cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Decomposition of Trends in Blacks’ and Whites’ Exposure to Other–Race Neighbors, 2001–2011:

Using data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics and two U.S. decennial censuses, we describe trends in blacks’ and whites’ exposure to other–race neighbors between 2001 and 2011 and then identif...
Design and benchmarking of a robust strain-based 3D shape sensing system

Abstract Shape sensing can provide insight into the structural health and operating conditions of slender engineered lifting and control surfaces in aerospace and maritime applications. Shape sensing often relies upon digital image correlation, inertial measurement, or inverse finite element methods, which can be impractical in applications involving real-time reconstructions, static and dynamic deformations, or dynamic mode shape identification, especially outside of controlled laboratory environments. This work describes ongoing efforts to design, build, and validate a low-cost and robust tool for real-time shape sensing. The sensor consists of a simple aluminum spar, instrumented with strategically placed strain gauges. A kinematic model is used to reconstruct bi-axial bending and torsional displacements along the spar. The model is validated against FEM simulations and canonical analytical solutions. A prototype of the spar is benchmarked using a motion capture system. The pre-calibrated errors are correlated with the direction of bending, permitting a directionally compensative calibration scheme. After calibration of the spar and kinematic model, validation errors are 2.18% in bending magnitude and 0.97° in bending direction. This work addresses the emerging need for new low-cost sensors for structural health monitoring in environments where other sensing methods do not perform well.
Endothelium-Targeted Deletion of microRNA-15a/16-1 Promotes Poststroke Angiogenesis and Improves Long-Term Neurological Recovery

Rationale: Angiogenesis promotes neurological recovery after stroke and is associated with longer survival of stroke patients. Cerebral angiogenesis is tightly controlled by certain microRNAs (miRs...
Assessment and Use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle for Civil Structural Health Monitoring

Abstract Unmanned Aerial Vehicles or UAVs can be employed in a multitude of civil applications owing to their ease of use, low maintenance, affordability, high-mobility, and ability to hover. Such vehicles are being utilized for real-time monitoring of road traffic, providing wireless coverage, remote sensing, search and rescue operations, delivery of goods, security and surveillance, precision agriculture, and civil infrastructure inspection. They are the next big revolution in technology and civil infrastructure is expected to dominate their more than $45 Billion worth market. This paper surveys the UAV assisted Structural Health Monitoring or SHM literature over the last decade and categorizes UAVs based on their aerodynamics. Further, it presents the payload product line to facilitate the SHM tasks, details the different applications of UAVs exploited in the last decade to support civil structures and discusses the key challenges faced in its application across various domains.
Incorporation of Benchtop NMR Spectrometer into the Organic Chemistry Laboratory: Analysis of an Unknown Liquid

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is an indispensable technique in the organic chemistry laboratory for elucidation of molecular structure. Miniaturization of NMR technology has attract...
Factivity from pre-existence: Evidence from Barguzin Buryat

This paper examines a factivity alternation in Barguzin Buryat (Mongolic) with the verb hanaxa, whose meaning depends on its complement. When hanaxa combines with CPs, it behaves like a non-factive verb meaning ‘think’. However, when it takes nominalized clauses as its complement, it exhibits a factive inference and is naturally translated as ‘remember’. I assume the decompositional approach to the semantics of attitude reports (Kratzer 2016; Bogal-Allbritten 2017; Elliott 2017) and argue that the factivity alternation arises because CPs and nominalized expressions combine with the verb in different ways: while CPs modify the verb’s event argument and provide the content of thoughts, nominalized clauses saturate the internal argument, which for the verb meaning ‘think’ denotes the topic of thoughts — what the thinking is about. I propose that there is a pre-existence presupposition associated with this about-argument: an entity that is the topic of thoughts is presupposed to have started existing before the time of the thinking eventuality. I argue that this presupposition is what gives rise to the factive inference with nominalized expressions and what the ‘remember’ translation is trying to convey.
The Impact of the Covid-19 Epidemic on Older Adults in Rural and Urban Areas in Mexico.

Objectives Mexico is among the countries in Latin America hit hardest by COVID-19. A large proportion of older adults in Mexico have high prevalence of multimorbidity and live in poverty with limited access to health care services. These statistics are even higher among adults living in rural areas, which suggests that older adults in rural communities may be more susceptible to COVID-19. The objectives of the article were to compare clinical and demographic characteristics for people diagnosed with COVID-19 by age group, and to describe cases and mortality in rural and urban communities. Methods We linked publicly available from the Mexican Ministry of Health and the Census. Municipalities were classified based on population as rural ( Results Older adults were more likely to be hospitalized and reported severe cases, with higher mortality rates. In addition, rural municipalities reported a higher number of COVID-19 cases and mortality related to COVID-19 per million than urban municipalities. The adjusted absolute difference in COVID-19 cases was 912.7 per million (95% Confidence Interval (CI),79.0 - 1746.4) and mortality related to COVID-19 was 390.6 per million (95% CI, 204.5 - 576.7). Discussion Urgent policy efforts are needed to mandate the use of face masks and encourage handwashing, and improve specialty care for Mexicans in rural areas.
Experimental Determination of Mantle Solidi and Melt Compositions for Two Likely Rocky Exoplanet Compositions

