cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Returning to the Glory Days: Race, Urban Form, and Redevelopment in Asbury Park, New Jersey - A Planning Critique

Long burdened by the legacies of racial strife and the scorched earth tactics of urban renewal, Asbury Park, New Jersey appears primed for a renaissance. In a particularly bold move that has captured the attention of The New York Times, the Asbury Park Redevelopment Authority recently unveiled a $1.2 billion redevelopment plan that envisions the city’s restoration as the Jersey Shore’s "place to be." Grounding the Redevelopment Authority’s Master Plan for Asbury is a "Glory Days" narrative that presents the historical Asbury as a thriving, relatively egalitarian space. As a review of the Master Plan in light of Asbury’s deeper history suggests, however, the Redevelopment Authority’s narrative is partial and idealized: Asbury’s historical development as a commercial center and resort destination relied heavily on the exploitation and marginalization of the inhabitants of the western region of the town. Vitally, for planners and citizens alike, this history is not "past," but rather remains integrally bound-up with the city’s present-day landscape. In attempting to preserve Asbury’s historical form, the work of the Redevelopment Authority promises to resurrect an urban configuration that has traditionally been racially and class exclusive, with no reasonable expectation that redevelopment will alter these historical patterns. As an imagined future for Asbury, the Redevelopment Plan is neither practicable nor sustainable, offering Asbury’s poor not economic revitalization and social inclusion, but rather, further socioeconomic exclusion and spatial segregation.
Cardiac-Metabolic Dissociation: Additional Heart Rates during Psychological Stress

The main focus of this chapter is on basic experimental research conducted to demonstrate that the large cardiac increases displayed by certain individuals during psychological stress are indeed over and above the adjustments dictated by the physical, or metabolic, demands of the situation. However, in addition to examining this cardiac-metabolic dissociation, the chapter provides a good opportunity to illustrate several of the points discussed in earlier chapters with examples from actual experiments. Some of the tasks discussed earlier, the basic psychophysiological strategy of investigating reactivity, and the phenomenon of individual differences in psychophysiological response to psychological challenge will all be encountered here.
Effect of Surface Chemistry on Confined Phase Behavior in Nanoporous Media: An Experimental and Molecular Modeling Study.

It is well accepted that nanopore size is a controlling parameter in determining the phase behavior of confined adsorbate molecules. Despite this knowledge, the quantitative effect of surface chemistry on the confined phase behavior is a factor that remains obfuscated. Obtaining a complete understanding of the variables controlling confined phase behavior is a critical step in developing more complete equations of state for predictive modeling. To this end, a combined experimental and molecular modeling study was conducted to investigate the effects of surface chemistry and wetting on the confined phase behavior of propane and n-butane in modified and unmodified silica MCM-41. Isotherms were measured in four types of silica MCM-41 modified with varying sizes of alkyl groups to determine the effects of increasing surface modification. Results showed that increased pore surface coverage of carbon resulted in a notable change in the capillary condensation pressures, adsorption enthalpy, and confined critical...
Chemical Derivatization Strategy for Extending the Identification of MHC Class I Immunopeptides.

Neoantigen-based therapeutic vaccines have a high potential impact on tumor eradication and patient survival. Mass spectrometry (MS)-based immunopeptidomics has the capacity to identify tumor-assoc...
Extreme Adaptation in Caves

Cave adaptation leads to unique anatomical specializations in many taxonomic groups. As the role of vision is reduced or disappears in a subterranean environment, other specializations arise to allow the organism to successfully detect and interact with their environment. A suite of unique, convergent phenotypes associated with subterranean adaptation has emerged (termed troglomorphy), with reduction or loss of pigmentation and eyes being the most conspicuous. Two vertebrate groups that have successfully colonized and adapted to subterranean environments are cavefishes and cave salamanders. There are many shared troglomorphic anatomical characters shared between these two groups, and we describe herein the morphological traits that are unique to fishes and salamanders that are adapted to caves and other subterranean habitats. Troglobionts, animals strictly bound and adapted to underground habitats, are outcomes of not just regressive evolution, but also constructive adaptation. There are skeletal changes, such as broadening and flattening of the head, as well as hypertrophy of non-visual modalities. Cavefishes and salamanders have lost eyes and pigmentation, but also enhanced mechanosenzation, chemosenzation and, in some cases, electroreception. Both cavefishes and cave salamanders have become important models in the study of the ecology, behavior, and evolution of subterranean colonization and adaptation. However, our knowledge is primarily limited to a few taxa and many questions remain to be studied. Anat Rec, 2018. © 2018 American Association for Anatomy.
TIM Lecture Series – The Expanding Cybersecurity Threat

The TIM Lecture Series is hosted by the Technology Innovation Management program (carleton.ca/tim) at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. The lectures provide a forum to promote the transfer of knowledge between university research to technology company executives and entrepreneurs as well as research and development personnel. Readers are encouraged to share related insights or provide feedback on the presentation or the TIM Lecture Series, including recommendations of future speakers.
The skillful interrogation of the internet

As SIGCOMM turns 50, it's interesting to ask how networking research has evolved over time. This is a set of personal observations about the "mindset" associated with Internet research.
A Systematic Review of Unsystematic Total Ankle Replacement Wear Evaluations.

