cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Frakturen bei Patienten mit Meningomyelozele

Anhand von 3 Fallbeispielen aus der Spina-bifida-Ambulanz der Klinik fur Kinder und Jugendliche der Universitat Erlangen wird uber die Problematik von Frakturen bei Patienten mit Meningomyelozele sowie deren Therapiekonzept berichtet. In Ubereinstimmung mit Literaturberichten zeigen die Kasuistiken, das schwere Allgemeinreaktionen, lokale und systemische Entzundungsparameter und variable radiologische Befunde mit haufig ausgedehnter reaktiver Kallusbildung die Diagnosestellung von Frakturen bei Patienten mit Meningomyelozele, die nicht selten schmerzlos und ohne erinnerliches Trauma verlaufen, erheblich erschweren konnen. Differentialdiagnostisch kommen Osteomyelitis, maligne Knochentumoren und aneurysmatische Knochenzysten in Frage. Diskussion: Statische Belastung durch Geh-/ Stehtraining sowie die Verkurzung von Immobilisationsphasen stellen wichtige Faktoren in der Prophylaxe von Frakturen bei Meningomyelozyelepatienten dar. Das Therapiekonzept von Frakturen bei unserer Patientengruppe weist wesentliche Unterschiede zu den allgemeinen unfallchirurgischen und orthopadischen Richtlinien auf.
Disordered spatiotemporal processing in schizophrenics

Abstract Schizophrenics have been observed to process information slower than normal individuals. The present study evaluated spatiotemporal information processing by schizophrenics and normal controls by means of a contrast sensitivity task. Spatial frequency gratings (0.9, 3.8, 15 cycles/degree), temporally modulated at 0.0 stationary, 0.8, 3.25, 6.5, and 26.0 Hz, were presented to evaluate whether or not schizophrenics are deficient in processing patterns or temporal information. While the patterns were increasing linearly from 0% to to 30% contrast, the subjects were required to discern when pattern or temporal changes first occurred. A multivariate Analysis of Variance revealed that schizophrenics were poorer at detecting temporal changes between 3.25 and 6.5 Hz, whereas they were able to detect patterns better on the low and poorer on the high spatial frequencies compared to normals. No differences were obtained for the stationary pattern. These results are discussed in terms of abnormal sensory gating occurring during the critical duration of temporal integration.
PU.1 is not essential for early myeloid gene expression but is required for terminal myeloid differentiation

We have previously shown using gene targeting that PU.1 is essential for the development of lymphoid and myeloid lineages during fetal liver hematopoiesis. We now show that PU.1 is required for the maturation of yolk sac-derived myeloid progenitors and for the differentiation of ES cells into macrophages. The role of PU.1 in regulating target genes, thought to be critical in the development of monocytes and granulocytes, has been analyzed. Early genes such as GM-CSFR, G-CSFR, and myeloperoxidase are expressed in PU.1-/- embryos and differentiated PU.1-/- ES cells. However, the expression of genes associated with terminal myeloid differentiation (CD11b, CD64, and M-CSFR) is eliminated in differentiated PU.1-/- ES cells. Development of macrophages is restored with the introduction of a PU.1 cDNA regulated by its own promoter. The PU.1-/- ES cells represent an important model for analyzing myeloid cell development.
MEMS resonant magnetic field sensor based on an AlN/F e G a B bilayer nano-plate resonator

This paper reports on the first demonstration of an ultra-miniaturized, high frequency (215 MHz) and high sensitivity MEMS resonant magnetic field sensor based on an AlN/FeGaB bilayer nano-plate resonator capable of detecting magnetic field at nano-Tesla level. Despite of the reduced volume and the high operating frequency of the sensor, high electromechanical performances were achieved (quality factor Q ≈ 511 and electromechanical coupling coefficient kt2 ≈ 1.63%). This first prototype was characterized for different magnetic field levels from 0 to 152 Oe showing a frequency sensitivity of ~ 1 Hz/nT and a limit of detection of ~ 10 nT.
Focused Microstrip Array Antenna Using a Dolph-Chebyshev Near-Field Design

A new concept in designing large array antennas to focus the microwave power in the radiation near-field region is presented. A small focused array antenna using microstrip patch elements to achieve the desired sidelobes levels in the Fresnel region based on Dolph-Chebyshev design is implemented. This array is built to verify the concept, and then the measured and computed near fields are compared to verify the accuracy of the design. Larger arrays are designed by using the knowledge of the mutual admittances between the elements of smaller arrays. Several computed examples are presented in order to show some properties of focusing arrays. It is shown that the maximum intensity of the electric field along the axial direction is displaced from the focal point towards the antenna aperture. This displacement decreases as the aperture size increases.
Insulin is present in chicken eggs and early chick embryos.

