cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Contemporaneous causal orderings of US corn cash prices through directed acyclic graphs

This study investigates dynamic relationships among US corn cash prices for the years 2006–2011. Using daily data from 182 markets in seven Midwestern states, an error correction model is estimated and directed acyclic graphs characterize the contemporaneous causal relationships among prices from different states. Empirical results based on the PC algorithm show that three states, Iowa, Ohio, and Minnesota, dominate corn cash prices. Four potential causal paths among the three states also are identified. Given that physical flows of grain are different at different times of the year, the data are divided into storage periods and harvest periods, and a VAR in differences is adopted to model the price relationships. While Iowa and Ohio continue to dominate corn prices during the storage period, the causal flows are mixed during the harvest period. An application of the LiNGAM algorithm refines the results relative to those derived from the PC algorithm and reveals that Iowa, the leading corn-producing state, is the only state that dominates pricing over the crop year.
Gastroschisis: a birth defect seen in increasing numbers in Oklahoma?

OBJECTIVE To identify if an actual increase in children born with gastroschisis is occurring in Oklahoma. To compare findings with historical and current literature concerning the incidence of this congenital malformation of the abdominal wall. DATA Derived from Children's Hospital of Oklahoma (CHO) medical records, inventory sheets completed by nurses and resident physicians on admission of gastroschisis infants at CHO, hospital records of Tulsa pediatric surgeons (Subramania Jegathesan, MD, and Richard Ranne, MD), and the state health departments of Oklahoma and Iowa. FINDINGS 1. Increase in number of gastroschisis children born in Oklahoma. 2. Comparable findings in the state of Iowa. 3. No specific maternal or environmental factor to account for increase. CONCLUSIONS Children born with gastroschisis in Oklahoma and other areas of the country, as well as internationally, have shown an increase in number over the past two decades. This increase cannot be attributed to any one identifiable factor.
Race and Gender Differences in Correlates of Death Anxiety Among Elderly in the United States.

Background: Death anxiety among elderly is a major public health concern. Few studies, however, have been conducted on factors associated with death anxiety. Objectives: This study investigated race and gender dierences in psychosocial correlates of death anxiety among elderly in the US. Materials and Methods: With a cross-sectional design, we used data of the Religion, Aging, and Health survey. 1,074 White and Black elderly (age > 65 years, 615 women, 359 men) were entered to this study. Demographic (age, gender, and race), socio-economic (family income, perceived financial diculty), health (number of chronic medical conditions and self-rated health), and psycholog- ical (perceived control over life) factors were measured. Death anxiety was measured using four items. We used linear regressions to determine factors associated with death anxiety based on race and gender. Results: Although race and gender did not have main eects on death anxiety (P > 0.05), they altered correlates of death anxiety. Age was a predictor of death anxiety among women (B = 0.165, P = 0.002) but not men (B = 0.082, P = 0.196). Self-rated health was associated with death anxiety among Whites (B = - 0.120, P = 0.050) but not Blacks (B = - 0.077, P = 0.268). Total family income was only associated with death anxiety among White men. Conclusions: Demographic, socio-economic, health, and psychological determinants of death anxiety in United States dier based on race, gender, and their intersection. Findings advocate that geriatric psychiatrists and gerontologists who wish to reduce death anxiety among elderly people may need to tailor their interventions to race and gender.
Internal Migration in Oaxaca: Its Role and Value to Rural Movers

The contemporary study of Mexican migration typically highlights international, cross-border, U.S.-bound movement. The rapid increase in migration to the United States in the 1980s and 1990s and its continued importance to movers and nonmovers as well as sending and destination communities is not in doubt, yet, the role of internal mobility—movement that takes migrants from their hometowns and communities to destinations within their country of origin—is not well documented. Internal migration in Mexico has a long history, follows unique pathways and motivations, and continues to be important in the present. Building on research in the southern state of Oaxaca we explore this overlooked topic and focus on three themes: (1) the history of internal migration for Oaxacan movers; (2) decision making for movers and nonmovers; and (3) the role that contemporary internal migration continues to play in Mexico.
Predictors of drug court client graduation

ABSTRACTThis descriptive study examined differences between Shelby County Drug Court (DC) graduates and dropouts, and identified predictors of graduation. More graduates were employed, Caucasian females with a high school diploma and preferred alcohol as their primary drug choice. Education, diluted urine drug screens, rearrests, and jail sentencing sanctions variables from the prediction model were tested for indirect effects with the mediating variable for number of program days on DC graduation. Consistent with the direct effects, low education had the greatest effect on not graduating, which has implications for DC practice changes and future literacy research with the DC client population.
Tips for the First-Year Health Sciences Librarian.

