cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Functional Outcomes of Unstable Ankle Fractures in Adolescents.

BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to describe the functional outcomes and complications of unstable supination external rotation (SER) and pronation external rotation (PER) ankle fractures in adolescents. A secondary outcome was to compare functional outcomes of SER stage IV injuries that were treated definitively with closed reduction and cast application to a similar group of minimally displaced fractures treated with open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF). METHODS A retrospective review of adolescents aged 10 to 18 years with unstable ankle fractures treated at a single institution between 2009 and 2017 was conducted. All patients had functional outcomes data from the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure obtained at a minimum of 1-year follow-up. RESULTS In total, 67 adolescents (41 SER, 26 PER) were included (mean follow-up: 52.3±24.8 mo). A total of 56 were treated with ORIF and 11 were closed reduced and casted. No patients treated nonsurgically had a loss of reduction and none required subsequent surgical intervention. Preoperative radiographic predictors of syndesmotic injury (>6 mm of tibiofibular clear space or <2 mm of tibiofibular overlap) were not sensitive and only moderately specific predictors of intraoperative syndesmotic injury. There was no difference in functional outcome between the 11 SER stage IV fractures treated nonoperatively and a group of minimally displaced SER injuries treated with ORIF. Patients with open or partially open physes had better functional outcomes. Patients with syndesmotic injuries, medial malleolus fractures, or fracture-dislocations were not associated with lower functional outcome scores in our adolescent cohort. CONCLUSIONS Unstable SER and PER injuries in adolescents have favorable functional outcomes at intermediate-term follow-up, though a minority continue to have impaired ankle function. Minimally displaced SER stage IV injuries with near anatomic alignment after closed reduction can be successfully treated with continued closed management, and have no difference in functional outcomes compared with similar injuries treated with ORIF. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III.
The Research 101 certificate program at a community college: Giving all students the chance to learn basic information literacy skills

Many community college students are ill prepared to do scholarly research. In order to mitigate this, librarians at our campus created the Research 101 Certificate Program in 2016. These workshops provide an access point for any student who wishes to strengthen their information literacy skill set. This essay describes the inception of the program, its pedagogical rationale, administration and participation outcomes. Suggestions for implementation at local institutions are also provided.
Environment-friendly treatment to reduce photoyellowing and improve UV-blocking of wool

Abstract Wool products are widely used in people's daily life due to their various excellent properties. However, long-term exposure to solar radiation containing ultraviolet light (UV) can cause severe photoyellowing issues. Also, when used to fabricate apparel, fabrics are expected to own an outstanding UV-blocking feature to protect the skin underneath. In this study, we have developed an eco-friendly treatment to reduce the photoyellowing as well as improve UV-blocking capacity of wool fabrics by introducing para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) through a microbial transglutaminase (mTGase) mediated acyl transfer reaction in a tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane-hydrochloric acid (Tris-HCl) buffer at mild condition. Fluorescent and UV–Vis reflectance spectra proved the successful attachment of PABA on wool fabrics. In addition, relative properties measured after laundering demonstrated the existence of strong covalent bonds, which ensure the stable performance of corresponding fabrics. Moreover, we found that wool fabrics processed by an appropriate concentration of PABA in the enzyme-tris reaction system could effectively resist photoyellowing and exhibit dramatic improvement of UV protection factor (UPF) values. Tensile test results indicated some improvement in the mechanical performance of the treated fabrics after long-term accelerated irradiation. The feasible and effective method developed in current research has great potential to improve the durability and performance of wool products.
A Promising Approach in Home Visiting to Support Families Affected by Maternal Substance Use.

Many factors influence women’s use of alcohol and other drugs while pregnant and postpartum. Substance use impacts the maternal-child relationship during the critical neonatal period. The first days and months of human development lay the foundation for health and well-being across the lifespan, making this period an important window of opportunity to interrupt the transmission of trauma and stress to the next generation. Pregnant and postpartum women with a history of substance use require specialized support services. The Team for Infants Exposed to Substance abuse (TIES) Program provides a holistic, multi-disciplinary, community-based model to address the complex needs of families with young children affected by maternal substance use. A multi-year implementation study of the model yielded results that indicate the effectiveness of this home-based family support intervention. The model focuses on reducing maternal alcohol and other drug use, increasing positive parenting, promoting child and maternal health, and improving family income and family housing. A key component of the model is establishing a mutual, trusting relationship between the home visiting specialists and the family. Foundational to the TIES model is a family-centered, culturally competent, trauma-informed approach that includes formal interagency community partnerships This article describes elements of the model that lead to high retention and completion rates and family goal attainment for this unique population.
Probability Theory and Some Useful Probability Distributions

Effective Bayesian inference requires familiarity with probability distributions. In fact, as will be seen in subsequent chapters, the most important choices in Bayesian inference usually involve the choices of distributions to represent the state of knowledge before data is collected (prior distribution) and the sampling distribution, also referred to as the data model, for the observable data. Hence in this chapter we will review some commonly used probability distributions. Readers already knowledgeable about probability distributions should skim this chapter to insure that they are comfortable with our notation and terminology.
Synovial fluid α defensin has comparable accuracy to synovial fluid white blood cell count and polymorphonuclear percentage for periprosthetic joint infection diagnosis.