Background Numerous studies have reported the use of laboratory multistation joint simulators to successfully predict wear performance and functionality of hip and knee replacements. In contrast, few studies in the peer-reviewed literature have used joint simulation to quantify the wear performance and functionality of ankle replacements. We performed a systematic review of the literature on joint simulator studies that quantified polyethylene wear in total ankle arthroplasty. In addition to the quantified wear results, the load and motion parameters were identified and compared among the studies. Methods A search was performed according to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines to identify articles reporting total ankle replacement polyethylene wear using joint simulators. Results Nine studies that used joint simulators and 1 study that used a computer simulation were found. Although all studies used physiological multidirectional motions (i.e., internal/external rotation, plantar flexion/dorsiflexion, anterior/posterior translation), there was large variability among the studies in the magnitudes of these motions. Among these studies, mean non-cross-linked polyethylene wear ranged from 3.3 ± 0.4 to 25.8 ± 3.1 mm per million cycles. In contrast, mean highly cross-linked polyethylene wear ranged from 2.1 ± 0.3 to 3.3 ± 0.4 mm per million cycles. The wide distribution in wear rates was attributable to the highly inconsistent kinematic parameters and loads applied as well as differences in implant design and materials. Conclusions There is a severe lack of clinically applicable data on wear performance of total ankle replacements in the peer-reviewed literature. No universal set of kinematic load parameters has been established. Furthermore, only 2 of the published studies have validated their findings using independently derived data, such as retrieval analysis. These shortcomings make it difficult to compare findings as a function of design parameters and materials, or to draw clinically relevant conclusions from these simulations. More work is required to enhance the predictive capability of in vitro simulations of total ankle replacements. Clinical relevance The results of joint wear simulator studies may not accurately represent in vivo wear of total ankle replacements. Joint simulator studies should establish that they are accurately replicating in vivo wear, thus enabling use of their predictive capabilities for new materials and designs.
An Edge Neural Cyber-Physical Production System: Products Monitoring Their Production Recommend Adaptations of Their Schedule

Presented is an edge neural cyber-physical production monitoring system in a German medium-sized enterprise’s production process. Each product is equipped with a battery-powered, cost-efficient, not handpicked wireless LAN-microcontroller monitoring its product’s production. If a microcontroller observes a significant plan-deviation, it sends a warning message to its product’s agent in the planning system recommending an adaptation of the production schedule.
A Community-Based Study on the Prevalence of Olfactory Dysfunction.

BackgroundOlfactory dysfunction (OD) is common, affecting an estimated 13 million adults in the United States. Prior studies may underestimate OD prevalence due to use of brief smell identification...
Eyes on Code: A Study on Developers Code Navigation Strategies

What code navigation strategies do developers use and what mechanisms do they employ to find relevant information Do their strategies evolve over the course of longer tasks Answers to these questions can provide insight to educators and software tool designers to support a wide variety of programmers as they tackle increasingly-complex software systems. However, little research to date has measured developers' code navigation strategies in ecologically-valid settings or analyzed how strategies progressed throughout a maintenance task. We propose a novel experimental design that more accurately represents the software maintenance process in terms of software complexity and IDE interactions. Using this framework, we conduct an eye-tracking study (n=36) of realistic bug-fixing tasks, dynamically and empirically identifying relevant code areas. We introduce a three-phase model to characterize developers' navigation behavior supported by statistical variations in eye movements over time. We also propose quantifiable notion of ``thrashing'' with the code as a navigation activity. We find that thrashing is associated with lower effectiveness. Our results confirm that the relevance of various code elements changes over time, and that our proposed three-phase model is capable of capturing these significant changes. We discuss our findings and their implications for tool designers, educators, and the research community.
Attrition between the superior cavopulmonary connection and the Fontan procedure in hypoplastic left heart syndrome.

