cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Roadside Measurements of Deforestation in the Amazon Area of Bolivia

This study describes the deforestation impact from three settlements, 5 de Junio, El Tigre, and 30 de Agosto, near the Madidi National Park in Bolivia. First deforestation rates along the road that connects the settlements and then deforestation within each settlement are examined. Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) imagery from 1987, 1997, and 2000 were used to measure the deforestation. Face-to-face interviews were also used to collect detailed social and land-use information. Road-building and farming have been the major causes of deforestation in this region. The TM measurements indicate a high increase in the deforestation rate along the road in the area of study. The results also show a rapidly escalating deforestation rate in 5 de Junio, a potential high future deforestation rate in El Tigre, and a gradual deforestation increase in 30 de Agosto. The information provided by the settlers about clearing was compared with the imagery analysis. Generally, the settler's estimates were lower than the deforestation as derived from the imagery.
Use of a Photovoltaic Receptor in a Phototitrator

Abstract In phototitrators especially designed to allow operation in ambient light, a photovoltaic device, the Texas Instrument LS 222, may be used instead of the photoresistive diode Texas Instrument 1N2175. This permits elimination of one battery, and a simplier circuit. Construction and performance of the titrator are otherwise identical.
Cytochrome P450 Isozymes and Antiepileptic Drug Interactions

Recent findings about individual isoforms of the cytochromes P450 involved in the metabolism of phenytoin (PHT) and carbamazepine (CBZ) make prediction of inhibition-based interactions possible. PHT is eliminated principally by hydroxylation to p-HPPH, a reaction catalyzed primarily by CYP2C9 and secondarily by CYP2C19 (S-mephenytoin hydroxylase). The principle of isoform specificity (drugs metabolized by the same isoform should exhibit interactions with the same inhibitors) was applied to the interactions of PHT with 17 inhibitors using two probes for CYP2C9, S-warfarin and tolbutamide. Eleven of 17 interactions (sulfaphenazole, phenylbutazone, fluconazole, azapropazone, cotrimoxazole, propoxyphene, miconazole, amiodarone, disulfiram, metronidazole, and stiripentol) could be explained by inhibition of CYP2C9. The remaining interactions (felbamate, omeprazole, cimetidine, fluoxetine, imipramine, and diazepam) were attributed to inhibition of CYP2C19. For CBZ, studies utilizing chemical inhibitors, immunoinhibition, liver bank correlations, and expressed enzymes established that CYP3A4 is the main enzyme catalyzing formation of CBZ-10, 11-epoxide. This explains the pronounced interactions of CBZ with erythromycin, troleandomycin, and other macrolide antibiotics (clarithromycin, josamycin, flurythromycin, and ponsinomycin). Work is in progress to explain the interactions of CBZ with other inhibitors. The literature contains no other information on isoforms involved in the metabolism of other major antiepileptic drugs.
Geophysical variables and behavior: LXXIII. Ubiquitous errors: a reanalysis of Anderson's (1987) "temperature and aggression"

Reanalysis of Anderson's 1987 data showed that correlations between number of hot days and violence shrank to nonsignificance when variables indicative of the South's subculture of violence were statistically controlled. The reanalyses also indicated that Anderson's results were unique to the procedures he used to select sociodemographic controls, operationalize temperature, and combine crime rates. It is concluded that relations described in a review of research on temperature and violence are neither ubiquitous nor effects.
The effects of intrinsic pathway protease deficiencies on plasminogen-deficient mice

Plasminogen (Plg)–deficient mice experience wasting and have decreased longevity due to disseminated fibrin deposition. We generated mice with combined deficiencies of Plg and coagulation factor IX (fIX) or XI (fXI) to determine the effects on the Plg null phenotype. Mice lacking Plg and fIX (Plg–/–/fIX–/–) have lower mortality at age 6 months than Plg–/–/fIX+/+ mice (15% and 67%, respectively) and less severe wasting, consistent with the importance of fIX in fibrin formation. In contrast, combined Plg and fXI deficiency (Plg–/–/fXI–/–) reduces life span (more than 90% mortality at 6 months) and is associated with leukocyte infiltration of the lungs and pulmonary fibrosis. These abnormalities are not seen in Plg–/– or Plg–/–/fIX–/– animals. Activated fXI is thought to function primarily as a fIX activator; however, our observation suggests that fXI may have functions in regulation of inflammation or tissue repair distinct from its role in coagulation.
Are There Differing Patterns of Health Care Access and Utilization Among Male Sexual Minorities in the United States

Disparities in health care access and utilization among male sexual minorities in the United States were explored using data from the National Survey of Family Growth (N = 8,846). Bisexual men had a small disadvantage in health insurance coverage but no differences were found in health insurance or consistency of coverage between gay and heterosexual men. Gay men were more likely to have a usual place of care, but were not more likely to utilize services. The current study provides inconclusive evidence for systematic disparities in health care access and utilization among gay and bisexual men in the United States.
Characterization of defects in real surfaces by ellipsometry