We showed that insulin appears in the chick embryo before β-cells are recognizable, as well as in the egg constituents even before fertilization. Acid-ethanol extracts of 2- to 8-day-old embryos were gel-filtered on Sephadex G-50. The peak of immunoreactive insulin chromatographed in a position corresponding to that of authentic insulin. The immunoreactive insulin extracted from embryos was approximately 2 ng/g wet wt during early embryogenesis (days 2, 3, and 4), with a 2- to 3- fold increase by days 5 and 6, in conjunction with pancreatic development. The heads of the embryos contributed 22–23% of the total insulin on days 3 and 4, but only 5% by day 5. Based on its reactivity in a pork insulin RIA, chicken insulin RIA, and rat adipocyte bioassay, we concluded that the material is very similar to avian (chicken or turkey) rather than mammalian type insulin. Similar immunological and biological insulin-like activity [but at much lower concentrations (0.2–0.8 ng/ml)] were recovered from the gel-filtered a...
Partition of excitation energy in peripheral heavy-ion reactions

Abstract The partition of excitation energy between target-like and projectile-like primary fragments from 11 MeV/nucleon 20 Ne + 197 Au quasi-elastic reactions was determined from kinematic analyses of three-body final states. Projectile breakup following stripping, pickup, and inelastic scattering was studied, and the excitation-energy partition was found to be strongly correlated with the direction of the mass transfer. Results are in quantitative agreement with optimum- Q -value calculations.
Heterogeneity, Group Size and Collective Action: The Role of Institutions in Forest Management

Collective action for sustainable management among resource-dependent populations has important policy implications. Despite considerable progress in identifying factors that affect the prospects for collective action, no consensus exists about the role played by heterogeneity and size of group. The debate continues in part because of a lack of uniform conceptualization of these factors, the existence of non-linear relationships, and the mediating role played by institutions. This article draws on research by scholars in the International Forestry Resources and Institutions (IFRI) research network which demonstrates that some forms of heterogeneity do not negatively affect some forms of collective action. More importantly, IFRI research draws out the interrelations among group size, heterogeneity, and institutions. Institutions can affect the level of heterogeneity or compensate for it. Group size appears to have a non-linear relationship to at least some forms of collective action. Moreover, group size may be as much an indicator of institutional success as a precondition for such success.
Stratospheric Residence Time of Strontium-90: An overall average residence time of 0.7 {+/-} 0.1 year was observed during the period 1958 through 1960.

An over-all average stratospheric residence time for Sr/sup 90/ of 0.7 plus or minus 0.l year was observed during the period of l958 through 1960. Measurements were made of the Sr/sup 90/ concentrations in the entire series of rainfalls that occurred at Fayetteville, Arkansas, during this period. (C.H.)
Global expression analysis of EBV-infected B cells early and late after infection reveals a dynamic interplay between growth and survival signals

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a member of the γ-herpesvirus family estimated to infect 90% of the world’s adult population. Despite the high prevalence of infection, EBV-associated malignancies are largely kept in check by a strong cytotoxic T cell immune response. However, EBV causes lymphoproliferative disease in immune-deficient individuals following transplant and CNS and other lymphomas in HIV-infected individuals. EBV also plays a role in the pathogenesis of endemic African Burkitt’s lymphoma, Hodgkin’s disease, and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. In vitro, EBV infection of primary human B cells results in proliferation and outgrowth of indefinitely proliferating lymphoblastoid cell lines, or LCLs, which represent a viable model for the pathogenesis of EBV-associated malignancies. Ongoing studies in our group have shown that the earliest EBV-infected proliferating B cells differ greatly from LCLs phenotypically. Using CFSE staining and flow cytometry-based sorting, we have isolated these early proliferating B cells and analyzed genome-wide exon level mRNA expression relative to uninfected resting B cells and LCLs. Gene ontology analysis of these expression data identified enrichment of genes associated with proliferation and the DNA damage response in early proliferation. Furthermore, c-Myc mRNA and activity, as inferred from its genome-wide expression signature, were also highly induced early. Most interestingly, however, analysis of changes from early proliferating to final LCL outgrowth revealed striking attenuation of proliferative gene sets and c-Myc, along with delayed induction kinetics of NFκB activation. Specifically, genes with NFκB motifs in their promoters were highly expressed from early proliferating B cells to LCL and many canonical NFκB targets and pathway components were induced at late times after infection. These results suggest a novel, dynamic EBV-driven growth pattern and expression program that relies on mutually exclusive signals from c-Myc and NFκB. Furthermore, our data suggest that the earliest stages of EBV-driven B cell immortalization may provide unique insight into the pathogenesis of EBV-associated malignancies.
Health-related quality of life of mothers of very low birth weight children at the age of five: results from the Newborn Lung Project Statewide Cohort Study

Purpose This study aimed to determine the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in mothers of 5-year-old very low birth weight (VLBW) and normal birth weight (NBW) children, with a focus on the role of stress.
The WAGxDA rat: An animal model of cholinergic supersensitivity