Abstract Objective We investigated the incidence and predictors of failure to undergo the Fontan in children with hypoplastic left heart syndrome who survived superior cavopulmonary connection. Methods The cohort consists of all patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome who survived to hospital discharge after superior cavopulmonary connection between 1988 and 2017. The primary outcome was attrition, which was defined as death, nonsuitability for the Fontan, or cardiac transplantation before the Fontan. Subjects were excluded if they were awaiting the Fontan, were lost to follow-up, or underwent biventricular repair. The study period was divided into 4 eras based on changes in operative or medical management. Attrition was estimated with 95% confidence intervals, and predictors were identified using adjusted, logistic regression models. Results Of the 856 hospital survivors after superior cavopulmonary connection, 52 died, 7 were deemed unsuitable for Fontan, and 12 underwent or were awaiting heart transplant. Overall attrition was 8.3% (71/856). Attrition rate did not change significantly across eras. A best-fitting multiple logistic regression model was used, adjusting for superior cavopulmonary connection year and other influential covariates: right ventricle to pulmonary artery shunt at Norwood (P Conclusions In this study spanning more than 3 decades, 8.3% of children with hypoplastic left heart syndrome failed to undergo the Fontan after superior cavopulmonary connection. This attrition rate has not decreased over 30 years. Use of a right ventricle to pulmonary artery shunt at the Norwood procedure was associated with increased attrition.
Creating new states: the strategic use of referendums in secession movements

What is the value of using referendums as part of independence movements? By considering recent prominent secession movements, this article theorizes that referendums provide several strategic adva...
Did Georgian Voters Desire Military Escalation in 2008? Experiments and Observations

In a foreign policy crisis between a strong and weak state, do citizens of the weaker party punish or reward a leader that escalates the crisis? Strong evidence suggests that there were electoral incentives for Georgian escalation in its August 2008 war with Russia. This article combines data from survey experiments, conducted on Georgian voters just weeks prior to the August 2008 war, with open-ended survey response questions from a survey fielded just weeks after the war. Respondents evaluated their leader’s crisis behavior in the aftermath of a real war differently than the evidence from pre-war survey experiments would have suggested. The divergence in findings is demonstrated by providing evidence of three empirical phenomena: a “Rally ’Round the Flag” effect, a “Fog of War” effect, and systematic differences in evaluations of leader performance depending on respondents’ proximity to actual violence.
Common Drug Interactions

Summary Clinically significant interactions are most likely to occur between drugs that have potent effects, a narrow therapeutic range, and a steep dose-response curve.3 The treating oral and maxillofacial surgeon should know his or her patients' total drug intake (i.e., drugs prescribed by other practitioners, and all over-the-counter drugs, and, any herbal preparations). The effects of all drugs (including unwanted side effects) must be considered when a new medication is being added to a patients' existing regimen. The oral and maxillofacial surgeon should be cognizant that drug interactions may be the cause of an unexpected or unexplainable problem in his or her patient and be willing to address it. The authors have included several “quick reference tables” that provide useful information for clinical practice (Tables 1–12). The tables list drug interactions for medications with which the oral and maxillofacial surgeon may common into contact. These tables are by no means complete, and the reader who is interested in drug interactions should consult other sources: (1) Clinical Pharmacology Online: http://www.imc.gsm.com (select Drug Interactions) and (2) Medscape: http://www.medscape.com .
Matrology and Patrology

(1949). Matrology and Patrology. Journal of the American Association for Health, Physical Education, and Recreation: Vol. 20, No. 8, pp. 517-558.
Ideal Bioorthogonal Reactions Using A Site-Specifically Encoded Tetrazine Amino Acid

Bioorthogonal reactions for labeling biomolecules in live cells have been limited by slow reaction rates or low component selectivity and stability. Ideal bioorthogonal reactions with high reaction rates, high selectivity, and high stability would allow for stoichiometric labeling of biomolecules in minutes and eliminate the need to wash out excess labeling reagent. Currently, no general method exists for controlled stoichiometric or substoichiometric labeling of proteins in live cells. To overcome this limitation, we developed a significantly improved tetrazine-containing amino acid (Tet-v2.0) and genetically encoded Tet-v2.0 with an evolved aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase/tRNA(CUA) pair. We demonstrated in cellulo that protein containing Tet-v2.0 reacts selectively with cyclopropane-fused trans-cyclooctene (sTCO) with a bimolecular rate constant of 72,500 ± 1660 M–1 s–1 without reacting with other cellular components. This bioorthogonal ligation of Tet-v2.0-protein reacts in cellulo with substoichiometric amo...
Synthetic experience: A proposed taxonomy

A taxonomy is proposed to classify all varieties of technologically mediated experience. This includes virtual reality and teleoperation, and also earlier devices such as the microscope and telephone. The model of mediated interaction assumes a sensor-display link from the world to the human, and an action-actuator link going back from the human to the world, with the mediating technology transforming the transmitted experience in some way. The taxonomy is used to classify a number of example systems. Two taxonomies proposed earlier are compared with the ideas presented in this paper. Then the long-term prospects of this field are speculated on, ignoring constraints of cost, effort, or time to develop. Finally, the ultimate limits of synthetic experience are discussed, which derive from properties of the physical universe and the human neural apparatus.
Forgiving Someone for Who They Are (and Not Just What They’ve Done)

