cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Amphiphilic glycoconjugates as potential anti-cancer chemotherapeutics.

Abstract Amphiphilicity is one of the desirable features in the process of drug development which improves the biological as well as the pharmacokinetics profile of bioactive molecule. Carbohydrate moieties present in anti-cancer natural products and synthetic molecules influence the amphiphilicity and hence their bioactivity. This review focuses on natural and synthetic amphiphilic anti-cancer glycoconjugates. Different classes of molecules with varying degree of amphiphilicity are covered with discussions on their structure-activity relationship and mechanism of action.
Temple Theology, Holistic Eschatology, and the Imago Dei: An Analytic Prolegomenon

In this paper, I offer something of a prolegomenon, outlining some areas in which certain strands of biblical theology and analytic theological reflection can be mutually informative. To do so, my paper unfolds in three ways. In the first section, I provide some reasons to think that biblical theologians are onto a reading of Scripture that merits the attention of analytic theologians. In section II, I outline some areas in the biblical theological data that would benefit from analytic exploration and reflection. Finally, in sections III and IV, I present a test case: the imago Dei and the importance of the future bodily resurrection. This should help show how this strand of biblical theology and analytic theological reflection can be mutually informative.
Microscopic Theories of D at Zero Coverage

In the preceding article some formal relations between tracer and chemical difusion coefficients were outlined, and these quantities were defined in terms of various velocity-velocity correlation functions. No hint was given, however, as to how these might be evaluated, except that D* for wholly non-interacting systems was also presented in terms of an attempt frequency. In fact the problem of calculating D theoretically at finite coverage for interacting systems has so far been attacked only in a very limited way.1 Even these attempts take as their point of departure some assumed model of D* at zero coverage. If only for this reason, it is worth while to look in somewhat more detail at this quantity. Defining D* as $${D^*} = \frac{1}{4}{a^2}{v_{eff}}$$ (1) is clearly not enough since we must have some way of estimating Veff, if only in terms of vibrational frequencies entering in some way through the relevant potential. Since the excitation of such vibrations occurs through interaction with the substrate lattice, the problem clearly requires some sort of statistical approach. This article attempts to outline some of these.
OXIDANTS AND ANTIOXIDANTS | Oxidants

A group of reactive intermediates including electrophiles and free radicals are known as oxidants and are capable of damaging cellular constituents during their generation in normal physiological or pathophysiological processes. The cellular consequences of this damage include enhanced mutation rates, altered cell signaling, and many other damaging events. In many cases, the initially generated reactive intermediates convert cellular constituents into second-generation reactive intermediates capable of inducing further damage. Cells have adapted to the existence of reactive intermediates by the evolution of defense mechanisms called antioxidants that either scavenge these intermediates or repair the damage they cause. Oxidative stress is thought to be a critical process in inflammatory and injurious events that occur in many lung diseases like asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, adult respiratory distress syndrome, and lung cancer. Activated phagocytic cells that are normally resident in the lung and those recruited following lung injury can cause generation of oxidant products. An understanding of the correlation between oxidative stress and initiation of lung diseases needs to be established.
Effect of Cohesive Zone Size on Peeling of Heterogeneous Adhesive Tape

The interaction between the cohesive zone and the elastic stiffness heterogeneity in the peeling of an adhesive tape from a rigid substrate is examined experimentally and with finite element simulations. It is established in the literature that elastic stiffness heterogeneities can greatly enhance the force required to peel a tape without changing the properties of the interface. However, much of these concern brittle materials where the cohesive zone is limited in size. This paper reports the results of peeling experiments performed on pressure-sensitive adhesive tapes with both an elastic stiffness heterogeneity and a substantial cohesive zone. These experiments show muted enhancement in the peeling force and suggest that the cohesive zone acts to smooth out the effect of the discontinuity at the edge of the elastic stiffness heterogeneities, suppressing their effect on peel force enhancement. This mechanism is examined through numerical simulation which confirms that the peel force enhancement depends on the strength of the adhesive and the size of the cohesive zone.
Strengthening to softening transition in lath martensite

Abstract Size induced strengthening, i.e. increase in strength with decreasing sample size, has been reported for a variety of single crystal body centered cubic (bcc) materials. However, studies on bcc lath martensite are very limited, in part due to its complex microstructure and the difficulty of small-scale experimentation. In this work, we demonstrate for the first time a size induced strengthening followed by a softening in bcc lath martensite pillars by reducing pillar diameter from 8 µm to 250 nm. These martensitic pillars are tested under uniaxial compression conducted in-situ inside of a scanning electron microscope. High-resolution microstructural characterization by transmission electron microscopy is used for post-mortem examination of the compressed pillars in order to study the deformation mechanisms governing their plasticity. We find that the size-induced strengthening during compression can be rationalized in terms of the competition between dislocation slip and boundary sliding, while softening at the finest scales is attributed to the boundary sliding mechanisms. Our work provides direct observations of block/lath boundaries behavior during compression as well as new insights into the deformation mechanisms in lath martensite.
A MESENTERIC CYST STIMULATING AN AORTIC ANEURYSM: REPORT OF A CASE.

