cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An immunohistologic study of multiple myeloma and related conditions, using an immunoperoxidase method.

This study illustrates both some of the uses and the limitations of the immunoperoxidase method, and emphasizes the broad range of immunochemical findings that may be seen in B-cell neoplasia. Paraffin-embedded sections of bone marrow from 29 cases of various types of monoclonal gammopathy were examined by an immunoperoxidase method that permits demonstration of cytoplasmic immunoglobulin and yet preserves cellular morphology. In each case serial sections were stained for the presence of light and heavy chains, and the resulting staining pattern was compared with the serum and urinary immunoglobulin findings. In IgG and IgA monoclonal gammopathies and in macroglobulinemia there was good correlation between the observed pattern of cytoplasmic staining and the serum–urine monoclonal protein type. Anomalous staining patterns, in which there was no clear correlation between serum–urine monoclonal protein type and the immunoperoxidase staining pattern, were encountered in cases of IgD, light-chain and nonsecretory myeloma, and malignant lymphoma. Thus, using immunoperoxidase methods, antisera that clearly discriminate between the different immunoglobulin light and heavy chains in reactive plasma cell populations, and in the majority of cases of multiple myeloma, fail to recognize and distinguish the immunoglobulin components produced by certain neoplastic plasma cells. Several possible explanations for this observation are considered.
The Effect of Clostridium Histolyticum on the Tyrosine in Proteins

Weinberg and Seguin 1 in 1915 reported the isolation of Clostridium histolyticum (also called Bacillus histolyticus) from cases of gas gangrene in war wounds of French soldiers. It was described by them in 1916 2 and since then has been isolated many times. The French investigators considered it a type of soil organism, and recently it has been isolated from the soil in California.3 The name is derived from its
Temperature Profile Inversion From CO2 Spectral Intensities Through Levenberg-Marquardt Optimization and Tikhonov Regularization

In this study, we present an inverse calculation model based on the Levenberg-Marquardt optimization method with Tikhonov Regularization to reconstruct CO2 temperature profile and average concentration from measured line-of-sight spectral intensity data. The measured spectra were synthesized through calculations from HITEMP2010, the high-temperature spectral database, for the CO2 4.3 μm band. Although it has been shown Tikhonov regularization is suitable for the ill-posed inverse problem, it is difficult to select an appropriate regularization parameter, especially for the nonlinear problems. A new regularization selection method based on the combination of the L-curve criterion and the discrepancy principle is proposed and shows good generality for different temperature profiles inversion.
A cross-sectional investigation of the hepatitis B case reports

Objective To understand the quality of the Hepatitis B case reports,and provide a scientific evidence for regulating the report of viral hepatitis B and data utilization.Methods 556 network laboratory-reported hepatitis B cases in 2010 from15 hospitals at county-level or above were randomly selected and investigated.All cases were hospitalized cases.Based on the "Infectious diseases diagnosis standard WS-2008" newly revised by Ministry of Health,the diagnoses and the case reports were analyzed.Results Of the 556 cases,acute hepatitis B cases and chronic hepatitis B cases accounted for 6.83% and 60.79%,respectively.And unclassified cases occupied 32.37%.Chronic hepatitis B patients had relatively long medical history,55.33% of whom had been suffered from the hepatitis B for more than one year.In 556 cases,there were 248 cases which reached the standard of WS-2008,accounting for 44.60 %.The concordance rate of the diagnoses between clinicians and WS-2008 was 50.90 %.The difference of clinical diagnoses and "WS-2008"(Gold standard) had statistical significance(χ2=186.66,P 0.001).Conclusion The quality of the hepatitis B case reports was not good.Improving the diagnosis accuracy,reducing or avoiding the network reports of the chronic hepatitis cases will be conducive to improving analysis and utilization value of hepatitis B surveillance.
Ethical Considerations With African-american Elders

African American elders are a diverse group whose values and beliefs are part of the ethics of United States society. The interplay between these beliefs and the health care system offers many challenges for the geriatrician. Addressing issues of autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, truth-telling, confidentiality, and justice are important in caring for African American elders.
InAs Quantum Dot Lasers With Dry Etched Facet by Br-Ion Beam-Assisted Etching

The etching conditions of the AlGaAs materials in bromine ion beam-assisted etching (Br-IBAE) process have been determined. The etching rates can be varied from several nm/min to $\sim 300$ nm/min through controlling the bromine pressure and the substrate temperature. High-performance InAs quantum dot (QD) lasers have been grown by molecular beam epitaxy system. The broad area QD lasers are fabricated by standard photolithography and metallization processes, while the laser facets are formed by Br-IBAE dry etching process. With the dry-etched facets, the InAs QD lasers have a threshold current density $J_{\mathrm{ th}}$ , and slope efficiency, $\eta _{i}$ of 480 A/cm2 and 34%, respectively. The Br-IBAE dry etched facet reflectivity of 0.28 is obtained from fitting the $J_{\mathrm{ th}}$ versus reciprocal cavity length curves.
New antipsychotic medications : More than old wine and new bottles

