cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Lessons from developing audio HTML interface

In this paper, we discuss the choice of specific sounds to use in an audio HTML interface, based on our previous research into developing principles for sound choice, called the AHA framework. AHA can be used along with the consideration of issues related to the target audience such as user tasks, goals, and interests to choose specific sounds for an interface. We describe two scenarios of potential users and interfaces that would seem to be appropriate for them.
Heterogeneous device hopping: bridging the mobile cross-platform gap via a declarative query language

A typical mobile user employs multiple devices (e.g., a smartphone, a tablet, wearables, etc.). These devices are powered by varying mobile platforms. Enabling such cross-platform devices to seamlessly share their computational, network, and sensing resources has great potential benefit. However, sharing resources across platforms is challenging due to a number of difficulties. First, the varying communication protocols used by major mobile vendors tend to overlap minimally, making it impossible for the devices to communicate through a single protocol. Second, the host platforms' underlying architectural differences lead to drastically dissimilar application architectures and programming support. In this demo, we present Heterogeneous Device Hopping, a novel approach that systematically empowers heterogeneous mobile devices to seamlessly, reliably, and efficiently share their resources. The approach comprises 1) a declarative domain-specific language for device-to-device communication based on the RESTful architecture; 2) a powerful runtime infrastructure that supports the language's programming model. In this demo, we show how our approach can be used to implement a multi-device animation across heterogeneous nearby devices. The animation starts on one device and moves across the device boundaries, irrespective of the underlying mobile platform.
Saline amnioinfusion for relief of repetitive variable decelerations: A prospective randomized study

A prospective randomized study was undertaken in order to further investigate the effect of intrauterine saline amnioinfusion for the relief of repetitive variable decelerations in the first stage of labor. Intrauterine saline amnioinfusion corrects the oligohydramnios that makes the cord more vulnerable to compression during uterine contractions. Included in this study were 96 patients who had repetitive variable decelerations not relieved either by changes in position or by oxygen. Randomization resulted in 49 patients in the infusion group and 47 patients in the noninfusion group. Relief of variable decelerations was 51% in the infusion group, as compared to 4.2% in the noninfusion group. Relief of variable decelerations was more dramatic in the nulliparous infusion group (66.7%) than in the noninfusion group (0%). In the nulliparous patients there was a significant decrease in the rate of cesarean sections for fetal distress, being 14.8% in the infusion group as compared to 47.6% in the noninfusion group. This study clearly showed that saline amnioinfusion is a logical, simple, safe, and effective therapy for the relief of repetitive variable decelerations in the first stage of labor and can lower the incidence of cesarean sections for fetal distress in nulliparous patients. Furthermore, amnioinfusion was much superior to changes in position in treating repetitive variable decelerations.
A XERORADIOGRAPHIC STUDY OF THE DEVELOPING QUARTERHORSE FOREDIGIT AND METACARPOPHALANGEAL REGION FROM SIX TO TWELVE MONTHS OF AGE

The purpose of the project was to provide a reference for radiographic anatomy of the developing equine foredigit and metacarpophalangeal region. Using xeroradiographic techniques, both foredigits and metacarpophalangeal regions of six Quarter Horse foals were radiographed at 1 day of age and then at 2-week intervals until the foals were 6 weeks old. The foals were then radiographed at 4-week intervals until they were 12 months old. The period from birth to 6 months has been described in a previous report. This paper deals with the period from 6 to 12 months of age. Lateromedial and dorsopalmar xeroradiographs of each foredigit and metacarpophalangeal region and a dorsal 65° proximal-palmarodistal oblique view of the distal part of the digit were made at each examination. Foals were weighed and were measured at the withers immediately prior to each examination. Representative xeroradiographs were selected and appropriately labeled to demonstrate normal radiographic anatomy of these regions. Earliest radiographic visualization of distal epiphyseal ossification in metacarpal 2 and metacarpal 4 was extremely variable and ranged from 4 to 38 weeks. It was not possible to determine accurately the ages at which distal physes of the small metacarpal bones closed. In one foal, three of four of these physes were closed at 26 weeks, while in another foal, none had closed when last radiographed at 54 weeks. Radiographic closure of the proximal physis of the middle phalanx ranged from 18 to 30 weeks (mean = 26 weeks). Radiographic closure of the proximal physis of the proximal phalanx ranged from 22 to 38 weeks (mean = 30 weeks). Radiographic closure of the distal physis of metacarpal 3 ranged from 18 to 38 weeks (mean = 29 weeks).
Clinical applications of molecular genetic testing in hematologic malignancies: advantages and limitations.