A mesenteric cyst in a 35-year-old man suddenly underwent rapid enlargement, simulating aortic aneurysm. The classification, pathology, and some problems of diagnosis and treatment are briefly discussed.
A cascade of care for people with epilepsy: learning from “HIV/AIDS 90-90-90”

Epilepsy is now more prevalent in many countries than HIV/AIDS. Building upon the advances of global policymaking for HIV/AIDS and creating a framework for countries and organizations to monitor progress in epilepsy care will help direct and justify much-needed novel programming. Given the clarity of the HIV/AIDS care continuum model and the UNAIDS 90-90-90 targets, I propose this same approach to the cascade of care could be used as a viable framework for people with epilepsy. In this model, the targets of success include (1) ensuring 90% of all people with epilepsy are aware of their diagnosis as a brain disorder, (2) starting 90% of people with epilepsy on quality controlled, appropriately chosen and well stocked antiepileptic drugs, and (3) achieving seizure freedom in 70% of those treated. At least 90% of all people with epilepsy must also be linked to and retained in appropriate care. Although the precise numbers may be debated, this cascade of care approach will assist in deconstructing the barriers to epilepsy care in populations better than the more familiar concept of the epilepsy treatment gap. These reflect concrete goals for health systems for epilepsy care that, if achieved, could lead to seizure freedom for the many people in lower income countries living with poorly controlled epilepsy.
Local Ambivalence in the Arabistan-Basra Frontier, 1881-1925

ABSTRACTThe historiography of Ottoman-Qajar frontiers emphasizes the European creation and promulgation of border control and ethnonationalism. This article considers the way that border dwellers i...
Mount Fuji sign following nasal polypectomy: Conservative management of pneumocephalus

Abstract Pneumocephalus is seen in conjunction with a variety of conditions, particularly traumatic injury, neurosurgical, and ears, nose, and throat (ENT) procedures. We describe the successful, non-operative management with supplemental oxygen of symptomatic pneumocephalus following polypectomy without further complication. This case adds to other case reports of pneumocephalus but differs in the non-invasive, conservative management with supplemental oxygen obviating the need for more invasive neurosurgical intervention such as decompressive craniectomy, burr holes, or drain placement.
“I could get lit to Madonna:” Soundscapes & the First Year Writer’s Composing Process

Abstract The growing body of research on soundscapes has indicated a significant relationship between sound and the ways in which writers compose. Moreover, research surrounding Environment Selecting and – Structure Practices has demonstrated that writers choose environments, tools and other resources to enhance their composing processes. Using screen captures and think aloud protocols, this article examines the effects of soundscapes on first year writers’ composing processes. In a quasi-experimental study, five first year writers completed screen captures with think aloud protocols of shorter, course-based writing tasks in three different soundscapes: silence, ambient noise, and music. Our research illustrates that sound and the absence of it have a clear impact on the writing process, the cognitive processes involved in completing writing tasks, and the overall content of the work.
Investment Advising: Pay-to-Play, or Capture?

In “Theory of Economic Regulation,” Stigler introduces the ideas of demand for, and supply of regulation (Stigler, 1971). Similar to capture in regulation, consultants to institutional investors enhance the benefits of their own firms, create a loss in information ratio to their clients, and reveal capture in their classification schemes, which serve the interests of portfolio managers that demand intermediation. Portfolio managers are modeled as perceptron units with a tactical element and a strategic mandate. The classification schemes of portfolios, supplied by internet platforms of consulting firms, distort the ‘default’ tactical prominence over strategic mandates and reshuffle the reviewed portfolios away from contemporaneous, performance-based rankings. Due to capture, the excess-fee incentive becomes compatible only with inconsistent narratives that the consultants of the firm can deliver to a client. The bifurcation in accountability between client-facing consultants and platform-supporting researchers creates a technology-amplified vacuum perceived by money management firms, which then rush-in to establish advisory capture. In a manner that “defies rational explanation” consulting firms appear cognizant of, but shun the better way to serve their clients (Stigler, 1971:3). In addition to fees, institutional investors stoically bear the loss in risk-adjusted performance, as their responsibility-transfer enables advisory capture. Ultimate realization of the loss due to on-line classifications, combined with conflicting scenarios embedded in classification schemes, may result in systemic-level redemptions that should concern the U.S. and global regulatory authorities. JEL Classification: G11, G18, G23
Optimal systolic blood pressure and reduced long-term mortality in older hypertensive women with prior coronary events - An analysis from INVEST☆.