A heightened response to the muscarinic effects of acetylcholine appears to be involved in many of the symptoms associated with affective disorders. We have developed an animal model for cholinergic supersensitivity to study this involvement in more detail. Our findings on cholinergic supersensitivity and on behavioral despair in this model, the WAGxDA F1 hybrid, are reported here. Female WAGxDA rats show a heightened response to muscarinic agonist in a temperature depression test (TDT) and both males and females show an increased level of inherent despair in a Porsolt swim test; however, this cholinergic supersensitivity does not appear to be based on an increased density or affinity of cholinergic receptors. Other possible mechanisms are discussed.
A simple model of Birkeland currents

The paper develops a simple representation of the global circuit of Birkeland currents on the basis of a representation of the current density (j) in terms of Euler potentials (alpha, chi). The underlying magnetic field, which shares the potential alpha with j, is assumed to be dipolar, making the model applicable chiefly to region 2 Birkeland currents. A form of j is chosen that gives a current sheet with peak outflow at dawn and peak inflow at dusk (or vice versa), connected across a flat polar cap sheet. The superposition of harmonics of the same type, centered at different 'foci', are found to provide a flexible and powerful representation of harmonic functions, accurate within less than 1 percent. An interpolation formula by which current sheets of finite width could be consistently represented is developed.
Aneurysm of Pericardial Right Ventricular Outflow Tract Patches

Among 1,022 patients who underwent repair of tetralogy of Fallot, 252 received a pericardial patch of the right ventricular outflow tract; of these, 10 subsequently developed an aneurysm of the right ventricular outflow tract. Cardiac catheterization and angiography revealed moderate pulmonary insufficiency in all patients, a residual pressure gradient in the right ventricular outflow tract in 7, and a residual ventricular septal defect in 2 patients. Reoperation was indicated in 8 patients because of progressive distention of the aneurysm, residual infundibular or pulmonary artery stenosis, and recurrent ventricular septal defect. Reconstruction of the right ventricular outflow tract was accomplished by resection of the aneurysm and insertion of a woven Dacron patch in 5 patients, primary suture of the pulmonary artery in 2, and implantation of a woven Dacron conduit containing a Bjork-Shiley cardiac valve prosthesis in 1 patient. There were no early or late deaths. When reconstruction of the right ventricular outflow tract is necessary, we recommend a woven Dacron patch because pericardium may form an aneurysm.
Attitude Measurement by Semantic Differential on a Bipolar Scale

Summary Does it really make any difference whether one uses adverb or numerical responses for Osgood's semantic differential? Eighty-two male and female undergraduates used numerical scales and 79 used adverb scales on a semantic differential to express their feelings on a questionnaire designed primarily as a text evaluation instrument for introductory sociology. A high intercorrelation between the total scores of the adverb and numerical scale indicated that either is predictable from the other, a finding reinforced by comparing the mean responses for adjective items. The results also indicated a tendency for adverb responses to cluster at the extremes, a finding similar to that of previous research. However, a factor analysis of the 14 adjective items indicated that adverb and numerical scales measure different dimensions, as Osgood originally indicated.
Stability and tension considerations regarding cover soils on geomembrane lined slopes

Abstract The occurrence of cover soil instability in the form of sliding on geomembranes is far too frequent. Additionally, there have been cases of wide width tension failures of the underlying geomembranes when the friction created by the cover soil becomes excessive. While there are procedures available in the literature regarding rational design of those topics, it is felt that a unified step-by-step perspective might be worth while. It is in this light that this paper is written. Included are four separate, but closely interrelated, design models. They are the following: 1. • cover soil stability on side slopes when placed above a geomembrane, • cover soil reinforcement provided by either geogrids or geotextiles, • wide width tension mobilized in the geomembrane caused by the interface friction of the soils placed above and below the geomembrane,and • circumferential tension mobilized in the geomembrane by subsidence of the subgrade material beneath the geomembrane. Each of these designs are developed in detail and a numeric problem is framed to illustrate the design procedure. Emphasized throughout the paper is the need for realistic laboratory test values of interface friction, in-plane tension and out-of-plane tension of the geomembranes. By having realistic experimental values of allowable strength they can be compared to the required, or design, strength for calculation of the resulting factor-of-safety against instability or failure.
Preferential inhibition of growth and protein synthesis in Rous sarcoma virus transformed cells by diphtheria toxin.