ABSTRACTA new librarian offers advice and insights about what she has learned from working at a library within a health science center. The librarian earned her MLIS in spring 2015, and while she had previous teaching experience, she realized there was much more learning needed to properly teach medical, graduate and allied health students, faculty, and residents. In this “one-year on the job” column, the librarian describes the different teaching experiences today’s librarians encounter, and reflects on what she has learned from them and how they shape her view of the profession.
In situ electrical modulation and monitoring of nanoporous gold morphology

The ability to fine-tune feature size in nanostructured thin films is critical, as many desirable properties of these materials are dictated by their nanostructure. Accordingly, there is a need for techniques that allow for modifying nanostructure while monitoring the morphological changes in situ. Here, we demonstrate a closed-loop electro-annealing system which enables in situ monitoring of morphology evolution in sub-micron nanoporous gold (np-Au) thin films. Np-Au is produced by a microfabrication-compatible self-assembly process that produces a network of interconnected ligaments with tunable diameter (10 s to 100 s of nanometers), making it a desirable material for numerous applications and fundamental studies alike. We specifically investigate the relationship between np-Au morphology (i.e., ligament diameter) and electrical resistance of the thin film. A strong correlation emerges between ligament size and electrical resistance, which puts forward resistance as an effective parameter for monitoring morphology evolution. Surprisingly, np-Au films with thicker ligaments lead to an increase in electrical resistance, which is unexpected since the extent of charge carrier scattering at the ligament surface should decrease with increasing ligament size. Further examination of np-Au morphology with high-resolution electron microscopy revealed grain growth on the ligaments in highly-annealed np-Au thin films. This suggests that grains act as scattering centers for charge carriers and this becomes the dominant mechanism in dictating electrical resistance in a percolated network of thin conductive ligaments.
Monitoring Changes in Effective Population Size during Pond Culture of Red Drum

AbstractReduction of genetic diversity can occur at two general phases in stock enhancement: spawning and pond culture. In the latter case, reduction in genetic diversity can take place if mortality impacts family groups disproportionately during pond culture. The stock enhancement program developed by the Texas Parks and Wildlife for Red Drum Sciaenops ocellatus was used to determine whether this phenomenon occurs with any regularity. Larvae were sampled prior to pond culture to determine the genetic effective size (Ne) of the spawned population. At the end of pond culture, fingerlings were sampled and changes in Ne over the duration of pond culture were measured. In two trials, there was a nominal reduction in Ne during pond culture (−0.9 < ΔNe < −1.0). In three trials, a net gain in Ne (0.3 < ΔNe < 0.6) was observed, due to disproportionate mortality that influenced family groups that were overrepresented in larvae samples (prior to pond culture). Significant mortality and family turnover was observed ...
Promoting oxo functionalization in the uranyl ion by ligation to ketimides

Abstract Reaction of [UO2Cl2(THF)2]2 with 8 equiv of Li(N=CtBuPh) or 6 equiv of Li(N=CtBu2) affords the uranyl ketimide complexes, [Li(THF)(Et2O)]2[UO2(N=CtBuPh)4] (1) and [Li(THF)(TMEDA)][UO2(N=CtBu2)3] (2), respectively. Complexes 1 and 2 have been fully characterized, including analysis by X-ray crystallography. Most importantly, both complexes feature dative interactions between their lithium counterions and the uranyl oxo ligands. These interactions are likely a consequence of their weaker UO bonds, which are caused by electrostatic repulsion between the anionic N donor atom of the strongly electron donating ketimide ligand and the oxo ligand of the uranyl fragment.
Current Treatments for Coccydynia

Refractory cases of coccydynia can be functionally debilitating. Here, we summarize the latest advances in interventional options for coccydynia. The literature on treatments of coccydynia is sparse, and mostly limited to low-quality studies. Although some of these studies have demonstrated benefit from various treatment options, the lack of high-quality, prospective, controlled trials limits the ability to draw conclusions about efficacy. Conservative treatment remains the mainstay of coccydynia. In refractory cases, invasive treatments may be considered, although larger, randomized studies are needed to establish clear efficacy.
Gendered Transactions: the white woman in colonial India, c. 1820–1930

The presence of white women in British colonies – grudgingly accepted on the basis that these women provided both companionship in the home and participated in the ‘civilizing mission’ beyond – oft...
Isolation Improvement Techniques for Wideband Millimeter-Wave Repeaters

Two passive approaches for improving the isolation between flush-mounted transmitting (TX) and receiving (RX) antennas over 45–110 GHz are investigated. Both configurations exploit a reactive impedance surface (RIS) that suppresses TM polarized surface waves propagating on the ground plane between the TX and RX antennas. Quarter-wavelength corrugated one-dimensional (1-D) RIS is shown to improve isolation by ∼20 dB in an octave bandwidth (45–90 GHz), whereas concentric corrugations around the antennas improve isolation over the same bandwidth with better antenna radiation characteristics at the low end. On the other hand, an isolation improvement of ∼15 dB over the entire bandwidth is obtained with an array of grounded circular patches 2-D RIS. Computational studies are validated with measurements of quad-ridge horns with 3-D printed corrugations and printed circuit board 2-D RIS patches.
Systematic Improvement on the Classical Molecular Model of Water

