cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Central Sensitivity Syndromes: Mounting Pathophysiologic Evidence to Link Fibromyalgia with other Common Chronic Pain Disorders

Abstract The aim of this study was to review emerging data from the fields of nursing, rheumatology, dentistry, gastroenterology, gynecology, neurology, and orthopedics that support or dispute pathophysiologic similarities in pain syndromes studied by each specialty. A literature search was performed through PubMed and Ovid using the terms fibromyalgia, temporomandibular joint disorder, irritable bowel syndrome, irritable bladder/interstitial cystitis, headache, chronic low back pain, chronic neck pain, functional syndromes, and somatization. Each term was linked with pathophysiology and/or central sensitization. This paper presents a review of relevant articles with a specific goal of identifying pathophysiologic findings related to nociceptive processing. The extant literature presents considerable overlap in the pathophysiology of these diagnoses. Given the psychosomatic lens through which many of these disorders are viewed, demonstration of evidence-based links supporting shared pathophysiology between these disorders could provide direction to clinicians and researchers working to treat these diagnoses. "Central sensitivity syndromes" denotes an emerging nomenclature that could be embraced by researchers investigating each of these disorders. Moreover, a shared paradigm would be useful in promoting cross-fertilization between researchers. Scientists and clinicians could most effectively forward the understanding and treatment of fibromyalgia and other common chronic pain disorders through an appreciation of their shared pathophysiology.
An experimental setup for measuring the tuning time of an optically pumped frequency reconfigurable antenna system

This paper presents an experimental setup for measuring the tuning time of an optically pumped reconfigurable antenna system. The reconfigurability in the antenna operating frequency is obtained by integrating silicon switches within its structure. The activation of this type of switching elements is obtained by integrating laser diodes with the antenna structure. A prototype antenna is fabricated and used to determine the time needed to tune its operating frequency.
On the fidelity of DNA replication: Use of synthetic oligonucleotide-initiated reactions

Abstract The ΦX174 fidelity system provides a biological assay for quantitating the accuracy of DNA polymerases. Expansion of this system to cell extracts and DNA replication complexes from eucaryotes has been limited by the presence of nucleases in these preparations. We have overcome these limitations by priming the ΦX template with a synthetic oligodeoxynucleotide, with its free 3′-hydroxyl terminus only a short distance from the amber locus that is the site for determining the frequency of misincorporation. In this paper, this modified ΦX system is characterized and compared to that using defined natural DNA restriction fragments as primers. The modified system has been applied to studies on the fidelity of DNA synthesis using different forms of purified DNA polymerase-α from calf thymus, as well as crude extracts from human lymphocytes.
Pilot-scale studies on the effect of bromine addition on the emissions of chlorinated organic combustion by-products

The addition of brominated organic compounds to the feed of a pilot-scale incinerator burning chlorinated waste has been found previously, under some circumstances, to enhance emissions of volatile and semivolatile organic chlorinated products of incomplete combustion (PICs) including polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDDs/Fs). This phenomenon appears to be sensitive to temperature and combustion conditions. This paper reports on a study to evaluate the emissions of organic combustion by-products while varying amounts of bromine (Br) and chlorine (Cl) are being fed into a pilot-scale incinerator burning surrogate waste materials. The surrogate waste was fed at a constant molar halogen input rate, with varying Br/Cl molar ratios. In these tests, an approximately 30% decrease in the total PCDD/F concentrations due to the addition of Br was observed. This decrease appears to be a decrease only in the chlorinated dioxin and furan species; other halogenated dioxins and furans were formed instead. PCDD/F homologue distribution shifted towards the higher chlorinated species. Perhalogenated or nearly perhalogenated mixed bromo-chloro furans were also observed in quantities that could potentially account for the observed decrease in PCDDs/Fs. This research illustrates the need for careful trial burn planning if Br will be present in the facility's feedstock during normal operation.
Natural Convection in Horizontal Fluid-Superposed Porous Layers Heated Locally From Below