Abstract Protein synthesis in Rous sarcoma virus-transformed cultured chick embryo cells is shown to be more sensitive to diphtheria toxin than protein synthesis in normal chick embryo fibroblasts. Similarly, cells from viral-induced sarcomas are more sensitive to diphtheria toxin than cells from normal tissues of the same chicken. Diphtheria toxin inhibits the growth of virus-transformed chick cells in culture at a concentration that has no effect on control cells.
Core-bound polymeric micellar system based on photocrosslinking of thymine

Bioinspired core-bound polymer micellar aggregates were synthesized by photocrosslinking thymine-functionalized cores using short UV irradiation; H-bonding between thymines in the core is also believed to increase micellar aggregate stability.
Keepers of the American Dream: A Study of Staff Development and Multicultural Education

The American Dream in the 1980s staff development for multicultural education the teachers in their classrooms experiencing staff development looking for effects of staff development in the classroom a second year of staff development preserving the American Dream multicultural education, staff development and a new American Dream.
Rash and Liver Dysfunction Related to Lamotrigine Therapy

Objective: To report a case of rash and liver dysfunction associated with lamotrigine treatment. Case Summary: An 81-year-old woman with a history of bipolar disorder presented to the emergency department with complaints of fever, chills, nausea, and headache. Two weeks prior to presentation, liver enzymes were normal. Lamotrigine 50 mg/day and sustained-release bupropion 200 mg/day were started after discontinuation of citalopram. The patient had previous exposure to bupropion and documented rash with exposure to penicillin and sulfa. On admission, laboratory tests revealed slightly elevated liver enzymes and slightly low serum albumin. All medications were continued. On hospital day 3, a diffuse maculopapular rash developed on the patient's chest, abdomen, neck, and upper extremities, which was pruritic and warm to the touch. Both lamotrigine and bupropion were discontinued. Liver enzymes increased to more than 3 times the upper limit of normal, and serum albumin decreased. Liver function tests improved on day 6, and the rash resolved. Discussion: Predictive risk factors associated with lamotrigine-induced rash and liver dysfunction include rapid dose titration, previously reported rash with other medications, age, and concurrent interacting medications. More serious adverse effects, such as Stevens-Johnson syndrome and fulminant hepatic failure, have also been associated with lamotrigine treatment. If rash appears at any time during treatment, lamotrigine must be discontinued. According to the Naranjo probability scale, an association between lamotrigine and rash and liver dysfunction could be considered probable in this case. Conclusions: A faster than recommended dose titration may lead to lamotrigine-induced adverse effects such as rash and liver dysfunction in patients with risk factors.
Effects of illumination system aberrations on proximity XRL images

The aberrations of a typical condenser system for proximity X-ray lithography are obtained through ray-tracing and their effect on the overlay and linewidth control is analyzed. The main effect of the illumination systems aberrations is run-out error due to the slope of the wavefront aberration and the error is of the order of 2 nm.
The Effects of Clouds on the Diurnal Variation of Underwater Irradiances on Horizontal Surfaces

Abstract Measurements of underwater downwelling D, underwater upwelling U, both at 5 m, and surface down-welling irradiance I were taken over most of a 5-day period in August and September 1974 south and west of Bermuda. On clear days D/I reached a pronounced maximum at local noon, whereas U/I had a weak minimum at midday. On cloudy days both of the above ratios were larger at all times of the day and did not exhibit the midday maximum. An absorption model for D/I is constructed by decomposing I into components from the sun, clear sky and clouds. The major differences between the components is their spectral and radiance distributions. Atmospheric water vapor and sea surface roughness effects are included. The model agrees with the experimental values of D/I to within 5% of I for A the data, and it reproduces the variation of this ratio with solar zenith angle and cloud cover.
IRM: The Integrated Reference Model for Open Systems Environments

This paper reports results of a study of reference models for representing open system environments (infrastructures). One of the issues considered in this paper is how to compare particular reference models known in the literature. We propose a set of features of reference models on which to base such comparisons. We have found that in some cases, due to the ambiguity of definitions, it is difficult to assess whether a particular model has some features or not, and that none of the five analyzed models possesses all the features listed in this paper. As a result, we developed the Integrated Reference Model (IRM) which capitalizes on the concepts included in the previously developed models. We provide a description of the basic components of the IRM and suggest directions for refining the model if necessary. We analyze the IRM from the point of view of the desirable features of reference models. We also outline ways in which the IRM could be used in the processes of the design of software infrastructures and in developing software using infrastructures.
Strong density-dependent competition and acquired immunity constrain parasite establishment: implications for parasite aggregation.