The theoretical and computational modeling of water requires striking a balance between a detailed description of the physical interactions and the numerical simplicity needed for sampling the condensed phase. Here we report the iAMOEBA classical polarizable water model, which is a simplified version of the AMOEBA model from ten years ago. iAMOEBA uses a "direct" or or first-order approximation to describe electronic polarizability, which reduces the computational cost relative to a fully polarizable model such as AMOEBA. The model is parameterized using ForceBalance, a systematic model optimization method which simultaneously utilizes training data from experimental measurements and high-level ab initio calculations. We show that iAMOEBA is a highly accurate model for water in the gas and condensed phases with the ability to predict a comprehensive set of properties outside of the training data. The increased accuracy of iAMOEBA over the fully polarizable AMOEBA model indicates the validity of the direct polarization approximation in effectively capturing polarization effects in water. Our work also demonstrates ForceBalance as a method which allows the researcher to systematically improve empirical models by optimally utilizing the available reference data.View Large Image | View Hi-Res Image | Download PowerPoint Slide
Direct and specific inhibition of constitutive nitric oxide synthase uniquely regulates brush border membrane Na-absorptive pathways in intestinal epithelial cells.

Abstract Pharmacological manipulations of constitutive nitric oxide (cNO) levels have been shown to have variable effects on Na absorption in vivo and in vitro in different tissues. Species differences, untoward in vivo effects (e.g. ENS, blood flow) and pharmacological non-specificity may account for these confounding observations. Thus, to directly and specifically determine the effect of cNO on brush border membrane Na/H exchange (NHE3) and Na-dependent glucose co-transport (SGLT-1), we inhibited cNO synthase (NOS3) with its siRNA in rat small intestinal epithelial cells (IEC-18) in vitro. As expected, intracellular cNO levels were reduced in siRNA NOS3 transfected cells. In these cells, SGLT-1 was significantly reduced compared to control. In contrast, NHE3 was significantly increased in siRNA NOS3 transfected cells. To determine if SGLT-1 changes were secondary to altered Na/K-ATPase, its activity was measured and found to be increased in NOS3 silenced cells. The mechanism of inhibition of SGLT-1 was secondary to diminished affinity of the co-transporter for glucose in NOS3 silenced cells. In contrast, the mechanism of stimulation of NHE3 is by increasing BBM exchanger numbers in siRNA NOS3 cells while the affinity was unaffected. Western blot studies of immunoreactive BBM proteins also confirmed the kinetic studies. All these data indicates that direct and specific inhibition of NOS3 with its siRNA inhibits SGLT-1 while stimulating NHE3 in the BBM. Thus, cNO uniquely and compensatorily regulates BBM NHE3 and SGLT-1 to maintain cellular Na homeostasis and these unique alterations by cNO are mediated by its intracellular 2nd messenger cGMP.
Asthma: A Heterogeneous and Challenging Chronic Condition

Asthma is the most common chronic health condition affecting children and a leading cause of emergency department visits and hospitalizations. The diagnosis of asthma can be challenging, but focusing on pertinent aspects of the clinical history can help establish the proper diagnosis. Asthma symptoms can be triggered by exposure to multiple different triggers, which may occur acutely or on a chronic basis. The level of asthma severity and/or control can be readily assessed for all patients and should be utilized to guide treatment. Asthma therapy relies upon the acquisition of self-management skills, use of controller medications for persistent asthma, and avoidance of known triggers. There are multiple types of medications that can be utilized to help control persistent asthma, with inhaled corticosteroids as the mainstay of treatment. Asthma varies considerably in regard to phenotypes, endotypes, severity, and prognosis. This chapter will help identify factors specific to each individual that contribute to the heterogeneity of asthma.
The Respondent-Generated Intervals Approach to Sample Surveys: From Theory to Experiment

We describe a new method for asking questions involving recall in surveys, called Respondent-Generated Intervals (RGI). We ask respondents for lower and upper bounds for the true answer to a factual question, as well as their best guess. For example, “How many times did you visit your doctor last year?” Also, “What is the largest value the true value is likely to be, and what is the smallest value the true value is likely to be?” Bayesian and other estimators are proposed. We describe several empirical studies that have used, and are using the RGI protocol.
Suppression and Facilitation by Response Contingent Shock

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses different functions of the punishment procedure and focuses on a “reverse” strategy. It also focuses on the extent to which the suppression produced by punishment is indicative of a suppression function. The chapter then describes the varied functions of punishment and presents a comparison of these functions with those of a non-aversive stimulus contingency, such as where the procedural operation for punishment is met through the use of a “neutral” rather than a noxious stimulus. It also highlights paradoxical effects of punishment that show facilitated performance where a suppression effect is clearly expected. The chapter further focuses on those circumstances where such facilitation is produced by response-contingent electric shock. It also focuses on shock as a punishing stimulus. The chapter describes the functions of punishment that may be reflected by paradoxical facilitation. There are two broad and arbitrary classes of the study of paradoxical effects: the first bearing on the possible stimulus or “cue” functions of punishment and the second relating to the response-eliciting functions of punishment. This classification is representative of a treatment in which punishment is viewed primarily with respect to its effects as a stimulus—firstly as conditioned stimulus and secondly as an unconditioned stimulus or response elicitor.
Concurrent chemotherapy and radiation versus chemotherapy alone for N3 stage IIIb NSCLC in elderly patients.