Background Hypertension and coronary artery disease (CAD) are a prevalent combination in older women, however limited data are available to guide blood pressure (BP) management. We hypothesized that older women with hypertension and CAD may not derive long-term benefit by achieving systolic BP (SBP) < 130 mmHg. Methods We analyzed long-term all-cause mortality data from the International Verapamil SR/Trandolapril Study (INVEST), stratified by risk attributable to clinical severity of CAD (women with prior coronary events of myocardial infarction or revascularization considered high risk, all others at low risk) and by age group (50-64 or ≥65 years). The prognostic impact of achieving mean in-trial SBP <130 (referent group) was compared with 130-139 and ≥ 140 mmHg using Cox proportional hazards, adjusting for demographic and clinical characteristics. Results SBPs <130, 130-139, and ≥140 were achieved in 2960, 3024, and 3232 women, respectively. Among high-risk women aged ≥65 years, those achieving SBP 130-139 mmHg had lower mortality up to 16.7 years later than those with SBP <130 (hazard ratio [HR] 0.81, 95% CI 0.69-0.96). High-risk women aged 50-64 achieving SBP 130-139 had a similar mortality risk as those with SBP <130 (HR 1.21, 95% CI 0.87-1.68), while those achieving SBP ≥140 mmHg had a higher mortality risk than SBP < 130 (HR 1.92, 95% CI 1.37-2.68). A similar pattern was observed among low-risk women ≥65 and <65 years old. Conclusion Among women ≥65 years old with hypertension and prior coronary events, in-trial SBP between 130 and 139 mmHg was associated with lower mortality over the long term versus SBP <130 mmHg.
441 Outcomes of patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma with intermediate- or poor-risk symptomatic disease who received their first cycle of nivolumab and ipilimumab while being hospitalized

Background Nivolumab plus ipilimumab (nivo/ipi) is an approved therapy for patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) who have intermediate- or poor-risk disease.1 Clinical factors that guide the selection of this regimen for patients with mRCC are urgently needed. Methods We retrospectively analyzed medical records of patients with mRCC who were hospitalized because of cancer-related symptoms and received their first cycle of nivo/ipi in the inpatient setting. Clinical parameters including demographics, histology, clinical history, response and survival were collected. The 4-month survival probability, progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were calculated using Kaplan-Meier methods. Results Between November 2017 and June 2020, 21 patients were identified that fit the search: 19 patients (91%) had poor-risk disease based on the International metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Database Consortium (IMDC) risk score; 17 patients (81%) had ≥4 risk factors; 9 patients (43%) had sarcomatoid features on histology. Shortness of breath (28%) and abdominal pain (19%) were the two most common reasons for hospitalization. Partial response was achieved in 14% (3/21) of patients. Median PFS for all patients was 1.7 months (95% CI 0 - 3.9); median OS for all patients was 1.7 months (95% CI 0 – 4.2); the 4-month survival probability was 36% (95% CI 25% - 47%) (figure 1). Conclusions In this retrospective study, patients with mRCC who have intermediate- or poor-risk disease and are hospitalized for cancer-related symptoms derive little clinical benefit from nivo/ipi when started in the inpatient setting. Alternative more effective systemic therapies should be considered for these patients. Acknowledgements We would like to thank the software developers at the Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology at MD Anderson Cancer Center and the informatics analysts from the Department of Pharmacy Quality Improvement and Analytics at MD Anderson Cancer Center. Trial Registration N/A Ethics Approval This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of MD Anderson Cancer Center, approval number PA16-0736. Consent N/A Reference Motzer RJ, Tannir NM, McDermott DF, Aren Frontera O, Melichar B, Choueiri TK, et al. Nivolumab plus Ipilimumab versus sunitinib in advanced renal-cell carcinoma. N Engl J Med. 2018;378:1277–90.
Predictors of Outcomes of Patients Referred to a Transplant Center for Urgent Liver Transplantation Evaluation.

Liver transplantation (LT) is definitive treatment for end-stage liver disease. This study evaluated factors predicting successful evaluation in patients transferred for urgent inpatient LT evaluation. Eighty-two patients with cirrhosis were transferred for urgent LT evaluation from January 2016 to December 2018. Alcohol-associated liver disease was the common etiology of liver disease (42/82). Of these 82 patients, 35 (43%) were declined for LT, 27 (33%) were wait-listed for LT, 5 (6%) improved, and 15 (18%) died. Psychosocial factors were the most common reasons for being declined for LT (49%). Predictors for listing and receiving LT on multivariate analysis included Hispanic race (odds ratio [OR], 1.89; P = 0.003), Asian race (OR, 1.52; P = 0.02), non-Hispanic ethnicity (OR, 1.49; P = 0.04), hyponatremia (OR, 1.38; P = 0.04), serum albumin (OR, 1.13; P = 0.01), and Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD)-Na (OR, 1.02; P = 0.003). Public insurance (i.e., Medicaid) was a predictor of not being listed for LT on multivariate analysis (OR, 0.77; P = 0.02). Excluding patients declined for psychosocial reasons, predictors of being declined for LT on multivariate analysis included Chronic Liver Failure Consortium (CLIF-C) score >51.5 (OR, 1.26; P = 0.03), acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) grade 3 (OR, 1.41; P = 0.01), hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) (OR, 1.38; P = 0.01), and respiratory failure (OR, 1.51; P = 0.01). Predictors of 3-month mortality included CLIF-C score >51.5 (hazard ratio [HR], 2.52; P = 0.04) and intensive care unit (HR, 8.25; P < 0.001). Conclusion: MELD-Na, albumin, hyponatremia, ACLF grade 3, HRS, respiratory failure, public insurance, Hispanic race, Asian race, and non-Hispanic ethnicity predicted liver transplant outcome. Lack of psychosocial support was a major reason for being declined for LT. The CLIF-C score predicted being declined for LT and mortality.
5-HT1B receptor agonist attenuates cocaine self-administration after protracted abstinence and relapse in rats.