Four new antipsychotic medications--clozapine, risperidone, olanzapine, and quetiapine--have been introduced in the United States during the past decade. These new medications now account for the majority of antipsychotic prescriptions. The author reviews specific issues related to the use of traditional antipsychotic medications and then highlights the emerging clinical research data regarding the new medications, which have all been shown to be efficacious in the treatment of schizophrenia. Clinical research data indicate that they are also more useful for a broader array of symptoms associated with schizophrenia than traditional compounds. Furthermore, movement disorder side effects are substantially decreased--a property that leads to higher acceptability. Surprisingly, there has been little relationship between the pivotal trials designed for FDA approval and current dosing strategies in broader clinical settings. These dosing issues are described. New uses, including treatment of mood disorders and conduct disorder, are also discussed. These medicines offer substantial hope for improved treatment of schizophrenia.
The Role of Self-Help Practice Exercises in Mental Health Interventions

A parallel advance in the field of mental health, in line within the advent of DW and homework assignments, has been the growth of self-help mental health sourcebooks or practice exercises. The practice exercises entail participants doing DW and receiving verbal or written feedback from professionals (L’Abate, 1991, 1992, 2001, 2002, 2004a, 2004b, 2007a, 2007b, 2007c; L’Abate & Goldstein, 2007). Many practice exercises for individuals are based on, and derived directly from, lists of symptoms found in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition (DSM-IV), as indicated in the Acknowledgments.
Structural Phase Stability Control of Monolayer MoTe2 with Adsorbed Atoms and Molecules

We study the adsorption of some common atoms and molecules onto monolayer MoTe2 and the potential for adsorption to induce a structural phase change between the semiconducting 2H-based and metallic 1T′-based crystal structures of the monolayer. Using density functional theory with spin–orbit and van der Waals energy contributions, we determined energetically favorable adsorption positions and orientations on the two crystalline phases of monolayer MoTe2. We then obtained the formation energies for these adsorption reactions and found that atomic adsorption generally favors 1T′ metallic phases while molecular adsorption favors semiconducting 2H phases. The phase sensitivity of this material is due to a relatively small energy difference, approximately 31 meV per MoTe2 formula unit. We further find that the monolayer alloy MoxW1–xTe2 can exhibit some degree of molecular selectivity in phase changes, potentially providing the basis for molecular sensing applications.
Daptomycin-Phosphatidylglycerol Domains in Lipid Membranes.

Daptomycin is an acidic, 13-amino acid, cyclic polypeptide that contains a number of nonproteinogenic residues and is modified at its N-terminus with a decanoyl chain. It has been in clinical use since 2003 against selected drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus spp infections. In vitro, daptomycin is active against Gram-positive pathogens at low concentrations but its antibiotic activity depends critically on the presence of calcium ions. This dependence has been thought to arise from binding of one or two Ca2+ ions to daptomycin as a required step in its interaction with the bacterial membrane. Here, we investigated the interaction of daptomycin with giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) composed 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine (POPC) and 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoylphosphatidylglycerol (POPG). We used fluorescence confocal microscopy to monitor binding of the peptide to GUVs and follow its effect on the membrane of the vesicle. We found that in the absence of POPG or Ca2+ daptomycin does not...
Phototransduction mutants of Drosophila melanogaster.

One of the least understood problems in sensory physiology still remains the transduction process, i.e. the mechanism by which the reception of sensory stimuli is linked to ionic events in the receptor membrane. Several years ago we decided to approach the problem of transduction in visual receptors with the use of mutants, because it seemed to us that alternative approaches to the study of receptors were badly needed. The approach is based on the notion that the gene represents the ultimate unit of physiological function. Thus, a single-step mutation alters or removes a unit of function. Ideally this allows one to study the system in the absence of a single component at a time. It is hardly necessary to detail the success this approach has had in elucidating cellular functions at the microorganismal level. More recently, this approach has been applied to explore the mechanisms of photosynthesis (Levine, 1968), bacterial chemotaxis (Adler, 1969), and protozoan motility (Kung, 1971). The present study and other studies of a similar nature (Benzer, 1967; Ikeda and Kaplan, 1970; Heisenberg, 1971) represent attempts to extend the technique of induced mutation to the nervous system and to the behaviour it subserves. Of all the processes of the nervous system, the receptor mechanism appeared to us to be one of the more logical places to attempt to apply the potentially powerful technique of induced mutation. Unlike more central processes of the nervous system, the receptor process is not likely to be complicated by such problems as neuronal plasticity, multiple pathways, and modifications by the environment.
Metal-polymer interface influences apparent electrical properties of nano-structured polyaniline films.