Aims The aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of α defensin (AD) lateral flow assay (LFA) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) tests for periprosthetic joint infectio...
On-demand Knowledge Graphs for Standards-Based Power Grid Data Provisioning.

The evolution of the energy and utilities industry, comprising smart power grids and myriad distributed energy resources, bears parallels to Industry 4.0 digitalization. Replete with diverse data modalities, the grid industry has traditionally been steeped in standards defined to primarily govern information interchange between data systems and applications. We explore the practical application of Knowledge Graph technology to make these standards more actionable. This work-in-progress paper proposes and demonstrates the idea of on-demand knowledge graphs to provision clean, integrated power grid data, in accordance with IEC CIM standards, for an enterprise ML-based analytic solution targeting better response to storm-induced power outages.
An unusual presentation of non-IBD related colorectal primary extranodal diffuse large B cell lymphoma with a colo-colonic fistula

Diffuse large B cell lymphoma of the sigmoid colon and rectum is relatively uncommon and aggressive. Due to its nonspecific symptomatology, patients are often diagnosed late into the disease and present with life-threatening complications, such as hemorrhage, obstruction, or perforation, requiring emergent surgical intervention. Patients with colorectal lymphoma typically have inflammatory bowel disease or immunosuppression. We present a case of a 79-year-old male with no known inflammatory bowel disease or immunosuppression, who had significant weight loss, diarrhea, and abdominal fullness, found by CT to have irregular wall thickening of the recto-sigmoid colon along with a colo-colonic fistula, concerning for bowel perforation. Endoscopic evaluation and biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of recto-sigmoid Diffuse large B cell lymphoma, with a PET/CT scan revealing stage IV disease. He had a partial response to six cycles of palliative reduced dose R-CHOP and is currently receiving palliative radiation to the sigmoid colon and rectum. Surgery and/or chemoradiation remain the mainstay therapy for this condition. Clinicians, however, must consider patient’s functional, nutritional, and clinical status prior to choosing an optimal therapeutic regimen. This case illustrates a unique clinical presentation of this condition and the associated diagnostic and therapeutic challenges that arise in order to prevent life-threatening complications.
The Mega Mesospheric Parachute

The current understanding and modeling of the upper reaches of the atmosphere is incomplete. Upper atmospheric interactions with the lower atmosphere, effects of ionizing radiation, high altitude cloud phenomena, and the dynamical interaction with the magnetosphere require greater definition. The scientific objective of obtaining a greater understanding of the upper atmosphere can be achieved by designing, implementing, testing, and utilizing a facility that provides long period in-situ measurements of the mesosphere. Current direct sub-sonic measurements of the upper atmosphere are hampered by the approximately one minute sub-sonic observation window of a ballistic sounding rocket regardless of the launch angle. In-situ measurements at greater than transonic speeds impart energy into the molecular atmospheric system and distort the true atmospheric chemistry. A long duration, sub-sonic capability will significantly enhance our ability to observe and measure: (1) mesospheric lightning phenomena (sprites and blue jets) (2) composition, structure and stratification of noctilucent clouds (3) physics of seasonal radar echoes, gravity wave phenomena (4) chemistry of mesospheric gaseous ratio mixing (5) mesospheric interaction of ionizing radiation (6) dynamic electric and magnetic fields This new facility will also provide local field measurements which complement those that can be obtained through external measurements from satellite and ground-based platforms. The 400 foot (approximately 130 meter) diameter lightweight mega-mesospheric parachute system, deployed with a sounding rocket, is proposed herein as a method to increase sub-sonic mesospheric measurement time periods by more than an order of magnitude. The report outlines a multi-year evolving science instrumentation suite in parallel with the development of the mega meso-chute facility. The developmental issues surrounding the meso-chute are chiefly materials selection (thermal and structural) and deployment mechanism physics. Three mission cases were conceived and developed to include cost and schedules estimates. Each scenario has increasing scientific utility with paralleling launch weight, parachute hang-time, deployment altitude, and parachute size: (1) Case #1: $8.4M@24 months, 6kg payload, 20 min., 50km alt., 80 m. dia. (2) Case #2: $10.4M@24 months, 6kg payload, 20 min., 60km alt, 130m. dia. (3) Case #3: $13.6M@36 months, 30kg payload, 30 min., 90km alt., 200m. dia. The initial breakout cost for the parachute system is approximately $2M@24 months. This report identifies that although the challenges of the mega-meso-chute may be difficult, they can be surmounted and valuable results can be achieved.
Polyoxometalate Hybrid Nano-Building Blocks for Extreme Ultra-Violet Photoresists