8536Background: The NCCN guidelines recommend treating stage IIIB NSCLC (non-small cell lung cancer) with concurrent chemotherapy and radiation (chemo-RT). There is data to suggest that N3 stage II...
When and Where Do Women's Legislative Caucuses Emerge?

Women have organized around their gendered identity to accomplish political goals both inside and outside legislatures. Formal and informal institutional norms shape the form this collective action takes and whether it is successful. What, then, are the favorable conditions for organizing women's caucuses inside legislatures? Using an original dataset and employing an event history analysis, we identify the institutional conditions under which women's caucuses emerged in the 50 US states from 1972 to 2009. Within a feminist institutional framework, we argue that women's ability to alter existing organizational structures and potentially affect gender norms within legislatures is contextual. Although we find that women's presence in conjunction with Democratic Party control partially explains women's ability to act collectively and in a bipartisan way within legislatures, our analysis suggests that institutional-level variables are not enough to untangle this complicated phenomenon. Our work explains how gender and party interact to shape legislative behavior and clarifies the intractability of institutional norms while compelling further qualitative evidence to uncover the best conditions for women's collective action within legislatures.
Affecting migration: Public information campaigns and the intimate spatialities of border enforcement

A broad body of research has examined the shifting spatialities of contemporary border enforcement efforts, drawing particular attention to how border enforcement efforts increasingly take place aw...
Creating a Virtual Evidence Room for RN-BSN Program Accreditation

Abstract Achieving national accreditation is a superior achievement for a nursing program. However, this process can be very time consuming and stressful. Creating a virtual evidence room to house documents used in the accreditation process helps save time and provides an efficient approach to creating a self-study document. This paper describes how to create the evidence room and provides suggestions about which documents to place in evidence.
Reflections on glass.

An important phenomenon in the study of human perception is the ability of observers to identify different types of surface materials. The present article will consider a wide range of factors that can influence the perceptual identification of glass, including the structural complexity of an object, whether it is hollow or solid, and the pattern of illumination. Several illumination techniques used in the field of photography are described, and examples are provided to show how they interact with structural complexity. A single psychophysical experiment is reported to evaluate the perceptions of naive observers using a novel categorization task designed to assess potential confusions among multiple material categories. Finally, the paper will enumerate a number of specific image features that are potentially diagnostic for the identification of glass, and it will evaluate their relative importance for human perception.
Carbon dioxide can eliminate operating room fires from alcohol-based surgical skin preps

Surgical fires are a rare event that still occur at a significant rate and can result in severe injury and death. Surgical fires are fueled by vapor from alcohol-based skin preparations in the presence of increased oxygen concentration and a spark from an energy device. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is used to extinguish electrical fires, and we sought to evaluate its effect on fire creation in the operating room. We hypothesize that CO2 delivered by the energy device will decrease the frequency of surgical fires fueled by alcohol-based skin preparations. An ex vivo model with 15 × 15 cm section of clipped, porcine skin was used. A commercially available electrosurgical pencil with a smoke evacuation tip was connected to a laparoscopic CO2 insufflation system. The electrosurgical pencil was activated for 2 s at 30 watts coagulation mode immediately after application of alcohol-based surgical skin preparations: 70% isopropyl alcohol with 2% chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG-IPA) or 74% isopropyl alcohol with 0.7% iodine povacrylex (Iodine-IPA). CO2 was infused via the smoke evacuation pencil at flow rates from 0 to 8 L/min. The presence of a flame was determined visually and confirmed with a thermal camera (FLIR Systems, Boston, MA). Carbon dioxide eliminated fire formation at a flow rate of 1 L/min with CHG-IPA skin prep (0% vs. 60% with no CO2, p < 0.0001). Carbon dioxide reduced fire formation at 1 L/min (25% vs. 47% with no CO2, p = 0.1) with Iodine-IPA skin prep and fires were eliminated at 2 L/min of flow with Iodine-IPA skin prep (p < 0.0001). Carbon dioxide can eliminate surgical fires caused by energy devices in the presence of alcohol-based skin preps. Future studies should determine the optimal technique and flow rate of carbon dioxide in these settings.
Comparison of 1-week and 2-week recall periods for caregiver-reported diarrhoeal illness in children, using nationally representative household surveys