For rocky exoplanets, knowledge of their geologic characteristics such as composition and mineralogy, surface recycling mechanisms, and volcanic behavior are key to determining their suitability to host life. Thus, determining exoplanet habitability requires an understanding of surface chemistry, and understanding the composition of exoplanet surfaces necessitates applying methods from the field of igneous petrology. Piston-cylinder partial melting experiments were conducted on two hypothetical rocky exoplanet bulk silicate compositions. HEX1, a composition with molar Mg/Si = 1.42 (higher than bulk silicate Earth’s Mg/Si = 1.23) yields a solidus similar to that of Earth’s undepleted mantle. However, HEX2, a composition with molar Ca/Al = 1.07 (higher than Earth Ca/Al = 0.72) has a solidus with a slope of ~10°C/kbar (versus ~15°C/kbar for Earth) and as result, has much lower melting temperatures than Earth. The majority of predicted adiabats point toward the likely formation of a silicate magma ocean for exoplanets with a mantle composition similar to HEX2. For adiabats that do intersect HEX2’s solidus, decompression melting initiates at pressures more than 4x greater than in the modern Earth’s undepleted mantle. The experimental partial melt compositions for these exoplanet mantle analogs are broadly similar to primitive terrestrial magmas but with higher CaO, and for the HEX2 composition, higher SiO2 for a given degree of melting. This first of its kind exoplanetary experimental data can be used to calibrate future exoplanet petrologic models and predict volatile solubilities, volcanic degassing, and crust compositions for exoplanets with bulk compositions and ƒO2 similar to those explored herein.
Compressible Ionized Natural 3D Interconnected Loofah Membrane for Salinity Gradient Power Generation

Large-scale salinity gradient power energy harvesting has generated broad attention in recent years, in which affordable ion-selective membranes (ISMs) are essential for its practical implementation. In this study, for the first time, ISMs derived from natural loofah sponge are reported, which have features of high hydrophilicity, superior ion conductivity, and 3D interconnected long fibers. The permselectivity and ion conductivity of loofah-based anion-selective membranes (ASMs) and cation-selective membranes (CSMs) are designed by chemical modification of the surface functional groups of loofah fibers and followed with compression and the resin filling. The charged nanochannels inside the ISMs are served as ion conductive and selective channels based on the nanofluidic effects and Donnan exclusion. Meanwhile, the unique isotropic structure endows excellent dimensional stability under the NaCl solution for months. When ISMs are used for salinity gradient power generation from the gradient of artificial seawater and river water, the maximum power density is 18.3 mW m-2 . When ten units of loofah-based ISMs are stacked in series, a voltage as high as 1.55 V is achieved. The results highlight the great potential of natural fibers for fabricating affordable, durable, and high performance ISMs, paving a sustainable pathway for developing high-performance, durable, and low-cost salinity gradient power generators.
Interaction of Arylazido-β-Alanyl ATPa with the ATPase Enzyme of Rhodospirillum Rubrum Chromatophores

The ATP photoaffinity probe arylazido-β-alanyl ATP is able to inhibit the ATP dependent reactions of the Rhodospirillum rubrum chromatophore membrane in a specific and light dependent manner. Following the light induced photoprobe interaction with LiCl treated chromatophores (resolved of the ATPase β subunit), the LiCl dialyzed supernatant (i.e., β subunit) is still capable of reconstituting photophosphorylation as in the non-photoprobe treated membrane. However, the ability of the β subunit preparation to reconstitute membrane bound ATPase activity is inhibited.
Eaglenest wildlife sanctuary: pressures on biodiversity (E. O. Wilson award address).

AbstractA naturalist at the beginning of the twenty-second century may be faced with little nature to study. However, positive developments in human demographic characteristics, notably the decrease in birth rate and increase in wealth, suggest that we could take an optimistic view, plan for land to free up by that time, and consider that nature will be more greatly valued. Thus, if species can be shepherded through the current century, it is possible that the worst will be over. Protected areas, out of which species can expand, are a critically important resource. Because it is anticipated that the duration of the crisis will be relatively short, these reserves need not be excessively large, but in some of the more remote places of the world, protection is limited and development is rampant. The Himalayas of northeastern India is one such location. This area is a major biodiversity hot spot that is undergoing rapid change, with unexplored and mostly poorly protected areas. I describe one particular reser...
Quantum Statistical Microdynamics and Critical Phenomena

The importance of idealized two-level (spin) systems in the study of critical phenomena has long been recognized. Several years ago at the Oulu Workshop1 we introduced a new approach to the quantum optics of N two-level atoms interacting with a nearly resonant coherent electromagnetic field. This approach, which has now been carefully derived and discussed2, involves solving the microscopic quantum equations of motion exactly, while treating incoherent processes as discrete stochastic unitary transformations on a restricted Hilbert space of this “pseudospin” system. That is, a set of 3N+1 coupled ordinary differential equations (ODEs) plus a stochastic ruleset constitute a system of microscopic Langevin equations that can be solved numerically for the quantum statistical microdynamic behavior of the many-atom optical svstem being: studied.
Asparagus Cultivar Trial