Genetic abnormalities are the basis of cancer, and we now finally have a classification system of hematologic malignancies that acknowledges both the key role of genetics in the definition of specific entities, as well as in highlighting the prognostic heterogeneity of what were previously thought to be uniform diseases.1 The development of clinically useful molecular assays has been spawned largely by the dissection of rather specific translocations that essentially define distinct disease entities, and the exploitation of the physiologic process of antigen receptor gene rearrangements in lymphoid cells. Thus, by far most of these assays are directed at these pathologic and physiologic rearrangements, respectively. Other molecular phenomena, mostly unrelated to these 2 broad mechanisms, have also been identified, and which will soon likely also enter into the ever expanding armamentarium of molecular genetic assays, that help to refine diagnoses in a more biologically and clinically rational manner. The purpose of this report is not to provide an encyclopedic review of all the molecular targets available for study.2-4 Rather, the intent is to highlight some of those scenarios in which molecular genetic testing are of especial value (Table 1), and specifically where they provide important data that are not always evident from “routine” pathologic evaluation, such as morphology, histology, immunophenotyping, and karyotyping. The primary focus here is on phenomena other than antigen receptor gene rearrangements, which are detailed elsewhere in this issue.5 Additionally, the not insignificant pitfalls and caveats of such testing will also be briefly overviewed. ADVANTAGES OF MOLECULAR TESTING
Experience with long-term cortisone therapy in congenital adrenocortical hyperplasia; report of 4 cases.

CONGENITAL adrenocortical hyperplasia is a condition marked by a high degree ofandrogenicity. It is manifested as pseudohermaphrodism in the female and macrogenitosomiapraecox in the male. Characteristically, there is an increased urinary excretion of 17-ketosteroids. Treatment prior to 1950 was unsatisfactory; in fact, the intensity of the virilization was often such that many clinicians considered it preferable to transform some of the more severely masculinized genetic females into passable males than to condemn them to live as unhappy and inadequate females. The male prototype was usually better off, unlesshe had the misfortune to be the victim of an associated electrolyte disturbance, which attimes superimposes the addisonian complex upon the adrenogenital syndrome. Usually his only complaint, once maturity was attained, was his short, even at times dwarfed, stature due to premature epiphyseal closure, the result of early excessive androgenicity. Early in 1950, Sprague et al. (1) reported that the ad...
Representation pattern in the second somatic sensory area of the monkey cerebral cortex.

The body representation in the second somatic sensory area of macaques has been studied by tracing with anatomical techniques the projections from defined parts of the body representation in the first somatic sensory area (SI) to their terminal regions within the lateral sulcus. The second somatic sensory area (SII), as identified in terms of cytoarchitecture and its connection with the thalamic ventrobasal complex, is the only region of the lateral sulcus to receive a projection from SI. The nearby retroinsular area and area 7b receive a projection from area 5. Within SII the face and head representations lie anteriorly, occupying the dorsalmost part of the insula and portions of the fronto-parietal operculum. The digits, hand, and arm are represented posterior to the face and may take up the mediolateral extent of the parietal operculum in the region immediately in front of the posterior pole of the insula. The trunk representation is lateral to the arm representation, i.e., deep within the superior circular sulcus and on the dorsal insula. The hindlimb appears behind the trunk also occupying the superior circular sulcus in addition to the deepest 2–3 mm of the upper bank of lateral sulcus immediately posterior to the insula. Areas 3b, 1, and 2 each project to SII, and their projections appear to converge within the representation of a given body part. Injections of anterogradely transported tracers in SI label vertically oriented columnar arrays of terminal ramifications in SII, resembling those previously described for other cortico-cortical projections within the sensory-motor region. In experiments which combined anterograde and retrograde labeling, cells projecting from SII to SI formed columns exactly coinciding with the columns of anterogradely labeled axons terminating in SII. The cells of origin of cortico-cortical projections emanating from SII formed two distinct laminar populations, one in the supragranular layers and the second mainly in layer VI. There is evidence for fiber terminations within layer VI mainly underlying the column formed by the terminal ramifications in layers I through IV.
Origin of Sr segregation at La 1 − x Sr x MnO 3 surfaces

A uniform distribution of La and Sr in lanthanum-strontium manganites would lead to charged crystal planes, a charged surface, and arbitrarily large surface energy for a bulk crystal. This divergent energy can be eliminated by depleting the La concentration near the surface. Assuming an exponential form for segregation suggested by experiment, the total electrostatic energy is calculated, depending only upon the decay length and on an effective charge ${Z}^{*}$ associated with the La ion. It is found to be lower in energy than neutralization of the surface by changing Mn charge states or simply readjusting the La concentration in the surface plane, though the energy minimum is found at a shorter decay length than that observed. The extension of this mechanism to segregation near the surface in other systems is discussed.
Cooled sample introduction probe for liquid secondary ionization mass spectrometry.