Background Diarrhoeal outcomes in children are often ascertained using caregiver-reported symptoms, which are subject to a variety of biases and methodological challenges. One source of bias is the time window used for reporting diarrhoeal illness and the ability of caregivers to accurately recall episodes in children. Methods Diarrhoea period prevalence in children under five was determined using two similarly administered, nationally representative household surveys: Performance Monitoring and Accountability 2020 (PMA2020) (1-week recall, N = 14 603) and Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) (2-week recall, N = 66 717). Countries included in the analysis were the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya and Uganda. Diarrhoea period prevalence estimates were compared and water, sanitation and hygiene risk factors were analysed. Results Childhood diarrhoea prevalence using 1-week recall (PMA2020) pooled across countries was 21.4% [95% confidence interval (CI): 19.9%, 22.9%] versus 16.0% using 2-week recall (DHS) (95% CI: 15.4%, 16.5%). In stratified analyses for all five countries, the number of diarrhoea cases detected was consistently higher using 1-week recall versus 2-week recall. The key risk factors identified in the PMA2020 data that were not associated with diarrhoeal episodes or were attenuated in the DHS data included: the main sanitation classifications for households, disposal method used for child faeces, number of household members and wealth quintiles. Conclusions For nationally representative household surveys assessing childhood diarrhoea period prevalence, a 2-week recall period may underestimate diarrhoea prevalence compared with a 1-week period. The household sanitation facility and practices remain key risk factors for diarrhoeal disease in children under five.
EcoScience + Art initiative: Designing a New Paradigm for College Education, Scholarship, and Service

The paper presents a new initiative, EcoScience + Art, which blooms at George Mason University. The creator explains the background, history, and recent activities of the initiative, and also introduces an on-going special project called “The Rain Project”, a student participatory project to design, construct, and monitor a green infrastructure (i.e., floating wetland) for sustainable stormwater management on campus. The special project is geared to design and present a new paradigm to integrate college education, scholarship, and service. The relevance of the initiative and the special project to STEAM education is discussed. Author/Artist Bio Ahn is currently an Associate Professor in Environmental Science and Policy, and an affiliated faculty member with Civil, Environmental, and Infrastructure Engineering and Biology. Ahn is a wetland ecosystem ecologist and an ecological engineer. He teaches Wetland Ecology and Management, Ecosystem Modeling and Analysis, Ecological Sustainability, Ecological Engineering and Ecosystem Restoration. Ecological Sustainability is a relatively new course that is a green course sponsored by sustainability office and also a research and scholarship (R&S) intensive course for undergraduates designated by Students as Scholars program at the univeristy. Ahn is dedicated to developing and innovating methods of teaching that will incorporate strong research experiences into undergraduate science education. To date, Ahn has published over 100 peerreviewed abstracts and journal articles, authored several book chapters. He is also a book review editor for Ecological Engineering-the Journal of Ecosystem Restoration. In 2013, Ahn created the EcoScience + Art, a new initiative to develop innovative ways of integrating teaching, research, and community service that can be adopted for designing college STEAM education.
"Mongering Is a Weird Life Sometimes": Discourse Analysis of a Sex Buyer Online Community.

The purpose of this study was to examine the narrative of sex buyers in an unmoderated online forum. Using a feminist critical discourse analysis (FCDA) and intersectionality approach, we investiga...
'Introduction: A Puzzling Journey' - Defending the Public’s Enemy: The Life and Legacy of Ramsey Clark (Stanford University Press 2019)

What led a former United States Attorney General to become one of the world's most notorious defenders of the despised? Defending the Public's Enemy examines Ramsey Clark's enigmatic life and career in a quest to answer this perplexing question. The book explores how Clark evolved from our government's chief lawyer to a strident advocate for some of America's most vilified enemies. Clark's early career was enmeshed with seminally important people and events of the 1960s: Martin Luther King, Jr., Watts Riots, Selma-to-Montgomery March, Black Panthers, Vietnam. As a government insider, he worked to secure the civil rights of black Americans, resisting persistent, racist calls for more law and order. However, upon entering the private sector, Clark seemingly changed, morphing into the government's adversary by aligning with a mystifying array of demonized clients—among them, alleged terrorists, reputed Nazi war criminals, and brutal dictators, including Saddam Hussein. Is Clark a man of character and integrity, committed to ensuring his government's adherence to the ideals of justice and fairness, or is he a professional antagonist, anti-American and reflexively contrarian to the core? The provocative life chronicled in Defending the Public's Enemy is emblematic of the contradictions at the heart of American political history, and society's ambivalent relationship with dissenters and outliers, as well as those who defend them. The Introduction offers a glimpse into the puzzle that is Ramsey Clark.
Minority Group Children and Behavior Disorders--The Case of Asian-American Children.