As local food production has increased in Iowa, there is renewed interest in perennial vegetable crops such as asparagus. The purpose of this multi-year study is to compare the performance of modern male hybrid asparagus cultivars with popular older cultivars under soil and environmental conditions at the ISU Northeast Research and Demonstration Farm, Nashua, Iowa.
Really Fictional Fiction

EUzabeth MacKiernan's Ancestors Maybe is a very serious novel masquerading as a hoUday fable. As "hoUday fable," Ancestors Maybe describes events from October to New Year's that happen to and involve three generations of a family and their immediate neighbors in Middletown, Connecticut. To describe Ancestors Maybe this way, however, is to misrepresent it, although my statement is perfectly accurate. Perfectly accurate statements might do for fiction of the ReaUst variety, but MacKiernan's is not of this variety, which is why I caU it a fable. Maybe hoUday stories more than any others are by default ReaUstic: they emerge from the calendar year we know and from traditions famiUar to us if not by direct experience then by media intervention. Dylan Thomas, in "A Child's Christmas in Wales," and Truman Capote, in "A Christmas Memory," shape narratives out of recoUections. The stuff of these stories comes from memory hooked to time rather than a more freewheeling invention, plots and characters reach toward the Real. MacKiernan's novel is different and announces its difference from the very first sentence: "It was in the Month of Bramble that things began to happen." The Month of Bramble is not the calendar year of predictable hoUdays; it is something different, something a Uttle strange, tree time, not central, eastern or day?ght savings. For a few moments, however, let's treat Ancestors Maybe Uke a holiday fable or story with characters and a plot that raises a number of problems during a few months, October to December, or Bramble to Holly and Ivy. Three sisters live in a house together in Middletown, CT: Marie Madeleine "takes an interest in the sciences. The science she takes the most interest in is, of course, magic"; "Marie Celeste is devoted to the languages of Europe"; "Marie AngeUque is an artist." They have acquired an orphan of modest height, through unspecified channels, indeterminate of age: Hugo de Fremery, "a genius." Of the three sisters, only Marie Madeleine has children, two of
Analysis and processing of shaft angular velocity signals in rotating machinery for diagnostic applications

The paper presents the application of some modern signal processing methods to the analysis of angular velocity signals in a rotating machine for diagnostic purposes. The signal processing techniques considered in this paper include: classical non-parametric spectral analysis; principal component analysis; joint time-frequency analysis; the discrete wavelet transform; and change detection algorithm based on residual generation. These algorithms are employed to process shaft angular velocity data measured from an internal combustion engine, with the intent of detecting engine misfire. The results of these analyses show that these algorithms have potential for on-board diagnostic application in passenger and commercial vehicles, and more generally for failure detection of other classes of rotating machines.
Highly decoupled colinear antennas

The mutual coupling of two independently fed antennas has been minimized over a broad frequency range by mounting them colinearly and by incorporating an "isolator section" in the feedline of the upper antenna which effectively reduces the coupling due to currents on the transmission line outer surface. An isolation greater than 35 decibels has been realized in the frequency range from 225 to 400 MHz between a pair of broadband colinear dipole antennas at a spacing of 1.5 meters.
Correlation of esophageal motility abnormalities with neuropsychiatric status in diabetics

Abstract Esophageal motility abnormalities, neuropathy, and psychiatric illness were independently determined in 30 patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus to clarify the interrelationship of these findings in diabetics. Fifteen patients (50%) were found to have esophageal contraction abnormalities, a specific cluster of manometric derangements. Diagnoses of depression, dysthymia, or generalized anxiety disorder were made in 87% of those with contraction abnormalities but in only 21% of the patients with normal manometric patterns (p = 0.002). Log-linear analysis confirmed that this association was independent of neuropathy effects (p
A preliminary system for recognizing boredom

A 3D optical flow tracking system was used to track participants as they watched a series of boring videos. The video stream of the participants was rated for boredom events. Ratings and head position data were combined to predict boredom events.
Class C-E high-efficiency tuned power amplifier

A numerical analysis of a Class C-E tuned power amplifier is presented, along with a design procedure and experimental results. The efficiency and the maximum operating frequency of the amplifier are intermediate between those of the Class C and E amplifiers. The collector efficiency of the Class C amplifier is about 70%, whereas that of the Class E amplifier is about 96%. The maximum operating frequency of the optimum-efficiency Class E amplifier is, however, limited by the transistor output capacitance. The operating frequency of the Class C amplifier can be at least 16 times higher than that of the optimum-efficiency Class E amplifier at the same output power, DC supply voltage, and transistor output capacitance. The Class C, E, and C-E amplifiers can be obtained with the same circuit topology. The class of operation depends on the values of the load-network components. The tradeoff between the efficiency and the maximum operating frequency is evaluated for all three classes, using nonlinear time-domain simulation. The experimental and theoretical results are in good agreement. >
Prolonged culture of Visna virus in human astrocytes.