Abstract The design and performance of a cooled sample introduction probe for fast atom bombardment or other liquid secondary ionization mass spectrometric studies are described. Cooling relatively volatile matrix materials (sulfolane, thioglycerol, and tetraglyme, for example) in situ in the ion source can increase the duration of the sample spectrum by a factor of 10. Cooling also permits a much wider range of matrix materials to be used. As an example, the spectrum of the carbohydrate, peracetyl [Glu(β1 → 3)]7 Glucitol in tetraglyme matrix, is shown to give an excellent spectrum including cleavage peaks corresponding to losses of the first five sugar residues. The spectrum lasted approximately 10 times longer when the probe tip was cooled to 9 ± 1°C than when no cooling was used, corresponding to a 10-fold increase in integrated sensitivity.
The Soret effect and isotopic fractionation in high-temperature silicate melts

Diffusion in condensed phases is a ubiquitous but poorly understood phenomenon. For example, chemical diffusion, which is the transport of matter associated with chemical concentration gradients (Fick's law), is treated as a separate process from thermal transport (the Soret effect), which is mass transport induced by temperature gradients. In the past few years, large variations in the proportions of isotopes of Mg, Ca, Fe, Si and O found in silicate melts subject to thermal gradients have been found, but no physical mechanism has been proposed. Here we present a model of diffusion in natural condensed systems that explains both the chemical and isotopic fractionation of Mg, Ca and Fe in high-temperature geochemical melts. Despite the high temperatures associated with these melts (T>1,000 °C), we find that consideration of the quantum-mechanical zero-point energy of diffusing species is essential for understanding diffusion at the isotopic level. Our model explains thermal and chemical mass transport as manifestations of the same underlying diffusion mechanism. This work promises to provide insights into mass-transport phenomena (diffusion and evaporation) and associated isotopic fractionations in a wide range of natural condensed systems, including the atmospheric water cycle, geological and geochemical systems and the early Solar System. This work might also be relevant to studies of mass transport in biological and nanotechnological condensed systems.
Professors' Reactions to the Academic Writing of Nonnative-Speaking Students.

The study reported in this article investigated the reactions of 178 professors to two 400-word compositions, one written by a Chinese student and the other by a Korean student. The professors, 96 of whom were in the humanities/social sciences and 82 of whom were in the physical sciences, were each asked to rate one of the two compositions on six 10-point scales, three of which focused on content (holistic impression, development, and sophistication) and three of which focused on language (comprehensibility, acceptability, and irritation). The results were as follows: (a) Content received lower ratings than language; (b) professors found the errors highly comprehensible, generally unirritating, but academically unacceptable, with lexical errors rated as the most serious;(c) professors in the humanities/social sciences were more lenient in their judgments than professors in the physical sciences; (d) older professors were less irritated by errors than younger professors, and nonnative-speaking professors were more severe in their judgments than native speakers. The results suggest the need for greater emphasis on vocabulary improvement and lexical selection.
Gender differences in salary in a female‐dominated profession

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the salary and promotion negotiation practices of female and male school psychology practitioners and university instructors of school psychology practitioners in order to determine whether salary differences exist between male and female employees in the field of school psychology, which has become a female‐dominated profession.Design/methodology/approach – A total of 191 female and 115 male faculty members and 148 female and 56 male school psychologists completed a survey regarding salary, negotiation practices, and job satisfaction.Findings – Results suggest that females earn less than male colleagues, controlling for years of experience and degree attainment. No gender differences were found regarding faculty participants' willingness to negotiate for increased salary; however, males were more likely to negotiate for promotion. Likewise, no gender differences were evident in practitioners' salary and promotion negotiation attempts, although none were e...
Simulation of innovative business cases for household customers in the German electricity supply

The scope of this paper is to show the challenges within the German electricity residential market based on an electricity price analysis since 1990. On this basis, three business models are introduced: Status Quo, Energy Contracting and Capacity Tariff. Furthermore, a simulation environment named GENESIS will be presented, in which the business models have been simulated and economic impacts of the individual actors of the German electricity supply have been analysed. (4 pages)
Characterizing the performance of the hydrodynamic trap using a control-based approach

Hydrodynamic trapping allows for the confinement and manipulation of small objects in free solution, away from solid boundaries and without the need for optical or magnetic fields. In order to achieve robust trapping over long time scales, it is imperative to evaluate trap performance using different control schemes and to understand the effect of system parameters on trap stability. In this work, we investigate the performance of a hydrodynamic trap actuated by varying combinations of proportion-integral-derivative controllers. We further develop a control-based model of the trap, and we characterize trap performance for a wide range of particle Peclet numbers and response times. Overall, an increased understanding of trap performance will facilitate the design of improved controllers to enable robust trapping under variable system parameters.
Aluminum effects on the growth and mineral levels of triticale, wheat, and rye