The interface between the conductive polymer, polyaniline (PAn-Cl), and gold, platinum, or an interceding layer of electrodeposited platinum on gold or platinum, markedly influences the apparent electrical properties and the electronic to ionic transition in physiological buffers. Polyester-supported, sputter-deposited gold and platinum thin films were laser patterned to yield co-planar Thin Film Electrodes (TFEs) suitable for platinization and deposition of PAn-Cl nanofibers. Electrodeposition of platinum from chloroplatinic acid (50 mC cm−2) onto gold produced larger feature sizes and larger surface roughness (23.5 nm) when compared to platinization of platinum (15.2 nm) and both similarly reduced interfacial impedance in water and physiologically relevant buffers, PBS and HEPES. UV-Vis characterization produced absorption edges (DI water 2.36 eV, PBS 2.64 eV, and HEPES 2.66 eV) reflective of the ionic strength of the medium. Thin films (23 ± 2 μm) of PAn-Cl nanofibers were deposited onto Au, Pt, Au|Pt, Pt|Pt TFEs and each characterized by Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) over the range 106–10−1 Hz at RT in air, DI water, PBS, and HEPES buffers and by multiple scan rate cyclic voltammetry (MSRCV) in PBS. Platinized gold and platinized platinum decorated with PAn-Cl behaved quite differently in these test environments confirming a role for the contacting surface roughness/nano-topography in influencing apparent electrical properties. Equivalent circuit modeling of EIS data revealed a modified Randles circuit (R(QR)) of low chi-square values (<0.05) that rationalized the capacitance and membrane resistance and confirmed that platinization of gold served to increase the PAn-Cl apparent resistance while platinization of platinum served to decrease the PAn-Cl apparent resistance.
Assessment of cattle welfare: Common animal-based measures

Abstract Animal welfare audits have been used in the beef and dairy industry to assure consumers that the meat and milk is safe, and that the animals are well cared for. Increasingly, audits have moved away from process control toward measurements of welfare. For cattle, assessment of locomotion, hygiene, injury and body condition have become commonplace. This chapter discusses the reasoning for the inclusion of these metrics in an assessment of cattle welfare, describes the efforts made to make assessment of these parameters reliable, summarizes the available benchmarks for each outcome and investigates the pros and cons of the different sampling strategies being used. Ultimately, audits should strive for continuous improvement and the achievement of excellence, rather than settling for the propagation of mediocrity.
Neuromodulation: Optimizing Surgical Outcomes and Risk Reduction

Neuromodulation involves the minimally invasive permanent implantation of a neurostimulator to provide relief of chronic pain. To optimize surgical outcome, the implanting physician should be adequately trained, select appropriate patients, understand potential complications, and provide patient education, and medical wellness should be assured, to reduce risks for the surgery. Steps to reduce the potential for bleeding, infection, or paralysis should be taken by the implanting physician preoperatively, intraoperatively, and postoperatively.
Alterations in Cortical Thickness and Subcortical Volume are Associated With Neurological Symptoms and Neck Pain in Patients With Cervical Spondylosis

BACKGROUND:Advanced cervical spondylosis (CS) can cause structural damage to the spinal cord resulting in long-term neurological impairment including neck pain and motor weakness. We hypothesized long-term structural reorganization within the brain in patients with CS. OBJECTIVE:To explore the associations between cortical thickness, subcortical volumes, neurological symptoms, and pain severity in CS patients with or without myelopathy and healthy controls (HCs). METHODS:High-resolution T1-weighted structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans from 26 CS patients and 45 HCs were acquired. Cortical thickness and subcortical volumes were computed and compared to the modified Japanese Orthopedic Association (mJOA) and the Neck Disability Index (NDI) scores. RESULTS:Cortical thinning within the superior frontal gyrus, anterior cingulate, precuneus, and reduction in putamen volume were associated with worsening neurological and pain symptoms. Among the strongest associations were cortical thickness within the left precuneus (R2 = 0.34) and left and right putamen (R2 = 0.43, 0.47, respectively) vs mJOA, and the left precuneus (R2 = 0.55), insula (R2 = 0.57), and right putamen (R2 = 0.54) vs NDI (P ≤ .0001 for all). Cortical thickness along Brodmann areas 3a, 4a, and 4p were also moderately associated with mJOA. Preliminary evidence also suggests that patients with CS may undergo cortical atrophy at a faster rate than HCs. CONCLUSION:Patients with CS appear to exhibit cortical thinning and atrophy with worsening neurological and pain symptoms in specific brain regions associated with sensorimotor and pain processing.
Development and Validation of the Genetic Counseling Self-Efficacy Scale (GCSES).

This study describes the development of a self-efficacy scale that is specific to genetic counseling and based both on Bandura’s self-efficacy theory (2006) and the Accreditation Council for Genetic Counseling practice-based competencies (2013). The phase 1 validation compared genetic counseling students (n = 20) and genetic counselors (n = 18). Nine items were removed from the scale at this point for lack of discrimination or redundancy. The phase 2 validation included a larger cohort of genetic counseling students (n = 168). Factor analysis identified six factors accounting for 58% of the total variance. Cronbach’s alpha as well as the inter-item correlations and item-total correlations of both the full scale items and underlying factors indicated that the items and factors of the scale are sufficiently related, but not redundant. The newly developed Genetic Counseling Self-Efficacy Scale (GCSES) has the potential to be used as an outcome measure in research related to training or professional development of genetic counselors as well as for a training tool.
Teachers' Perceptions of Factors Affecting Their Adoption and Acceptance of Mobile Technology in K-12 Settings.