Extreme Ultra-violet Lithography (EUVL), regardless of some setbacks, has continued its push as a viable option for next generation nodes of photolithography. Utilizing a 13.5nm wavelength, EUV is still showing promise as a natural progression of optical lithography in the semiconductor industry. Despite this upside, EUVL also has its drawbacks, one of which includes the development of a suitable photoresist material. The development and characterization of polyoxometalate (POM) hybrid nano-building blocks (NBBs) shows great potential as a candidate for improving the patterning of semiconductor devices using EUVL. Octamolybdate macromolecules were synthesized using literature methods. These primary materials were modified for improvements using a combination of physical mixtures with photoacids (resist sensitivity) and epoxide (mechanical stability). In addition, tellurium atoms (EUV absorption) were incorporated chemically and will be explored with similar mixtures to better understand the relatively limited knowledge of POM materials as functional photoresists and dielectric materials.
Soil Relative Dating of Moraine and Outwash-terrace Sequences in the Northern Part of the Upper Arkansas Valley, Central Colorado, U.S.A.

Profile development indices for soils developed in moraines and outwash near Twin Lakes and in outwash near Leadville support the correlation of moraines with subdued morphology and two high outwash terraces with the Bull Lake glaciation (ca. 130-160 ka) and the correlation of hummocky moraines and two low outwash terraces with the Pinedale glaciation (ca. 14-47 ka). Elsewhere in the northern part of the upper Arkansas Valley, glacial sequences are correlated by mapping outwash terraces near the mouths of major tributaries of the Arkansas River. Near Twin Lakes, indices for soils on low, outer lateral moraines suggest that the older Pinedale glaciers extended beyond the margin of high, younger Pinedale lateral moraines with hummocky topography. A few subdued moraines near Twin Lakes and Leadville probably record one or more glaciations significantly older than the Bull Lake. The downvalley extent of Pinedale glaciers in the Mosquito Range on the east side of the Arkansas Valley is uncertain: most likely, Pinedale glaciers were almost as extensive as Bull Lake glaciers but built no prominent terminal moraines at their maximum positions.
Higher-Order Substitution Tree Indexing

We present a higher-order term indexing strategy based on substitution trees. The strategy is based in linear higher-order patterns where computationally expensive parts are delayed. Insertion of terms into the index is based on computing the most specific linear generalization of two linear higher-order patterns. Retrieving terms is based on matching two linear higher-order patterns. This indexing structure is implemented as part of the Twelf system to speed-up the execution of the tabled higher-logic programming interpreter. Experimental results show substantial performance improvements, between 100% and over 800%.
Liquid Crystalline Thermosets

Liquid crystalline thermosets are a new class of materials currently under investigation in a number of research laboratories. Various types of these materials have been described, including liquid crystalline thermosets with epoxy, acrylate and methacrylate, maleimide and nadimide, vinyl, isocyanate and cyanate ester, and ethynyl end groups. These materials have two structural features, a cross-linked network and liquid crystalline order, which can have a profound influence on each other. The formation of a network during the cross-linking reaction can have a strong influence on the liquid crystalline structure of the final cured material. In addition, the liquid crystalline structure can have a strong influence on the kinetics of the cure reaction. The liquid crystalline structure also affects the properties of the cured material. For example, fracture toughness is increased and permeability to various liquids is decreased, although the nature of these changes depends on the liquid crystalline phase and the exact morphology of the system. Liquid crystalline thermosets may also be oriented using external fields, such as surfaces, electric fields, and magnetic fields. Orientation has the potential to provide a new processing route for thermosets, leading to unique properties unattainable with conventional thermosets. Keywords: thermoset; liquid crystal; epoxy; acrylate; fracture toughness; permeability; orientation
Post-Transcriptional Control of Interferon Synthesis

Abstract Low to moderate doses of cycloheximide had a stimulatory effect on interferon production in rabbit kidney cell cultures treated with double-stranded polyinosinate-polycytidylate (poly I:poly C). A very marked stimulation occurred in the presence of a dose of cycloheximide inhibiting amino acid incorporation into total cellular protein by about 75%. Higher doses of cycloheximide caused a shift in interferon release towards later intervals and a gradual decrease in the overall degree of stimulation. An even greater increase in the amount of interferon produced was observed if cells were treated with cycloheximide for only 3 to 4 hr immediately after their exposure to poly I:poly C. Under the latter conditions, a rapid burst of interferon production occurred after the reversal of cycloheximide action. Treatment with a high dose of actinomycin D before the reversal of cycloheximide action caused a further increase and a marked prolongation of interferon production. It is postulated that inhibitors of protein synthesis suppress the accumulation of a cellular regulatory protein (repressor) which interacts with the interferon messenger ribonucleic acid mRNA and thereby prevents its translation. Therefore, active interferon mRNA can apparently accumulate in rabbit kidney cells which, after exposure to poly I:poly C, are kept in the presence of an inhibitor of protein synthesis. Some of this accumulated interferon mRNA can be translated during a partial block of cellular protein synthesis, but its most efficient translation occurs after the reversal of the action of the protein synthesis inhibitor.
Radical cystectomy for BCG failure: has the timing improved in recent years?