This article attempts to describe relationships between major disorders and minority group children, in this case, Asian-American children. Although HEW officially recognizes the Asian as a minorit...
In Defense of the Iowa Caucuses

Following the outcome of the 2020 Iowa Democratic Party caucuses, Iowa’s first-in-the-nation caucus status is in serious jeopardy. A number of commentators and scholars have criticized the Iowa caucuses. This Article contends the Iowa caucuses are a positive process for American democracy. This Article proffers five primary arguments why Iowa should retain its first-in-the-nation caucus status: 1) the Iowa caucuses promote civic engagement and civic responsibility; 2) the Iowa caucuses promote a personal touch to politics; 3) Iowans take the caucus process seriously; 4) the Iowa caucuses are healthy for democracy; and 5) the Iowa caucuses promote underdog candidates.
‘We don't even know who owns it’: the infrastructural imaginary of Spruce Pine, NC

This project explores in/visibility, publicity, and politics in the infrastructural imaginary of Spruce Pine, a mining town in the US state of North Carolina. Through participant observation and ot...
Decolonizing Approach to Understanding Intimate Partner Violence in Belize

Countries like Belize, located in the Global South, often have limited financial resources to address problems such as intimate partner violence, and financial support from the Global North is often accompanied by the inherent problems caused by the effects of colonization. As violence is one of the leading causes of death for women in Belize, the need to understand the reasons is pronounced. A decolonized approached is utilized to center the voices of women who had been victims of intimate partner violence. In conducting this research I address, the W questions: who, why, where, and how, in order to recognize my role in the research process and to center the voices of the collaborators. All of the collaborators, through sharing their stories, revealed the impact of colonization on how they see themselves and the world around them. These findings indicate the need for further research on the effects of colonization, as well as the decolonization methods needed in order to restructure how victims of intimate partner abuse are treated and provided support
Illumination of the Air Environment Using Radiation of HF Broadcast Stations

We consider the possibility of using illumination of the HF broadcast stations for location of air objects. The relationships for estimation of the detection range are obtained and requirements for the degree of suppression of a direct signal from the broadcast station are determined. Spectral characteristics of the signals from HF broadcast stations are studied experimentally for different polarizations of the received radiation. The possibility of air object detection using the Doppler effect is shown. Theoretical estimates of the radar cross section of air objects for different polarizations of the incident radiation are given. It is found experimentally that the radar cross section is about the same for the vertical and horizontal polarizations.
Neurocognitive abilities associated with antisocial behavior with and without callous-unemotional traits in a community sample.

Objective Antisocial behavior (aggression, rule breaking) is associated with lower intelligence and executive function deficits. Research has not clarified whether these associations differ with the presence of callous-unemotional (CU) traits, particularly within levels of antisocial behavior observed in the community. Method We examined whether antisocial behavior and CU traits were differentially associated with intelligence and executive function metrics in 474 adolescent twins (Mean age = 14.18; SD = 2.20) sampled from birth records to represent youth in the community living in neighborhoods with above average levels of poverty. Intelligence was assessed using standardized scores from the Shipley-2. Executive function was assessed using Go/No-Go and Stop Signal tasks. Results Neither antisocial behavior, nor CU traits alone, were associated with cognitive functioning when accounting for demographic factors. However, antisocial behavior and CU traits interacted to predict reaction time variability. At low levels of CU traits, antisocial behavior was associated with higher reaction time variability (traditionally thought to reflect worse sustained attention). At high levels of CU traits, antisocial behavior was associated with lower reaction time variability (thought to reflect better sustained attention). Conclusion Elevated antisocial behavior and CU traits may be characterized by a distinct neurocognitive profile compared to elevated antisocial behavior in isolation. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
Anurans in a Subarctic Tundra Landscape Near Cape Churchill, Manitoba

Distribution, abundance, and habitat relationships of anurans inhabiting subarctic regions are poorly understood, and anuran monitoring protocols developed for temperate regions may not be applicable across large roadless areas of northern landscapes. In addition, arctic and subarctic regions of North America are predicted to experience changes in climate and, in some areas, are experiencing habitat alteration due to high rates of herbivory by breeding and migrating waterfowl. To better understand subarctic anuran abundance, distribution, and habitat associations, we conducted anuran calling surveys in the Cape Churchill region of Wapusk National Park, Manitoba, Canada, in 2004 and 2005. We conducted surveys along ~1-km transects distributed across three landscape types (coastal tundra, interior sedge meadow–tundra, and boreal forest–tundra interface) to estimate densities and probabilities of detection of Boreal Chorus Frogs ( Pseudacris maculata ) and Wood Frogs ( Lithobates sylvaticus ). We detected a Wood Frog or Boreal Chorus Frog on 22 (87%) of 26 transects surveyed, but probability of detection varied between years and species and among landscape types. Estimated densities of both species increased from the coastal zone inland toward the boreal forest edge. Our results suggest anurans occur across all three landscape types in our study area, but that species-specific spatial patterns exist in their abundances. Considerations for both spatial and temporal variation in abundance and detection probability need to be incorporated into surveys and monitoring programs for subarctic anurans.
Performance Issues in High Performance Transaction Processing Architectures

In this paper, we investigate the issues involved in using multiprocessors for high performance transaction processing applications. We use a simulation model to compare the performance of two different architectures, namely, Shared Everything and Shared Nothing. In Shared Everything, any processor can access any disk and all memory is shared. In Shared Nothing, neither disks nor memory is shared. We study the effects of response time constraints in both of these architectures and compare their performance in the presence of load imbalances. In addition, we study how intra-query parallelism affects the performance of both architectures under different operating conditions.
Posttraumatic Stress and Acute Stress Disorders