Background:The 5-HT1B receptor (5-HT1BR) agonist, CP94253, enhances cocaine intake during maintenance of self-administration (SA) but attenuates intake after 21 days of forced abstinence in male ra...
CPU Overclocking: A Performance Assessment of Air, Cold Plates, and Two-Phase Immersion Cooling

Computing capacity has always been on the upward climb due to the constant technological improvements in semiconductor manufacturing and packaging industry. This growth in computing capability is usually accompanied by a steep rise in heat flux density associated with the electronic component (CPUs or GPUs, for example). High-performance computing (HPC) data centers often employ several of these high-performance devices for crunching their enormous artificial intelligence (AI) or scientific computing workloads. State-of-the-art air cooling technologies throttle after a certain heat flux level and would require bigger heat sinks driving enormous airflow through it, which may not be desirable from a data center operation standpoint. Hence, a lookout for advanced thermal management techniques is quite imperative. In this article, a commercially available intel overclockable CPU i9-9900k was exercised with high performance workloads while employing and evaluating three different cooling technologies namely air-cooled, cold plates, and two-phase (2P) immersion. The high heat carrying capacity associated with cold plates and 2P immersion techniques outperformed the air-cooled solution by constantly yielding higher CPU clock rates up to 41% utilizing cold plates and 51% employing 2P immersion. The performance of cold plates and 2P immersion was evaluated at different functional points (different coolant operating temperatures and 2P coolant types for example) to understand how the technologies would respond in a legacy or modern data center operation. It was again observed that both 2P immersion technology and cold plates provided the least thermal resistance (as low as 0.247 °C/W) path to heat transfer and therefore provided higher computational performance and efficiency compared to air cooling. Further improvement in performance is not limited by cooling but by packaging constraints. Advanced packaging techniques coupled with minimizing the interfacial resistance can reap enhanced performance and energy efficiency gains using these modes of cooling. This article demonstrates the potential increase in virtual machine (VM) performance that can be attained using cold plates or 2P immersion. Authors recommend adoption of liquid cooling in early chip design and architecture phases. Finally, the article provides a generic overclocking methodology that the industry can use to qualify postturbo server class chip performance.
Trapping of H2− in aluminum hydride, Al4H14−

Ever since our first experimental and computational identification of Al4H6 as a boron analog [X. Li et al., Science 315, 356 (2007)], studies on aluminum hydrides unveiled a richer pattern of structural motifs. These include aluminum-rich hydrides, which follow shell closing electron counting models; stoichiometric clusters (called baby crystals), which structurally correspond to the bulk alane; and more. In this regard, a mass spectral identification of unusually high intense peak of Al4H14−, which has two hydrogen atoms beyond stoichiometry, has remained mostly unresolved [X. Li et al., J. Chem. Phys. 132, 241103 (2010)]. In this Communication, with the help of global minima methods and density functional theory-based calculations, we identify the lowest energy bound structure with a unique Al–H–H–Al bonding. Our electronic structural analysis reveals that two Al2H6 units trap a transient, metastable H2−. In other words, three stable molecules, two Al2H6 and an H2, are held together by a single electron. Our studies provide a pathway to stabilize transient species by making them part of a more extensive system.
Re-Thinking Therapy with Taylor: Beyond the Therapeutic

In his critique of the therapeutic, Taylor argues that therapy fails to engage with the ethical and spiritual significance of human suffering. Therapy’s denial of ethics is representative of a wide...
Infectious Meningitis and Encephalitis.

Infectious meningitis and encephalitis are associated with significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Acute bacterial meningitis is rapidly fatal and early recognition and institution of therapy are imperative. Viral meningitis is typically a benign self-limited illness. Chronic meningitis (defined as presenting with >4 weeks of symptoms) is most often caused by tuberculosis and fungal infection. Because the diagnostic testing for tuberculous meningitis is insensitive and cultures often take weeks to grow, therapy is often initiated empirically when the diagnosis is suspected. Human simplex virus encephalitis is the most common cause of encephalitis and requires prompt treatment with intravenous acyclovir.
Connecting Regional Governance, Urban Form, and Energy Use: Opportunities and Limitations

In this article, we explore the links between urban form, land use planning, and energy use. We organize the reviewed literature as follows: (1) potential energy savings from compact development; (2) achieving compact development through land use regulations; and (3) approaches for coordinating land use regulations regionally. We find that while the literature shows a clear link between regional governance, urban form outcomes, and energy use, questions remain on measuring the impact and communicating the degree to which energy use benefits can offset other real and perceived costs associated with greater land use regulation and regional coordination. Our discussion focuses on how researchers, practitioners, and policymakers can better leverage these connections.
Dihydrofolate reductase from the L1210 R murine lymphoma. Further studies on the binding of substrates and inhibitors to the enzyme.

