cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Long-Term Outcomes of Newly Diagnosed Resected Atypical Meningiomas and the Role of Adjuvant Radiotherapy

Objective The role of adjuvant radiotherapy (ART) in patients with World Health Organization Grade II atypical meningiomas (AMs) remains controversial. Methods We retrospectively reviewed 149 patients with newly diagnosed resected AMs from 2000 to 2012. Gross total resection (GTR) was defined as Simpson Grades I–III and subtotal resection (STR) as Grades IV and V. Kaplan-Meier analyses of local control (LC), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival were performed with the log-rank test, and risk factors for progression/recurrence (P/R) were analyzed with multivariate Cox regression. Results Median follow-up was 74.2 months. GTR was achieved in 98 patients and STR in 51 patients. Fifty-three (35%) patients received ART. Overall, 46 patients (31%) experienced P/R with a median time to P/R of 32.4 months. ART was associated with a trend toward improved PFS (P = 0.0669) in the GTR subset but significantly improved LC (P = 0.0183) and PFS (P = 0.0034) in the STR subset. Age, tumor size, and STR were significant risk factors for worse PFS, whereas receiving ART was associated with improved PFS on multivariate analyses. Thirty-nine of the 46 progressive/recurrent patients underwent salvage therapy with only 22 patients experiencing long-term control. Five patients experienced transformation to World Health Organization Grade III malignant meningioma. Conclusions Patients who undergo STR for newly diagnosed AM should receive ART based on improvements in LC and PFS. GTR patients should be considered for ART, but active surveillance is a reasonable management approach with the recognition that progressive/recurrent disease can act aggressively. Prospective, randomized trials are currently underway to evaluate the role of ART.
Notes on Syncephalis (Zoopgales, Zoopagomycota) from the Farlow Herbarium, with the description of a new species, Syncephalis aethiopica.

The Harvard mycologist Roland Thaxter collected and studied a wide variety of fungi. Although he described >1000 fungal species, he was unable to describe all the specimens he collected before his ...
Ultra-Thin Conductive Graphitic Carbon Nitride Assembly through van der Waals Epitaxy toward High-Energy-Density Flexible Supercapacitors

Graphitic carbon nitride is an ordered two-dimensional stability. However, its bulk structure with low electrical conductivity (less than 1 S cm–1) restricts the applications in electrochemical ene...
DEPREDACIÓN DEL “CAMALEÓN” DE COLA PLANA (Phrynosoma mcallii) POR EL VERDUGO AMERICANO (Lanius ludovicianus)

In this note, we describe the case of a site occupied as a food storage, where the Loggerhead Shrike (Lanius ludovicianus) impales or wedges its prey the Flat-tailed Horned Lizard (Phrynosoma mcallii) in Alto Golfo de California region, San Luis Rio Colorado, Sonora, Mexico.
Acute Ataxia in Children.

1. Philip Overby, MD, MA*,† 2. Matthew Kapklein, MD† 3. Ronald I. Jacobson, MD*,† 1. *Department of Neurology and 2. †Department of Pediatrics, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY * Abbreviations: ACA: : acute cerebellar ataxia ADEM: : acute disseminated encephalomyelitis CSF: : cerebrospinal fluid CT: : computed tomographic GBS: : Guillain-Barre syndrome ICH: : intracerebral hemorrhage ICP: : intracranial pressure IV: : intravenous IVIg: : intravenous immunoglobulin MRI: : magnetic resonance imaging NMDA: : N -methyl-d-aspartate OMS: : opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome TM: : transverse myelitis tPA: : tissue plasminogen activator WBC: : white blood cell The word ataxia in medicine frequently is used to signify not only difficulty walking but also difficulty walking specifically due to cerebellar dysfunction. However, although gait and cerebellar disorders can overlap, they are not synonymous. The purpose of this review is to illustrate how children with difficulty walking present, which includes, but is not limited to, patients with cerebellar disorders. In addition, the goal is to illustrate both the more common and the more urgent causes of acute ataxia in children. After completing this article, readers should be able to: 1. Recognize the most common and the most urgent causes of acute ataxia in children. 2. Recognize that ataxia is a nonlocalizing complaint, frequently misinterpreted as being localized entirely to the cerebellum. 3. Take the first steps in the evaluation and management of acute ataxia. Acute ataxia is fairly common in children. The most common cause, acute cerebellar ataxia (ACA), is estimated to occur in 1 in 100,000 children. (5) The causes of acute ataxia in children are typically benign but at times can represent serious illness. The comprehensive range of potential causes is broad, but typical causes are few and have changed in the post–varicella vaccine era. Ataxia is also frequently thought to represent cerebellar disease but can, in fact, be due to dysfunction of any part of the nervous system or occasionally nonneurologic mechanisms. This paper reviews the common causes of acute ataxia in children, as well as less common causes that should not be missed. It attempts to aid the reader in approaching the neurologic examination, as well as the first steps in the management of the ataxic child. …
The Landscape of Rights and Licensing Initiatives for Data Sharing