Objective • To analyse if there is a trend in recent years towards performing radical cystectomy (RC) before muscle invasion or extravesical spread after failure of bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) for high grade Ta/T1 bladder cancer. Although BCG is indicated for prophylaxis after endoscopic tumour resection there is still a risk of progression. Patients and methods • A retrospective analysis of our RC database (1992-2008) was performed to identify patients who underwent RC after receiving BCG. • Relevant clinical and pathological data for the patients with clinical stage Ta, T1 and/or Tis at initial transurethral resection of bladder tumour were analysed. • Pathological stage and survival for patients undergoing RC from 2003 to 2007 (group 2) were compared with those for patients operated between 1992 and 2002 (group 1). Results • A total of 152 patients were included (75 in group 2 and 77 in group 1). Both groups were similar in T-stage before BCG initiation, number of BCG cycles received and time interval to RC. • There was no change in the proportion of patients undergoing RC with ≥ pT2 bladder cancer in recent years (P= 0.5). • Fifty-two percent of group 2 and 43% of group 1 had ≥ pT2 BC. The 5-year survival was similar. Conclusions • Despite concerns about delay in performing RC for patients failing one or more courses of BCG we have not observed a trend towards a lower pathological stage for patients undergoing RC after BCG. • A high proportion of patients have muscle-invasive bladder cancer; more than 10% have lymph node metastasis.
Interview with Leonard Harvey, MD, MBA.

William Byne: Access to care is a major contributor to LGBT health disparities, and adequate health insurance is a vital component of access. We would like for you to address several issues for our readers pertaining to insurance for sexual orientation and gender identity minority individuals. These include the impact of the Affordable Care Act— its provisions already in place—and those on preexisting conditions that will go into effect in 2014. We would also appreciate your views on coverage of same sex couples, gender transition services, and issues raised by recent proposals to systematically query and record LGBT status in electronic health records. Given your experience as a healthcare provider, your leading role in LGBT health advocacy through the Gay and Lesbian Medical Association (GLMA), together with your role as medical director for a major insurance company, you are uniquely qualified to address these issues.
Validation of Design and Analysis Techniques of Tailored Composite Structures

Aeroelasticity is the relationship between the elasticity of an aircraft structure and its aerodynamics. This relationship can cause instabilities such as flutter in a wing. Engineers have long studied aeroelasticity to ensure such instabilities do not become a problem within normal operating conditions. In recent decades structural tailoring has been used to take advantage of aeroelasticity. It is possible to tailor an aircraft structure to respond favorably to multiple different flight regimes such as takeoff, landing, cruise, 2-g pull up, etc. Structures can be designed so that these responses provide an aerodynamic advantage. This research investigates the ability to design and analyze tailored structures made from filamentary composites. Specifically the accuracy of tailored composite analysis must be verified if this design technique is to become feasible. To pursue this idea, a validation experiment has been performed on a small-scale filamentary composite wing box. The box is tailored such that its cover panels induce a global bend-twist coupling under an applied load. Two types of analysis were chosen for the experiment. The first is a closed form analysis based on a theoretical model of a single cell tailored box beam and the second is a finite element analysis. The predicted results are compared with the measured data to validate the analyses. The comparison of results show that the finite element analysis is capable of predicting displacements and strains to within 10% on the small-scale structure. The closed form code is consistently able to predict the wing box bending to 25% of the measured value. This error is expected due to simplifying assumptions in the closed form analysis. Differences between the closed form code representation and the wing box specimen caused large errors in the twist prediction. The closed form analysis prediction of twist has not been validated from this test.
ULTRAVIOLET MICROSCOPY OF BUDDING SACCHAROMYCES.