University of Minnesota Ph.D. dissertation. December 2010. Major: Mechanical Engineering. Advisor: Francis A. Kulacki. 1 computer file (PDF); xxii, 184 pages, appendices A-D.
Synthesis of 1-methyl-3-β-d-ribofuranosylpyrazolo[4, 3,-D]-pyrimidin-7(6h)-selone and Certain Related Nucleosides and Nucleotides

Abstract 1-Methy1-3-β-D-ribofuranosylpyrazolo[4, 3-d]pyrimidin-7(6H)-selone (6) and the corresponding thione analog (5) have been synthesized for the first time from l-methyl-3-(2, 3, 5-tri-O-acetyl-β-D]-ribo-furanosyl)pyrazolo[4, 3-d]pyrimidin-7(6H)-one (12). Thiation and deace-tylation of 12 gave 5. Compound 6 was prepared from 12 via the chloro intermediate (13) and selenourea followed by deacetylation. A convenient, high yield procedure for the preparation of 1-methylformycin B (4) from 1-methylformycin (7) is described. Phosphorylation of 7 provided 1-methylformycin 5′-phosphate (17). Compounds 6 and 17 were found to be potent inhibitors of growth of L1210 and P388 leukemia.
Cell biology: Stairway to the proteasome.

The study of fast and intricate enzyme reactions requires methods that have the speed and sophistication to match. Such an approach reveals the way in which proteins are tagged with ubiquitin for destruction.
A roller-type positive-feed mechanism for seed metering

The roller-type positive feed seed metering mechanism consists of two rollers with 45° inclined ends assembled on a hexagonal shaft such that the gap width between the rollers can be adjusted. The rollers rotate inside a circular tube fitted below the hopper. Results of a performance study of this mechanism showed that varying the gap between the rollers and the speed of their rotation had a positive effect on the seeding rate for wheat, barley, and lentil. The minimum gap width required was 5 mm for lentil, 6 mm for wheat, and 9.5 mm for barley for effective seed metering. This mechanism gave good control of the seeding rate of wheat and lentil up to the highest setting of 18.5 mm gap width and 1.69 speed ratio. However, the barley seeding rate at the same setting was highly variable. The roller feed mechanism has potential for use on low cost seed drills.
PPARα controls the intracellular coenzyme A concentration via regulation of PANK1α gene expression

Pantothenate kinase (PanK) is thought to catalyze the first rate-limiting step in CoA biosynthesis. The full-length cDNA encoding the human PanK1α protein was isolated, and the complete human PANK1 gene structure was determined. Bezafibrate (BF), a hypolipidemic drug and a peroxisome proliferator activator receptor-α (PPARα) agonist, specifically increased hPANK1α mRNA expression in human hepatoblastoma (HepG2) cells as a function of time and dose of the drug, compared with hPANK1β, hPANK2, and hPANK3, which did not significantly increase. Four putative PPARα response elements were identified in the PANKIα promoter, and BF stimulated hPANK1α promoter activity but did not alter the mRNA half-life. Increased hPANK1α mRNA resulted in higher hPanK1 protein, localized in the cytoplasm, and elevated PanK enzyme activity. The enhanced hPANK1α gene expression translated into increased activity of the CoA biosynthetic pathway and established a higher steady-state CoA level in HepG2 cells. These data are consistent with a key role for PanK1α in the control of cellular CoA content and point to the PPARα transcription factor as a major factor governing hepatic CoA levels by specific modulation of PANK1α gene expression.
Survey of Marine Contamination from Mining-Related Activities on Marinduque Island, Philippines: Porewater Toxicity and Chemistry

Pore waters were collected for toxicological and chemical analyses at several stations on the coast of Marinduque, near the mouths of the Boac and Mogpog rivers, and near the causeways formed by mine tailings disposal. Porewater samples were also collected at the Tres Reyes Marine Reserve, so that these non-contaminated samples could serve as a reference for test performance. Sea urchin embryological development and fertilization were only significantly impaired by two porewater samples, suggesting the presence of contaminants in toxic amounts at those stations. The toxic samples were collected near the up current side of the Calancan (Marcopper) mine tailings causeway (stations 2 and 3). The pore water from station 2 also had the highest levels of heavy metals, particularly cadmium, cobalt, copper, nickel, lead and zinc. The concentrations of cobalt, nickel and zinc were also elevated at station 3. Copper concentrations were also elevated at the two river mouth stations (8 and 9) and near the CMI tailing...
Death Rounds: end-of-life discussions among medical residents in the intensive care unit