Over the last twenty years, a wide variety of resources have been developed to address the rights and licensing problems inherent with contemporary data sharing practices. The landscape of developments is this area is increasingly confusing and difficult to navigate, due to the complexity of intellectual property and ethics issues associated with sharing sensitive data. This paper seeks to address this challenge, examining the landscape and presenting a Version 1.0 directory of resources. A multi-method study was pursued, with an environmental scan examining 20 resources, resulting in three high-level categories: standards, tools, and community initiatives; and a content analysis revealing the subcategories of rights, licensing, metadata & ontologies. A timeline confirms a shift in licensing standardization priorities from open data to more nuanced and technologically robust solutions, over time, to accommodate for more sensitive data types. This paper reports on the research undertaking, and comments on the potential for using license-specific metadata supplements and developing data-centric rights and licensing ontologies.
“The revolution begins at home:” exploring educational aspirations between Latino male collegians and their families through a reciprocity of relationships

This article takes an assets-based approach to study the educational aspirations of Latino males and their families, including extended family. While research has underscored the influence that Lat...
Role of Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Pulmonary Carcinoids: An NCDB Analysis.

Background/aim Typical carcinoids (TC) and atypical carcinoids (AC) are rare diseases. A paucity of randomized studies and disagreements among various guidelines makes the management challenging. Patients and methods Using codes for TC (8240) and AC (8249) in the National Cancer Database (NCDB), all surgically resected cases from 2004-2014 were included to evaluate the need for adjuvant chemotherapy. Results A total of 6,673 cases were included, 88% were TCs and 12% were ACs. From 2004 to 2014, the proportion of TCs went up from 1.3% to 1.8% and ACs from 0.1% to 0.3% of all lung malignancies. TC patients did well with surgery alone in all stages. AC patients with stage I [5-year overall survival (OS) - 84% vs. 52%; S vs. S+CT] and stage II disease (5-year OS - 81% vs. 55%; S vs. S+CT) showed better OS trend with surgery alone, while stage III patients showed some benefit with the use of adjuvant chemotherapy (5-year OS - 46% vs. 54%; S vs. S+CT). These results supported the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines. Conclusion No benefit was seen from adjuvant chemotherapy in TCs. While the adjuvant therapy may add benefit in stage III AC, the numbers are small and did not reach statistical significance.
Energy Management of Fuel Cell/Battery and Ultra-capacitor Hybrid Energy Storage System for Electric Vehicle

The control strategy of Fuel cell (FC), battery and Ultra-Capacitor (UC) modules in Electric Vehicle (EV) and Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) have been studied in proposed 4-Quadrant (4Q) Switch Capacitor (SC) Luo DC/DC bidirectional converter. In addition, FC strategy is one of most popular and favorite Energy Storage System (ESS) in EV for its high efficiency and capability to use hydrogen as the fuel. FCs in conjunction with UC modules can create high power with fast dynamic response, which makes it well suitable for automotive applications. Also, FC include of high energy density and its weight between eight to 14 time less than Lithium-Ion battery (LI-ion) and FC stack can extend the battery life in EV and HEV. This paper presents a proposed Novel topologies and intelligent balancing strategies for EV and HEV Energy Storage System (ESS) applications.
Evaluating nursing faculty’s approach to information literacy instruction: a multi-institutional study

Objective: In 2018, the Association of College & Research Libraries (ACRL) Health Sciences Interest Group convened a working group to update the 2013 Information Literacy Competency Standards for Nursing to be a companion document to the 2016 Framework for Information Literacy in Higher Education. To create this companion document, the working group first needed to understand how nursing faculty approached information literacy (IL) instruction. Methods: The working group designed a survey that assessed how nursing faculty utilized IL principles in coursework and instruction. The survey consisted of nineteen mixed methods questions and was distributed to nursing faculty at eight institutions across the United States. Results: Most (79%) faculty indicated that they use a variety of methods to teach IL principles in their courses. While only 12% of faculty incorporated a version of the ACRL IL competencies in course design, they were much more likely to integrate nursing educational association standards. Faculty perceptions of the relevance of IL skills increased as the education level being taught increased. Conclusion: The integration of IL instruction into nursing education has mostly been achieved through using standards from nursing educational associations. Understanding these standards and understanding how faculty perceptions of the relevance of IL skills change with educational levels will guide the development of a companion document that librarians can use to collaborate with nurse educators to integrate IL instruction throughout nursing curriculums at course and program levels.
The influences of carbon donor ligands on biomimetic multi-iron complexes for N2 reduction

The active site clusters of nitrogenase enzymes possess the only examples of carbides in biology. These are the only biological FeS clusters that are capable of reducing N2 to NH4+, implicating the central carbon and its interaction with Fe as important in the mechanism of N2 reduction. This biological question motivates study of the influence of carbon donors on the electronic structure and reactivity of unsaturated, high-spin iron centers. Here, we present functional and structural models that test the impacts of carbon donors and sulfide donors in simpler iron compounds. We report the first example of a diiron complex that is bridged by an alkylidene and a sulfide, which serves as a high-fidelity structural and spectroscopic model of a two-iron portion of the active-site cluster (FeMoco) in the resting state of Mo-nitrogenase. The model complexes have antiferromagnetically coupled pairs of high-spin iron centers, and sulfur K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy shows comparable covalency of the sulfide for C and S bridged species. The sulfur-bridged compound does not interact with N2 even upon reduction, but upon removal of the sulfide it becomes capable of reducing N2 to NH4+ with the addition of protons and electrons. This provides synthetic support for sulfide extrusion in the activation of nitrogenase cofactors.
The Efficacy of a Brief Educational Training Session in Point-of-Care Pediatric Hip Ultrasound.