Abstract McClary, Dan O. (Southern Illinois University, Carbondale), Wilbert D. Bowers, Jr., and Glendon R. Miller. Ultraviolet microscopy of budding Saccharomyces. J. Bacteriol. 83:276–283. 1962.—Synchronous cell division was obtained in Saccharomyces by transferring starved cells into nutrient medium. Ultraviolet microscopy and Giemsa-stained preparations of these cells showed nuclear division to occur in the mother cell early in the budding process. The divided nucleus passed into the neck between the mother cell and the bud, and either fused together again or the two parts became so closely associated that one continuous dumbbell-shaped body was seen which seemed to divide by constriction. This effect was probably due to the retention of the intact nuclear membrane until nuclear division was otherwise complete. The nuclear apparatus lies outside the vacuole. The extent to which these bodies function together cannot be determined by the techniques employed in this work. Parallel experiments on meristematic cells of onion root tips show the reliability of these cytological methods.
Factors Affecting Science Teaching Efficacy of Preservice Elementary Teachers

(2003). Factors Affecting Science Teaching Efficacy of Preservice Elementary Teachers. Journal of Science Teacher Education: Vol. 14, No. 3, pp. 177-192.
Assessment of Myocardial Viability by Radionuclide Techniques

Ischemic cardiomyopathy associated with poor left ventricular (LV) function often presents a clinical management problem. There is overwhelming evidence that such patients have a poor prognosis when treated medically. Heart transplantation has now become a therapeutic alternative. However, the limited number of donor hearts makes this approach available to only the most qualified patients. On the other hand, it has been well documented that the long-term benefit of myocardial revascularization in this patient population is significantly better than medical treatment (Alderman et al. 1993). Because operative mortality remains high in these patients, the main concern is in the selection of those patients who will really benefit from revascularization.
Noninvasive peroneal sensory and motor nerve conduction recordings in the rabbit distal hindlimb: feasibility, variability and neuropathy measure.

The peroneal nerve anatomy of the rabbit distal hindlimb is similar to humans, but reports of distal peroneal nerve conduction studies were not identified with a literature search. Distal sensorimotor recordings may be useful for studying rabbit models of length-dependent peripheral neuropathy. Surface electrodes were adhered to the dorsal rabbit foot overlying the extensor digitorum brevis muscle and the superficial peroneal nerve. The deep and superficial peroneal nerves were stimulated above the ankle and the common peroneal nerve was stimulated at the knee. The nerve conduction studies were repeated twice with a one-week intertest interval to determine measurement variability. Intravenous vincristine was used to produce a peripheral neuropathy. Repeat recordings measured the response to vincristine. A compound muscle action potential and a sensory nerve action potential were evoked in all rabbits. The compound muscle action potential mean amplitude was 0.29 mV (SD ± 0.12) and the fibula head to ankle mean motor conduction velocity was 46.5 m/s (SD ± 2.9). The sensory nerve action potential mean amplitude was 22.8 μV (SD ± 2.8) and the distal sensory conduction velocity was 38.8 m/s (SD ± 2.2). Sensorimotor latencies and velocities were least variable between two test sessions (coefficient of variation = 2.6–5.9%), sensory potential amplitudes were intermediate (coefficient of variation = 11.1%) and compound potential amplitudes were the most variable (coefficient of variation = 19.3%). Vincristine abolished compound muscle action potentials and reduced sensory nerve action potential amplitudes by 42–57% while having little effect on velocity. Rabbit distal hindlimb nerve conduction studies are feasible with surface recordings and stimulation. The evoked distal sensory potentials have amplitudes, configurations and recording techniques that are similar to humans and may be valuable for measuring large sensory fiber function in chronic models of peripheral neuropathies.
Strong anomalous emission from He-like and H-like Ne in short-pulse laser-driven plasmas

We observe strong emission from the 1s2–1snp Rydberg series in He-like Ne and from the Lyman-α transition in H-like Ne. These emissions are observed when 1.05-μm light in a 600-fs laser pulse is focused into the dense, localized output of a pulsed supersonic nozzle. The maximum focal irradiance of our laser was measured at full power in vacuum to be 1.1 × 1018 W/cm2. Although emissions from lower charge states such as Ne6+ and Ne7+ closely follow rates predicted by tunneling theory, emissions from Ne8+ and Ne9+ are observed at irradiances 2 orders of magnitude below tunneling theory estimates. We discuss the origins of these anomalously high charge states and the implications to the development of short-pulse, ultrahigh-brightness x-ray sources.
Revisiting the development of time sharing using a dual motor task performance.

(2006). Revisiting the Development of Time Sharing Using a Dual Motor Task Performance. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport: Vol. 77, No. 1, pp. 131-136.
Ultrashort hard x-ray pulses for time-resolved x-ray diffraction

We present some of our experimental results for the generation of picosecond x-ray pulses by means of a diode driven by ultrashort ArF laser pulses. Hard x-ray pulses with duration in the range 1-100 ps have been generated at a repetition rate of 300 Hz. Some applications of this system to picosecond time resolved x-ray diffraction from laser heated crystals are reported.© (1995) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
External iliac artery stenting: high incidence of concomitant revascularization procedures.