ABSTRACTFactors influencing the adoption and acceptance of tablets as a mobile technology were explored one year after their integration in middle schools in Palestine. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 teachers. The participants held a variety of attitudes toward accepting mobile technologies in their instruction. The findings revealed that teachers' attitudes are an important factor in accepting or rejecting tablet use in classrooms. Many factors influenced teachers' attitudes such as technical support, instructional assistance, and infrastructure. A teacher's prior experience with tablets was also important for integrating technology into the classroom.
Late coronary artery reperfusion has additive beneficial effects on infarct expansion when combined with early angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor therapy post myocardial infarction.

Background: Individually, late coronary artery reperfusion and early angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor therapy prevent infarct expansion post myocardial infarction (MI). Objectives: To examine the effect of late reperfusion on infarct expansion when added to early ACE inhibitor therapy post MI. Methods: Rats were randomized into two groups: Reperfusion group: rats underwent coronary artery occlusion followed by reperfusion 2 hours after MI, a time too late to reduce infarct size. A control group: rats underwent permanent coronary artery occlusion followed by a sham operation 2 hours after MI. All rats received enalapril (2.0 ± 0.2 mg/kg) daily in drinking water, started immediately after the second operation. Rats were sacrificed 2 weeks after coronary occlusion. Hearts were arrested and fixed at a constant pressure, then sectioned and photographed for morphometric analysis. Results: Infarct size was similar in the reperfusion and control groups (23 ± 2 vs 26 ± 2%, p = NS). Septal thickness was also similar in both groups (1.8 ± 0.1 vs 1.8 ± 0.1 mm, p = NS). There was a trend towards thicker infarcts in the reperfusion group compared to the control group (0.84 ± 0.06 vs 0.72 ± 0.05 mm, p = 0.1). Compared to early ACE inhibition alone, late reperfusion combined with early ACE inhibition limited infarct expansion (expansion index, 1.13 ± 0.12 vs 1.44 ± 0.14, p < 0.05), prevented left ventricular (LV) dilation (LV volume, 0.30 ± 0.02 vs 0.39 ± 0.03 ml, p < 0.01) and prevented LV hypertrophy (LV weight, 0.71 ± 0.18 vs 0.77 ± 0.20 gm, p < 0.05). Conclusions: Late coronary artery reperfusion prevents infarct expansion, LV dilation and hypertrophy even when added to early ACE inhibitor therapy post MI. This suggests that late reperfusion may be beneficial in patients with acute MI treated with early ACE inhibitor therapy.
13C Kinetic Isotope Effects as a Quantitative Probe To Distinguish between Enol and Enamine Mechanisms in Aminocatalysis

A combination of experimental 13 C kinetic isotope effects (KIEs) and high-level density functional theory (DFT) calculations is used to distinguish between "enamine" and "enol" mechanisms in the Michael addition of acetone to trans-β-nitrostyrene catalyzed by Jacobsen's primary amine thiourea catalyst. In light of the recent findings that the widely used 18 O-incorporation probe for these mechanisms is flawed, the results described in this communication demonstrate an alternative probe to distinguish between these pathways. A key advantage of this probe is that quantitative mechanistic information is obtained without modifying experimental conditions. This approach is expected to find application in resolving mechanistic debates, while providing valuable information about the key transition state of organocatalyzed reactions involving the α-functionalization of carbonyls.
Abstract 1209: Interleukin-6 Reduces Myocardial Glucose Metabolism by Altering AMPK, Insulin Signaling, and PKC-{theta} in Mice

Increasing evidence implicates the role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of diabetes and complications. Inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α) are elevated in obese diabetic subjects, and are shown to modulate glucose metabolism in peripheral organs. In this report, we examined the effects of IL-6 on cardiac metabolism and insulin action in vivo. Male C57BL/6 mice were intravenously treated with IL-6 (16 ng/hr) or saline (control) for 2 hrs, and [ 14 C]2-deoxyglucose was intravenously injected in awake mice to measure myocardial glucose metabolism (n=9~10). Hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps (2.5 mU/kg/min insulin infusion) were also performed in IL-6 or saline-treated mice (n=4~5) to measure cardiac insulin action. Acute treatment with IL-6 caused a 25% increase in myocardial STAT3 activity and significantly reduced basal myocardial glucose metabolism (Fig. 1; * P 0.05). IL-6 treatment also reduced insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in heart, and these effects were associated with marked decreases in AMPK activity (Thr-phosphorylation of AMPK; Fig. 2) and IRS-1 tyrosine phosphorylation (Fig. 3). Acute IL-6 treatment increased myocardial expression of PKC-𝛉, which has been shown to mediate insulin resistance in peripheral organs (Fig. 4). These results indicate that IL-6 is a potent negative regulator of myocardial glucose metabolism and insulin action, and the underlying mechanism may involve IL-6 mediated activation of PKC-𝛉 and defects in AMPK and insulin signaling activity. Thus, our findings suggest a potential role of IL-6 in the pathogenesis of diabetic heart failure.
What Lies Beneath: Why Some Pressure Injuries May Be Unpreventable for Individuals With Spinal Cord Injury.