Abstract Purpose We introduced “Death Rounds,” a monthly discussion of the issues and emotions surrounding the care of dying patients, into the intensive care unit (ICU) rotations for medical house staff. We surveyed participating residents to evaluate their satisfaction with these discussions. Subjects and Methods Death Rounds occurred at university-based teaching hospitals in Seattle, Washington and Salt Lake City, Utah, between October 2000 and March 2002. Residents who had attended Death Rounds were surveyed in April 2002. Results A 10-item survey was distributed by e-mail to 116 residents in Utah and Washington. Of 116 residents, 97 (84%) responded to the survey; 50 of these 97 had attended at least one Death Rounds. Of these 50, the majority reported that Death Rounds were worthwhile (76%) and that sessions should be incorporated into all ICU rotations (76%). Conclusions Death Rounds provide a unique opportunity for residents to discuss the issues raised in caring for dying patients. This conference can be easily incorporated into the ICU curriculum. Most residents who participated in the survey indicated that they valued Death Rounds and believed that it should be included in all ICU rotations.
Iron Oxide Enhanced MR Imaging of the Liver and Spleen: Review of the First Five Years

Superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) particles are a potent new class of MR contrast agents affording improved detection of hepatic and splenic neoplasms. In this report we reivew the development of this agent through preclinical studies and early clinical results at Massachusetts General Hospital during a 5 year investigation. SPIO particles are sequestered by normal reticuloendothelial system (RES) phagocytic Kupffer cells but are not retained in tumor tissue. Consequently, there is a five fold increase in T2 relaxation between normal RES tissue and tumor with a comparable advantage in quantitative signal to noise ratio, contrast to noise ratio and lesion detectibility in the liver and spleen at MR imaging. Increased lesion conspicuity can be exploited to decrease threshold size for lesion detection to <3mm. Clinically beneficial effects occur with a variety of mildly T2-weighted spin-echo pulse sequences; gradient-echo techniques show even greater benefit after administration of SPIO. Metabolically, pharmaceutical grade preparations are biodegradable and bioavailable, being rapidly turned over into body iron stores and incorporated into erythrocyte hemoglobin. Early dose escalation clinical trials have identified a probable clinical dose range of 10-20μmol Fe/kg body weight. SPIO compounds evaluated to date are still investi-gational in the United States. Newer commercial formulations currently being evaluated may extend clinical safety margins.
Functional analysis of point mutations in human flap endonuclease-1 active site

Human flap endonuclease-1 (hFEN-1) is highly homologous to human XPG, Saccharomyces cerevisiae RAD2 and S.cerevisiae RTH1 and shares structural and functional similarity with viral exonucleases such as T4 RNase H, T5 exonuclease and prokaryotic DNA polymerase 5'nucleases. Sequence alignment of 18 structure-specific nucleases revealed two conserved nuclease domains with seven conserved carboxyl residues and one positively charged residue. In a previous report, we showed that removal of the side chain of each individual acidic residue results in complete loss of flap endonuclease activity. Here we report a detailed analysis of substrate cleavage and binding of these mutant enzymes as well as of an additional site-directed mutation of a conserved acidic residue (E160). We found that the active mutant (R103A) has substrate binding and cleavage activity indistinguishable from the wild type enzyme. Of the inactive mutants, one (D181A) has substrate binding properties comparable to the wild type, while three others (D34A, D86A and E160A) bind with lower apparent affinity (2-, 9- and 18-fold reduced, respectively). The other mutants (D158A, D179A and D233A) have no detectable binding activity. We interpret the structural implications of these findings using the crystal structures of related enzymes with the flap endonuclease activity and propose that there are two metal ions (Mg2+or Mn2+) in hFEN enzyme. These two metal coordinated active sites are distinguishable but interrelated. One metal site is directly involved in nucleophile attack to the substrate phosphodiester bonds while the other may stabilize the structure for the DNA substrate binding. These two sites may be relatively close since some of carboxyl residues can serve as ligands for both sites.
Sattvāvajaya, Psychology, and Ritual Possession in India