Summary A model system for the comparative study of human astrocytes before and after infection with the encephalomyelitic virus of sheep, visna virus, is described. The emergence of a variant of visna virus and the modifications induced in affected cultures are discussed.
The efficacy and safety of argon plasma coagulation therapy in Barrett's esophagus

Abstract Background: Thermoablation is being used to eliminate the metaplastic epithelium of Barrett's esophagus and allow its reversal into squamous epithelium in an acid-controlled environment. This study assessed the efficacy and safety of a new thermoablation technique, argon plasma coagulation. Methods: Patients with circumferential Barrett's esophagus 2 to 5 cm long were enrolled. Acid suppression was accomplished with lansoprazole. One-half the circumference of Barrett's mucosa was treated with argon plasma coagulation, and the other half served as an internal control. After macroscopic squamous re-epithelialization occurred, biopsy specimens were obtained from both areas systematically. Results: Nine patients, all men with a mean age of 51.1 years, completed the study. During 24-hour esophageal pH monitoring a pH less than 4 occurred on average 2.8% of the time with a mean dose of lansoprazole of 70 mg/day. Squamous re-epithelialization developed in treated areas in all 9 patients. Biopsy showed that 7 of 9 patients (77.8%) had squamous re-epithelialization without intestinal metaplasia. Biopsy showed that 2 of 9 patients (22.2%) had squamous re-epithelialization with evidence of underlying intestinal metaplasia. There were no serious complications. Conclusions: Argon plasma coagulation in an acid-controlled environment was both efficacious and safe in the treatment of Barrett's esophagus. However, the reappearance of squamous epithelium after therapy did not exclude the presence of underlying intestinal metaplasia. (Gastrointest Endosc 1999;50:18-22.)
Heteronomous Citizenship: Civic virtue and the chains of autonomy

In this article, I distinguish personal autonomy from heteronomy, and consider whether autonomy provides a suitable basis for liberalism. I argue that liberal government should not promote autonomy in all its citizens, on the grounds that not all members of liberal democracies require autonomy for a good life. I then outline an alternative option that I call a liberalism of conscience, describing how it better respects heteronomous citizens. I subsequently clarify how a liberalism of conscience is different than, and superior to, autonomy‐based versions of liberalism.
PV: A Sweet and Sour Market

Regardless of developed countries or developing countries, markets are strongly moving together with policies and technologies. This creates new markets and new competitions, which is good for marketing and new technology development and those trends are actually taking place globally. Silicon supply shortage gave us another big impact for market development and new material/process development. We must find a way for betterment for our future with positive mental attitude.
Focal spared area in fatty liver simulating a mass. Scintigraphic evaluation

The characterization of focally spared areas in a fatty liver may at times be problematic. This report illustrates the unique diagnostic role that combined xenon-133/technetium-99m sulfur colloid scintigraphy can play in such cases.
Reactive phase separation: Prediction of an occlusion morphology

Abstract Reaction-induced phase separation occurring by spinodal decomposition is simulated in this paper. A technique developed earlier [Alfarraj A, Nauman EB. Spinodal decomposition in ternary systems with significantly different component diffusivities. Macromolecular Theory and Simulations, 2007;16:627–31.] that allows component diffusivities to be dramatically different has been extended to reactive conditions. The example system is the formation of impact polystyrene. The final morphology is a continuous polystyrene phase and a discrete rubber phase where the rubber particles contain polystyrene occlusions. The morphology is modeled for an agitated batch reactor. Simulations of a quiescent batch polymerization also give a discrete rubber phase. This is contrary to reports in the early patent literature, the difference being attributed to cross-linking of the rubber that is not considered in the current model.
Anabolic–Androgenic Steroid Effects on the Sexual Behavior of Intact Male Rats ☆

Abstract Six separate experiments were conducted which examined the effects of long-term administration of anabolic–androgenic steroid (AAS) compounds on the sexual behavior of gonadally intact male rats. The six AAS compounds analyzed in this study were 17α-methyltestosterone, methandrostenolone, nandrolone decanoate, stanozolol, oxymetholone, and testosterone cypionate. In each experiment, subjects received daily injections of a high, medium, or low dose of the AAS compound, or the oil vehicle, for 12 weeks. Sexual behavior was quantified weekly. Twelve weeks of administration of the high dose of three AAS compounds, 17α-methyltestosterone, stanozolol, and oxymetholone, eliminated male sexual behavior. These treatments also suppressed serum testosterone levels. The remaining compounds had minimal effects on sexual behavior at any dose. Thus, in intact male rats the six AAS compounds examined in these studies evoked a range of behavioral and endocrine responses that varied as a function of the specific compound and dose administered.
Multiple Diffraction of Light by Ultrasonic Vibrations in Transparent Solids

Ultrasonic waves in transparent solids are used to produce multiple light diffraction patterns. It is shown that the form of the patterns depends on the vibrational resonance conditions of the samples. The influence of longitudinal and shear elastic waves on the production of secondary and tertiary diffraction patterns is discussed. The presence of a visible secondary shear diffraction order is demonstrated in sapphire.
Toxin-induced blood vessel inclusions caused by the chronic administration of aluminum and sodium fluoride and their implications for dementia.

