created new realities for businesses, and the need for understanding differing communication practices and cultural values is greater than ever, particularly with regard to the surging economies in the East. Working in multicultural work groups is a new workplace reality that has created a greater need to understand how to lead these groups to maximize the quality and effectiveness of multicultural group work. Cultural differences exist regarding the importance and value of leadership. Still, much remains to be understood as to the way in which culture influences leadership and organizational processes. To what extent do cultural forces influence the expectations that individuals have for leaders and their behavior, for instance? What principles of leadership and organizational processes transcend cultures? This article is primarily directed to an American audience and uses a discursive leadership approach to provide a better understanding of how different leadership styles affect g...
Reality monitoring and the media

The study of reality monitoring is concerned with the factors and processes that influence the veridicality of memories and knowledge, and the reasonableness of beliefs. In thinking about the mass media and reality monitoring, there are intriguing and challenging issues at multiple levels of analysis. At the individual level, we can ask how the media influence individuals' memories, knowledge and beliefs, and what determines whether individuals are able to identify and mitigate or benefit from the media's effects. At the institutional level, we can ask about the factors that determine the veridicality of the information presented, for example, the institutional procedures and criteria used for assessing and controlling the quality of the products produced. At the inter-institutional level we can consider the role that the media play in monitoring the products and actions of other institutions (e.g. government) and, in turn, how other institutions monitor the media. Interaction across these levels is also important, for example, how does individuals' trust in, or cynicism about, the media's institutional reality monitoring mechanisms affect how individuals process the media and, in turn, how the media engages in intra- and inter-institutional reality monitoring. The media are interesting not only as an important source of individuals' cognitions and emotions, but for the key role the media play in a critical web of social/cultural reality monitoring mechanisms. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Linkages Between Community-Focused Agriculture, Farm Sales, and Regional Growth

Community-focused agriculture has been heralded as a development strategy to induce local economic growth. This study examines county-level linkages between community-focused agriculture and growth in total agricultural sales and economic growth more broadly. Using Census of Agriculture data, regional growth models are estimated on real personal income per capita change between 2002 and 2007. We find no association between community-focused agriculture and growth in total agricultural sales at the national level, but do in some regions of the United States. A $1 increase in farm sales led to an annualized increase of $0.04 in county personal income. With few exceptions, community-focused agriculture did not make significant contributions to economic growth in the time period analyzed.
Automatic Morphological Enrichment of a Morphologically Underspecified Treebank

In this paper, we study the problem of automatic enrichment of a morphologically underspecified treebank for Arabic, a morphologically rich language. We show that we can map from a tagset of size six to one with 485 tags at an accuracy rate of 94%-95%. We can also identify the unspecified lemmas in the treebank with an accuracy over 97%. Furthermore, we demonstrate that using our automatic annotations improves the performance of a state-of-the-art Arabic morphological tagger. Our approach combines a variety of techniques from corpus-based statistical models to linguistic rules that target specific phenomena. These results suggest that the cost of treebanking can be reduced by designing underspecified treebanks that can be subsequently enriched automatically.
Automated geometrical evaluation of a plaza (town square)

Abstract This paper presents a method for an automated geometrical evaluation (AGE) intended as a design support tool for urban design of a plaza ( P ). AGE is based on three normalized properties derived from a plan of P , namely: smallness, enclosure, and regularity. 19 worldwide plazas have been evaluated by 20 respondents in, what is called here, human subjective evaluation (HSE). A brief analysis of HSE including the identification of redundant categories is presented. Two P evaluation methods based on all four ( S,C,E,R ) and selected three ( S,E,R ) properties are discussed. Good agreement of AGE based on S,E , and R (NP SER ) with HSE is shown. P quality rating (excellent, good, fair) based on NP SER is introduced. Exceptional cases are briefly discussed.
Reviews of Science for Science Librarians: Rare Earth Elements, An Overview for Librarians

Many modern technological advances are due to rare earth elements. China's restrictions on rare earth exports have drawn the attention of the media and the public to these previously seemingly anonymous elements. The abundance and location of rare earth elements is now in the global spotlight, and it is a matter of international, political, and economical concern. This article discusses both the geological and economic situation related to rare earth elements and the implications for finding and accessing scholarly research.
Instability of Poly(ethylene oxide) upon Oxidation in Lithium–Air Batteries

The instability of aprotic and polymer electrolytes in Li–air batteries limits the development of these batteries for practical use. Here, we investigate the stability of an electrolyte based on poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), which has been used extensively for polymer Li-ion batteries, during discharge and charge of Li–O2 batteries. We show that applying potentials greater than open circuit voltage (OCV, ∼3 VLi), which is typically required for Li–O2 battery charging, increases the rate of PEO auto-oxidation in an oxygenated environment, with and without prior discharge. Analysis on the rate of reaction, extent of oxidation, and the oxidation products allows us to propose that rate of spontaneous radical formation in PEO is accelerated at applied potentials greater than OCV. We also suggest that the phenomena described here will still occur in ether-based electrolytes at room temperature, albeit at a slower rate, and that this will prevent the use of such electrolytes for practical long-lived Li–air batteri...
Shock Hugoniot Equations of State for Binary Ideal (Toluene/Fluorobenzene) and Nonideal (Ethanol/Water) Liquid Mixtures