Abstract Aluminum effects on plant growth and the mineral compositions and uptake of different cultivars of triticale (X Triticosecale, Wittmack), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and rye (Secale cereale L.) were determined in 1/5 strength Steinberg solution. The plants were grown in solutions containing 0 or 6 ppm for 15 and 32 days, respectively. The objective was to determine whether the concentrations and uptake of Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu separated cultivars according to their degrees of Al tolerance at different growth stages. The effects of Al on mineral levels in plants varied with plant age. For example, Al generally decreased the mineral concentrations at 15 days and sometimes in plant tops at 32 days. However, the Zn and Mn in triticale 6TA 203, Al‐tolerant wheats, and the rye cultivars were increased by Al at 32 days. Aluminum tolerance in triticale and wheat was characterized by high Zn and Mn concentrations and uptake in roots, when grown in solutions containing Al. High degrees of Al tolerance were ...
The Next Malware Battleground: Recovery After Unknown Infection

For more than two decades, attackers and malware authors have battled defensive users and administrators for control of computing resources. Unfortunately, the defenders aren't winning the fight. Systems infected with malicious code are as widespread.
Phylogenetic isolation of a human alu flounder gene: Drift to new subfamily identity

A severe bottleneck in the size of the PV Alu subfamily in the common ancestor of human and gorilla has been used to isolate an Alu source gene. The human PV Alu subfamily consists of about one thousand members which are absent in gorilla and chimpanzee DNA. Exhaustive library screening shows that there are as few as two PV Alus in the gorilla genome. One is gorilla-specific, i.e., absent in the orthologous loci in both human and chimpanzee, suggesting the independent retrotranspositional activity of the PV subfamily in the gorilla lineage. The second of these two gorilla PV Alus is present in both human and chimpanzee DNAs and is the single PV Alu known to precede the radiation of these three species. The orthologous Alu in gibbon DNA resembles the next older Alu subfamily. Thus, this Alu locus is originally templated by a non-PV source gene and acquired characteristic PV sequence variants by mutational drift in situ, consequently becoming the first member and presumptive founder of this PV subfamily.
Interferometric 45° and 60° strain rosettes measuring

A laser-based technique, referred to as interferometric strain rosettes for measuring three in-plane strains, is presented. The strain rosette consists of three microindentations produced on a specimen surface and can be of two separate forms. The two forms are 45° and 60° rosettes for indentations located at the vertices of a 45° right triangle and an equilateral triangle, respectively. The three indentations for either form can be grouped into three pairs. When the indentations are illuminated with laser light, each pair of indentations acts like a two-point source generating a pair of Young’s interference fringe patterns. The fringe spacing is inversely proportional to the separation of the indentations. Because strains cause the separation to change, the fringe spacing also changes. The fringe change is monitored with linear-array diodes and collected real time through a microcomputer system. The three strain components in the directions of the indentation pairs can then be obtained.
Interaction between different types of domain-constraint knowledge in image segmentation

Image segmentation systems which employs domain specific knowledge produce, in general, results superior to context-free systems. A significant drawback with using domain specific knowledge is its lack of portability and excessive development and computation time. In this paper, we investigate using a general rule based segmentation system and augmenting it with domain constraint knowledge to improve the performance of the system. We also investigate interactions between multiple types of domain constraint knowledge and their effect on parameter selection and rule ordering.© (1993) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Optimal Masculinity: Feminine Races or Genders Attenuate Sanctions for Domineering Behavior

Prior research has found that Asians are perceived to be feminine, and Blacks are perceived to be masculine (Galinsky, Hall, & Cuddy, 2012; Johnson, Freeman, and Pauker, 2011). We investigate the i...
Warped time lens in temporal imaging for optical real-time data compression

We introduce for the first time the concept of anamorphic temporal imaging and its application to analog data compression in a time lens. Placed in front of a conventional spectrometer, this technique enhances the spectral resolution and the update rate. More importantly, it performs real-time optical data compression to reduce the volume of the generated digital data. Our technique introduces the concept of the warped time lens. We show that a specific class of warped time-to-frequency mapping operations combined with the nonlinear operation inherent in a photo-detector compresses the time-bandwidth product in a temporal imaging system. We employ our newly introduced Stretched Modulation Distribution to design the warp profile. Using this method, the narrow spectral features beyond the spectrometer resolution can be captured and at the same time the output bandwidth and hence the record length is minimized. The reduction in the record length results in higher update rate for the spectrometer without sacrificing the spectral resolution or bandwidth. Our method also benefits from amplitude and phase detection to recover the input complex-field spectrum. By compressing the time-bandwidth product, anamorphic temporal imaging addresses the Big Data problem in such high-throughput instruments.
A Potential Application of Canaloplasty in Glaucoma Gene Therapy