"I was sexually abused by an old man when I was 6 years old ... he was 60 ... i think I have forgiven him ... my father left when I was 13 ... i think i have forgiven him ... i do not forget what they have done ... i do not forgive what they have done but i forgive them for being the way they were that made them do the things they have done ... and this makes no sense ... but it is what i think and what i
Beyond 'Greed and Grievance': The Causes of Civil Wars

Civil wars are the most common form of warfare in the world, yet the question of their causes remains not only under-researched, but in a state of confusion. The authors of the “greed-grievance” dichotomy have since written that this dichotomy should be abandoned, joining a long list of scholars calling for a theory which specifies the interaction of economic and social-psychological factors. This paper offers such a theory, but also delineates two questions in the causes of civil war onset, distinguishing the social-structural question of what creates the potential for war along a particular identity fault line from the temporal question of why war breaks out at a particular point in time. The former is addressed by applying the sociological concept of overlapping vs. cross-cutting cleavages to the relationship between identity divisions and economic and political divisions, with the potential for civil war arising from a situation of overlapping social cleavages. The temporal question focuses on the role of catalysts such as economic decline and regime change in escalating that potential in the buildup to civil war. Then, a third causal stage is discussed, focusing on whether the extent of violence meets definitional casualty thresholds to qualify as a civil war, as a function of government response to the outbreak of violence. Evidence is provided from four cases. Ivory Coast and Yugoslavia both represent clear examples of overlapping social cleavages, yet both were heralded for their stability and relative prosperity for decades before they were torn apart, thus demonstrating that overlapping cleavages are necessary but not sufficient without the temporal role of catalysts such as economic decline. Haiti illustrates a near-total lack of social cleavages, thus its abundance of negative catalysts has never resulted in a civil war, demonstrating that negative catalysts are not sufficient without an underlying social structure of overlapping social cleavages. The case of India’s Hindu-Muslim cleavage illustrates the structure of cross-cutting cleavages and its ability to mitigate conflict which has been to the brink of civil war many times. Finally, the implications of this theory for further research and for policy are discussed. It is emphasized that existing measures of inequality tell us nothing about how inequality is distributed among identity groups, thus quantifying this process cannot be achieved through reduced measurement error, nor through an interaction term combining gini coefficients with measures of ethnic fractionalization. New measures will be required. Further, this theory supports criticism of power-sharing agreements, as such arrangements entrench the structure of overlapping social cleavages, giving permanence to the potential for civil war.
Stress and Preterm Birth: Neuroendocrine, Immune/Inflammatory, and Vascular Mechanisms

A growing literature suggests that maternal psychological and social stress is a significant and independent risk factor for a range of adverse reproductive outcomes including preterm birth. Several issues remain to be addressed about stress and vulnerability to stress during pregnancy. Of these, perhaps one of the most important questions relates to biologic plausibility. Parturition, the process that results in birth, is a biological phenomenon. Very little empirical research to date, however, has examined the role of biological processes, if any, as mediators of the relationship between stress and preterm birth. In this paper we discuss the maternal, placental, and fetal neuroendocrine, immune/inflammatory, and vascular processes that may bridge the experience of social adversity before and during pregnancy and the biological outcome of preterm birth.
Inhibition of Neisseria gonorrhoeae by a factor produced by Candida albicans.

When Candida albicans is present on Transgrow specimens, Neisseria gonorrhoeae is detected less frequently or else can be seen in Gram stains but cannot be readily cultured. When C. albicans and N. gonorrhoeae are grown together on Transgrow, the gonococcal cells die off much more readily than N. gonorrhoeae grown on Transgrow alone. By use of a cross-streaking technique on agar plates, it has been demonstrated that C. albicans produces a soluble substance inhibitory to N. gonorrhoeae, although not to other microorganisms tested. Preliminary results indicate that this inhibitory factor can be extracted by the use of tertiary butanol. Since approximately one-third of the Transgrow specimens with growth contains yeasts, of which C. albicans is by far the most frequent, this factor presents an important complication in the diagnosis of gonorrhea in women. Images
A new 3D MHD algorithm using a Boltzmann-like distribution function

Summary form only given. A new three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic code has been developed. The 3D MHD equations are solved in conservative form. The code is finite-volume and the hydrodynamic variables are updated in a cell by calculating fluxes across the cell interfaces. The novel feature of the code is that the fluxes of mass, momentum, and energy across cell interfaces are calculated by integrating in velocity space using an appropriate Boltzmann-like distribution function. The electric field along cell edges, which is used to update the magnetic field, is also computed using the Boltzmann-like distribution function. A nonlinear switch between an eighth-order spatial scheme and a low order scheme is used based upon the partial donor cell method (Hain, 1987). The temporal scheme is accurate to second order. Results will be presented for the Brio-Wu shock problem (Brio and Wu, 1988) and compared to other schemes (e.g., FCT). An important aspect of the method is that it can be generalized to incorporate modifications of the 3D MHD equations (e.g., anisotropic ion stress tensor, the Hall term).
How to Do Things with Brands: Uses of National Identity