Abstract Quenching of fluorescence of highly purified dihydrofolate reductase from a methotrexate-resistant subline of the L1210 lymphoma by substrates and inhibitors was used to determine dissociation constants between pH 5 and pH 9. At pH 7.0, the dissociation constant of dihydrofolate from the enzyme-dihydrofolate complex was 1.2 x 10-7 m, 10 times greater than that of NADPH and several times less than that of folate at the same pH. Dihydrofolate, folate, or NADPH binding to the enzyme in binary complex did not vary significantly with pH, except for a 5-fold decrease in the binding of folate at pH 9.0. Triamterene (2,4,7-triamino-6-phenylpteridine) binding to the enzyme in binary complex showed a marked decrease above pH 7.0 and was not detectable at pH 9.0. The binding of NADPH in ternary complex of enzyme, triamterene, and NADPH was 10 times greater than that in binary complex of enzyme and NADPH, and did not vary significantly with pH except for a 4-fold decrease at pH 9.0, probably related to the decreased binding of triamterene at this pH. Pyrimidine inhibitors which possess a hydrophobic side chain were bound more tightly in ternary than in binary complex, whereas those with a p-aminobenzoylglutamic acid side chain were not. It is suggested that hydrophobic bonding may be enhanced in ternary complex because of a possible conformational change in enzyme when combined with NADPH.
Gas chromatographic and mass spectrometric techniques for the diagnosis of disseminated candidiasis.

Opportunistic infections are an increasingly important cause of morbidity and mortality in the immunocompromised patient.1,2 The introduction into clinical practice of many new antibacterial agents of increased potency and broader spectrum led to an increased frequency of fungal infections over the past several decades.3 In a series of three studies during the period 1954–1979, major fungal infections were found to increase from 10% to 40% among dying cancer patients.4 Candidiasis accounted for the majority of serious fungal infections: a four year study on 233 patients revealed that Candida species (including Torulopsis glabrata) accounted for 74%, 61% and 92% of fungal infections in patients with acute leukemia, lymphoma, and solid tumors, respectively.5 In 42 autopsies on patients with leukemia and lymphoma, severe superinfection by Candida and Aspergillus species was found in 52%; most patients were not diagnosed and hence not treated antemortem.6 According to different estimates7,12 up to 70% of dying cancer patients may have fungal infections.
Negron: Circuits Now Split 2-2

The article discusses Negron and the circuit split on the issue of whether to value non-assignable lottery payments in a decedent's estate by means of the actuarial tables or whether that value needs to be discounted for non-marketability.
Instantaneous frequency dynamics of coherent wave mixing in semiconductor quantum wells

Summary form only given. We resolve the femtosecond free polarization decay of excitons in GaAs quantum wells by upconverting the diffracted signal in transient four wave mixing experiments. We find that the temporal profile exhibit large deviations from that expected from isolated atomic like systems. They also represent the first observation of the dynamics of the development of a macroscopic coherence via a Ginzburgh-Landau mechanism. >
Talk: NAND Flash Memory Scaling - Key Challenges and Future Outlook

Summary form only given. NAND flash memory is the memory of choice in many of the handheld devices owing to the versatility of the NAND flash in terms of non-volatility, updateability, fast read/write throughput, large density, low cost, and high reliability. NAND flash bit area/density has scaled by >1000times in the past 10 years. However, there are several scaling issues - some physical and some electrical - that need to be overcome to continue the same rate of scaling into the future. The presentation will discuss some of these scaling challenges along with potential solutions.
Fundamental Structural Limitations of an Industrial Energy Management Controller Architecture for Hybrid Vehicles

Energy management controllers for hybrid electric vehicles typically contain numerous parameters that must be tuned in order to arrive at a desired compromise among competing attributes, such as fuel economy and driving quality. This paper estimates the Pareto tradeoff curve of fuel economy versus driving quality for a baseline industrial controller, and compares it to the Pareto tradeoff curve of an energy management controller based on Shortest Path Stochastic Dynamic Programming (SPSDP). Previous work demonstrated important performance advantages of the SPSDP controller in comparison to the baseline industrial controller. Because the baseline industrial controller relies on manual tuning, there was always the possibility that better calibration of the algorithm could significantly improve its performance. To investigate this, a numerical search of possible controller calibrations is conducted to determine the best possible performance of the baseline industrial controller and estimate its Pareto tradeoff curve. The SPSDP and baseline controllers are causal; they do not rely on future drive cycle information. The SPSDP controllers achieve better performance (i.e., better fuel economy with equal or better driving quality) over a wide range of driving cycles due to fundamental structural limitations of the baseline controller that cannot be overcome by tuning. The message here is that any decisions that specify or restrict controller structure may limit attainable performance, even when many tunable parameters are made available to calibration engineers. The structure of the baseline algorithm and possible sources of its limitations are discussed.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
Huey long: Oratorical “wealth sharing”

(1955). Huey long: Oratorical “wealth sharing”. The Southern Speech Journal: Vol. 21, No. 2, pp. 87-102.
Neuroendocrine pharmacology of stress