Objectives: To review immediate results, patency rates, hemodynamic success, and incidence of concomitant procedures with external iliac artery stenting (EIAS). Methods: Demographic features, category and clinical grade, Trans-Atlantic Inter-Society Consensus II classification lesion type, pre- and postprocedure ankle–brachial indices, and primary patency were compared between group 1 (EIAS without distal revascularization) and group 2 (EIAS with concomitant distal revascularization). Results: No mortality and a 100% immediate technical success rate was recorded in group 1 (n = 12) and group 2 (n = 24). Eleven patients (30.6%) also had stenting of the adjacent common iliac artery. Two thirds of group 2 patients required concomitant femoral or distal revascularization. Conclusions: No difference in stent patency rates was found between patients in group 1 versus group 2. Patients requiring EIAS tend to have more diffuse arterial disease necessitating complicated open reconstruction and/or distal revascular...
Electron relay in the photoinduced decomposition of a tunable perester

Abstract Evidence is provided from transient studies of Eosin (2′ t-butyl peroxy ester) (EoP) of a photochemically induced intramolecular electron transfer which anchimerically assists peroxide decomposition.
Sol–gel deposition and characterization of In6WO12 thin films

Abstract Indium tungsten oxide (In 6 WO 12 ) powders and thin films were prepared from a 2,4-pentanedione solution containing In(NO 3 )· x H 2 O and WCl 6 . X-ray diffraction results indicated that phase-pure In 6 WO 12 powder formed after drying and heating the solution at 900 °C. Glancing X-ray diffraction results indicated that thin-film samples prepared on fused quartz substrates at 600 and 700 °C contained a disordered fluorite-related phase whereas those prepared at 800 °C contained the ordered compound—In 6 WO 12 . Films prepared at 900 °C reacted with the substrate to form In 2 Si 2 O 7 . Despite the chemical and structural similarity of In 6 WO 12 to several indium-containing fluorite-related oxides, including In 2 O 3 , In 3 Sn 4 O 12 , and Ga 3− x In 5+ x Sn 2 O 16 , the resistivity of the films prepared in this study ranged from 70 to 720 Ω cm, which is several orders of magnitude higher than reported for the related oxides (approx. 10 −3 Ω cm). The band gaps of the films prepared at 600 and 700 °C were estimated from optical transmittance measurements to be 4.1 and 3.8 eV, respectively. Films prepared at 700 °C exhibited substantial coloration when exposed to n -butyl lithium whereas those prepared at 800 °C did not.
High strain rate response of rubber membranes

Abstract This paper investigates the propagation of axisymmetric waves of finite deformation in polyisoprene rubber membranes subjected to high speed impact. High speed photography is used to monitor the motion and to determine the evolution of stretch and particle velocity in membranes at impact speeds of up to 160 m/s, producing a maximum stretch >8. A constitutive model is developed through a semi-inverse method correlating experimental results with simulations. The potential for formation of wrinkles is also addressed.
Generalized Lorenz models and their routes to chaos. III. Energy-conserving horizontal and vertical mode truncations

To construct generalized Lorenz systems, higher-order modes in doubled Fourier expansions of a stream function and temperature variations must be considered. Selection of these modes is guided by the requirements that they conserve energy in the dissipationless limit and lead to systems that have bounded solutions. The previous study showed how to select the modes by using either vertical or horizontal mode truncations. In this paper, the most general method of horizontal and vertical mode truncations is presented and it is shown that the lowest-order generalized Lorenz system derived by this method is an eight dimensional system. An interesting result is that a route to chaos in this system is different than that observed in the original Lorenz model. Possible physical consequences of this result are discussed.
Chemokine and chemokine receptor gene expression indicates acute rejection of human cardiac transplants.

Background. Factors directing T-cell infiltration into allografts during acute rejection remain poorly defined. Chemokines have been shown to mediate leukocyte recruitment into allografts in animal models of rejection. The goal of this study was to test the presence and levels of chemokine and receptor gene expression in serial endomyocardial biopsy specimens from heart transplant patients and to correlate the levels observed with histopathologic rejection grade. Methods. Three hundred sixteen serial endomyocardial biopsy specimens from 30 heart transplant patients were obtained during the clinically scheduled surveillance heart biopsy program. The follow-up period was 1 year. The expression of interferon (IFN)-γ inducible protein (IP)-10, monokine induced by IFN-γ (Mig), interferon-inducible T-cell alpha chemoattractant (I-TAC), regulated on activation normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1, interleukin (IL)-8, and the receptors CXCR3 and CCR5 were tested using quantitative, real-time polymerase chain reaction. Biopsy samples were examined histologically to assign rejection grade. Results. Expression of IP-10, Mig, I-TAC, RANTES, CXCR3, and CCR5, but not MCP-1 and IL-8, increased significantly in both grade 2 and grade 3 rejection (P ≤0.0096). These increases returned to normal after treatment with pulse steroid therapy to treat the rejection episode. Conclusion. The expression of IP-10, Mig, I-TAC, RANTES, CXCR3, and CCR5 in cardiac allografts significantly correlates with the presence and grade of acute rejection.
Early mother-child attachment and behavior problems in middle childhood: the role of the subsequent caregiving environment.