Just when the hegemony of the national form seemed well and truly on the wane, its claims to authority and legitimacy compromised by all manner of networks, “scapes” (Appadurai, 1997), and flows, a series of contemporary events has reignited the national discourse. Current crises of value—economic, political, cultural, and moral—have raised the possibility that the protections and provisions offered by the nation-state may be powerful antidotes to the anxieties of global disjunctures. Amid calls to regulate and rebuild the architecture of global integration, the potential of the national imaginary has come once again to the fore. As national leaders try to re-assert their jurisdictional boundaries, they have drawn heavily on their countries’ cultural identities to promote their constituencies as exemplars of both domestic distinction and international fitness.1 Along with declining possibilities for investment in tangible sources of national wealth, a country’s intangible wealth—its “good reputation”—is increasingly evoked as a means to gain the most prominent seat at the appropriately high-stakes table. The problem is that there are many tables to sit at; and it is not always clear how to construe” this reputation in a way that is equally appealing to all possible players. National governments have been convinced of the need to harness, measure, and market this valuable resource, and they have turned to the experts in “reputational value” to help them do so. These experts are nation-branding consultants,2 and their self-styled raison d’etre is to create and communicate a particular version of national identity that will make the nation matter to a wide range of audiences. With their quasi-academic journals and textbooks,3 proprietary indices and rankings of metrological effectiveness, and an acute awareness of the power of the press release, nation branders purport to offer national leaders the “robust” identity they require to retain both their own and their jurisdiction’s relevance in the context of global transformation.
Outcomes Using an Internal Osteotomy and Distraction Device for Corrective Osteotomy of Distal Radius Malunions Requiring Correction in Multiple Planes

Purpose Many different methods have been proposed for correction of distal radius malunions; however, precise correction of a severe malunion that requires simultaneous adjustment of displacement, angulation, and rotation in multiple planes is difficult. This prospective study measured radiographic and functional outcomes using an adjustable osteotomy, distraction, and fixation system for distal radius malunions that required correction in multiple planes. Methods Five consecutive patients with symptomatic distal radius malunions requiring correction in multiple planes were recruited into this study. All patients had correction of the malunion with an adjustable osteotomy, distraction, and fixation device. Radiographic parameters and objective and subjective functional outcomes were measured before surgery and at 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year after surgery. Results All radiographic measurements improved after surgery. Grip strength, pinch strength, and the Jebsen-Taylor test showed only marginal improvement. Ulnar deviation of the wrist and forearm pronation–supination improved, but the wrist extension–flexion arc did not. The Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire showed improvement in all domains, and significant improvement was seen in the overall, work, aesthetic, and satisfaction domains. The Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire, however, also indicated a substantial amount of residual impairment in all domains, including activities of daily living and pain. Conclusions Corrective osteotomy with the adjustable osteotomy, distraction, and fixation device resulted in improvement in distal radius anatomy and function. However, not all improvements were statistically significant, and anatomy and function did not returned to baseline levels. Despite residual disability, patients noted substantial improvement in subjective outcomes. This system is useful for improving anatomy and function in distal radius malunions that require correction in multiple planes, but patients should be informed that they cannot expect to regain normal anatomy or function. Type of study/level of evidence Therapeutic IV.
The effect of rare earth ions on the thermal stability of AlF3-based glasses

Abstract The effect of rare earth ions on the thermal stability of AlF 3 -based glasses has been investigated. Different concentrations of NdF 3 , ErF 3 and PrF 3 ranging from 0.25 to 2.0 wt% have been added to a well characterized base glass. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements were carried out to determine the time-temperature-transformation (TTT) curves, critical cooling rates and Hruby parameters for both the base glass as well as for the selectively doped glasses. It was found that the thermal stability of AlF 3 -based glasses actually increased following the addition of the above rare earth ions up to certain concentrations and then started to gradually decrease but still remained higher than the original base glass. This behavior of AlF 3 -based glasses is in contrast to those based on ZrF 4 and may offer certain advantages in the fabrication of active fiber devices.
On speedable and levelable vector spaces

Abstract In this paper, we study the lattice of r.e. subspaces of a recursively presented vector space V∞ with regard to the various complexity-theoretic speed-up properties such as speedable, effectively speedable, levelable, and effectively levelable introduced by Blum and Marques. In particular, we study the interplay between an r.e. basis A for a subspace V of V∞ and V with regard to these properties. We show for example that if A or V is speedable (effectively speedable), then V is levelable (effectively levelable). We also show that if A is an r.e. subset of a recursive basis for V∞, then A is levelable iff V is speedable while it is not the case that A is levelable iff V is speedable. We also provide several contrasts between the lattice of r.e. subspaces and the lattice of r.e. sets with respect to these speed-up properties. For example, every maximal set is levelable but we show that there exist supermaximal spaces which are nonspeedable in all possible r.e. degrees as well as supermaximal spaces which are levelable in all r.e. degrees which contain levelable sets.
Nonreductive Physicalism and Soul Finding Resonance Between Theology and Neuroscience