BACKGROUND Pediatric limp is a common presenting complaint to emergency departments. Despite this, diagnosis can be difficult in young patients with no history of trauma. Ultrasound can be used to identify a hip effusion, which may be the etiology of limp in pediatric patients. Brief educational training sessions have successfully been used to introduce novice ultrasound users to point-of-care (POC) ultrasound; however, the education of POC hip ultrasound is underexplored, and the efficacy of educational training sessions in this domain remains unknown. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of using a brief educational training session to teach novice ultrasound users to identify hip anatomy and effusions. METHODS Medical and physician assistant students were enrolled during an ultrasound education conference. A pretest evaluated prior knowledge, experience, and confidence level regarding POC hip ultrasound. Students attended a brief didactic session and then completed an objective structured assessment of technical skill as well as a posttest. RESULTS Twenty-eight students naive to hip ultrasound participated in this study. Levels of training included medical and physician assistant students. Mean test scores increased from the pretest (4.8 of 9, SD = 1.6) to the posttest (7.9 of 9, SD = 0.72) (P < 0.001). Average objective structured assessment of technical skill was 4.6 of 5 (SD, 0.75; 95% confidence interval, 4.3-4.9). After the sessions, confidence levels in identifying landmarks, joint space, and a joint effusion significantly increased (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Pediatric hip ultrasound knowledge, performance, skills, and confidence improved as demonstrated by novice ultrasound users after a brief educational training session. Our study shows that a brief, targeted educational intervention was a feasible and effective method of introducing pediatric POC hip ultrasound to novices.
Earth to Halo Transfers Using a Constrained Insertion Mode

Several types of transfer trajectories from a low arbitrarily oriented circular orbit to a typical Ll-centered Class I northerly halo orbit are generated in order to determine the minimal insertion ΔV for each entry point along the halo orbit. These trajectories are of relatively short duration and do not involve more than a single distant encounter with the Earth. Two components of the velocity change at a given halo point are searched on to determine the transfer path backwards to a selected perigee altitude at LEO, by numerically integrating the regularized system of differential equations of the restricted circular three-body model in rotating coordinates centered at the Sun-Earth Ll Lagrange libration point. The range of values of the argument of perigee for each type of feasible backwards-generated transfer trajectory is thus determined for a discrete set of locations covering the entire halo orbit, in order to select the lower ΔV branch, and thereby the minimum ΔV at insertion and its associated perigee location of the departure hyperbola at LEO. The overall constrained minimum insertion ΔV is thus determined, being itself invariant with respect to the arbitrarily chosen orbital position of the Earth along the ecliptic.
Day of Illness and Outcomes in Bronchiolitis Hospitalizations.

BACKGROUND: Bronchiolitis is often described to follow an expected clinical trajectory, with a peak in severity between days 3 and 5. This predicted trajectory may influence anticipatory guidance and clinical decision-making. We aimed to determine the association between day of illness at admission and outcomes, including hospital length of stay, receipt of positive-pressure ventilation, and total cough duration. METHODS: We compiled data from 2 multicenter prospective studies involving bronchiolitis hospitalizations in patients RESULTS: The median (interquartile range) day of illness at admission for 746 patients was 4 (2–5) days. Day of illness at admission was not associated with length of stay (coefficient 0.01 days, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.05 to 0.08 days), positive-pressure ventilation (adjusted odds ratio: 1.0, 95% CI: 0.9 to 1.1), or total cough duration (coefficient 0.33 days, 95% CI: −0.01 to 0.67 days). Additionally, there was no significant difference in day of illness at discharge in readmitted versus nonreadmitted patients (5.9 vs 6.4 days, P = .54). The median cough duration postdischarge was 6 days, with 65 (14.3%) patients experiencing cough for 14+ days. CONCLUSIONS: We found no associations between day of illness at admission and outcomes in bronchiolitis hospitalizations. Practitioners should exercise caution when making clinical decisions or providing anticipatory guidance based on symptom duration.
An ‘edgy’ new look

Network neuroscientists envision the brain as a network of nodes (regions) linked via edges (connections). A long-held assumption is that node-centric interactions are the primary phenomena of interest. Faskowitz et al. introduce a novel edge-centric framework with the potential to usher in a new era of discovery in connectomics research.
Playing with power: Kink, race, and desire:

Although the separation between “real life” and “play” appears to reinscribe liberal notions of autonomy, BDSM practitioners actually mobilize this boundary to trouble liberal understandings of the...
Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy: An ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Mimic

Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TC), a rare syndrome often preceded by an emotional or physical trigger, which earned the nickname broken heart syndrome, was first diagnosed in 1990. Takotsubo cardiomyopathy can mimic an ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Originally, TC was thought to be self-limiting and benign. However, there is a 4%-5% mortality rate, which is associated with serious complications. The majority of people diagnosed with TC are postmenopausal women, but it can affect all ages. Patients will often present to the emergency department with chest pain and dyspnea. An electrocardiogram (ECG) often demonstrates ST elevation. There is no definitive way to differentiate between TC and STEMI on an ECG. Therefore, all patients need to have emergent coronary angiography with left ventriculography.
Advancement of SiC High-frequency Power Conversion Systems for Medium-Voltage High-Power Applications

High voltage (HV) silicon-carbide (SiC) MOSFET has multiple advantages over its silicon (Si) counterpart including lower losses, higher blocking voltage, and improved thermal performance. SiC-based high-frequency power conversion solutions start to penetrate into medium voltage (MV) high-power areas due to high-density and high-efficiency. However, faster SiC switching transitions in MV lead to electromagnetic emissions, insulation degradation, and system-integration challenges. This paper provides several examples of using SiC high-frequency power conversion solutions in medium-voltage high power areas to illustrate the challenges and recent advancements. SiC device in series for MV two-level converters, HV PD-free PCB bus structure, SiC solid-state transformers, and MV insulated auxiliary power supply system are discussed.
Subglottic Post-Extubation Upper Airway Obstruction Is Associated With Long-Term Airway Morbidity in Children.

Objectives Post-extubation upper airway obstruction is the most common cause of extubation failure in children, but there are few data regarding long-term morbidity. We aim to describe the frequency of long-term airway sequelae in intubated children and determine the association with post-extubation upper airway obstruction. Design Retrospective, post hoc analysis of previously identified prospective cohort of children in the pediatric/cardiothoracic ICU at Children's Hospital Los Angeles from July 2012 to April 2015. A single provider blinded to the upper airway obstruction classification reviewed the electronic medical records of all patients in the parent study, before and after the index extubation (extubation during parent study), to identify pre-index and post-index upper airway disease. Primary outcomes were prevalence of newly diagnosed airway anomalies following index extubation. Setting Single center, tertiary, 391-bed children's hospital. Patients From the parent study, 327 children younger than 18 years (intubated for at least 12 hr) were included if they received subsequent care (regardless of specialty) after the index extubation. Interventions None. Measurements and main results New airway anomalies were identified in 40 of 327 children (12.2%). Patients labeled with subglottic upper airway obstruction at the index extubation were more likely to be diagnosed with new airway anomalies on subsequent follow-up, receive long-term Otolaryngology follow-up, or receive airway surgery (all p ≤ 0.006). In multivariable modeling, upper airway obstruction as the primary reason for initial intubation (odds ratio, 3.71; CI, 1.50-9.19), reintubation during the index ICU admission (odds ratio, 4.44; CI, 1.67-11.80), pre-index airway anomaly (odds ratio, 3.31; CI, 1.36-8.01), and post-extubation subglottic upper airway obstruction (odds ratio, 3.50; CI, 1.46-8.34) remained independently associated with the diagnosis of new airway anomalies. Conclusions Post-extubation subglottic upper airway obstruction is associated with a three-fold greater odds of long-term airway morbidity. These patients may represent an at-risk population that should be monitored closely after leaving the ICU.
Challenges and opportunities for nitrogen reduction to ammonia on transitional metal nitrides via Mars-van Krevelen mechanism

Summary Ammonia (NH3) has a myriad of applications ranging from fertilizers to value-added chemicals and fuels. More energy-efficient and environmentally friendly approaches are needed to carry out the reduction of nitrogen (N2) to NH3, and, in principle, this can be done through electrochemical N2 reduction reaction (NRR). Limited progress has been made in NRR because of the sluggish reaction kinetics and the low selectivity of N2 toward NH3. Among the various catalysts explored, transition metal nitrides (TMNs) stand out because of their favorable Mars-van Krevelen mechanism. In this perspective, we review the critical work in the field, highlighting the main limitations to be surmounted (i.e., kinetic and transport limitations, optimization criteria, and long-term stability) and the different materials and methods (i.e., catalyst surface engineering, active site modification, and mechanistic studies) that have been proposed to overcome these limitations. Finally, opportunities for future scientific breakthroughs in the field are highlighted and discussed.
Von Richthofen, Einstein and the AGA

Every schoolboy has heard of Einstein; fewer have heard of Antoine Becquerel; almost nobody has heard of Nils Dalen. Yet they all won Nobel Prizes for Physics. Can we gauge a scientist's achievements by his or her fame? If so, how? And how do fighter pilots help? Mikhail Simkin and Vwani Roychowdhury look for the linkages.
Pose and gaze estimation in multi-camera networks for non-restrictive HCI

Multi-camera networks offer potentials for a variety of novel human-centric applications through provisioning of rich visual information. In this paper, face orientation analysis and posture analysis are combined as components of a human-centered interface systemthat allows the user's intentions and region of interest to be estimated without requiring carried or wearable sensors. In pose estimation, image observations at the cameras are first locally reduced to parametrical descriptions, and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is then used for optimization of the kinematics chain of the 3D human model. In face analysis, a discrete-time linear dynamical system (LDS), based on kinematics of the head, combines the local estimates of the user's gaze angle produced by the cameras and employs spatiotemporal filters to correct any inconsistencies. Knowing the intention and the region of interest of the user facilitates further interpretation of human behavior, which is the key to non-restrictive and intuitive human-centered interfaces. Applications in assisted living, speaker tracking, and gaming can benefit from such unobtrusive interfaces.
Kinetics of liquid/liquid capillary rise