Abstract Objective To investigate intersections between pressure injury (PrI) history, muscle composition, and tissue health responses under physiologically relevant loading conditions for individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI). Design Repeated measures study design with annual follow-up for up to 3 years. Setting Tertiary care center. Participants Persons with SCI (N=38). Exclusion criteria included having an open pelvic region PrI at the time of recruitment, presence of systemic disease, and/or known sensitivity to contrast. Interventions Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures Gluteal muscle composition, ischial interface pressures, tissue oxygenation. Results Ischial region mean interface pressures are the same for individuals with or without a PrI history. Tissue oxygenation is lower during sitting for persons with a PrI history. Individuals with >15% gluteal intramuscular fat were statistically highly significantly (P Conclusions Soft-tissue compositional changes, specifically IMAT, provides a reliable indicator of PrI history and may provide a key to personalized PrI risk status for persons with SCI. The current findings confirm that interface pressure mapping alone is a limited indicator for PrI development.
Connecting theory to the signal dynamics of interferometric diffuse correlation spectroscopy (Conference Presentation)

Diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) is an emerging technique that allows for estimation of the motion of particles. By monitoring the time course of the speckle intensity fluctuations, the motion of the scattering particles, usually red blood cells in the microvasculature of biological tissues, can be quantified. Though these measurements are traditionally taken at near infrared wavelengths, where the attenuation of light by tissue chromophores, primarily hemoglobin, is reduced, the multiply scattered field is still heavily attenuated and expensive photon counting detectors are required to measure the signal intensity. By decreasing the cost of these systems, they may be more applicable in measuring patient hemodynamics at the bedside. Other groups have explored the use of heterodyne techniques [1,2] to amplify the intensity of the scattered field for detection with less expensive detectors, showing the potential for lowering the cost of DCS systems. Here we detail the performance characteristics of a single mode fiber (SMF) interferometer as well as follow through to investigate the theoretical relationship between the measured correlation function and the underlying dynamics. DCS measurements in the traditional homodyne configuration made with photon counting detectors are compared with those made with the interferometer with the photon counting detectors to explore experimental parameters that optimize the SNR of the blood flow index. The feasibility of utilizing fast photodiodes in the detection of the amplified field is also explored. Through the use of amplified optical signals, the detection of the DCS signal using less expensive detectors is shown to be possible. References: 1. Nakaji, H. US Application. No. 15/424581 (2017). 2. Zhou, W., Kholiqov, O., Chong, S. P. & Srinivasan, V. J. Highly parallel, interferometric diffusing wave spectroscopy for monitoring cerebral blood flow dynamics. Optica 5, 518 (2018).
The geologic history of Bennu

Early observations of the near-Earth asteroid Bennu by NASA’s OSIRIS-Rex mission, in particular those described in two articles led by Bathouin and Walsh, reveal Bennu’s complicated geological history – from ancient impacts to past epochs of rapid rotation and deformation, present day thermal breakdown, and more.
A Novel Framework to Automatically Generate Executable Web Services From BPMN Models

Enterprise resource planning (ERP) is a business process management system in which integrated applications are used to manage business processes in a shared data environment. ERP systems usually deal with the two types of business processes, i.e., exchange and conversion. In the exchange process, economic resource, such as product, exchanges to another economic resource, such as the sales process. In a conversion process, an enterprise consumes resources in order to produce new resources, such as the distribution process. Generally, the communication between ERP applications, based on the conversion and exchange processes, is accomplished through Web services. In this context, the implementation of Web services in ERP systems is a complex task. To manage this, the business process model and notation (BPMN) are frequently utilized to simplify the development of ERP applications. However, state-of-the-art BPMN approaches usually deal with the modeling of exchange processes without considering the conversion process. Furthermore, the model transformation solution to automatically generate Web services from the BPMN models are hard to find in the literature. Therefore, in this paper, a novel framework is proposed that supports the modeling of both exchanges as well as conversion processes through BPMN. Particularly, a modeling approach is introduced to represent the ERP processes through BPMN concepts. Subsequently, the rules are developed to convert source BPMN models into target Service-oriented architecture Modeling Language (SoaML) models. Finally, transformation rules are developed to generate fully functional executable Java Web services from SoaML models. As a part of the research, a complete open-source BPMN to Web services transformation (B2W) tool is developed to automatically generate the Web services from the high-level BPMN models. The proposed framework is validated through multiple case studies. The experimental results prove that the proposed framework accurately generates Web services from the BPMN models, which eventually helps in developing the ERP systems with simplicity.
Splenic infarction in babesiosis: A rare presentation

Babesiosis is a protozoan parasitic infection transmitted by the Ixodes tick. Splenic infarction is a rare, but potentially life-threatening complication of babesiosis; it is therefore vital that this complication is recognized.
Abstract P103: Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk Reduction in High Risk Populations: A Resident Driven Quality Improvement Initiative

Background: Current guidelines recommend statins for patients with clinical ASCVD and more specifically, to target LDL-C levels <70mg/dL. However, recent studies suggest that overall statin usage i...
The U.S.- China trade war: tariff data and general equilibrium analysis