Abstract The vast majority of parasites exhibit an aggregated frequency distribution within their host population, such that most hosts have few or no parasites while only a minority of hosts are heavily infected. One exception to this rule is the trophically transmitted parasite Pterygodermatites peromysci of the white-footed mouse ( Peromyscus leucopus ), which is randomly distributed within its host population. Here, we ask: what are the factors generating the random distribution of parasites in this system when the majority of macroparasites exhibit non-random patterns? We hypothesise that tight density-dependent processes constrain parasite establishment and survival, preventing the build-up of parasites within individual hosts, and preclude aggregation within the host population. We first conducted primary infections in a laboratory experiment using white-footed mice to test for density-dependent parasite establishment and survival of adult worms. Secondary or challenge infection experiments were then conducted to investigate underlying mechanisms, including intra-specific competition and host-mediated restrictions (i.e. acquired immunity). The results of our experimental infections show a dose-dependent constraint on within-host–parasite establishment, such that the proportion of mice infected rose initially with exposure, and then dropped off at the highest dose. Additional evidence of density-dependent competition comes from the decrease in worm length with increasing levels of exposure. In the challenge infection experiment, previous exposure to parasites resulted in a lower prevalence and intensity of infection compared with primary infection of naive mice; the magnitude of this effect was also density-dependent. Host immune response (IgG levels) increased with the level of exposure, but decreased with the number of worms established. Our results suggest that strong intra-specific competition and acquired host immunity operate in a density-dependent manner to constrain parasite establishment, driving down aggregation and ultimately accounting for the observed random distribution of parasites.
Impact of the glucocorticoid receptor BclI polymorphism on reward expectancy and prediction error related ventral striatal reactivity in depressed and healthy individuals.

There is evidence that reward-related neural reactivity is altered in depressive disorders. Glucocorticoids influence dopaminergic transmission, which is widely implicated in reward processing. However, no studies have examined the effect of glucocorticoid receptor gene polymorphisms on reward-related neural reactivity in depressed or healthy individuals. Fifty-nine depressed individuals with major depressive disorder (n=33) or bipolar disorder (n=26), and 32 healthy individuals were genotyped for the glucocorticoid receptor BclI G/C polymorphism, and underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging during a monetary reward task. We examined the effect of the glucocorticoid receptor BclI G/C polymorphism on reward expectancy (RE; expected outcome value) and prediction error (PE; discrepancy between expected and actual outcome) related ventral striatal reactivity. There was a significant interaction between reward condition and BclI genotype (p=0.007). C-allele carriers showed higher PE than RE-related righ...
A stochastic formulation to Telegrapher's Equation in higher dimensions

Accuracy of Kac's telegrapher's process approach for the non-zero velocity was demonstrated in II. Although this process can recover 1D TE and other boundary conditions for this approach can be developed, the approach could not be applied in higher dimensions. Although Kac's randomized wave equation solution meets analytical TE solution in higher dimensions as well, we did not mention it since it does not avoid solving the wave equation which is no easier than solving TE. The PRW on the other hand also governs 1D TE in the continuum limit, but not in 2D. We showed that Plyukhin's modification to the state transitions reads (9), i.e. the probabilities of states at a time step depend also on cross derivative terms at the previous step. A test case to validate the modified PRW model in (9) is the simple 2D wave propagation in free-space. The free-space Green's function solution for an impulse excited at time t = 0 from the origin of the xy-plane is demonstrated in Figure 5. Corresponding stochastic solution to the above case along with the case with partially reflecting/absorbing boundary conditions will be demonstrated at the symposium.
Regulators of G protein signalling: potential targets for treatment of allergic inflammatory diseases such as asthma

Asthma, a disease that affects nearly 15% of the world's population, is characterised by lung inflammation and reversible airway obstruction, which leads to wheezing and dyspnoea. Asthma is a prototype for allergic processes initiated by tissue inflammatory leukocytes, such as mast cells, whose secreted mediators recruit lymphocytes and eosinophils to the lung parenchyma. Signals transmitted through G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) contribute to both the development and perpetuation of allergic processes, and pharmacological agents that block or stimulate GPCR action have been a mainstay of allergic disease therapy. Despite the widespread use of GPCR-targeted agents, little is understood about intracellular regulation of G protein pathways in immune cells. Regulators of G protein signalling (RGS proteins) enhance G protein deactivation and may contribute to the specificity and precision characteristic of GPCR signalling pathways. This review discusses the emerging functions of RGS proteins in immune processes and inflammatory states such as asthma, and their potential value as therapeutic targets for the treatment of allergic disease.
A Prediction on the Strength of Glass Following the Formation of Subsurface Flaws by Scribing

An analysis is presented to predict the strength of glass after subsurface cracking is produced by drawing a lightly loaded angular particle across the surface. It is shown that the presence of subsurface cracks combined with the residual stresses introduced by such scratches under very small loads greatly lowers the strength of glass. The predicted ranges of tensile strength for soda–lime glass in dry and moist environments are in agreement with typical values in the literature.
Recognition of the Peripheral Self by Naturally Arising CD25+ CD4+ T Cell Receptors

Naturally arising CD25+ CD4+ regulatory T cells (TR) play an important role in the prevention of autoimmunity. TCR specificity is thought to play a critical role in TR development and function, but the repertoire and specificity of TR TCRs remain largely unknown. We find by sequencing of TRAV14 (Valpha2) TCRalpha chains associated with a transgenic TCRbeta chain that the TRand CD25- CD4+ TCR repertoires are similarly diverse, yet only partially overlapping. Retroviral expression of TCRalpha genes in TCR transgenic RAG-deficient T cells revealed that a high frequency of TCRs derived from CD25+ but not CD25- CD4+ T cells confers the ability to rapidly expand upon transfer into a lymphopenic host. Thus, these data show that a large proportion of naturally arising TR have substantially more efficient interactions with MHC class II bound peptides from the peripheral self than CD25- T cells.
MHD modeling of magnetized target fusion experiments