In this chapter we discuss the nature, causes, and treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and acute stress disorder (ASD). After characterizing each disorder we focus on the evidence base for various treatment packages. Overall, the data suggest that cognitive behavioral interventions should be considered the treatments of choice for PTSD and ASD. Specific recommendations vary depending on the temporal proximity of the trauma to the patient contact. Immediately following a traumatic event psychological debriefing of all exposed individuals is contraindicated. For those individuals where intervention is indicated prior to meeting criteria for chronic PTSD, brief CBT should be considered. CBT should be considered the standard of care for patients with chronic PTSD. The CBT programs with the largest evidence base to date are the exposure-based treatments. Thus, the major thrust of evidence-based practice should be focused on connecting trauma survivors with CBT practitioners if they continue to experience PTSD symptoms after a period of 3 months. Keywords: posttraumatic stress disorder; acute stress disorder cognitive behavior therapy; psychological debriefing; brief cognitive behavior therapy; exposure
Electrostatic discharge characterization of epitaxial-base silicon-germanium heterojunction bipolar transistors

This paper investigates high-current and electrostatic discharge (ESD) phenomena in pseudomorphic epitaxial-base silicon-germanium (SiGe) heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs) in base-collector, base-emitter, collector-emitter and collector-to-substrate configurations. Transmission line pulse (TLP) and ESD human body model (HBM) wafer-level reliability testing of SiGe HBTs is completed for high-current characterization and evaluation of the ESD robustness of a BiCMOS SiGe technology.
National Corpus of the Russian Language: A Good Example for Minor Languages

Bilingual Education in South America. A.M. de Mejia (ed.). Clevedon: Multilingual Matters Ltd. 2005. Pp. ix+141. ISBN 1-85359-819-43: €29.95
Improved approximation of storage-rate tradeoff for caching via new outer bounds

Caching is a viable solution for alleviating the severe capacity crunch in modern content centric wireless networks. Parts of popular files are pre-stored in users' cache memories such that at times of heavy demand, users can be served locally from their cache content thereby reducing the peak network load. In this work, we consider a central server assisted caching network where files are jointly delivered to users through multicast transmissions. For such a network, we develop a new information theoretic lower bound on the fundamental cache storage vs. transmission rate tradeoff, which strictly improves upon the best known existing bounds. The new bounds are used to establish the approximate storage vs. rate tradeoff of centralized caching to within a constant multiplicative factor of 8.
CASCADE: A Computer-Aided Tool for Low-Energy High-Performance Multi-DSP VLSI System Design

The design of an energy efficient digital signal processing system benefits from trade-offs of system complexity and performance during the algorithmic design and architectural design. CAST methods are useful during these early phases of design exploration. The traditional CAD tools are used in the final implementation phases. CASCADE is a design environment consisting of method banks of CAST and CAD tools. The system modeling and simulation method called OPERAS is described in context with the CASCADE.
Anisotropy and Heterogeneity of Nematic Polymer Nano-Composite Film Properties

Nematic polymer nanocomposites (NPNCs) are comprised of large aspect ratio rod-like or platelet macromolecules in a polymeric matrix. Anisotropy and heterogeneity in the effective properties of NPNC films are predicted in this article. To do so, we combine results on the flow-processing of thin films of nematic suspensions in a planar Couette cell, together with homogenization results for the effective conductivity tensor of spheroidal inclusions in the low volume fraction limit. The orientational probability distribution function (PDF) of the inclusions is the central object of Doi-Hess-Marrucci-Greco theory for flowing nematic polymers. From recent simulations, the PDF for a variety of anisotropic, heterogeneous thin films is applied to the homogenization formula for effective conductivity. The principal values and principal axes of the effective conductivity tensor are thereby generated for various film processing conditions. Dynamic fluctuations in film properties are predicted for the significant parameter regime where the nematic polymer spatial structure is unsteady, even though the processing conditions are steady.
A Comparison of Learning Style Models and ASsessment Instruments for University Graphics Educators

Kolb (2004) and others have defined learning style as a preference by which students learn and remember what they have learned. This presentation will include a summary of learning style research published in the Engineering Design Graphics Journal over the past 15 years on the topic of learning styles and graphics education. The presenters will also examine several learning style models and why they are important to the university graphics professor. Discussion will include a review of some of the learning style tests that are now available on the market. We will discuss how and why higher education student learning has changed in the last decade and introduce the concept of the social construction of technology.
THE IMMUNE RESPONSE TO TYPHOID VACCINE OF PATIENTS WITH IDIOPATHIC MINIMAL LESION NEPHROSIS