Caraka Sahitā states that Sattvāvajaya is one of the three primary categories of cikitsā or treatment (cf. Car. Sūtrasthāna 11.54, Car. Vimānasthāna 8.87; also Astāngasagraha-sūtrasthāna 12.3). This term has never been adequately explained, in spite of reasonable definitions in these texts. The other two categories of cikitsā, namely yuktivyapāśraya-cikitsā, rational therapy, and daivavyapāśraya-cikitsā, spiritual therapy involving mantra recitation, fire ritual, and other explicit religious practices, have been explored at great length. Caraka (Sūtrasthāna) 11.54 defines Sattvāvajaya as “the repeated restraining of the mind from harmful objects“ (sattvāvajaya punar ahitebhyo 'rthebhyo manonigraha). What does this mean? Although I mentioned this in my 2006 book (The Self Possessed: Deity and Spirit Possession in South Asian Literature and Civilization), I also avoided this term as best I could. Now, after rethinking it, I believe I can determine its meaning. Because the Sanskrit commentaries are all but silent on this topic, I have been forced to resolve this only with the help of examination of recent and contemporary practice of spirit healing in India. In this paper, I will provide a textual analysis of this elusive term and provide supporting evidence from modern healing sites, particularly the increasingly well-known temple in Rajasthan called Balaji.
Genetically Encoded Fluorescent Voltage Indicators (GEVIs) in the Mammalian Brain

GEVIs (Siegel and Isacoff, 1997) got off to a slow start. For 10 years they didn’t express in mammalian cells. The Knopfel laboratory succeeded by using the sea squirt (Ciona) voltage sensitive domain. Then, progress. Article not available.
Agglomeration of copper sulfate pentahydrate crystals within well-mixed crystallizers

Abstract Agglomeration of copper sulfate pentahydrate crystals was observed in continuous, semi-batch and batch crystallizers. The supersaturations prevailing at the time of nucleation and subsequent growth were found to be the most important process variables in determining the percentage of resulting particles that were agglomerates. Desupersaturation in batch crystallization was so rapid that few agglomerates were formed. Simple models of the crystal size distribution are ineffective in predicting the percentage agglomerates because of difficulties in separating anomalous crystal growth—which may be caused by size-dependency, growth rate dispersion, or reductions in active growth area—from the phenomenon of agglomeration.
Should everyone learn anything?: The question of computer literacy

In developing a new area of knowledge, one of the most difficult problems is working out a framework in terms of which to define the area. The emerging subject of “computer literacy” is a case in point. What should colleges and universities teach about computers? And to whom? Rather than beginning with such “computer literacy” issues themselves, we start with the more basic question of how educators make any decisions about the appropriate content and audience of higher education. The question of teleology in higher education is examined in terms of four conceptual categories: acculturation economic considerations, social mechanisms, and mental discipline. These four categories offer one plausible framework for crafting rational procedures for deciding what to teach college students about computers.
Evaluating hydrology preservation of simplified terrain representations

We present an error metric based on the potential energy of water flow to evaluate the quality of lossy terrain simplification algorithms. Typically, terrain compression algorithms seek to minimize RMS (root mean square) and maximum error. These metrics fail to capture whether a reconstructed terrain preserves the drainage network. A quantitative measurement of how accurately a drainage network captures the hydrology is important for determining the effectiveness of a terrain simplification technique. Having a measurement for testing and comparing different models has the potential to be widely used in numerous applications (flood prevention, erosion measurement, pollutant propagation, etc). In this paper, we transfer the drainage network computed on reconstructed geometry onto the original uncompressed terrain and use our error metric to measure the level of error created by the simplification. We also present a novel terrain simplification algorithm based on the compression of hydrology features. This method and other terrain compression schemes are then compared using our new metric.
Pramipexole in psychiatry: a systematic review of the literature.