Abstract The current trade war between the United States and China is unprecedented in modern history. This study introduces a database of tariff increases resulting from the trade war and quantifies the impacts using the canonical GTAPinGAMS model calibrated to the recently released GTAP version 10 accounts. We find that the remaining tariff increases as of March 2020 after the phase one trade deal decrease welfare in China by 1.7% and welfare in the United States by 0.2%. Impacts on sectoral revenue are reported for both countries. China's exports to and imports from the United States are reduced by 52.3% and 49.3%. The trade flow between the United States and China will be diverted to their major trade partners resulting in higher welfare in those countries, including many Asian countries. The estimated impacts are robust to using alternative trade elasticities and are amplified in the absence of the phase one tariff reductions.
Bystanders Against Cyberbullying: a Video Program for College Students

In the present study, we tested the effectiveness of a Theory of Planned Behavior-based cyberbullying bystander video on three outcomes: joining the bully, helping the victim, and doing nothing as compared to a control group. University students (M = 23.68 years old; female = 78.7%), were randomly assigned to a cyberbullying bystander (n = 113) or an alcohol control (n = 112) video. The bystander video showed students defining and depicting four types of cyberbullying (malice, public humiliation, deception, and unwanted contact) with bystanders present and giving suggestions for positive responses when witnessing cyberbullying. Participants completed surveys prior to viewing the video, immediately following the video, and 1 month later. Positive attitudes, favorable injunctive norms, and perceived behavioral control regarding doing nothing when witnessing cyberbullying were significantly lower for the cyberbullying than control group immediately following the video. Further, the experimental group reported higher intentions to help the victim and lower intentions to do nothing when witnessing cyberbullying compared to the control group. Although mean differences for some of these effects were in the same direction at 1-month follow-up, no significant differences were found. Findings are discussed in terms of implications and future directions for cyberbullying intervention programs targeting improvements in bystander behavior.
Compact Fast-Switching DC and Resonant RF Drivers for a Dual-Mode Imaging and HIFU 2D CMUT Array

We developed previously a 2D CMUT array with capability to both do imaging and generate HIFU for ablation of targeted tissues without collateral damage. This new technology allows a more compact HIFU system, when compared to conventional systems composed of HIFU transducers made of PZT, cooling systems for PZT and additional imaging guidance systems. In this paper we present new dc and RF power electronics that drive our 2D CMUT array. The new electronics are significantly more compact and capable of fast-switching between imaging and HIFU mode.
Gene-environment interactions due to quantile-specific heritability of triglyceride and VLDL concentrations

"Quantile-dependent expressivity" is a dependence of genetic effects on whether the phenotype (e.g., triglycerides) is high or low relative to its distribution in the population. Quantile-specific offspring-parent regression slopes (βOP) were estimated by quantile regression for 6227 offspring-parent pairs. Quantile-specific heritability (h2), estimated by 2βOP/(1 + rspouse), decreased 0.0047 ± 0.0007 (P = 2.9 × 10-14) for each one-percent decrement in fasting triglyceride concentrations, i.e., h2 ± SE were: 0.428 ± 0.059, 0.230 ± 0.030, 0.111 ± 0.015, 0.050 ± 0.016, and 0.033 ± 0.010 at the 90th, 75th, 50th, 25th, and 10th percentiles of the triglyceride distribution, respectively. Consistent with quantile-dependent expressivity, 11 drug studies report smaller genotype differences at lower (post-treatment) than higher (pre-treatment) triglyceride concentrations. This meant genotype-specific triglyceride changes could not move in parallel when triglycerides were decreased pharmacologically, so that subtracting pre-treatment from post-treatment triglyceride levels necessarily created a greater triglyceride decrease for the genotype with a higher pre-treatment value (purported precision-medicine genetic markers). In addition, sixty-five purported gene-environment interactions were found to be potentially attributable to triglyceride's quantile-dependent expressivity, including gene-adiposity (APOA5, APOB, APOE, GCKR, IRS-1, LPL, MTHFR, PCSK9, PNPLA3, PPARγ2), gene-exercise (APOA1, APOA2, LPL), gene-diet (APOA5, APOE, INSIG2, LPL, MYB, NXPH1, PER2, TNFA), gene-alcohol (ALDH2, APOA5, APOC3, CETP, LPL), gene-smoking (APOC3, CYBA, LPL, USF1), gene-pregnancy (LPL), and gene-insulin resistance interactions (APOE, LPL).
Navigating Publishing Critical Health Communication Research

Publishing critical health communication scholarship comes with challenges. In reflecting on my own experiences, I discuss the ways in which health communication is designed to favor post-positivistic research. Through looking at reviewer comments and general academic conversations, I discuss the barriers critical health communication scholars face. In the end, I provide suggestions for ways that critical health communication scholars can move forward as leaders in our subfield.
Reopening Colleges and Universities During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

In their article, Cheng and colleagues present the plan for reopening colleges and universities in Taiwan. There are important differences between Taiwan and other countries, but residential colleges and universities present similar challenges to pandemic control for all. Considering how well Taiwan has managed COVID-19 overall, the editorialists believe that the plan for safely reopening colleges and universities in Taiwan offers important principles.
Trends in Health Care Worker Intentions to Receive a COVID-19 Vaccine and Reasons for Hesitancy.