Until our knowledge of the etiology of Alzheimer's dementia, as well as related conditions involving mental impairments, is greatly extended, no line of investigation should be ignored. We believed that the possible contributions of aluminum exposure to neural impairments deserved further study. In coming to this opinion we were mindful of the work of Roberts on the neurotoxic effects of inhaled aluminum silicate' as well as the neuropathologic results reported by Per1 and his associates indicating an association of aluminum with disease-affected neurons in Alzheimer's patients.*.' The possibility that certain metals including aluminum, either alone or in combination, play a role in dementia remains a viable hypothesisP While the possibility of transport of A1 to the brain via the olfactory system, especially under conditions of a partially compromised immune system, remains a likely route of entry into the nervous system, it is not the only entry route for aluminum. A1 and other elements with toxic potential enter the nervous system through many pathways, including our food and water. Initially, we investigated the effects of low doses of aluminum given to rats through their drinking water. The entry of A1 into the circulation and the brain depends on the particular species of A1 available as well as the conditions in the stomach and the digestive tract. The bioavailability of A1 may be enhanced by its complexing with fluorine (F) to form various monomeric fluoaluminum species. Of these, AIF3 was of special interest due to its lipid solubility and ability to pass
An extended DEA model for hospital performance evaluation and improvement

This paper presents an extended data envelopment analysis (DEA) model which includes a new benchmark filtering measure to identify the decision making units (DMUs) which consistently have the best performance. Additionally, window analysis is utilized over multiple time periods in order to consider the time dependent nature of hospital data. The proposed approach, termed Panel-based Benchmarking, is applied to the data from previous research to demonstrate its effectiveness and benefits. Next, the proposed approach is applied to a real-world data set spanning a five year period supplied by the Iowa Hospital Association. Finally, the Malmquist method is used to compliment the proposed approach to verify temporal productivity performance of DMUs. The results indicate that the proposed model can generate benchmarks which consistently perform well over multiple time periods.
Serum magnesium levels in nursing home patients

Abstract The elderly nursing home patient is at risk for hypomagnesemia due to poor nutritional intake, multiple chronic disease states, and polypharmacy. In order to assess the need to screen for magnesium deficiency in a long-term care setting, serum magnesium levels were determined in 75 nursing home patients. Mild hypomagnesemia was observed in 3 of the patients, all with poor eating habits. Diuretic use, although common, was not associated with magnesium deficiency. Routine screening for hypomagnesemia in nursing home patients with adequate nutritional intake does not appear warranted.
Changes in streptonigrin lethality during adaptation of Escherichia coli to picolinic acid. Correlation with intracellular picolinate and iron uptake

Uptake studies with [14C]picolinate and 55Fe3+ have provided an explanation for the change in streptonigrin killing on adaptation of Escherichia coli to picolinate, in terms of the available iron within the cell. When picolinic acid is added to a growing culture of E. coli an interval of bacteriostasis ensues; this adaptation period is followed by resumption of exponential growth. Addition of picolinate (4 mM) to a log phase culture of strain W3110 gave protection from the lethal action of streptonigrin (30 microM) when the two agents were added simultaneously. In contrast streptonigrin killed cells that had adapted to picolinate; however, a preincubation of adapted W3110 with phenethyl alcohol protected the cells from streptonigrin lethality. [14C]Picolinate uptake studies showed that initially picolinate entered the cells, but that it was excluded from adapted cells; addition of phenethyl alcohol permitted the entry of picolinate into adapted W3110. The changes in streptonigrin killing parallel the changes in concentration of intracellular picolinate, which can chelate the iron required by streptonigrin for its bactericidal action. 55Fe3+ uptake studies showed that initially picolinate prevented iron accumulation by strain W3110, whereas adapted cells did take up iron in the presence of picolinate. Addition of phenethyl alcohol prevented any observed uptake of iron by adapted W3110. This modulation of iron transport by picolinate also affects streptonigrin lethality. Experiments with iron transport mutants showed that picolinate acted on both the enterochelin and citrate routes of uptake. Therefore picolinate affects the concentration of available iron within the cell both by (a) its intracellular presence resulting in chelation of iron and (b) its action on iron uptake; these effects explain the change in streptonigrin killing on adaptation of E. coli to picolinate.
A Method for a More Accurate Calculation of the Stiffness Coefficient in a Pseudo-Rigid-Body Model (PRBM) of a Fixed-Free Beam Subjected to End Forces