The current study investigated associations between early mother–child attachment, as well as mother–child and teacher–child relationships, and internalizing and externalizing behaviors in middle childhood. Data from the NICHD Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development were used. Findings from a series of individual growth curve analyses revealed that attachment security was negatively related to internalizing and externalizing behaviors, while insecure/other and avoidant attachment were positively related to internalizing behaviors. In addition, longitudinal associations were found between mother–child and teacher–child relationships and internalizing and externalizing behaviors across middle childhood. Implications for attachment theory are discussed.
On asymptotic dimension with linear control

Abstract We construct a countable p-local group with a proper invariant metric whose Assouad–Nagata dimension is strictly greater than the asymptotic dimension with linear control. This solves Problem 8.6 from the list [4] . We study asymptotic dimension with linear control l - asdim ω that depends on a fixed ultrafilter ω on N . It turns out that the asymptotic Assouad–Nagata dimension is the supremum of l - asdim ω over all ω and the asymptotic dimension with linear control is the minimum of l - asdim ω over all ω.
Round cell sarcomas – Biologically important refinements in subclassification☆

Round cell sarcomas are a heterogeneous group of tumors that often affect children and young adults and, if untreated, often pursue a very aggressive clinical course. Specific subtypes of round cell sarcoma, like Ewing sarcoma or rhabdomyosarcoma, respond to well-defined therapeutic regimens so that proper classification is crucial for appropriate patient management. A subset of round cell sarcomas, however, lack specific clinical, morphologic, and immunophenotypic features and cannot be unequivocally classified based on such features. Systematic application of cytogenetics and molecular genetic techniques has allowed for the identification of an increasing number of genetically defined subgroups within this category of undifferentiated tumors. Although the clinical relevance of these molecular categories is yet to be proven, the systematic identification of lesions that share reproducible biologic, and often morphologic and immunophenotypic features, has great impact in terms of biologic understanding and coherent classification schemes, and will help to guide the potential development of rational new therapies. In this review we discuss the main categories of undifferentiated round cell sarcoma, in relation to Ewing sarcoma and its molecular variants, with particular emphasis on the genetic and biologic features of recently described entities including desmoplastic small round cell tumor and CIC-DUX4 as well as BCOR-CCNB3-associated round cell sarcomas. This article is part of a Directed Issue entitled: Rare Cancers.
Is Sustainable Development Possible in a Globalized World

Globalization, says a recent study, “is in danger of becoming, if it has not already become, the cliche of our times: the big idea which encompasses everything from global financial markets to the Internet but which delivers little substantive insight into the contemporary human condition.” That study, although lamenting that globalization “lacks precise definition,” nevertheless defines it as “a process (or set of processes) which embodies a transformation in the spatial organization of social relations and transactions — assessed in terms of their extensity, intensity, velocity and impact — generating transcontinental or interregional flows and networks of activity, interaction, and the exercise of power.” Public debates on globalization often generate more political heat than analytical light; yet we cannot avoid studying globalization for, as the Finnish scholar Raimo Vayrynen notes, “it is an important, pervasive historical trend whose consequences will be accentuated in the new millennium.”
Automated firmware testing using firmware-hardware interaction patterns

Firmware is low-level software which can directly access hardware and is often shipped with the hardware platform. This component of the system is increasing in scale and importance, and thus firmware validation is a critical part of system validation. Firmware validation relies on the interacting hardware components which are usually not available until the late design stages. This is generally addressed through co-simulating C/C++ based firmware code and HDL hardware models (including SystemC). However, this tends to be slow, and is further exacerbated by the large number of possible interleavings between the concurrent firmware and hardware threads. Typically, in the co-simulation, the scheduler, such as the SystemC scheduler, will only explore a single, or at best a small number of possible firmware-hardware interleavings and thus may miss critical bugs. In this paper we present an alternative approach to firmware validation that is based on automatically generating a test-set for the firmware with the goal of complete path coverage while considering its interactions with hardware and other firmware threads. It uses a service-function based Transaction Level Model (TLM) which has been used in the past for firmware-hardware codesign. The test generation is based on concolic testing which has been used successfully in software test generation. However, existing concolic testing tools are used for test-generation of sequential code, and cannot directly consider the interaction of other hardware/firmware threads with the target firmware thread during test generation. We address this limitation by exploiting specific interaction patterns between the firmware and hardware threads that can be analyzed from the TLM. We show how these patterns, along with the firmware and hardware threads are used to automatically generate a sequential program that is test-equivalent to the target firmware transaction and that can be used with a standard sequential program concolic test generator. The tests generated can be (i) directly used for the firmware transaction and (ii) account for the multi-threaded interactions. These interaction patterns are practically relevant as they occur often in practice in real firmware benchmarks such as Linux device driver code, and its interacting QEMU emulated hardware code. Finally, we demonstrate the efficacy of our techniques for these benchmarks through a practical implementation that is automated and built on top of Frama-C, a static code analyzer, and KLEE, a concolic testing tool.
Fertility and Menopausal Outcomes in Young Breast Cancer Survivors