Objective To assess the risks and benefits of pramipexole in psychiatric populations. Data sources A PubMed search was performed using the keywords pramipexole and ropinirole, which identified 500 articles. Study selection All clinical studies in psychiatric populations were included in the primary review (24 articles). Studies involving other populations were then reviewed to evaluate potential risks and benefits not identified in the psychiatric studies. Data extraction Effect sizes were calculated from controlled studies. Rates of intolerable side effects and manic switching were estimated by pooled analysis of controlled and uncontrolled studies. Data synthesis Pramipexole has a large effect size (0.6-1.1) in the treatment of both bipolar and unipolar depression with a low short-term rate of manic switching in bipolar patients (1% mania, 5% hypomania). The pooled discontinuation rate for all reasons was 9%. Pramipexole is neuroprotective and exerts beneficial effects on sleep architecture. Pramipexole is associated with 3 rare but serious side effects: sleep attacks, which have only occurred in Parkinson's disease; compulsive behaviors and pathologic gambling, which have occurred in Parkinson's disease and restless legs syndrome; and psychosis, which has occurred in both psychiatric and neurologic populations. Conclusions Pramipexole is an important therapeutic option for treatment-resistant bipolar and unipolar depression; further studies are warranted to evaluate its safety in psychiatric patients.
The Amino-terminal Domain of Heat Shock Protein 90 (hsp90) That Binds Geldanamycin Is an ATP/ADP Switch Domain That Regulates hsp90 Conformation

Many functions of the chaperone, heat shock protein 90 (hsp90), are inhibited by the drug geldanamycin that specifically binds hsp90. We have studied an amino-terminal domain of hsp90 whose crystal structure has recently been solved and determined to contain a geldanamycin-binding site. We demonstrate that, in solution, drug binding is exclusive to this domain. This domain also binds ATP linked to Sepharose through the γ-phosphate. Binding is specific for ATP and ADP and is inhibited by geldanamycin. Mutation of four glycine residues within two proposed ATP binding motifs diminishes both geldanamycin binding and the ATP-dependent conversion of hsp90 to a conformation capable of binding the co-chaperone p23. Since p23 binding requires regions outside the 1–221 domain of hsp90, these results indicate a common site for nucleotides and geldanamycin that regulates the conformation of other hsp90 domains.
Multiplet coupling and the calculation of synthetic long-period seismograms

Summary. This paper describes a method of incorporating the effects of weak quasi-degenerate multiplet coupling into synthetic long-period seismogram calculations on a rotating, aspherical, anelastic earth. In the isolated multiplet approximation, the contribution of every multiplet .Sl or .Tr to a seismogram is of the form so(t) = Re c&*[R; * exp (iHoo t) * So] exp (hot), where Hoo is the (21 -I- 1) x (2l -t- 1) matrix whose eigenvalues are the split singlet eigenfrequency perturbations, and So and Ro are 21 c 1 -dimensional column vectors that depend respectively on the location and moment tensor of the source and the location and polarization of the receiver. The contribution of each hybrid multiplet, when coupling is considered, is of the same form, namely so(t) = Re mi2 [kg - exp(ifioot) so] exp (hot). where the quantities Hoo , so and Ro can be expressed as perturbation expansions about Hoo, So and Ro. Both off-path scattering and mode conversion of the equivalent propagating waves are accounted for in this perturbative hybrid multiplet summation method, and it is applicable to rough as well as smooth models of the Earth’s lateral heterogeneity. Furthermore, it removes the secularity from the Born approximation coupling theory of Woodhouse & Tanimoto, and renders it uniformly valid for all times of seismological interest.
An oral tactile interface for blind navigation