This survey study queried employees of a health care system before COVID-19 vaccine distribution to assess their intentions to receive a vaccine and to understand their reasons for hesitancy to do so.
Time-Aware Q-Networks: Resolving Temporal Irregularity for Deep Reinforcement Learning.

Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) has shown outstanding performance on inducing effective action policies that maximize expected long-term return on many complex tasks. Much of DRL work has been focused on sequences of events with discrete time steps and ignores the irregular time intervals between consecutive events. Given that in many real-world domains, data often consists of temporal sequences with irregular time intervals, and it is important to consider the time intervals between temporal events to capture latent progressive patterns of states. In this work, we present a general Time-Aware RL framework: Time-aware Q-Networks (TQN), which takes into account physical time intervals within a deep RL framework. TQN deals with time irregularity from two aspects: 1) elapsed time in the past and an expected next observation time for time-aware state approximation, and 2) action time window for the future for time-aware discounting of rewards. Experimental results show that by capturing the underlying structures in the sequences with time irregularities from both aspects, TQNs significantly outperform DQN in four types of contexts with irregular time intervals. More specifically, our results show that in classic RL tasks such as CartPole and MountainCar and Atari benchmark with randomly segmented time intervals, time-aware discounting alone is more important while in the real-world tasks such as nuclear reactor operation and septic patient treatment with intrinsic time intervals, both time-aware state and time-aware discounting are crucial. Moreover, to improve the agent's learning capacity, we explored three boosting methods: Double networks, Dueling networks, and Prioritized Experience Replay, and our results show that for the two real-world tasks, combining all three boosting methods with TQN is especially effective.
Incidence of Referable Retinal Disease in Diabetic Patients at a Primary Care Practice

Purpose:This work tests the feasibility of remote ophthalmic imaging to identify referable retinal abnormalities and assesses the effectiveness of color fundus photography (CFP) vs optical coherenc...
The imperative for inclusion: A gender analysis of genetics.

Abstract It has now been more than thirty years since Joan Wallach Scott (1986) argued that gender is a legitimate and necessary category of historical analysis that applies to all fields, including genetics. In the intervening years, a substantial body of work has appeared that adds women to the historiography of genetics. While this is a necessary component for including gender as a category of analysis in genetics, it is not sufficient. Gender analysis involves the broader goal of integrating gender into the interrogation of how social factors within research practices and institutional organization influence scientific work and knowledge production in genetics. This article argues for the imperative for inclusion—including both women and gender analysis—which, taken together, not only provide a more equitable and informative picture of the discipline's development, but also yield a historiography that more faithfully reflects the activity of doing science.
INSPECTION OF ROPES AND CABLES USING THE TRANSVERSE-IMPULSE VIBRATION TECHNIQUE

Ropes and cables are widely used as flexible tension members in various engineering applications such as suspension and cable-stayed bridges, mine hoists, offshore platforms, ski lifts, and cranes. In many cases, rope integrity is critical in ensuring overall structural safety, and rope failure can lead to a disastrous consequence. To ensure the structural safety of a rope, periodic visual inspection is generally made mandatory by industry, regulatory and certification bodies, and standard organizations dealing with ropes and cables.
Defect Detection in Composite Structures Using Lock-In Infrared Thermography

A Nondestructive Testing technique based on Lock-In thermography is proposed to detect delaminations present in a composite wind turbine blade. Image processing algorithms and statistical Multivariate Outlier Analysis were used in conjunction with the Lock-In thermography technique to counter ‘blind frequency’ effects and to improve the defect contrast. Receiver Operating Characteristic curves was used to quantify the gains obtained by using the proposed approach. Experiments were performed on a set of defects of various sizes that were incorporated during the construction of the wind turbine blade at different locations and depths.
The solvent extraction behavior of rhenium—I: The nitric acid-tributyl phosphate system☆

Abstract The distribution of heptavalent rhenium between aqueous nitric acid and solutions of tributyl phosphate (TBP) in n-dodecane (NDD) has been investigated as a function of acid, nitrate, and extractant concentrations at 25, 40, and 60°C. The distribution coefficient was found to increase with increasing hydrogen ion activity (up to a maximum at 0.8 M HNO3), increasing TBP concentration, and decreasing temperature; addition of a neutral nitrate salt (NaNO3) had no effect. The extraction was found to proceed according to the reaction 3TBP + H+ + ReO4−⇄[HReO4 · 3TBP]org at 25°C. A discussion of possible extraction mechanisms is presented, along with values for ΔG, ΔH, ΔS, and the equilibrium constant for the reaction. These results are compared and contrasted with those obtained for the analogous pertechnetate system.
Some topics concerning N-N and N-D experiments at medium energy