Summary form only given. Magnetized Target Fusion (MTF) is an alternate approach to controlled fusion in which a dense /spl sim/10 e 17-18 cm-3, preheated /spl sim/200 eV, and magnetized /spl sim/100 kG target plasma is hydrodynamically compressed by an imploding liner. If electron thermal conduction losses are magnetically suppressed, relatively slow /spl sim/1 cm/microsecond "liner-on-plasma" compressions may be practical, using liners driven by inexpensive pulsed power. Target plasmas need to remain relatively free of potentially cooling contaminants during formation and compression. Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) calculations including detailed effects of radiation, heat conduction, and resistive field diffusion have been used to model separate static target plasma (Russian MAGO, Field Reversed Configuration at Los Alamos National Laboratory) and liner implosion experiments (without plasma fill), such as recently performed at the Air Force Research Laboratory (Albuquerque). Using several different codes, proposed experiments in which such liners are used to compress such target plasmas are now being modeled in one and two dimensions. In this way, it is possible to begin to investigate important issues for the design of such proposed liner-on-plasma fusion experiments. The competing processes of implosion, heating, mixing, and cooling will determine the potential for such MTF experiments to achieve fusion conditions.
An experiment in hybrid position/force control of a six DOF revolute manipulator

A hybrid position/force control algorithm was implemented on a PUMA 600 series robot. Multiple processors were used to increase the sampling frequency of the control algorithm. The force control algorithm used the hand Jacobian and hand frame force measurement fingers mounted in a gripper to control the forces and moments applied by the end effector. The position control algorithm used the Lagrange-Euler formulation of the dynamics of the arm to control the joint space trajectory of the arm. The algorithms' performance was evaluated using a proportional controller for the force control half and a proportional-derivative controller for the position control half. Several programs were written to show various force and position tracking abilities. >
Exploring independent component analysis for electric load profiling

Electric load profile separation is important in the deregulated environment where competing entities need to assess the load demands based on partial knowledge of the system. We show that independent component analysis (ICA) allows us to estimate the loads using only a small set of active line flow measurements. ICA yields an unbiased statistical description of load behavior which can be explored for analysis, planning and economic purposes.
When the ‘information revolution’ and the US security state collide Money laundering and the proliferation of surveillance

For law enforcement agencies, the ‘information revolution’ is eroding their capacity to regulate money laundering, thereby undermining their ability to combat drug trafficking and terrorism. They argue that without enhanced surveillance powers, these problems will be exacerbated. This emphasis on the control problems precipitated by technology distorts our understanding of the relationship between the ‘information revolution’ and money laundering, much of which has been fuelled not by technology but by the dynamic interaction between technology developments and ongoing changes in criminal justice policy and the US state. An alternative narrative is sketched: the escalation of the US’s failed ‘War on Drugs’ has been a key factor driving both money laundering and the proliferation of surveillance countermeasures. In this context, information and communication technologies have been key resources/sites of struggle for both money launderers and law enforcement. The expansion of surveillance powers will do lit...
A Note on the Relation between Risk Aversion, Intertemporal Substitution and Timing of the Resolution of Uncertainty

Epstein and Zin (1989) axiomatization allows the distinction between risk aversion and intertemporal substitution. Kreps and Porteus (1978) one introduces the concept of timing of resolution of uncertainty. This paper proposes to generalize the link between these three concepts.
Human Interindividual Variability-A Major Source of Uncertainty in Assessing Risks for Noncancer Health Effects

For noncancer effects, the degree of human interindividual variability plays a central role in determining the risk that can be expected at low exposures. This discussion reviews available data on observations of interindividual variability in (a) breathing rates, based on observations in British coal miners; (b) systemic pharmacokinetic parameters, based on studies of a number of drugs; (c) susceptibility to neurological effects from fetal exposure to methyl mercury, based on observations of the incidence of effects in relation to hair mercury levels; and (d) chronic lung function changes in relation to long-term exposure to cigarette smoke. The quantitative ranges of predictions that follow from uncertainties in estimates of interindividual variability in susceptibility are illustrated.
The Standard Generalized Markup Language: Basic Concepts

Text processing and word processing systems typically require additional information to be interspersed among the natural text of the document being processed. This added information, called “markup,” serves two purposes: 1. Separating the logical elements of the document; and 2. Specifying the processing functions to be performed on those elements.
A Bijection Between Partially Directed Paths in the SymmetricWedge and Matchings