Abstract It is shown that ellipsometry can be used for nondestructive characterization of defects in surface layers of both single crystal and amorphous materials. Results of ellipsometric measurements on surfaces of materials such as silicon, potassium chloride and glasses, with widely varying preparatory histories are presented and discussed.
Patient Selection and Outcome of Hepatectomy for Noncolorectal Non-Neuroendocrine Liver Metastases

Improved patient selection, introduction of more effective systemic treatments including targeted biologic and combined therapies, and the low morbidity and mortality rates of hepatobiliary surgery in centers of excellence are likely to provide continued improvements in outcomes for patients with noncolorectal non-neuroendocrine liver metastases. Further advances in treatment may emerge from better understanding of the underlying tumor biology for each cancer type and application of individualized care to each patient.
The Use of Answering Machines and Caller ID to Regulate Home Privacy

Residential telephone service can be conceptualized as a permeable boundary surrounding the home territory through which both desired and unwanted interactions can penetrate. Since the deployment of answering machines and caller ID, callees can screen calls to identify callers before answering. The screening capa- bilities of these technologies were hypothesized to afford privacy-regulating patterns of answering calls. The hypothesis was supported when undergraduates chose to answer hypothetical calls from desirable and undesirable callers identified using an answering machine or caller ID (Study 1). The subjective social distance of callers from callees was found to systematically influence callees' normative approval of screening and then not answering calls (Study 2). The results support the notions that people will regulate residential telephone interactions when given the technological means and that they will form new norms that govern use of these technologies to con- trol privacy.
Bringing design considerations to the mobile phone and driving debate

Though legislation is increasingly discouraging drivers from holding on to their mobile phones while talking, hands-free devices do not improve driver safety. We offer two design alternatives to improve driver safety in the contexts of voice-based user interfaces and mobile phone conversations in cars' side tones (auditory feedback used in landline phones) and location of speakers. In a 2 (side tone: present vs. not) x 2 (location of speakers: headphones vs. dashboard) between-participants experiment (N=48), we investigated the impact of these features upon driver experience and performance on a simulated mobile phone conversation while driving. Participants became more verbally engaged in the conversation when side tones were present, but also experienced more cognitive load. Participants drove more safely when voices were projected from the dashboard rather than from headphones. Implications for driver user interface design are discussed.
Testing the viability of webDMDX for masked priming experiments

The DMDX software package (Forster & Forster, 2003) is a Windows-based application that displays stimuli and records responses. Recent developments in this program have made it possible to deploy DMDX experiments over the Internet. This study evaluates the viability of the web-deployable implementation of DMDX, or webDMDX, for masked priming experiments. A lexical decision task (LDT) with masked repetition priming on high- and low-frequency words and an e/a letter detection task were conducted with both lab-based DMDX (labDMDX; Experiment 1) and webDMDX. The webDMDX experiments were run on lab computers (Experiments 2) and on different (unknown) hardware (Experiment 3). The labDMDX and webDMDX experiments yielded comparable results on the LDT. In the e/a-detection task, the only important difference observed among the tests was between the lab-based experiment (Experiment 1) and the first webDMDX experiment (Experiment 2), at the 50 ms display duration. However, after a minor change in keyword coding (Experiment 2 follow-up) and an adjustment to the millisecond-to-retrace conversion process (Experiment 3), the detection rates at all display durations were similar in both labDMDX and webDMDX. Taken together, these results indicate the utility of webDMDX for masked priming experiments as well as for other time-sensitive methodologies.
Validation and application of a solid phase chemistry method for preparation of high effective specific activity technetium-99m radiopharmaceuticals

Solid phase chemistry with UltraLink Iodoacetyl gel was investigated as a method for removing excess ligand present in preparations of diaminedithiol (DADT) 99mTc radiopharmaceuticals. The process was optimized and tested under 99mTc labeling conditions with 2,2,4,9,9-pentamethyl-4,7-diaza-1,10-decanedithiol (N-methyl-DADT), 1, and 4-(1-(2'-methoxyphenyl) piperazinylbutyl)-2,2,9,9-tetramethyl-4,7-diaza-1,10 -decanedithiol (DADT-4C-MPP), 2, a serotonin receptor-binding ligand. The results illustrated that this gel removed > or = 99.9% excess ligand used in labeling reactions, and was comparable to the level of purification usually obtained by the more labor intensive method of HPLC.
Fluorescence Polarization Testing of Amniotic Fluid as Predictor of Neonatal Respiratory Outcome

In the limited terms of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), neonatal respiratory outcome has been correlated with fluorescence polarization assays of amniotic fluid. Respiratory outcome in terms of the severity of RDS, as well as the duration of respiratory support, has not.During a 4-year period, 179 patients delivering within 72 h of amniotic fluid analysis by fluorescence polarization were reviewed for neonatal respiratory outcome. The degree of respiratory distress and respiratory support was determined and stratified by TDx-FLM values.Overall risk of RDS for patients delivering within 72 h of fluid sampling was 13.8%. Risk of RDS for FLM values >50 mg/g was 5.3%, with an average duration of respiratory support of 2.1 days. No long-term RDS-related sequelae were encountered in samples in which FLM values exceeded 50 mg/g. RDS occurred in 4.0% of patients with FLM >70 mg/g; in all but one case, however, simultaneous chromatographic analysis (lecithin/sphingomyelin and phosphotidylglycerol) in...
Computational physics: A quantum puzzle revisited