Canaloplasty, a recently developed nonpenetrating glaucoma surgical approach, may restore physiological outflow routes in primary open-angle glaucoma with less risk of severe postoperative complications than trabeculectomy. Since the inner wall of Schlemm's canal (SC) is directly in contact with the trabecular meshwork (TM) for 360° and the catheter device used in canaloplasty allows viscoelastic to be injected into the entire length of SC, canaloplasty might also be used to perform SC/TM-targeted delivery of transgene vectors for glaucoma gene therapy. This hypothesized new method for transgene delivery may give the transgene access to the entire inner wall of SC and the whole juxtacanalicular region of the TM and allow the transgene to be expressed in both the TM and SC without affecting the cornea, iris, and ciliary body. This strategy might have a greater trabecular outflow resistance-decreasing effect than either the genetic or surgical approach alone.
An attempt to reconstruct evolutionary changes in the cellular DNA content of lungfish

Living lungfish (Osteichthyes: Dipnoi) are known to have a very large cell size and unusually large quantitities of DNA per cell (up to 40 times the mammalian content). The pattern of evolution of cell size in fossil Dipnoi has been examined in order to see what light it might possibly shed on the question of the origin and evolutionary significance of DNA multiplication in Dipnoi. In the Devonian, cell size was low and it increased only in the Carboniferous when the major dipnoan morphological and taxonomic diversifications were ebbing. If it can be shown that there is a functional relationship between cell size and DNA content, then the data suggest that increase in cellular DNA content have a retarding rather than stimulating effect on dipnoan evolution. Since large cell size and (by inference) high cellular DNA content are not a primary feature of the dipnoan stock, it is suggested that in those other vertebrates, such as certain amphibians, which show the same phenomenon, it is also a secondary feature.
Pulse response tuning of high speed InGaAs thin film MSM photodetector using external RCL loads

Practical, packaged photodetectors (PDs) must be interfaced to bias and transmission lines, which introduce parasitics. These parasitics (resistance, capacitance and inductance) can be used to shape the temporal and frequency response of packaged photodetectors. Thus, the bias circuitry, external passives, and high speed interconnections must be carefully designed to produce the desired response in a packaged photodetector. Applications dictate the desired PD characteristics, which are generally either a flat frequency response, or a fast, ring-free impulse response. In this paper, the effects of the parasitic resistance, capacitance, and inductance are studied to affect the intrinsic response of photodetectors for a flat frequency response or a fast ring-free impulse response. For the optical transmission of microwave and millimeter wave RF signals, such as remote antennas or radar arrays, a flat frequency response is critical. A flat frequency response can be obtained from controlled ringing in the temporal domain. This paper explores the control of ringing in the temporal domain using varied external loads. A fast fall time, ring-free pulse is useful for digital communications applications where ringing can degrade the bit error rate. Fourier transforms show that a ring-free impulse response has a characteristic fall-off at high frequencies. However, this fall-off is detrimental for frequency domain applications, so the optimization condition for the inductance and capacitance is different for these applications. This paper explores the suppression of the impulse response tail by varying the external loads.
Potential errors in liquid scintillation counting of very dilute solutions of labeled tetracyclines.

Abstract Determination of the specific activity of low concentrations of tritiated doxycycline or tritiated tetracycline by liquid scintillation counting in a toluene scintillator in glass vials gave misleadingly low values through adsorption to the wall of the vial. The phenomenon was more pronounced in nylon and polyethylene vials. Use of Cab-O-Sil or of siliconized glass vials gave better, but still unsatisfactory, results. The problem can be overcome by addition of unlabeled solute to bring the concentration of the solution being counted to above 5 μg/ml. Results obtained for doxycycline with Triton X-100 scintillator in glass or polyethylene vials were reliable, with little variation over a wide range of concentration, but nylon vials again proved to be unsatisfactory.
MAIN STREET TRANSFORMED: COMMUNITY SENSE OF PLACE FOR NONMETROPOLITAN TOURISM BUSINESS DISTRICTS

This case study applies the segment approach to investigate community sense of place for a small-town tourism business district (TBD). A stratified random sample of residents from Galena, Illinois (population 3,647), is analyzed to identify personal values and behaviors most closely associated with sense of place for downtown. Despite Galena's extreme orientation to tourism, natives and middle-class newcomers generally were found to be equally, and highly, involved with their TBD. Consequently, respondents claimed sentiments of "at-homeness" (or sense of place) for downtown regardless of their duration of residence. However, natives and newcomers collectively valued downtown for different reasons. One implication is that sense of place for downtown can translate into local agency-based projects and interest groups that promote or oppose the transformation of place. In turn, community cohesiveness can be threatened through the process of transforming a historic downtown into a TBD. [Key words: tourism busi...
Introduction: materials research in an aberration-free environment.