Cognitive neuroscience has raised important questions regarding the religious understanding of persons as bodies inhabited by nonmaterial souls (dualism). Although physicalism (monism) offers an alternative, this view has typically been associated with reductionism that is inconsistent with a religious view of persons. Nonreductive physicalism provides a description of human nature that is more resonant with a theological perspective. Nonreductive physicalism entails abandonment of reductionism in science and of body-soul dualism in theological anthropology. This article suggests that nonreductive physicalism preserves the critical properties and attributes of human nature, and potentials for human experience, which have been described in religious scriptures and assigned to the soul. It is argued that a critical feature of a religious view of persons is a capacity for the deepest forms of personal relatedness. Thus, soul is an attribute of physical human beings that is an emergent property of the capacity and experiences of personal relatedness.
A comment on ‘is an accurate verbal language necessary for heart rate discrimination?’

Abstract Grigg and Ashton (1986) suggest that the significant difference obtained between their FKR group and their NoKR group is evidence that learning to discriminate one's own heart rate is independent of an accurate verbal description of cardiac events. However, they did not address the equally significant difference between their KR and FKR groups. In addition, there appear to be a number of conceptual and methodological flaws in their study which call their conclusions into question: (1) The 2AFC paradigm developed by Ashton, White & Hodgson (1979) is fundamentally flawed; (2) the detection paradigm that Grigg and Ashton use is a heart beat detection paradigm and not a heart rate detection paradigm as they suggest; (3) the choice of female subjects exclusively is also unfortunate since several studies have demonstrated a clear advantage for males over females on valid heart beat detection paradigms. Finally; (4) the parametric data analyses used by Grigg and Ashton are lacking on both power and reliability with sample sizes as low as four per cell.
Emerging biomedical applications of time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy

Time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy is presently regarded as a research tool in biochemistry, biophysics, and chemical physics. Advances in laser technology, the development of long-wavelength probes, and the use of lifetime-based methods are resulting in the rapid migration of time-resolved fluorescence to the clinical chemistry lab, to the patient's bedside, to flow cytometers, to the doctor's office, and even to home health care. Additionally, time-resolved imaging is now a reality in fluorescence microscopy, and will provide chemical imaging of a variety of intracellular analytes and/or cellular phenomena. In this overview paper we attempt to describe some of the opportunities available using chemical sensing based on fluorescence lifetimes, and to predict those applications of lifetime-based sensing which are most likely in the near future.
C60-polysulfone nanocomposite membranes: Entropic and enthalpic determinants of C60 aggregation and its effects on membrane properties

Abstract The study focuses on the effects of C60 filler on the phase inversion process and related changes in the morphology and separation properties of cast C60-polysulfone nanocomposite membranes. The effects of C60 on the rejection and permeability of the cast membranes are correlated to rheological and demixing properties of the corresponding casting mixtures. The observed differences between C60-free and nanocomposite membranes are interpreted as resulting from enthalpic and entropic C60-polysulfone interactions that drive and are mediated by the aggregation of C60. Only 30 nm and smaller C60 aggregates are observed in membranes with the smallest (1% C60/polysulfone by mass) C60 loading. In contrast, only aggregates larger than 30 nm are found in composites with 5% and 10% C60 loadings. A correlation between the demixing rate and permeability and a counter-correlation between permeability and rejection are observed for nanocomposite membranes for the entire C60 loadings range studied. The observed accumulation of the filler at the surface of internal membrane pores is attributed to the expulsion of C60 aggregates to the free surface for an entropic gain. The findings have implications for the design of polymer nanocomposite membranes as well as for the lifecycle analysis of nanomaterial-enabled products.
An optically pumped silicon evanescent laser

A laser utilizing wafer scale heterogeneous integration of silicon waveguides with offset AlGaInAs quantum wells is demonstrated. This laser has a threshold of 30 mW and a maximum power of 1.4 mW and has the ability to integrate photonic devices with Si VLSI CMOS technology. (2 pages)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis: just desserts for an ungrateful guest

Myobacterium tuberculosis is the most common infectious cause of death in the world, with up to one-third of the population infected. In industrial countries infection with M. tuberculosis and tuberculosis disease has been decreasing since the 19th century. Now, however, tuberculosis disease is on the increase again, with resistance of the bacillus to available drugs spreading rapidly. This resurgence can be seen from the ecological and evolutionary point of view, where human hosts are the niche of the tuberculosis bacillus.
Greenfield vena caval filter experience: late results in 156 patients.