Computational condensed-matter physics acquires a novel compass in the search for unknown stable structures. This global phase-space search algorithm demonstrates its power in solving the complex high-pressure phases of hydrogen.
Dense baryon matter calculations with realistic potentials

Abstract The equation of state for dense hyperonic matter is calculated from five potential interaction models. The form of the potential is the same as that of Reid, a sum of Yukawa functions, the coefficients of which are adjusted separately in each partial wave to fit experimental nucleon-nucleon data. The strong short-range central repulsion dominates the equation of state at high density, so special care is taken to make the strengths of the repulsive term consistent with meson theory. A simplified version of the constrained variational technique of Pandharipande is used to calculate the energy versus density. The calculation is performed for neutron matter and a mixture of nucleons and hyperons, M ≦ 1236 MeV. The various interaction models produce a spread of about 30% in the equations of state, which are generally suffer than the equation of state calculated from the Reid potential by Pandharipande. This difference arises because our models have a more realistic repulsion than Reid's potential.
Routine Bone Marrow and CSF Analysis Following Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation (AlloHCT) in Children with Leukemia: Lack of Consensus and Questionable Utility

s / Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 21 (2015) S206eS239 S232 use. Prospective collaboration among pediatric AlloHCT centers may help to provide conclusive evidence.
Liquid phase thermochemical energy conversion systems - An application of Diels-Alder chemistry

Thermochemical energy conversion at moderate or low temperature (> about 400°C) employing liquid phase components throughout a cycle is suggested as a promising concept for high-efficiency conversion of various energy sources (e.g. solar or industrial waste heat) to a convenient chemical form. In particular, we propose liquid phase Diels-Alder cycloaddition chemistry as an important class of reversible reactions for such low or moderate temperature thermochemical energy conversion systems. One of the important attributes of thermally driven Diels-Alder reactions is their concerted mechanism, with consequent high yields and efficiencies relative to liquid photochemical systems. Since the systems we propose involve organic species, with thermal stability concerns above about 400°C, it is important to demonstrate equilibrium shift capability for the highly energetic reactions sought. We have therefore carried out experimental studies with model liquid Diels-Alder systems that clearly demonstrate the degree of control over equilibrium available through substituent entropy effects. For example, Keq is unity at about 420°C (T*) for the anthracene/maleic anhydride system (in solvent) while a phenyl substituent on the anthracene or isopropyl substituent on the anhydride reduce T* to about 200°C at constant ΔH0. These results are of importance as regards subsequent systematic identification of Diels-Alder reactions having ideal thermochemical and physical properties. We also have developed a rapid NMR technique for qualitative screening of candidate reactions, and have applied this technique to the study of various bicyclic diene/fumaric acid ester systems. Our paper further points to the need for better understanding of the catalysis likely required for these liquid phase Diels-Alder reactions.
Role of moisture in the Seebeck effect in cement-based materials

Moisture in the form of liquid water contributes little, if any, to the Seebeck effect in cement-based materials. Moisture loss has no effect on the absolute thermoelectric power, but increases the electrical resistivity.
Single global lock semantics in a weakly atomic STM

As memory transactions have been proposed as a language-level replacement for locks, there is growing need for well-defined semantics. In contrast to database transactions, transaction memory (TM) semantics are complicated by the fact that programs may access the same memory locations both inside and outside transactions. Strongly atomic semantics, where non-transactional accesses are treated as implicit single-operation transactions, remain difficult to provide without specialized hardware support and/or significant performance overhead. As an alternative, many in the community have informally proposed that a single global lock semantics [16, 9], where transaction semantics are mapped to those of regions protected by a single global lock, provide an intuitive and efficiently implementable model for programmers.In this paper, we explore the implementation and performance implications of single global lock semantics in a weakly atomic STM from the perspective of Java, and we discuss why even recent STM implementations fall short of these semantics. We describe a new weakly atomic Java STM implementation that provides single global lock semantics while permitting concurrent execution, but we show that this comes at a significant performance cost. We also propose and implement various alternative semantics that loosen single lock requirements while still providing strong guarantees. We compare our new implementations to previous ones, including a strongly atomic STM. [22]
Social Movements: An Anthropological Reader

Social Movements: An Anthropological Reader. June C. Nash, ed. Williston, VT: Blackwell Publishers, 2005. 344 pp.
Applied FEM techniques in ceramic feedthru package design