We give a bijection between partially directed paths in the symmetric wedge y = ±x and matchings, which sends north steps to nestings. This gives a bijective proof of a result of Janse van Rensburg, Prellberg, and Rechnitzer that was first discovered through the corresponding generating functions: The number of partially directed paths starting at the origin confined to the symmetric wedge y = ±x with k north steps is equal to the number of matchings on [2n] with k nestings.
From Under-Diagnoses to Over-Representation: Black Children, ADHD, and the School-To-Prison Pipeline

This study argues that the under-diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactive disorder in Black children is a result of racism that is structurally and institutionally embedded within school policing policies and the tendency to not recognize Black illness. The purpose of this research is to examine how micro-processes lead to structural inequality within education for Black children. It seeks to better understand how institutional racism and flawed behavioral ascriptions lead to the under-diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD) in Black children and how that may also contribute to their over-representation in the “school-to-prison pipeline.” The goal of this study was to review ethnographic, empirical data and examine the ways (1) how racism within some schools may contribute to the under-diagnosis of ADHD in Black children, (2) how their under-diagnosis and lack of treatment leads to their over-punishment, and (3) how they are over-represented in today’s school-to-prison pipeline phenomenon, possibly as a result of such disparities.
Strength of Composite Beams at Web Openings

A model for the strength of steel-concrete composite beams with unreinforced, rectangular web openings is presented. The model includes the contribution of the concrete slab to shear strength, as well as flexural strength. Steel is represented as an elasto-plastic material with no strain hardening. Openings may be concentric or eccentric with respect to the steel section. Comparisons are made with test results. The model provides realistic, and generally conservative, predictions of the strength for the test beams. The contribution of the concrete slab to shear strength at an opening must be included to obtain a realistic model.
Structural phase diagram for ultra-thin epitaxial Fe3O4 / MgO(0 0 1) films: thickness and oxygen pressure dependence.

A systematic investigation of the thickness and oxygen pressure dependence for the structural properties of ultra-thin epitaxial magnetite (Fe3O4) films has been carried out; for such films, the structural properties generally differ from those for the bulk when the thickness ≤10 nm. Iron oxide ultra-thin films with thicknesses varying from 3 nm to 20 nm were grown on MgO (0 0 1) substrates using molecular beam epitaxy under different oxygen pressures ranging from 1 × 10−7 torr to 1 × 10−5 torr. The crystallographic and electronic structures of the films were characterized using low energy electron diffraction (LEED) and x-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS), respectively. The quality of the epitaxial Fe3O4 ultra-thin films was judged by magnetic measurements of the Verwey transition, along with complementary XPS spectra. It was observed that under the same growth conditions the stoichiometry of ultra-thin films under 10 nm transforms from the Fe3O4 phase to the FeO phase. In this work, a phase diagram based on thickness and oxygen pressure has been constructed to explain the structural phase transformation. It was found that high-quality magnetite films with thicknesses ≤20 nm formed within a narrow range of oxygen pressure. An optimal and controlled growth process is a crucial requirement for the accurate study of the magnetic and electronic properties for ultra-thin Fe3O4 films. Furthermore, these results are significant because they may indicate a general trend in the growth of other oxide films, which has not been previously observed or considered.
ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY AFTER AORTIC VALVE REPLACEMENT: INCIDENCE, RISK FACTORS AND OUTCOMES

We sought to evaluate the incidence, predictors, and outcomes of acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients undergoing aortic valve replacement (AVR). We retrospectively reviewed 1667 consecutive patients who underwent AVR between 2000-2012. Patient demographic, clinical, and survival were analyzed. AKI
Fabrication of polymeric micro-photonic structures on the tip of optical fibers

A method is described for fabricating truly three-dimensional micro-photonic structures directly onto the end face of an optical fiber.
Anisotropic uniaxial pressure effects in YBa2Cu3O7−δ

We present measurements of the uniaxial pressure dependence ofT c of untwinned YBa2Cu3O7−δ crystals with various oxygen stoichiometries. For all samples investigated,T c decreases for pressure alonga, increases for pressure alongb, and, in oxygen deficient samples, increases strongly for pressure alongc. These results are compared to the behavior found in the La2−x Sr x CuO4 and YBa2Cu4O8 systems. Neither the model of pressure-induced charge transfer nor coupling to orthorhombic distortions can explain all the data. However, the presence of singularities in the electronic density of states close to the Fermi energy is a possible origin of the observed behavior. Our preliminary data on the pressure dependence of thec-axis and in-plane resistivities in twinned crystals are consistent with this view.
Intratree Regression Sampling Plans for the Citrus Red Mite (Acari: Tetranychidae) on Lemons in Southern California