Laser shock Hugoniot data were obtained using ultrafast dynamic ellipsometry (UDE) for both nonideal (ethanol/water solutions with mole percent χethanol = 0%, 3.4%, 5.4%, 7.5%, 9.7%, 11%, 18%, 33%, 56%, 100%) and ideal liquid mixtures (toluene/fluorobenzene solutions with mole percent χtoluene = 0%, 26.0%, 49.1%, 74.9%, 100%). The shock and particle velocities obtained from the UDE data were compared to the universal liquid Hugoniot (ULH) and to literature shock (plate impact) data where available. It was found that the water UDE data fit to a ULH-form equation suggests an intercept of 1.32 km/s, lower than the literature ambient sound speed in water of 1.495 km/s (Mijakovic et al. J. Mol. Liq. 2011, 164, 66–73). Similarly, the ethanol UDE data fit to a ULH-form equation suggests an intercept of 1.45 km/s, which lies above the literature ambient sound speed in ethanol of 1.14 km/s. Both the literature plate impact and UDE Hugoniot data lie below the ULH for water. Likewise, the literature plate impact and...
Amino acids and ammonia of fetal calf serum during storage.

Summary1. Unnltered fetal calf serum undergoes no change in growth-promoting activity during storage at 5° for 3 months. Six days' storage at 37° results in a loss of activity. 2. Incubation at 37° results in a significant decrease in glutamine and significant increases in hydroxyproline, proline, glutamic acid and phenylalanine. 3. The most notable change was an increase in ammonia from 0.54 to 9.05 μmoles/ml after 21 days' incubation. Addition of ammonium chloride to the Strain L cells at concentrations equivalent to those found in the incubated fetal calf serum produced inhibition of the growth of Strain L cells.
Tonic and Synaptically Evoked Presynaptic Inhibition of Sensory Input to the Rat Olfactory Bulb Via GABABHeteroreceptors

Olfactory receptor neurons of the nasal epithelium send their axons, via the olfactory nerve (ON), to the glomeruli of the olfactory bulb (OB), where the axon terminals form glutamatergic synapses ...
Electronic properties of chemically produced silver clusters: electron trapping or hole removing?

AbstractRecent research by several groups has identified two types of chemically produced silver cluster. All agree that one type has the ability to capture and remove photogenerated holes. The other silver cluster category purportedly traps electrons, but its sensitometric role is controversial. An attempt is made to reconcile the different viewpoints on these silver clusters by considering the various experiments in the light of a general understanding of photoproduced silver clusters. If some of the chemically produced silver clusters trap electrons, they are not P centres as normally defined. They may be shallow electron traps with no apparent sensitometric value. Alternatively, they may be very inefficient hole-removing centres.
Development of Poly Unsaturated Fatty Acid Derivatives of Aspirin for Inhibition of Platelet Function

The inhibition of platelet aggregation is key to preventing conditions such as myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke. Aspirin is the most widely used drug to inhibit platelet aggregation. Aspirin absorption can be improved further to increase its permeability across biologic membranes via esterification or converting the carboxylic acid to an anhydride. There are several reports indicating that ω-3 and ω-6 fatty acids such as linoleic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) separately inhibit platelet aggregation. Herein, we synthesize anhydride conjugates of aspirin with linoleic acid, EPA, and DHA to form aspirin anhydrides that are expected to have higher permeability across cellular membranes. These aspirin-fatty acid anhydrides inhibited platelet aggregation in washed human platelets and platelet-rich plasma in a dose-dependent manner. In particular, the aspirin-DHA anhydride displayed similar effectiveness to aspirin. Platelet aggregation studies conducted in the presence of various platelet agonists indicated that the aspirin-lipid conjugates act through inhibition of the cyclooxygenase (COX)-thromboxane synthase (TXAS) pathway. Hence, we performed detailed biochemical studies using purified COX-1 as well as TXAS stabilized in nanoscale lipid bilayers of nanodiscs to confirm results from the platelet aggregation studies. We show that although all of the aspirin conjugates act through the COX-TXAS pathway by inhibiting COX-1, the parent fatty acids do not act via this pathway. Finally, we studied the hydrolysis of these compounds in buffer and human plasma, and we demonstrate that all of the aspirin-fatty acid conjugates hydrolyze to the parent molecules aspirin and fatty acid in a controlled manner.
Decision guidance framework to support operations and analysis of a hybrid renewable energy system

In this paper we develop a framework to support the introduction of renewable energy generation and carbon emission constraints into a defined electric power network, and the key operational decisions regarding its configuration. We describe and model the major components of a hybrid renewable energy system (HRES), including renewable energy sources (solar and wind), fossil fuel generators, transmission/distribution, power storage, energy markets, and end-customer demand. Our methodology involves a conceptual diagram notation for power network topology, combined with a formal mathematical model that describes the HRES optimization framework. We introduce environmental goals as constraints to the model, based on emissions restrictions dictated by a policy-maker extraneous to the model. We then proceed to implement the HRES optimization problem solution through a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model by leveraging IBM Optimization Programming Language (OPL) CPLEX Studio. Lastly, we develop a proof-o...