The status of recent proton‐proton phase shift analyses is reviewed at medium energy with mention of the state of the n‐p I=0 analyses. Some conclusions are reached, including a recommendation for renewed theoretical effort to calculate absorption parameters for N‐N scattering above 300 MeV in higher partial waves (l?3). Recent experimental data are examined for p‐p small angle scattering at 630 MeV and also near 500 MeV. Further small angle experiments on p‐p and p‐d scattering are deemed desirable. A brief discussion of recent n‐p charge exchange experiments is given. Finally, the status of medium to high energy (100–20000 MeV) p‐d elastic scattering is reviewed with emphasis on back angle scattering and the usefulness of p‐d polarization measurements.
Understanding the Victorians: Politics, Culture and Society in Nineteenth-Century Britain

'Playing on the piano-forte': Introduction. 1. A 'green and pleasant land' of cities and slums: Space. 2. 'Discussions on the subject of Reform': Politics. 3. 'By Jingo!': Imperialism. 4. 'Unrivalled by any other country on the globe': the Economy. 5. 'Bristling with shops': Consumption. 6. 'Born into the lower-upper-middle': Class. 7. 'A common cause with all the females in this kingdom': Gender. 8. 'The head of the dignified part of the constitution': Monarchy. 9. 'The court was crowded all day': Law. 10. 'Good, murderous melodramas': Arts & Entertainment. 11. Marriage, free love, and 'unnatural crimes': Sexuality. 12. 'Begin and end with the Church whatever you do between-whiles': Religion. 13. Vestiges and Origins: Science.
Rehospitalization of Psychiatric Patients in a Managed Care Environment

This study examined predictors of readmission to a general hospital psychiatric unit that provided acute inpatient care. Participants were 370 patients admitted to the inpatient unit over a 15-month period. During this period, 105 (28%) patients were readmitted to the unit. Readmitted patients were compared to patients who were not readmitted on (a) symptom improvement during hospitalization, (b) psychosocial and clinical variables, and (c) length of hospitalization. The readmitted patients presented with levels of psychological symptoms similar to those of patients who were not readmitted. Moreover, readmitted patients and patients who were not readmitted reported comparable relief in symptom severity during hospitalization. Readmitted patients were more likely to have at least one previous psychiatric hospitalization, be unemployed, be participating in day treatment, and receiving medicare and social security disability insurance. Rehospitalization is a significant problem and the patients' self-reported symptomatology is not a major determinant of readmission for inpatient treatment.
Structure and Development of Viruses as Observed in the Electron Microscope X. Entry and Uncoating of Adenovirus

Abstract Stages in the direct penetration of adenovirus through the cell membrane are illustrated. Phagocytosis with rupture of the vacuole and release of virus into the cytoplasm may also account for entry of some particles. Uncoating by digestion within phagosomes was not observed. Rather, alteration of capsid and core occurred to virions free in the cytoplasm. Nucleoprotein released from virus close to the nucleus was transported to the nuclear matrix by a unique mechanism. These events were not prevented by puromycin and hence were not dependent upon the synthesis of new enzymes. They were, however, energy-dependent.
Epigenetics and memory: causes, consequences and treatments for post‐traumatic stress disorder and addiction

Understanding the interaction between fear and reward at the circuit and molecular levels has implications for basic scientific approaches to memory and for understanding the etiology of psychiatric disorders. Both stress and exposure to drugs of abuse induce epigenetic changes that result in persistent behavioral changes, some of which may contribute to the formation of a drug addiction or a stress-related psychiatric disorder. Converging evidence suggests that similar behavioral, neurobiological and molecular mechanisms control the extinction of learned fear and drug-seeking responses. This may, in part, account for the fact that individuals with post-traumatic stress disorder have a significantly elevated risk of developing a substance use disorder and have high rates of relapse to drugs of abuse, even after long periods of abstinence. At the behavioral level, a major challenge in treatments is that extinguished behavior is often not persistent, returning with changes in context, the passage of time or exposure to mild stressors. A common goal of treatments is therefore to weaken the ability of stressors to induce relapse. With the discovery of epigenetic mechanisms that create persistent molecular signals, recent work on extinction has focused on how modulating these epigenetic targets can create lasting extinction of fear or drug-seeking behavior. Here, we review recent evidence pointing to common behavioral, systems and epigenetic mechanisms in the regulation of fear and drug seeking. We suggest that targeting these mechanisms in combination with behavioral therapy may promote treatment and weaken stress-induced relapse.
The moderating role of individual differences in responses to benefit and temporal framing of messages promoting residential energy saving

This study examined how framing of residential energy-saving benefits as environmental or economic (i.e., benefit framing) and long-term or short-term (i.e., temporal framing) influenced individuals' attitudes toward and perceived outcome efficacy of energy-saving behaviors, and, especially, how individual differences in environmental concern, political orientation and consideration of future consequences (CFC) moderated message framing effects. Data were collected from 461 U.S. residents in an online experiment. Results from moderated regression analyses suggested that environmentally framed benefits induced more positive attitudes toward energy saving than economically framed benefits among those with moderate levels of environmental concern and among more politically liberal participants, suggesting that environmentally framed messages might stimulate positive responses only within a subset of U.S. energy consumers. Short-term, economic benefits induced the most positive attitudes and highest outcome efficacy among participants with lower levels of CFC. Implications for promotional messages about energy saving are discussed.