The pseudo-rigid-body model (PRBM) concept allows compliant mechanisms to be modeled using existing knowledge of rigid-body mechanisms, thereby considerably simplifying their analysis and design. The PRBMs represent the compliant segments with two or more rigid-body segments, connected using pin joints (characteristic pivots). The beam compliance is modeled using a torsional spring placed at the characteristic pivot, whose spring constant K is evaluated using a pseudo-rigid-body parameter termed as the beam stiffness coefficient. This paper presents a method to more accurately calculate the beam stiffness coefficient for a fixed-free compliant beam subjected to a combination of horizontal and vertical forces. The improved stiffness coefficient (KΘ) expressions are derived as a function of the pseudo-rigid-body angle, Θ and the load factor, n. To exemplify the application of the improved results, the expressions derived are successfully implemented in modeling a fixed-guided beam with an inflection point, allowing it to be modeled as two fixed-free beams pinned at the inflection point.Copyright © 2014 by ASME
Intact emission of CO in secondary-ion mass spectrometry of CO-covered Ru(001)

The lack of isotope mixing in RuC${\mathrm{O}}^{+}$ detected in secondary-ion mass spectrometry of an Ru(001) surface covered with equal amounts of $^{13}\mathrm{C}$O and ${\mathrm{C}}^{18}$O confirms the predictions of classical dynamics calculations that ${(\mathrm{m}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{l}\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{C}\mathrm{O})}^{+}$ ions are formed only from CO molecules emitted intact.
Moment estimators for the two-parameter M -Wright distribution

A formal parameter estimation procedure for the two-parameter M-Wright distribution is proposed. This procedure is necessary to make the model useful for real-world applications. Note that its generalization of the Gaussian density makes the M-Wright distribution appealing to practitioners. Closed-form estimators are also derived from the moments of the log-transformed M-Wright distributed random variable, and are shown to be asymptotically normal. Tests using simulated data indicated favorable results for our estimation procedure.
Deposition and characterization of titanium carbide coatings using laser ablation method

Abstract Carbide coatings have a large number of applications in modern technology owing to their interesting, and in some ways unique, physical and chemical properties. Thin film coatings of titanium carbide were deposited on Si (100) substrates using pulsed laser deposition (PLD) method. The structural and microstructural properties of these films have been characterized using X-ray diffraction, scanning and transmission electron microscopy techniques. The mechanical properties of the films were evaluated to measure the hardness and modulus values. It has been shown that the films deposited at higher temperature have the best crystalline quality structure and also have higher hardness and modulus values compared to the film deposited at lower temperature. Optimization of laser deposition parameters to obtain high quality thin films will be discussed in detail.
Serotonin 5-HT2A receptors in the CA1 field of the hippocampus mediate head movements in the rabbit.

Rationale Motor movements (head bobs) in the rabbit have been shown to be elicited by LSD-like hallucinogenic drugs through actions at central serotonin 5-HT2A receptors, though their central locus remains unknown. Serotonergic innervation of the hippocampus has been suggested to play an important role in motor programming including movements of the head.
Generation of axolotl hematopoietic chimeras

Wound repair is an extremely complex process that requires precise coordination between various cell types including immune cells. Unfortunately, in mammals this usually results in scar formation instead of restoration of the original fully functional tissue, otherwise known as regeneration. Various animal models like frogs and salamanders are currently being studied to determine the intracellular and intercellular pathways, controlled by gene expression, that elicit cell proliferation, differentiation, and migration of cells during regenerative healing. Now, the necessary genetic tools to map regenerative pathways are becoming available for the axolotl salamander, thus allowing comparative studies between scarring and regeneration. Here, we describe in detail three methods to produce axolotl hematopoietic cell-tagged chimeras for the study of hematopoiesis and regeneration.
The contributions of atmosphere and ocean to North Atlantic Subtropical Mode Water volume anomalies

Abstract Subtropical Mode Water (STMW) in the western North Atlantic Ocean, or Eighteen Degree Water (EDW), as it is commonly known, is formed near the Gulf Stream in the wintertime, is dissipated by mixing and is removed by subduction. The ability of EDW to store and discharge large quantities of heat over periods of several years contributes to the memory of the climate system. To complement the 2-year field and modeling program of the CLIvar MOde Water Dynamics Experiment (CLIMODE) with a perspective of interannual-to-decadal variability (1985–2007), we used a simple box model to hindcast observed EDW volume anomalies in two regions: one in which EDW is formed and an adjacent region of subducted EDW. Estimates of the relative contributions of heat flux anomalies, vertical mixing from Ekman advection, mixing, and circulation are examined using proxy variables derived from winds, sea surface temperature, hydrographic data and altimetric sea level. The importance of each process is evaluated by its contribution to observed EDW volume anomalies in two regions. The study produced some robust conclusions: (1) anomalies of formation by surface heat fluxes are clearly reflected in EDW volume anomalies with some contributions by Ekman advection; (2) of the newly formed EDW about 65% is lost by mixing and about 35% is transferred to the subducted region; (3) mixing losses are well parameterized by the meandering of the nearby GS and (4) transfer and losses from the subducted region can be parameterized by the geostrophic surface flow.
STRUGGLES OF INCORPORATION AMONG THE PUERTO RICAN MIDDLE CLASS