Exposure to hostile conditions initiates responses organized to enhance the probability of survival. These coordinated responses, known as stress responses, are composed of alterations in behavior, autonomic function and the secretion of multiple hormones. The activation of the renin-angiotensin system and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis plays a pivotal role in the stress response. Neuroendocrine components activated by stressors include the increased secretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine from the sympathetic nervous system and adrenal medulla, the release of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and vasopressin from parvicellular neurons into the portal circulation, and seconds later, the secretion of pituitary adrenocorticotropin (ACTH), leading to secretion of glucocorticoids by the adrenal gland. Corticotropin-releasing factor coordinates the endocrine, autonomic, behavioral and immune responses to stress and also acts as a neurotransmitter or neuromodulator in the amygdala, dorsal raphe nucleus, hippocampus and locus coeruleus, to integrate brain multi-system responses to stress. This review discussed the role of classical mediators of the stress response, such as corticotropin-releasing factor, vasopressin, serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine or 5-HT) and catecholamines. Also discussed are the roles of other neuropeptides/neuromodulators involved in the stress response that have previously received little attention, such as substance P, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, neuropeptide Y and cholecystokinin. Anxiolytic drugs of the benzodiazepine class and other drugs that affect catecholamine, GABA(A), histamine and serotonin receptors have been used to attenuate the neuroendocrine response to stressors. The neuroendocrine information for these drugs is still incomplete; however, they are a new class of potential antidepressant and anxiolytic drugs that offer new therapeutic approaches to treating anxiety disorders. The studies described in this review suggest that multiple brain mechanisms are responsible for the regulation of each hormone and that not all hormones are regulated by the same neural circuits. In particular, the renin-angiotensin system seems to be regulated by different brain mechanisms than the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system. This could be an important survival mechanism to ensure that dysfunction of one neurotransmitter system will not endanger the appropriate secretion of hormones during exposure to adverse conditions. The measurement of several hormones to examine the mechanisms underlying the stress response and the effects of drugs and lesions on these responses can provide insight into the nature and location of brain circuits and neurotransmitter receptors involved in anxiety and stress.
Polynomial approximation of piecewise analytic functions on a compact subset of the real line

We discuss Totik's extension of the classical Bernstein theorem on polynomial approximation of piecewise analytic functions on a closed interval. The error of the best uniform approximation of such functions on a compact subset of the real line is studied.
INTERSECTION DELAY IN REGIONWIDE TRAFFIC ASSIGNMENT: IMPLICATIONS OF 1994 UPDATE OF THE "HIGHWAY CAPACITY MANUAL"

The original 1985 Highway Capacity Manual (HCM85) described widely recognized relationships for traffic delay that could be incorporated into travel forecasts. Applications of the HCM85 procedures demonstrated that such delay relationships were both technically feasible and beneficial. In early 1995, the Transportation Research Board released the 1994 update to the HCM (HCM94), heavily revising the signalized and two-way stop intersection procedures and introducing a detailed all-way stop intersection procedure. These new procedures have the potential to improve the accuracy of forecasts and to make forecasts consistent with other design practices. Implementation of the HCM94 procedures into travel forecasts reveals that fewer adjustments are required to make them work within equilibrium traffic assignments. The two-way stop procedure can be used nearly intact. The signalized intersection procedure, although still requiring some adjustments, allows a greater range of traffic conditions and phasing options...
Cost-Minimization Analysis of Robotic-Assisted, Laparoscopic, and Abdominal Sacrocolpopexy

Abstract Study Objective To perform a cost-minimization analysis comparing robotic-assisted, laparoscopic, and abdominal sacrocolpopexy. Design Cost-minimization analysis using a micro-costing approach (Canadian Task Force classification III). Measurements and Main Results A decision model was developed to compare the costs (2008 US dollars) of robotic, laparoscopic, and abdominal sacrocolpopexy. Our model included operative time, risk of conversion, risk of transfusion, and length of stay (LOS) for each method. Respective baseline estimates for robotic, laparoscopic, and abdominal sacrocolpopexy procedures included operative time (328, 269, and 170 minutes), conversion (1.4%, 1.8%, and 0%), transfusion (1.4%, 1.8%, 3.8%), and LOS (1.0, 1.8, and 2.7 days). Two models were used, the Robot Existing model, that is, current hospital ownership of a robotic system, and the Robot Purchase model, that is, initial hospital purchase of a robotic system, with purchase and maintenance costs amortized and distributed across robotic procedures. Sensitivity analyses were performed to assess the effect of varying each parameter through its range. For the Robot Existing robot model, robotic sacrocolpopexy was the most expensive, $8508 per procedure compared with laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy at $7353 and abdominal sacrocolpopexy at $5792. Robotic and laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy became cost-equivalent only when robotic operative time was reduced to 149 minutes, robotic disposables costs were reduced to $2132, or laparoscopic disposable costs were increased to $3413. Laparoscopic and abdominal sacrocolpopexy became cost-equivalent only when laparoscopic disposable costs were reduced to $668, mean LOS for abdominal sacrocolpopexy was increased to 5.6 days, or surgeon reimbursement for abdominal sacrocolpopexy exceeded $2213. The addition of robotic purchase and maintenance costs resulted in an incremental increase of $581, $865, and $1724 per procedure when these costs were distributed over 60, 40, and 20 procedures per month, respectively. Conclusion Robotic sacrocolpopexy was more expensive compared with the laparoscopic or abdominal routes under the baseline assumptions.
The promise of replication in labour economics