Abstract The hydrodynamics of capillary rise are analyzed for the case of prewet capillaries, where a macroscopic film of the advancing liquid coats the wall. The analysis is directed entirely to the wall region, where the rising meniscus meets the preexisting stationary film. Lubrication theory is used to predict the velocity field for upward converging flow into the film, from which the meniscus shape near the wall and the viscous drag on the wall can be calculated. Comparisons are made with dynamic contact angles and excess forces presented in Part I (Mumley, T. E., Radke C. J., and Williams, M. C., J. Colloid Interface Sci. 109, 398, 1986). The proposed theory agrees qualitatively with the data in all important features, but some quantitative discrepancies are found. Reasons for these are discussed, the most important being the nature of intermittent flow (pseudo-slip-stick) observed with movie film. An approximate analysis of energy dissipation in intermittent flow provides rough agreement between data and predictions of drag force in the film. The hydrodynamics of this phenomenon in prewet capillaries, where questions of slip at a three-phase contact line do not arise, must ultimately be understood before substantial progress can be made in other situations.
Imagining Consumers: Print Culture and Muslim Advertising in Early Twentieth Century China

After the People's Republic of China was established in 1949, some of China's Muslim peoples, previously known by the term “Hui” — were officially recognized as members of a “Muslim Nationality,” the “Huizu.” “Huizu” identity became technically inheritable from parent to child, and was thus politically separated from a notion of Islamic belief or religious practice. This short study looks to advertisements in Muslim newspapers and journals as a source of information for this critical period of transformation both for China and the wider Muslim world. Of particular note are the changes in the term qingzhen, a term which was applied to a wide variety of facets of Islamic life in traditional China but which came to take a much narrower meaning during this period. I propose that the advertisements in Republican-era Muslim periodicals, which were published in every corner of the Chinese cultural area, had to adopt a common language reflecting changes in linguistic regimes within China's minority Muslim communities that later shaped state policies.
Long-term effects of repeated exposure to media violence in childhood.

About a quarter of a century ago, a young American radical, Stokely Carmichael, commented that violence was as American as apple pie! At least in terms of prevalence, nothing much seems to have changed since that time. The frequency of violence directed by one human being at another was appallingly high then and is appallingly high now. The United States is not the most violent society in the world. That distinction belongs to some of the less developed countries ravaged by wars, terrorism, drug battles, and general lawlessness. Nor is violence as endemic now as it has been during many of the last 20 centuries. Among the highly developed Western societies, however, the United States has scored at the top for the past several decades on most objective measures of interpersonal violence. For example, homicides in the United States rose from an overall rate of about 5 per 100,000 to 10 per 100,000 between World War II and the 1980s and have remained at about that level. Of course, the rate in some inner-city ghettos may be 10 times this rate (100/100,000) and the rate for certain age cohorts may be 3 times this rate (e.g., 30/100,000 for males 18 to 24). In comparison, no other highly developed Western society has a rate much above 3 per 100,000 and most are below 1 per 100,000. Rates at these levels are cause enough for concern and also reflect increases since World War II, but the sustained rates in the United States are a national tragedy. In some urban areas of the United States the most common cause of death for young males is now homicide.
Quantitative analysis of [11C]-erlotinib PET demonstrates specific binding for activating mutations of the EGFR kinase domain.

Activating mutations of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) occur in multiple tumor types, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and malignant glioma, and have become targets for therapeutic intervention. The determination of EGFR mutation status using a noninvasive, molecular imaging approach has the potential for clinical utility. In this study, we investigated [11C]-erlotinib positron emission tomography (PET) imaging as a tool to identify activating mutations of EGFR in both glioma and NSCLC xenografts. Radiotracer specific binding was determined for high and low specific activity (SA) [11C]-erlotinib PET scans in mice bearing synchronous human cancer xenografts with different EGFR expression profiles (PC9, HCC827, U87, U87 ΔEGFR, and SW620). Although xenograft immunohistochemistry demonstrated constitutive EGFR phosphorylation, PET scan analysis using the Simplified Reference Tissue Model showed that only kinase domain mutant NSCLC (HCC827 and PC9) had significantly greater binding potentials in high versus low SA scans. Xenografts with undetectable EGFR expression (SW620), possessing wild-type EGFR (U87), and expressing an activating extracellular domain mutation (U87 ΔEGFR) were indistinguishable under both high and low SA scan conditions. The results suggest that [11C]-erlotinib is a promising radiotracer that could provide a novel clinical methodology for assessing EGFR and erlotinib interactions in patients with tumors that harbor EGFR-activating kinase domain mutations.
Promoting cultural proficiency in researchers to enhance the recruitment and participation of minority populations in research: Development and refinement of survey instruments