In this article I examine the settlement experiences of middle-class Puerto Ricans in the U.S. mainland. Data for the study come from open-ended interviews with 40 middle-class Puerto Ricans who came to the U.S. mainland, 20 of whom remained and 20 of whom returned and resettled in Puerto Rico. I examine their subjective interpretations of incorporation and the conditions under which they resettle in Puerto Rico. Findings reveal that in spite of occupational and economic integration into the U.S. mainstream, migration and U.S. settlement result in dislocations among Puerto Ricans, particularly regarding separation from family and kin networks and experiences with racialization and exclusion. Puerto Ricans see themselves as members of transnational families, yet, the struggles of leading dual lives between mainland and Puerto Rican societies result in settlement decisions that reflect desires to live locally with roots in one place instead of feeling split between the two. Experiences with U.S. racism complicate these decisions. Findings illustrate the various patterns of attachments to place, or emotional embeddedness, that impact the circumstances under which Puerto Ricans engage in alternating periods of mainland and Island settlement. The implications for assimilation theories are discussed.
Advanced bioreactor concepts for coal processing

Abstract The development of advanced bioreactor systems for the processing of coal should follow some basic principles. Continuous operation is preferred, with maximum bioreagent concentrations and enhanced mass transfer. Although conventional stirred-tank bioreactors will be more appropriate for some processing concepts, columnar reactors with retained bioreagents could be the system of choice for most of the applications. The latter will include both stationary- and fluidized-bed configurations. The various characteristics of these systems are discussed in the context of bioprocessing of coal.
Magnetic Tweezers Measurement of Single Molecule Torque

Torsional stress in linear biopolymers such as DNA and chromatin has important consequences for nanoscale biological processes. We have developed a new method to directly measure torque on single molecules. Using a cylindrical magnet, we manipulate a novel probe consisting of a nanorod with a 0.1 μm ferromagnetic segment coupled to a magnetic bead. We achieve controlled introduction of turns into the molecule and precise measurement of torque and molecule extension as a function of the number of turns at low pulling force. We show torque measurement of single DNA molecules and demonstrate for the first time measurements of single chromatin fibers.
Changes in blood osmolarity, electrolytes, and metabolites among adult rats treated with a neurotoxic dose of MSG1☆

Abstract Adult rats were given large doses of MSG (4 g/kg) or isosmolar amounts of sodium chloride or L-alanine intraperitoneally or by forced intubation. Blood or plasma samples from these rats where assayed for osmolarity, hematocrit, pH, and concentrations of protein, sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, magnesium, and urea nitrogen. Intraperitoneal MSG produced characteristic hypothalamic lesions; MSG by gavage failed to do so. Intraperitoneal MSG also caused major increases in plasma osmolarity, hemoconcentration, hypovolemia, alkalosis, hypernatremia, and uremia; plasma levels of chloride and potassium fell significantly. Administration of MSG by gavage caused much smaller changes in plasma osmolarity and sodium, and no significant changes in hematocrit, plasma protein or plasma urea nitrogen. Administration of sodium chloride or L-alanine (agents not known to produce the characteristics MSG brain lesions) caused some, but not all, of the metabolic changes seen after MSG. These observations suppot the hypothesis that the ability of large, concentrated doses of MSG to produce brain lesions in susceptible species involves a two-step process, i.e., initial damage to the blood-brain barrier for glutamate, followed by entry of the circulating amino acid into the extracellular space of the brain.
A computational study of the reaction between FO radicals and methane

Abstract The energetics of the reactions of FO radicals with methane is examined using ab initio molecular methods. The best estimate of the heat of reaction Δ H 0 r,0 is 4.2 ± 2 kcal mol −1 and Δ H ≠ 0 is 16.1 ± 2 kcal mol −1 calculated at the QCISD(T)/6-311 + + G(2df,2p) level of theory. The atmospheric implication of this activation energy is discussed.
Exploring the Role of Metonymy in Mathematical Understanding and Reasoning: The Concept of Derivative as an Example.

Abstract In this paper we examine the roles that metonymy may play in student reasoning. To organize this discussion we use the lens of a structured derivative framework. The derivative framework consists of three layers of process–object pairs, one each for ratio, limit, and function. Each of the layers can then be illustrated in any appropriate context, for example graphically as slope, verbally as rate of change, or kinesthetically as velocity. We will illustrate three main cases of metonymy using data from student reasoning with derivative–paradigmatic metonymy, individual metonymy and part–part metonymy. Metonymies may function both in powerful and problematic ways for students as they come to understand and work with a complicated concept such as the derivative. It is the goal of this paper to illuminate and clarify how metonymy may function in student reasoning in the hopes of providing insights to teachers and researchers.
Charged particles in Einstein's unified field theory