The last decade has witnessed a revolution in electron microscopy as online correction of spherical aberration has become a reality in both fixed-beam and scanning instruments. The combination of improved resolution and higher beam currents coupled with the prospect of simpler image interpretation has stimulated great interest and excitement across the entire field of microscopy. The Microscopy Society of America has an active Focused Interest Group on the topic of “Materials Research in an Aberration-Free Environment,” and its goal is to provide a forum for discussion and dissemination of the latest advances in instrumentation and novel applications of aberration-corrected electron microscopy. This special issue of Microscopy and Microanalysis contains contributions from the Pre-Meeting Congress on this topic held in Chicago, Illinois, in late July 2006, immediately preceding Microscopy & Microanalysis 2006.
ANALYSIS OF N-TERMINAL CAPPING USING CARBONYL-CARBON CHEMICAL SHIFT MEASUREMENTS

The model peptide XAAAAEAAARAAAARamide is used to examine the contributions of an N-terminal capping interaction to the conformation and stability of a helical ensemble. The reference peptide has an alanine residue at position X while the capping peptide has a serine residue at this position. The helical ensemble was characterized using circular dichroism measurements and carbonyl-carbon chemical shift measurements of selectively enriched residues. The distribution of helicity within the ensemble of the reference peptide at pH 11 and 0 degrees C appears symmetrical, having a uniform central helix and frayed ends. This distribution is truncated at pH 6 by the repulsive electrostatic interaction between the positively charged alpha-amino group and the positively charged end of the helical macrodipole. The capping peptide forms a side-chain/ main-chain hydrogen bond involving the serine residue and amide of alanine 4. The presence of this hydrogen bond generates a unique motif in the chemical shift profile of its helical ensemble. The conformational stabilization contributed by this hydrogen bond, although cooperatively distributed throughout the helical ensemble, is preferentially focused within the first helical turn. The stabilization provided by this hydrogen bond is able to offset the truncation of the helical ensemble generated by the repulsive electrostatic interaction observed at pH 6.
Coordination of diatomic ligands to heme: simply CO.

The synthesis and molecular structures of three iron(II) porphyrinates with only CO as the axial ligand(s) are reported. Two five-coordinate [Fe(OEP)(CO)] derivatives have Fe-C = 1.7077(13) and 1.7140(10) A, much shorter than those of six-coordinate [Fe(OEP)(Im)(CO)], although nu(C-O) is 1944-1948 cm(-1). The six-coordinate species [Fe(OEP)(CO)2] has also been studied. The competition for pi-back-bonding of two CO ligands leads to Fe-C distance of 1.8558(10) A and nu(C-O) being increased to 2021 cm(-1). The Mossbauer spectrum has a quadrupole splitting constant of 0 mm/s at 4.2 K, indicating high electronic symmetry.
Negative regulation of the tumor suppressor p53 gene by microRNAs

The tumor suppressor p53, encoded by the TP53 gene, is recognized as the guardian of the human genome because it regulates many downstream genes to exercise its function in cell cycle and cell death. Recent studies have revealed that several microRNAs (miRNAs) are important components of the p53 tumor suppressor network with miR-125b and miR-504 directly targeting TP53. In this study, we use a screening method to identify that two miRNAs (miR-25 and miR-30d) directly target the 3'UTR of TP53 to downregulate p53 protein levels and reduce the expression of genes that are transcriptionally activated by p53. Correspondingly, both miR-25 and miR-30d adversely affect apoptotic cell death, cell cycle arrest and cellular senescence. Inhibition of either miR-25 or miR-30d expression increases endogenous p53 expression and elevates cellular apoptosis in several cell lines, including one from multiple myeloma that has little TP53 mutations. Thus, beyond miR-125b and miR-504, the human TP53 gene is negatively regulated by two more miRNAs: miR-25 and miR-30d.
Analysis of low-profile antennas on isoimpedance metamaterial substrates using a novel robust spectral-domain integration methodology

We outline an efficient full-wave algorithm to compute the scattered field radiated by printed antennas on planar-stratified substrates where each layer may exhibit arbitrary material anisotropy and loss characteristics. The algorithm is based on the closed-form, well-conditioned spectral domain representation of the associated Green's tensors and on a set of recently improved acceleration techniques to evaluate the resulting double Fourier integrals in the complex spectral plane. We illustrate the technique in the computation of the field radiated by a small loop antenna atop a thin isoimpedance metamaterial substrate. This type of substrate is designed to mimic the effects of a thicker substrate without exciting surface waves.
Burr Under the Saddle: How Media Coverage Influences Strategic Change

In this paper we introduce a new antecedent to the strategic change literature by examining the effect of media coverage on the extent of strategic change. Specifically, we examine how negative media coverage may prompt firms to make changes to their resource allocations and then explore how the makeup of the board and firm performance can moderate this relationship. We develop a theoretical framework to explain why media coverage may affect strategic change and then test our theory with a longitudinal analysis of 250 firms over a four-year period. The empirical results lend support to our theory of media influence on strategic change and suggest that the evaluations of firms by outside constituents may influence the decision making of executives.
Enhancing AODV routing protocol over mobile ad hoc sensor networks