Abstract A community assessment instrument (CAI), to assess community attitudes and beliefs about research and services of the local medical establishment, and a cultural competency instrument (CCI), to assess the cultural knowledge and competence of clinical investigators, were developed to address the need for culturally competent researchers by the minority community that the Omaha health care system (especially Creighton University) serves. The instruments also investigated the minority community's knowledge of medical research and benefits. The CAI and CCI questionnaires were administered by trained interviewers to members of ethnically and racially diverse groups in Omaha and to a group of researchers and clinicians at Creighton University. Respondents identified questions that were difficult, not clear and/or controversial. Modifications to the CAI and CCI were made for use in subsequent focus group studies. This publication reports a pilot study intended to develop and refine the instruments.
Laboratory investigation of asphalt concrete dynamic modulus testing on the criteria of meeting linear viscoelastic requirements

In this study, asphalt concrete (AC) dynamic modulus testing is evaluated for meeting linear viscoelasticity (LVE) requirements. The evaluation is performed by performing stress sweep dynamic modulus testing at selected test frequencies. Three well-known linearity principles, namely superposition principle, proportionality principle and 5% stiffness reduction principle, are implemented to classify the AC response as a LVE. Analysis of the stress sweep dynamic modulus test results using these principles consistently showed that the stress and strain linearity limits for the studied mix are 155, 414, 506, 772, 470 and 462 kPa and 55, 69, 84, 99, 36 and 50 micro-strain each for loading frequency of 0.1, 0.5, 1, 5, 10 and 25 Hz, respectively. The current dynamic modulus testing standard, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) TP-62, recommends maintaining test strains and stresses below 150 micro-strain and 700 kPa to make sure AC dynamic modulus testing is preformed withi...
Renal cadmium deposition and injury as a result of accumulation of cadmium-metallothionein (CdMT) by the proximal convoluted tubules—A light microscopic autoradiography study with 109CdMT

Chronic, but not acute, exposure to inorganic Cd produces renal damage. However, a single injection of cadmium bound to metallothionein (CdMT) produces renal injury. It is hypothesized that an interorgan redistribution of Cd as CdMT is responsible for the chronic nephrotoxic effect of Cd. To better understand the mechanism(s) of CdMT-induced nephrotoxicity, the intrarenal distribution of 109CdMT was examined. 109CdMT isolated from rat liver was injected into mice at a nonnephrotoxic dose (0.1 mg Cd/kg, iv). The radioactivity in the kidney reached a maximum level (85% of the dose) as early as 30 min following administration and remained essentially constant for up to 7 days after injection. Within the kidney, 109Cd distributed almost entirely to the cortex. Light microscopic autoradiography of the kidney showed that, within the cortex, 109Cd distributed preferentially to the S1 and S2 segments of the proximal convoluted tubules. Within the S1 and S2 segments, the concentration of 109Cd in the basal and apical parts of the cells was similar to that after the nonnephrotoxic dose of CdMT, but after a nephrotoxic dose (0.3 mg Cd/kg) the radioactivity distributed preferentially to the apical portion of the cells. In contrast, light microscopic autoradiography studies with 109CdCl2 revealed that 109Cd was more evenly distributed throughout the proximal tubules. Moreover, after administration of a large dose of inorganic Cd (3 mg Cd/kg), a similar concentration of Cd was found in the convoluted and straight proximal tubules. These data support the hypothesis that CdMT-induced nephrotoxicity might be due, at least in part, to its preferential uptake of CdMT into the S1 and S2 segments of the proximal tubules, the site of Cd-induced nephrotoxicity.
Solution-limited time stepping to enhance reliability in CFD applications

A method for enhancing the reliability of implicit computational algorithms and decreasing their sensitivity to initial conditions without adversely impacting their efficiency is investigated. Efficient convergence is maintained by specifying a large global Courant (CFL) number while reliability is improved by limiting the local CFL number such that the solution change in any cell is less than a specified tolerance. The method requires control over two key issues: obtaining a reliable estimate of the magnitude of the solution change and defining a realistic limit for its allowable variation. The magnitude of the solution change is estimated from the calculated residual in a manner that requires negligible computational time. An upper limit on the local solution change is attained by a proper non-dimensionalization of variables in different flow regimes within a single problem or across different problems. The method precludes unphysical excursions in Newton-like iterations in highly non-linear regions where Jacobians are changing rapidly as well as non-physical results such as negative densities, temperatures or species mass fractions during the computation. The method is tested against a series of problems all starting from quiescent initial conditions to identify its characteristics and to verify the approach. The results reveal a substantial improvement in convergence reliability of implicit CFD applications that enables computations starting from simple initial conditions without user intervention.
Isolation of auxotrophs and analysis of regulation of tryptophan biosynthesis in Zymomonas mobilis

Tryptophan auxotrophs were isolated and used to analyze the regulation of tryptophan biosynthesis in Zymomonas mobilis. Twelve tryptophan auxotrophs were cassified as trp E, B or A based on accumulation of, or growth on, indole and anthranilic acid. Trp B mutants were found to accumulate indole when grown on limiting, but not on excess tryptophan, suggesting that tryptophan plays a role in regulating its biosynthesis. Tryptophan synthase and indoleglycerol phosphate synthase specific activities were measured in the wild-type strain and two trp mutants grown in limiting or excess tryptophan. Neither activity was repressed by exogenous tryptophan.
Separation Analysis of Breast Cancer Progression Lines Using Contactless Dielectrophoresis