Abstract Almost every empirical scientist accepts the principle that research results should be replicable. While direct replication has not attained high value in the political economy of most sciences, a substantial amount of such work occurs in many sciences and the effort to reconcile the results of replications has proven valuable for many of the reasons suggested in the replication and re-analysis proposal in this journal (an interdisciplinary survey of such work, see Draper et al., 1993).
Collagen fragmentation in ruptured canine cranial cruciate ligament explants.

Collagen fragmentation in cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) explants and stifle synovial fluid was investigated in dogs with ruptured and intact CCL. Cathepsin K and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activities were determined in CCL explant supernatants. Formation of collagen fragments was determined in explant supernatants and stifle synovial fluid. Cathepsin K+ and TRAP+ cells were stained specifically in histological sections of CCL. Formation of telopeptide collagen fragments was increased in ruptured CCL explants and stifle synovial fluid from dogs with ruptured CCL. In ruptured CCL explants, release of collagen fragments was associated with extracellular release of TRAP and the presence of cathepsin K+ cells within CCL tissue. Cathepsin K+ and TRAP+ cells were only seen in ruptured CCL. It was concluded that infiltration of the CCL with TRAP+ cells in dogs with CCL rupture is associated with increased collagenolysis. It is hypothesized that recruitment and activation of TRAP+ mononuclear cells within the synovium and CCL precipitates CCL rupture through upregulation of collagenolytic enzymes and collagen degradation.
Analyzing foam instability in commercial beers.

The foam stability of beer is impacted by positive and negative forces that counteract each other. A series of beers was investigated to assess whether foam performance was primarily impacted by th...
Hyperthermic “dose” dependent changes in intralesional pH

Abstract Following hyperthermia a dramatic drop in intra-lesional pH has occurred in a variety of experimental tumor systems. To date, no direct observations have been made that document the time course of such changes or the recovery from such changes over prolonged periods of time. These experiments were designed to measure intralesional pH as a function of time following "doses" of hyperthermia related to specific biological end points. All studies were conducted in the C 3 H-mammary carcinoma tumor model system. Intralesional temperature was continuously monitored throughout treatment and post treatment pH was measured with microelectrodes at several specific time points ranging from 4 hrs to 7 days. The pretreatment control value of mean pH was 6.73. At the TCD 90 "dose"d level the mean value of pH dropped to a level of 6.22 ± 0.95 while following teh TCD 10 "dose" the value obtained was 6.55 ± .148. Recovery of the pH to higher values followed similar time courses returning to maximum values approximately 3 days post treatment. The recovery, plateau levels of pH were however, separated by approximately .3 pH units with the higher "dose" curve always at lower values than that achieved following the lower "dose".
Stochastic modeling of atmospheric pollution: a spatial time-series framework. Part I: methodology

A geostatistical framework for joint spatiotemporal modeling of atmospheric pollution is presented. The spatiotemporal distribution of concentration levels is modeled as a joint realization of a collection of spatially correlated time series. Parametric temporal trend models, associated with long-term pollution variability are established from concentration profiles at monitoring stations. Such parameters, e.g., amplitude of seasonal variation, are then regionalized in space for determining trend models at any unmonitored location. The resulting spatiotemporal residual field, associated with short-term pollution variability, is also modeled as a collection of spatially correlated residual time series. Stochastic conditional simulation is proposed for generating alternative realizations of the concentration spatiotemporal distribution, which identify concentration measurements available at monitoring stations. Simulated realizations also reproduce the histogram of the sample data, and a model of their spatiotemporal correlation. Such alternative concentration fields can be used for risk analysis studies.
Laboratory Rearing of Lesser Appleworm (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

The lesser appleworm, Cydia prunivora (Walsh), was reared successfully in the laboratory. Larvae of various instars were collected in the field from hawthorn fruit, Crataegus spp. Initially, immature apples served as the food source for the larvae in the laboratory. Rearing was conducted in a greenhouse and later in combination with a controlled environment room at 25°C, 50–60% RH, and a photoperiod of 18:6 (L:D) h. Under these conditions, a generation required ≈30 d. Fifty-six adult lesser appleworm moths emerged from the original field collected hawthorn fruits. After a decline in the number of the F1 generation to 39 moths, the colony on mature apples, increased to in excess of 10,000 moths by the fifth generation with a mean survival rate to adult of 68.0%. When production on immature apples was compared with that on four artificial diets, the most promising of the artificial diets was the lima bean-based diet currently used to rear the oriental fruit moth, Cydia molesta (Busck), with a mean survival rate of 46.4%. The other bean-based diets tested were not as satisfactory. Pear foliage was the preferred oviposition substrate of those tested, including apple and hawthorn foliage. No eggs were deposited on plain waxed paper or glass microscope slides; however, large numbers of eggs were deposited on waxed paper treated with a water extract of pear foliage and immature apples.
Rents, Competition, and Corruption