The etiology and pathogenesis of minimal lesion nephrosis (MLN) is uncertain. An abnormality of the regulatory function of T cells has been suggested to account for the decreased levels of IgG and increased levels of IgM. To learn more of the function of the immune system on these patients, 26 children with MLN and 12 children with renal disease other than MLN were immunized with dilute typhoid vaccine and the humoral antibody response to both protein (H or flagellar antigen) and polysaccharide (O or somatic) antigens was determined. The antibodies against H and O antigens were determined by quantitative agglutination test. Additionally, the O antibody titers were quantitated by the passive hemagglutination test. None of the 26 patients with MLN produced antibodies in titers of 320 or above against the H antigen, in contrast to 50% of the control subjects. The difference is statistically highly significant at a value of p<0.01. No such differences were noted in the antibody responses to polysaccharide O antigen. Determination of the immunoclass by means of 2-mercaptoethanol reduction indicates that the major portion of both H and O antibodies was of the IgM class. Therefore, it may be concluded that patients with MLN responded less well than control subjects to the typhoid protein H antigen but equally well to corresponding O antigen of S. typhi. These observations support the assumption of an immunologic abnormality of the disease.
Testing for Blood Glucose by Office-Based Physicians in the U.S.

A national sample of 2879 physicians were surveyed to ascertain characteristics of patient visits for diabetes including whether any test had been ordered or provided or a specimen taken to assess the patient9s blood glucose level. Based on survey data, an estimated 21.3 million visits were made for diabetes in 1985. Of these, 16.8 million were for continuing care of diabetes by primary-care physicians, an average of 2.7 visits/yr for the 6.1 million U.S. residents diagnosed as having diabetes. A test for blood glucose was associated with 69% of these visits, an average of 1.9 times/yr per patient with diabetes in the U.S. Rates of testing for blood glucose varied by source of payment for the visit and were higher when diabetes was the primary diagnosis and when the number of physicians practicing together was greater, such as in health maintenance organizations or group practices. Rates of testing did not differ by age, race, or sex of the patient; location of the physician/s practice; whether insulin or oral agents were prescribed; or a number of other characteristics. Other studies indicate that self-monitoring of blood glucose is performed by
Kondo Lattice: Real-Space Renormalization-Group Approach

A one-dimensional analog of the Kondo lattice is studied by a renormalization-group technique. Previous mean-field results are shown to be reasonable: The system under-goes a second-order crossover transition from an antiferromagnetic state to a Kondo-like state at zero temperature as the spin-conduction-electron coupling is increased. Estimates are given for critical exponents and the behavior of correlation functions near the transition.
Small-angle X ray scattering studies on whole bacillus subtilis

Whole and broken Bacillus subtilis bacteria were studied by shall-angle X ray scattering in the region from 3–18 milliradians, to investigate the condition of ribosomes in whole bacteria. The scattering curves for the whole bacteria were of lower intensity than those for the broken bacteria, but most of the difference appears to be due to changes of interparticle interference of protein and ribosomes when the cell contents are diluted upon rupture of the bacteria. Scattering, studies on solutions of ribosomes and bovine plasma albumin mixed together showed similar behavior of the scattering patterns upon dilution.
Social grooming between squirrel monkeys and uakaris in a seminatural environment

Young squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) were reported grooming an adult female uakari (Cacajao calvus rubicundus) on four different occasions. Furthermore, the uakari was noted grooming two squirrel monkeys in separate instances. These observations took place in a seminatural rainforest (The Monkey Jungle; Goulds, Florida, U.S.A.) where provisions are provided. Some possible hypostheses tendered to account for this unusual behavior included (a) the unaverted interaction of food-seeking and fur-cleaning behavior, and (b) the compatibility of play-curiosity activities by squirrel monkeys with the uakaris' need for social contact.
Mechanism of the Auricular Arrhythmias

The four auricular arrhythmias, premature systoles, paroxysmal tachycardia, flutter, and fibrillation, have been investigated in over 200 dogs by three methods: (1) high speed cinematography, (2) cathode-ray oscillography, and (3) multiple-channel electrocardiography. The hitherto unexplored body of the left auricle has been surgically exposed and thoroughly studied. Results indicate that all four arrhythmias are of unitary origin and may occur from one ectopic focus. The resulting arrhythmia depends largely upon the rate of discharge from that focus. There is no circus movement. Corroborative observations have been made on the arrhythmias in man. This conception of the auricular arrhythmias simplifies the understanding of their mechanism.
RENAL TOXICITY OF POLYBRENE, (HEXADIMETHRINE BROMIDE).

Summary A series of 32 dogs were given intravenous Polybrene in dosages of 2 to 20 mg./kg., eight dogs, 2 to 20 mg. protamine, and four dogs, 2 to 5 mg. heparin, and then observed for clinical, laboratory and microscopic evidence of kidney damage for seven days. No evidence of kidney damage was found with Polybrene dosage of 5 mg./kg. or less, up to 20 mg. protamine or up to 5 mg. heparin. Polybrene dosages of 7.5 mg. to 20 mg./kg. produced increasing evidence of renal tubule damage, rising BUN's, oliguria, clinical uremia and death within one week. Polybrene should not be used in dosages in excess of 4 to 5 mg./kg. as a heparin antagonist in human cardiovascular surgery or in doses of 10 mg./kg. or more in dogs.