In this paper, we efficiently adapt the prominent Ad hoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol with a reactive Local Link Repair (AODV-LR) for effective deployment in Mobile Ad hoc Sensor Networks (MASNETs) with restricted power and bandwidth. We introduce two replacement mechanisms to the local repair phase of the AODV. Our new approaches are self-repairing AODV algorithms called Reactive Self-repairing AODV (AODV-RSR) and Pre-emptive Self-repairing AODV (AODV-PSR). These two algorithms are able to find an alternative route to a failing link without depending only on broadcasting Route Request (RREQ) packets. Experimental results show that the new algorithms achieve better performance than the AODV-LR and Self-repair Algorithm (SRAODV) by obtaining lower packet delay, higher packet delivery ratio and lower control message overhead.
Arylsulfonamide KCN1 Inhibits In Vivo Glioma Growth and Interferes with HIF Signaling by Disrupting HIF-1α Interaction with Cofactors p300/CBP

Purpose:Thehypoxia-induciblefactor-1(HIF-1)playsacriticalroleintumoradaptationtohypoxia,and its elevated expression correlates with poor prognosis and treatment failure in patients with cancer. In this study, we determined whether 3,4-dimethoxy-N-[(2,2-dimethyl-2H-chromen-6-yl)methyl]-N-phenylbenzenesulfonamide, KCN1, the lead inhibitor in a novel class of arylsulfonamide inhibitors of the HIF-1 pathway, had antitumorigenic properties in vivo and further defined its mechanism of action. Experimental Design: We studied the inhibitory effect of systemic KCN1 delivery on the growth of human brain tumors in mice. To define mechanisms of KCN1 anti-HIF activities, we examined its influence on the assembly of a functional HIF-1a/HIF-1b/p300 transcription complex. Results: KCN1 specifically inhibited HIF reporter gene activity in several glioma cell lines at the nanomolar level. KCN1 also downregulated transcription of endogenous HIF-1 target genes, such as VEGF, Glut-1,andcarbonicanhydrase9,inahypoxia-responsiveelement(HRE)-dependentmanner.KCN1potently inhibited the growth of subcutaneous malignant glioma tumor xenografts with minimal adverse effects on thehost.Italsoinducedatemporarysurvivalbenefitinanintracranialmodelofgliomabuthadnoeffectina model of melanomametastasis to thebrain. Mechanistically, KCN1did notdownregulate thelevels of HIF1a or other components of the HIF transcriptional complex; rather, it antagonized hypoxia-inducible transcription by disrupting the interaction of HIF-1a with transcriptional coactivators p300/CBP. Conclusions: Our results suggest that the new HIF pathway inhibitor KCN1 has antitumor activity in mouse models, supporting its further translation for the treatment of human tumors displaying hypoxia or HIF overexpression. Clin Cancer Res; 18(24); 6623–33. � 2012 AACR.
Neonatal Vocalizations of Ten Species of Malaysian Bats (Megachiroptera and Microchiroptera)

As infants, bats emit non-sonar calls that are species typical. Five different species of Hipposideros have contrasting neonatal calls. The calling rates increase and then wane with age in the same general pattern as seen in rodents. Infant bat calls show greater frequency sweep and higher repetition rates than those of rodents. In contrast to microchiropterans, infants of a megachiropteran, Eonycteris , emit calls with a lower repetition rate; the calls show no increase in frequency with age.
Estimating current density in the heart using structured and unstructured covariance analysis

The inverse problem of electrocardiography can be defined as the determination of the electrical activity of the heart from measurements of the body-surface electromagnetic field. The solution to this inverse problem may ultimately improve the ability to detect and treat cardiac diseases early. We present an algorithm for estimating the current density of the heart using ECG and magnetocardiography (MCG) sensor arrays. We model the electrical activity of the heart using current density represented by a set of deterministic and stochastic spatio-temporal basis functions. In order to solve the corresponding Fredholm equation we apply the clement-free Galerkin method and compute the measurements as a function of the torso geometry and cardiac source. Then, we maximize the likelihood function to estimate the unknown parameters assuming a presence of spatially correlated Gaussian noise with unknown covariance matrix. Numerical examples illustrate the applicability of our results.
ChIP-chip: considerations for the design, analysis, and application of genome-wide chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments.

Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) is a well-established procedure used to investigate interactions between proteins and DNA. Coupled with whole-genome DNA microarrays, ChIPs allow one to determine the entire spectrum of in vivo DNA binding sites for any given protein. The design and analysis of ChIP-microarray (also called ChIP-chip) experiments differ significantly from the conventions used for more traditional microarray experiments that measure relative transcript levels. Furthermore, fundamental differences exist between single-locus ChIP approaches and ChIP-chip experiments, and these differences require new methods of analysis. In this light, we review the design of DNA microarrays, the selection of controls, the level of repetition required, and other critical parameters for success in the design and analysis of ChIP-chip experiments, especially those conducted in the context of mammalian or other relatively large genomes.
Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease: The “Common Soil” Hypothesis

Unlike classical microvascular complications, large-vessel atherosclerosis can precede the development of diabetes, suggesting that rather than atherosclerosis being a complication of diabetes, both conditions have common genetic and environmental antecedents, i.e., they spring from a "common soil." It is now known that adverse environmental conditions, perhaps related to less-than-optimal nutrition, in fetal and early life are associated with an enhanced risk of both diabetes and cardiovascular disease many decades later. These same adverse environmental conditions are also associated with the development in adult life of abdominal obesity and the insulin-resistance syndrome (IRS). The IRS consists of glucose intolerance, hyperinsulinemia, dyslipidemia (high triglyceride and low high-density lipoprotein [HDL] cholesterol levels), and hypertension. Although the mechanism underlying this cluster is controversial, the statistical association is well established. All of the elements of the IRS have been documented as risk factors for type II diabetes. Some, but not all, of these elements are also cardiovascular disease risk factors, in particular, hypertension and low HDL cholesterol. Other factors associated with the IRS that may enhance cardiovascular disease risk are plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 and small, dense low-density lipoprotein particles. Whether insulin itself is a risk factor remains controversial, but recent epidemiological evidence has been mostly negative. This question has marked clinical relevance because if the IRS enhances cardiovascular disease risk by virtue of its concomitant factors and not the hyperinsulinemia per se, this would tend to alleviate concerns that intensive insulin management of type II diabetic subjects could enhance the risk of large-vessel atherosclerosis. Clinical trials are urgently needed to settle this point.
Thermal anomaly prediction in data centers

In recent years, the demand for data centers has seen tremendous growth. Simultaneously, power densities have increased resulting in greater chances of thermal anomalies - situations where the temperature at a location exceeds the safety threshold for equipment placed there. In this paper, we explore some techniques for predicting such thermal anomalies so that preemptive steps can be taken to address them. Four such techniques - a simple threshold method, a moving averages-based method, an EWMA-based method, and, a machine learning technique called naive Bayesian classifier - are tried on three months of temperature sensor data obtained from a real data center. The initial results are encouraging and the naive Bayes method performs better than the others, although the false positive rate needs to be improved.
Simulated rescue airway use by laypersons with scripted telephonic instruction

Abstract Background The King LT-D is a supraglottic airway with the potential for use by trained first responders in settings where access to advanced life support interventions by a physician or Emergency Medical Services may be delayed. Objectives To determine the success rate of novice users in the telephone-directed placement of the King LT-D airway during a simulated respiratory arrest in order to establish the feasibility of conducting further study into use of the device by first responders after minimal training. Methods We conducted a prospective study using 30 undergraduate students without medical training and a high-fidelity simulator. Subjects were instructed using a telephone-directed protocol to assess the airway, place the King LT-D and ventilate the simulator. Subjects were assessed on the successful placement of the King LT-D, time to placement, and perceived ease of use of the device. A Likert scale was used to identify the participant's perceptions. Subjects with CPR/AED certification were compared to those without such training. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and a t -test. Results The King airway was successfully placed in 80% (95% CI: 65; 95) of attempts. Success rate did not differ with prior CPR training. The median time to successful placement was 1min 50s (95% CI: 1min 6s; 2min 39s). The participants perceived the King LT-D to be easy to place in 90% (27/30) of cases. Conclusion The King LT-D is simple enough to use, that it can be successfully placed by novice users with minimal telephonic instruction. This suggests that further studies could be conducted to determine the effect of King LT-D use on quality of airway management in scenarios depicting management of cardiac arrest by first responders in areas with delayed access to ALS interventions.
Concomitant chemoradiotherapy with Cisplatin dose escalation as palliative therapy for advanced malignancies of the chest

The simultaneous or concomitant administration of a chemotherapeutic agent with radiation therapy has been employed as a unique treatment modality in a number of locally advanced malignancies including head and neck cancer, limited stage small cell lung cancer, and squamous cell carcinoma of the anus, as well as in esophageal carcinoma. Concomitant chemoradiotherapy is aimed at improving local control by overcoming radioresistance, and at eradicating distant micrometastasis to decrease systemic failure rates [1].
Neovascularization After Irradiation: What is the Source of Newly Formed Vessels in Recurring Tumors?

Local relapse of tumors after radiation therapy remains a challenge in oncology. To devise rational approaches for preventing this relapse, we have to improve our understanding of how new vessels form in previously irradiated tumors. We propose that tumor regrowth after local irradiation is dependent on blood vessel formation by local endothelial cells without the need for recruitment of endothelial precursor cells from distant nonirradiated tissues or bone marrow. We also suggest that infiltrating myeloid bone marrow–derived cells promote survival of local endothelial cells during the early period after irradiation and angiogenesis during the later stage of tumor regrowth, both via paracrine mechanisms.