With the advent of high power GaAs MMIC devices, hermetic feedthru microelectronic packages have become increasingly more important in aerospace applications. Critical to the design of this product, is the thermal expansion mismatch that takes place during brazing between package components. This thermal expansion mismatch produces high residual stresses in the alumina feedthru that, depending on the severity, can lead to premature component failure. In the present work, ANSYS/spl trade/ finite element method software has been coupled with CARES/Life failure probability design software to quantitatively determine the reliability of this package.
Axon degeneration: Molecular mechanisms of a self-destruction pathway

Axon degeneration is a characteristic event in many neurodegenerative conditions including stroke, glaucoma, and motor neuropathies. However, the molecular pathways that regulate this process remain unclear. Axon loss in chronic neurodegenerative diseases share many morphological features with those in acute injuries, and expression of the Wallerian degeneration slow (WldS) transgene delays nerve degeneration in both events, indicating a common mechanism of axonal self-destruction in traumatic injuries and degenerative diseases. A proposed model of axon degeneration is that nerve insults lead to impaired delivery or expression of a local axonal survival factor, which results in increased intra-axonal calcium levels and calcium-dependent cytoskeletal breakdown.
Paradigm shifts in the management of osteoradionecrosis of the mandible

Osteoradionecrosis (ORN) of the mandible is a significant complication of radiation therapy for head and neck cancer. In this condition, bone within the radiation field becomes devitalized and exposed through the overlying skin or mucosa, persisting as a non-healing wound for three months or more. In 1926, Ewing first recognized the bone changes associated with radiation therapy and described them as "radiation osteitis". In 1983, Marx proposed the first staging system for ORN that also served as a treatment protocol. This protocol advocated that patients whose disease progressed following conservative therapy (hyperbaric oxygen (HBO), local wound care, debridement) were advanced to a radical resection with a staged reconstruction utilizing a non-vascularized bone graft. Since the introduction of Marx's protocol, there have been advances in surgical techniques (i.e. microvascular surgery), as well as in imaging techniques, which have significantly impacted on the diagnosis and management of ORN. High resolution CT scans and orthopantamograms have become a key component in evaluating and staging ORN, prior to formulating a treatment plan. Patients can now be stratified based on imaging and clinical findings, and treatment can be determined based on the stage of disease, rather than determining the stage of disease based on a patient's response to a standardized treatment protocol. Reconstructions are now routinely performed immediately after resection of the diseased tissue rather than in a staged fashion. Furthermore, the transfer of well-vascularized hard and soft tissue using microvascular surgery have brought the utility of HBO treatment in advanced ORN into question.
PREDICTION OF WITHIN‐SCHOOL SYSTEM VARIANCE IN TEST SCORES FROM WITHIN‐COMMUNITY VARIANCE IN SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS 1

Prediction of school systems' scores on cognitive tests from average socioeconomic indices for communities has proved very helpful for several applications. It would also be useful to be able to predict within-school system variance in test scores from within-community variance in socioeconomic status. The present study examined correlations between standard deviations of test scores and an index of within-community variability in income. These correlations were of borderline significance. It was noted that correlations among test standard deviations themselves were quite low, suggesting that within-school system variance is a characteristic of less generality than school systems' median performance in different test areas.
Placebo‐controlled trial of rituximab in IgM anti–myelin‐associated glycoprotein antibody demyelinating neuropathy

Objective Report a double-blind, placebo-controlled study of rituximab in patients with anti–MAG demyelinating polyneuropathy (A-MAG-DP). Methods Twenty-six patients were randomized to four weekly infusions of 375mg/m2 rituximab or placebo. Sample size was calculated to detect changes of ≥1 Inflammatory Neuropathy Course and Treatment (INCAT) leg disability scores at month 8. IgM levels, anti-MAG titers, B cells, antigen-presenting cells, and immunoregulatory T cells were monitored every 2 months. Results Thirteen A-MAG-DP patients were randomized to rituximab and 13 to placebo. Randomization was balanced for age, electrophysiology, disease duration, disability scores, and baseline B cells. After 8 months, by intention to treat, 4 of 13 rituximab-treated patients improved by ≥1 INCAT score compared with 0 of 13 patients taking placebo (p = 0.096). Excluding one rituximab-randomized patient who had normal INCAT score at entry, and thus could not improve, the results were significant (p = 0.036). The time to 10m walk was significantly reduced in the rituximab group (p = 0.042) (intention to treat). Clinically, walking improved in 7 of 13 rituximab-treated patients. At month 8, IgM was reduced by 34% and anti-MAG titers by 50%. CD25+CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory cells significantly increased by month 8. The most improved patients were those with high anti-MAG titers and most severe sensory deficits at baseline. Interpretation Rituximab is the first drug that improves some patients with A-MAG-DP in a controlled study. The benefit may be exerted by reducing the putative pathogenic antibodies or by inducing immunoregulatory T cells. The results warrant confirmation with a larger trial. Ann Neurol 2009;65:286–293
Energy transfer between covalently linked metal porphyrins