• In a review of clinical experience with the Greenfield filter in 156 patients, the most common indication for insertion was a contraindication to anticoagulation or recurrent embolism during treatment. Most of the filters (86%) were placed infrarenal, with 7% placed intentionally suprarenal and 7% misplaced but amenable to retrieval. Recurrent embolism was suspected in three patients (2%) on the basis of symptoms and was diagnosed by scan in three patients (2%). Follow-up studies on 119 local patients (11 were lost, 49 died) extended to 63 months (average, 23 months) and showed no migration or deaths due to recurrent embolism. Of 102 venacavograms obtained, occlusion of the cava was seen in only three patients (5%), for a long-term patency rate of 95%. (Arch Surg1981;116:1451-1456)
Flavonoid glucosides from the hairy roots of Catharanthus roseus.

Four new flavonoid glucosides, 3′,4′-di-O-methylquercetin-7-O-[(4′′→13′′′)-2′′′,6′′′,10′′′,14′′′-tetramethylhexadec-13′′′-ol-14′′′-enyl]-β-d-glucopyranoside (1), 4′-O-methylkaempferol-3-O-[(4′′→13′′′)- 2′′′,6′′′,10′′′,14′′′-tetramethylhexadecan-13′′′-olyl]-β-d-glucopyranoside (2), 3′,4′-di-O-methylbutin-7-O-[(6′′→1′′′)-3′′′,11′′′-dimethyl-7′′′-methylenedodeca-3′′′,10′′′-dienyl]-β-d-glucopyranoside (3), and 4′-O-methylbutin-7-O-[(6′′→1′′′)-3′′′,11′′′-dimethyl-7′′′-hydroxymethylenedodecanyl]-β-d-glucopyranoside (4), along with the three known compounds were isolated from the methanol extract of Catharanthus roseus hairy roots. Their structures were elucidated spectroscopically. The new flavonoid glucosides inhibited both MMP-9 activity and TNF-α production in THP-1 cells treated with lipopolysaccharide.
Intracranial elimination of human glioblastoma brain tumors in nude rats using the bispecific ligand-directed toxin, DTEGF13 and convection enhanced delivery

A bispecific ligand-directed toxin (BLT) consisting of human interleukin-13, epithelial growth factor, and the first 389 amino acids of diphtheria toxin was assembled in order to target human glioblastoma. In vitro, DTEGF13 selectively killed the human glioblastoma cell line U87-luc as well as other human glioblastomas. DTEGF13 fulfilled the requirement of a successful BLT by having greater activity than either of its monospecific counterparts or their mixture proving it necessary to have both ligands on the same single chain molecule. Aggressive brain tumors established intracranially (IC) in nude rats with U87 glioma genetically marked with a firefly luciferase reporter gene were treated with two injections of DTEGF13 using convection enhanced delivery resulting in tumor eradication in 50% of the rats which survived with tumor free status at least 110 days post tumor inoculation. An irrelevant BLT control did not protect establishing specificity. The bispecific DTEGF13 MTD dose was measured at 2 µg/injection or 0.5 μg/kg and toxicity studies indicated safety in this dose. Combination of monospecific DTEGF and DTIL13 did not inhibit tumor growth. ELISA assay indicated that anti-DT antibodies were not generated in normal immunocompetent rats given identical intracranial DTEGF13 therapy. Thus, DTEGF13 is safe and efficacious as an alternative drug for glioblastoma therapy and warrants further study.
Coding region deletions associated with the major form of rDNA interruption in Drosophila melanogaster

The nucleotide sequences at and around the termini of 5 kb type 1 interruptions in three separate clones of D. melanogaster rDNA repeats have been determined, and have been compared with the sequence of the corresponding region of an insertion-free rDNA repeat. All three interrupted rDNA repeats contain a small deletion of 28S rRNA coding material at the left coding/insertion sequence junction. A second deletion was found in one of the three clones, ad other aberrations were suggested by the results of restriction enzyme digestions of unfractionated rDNA. The termini of 5 kb type 1 rDNA insertions in D. melanogaster were also compared with the corresponding regions of 28S rDNA interruptions in D. virilis: the insertion site is identical in the two species, but the termini of the two species' interruptions show no homology. I sequenced a 1.1 kb region of the 5 kb type 1 D. melanogaster rDNA interruption that covers the sequences of the 1 kb and 0.5 kb insertions. There is 98% homology between the rightmost 1 kb of the 5 kb interruption and the sequences of the shorter insertions. Data suggest that Drosophila rDNA interruptions arose as a transposable element, and that divergence had included length alterations generated by unequal crossing over.
An Improved Tribological Polymer-Coating System for Metal Surfaces