The structure of charged particles in Einstein's unified field theory---the theory of the nonsymmetric field---is analyzed. A charged particle is represented through a time-independent spherically symmetric solution to the field equations. Using this idealization, it is shown that the structure of a charged particle is completely determined by the field equations, the condition that the symmetric part of the field be flat at infinity, and the requirement that the particle interact with other charged particles over laboratory distances via the conventional electromagnetic interaction. The structure of a charged particle is described in detail, and the limitations of the idealization of spherical symmetry are discussed. The nonconventional electromagnetic interaction over astronomical distances and its possible empirical consequences are examined.
The nonlinear response of the polar cap potential under southward IMF: A statistical view

[1] We report the results of an investigation into the effect of solar wind properties on the saturation of the polar cap potential (CPCP) during periods of strongly southward IMF. We use propagated solar wind data to search for periods between 1998 and 2007 when the interplanetary electric field is stable for more than 50 min and placed further conditions on the availability of SuperDARN and DMSP velocity data. CPCP values are calculated from these data sets and various fits of the polar cap potential to the interplanetary electric field (IEF) are compared. It is found that the trend is nonlinear, with a square root function fitting better than a straight line, and that the CPCP does not appear to exhibit asymptotic behavior. The nonlinearity of the CPCP is then correlated with various interplanetary parameters to test the various models of polar cap potential saturation. It is also found that the deviation of the CPCP from a linear fit has statistically significant correlation with solar wind Alfvenic Mach number and no significant correlation with solar wind dynamic pressure.
η5-Pentadienyltricarbonylmanganese, an “open” analog of cymantrene

Abstract 2,4-Pentadienyltrimethyltin, obtained by the reaction of pentadienyllithium with trimethyltin chloride, reacted with bromopentacarbonylmanganese in refluxing tetrahydrofuran to give η5-pentadienyltricarbonylmanganese in 52% yield.
Accrual reliability, earnings persistence, and stock prices: revisited

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to replicate Richardson et al.’s (2005) study on how accrual components’ reliability affects earnings persistence and whether investors anticipate the lower earnings persistence through stock return. In this study, the authors use more recent data to examine whether the previous results still hold. Design/methodology/approach – The authors run the analysis using Richardson et al.’s (2005) design of ordinary least squares and report the results using Fama and Macbeth’s (1973) procedures. Findings – The results corroborate Richardson et al.’s (2005) conclusions that lower reliability of total accrual (accrual components) leads to lower earnings persistence. Originality/value – This study replicates Richardson et al. (2005) using more recent US data. The results in this paper confirm the general conclusion in the original study: less reliable accruals lead to lower earnings persistence.
Sodium-23, cesium-133 and thallium-205 NMR study of sodium, cesium and thallium complexes with large crown ethers in nonaqueous solutions

Formation constants for complexes of dibenzo-21-crown-7, dibenzo-24-crown-8 and dibenzo-27-crown-9 with the Na+, Cs+ and Tl+ ions have been determined by multinuclear NMR measurements in several nonaqueous solvents. The measurements of the cesium complexes were carried out at different temperatures and the enthalpy and entropy of complexation were determined from the temperature dependence of the formation constants.
Rescue of a Cytopathic Paramyxovirus from Peripheral Blood Leukocytes in Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis

An infectious, cytopathic paramyxovirus was rescued from the peripheral blood leukocytes of a patient with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) by cocultivation procedures. Cells infected with the virus (1) demonstrated polykaryocytosis, (2) contained cytoplasmic inclusion bodies of paramyxoviral nucleocapsids, (3) hemadsorbed monkey erythrocytes, and (4) reacted with fluorescein-conjugated antisera to measles virus. On the basis of these observations, the virus was initially believed to be measles-like virus similar to those that have been rescued from other patients with SSPE. However, subsequent immunologic and molecular studies showed that the virus was distinct from measles virus and was more closely related to simian virus 5. These findings suggest that paramyxoviruses other than measles virus can be nonproductively carried by patients with SSPE and should not be designated as "measles like" or "measles related" solely on the basis of their biologic characteristics.
The scattering matrix for the Hilbert modular group

In this paper, we compute the scattering matrix for the Hilbert modular group over any number field K. We then compute the determinant of the scattering matrix and show it is a ratio of completed Dedekind zeta functions associated to the Hilbert class field of K. This generalizes work of Efrat and Sarnak in the imaginary quadratic case.
On the statistical solution of the Riemann equation and its implications for Burgers turbulence

The statistics of the multivalued solutions of the forced Riemann equation, ut+uux=f, is considered. An exact equation for the signed probability density function of these solutions and their gradient ξ=ux is derived, and some properties of this equation are analyzed. It is shown in particular that the tails of the signed probability density function generally decay as |ξ|−3 for large |ξ|. Further considerations give bounds on the cumulative probability density function for the velocity gradient of the solution of Burgers equation.
Editorial Focus: Cardiac function of the lizard king: focus on "Ca2+ cycling in cardiomyocytes from a high-performance reptile, the varanid lizard (Varanus exanthematicus)".

varanid lizards (genus Varanus), which include the Komodo dragon (Varanus komodoensis), are among the most adaptive reptile species on earth. Scientific explanation of the diverse varanid behavior (44 species spread across Australia, Asia, and Africa) relies on an understanding of their cardiac