Abstract A zinc porphyrin is linked covalently to either a copper or a cobalt porphyrin by a peptide linkage containing either a p-phenylene or an ethylene group. These double porphyrins were prepared by reacting the acid chloride of 2-carboxyl-12,17-diethyl-3,7,8,13,18-pentamethyl-porphyrin with either p-phenylenediamine or ethylenediamine and subsequent reaction with a second acid chloride porphyrin. In rigid solutions of 2-methyltetrahydrofuran at 77° K intramolecular energy transfer from the zinc triplet state to that of the copper tripdoublet is manifested in a shortening of the zinc porphyrin triplet state lifetime from 46 ± 1 to 34 ± 1 msec in the ethylene bridged dimers. In the cobalt-zinc ethylene bridged dimers triplet energy transfer from the zinc chromophore is more efficient as manifested in the complete quenching of the zinc phosphorescence. Calculations suggest that in the copper-zinc case energy transfer proceeds by a triplet-triplet exchange mechanism whereas in the cobalt-zinc case, quenching of the zinc triplet proceeds by the formation of a charge transfer complex. There is no evidence for triplet-triplet energy transfer in the phenylene bridged double porphyrins. Singlet-singlet energy transfer is not observed in any of the above systems.
Unravelling the determinants of insular body size shifts.

The island rule, a pattern of size shifts on islands, is an oft-cited but little understood phenomenon of evolutionary biology. Here, we explore the evolutionary mechanisms behind the rule in 184 mammal species, testing climatic, ecological and phylogenetic hypotheses in a robust quantitative framework. Our findings confirm the importance of species’ ecological traits in determining both the strength and the direction of body size changes on islands. Although the island rule pattern appears relatively weak overall, we find strongest support for models incorporating trait, climatic and geographical factors in a phylogenetic context, lending support to the idea that the island rule is a complex phenomenon driven by interacting intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms. Overall, we find that different clades may be evolutionarily predisposed to dwarfism or gigantism, but the magnitude of size changes depends more on adaptation to the novel island environment.
International Terrorism and the World‐System

Theories of international terrorism are reviewed. It then is noted that waves of terrorism appear in semiperipheral zones of the world-system during pulsations of globalization when the dominant state is in decline. Finally, how these and other factors might combine to suggest a model of terrorism's role in the cyclical undulations of the world-system is suggested.
Performance evaluation of load distribution strategies in parallel branch and bound computations

Load distribution is essential for efficient use of available processors in a parallel branch-and-bound computation because the computation generates and consumes non-uniform subproblems at runtime. This paper presents six decentralized load distribution strategies. They are incorporated in a runtime support system, and evaluated in the solution of set partitioning problems on two parallel computer systems. It is observed that local averaging strategies outperform the randomized allocation and the Acwn algorithm significantly in large scale systems. They lead to an almost linear speedup in a PowerPC-based system with up to 32 nodes and to a speedup of 146.8 in a transputer-based system with 256 nodes. It is also observed that the randomized allocation and the Acwn algorithm can be improved by 10% to 15% when the bound information of subproblems is accounted for in the decision-making for load balancing.
Does Calvo Meet Rotemberg at the Zero Lower Bound

This paper compares the Calvo model with the Rotemberg model in a fully nonlinear dynamic new Keynesian framework with an occasionally binding zero lower bound (ZLB) on nominal interest rates. Although the two models are equivalent to a rst-order approximation, they generate very dierent results regarding the policy functions and the government spending multiplier based on nonlinear solutions. The multiplier in the Calvo model is less than one for low persistence of the government spending shock and rises above one as the persistence increases, but eventually decreases with the persistence and falls below one for suciently high persistence. In addition, the multiplier increases with the duration of the ZLB. By contrast, the multiplier in the Rotemberg model is less than one and decreases with the persistence. Surprisingly, it also decreases with the duration of the ZLB.
Green Man Rising: Spirituality and Sustainable Strategic Management

One of the most enduring spiritual images in western art, literature, and religion is the Green Man (the Jack of the Wood): “the archetype of our oneness with the earth” (Anderson, Green Man: The Archetype of Our Oneness with the Earth, Harper Collins, San Francisco: 1990, p. 3). The Green Man has recently awakened from a long sleep, and his primary targets for renewal are business organizations that create pollution, resource depletion, waste, and human misery in their efforts to earn profits. With the rising Green Man comes a new economic story rooted in a rapidly growing global movement that is putting real pressure on business organizations to function in more sustainable ways that protect society and the natural environment. Leading organizations as they become more sustainable requires spiritually motivated strategic managers who can guide organizations as they transform into cultures built on deeply held values for the sacredness of nature, humankind, and posterity. The result of this transformation is the creation of spiritual capital in organizations, a kind of wealth earned by serving humankind and the planet. Firms that can successfully make this transformation will climb up the coevolutionary spiral into higher-level organizations with higher expectations, values, and purposes.
Size and Surface Effects on Stress-Diffusion Coupling in Silicon Nanowire Electrodes