Abstract Background Following treatment for breast cancer, many young women are interested in having a child. There are few data available regarding actual fertility and menopausal outcomes in young breast cancer survivors. We evaluated these outcomes among young breast cancer survivors in collaboration with the Young Survival Coalition, an international advocacy group for young women with breast cancer. Patients and Methods All registered Young Survival Coalition survivor members were sent a link to the survey about fertility issues for women with early-stage breast cancer via e-mail; 440 women who completed the survey were eligible for this analysis. Survey respondents were a median of 2.8 years from diagnosis. Mean age at breast cancer diagnosis was 32.6 years. Results Of the 440 women in this cohort, 247 women (56%) recalled that they had desired a future pregnancy at diagnosis, and 43 women (10%) took steps to preserve fertility. A total of 384 women (87%) received chemotherapy. A total of 295 women (67%) reported that they remained premenopausal, and an additional 33 women (8%) were receiving ovarian suppression therapy at the time of the survey. Since diagnosis, 70 women (16%) had been pregnant ≥ 1 time; 40 women (9%) had ≥ 1 live birth. Out of the 247 women who reported wanting a future pregnancy at diagnosis, 59 (24%) had become pregnant. Of the 60 women who reported having tried to become pregnant since diagnosis, 34 (57%) were successful. Conclusion Most young women remain premenopausal after breast cancer treatment, including chemotherapy. A relatively small percentage of women in this series had become pregnant; however, the median time since diagnosis was relatively short.
Experimental Study of Pressure Vessel Models Having Fabrication Flaws

Abstract : Twenty thin-walled circular cylindrical shell specimens were provided with end plates and were ruptured through the application of an internal hydrostatic pressure. The specimens were manufactured by electrodepositing nickel and incorporated simulated weld flaws. It was found that short flaws corresponding to a misalignment along weld seams running in the circumferential direction reduced the bursting pressure much less than similar flaws along weld seams running in the axial direction. As a matter of fact, in the former case the reduction in the bursting pressure was only of the order of magnitude of 5 percent when the flaw had a depth (or offset) of 3.5-times the wall thickness. (Author)
Object equality profiling

We present Object Equality Profiling (OEP), a new technique for helping programmers discover optimization opportunities in programs. OEP discovers opportunities for replacing a set of equivalent object instances with a single representative object. Such a set represents an opportunity for automatically or manually applying optimizations such as hash consing, heap compression, lazy allocation, object caching, invariant hoisting, and more. To evaluate OEP, we implemented a tool to help programmers reduce the memory usage of Java programs. Our tool performs a dynamic analysis that records all the objects created during a particular program run. The tool partitions the objects into equivalence classes, and uses collected timing information to determine when elements of an equivalence class could have been safely collapsed into a single representative object without affecting the behavior of that program run. We report the results of applying this tool to benchmarks, including two widely used Web application servers. Many benchmarks exhibit significant amounts of object equivalence, and in most benchmarks our profiler identifies optimization opportunities clustered around a small number of allocation sites. We present a case study of using our profiler to find simple manual optimizations that reduce the average space used by live objects in two SpecJVM benchmarks by 47% and 38% respectively.
Plasma addressing for flat-panel displays

An active-matrix technique that is functionally identical to an array of thin-film transistors (TFTs) but does not rely on semiconducting materials or the manufacturing processes normally associated with integrated circuits is described. The approach avoids the manufacturability problems that have hampered the development of large TFT displays. The new addressing technology relies on the properties of a confined, ionized gas, and is called plasma addressing (PA). It uses the gas to perform electrical switching. When the gas is in an ionized state, it is conducting; when in a deionized state, it is nonconducting. The difference between the conductivity of the gas in its conducting and nonconducting states is easily 10 orders of magnitude. When the cathode voltage is switched on and the gas is ionized, a properly located probe electrode appears electrically connected to the anode, which can be at ground potential. When the cathode voltage is reduced below the plasma sustaining voltage, the plasma is extinguished and the probe electrode is no longer connected to the anode. Thus, the cathode connection can be thought of as a control or 'gate' electrode. PA has been used to address twisted nematic and polymer-dispersed liquid crystals. The technology's inherently wide voltage range also allows it to be used for addressing thin-film electroluminescent films. >