Aromatic thermosetting polyester (ATSP)- and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)-blended composites have been shown to exhibit improved tribological performance with low wear and low friction. In this article, pure ATSP films were coated on aluminum substrates and tested as a potential protective tribological coating. The tribological performance of this coating was tested against steel, using pure sliding sphere-on-disk experiments. A fluoroadditive powder (solid lubricant) was also added to further enhance the ATSP film wear and friction properties. For comparison, a commercially available PTFE-based coating was tested under the same conditions. Results show that the ATSP/fluoroadditive film has comparable coefficient of friction to the commercial coating, but significantly lower wear. Surface analysis techniques were employed to investigate the low-friction and low-wear mechanisms seen with the ATSP/fluoroadditive. Specifically TOF-SIMS depth-profiling showed that there is a high density of fluorine element within the wear track and penetrates well below the surface of the wear track.
Effectiveness of Highway Pavement Seal Coating Treatments

Seal coating is a preventive maintenance technique typically applied to low volume asphaltic concrete pavements to defer the need for major rehabilitation. Past research on seal coating effectiveness has generally indicated that both short- and medium-term benefits are associated with this treatment. Regarding the relationship between short-term effectiveness and initial pavement condition, results of past studies have been equivocal: some studies found that lower levels of initial pavement condition are associated with lower effectiveness after seal coating treatment, while results of other studies were to the contrary. This paper, in developing seal coating effectiveness models, explains the findings of both schools of thought. The paper finds that the direction of seal coating effectiveness in relation to the initial pavement condition depends on the measure of effectiveness used: pavements in relatively poor condition were generally associated with higher performance jumps but lower reductions in their rates of deterioration. This implies that the greater benefits of seal coating on relatively good pavements, compared to relatively poor pavements, are observed particularly when considered over an extended period of time. On the other hand, pavements in relatively good condition were generally associated with lower performance jumps but greater reductions in their deterioration rates. In the course of the study, the paper selects appropriate measures of seal coating effectiveness, calculates values of each measure using data on Indiana pavements that received this treatment, determines the statistical significance of such effectiveness values, and finally estimates seal coating effectiveness as a function of pavement and/or treatment attributes. In the computation of effectiveness values, due cognizance is given to the critical issue of relative timing between the application of the seal coating treatments and annual performance monitoring.
Effects of progestins in different hormone replacement therapy formulations on estrogen-induced lipid changes in postmenopausal women

Hormone replacement therapy (HRT), used by many women to relieve the symptoms of menopause and for the prevention of osteoporosis, is available in an increasing number of formulations. Options include various combinations of estrogen and progestin as well as different routes of administration. For women with a uterus, who require a progestin, a convenient and commonly used option is combining the estrogen and progestin in a single pill. Such formulations have the lipid-modifying effects of estrogen, altered to specific type and dose of progestin used. The cardioprotective increases in levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol associated with exogenous estrogen may be blunted or even reversed with certain HRT regimens. In addition, some progestins minimize the increase in triglycerides that occurs with exogenous estrogen, whereas others do not. Because of the importance of lipid markers as risk factors for cardiovascular disease in postmenopausal women, these lipid effects should be carefully considered when selecting an HRT regimen.
Effect of air oxidation on the floatability of bituminous coals: Diffuse reflectance infrared fourier transform (DRIFT) spectroscopic analysis

Abstract The effect of induced air oxidation on the wettability behavior of coal was examined by studying its Hallimond tube flotation response and was correlated to the changes in organic moieties. Two different bituminous coals, Upper Freeport (PA) and Illinois No 6 seams, were examined for their flotation response to treatment by air heating for 24 and 72 h at 200°C. Although there was a sharp decrease in the floatability of coals after 24 h of heating, no further drop was observed beyond this time interval. Analysis of organic groups, by diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform (DRIFT) spectroscopy, indicated almost complete disappearance of aliphatic CH groups by oxidation to carbonyl groups upon heating in air. However, there was no noticeable effect of heating, even for 72 h, on aromatic CH and CC groups. Initial decrease in floatability was attributed to the loss in hydrophobicity contributed by the aliphatic CH groups and the residual floatability to aromatic CH and CC groups which were not susceptible to oxidation at the temperature used.
Evaluating Rivaroxaban for Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation — Regulatory Considerations

An FDA advisory committee recently considered a new drug application for rivaroxaban for preventing stroke and systemic embolism in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation, but there are important concerns about interpretation of the results of the key study.
Spatial approaches to broadband jamming in heterogeneous mobile networks: a game-theoretic approach

In this paper, we address the problem of a mobile intruder jamming the communication network in a vehicular formation. In order to understand the spatial aspect of the jamming problem, we consider a jamming model that takes into account the relative distance of the jammer from the vehicles. We formulate the problem as a zero-sum pursuit-evasion game between a jammer and a team of players with players possessing heterogeneous dynamics. We use Isaacs' approach to arrive at the equations governing the optimal strategies of the team of players. Finally, we obtain the optimal trajectories in the neighborhood of termination by numerically simulating the strategies for some variants of the problem.