The development of diffusion-induced stresses (DIS) in amorphous alloy nanowire-based Li-ion battery electrodes is analyzed using a finite deformation model with full diffusion/stress coupling. The analyses reveal significant contributions to the driving force for diffusion by stress gradients, an effect much stronger than those seen in cathode lattices, but so far neglected for alloy-based anodes. A significant contribution of surface to overall stresses is also found. The long-term DIS is determined by charging rate, nanowire radius, and Li mobility modulated by stress effects. Stress-enhanced diffusion (SED) is negligible when lithium concentration is low, leading to significantly higher DIS levels in the early stage of a charging cycle. This finding points out the need to use lower charging rates in the initial stages of charging cycles of amorphous lithium alloy anodes.
L’aliénation, le conséquentialisme et les exigences de la morale

Parution originale sous le titre « Alienation, Consequentialism and the Demands of Morality » dans Philosophy and Social Affairs, vol. 13, No. 2 (Printemps 1984), pp. 134-171. Traduit de l’anglais par Eric Guidon, revise par Christine Tappolet. Nous aimerions remercier Peter Railton pour avoir relu cette traduction.
Response Measurement Accuracy for Off-Resonance Excitation in Atomic Force Microscopy

Dynamic atomic force microscopy (AFM) is an invaluable tool for characterizing and interacting with micro- and nano-scale systems. Standard measurement methods use a laser beam and a segmented photodiode to monitor the probe’s response. The diode reading is proportional to the slope of the probe and the displacement is obtained indirectly. As most operation methods use excitation around the fundamental frequency, calibration methods for determining the conversion factor to calculate the probe’s displacement are strongly inspired by the first vibrational mode shape. Within this paper, the results of an analytical study to predict measurement accuracy under non-standard excitation conditions with this calibration are presented. The influence of the excitation frequency, damping level, and laser spot location on this accuracy is investigated. The measurement accuracy for excitation at 2.5 times the fundamental frequency is of particular interest to the authors. Based upon the results, the use of a correction factor or a frequency-specific calibration is recommended.© 2010 ASME
Use of the flexure test for determining environmental behavior of fibrous composites

Use of the unidirectional flexure test for assessing environmental effects on organix matrix composites is investigated. Results show that moisture and temperature induce a change in failure mode from filament dominated to matrix dominated. Thus, the flexure test provides a simple means for determining environmental conditions which induce significant changes in mechanical behavior related to flexure-stress conditions. Environmental test procedures are also emphasized.
Physiological Response of Behavior and Stress in Breeding Group of Przewalskii Horse during Releasing Process

The day time budget and fecal cortisol concentration of a breeding group of Przewalskii horse(1♂,5♀) were studied which was released in Xinjing Kalamaili ungulate nature reserve in May 20,2010.The results showed that:① Compare to pre-release,the stallion and harem moving time budget increased significantly(P0.05),and the grazing and recumbent rest time increased a little(P0.05);the time of standing,standing resting behavior and drinking spent decreased obviously(P0.05),grooming and other behaviour decreased a little(P0.05);mark excretions behaviour of stallion decreased significantly after release(P0.05).② The baseline of fecal cortisol level of the stallion was higher than harem(P0.05);compared to the mean cortisol level of pre-release,the cortisol concentration of the first day post-release got to the peak both stallion and harem(P0.05).After release,the forth-day of stallion and the third-day of harem want back to the baseline.This study was helpful to reintroduction of Przewalskii horse and it could provide the scientific data in future research.
Glued to the Sofa: Exploring Guilt and Television Binge-Watching Behaviors

iii Acknowledgments iv Introduction 1 Literature Review 2 Guilt vs. Guilt-Free Television Viewing 2 Amount and Duration of Binge-Watching 4 Genre 7 Social Context 8 Viewing Technology 10 Methods 14 Sampling and Procedures 14 Perceptions of Binge Viewership 16 Amount and Duration 16 Genre 17 Social Viewing vs. Solitary Viewing 18 Content Platform 18 Viewing Medium 19 Findings 19 Perceptions of Binge Viewership 19 Amount and Duration 20 Genre 22 Social Viewing vs. Solitary Viewing 22 Content Platform 23 Viewing Medium 24 Discussion 25 Defining Binge Viewership 25 Amount and Duration 26 Genre 27 Social Viewing vs. Solitary Viewing 29 Content Platform 30 Viewing Medium 32 Insight from Open-Ended Responses 33 Conclusion 34 Works Cited 37 Appendix 1 49
Artificial Neural Networks and Neuro-Fuzzy Systems

Computational Intelligence is a discipline within Artificial Intelligence and it studies the topics of Fuzzy Sets and Systems, Neural Networks, Genetic Algorithms, Swarm Intelligence and combination of these topics (see Engelbrecht [55]). The present chapter will present an introduction to the Theory of Neural Networks, and also the combination of Neural and Fuzzy systems, i.e., the Adaptive Network-based Fuzzy Inference System (Jang [81]).
Petrophysical Rock Typing of Unconventional Shale Plays: A Case Study for the Niobrara Formation of the Denver-Julesburg (DJ) Basin