Selective separation and isolation of microparticles or cells based on their biophysical properties has become an essential step in laboratory use [1]. Techniques include field flow fractionation [2], fluorescent and magnetic activated cell sorting [3], laser tweezers [4] and dielectrophoresis [5]. The latter technique uses a particle’s intrinsic properties to its advantage without altering the original structure or disrupting the viability of the cell which is highly attractive for cancer research.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Therapists Perspectives on the Effective Elements of Consultation Following Training

Consultation is an effective implementation strategy to improve uptake of evidence-based practices for youth. However, little is known about what makes consultation effective. The present study used qualitative methods to explore therapists perspectives about consultation. We interviewed 50 therapists who had been trained 2 years prior in cognitive-behavioral therapy for child anxiety. Three themes emerged regarding effective elements of consultation: (1) connectedness with other therapists and the consultant, (2) authentic interactions around actual cases, and (3) the responsiveness of the consultant to the needs of individual therapists. Recommendations for the design of future consultation endeavors are offered.
Risk of bilateral idiopathic preretinal macular fibrosis

To ascertain the risk of the development of bilateral idiopathic preretinal macular fibrosis, we retrospectively studied 380 consecutive patients with idiopathic preretinal macular fibrosis. Eighty (21%) patients had bilateral involvement. Sixteen (39%) of 41 patients with diabetes, 40 (28%) of 144 with hypertension, and 12 of 21 (57%) with bilateral high myopia had bilateral involvement. The prevalence of bilateral involvement was significantly higher in patients with these three pathologies than in patients without these conditions (p < 0.01, p < 0.02 and p < 0.01, respectively). In patients with diabetes or hypertension, no significant difference was found in the prevalence of posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) between involved or uninvolved eyes. Diabetes, hypertension even without retinopathy, and high myopia may be risk factors for bilateral involvement of idiopathic preretinal macular fibrosis. Factors other than PVD may be involved in the development of idiopathic preretinal macular fibrosis in patients with diabetes or hypertension.
Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging of the vitreous body

Imaging with proton nuclear magnetic resonance is a valuable new tool for studying the vitreous body of the eye. It is particularly suited for the detection of vitreal liquefaction and intraocular hemorrhage because of the dependence of the signal on the physical environment of water. Conversely, the vitreous body provides a new model for studying changes in proton relaxation times of protein solutions in biological systems.
Computer Environments for Learning Geometry

Given their graphic capabilities, computers may facilitate the construction of geometric concepts. Comparative media research, however, reveals few differences between media; alterations in curricula or teaching strategies might also explain the positive results of many studies that compare computer to noncomputer media. Yet, there remain certain computer functions that non-computer media may not easily duplicate. This article reviews research to describe such functions of construction-oriented environments and to evaluate their unique contributions to students' learning of geometry. Implications for the design of geometric computer environments for geometry education are drawn.
A non-local flow for Riemann surfaces

A non-local flow is defined for compact Riemann surfaces. Assuming the initial metric has positive Gauss curvature and is not conformal to the round sphere, the flow exists on some maximal time interval, and converges along a subsequence to a metric which admits a conformal Killing vector field. By a result of Tashiro (Trans Am Math Soc 117:251–275, 1965), the limiting metric must be conformal to the round sphere.
Dyes for the Hydrophobic Fibers1

The commercialization of the hydrophohic fibers has necessitated the development of entirely new classes of dyes. This job has been accomplished successfully by the careful tailoring of dye molecules to the chemical and physical requirements of the different fibers.All of the hydrophobic fibers designed for apparel use can be dyed with disperse dyes. Polyamide and acrylic fibers can be dyed with acid dyes. Selected acrylic fibers can be dyed also with basic dyes. The dyeing of hydrophobic fibers with disperse dyes in volves solution of the dye in the fiber : electrostatic interactions are involved in the dyeing of these fibers with ionic dyes. The rate of dyeing with both the disperse and the ionic dyes is largely a function of the specific fiber and the molecular size and geometry of the dye molecules. The polarity of a disperse dye plays a major role in determining the affinity of the dye for a specific fiber.Resistance of both the disperse and the ionic dyes to removal from the fiber by aqueous treatme...
Optical Imaging Instrumentation with Spatially Engineered Polarization

Latest developments of spatial polarization engineering that can benefit optical imaging instrumentation are presented. Applications of spatially variant optical polarization in nonlinear optical imaging, plasmonic focusing and focal field 3-D polarization control will be discussed.
Functional and Physical Outcomes following Use of a Flexible CO2 Laser Fiber and Bipolar Electrocautery in Close Proximity to the Rat Sciatic Nerve with Correlation to an In Vitro Thermal Profile Model