Two sampling plans were developed to estimate rapidly populations of the citrus red mite, Panonychus citri (McGregor), within a tree. The first plan relies on the concept of a stable age distribution to allow prediction of the total population in a sample from the number of adult females. The second sampling plan is based on an infested-leaf index which predicts the total population of a sample from the proportion of leaves infested with at least one adult female on the lower surface. Both sampling plans reduce the time required to estimate populations and have applications in pest management and research on economic injury, where population levels must be monitored to determine their relationship to yield reductions.
The progress of epigenetics in rice

The mechanism of epigenetics was reviewed,including the formation conditions and mechanism of both DNA methylation and histone modification.The prospects of epigenetics in rice were also discussed.
Effect evaluation of community comprehensive prevention for AIDS

Objectives To explore the comprehensive prevention model for AIDS in community.Method We made use of community networks,established organizations,and launched different activities such as popularization by volunteers,square entertainment parties,scientific lectures,intervention for high risk behaviors,in order to integrate all sources in the community to prevent AIDS.Results The rate of awareness of AIDS was elevated from 74.08% to 91.92%;The residents of the community participated in activities of AIDS prevention actively and enthusiastically.The attitude towards subjects with HIV positive was changed.Conclusion Community comprehensive prevention is the effective model now in China.
Guiding synchrotron X-ray diffraction by multimodal video-rate protein crystal imaging.

Synchronous digitization, in which an optical sensor is probed synchronously with the firing of an ultrafast laser, was integrated into an optical imaging station for macromolecular crystal positioning prior to synchrotron X-ray diffraction. Using the synchronous digitization instrument, second-harmonic generation, two-photon-excited fluorescence and bright field by laser transmittance were all acquired simultaneously with perfect image registry at up to video-rate (15 frames s−1). A simple change in the incident wavelength enabled simultaneous imaging by two-photon-excited ultraviolet fluorescence, one-photon-excited visible fluorescence and laser transmittance. Development of an analytical model for the signal-to-noise enhancement afforded by synchronous digitization suggests a 15.6-fold improvement over previous photon-counting techniques. This improvement in turn allowed acquisition on nearly an order of magnitude more pixels than the preceding generation of instrumentation and reductions of well over an order of magnitude in image acquisition times. These improvements have allowed detection of protein crystals on the order of 1 µm in thickness under cryogenic conditions in the beamline. These capabilities are well suited to support serial crystallography of crystals approaching 1 µm or less in dimension.
Virtual U: defeating face liveness detection by building virtual models from your public photos

In this paper, we introduce a novel approach to bypass modern face authentication systems. More specifically, by leveraging a handful of pictures of the target user taken from social media, we show how to create realistic, textured, 3D facial models that undermine the security of widely used face authentication solutions. Our framework makes use of virtual reality (VR) systems, incorporating along the way the ability to perform animations (e.g., raising an eyebrow or smiling) of the facial model, in order to trick liveness detectors into believing that the 3D model is a real human face. The synthetic face of the user is displayed on the screen of the VR device, and as the device rotates and translates in the real world, the 3D face moves accordingly. To an observing face authentication system, the depth and motion cues of the display match what would be expected for a human face. We argue that such VR-based spoofing attacks constitute a fundamentally new class of attacks that point to a serious weaknesses in camera-based authentication systems: Unless they incorporate other sources of verifiable data, systems relying on color image data and camera motion are prone to attacks via virtual realism. To demonstrate the practical nature of this threat, we conduct thorough experiments using an end-to-end implementation of our approach and show how it undermines the security of several face authentication solutions that include both motion-based and liveness detectors.
Characterization of Conventional and Modern Curing Techniques in Concrete

Appropriate curing of concrete is of vital importance in development of desired material properties in concrete namely compressive strength, durability, and dense uniform microstructure. Improper and intermittent curing is considered as one of the major reasons for concrete failures as evident in the form of cracks that consequently lead to durability issues of structures. An experimental program was designed to study the behavior of concrete under various conventional and modern curing techniques. Numerous cylindrical specimens were tested with different conventional and modern curing techniques to quantify their effects on curing of concrete. Microstructural and compressive strength development analyses at different ages were conducted to monitor the effect of curing methods. This work is helpful in establishing the best curing techniques for attainment of compressive strength and durability in concrete.
Planning a national-level data collection protocol to measure outcomes for the Colorectal Cancer Control Program.

BACKGROUND The Colorectal Cancer Control Program (CRCCP) of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) funded 30 grantees to partner with health systems with the goal of increasing screening for colorectal cancer (CRC). METHODS Evaluators applied CDC's Framework for Program Evaluation to design a national level outcome evaluation for measuring changes in CRC screening rates in partner health systems. RESULTS The resulting evaluation design involves the collection and reporting of clinic-level CRC screening rates supplemented by various tools to support the reporting of high quality, reliable data. CONCLUSIONS The CRCCP evaluation represents a strong design to measure the primary outcome of interest, CRC screening rates, and public health practitioners can benefit from lessons learned about stakeholder involvement, data quality, and the role of evaluators in data dissemination.