A petrophysical rock typing has been performed based on a methodology that integrated depositional and petrophysical rock analysis to identify distinct rock types in the Niobrara Formation of the Denver-Julesburg (DJ) Basin. The depositional rock analysis incorporated a literature study, interpretations of the geologic depositional setting and sequence stratigraphy, core descriptions, and analysis of well-log data. The petrophysical rock analysis was carried out using experimental core data on mineralogy, pore characterization, source rock evaluation, micro-textural image analysis, and ultrasonic acoustic velocity and anisotropy interpretations. Six Niobrara Formation lithofacies and three similar lithofacies-groups (All Marls, Middle Chalks, and Basal Chalk) were identied in the target well interval through the depositional rock analysis within the context of the large-scale geologic framework. The pore-scale petrophysical rock analysis was carried out to investigate whether these lithofacies-groups followed distinct rock types in the Niobrara Formation based on the analysis of experimental core data. The conclusions reached in this study included that, based on the mineralogy, pore structure, and acoustic velocity interpretations, the Basal "Chalk" may be a Basal Marl - at least locally in the studied target well. However, the Basal Chalk rocks contain lowest source rock potential and are not likely to contribute to economic hydrocarbon production for the target well. Both the All Marls and the Basal Chalk rock-groups have higher porosity, smaller pores, and smaller pore throats than the Middle Chalks. The rocks in the Middle Chalks have higher stiffness and pressure compliant pores. The Niobrara Formation is an unconventional petroleum system - its hydrocarbon-rich mudrock units were deposited in a shallow marine environment and have evolved as oil- and gas-prone source and reservoir rocks. Significant pore-scale variability in mineralogy, pore characterization, organic matter distribution, and acoustic velocity and anisotropy properties exist in these rocks. Hydrocarbon production from its low-porosity, nanodarcy permeability, and interbedded chalk-marl reservoir interval is very challenging. The petrophysical rock typing methodology adopted in this case study can be a useful formation evaluation tool for the Niobrara Formation. It can provide valuable information about its rock matrix, such as, the lithofacies identification and descriptions through depositional rock analysis, identifying reservoir and sourcing intervals, mineralogy analysis, organic matter evaluation, pore characterization, and acoustic velocity and anisotropy properties.
Simple Approaches to Analyzing Self-Controlled Case Series (SCCS) Data

ABSTRACTAdverse events that occur at moderate rates can be identified during the development of vaccines. When large populations are vaccinated, new rare adverse events can be observed. Determining whether an observed adverse event is related to a vaccine poses statistical issues. Cohort studies can be biased when comparing vaccinated and unvaccinated cohorts. In self-controlled case series designs, each case acts as his or her own control, eliminating the potential bias between vaccinated and unvaccinated participants in a cohort study. The comparison is whether there is an excess of events close to the time of vaccination versus later in time from the vaccination. In this design, one must specify a time point where the excess risk from the vaccine is thought to be over. We explore the effect of misspecifying this time point and develop analysis methods that do not require the specification of the time point. Power and Type I error rates of different analysis methods are simulated.
Realizing the Spirit and Impact of Adam Smith's Capitalism through Entrepreneurship

Adam Smith argued in The Wealth of Nations and The Theory of Moral Sentiments that in order to create an effective and productive capitalist system, individuals must pursue interests of both the self and society. Despite this assertion, modern economic theory has become tightly focused on the pursuit of economic self-interests at the expense of other, higher order motives. This paper will argue that the tendency to employ such an egocentric strategy often generates externalities and inequalities that serve to detract from the greater welfare of society. However, by tempering these economic self-interests with non-economically motivated considerations, this paper will suggest that individuals may create tremendous benefits to society, precisely as Smith outlined more than two centuries ago. In defense of this assertion, this paper will review an array of theoretical arguments and empirical findings that suggest that today's entrepreneurs are not only seeking to satisfy both selfish and ethical motivations, but in so doing they are also contributing substantially to the overall welfare of society through job creation, wealth redistribution, and a lack of discrimination. As such, it appears that spirit and impact of the capitalist system that Smith envisioned is being realized through entrepreneurship.
Along the Horseshoe

Along the Horseshoe by Maurice R. Beaulieu III This thesis is a major component towards a completed short-story cycle. The author’s work uses a multi-faceted aspect of storytelling by employing its many characters and isolated chapters in a mosaic form. All stories operate independently while simultaneously linking together through familiar characters and setting. Every story involves characters who reside on the same suburban cul-de-sac, which forces them to interact with each other and influencing their lives. By having these characters return, sometimes by a brief presence only and other times by mention of their name, creates a concrete social atmosphere. The author’s work provides several glimpses into the lives of characters who struggle with their past and future decisions. As a collective text, this work echoes themes of family turmoil, grief, dependency, and forgiveness. Moments of broken friendships, teen angst, and infidelity reconcile through character introspection as witnessed from the psychic distance of a third-person limited narrator. Each story leaps to a different month in 1994, creating a non-linear time line of self-contained narratives. References from that year, such as music, film, and important events help construct the character’s fictional universe.
Seasonal Movements and Multiscale Habitat Selection of Whooping Crane (Grus americana) in Natural and Agricultural Wetlands