This study compared functional and physical collateral damage to a nerve when operating a Codman MALIS Bipolar Electrosurgical System CMC-III or a CO2 laser coupled to a laser, with correlation to an in vitro model of heating profiles created by the devices in thermochromic ink agarose. Functional damage of the rat sciatic nerve after operating the MALIS or CO2 laser at various power settings and proximities to the nerve was measured by electrically evoked nerve action potentials, and histology of the nerve was used to assess physical damage. Thermochromic ink dissolved in agarose was used to model the spatial and temporal profile of the collateral heating zone of the electrosurgical system and the laser ablation cone. We found that this laser can be operated at 2 W directly above the nerve with minimal damage, while power settings of 5 W and 10 W resulted in acute functional and physical nerve damage, correlating with the maximal heating cone in the thermochromic ink model. MALIS settings up to 40 (11 W) did not result in major functional or physical nerve damage until the nerve was between the forceps tips, correlating with the hottest zone, localized discretely between the tips.
Low smear CCD camera for high frame rates

A small, versatile CCD (charge coupled device) camera is described. Frame readout times from one second to milliseconds can be changed continuously or at random by a programmable clock. A very large range of light intensity is thus covered without the need for mechanical aperture control. The camera can be reset at any time and then restarted at a different frame rate after the pause of a selected duration. The ICX016AL sensor was found especially suitable for clock rates up to 50 MHz. Image smear, blooming an dnoise are substantially lower than in earlier interline-transfer CCD sensors. Critical circuits are described and measured data are presented. >
Electropolymerization of Macromers Containing Ruthenium(II) Polypridyl Complexes

Poly[4-(2-aminoethyl)styrene], prepared by living anionic polymerization having n ≈ 18 repeat units and a molecular weight distribution of Mw/Mn = 1.10, has been derivatized by amide coupling to [RuII(vbpy)2(bpy-COOH)]2+ (vbpy is 4-vinyl-4‘-methyl-2,2‘-bipyridine; bpy-COOH is 4-methyl-2,2‘-bipyridine-4‘-carboxylic acid). A molecular model of the product, [PS-CH2CH2NHCO-(RuII18)]36+, is shown at the left. Reductive electropolymerization based on the vinyl groups gives films having open, porous structures which retain the electron-transfer and excited-state properties of the constituent complexes but modified by the film environment.
Excess enthalpies for (ethane+methanol) at 298.15 and 348.15 K and 7.5 and 15 MPa, and at 323.15 K at 7.5, 10, and 15 MPa

Abstract Excess molar enthalpies HmE have been determined for (ethane + methanol) at 298.15, 323.15, and 348.15 K and at pressures of 7.5 and 15 MPa. Measurements were also made at 323.15 K at 10 MPa. (Ethane + methanol) is a type-III system (Scott and van Konynenburg's classification) which is distinguished by a discontinuous critical curve. The results reported in this paper span the critical locus so that miscible mixtures form at the highest pressure, but (liquid + liquid) or (vapor + liquid) phase separations are present at the lower pressures. The HmE results correlate well with the phase-equilibria description and are used to predict the (vapor + liquid) equilibrium curve at 7.5 MPa.
Nutritional role of calcium in plants. 1. Prominent in the non-legume crops, sugar beets.

Studies, using the sugar beet as a non-leguminous crop in the Imperial and San Joaquin Valleys of California, have shown by soil tests, measured crop yields, and the storage of the disaccharide sugar in the root, that calcium is a plant nutrient deficient in these desert soils.
Assignment of genes for human monoamine oxidases A and B to the X chromosome.

Monoclonal antibodies that immunoprecipitate human monoamine oxidase (MAO) A or human MAO B, but not the corresponding mouse enzymes, were used to assay for the presence of immunoprecipitable MAO A or MAO B (presumably coded by the respective human genes) in mouse-human hybrid somatic cell lines containing small numbers of human chromosomes. The results were as follow: (1) Extracts of a human lymphoblastoid x mouse hepatoma hybrid line that retained the human X chromosome contained immunoprecipitable MAO B, while a similar hybrid line that contained the same human chromosomes, except for the human X, did not. (2) Extracts of a human fibroblast x mouse neuroblastoma hybrid cell line, whose human chromosomal material consisted solely of the X, contained both immunoprecipitable MAO A and MAO B. Extracts of a related hybrid line, whose human chromosomal material consisted solely of an autonomous fragment and a fragment translocated to a mouse chromosome, contained immunoprecipitable MAO A. However, the level of immunoprecipitable MAO B activity in extracts of this hybrid was low or undetectable. (3) Among extracts of 33 human fibroblast x mouse hepatoma hybrids that had been selected for expression of the X-linked human enzyme HPRT, 60% contained immunoprecipitable MAO B. This figure was comparable to the 58% that expressed the X-linked human isozyme for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD). When 11 of these hybrid lines, which contained immunoprecipitable MAO B and human HPRT, were selected for loss of HPRT, all lost immunoprecipitable MAO B in addition to HPRT. These data demonstrate that genes controlling the expression of MAO A and MAO B, which can be immunoprecipited with the human-specific monoclonal antibodies, are located on the human X chromosome. Properties of the immunological epitopes recognized by the monoclonal antibodies suggest that the X-linked genes detected in this study are probably structural genes for the enzymes.