Theoretically the effect of competition on corruption is ambiguous. Less competition means firms enjoy higher rents, so that bureaucrats with control rights over them, such as tax inspectors or regulators, have higher incentives to engage in malfeasant behavior. Examples of a positive connection between rents and corruption abound, however. The hypothesis that natural rents, as in the case of oil, and rents induced by lack of product market competition foster corruption, is examined. A model is set up connecting rents to corruption.
Reading Intercomprehension, Partial Results of a Case Study

Abstract The present paper contains partial results of a research into Reading Comprehension, based on a case study with eighty-eight respondents. The questions were written in Romanian and the task was to underline the words they were able to understand and provide an answer to demonstrate their ability to decode the message. The translation and/or the answer could be given in English, French, Dutch, Italian, Spanish or German. The material provided is divided in five sections. A total higher than 50% will prove that intercomprehension is a possibility of communication at the reading level.
Osteochondral lesions of the talus: A new magnetic resonance grading system with arthroscopic correlation

Abstract Purpose: The purpose of this study was to show that magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can accurately and noninvasively evaluate the articular cartilage overlying osteochondral lesions of the talus, using arthroscopy as the standard, and provide information about lesion stability. A classification system applicable to both MRI and arthroscopy is proposed. Type of Study: Retrospective review with MRI and arthroscopy correlation. Methods: A retrospective analysis involving 26 men and 28 women who underwent MRI of the ankle and in whom arthroscopy had been performed. The talar dome cartilage was evaluated using the following grading system: 0, normal cartilage; 1, abnormal signal but intact; 2, fibrillation or fissures not extending to bone; 3, flap present or bone exposed; 4, loose undisplaced fragment; 5, displaced fragment. There was a history of trauma in 80% of cases. Results: At surgery, 14 ankle joints had intact cartilage and 40 showed osteochondral lesions. MRI correctly identified all 40 osteochondral lesions and all 14 normal ankles. MRI correctly graded 33 of 40 (83%) of the osteochondral lesions using the described 5-point scale. Of the remaining 7 lesions, all were identified within 1 grade. Collapsing all grades into disease-negative status (grades 0 and 1) and disease-positive status (grades 2, 3, 4, and 5) yielded sensitivity of 95%, specificity of 100%, negative predictive value of 88%, and positive predictive value of 100%. Conclusions: This study shows that MRI can be used to evaluate the articular cartilage covering osteochondral lesions of the talus with a high degree of accuracy and thus may aid in identifying patients who would benefit from definitive arthroscopic treatment. Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic and Related Surgery, Vol 19, No 4 (April), 2003: pp 353–359
Asymptotics of zeros of basic sine and cosine functions

We give an elementary calculus proof of the asymptotic formulas for the zeros of the q-sine and cosine functions which have been recently found numerically by Gosper and Suslov. Monotone convergent sequences of the lower and upper bounds for these zeros are constructed as an extension of our method. Improved asymptotics are found by a different method using the Lagrange inversion formula. Asymptotic formulas for the points of inflection of the basic sine and cosine functions are conjectured. Analytic continuation of the q-zeta function is discussed as an application. An interpretation of the zeros is given.
Remote estimation of in water constituents in coastal waters using neural networks

Remote estimations of oceanic constituents from optical reflectance spectra in coastal waters are challenging because of the complexity of the water composition as well as difficulties in estimation of water leaving radiance in several bands possibly due to inadequacy of current atmospheric correction schemes. This work focuses on development of a multiband inversion algorithm that combines remote sensing reflectance measurements at several wavelengths in the blue, green and red for retrievals of the absorption coefficients of phytoplankton, color dissolved organic matter and nonalgal particulates at 443nm as well as the particulate backscatter coefficient at 443nm. The algorithm was developed, using neural networks (NN), and was designed to use as input measurements on ocean color bands matching those of the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS). The NN is trained on a simulated data set generated through a biooptical model for a broad range of typical coastal water parameters. The NN was evaluated using several statistical indicators, initially on the simulated data-set, as well as on field data from the NASA bio-Optical Marine Algorithm Data set, NOMAD, and data from our own field campaigns in the Chesapeake Bay which represent well the range of water optical properties as well as chlorophyll concentrations in coastal regions. The algorithm was also finally applied on a satellite - in situ databases that were assembled for the Chesapeake Bay region using MODIS and VIIRS satellite data. These databases were created using in-situ chlorophyll concentrations routinely measured in different locations throughout Chesapeake Bay and satellite reflectance overpass data that coexist in time with these in-situ measurements. NN application on this data-sets suggests that the blue (412 and 443nm) satellite bands are erroneous. The NN which was assessed for retrievals from VIIRS using only the 486, 551 and 671 bands showed that retrievals that omitted the 671 nm band was the most effective, possibly indicating an inaccuracy in the VIIRS 671 band that needs to be further investigated.