Eleven of 15 species of cranes (family: Gruidae) are considered vulnerable or endangered, and the increase of agriculture and aquaculture at the expense of natural wetlands and grasslands is a threat to Gruidae worldwide. A reintroduced population of Whooping Crane (Grus americana) was studied in coastal and agricultural wetlands of Louisiana and Texas, USA. The objectives were to compare Whooping Crane movements across seasons, quantify multiscale habitat selection, and identify seasonal shifts in selection. Whooping Cranes (n = 53) were tracked with satellite transmitters to estimate seasonal core-use areas (50% home range contours) via Brownian bridge movement models and assess habitat selection. Whooping Crane core-use areas (n = 283) ranged from 4.7 to 438.0 km2, and habitat selection changed seasonally as shallow water availability varied. Whooping Crane core-use areas were composed of more fresh marsh in spring/summer, but shifted towards rice and crawfish (Procambarus spp.) aquaculture in the fall/winter. Within core-use areas, aquaculture was most strongly selected, particularly in fall when fresh marsh became unsuitable. Overall, the shifting of Whooping Crane habitat selection over seasons is likely to require large, heterogeneous areas. Whooping Crane use of agricultural and natural wetlands may depend on spatio-temporal dynamics of water depth.
Comment on “The Target Parameter of Adjusted R-Squared in Fixed-Design Experiments” by Bar-Gera (2017)

In “The Target Parameter of Adjusted R-Squared in Fixed-Design Experiments” Bar-Gera (2017) quite correctly points out that the coefficient of determination R2 is only an estimate of the squared mu...
Effect of N-Linked Glycosylation of Recombinant Windmill Palm Tree Peroxidase on Its Activity and Stability.

Plant secretory peroxidases are valuable commercial enzymes. The windmill palm tree Trachycarpus fortunei produces one of the most stable and fastest peroxidases (WPTP) characterized to date; however, an economical source is needed. Pichia pastoris has been used as an expression system for WPTP and other peroxidases. However, yeast and plants synthesize different types of N-linked glycan structures and may differ the level of glycosylation at each site. Such non-native glycosylation can have unwanted consequences. Glycosylation site N256 was under-glycosylated in the wild-type (1.5%) compared to the native enzyme (55%); therefore, we mutated WPTP to promote glycosylation at this site (WPTP E254G). Glycosylation increased four-fold, as measured by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. The mutation did not change the substrate specificity and optimal pH- and thermo-stability ranges, but it increased the catalytic activity 2–3-fold. In comparison with wild-type WPTP, WPTP E254G showed a shift of th...
The Role of Lifestyle in Male Infertility: Diet, Physical Activity, and Body Habitus

Increasing attention to primary and secondary prevention of male infertility through modifiable lifestyle factors has gained traction amongst both patients and infertility specialists. In this review, the available evidence of modifiable lifestyle choices, specifically diet, physical activity, and body habitus, are evaluated. Studies examining diet, exercise/physical activity, and body habitus are characterized by conflicting conclusions, difficult confounders, and imperfect end points to judge male reproductive potential. However, convincing trends have emerged implicating consumption of saturated fats, pesticide exposure, high intensity exercise, and extremes of body mass index as detrimental to male fertility. Data assessing modifiable risk factors and subfertility in male partners has emphasized the notion of moderation. Balancing dietary fat, moderation of physical activity, and the management of a healthy body habitus favor both improvement of semen quality and birth outcomes. These observations provide actionable data for the reproductive urologist to better counsel men presenting with infertility.
Payload Accommodations in NASA's Space Launch System, Block 1 and Beyond

As part of NASA's new deep space exploration system, the Space Launch System (SLS) will provide the United States with guaranteed access to deep space and an unparalleled capability for launching primary and co-manifested payloads beyond Earth's orbit. Planned missions for the new SLS family of vehicles include launching the Orion spacecraft and elements of the new Gateway astronaut-tended outpost to lunar orbit and sending robotic probes deep into the solar system, such as to Jupiter's moon Europa. If mission parameters allow, secondary payloads in 6U, 12U or larger sizes will also have rideshare opportunities, providing CubeSats with access to deep space. The SLS vehicle will evolve into progressively more powerful variants with fairings in several sizes available to meet an array of mission needs. Superior mass, volume and characteristic energy (C3) enable sending larger, heavier payloads to a variety of destinations. Several elements of the Block 1 vehicle for the first mission, Exploration Mission-1 (EM-1) are complete and have been delivered to the Exploration Ground Systems (EGS) Program at Kennedy Space Center (KSC), which has responsibility for integrating and launching the vehicle. Contractors are already at work manufacturing the second Block 1 vehicle and incorporating numerous lessons learned in manufacturing America's first super heavy-lift deep space rocket since the Apollo Program's Saturn V enabled humankind to take a giant leap forward.