An oral tactile interface was designed and evaluated to provide directional cues through the tactile channel, which may be utilized by a blind traveler to obtain directional guidance in outdoor navigation. The device was implemented as a mouthpiece with a microfabricated electrotactile display on top for tactile presentation onto the roof of the mouth and a tongue touch keypad at the bottom for simultaneous operation by the tongue. An experimental system allowed a user to communicate with a computer tactilely by using the oral interface. Directional cues were presented to the user as line or arrow patterns with four moving directions (leftward, rightward, forward, and backward). Electrotactile presentation on the roof of the mouth was evaluated in experiments of threshold measurement and identification of directional cues. Experimental results from six human subjects showed that the roof of the mouth required stimulation intensities around 15 V for threshold sensation, and around 25-30 V for comfortable and well-perceived stimulation. Furthermore, identification of leftward or rightward movements was highly accurate while performance on forward or backward moving patterns was mixed and varied considerably among subjects.
Successful Inclusion of Children with Asperger Syndrome in Primary School: Parental Voices

The quality of the overall primary school experience for students diagnosed with Asperger Syndrome (AS) and other learning disabilities may be typically challenging and stressful on a number of fronts, particularly the successful negotiation of the social curriculum. The term 'inclusion' is defined as a process taking into consideration features such as welcoming diversity, promotion of teacher consistency and collaboration, and the provision of learning opportunities and experiences to match the needs of the child. This paper provides parents of children diagnosed with AS a voice to speak about their own experiences and perspectives of how inclusive the primary school system was in meeting their childâ€™s needs. Based on parental experiences working with their child and primary School staff, a number of strategies and recommendations are put forward to empower new parents of children diagnosed with AS and teachers on how to improve the quality of the childâ€™s primary school experiences. Through the use of a questionnaire and semi-structured interviews, 12 parents participated in the â€œLooking Back to Work Forwardâ€ research and their data analysed initially using the Leximancer Version 2.25 (2001) qualitative software. A thematic analysis was undertaken using Brunerâ€™s (1990) concept of generative themes that revealed key topics shared by the participants, including bullying, the importance of community and social supports, and parental involvement with schools. The paper puts forward strategies and recommendations to teachers, education staff and parents on how to improve the process of inclusion for students with AS, and for those students who exhibit similar difficulties at school.
Unions’ Responses to Family Concerns

In analyzing labor unions' responses to family concerns, this paper makes three arguments. First, analyses of unions force us to shift our perspective. Many union officials insist that work-family issues should include not only what have become the conventional benefits in the work-family literature (like family leave, childcare, and alternative work schedules), but also health benefits, vacation time, and a broad range of issues that are usually excluded from such analyses. By reinvigorating the class component, this change in focus shifts our understanding not only of what policies should be included, but also whom the policies can and do serve. Second, unionization cannot be treated as a dichotomy, but rather requires a more nuanced analysis. Our interviews revealed striking differences among unions, with regard to the more conventional work-family benefits, including flextime, childcare and the FMLA. Finally, we argue that not only cultural factors (like member expectations), but also structural factors, including the gender of the membership and leadership, as well as union strength, help explain why such variation among unions exists.
ANTEGRADE PYELOGRAPHY BEFORE PYELOPLASTY VIA DORSAL LUMBAR INCISION

AbstractPurpose: The need for contrast imaging of the ureter before routine pediatric pyeloplasty is controversial. We evaluated the use of antegrade pyelography for upper tract imaging before pyeloplasty via dorsal lumbar incision.Materials and Methods: The records of all patients who underwent pyeloplasty from April 1994 through April 1998 at our institution were reviewed. The findings and outcome of patients with presumed ureteropelvic junction obstruction in whom antegrade pyelography was performed under the same anesthetic were assessed, and those in whom this procedure changed the planned operative approach were identified.Results: Antegrade pyelography was performed without complication in 72 patients before planned pyeloplasty and 2 attempts were unsuccessful. In 10 cases (14%) plans for dorsal lumbar incision were abandoned based on findings of renal malrotation in 3, ureteral stricture in 2, ureterovesical junction obstruction in 2, unusually low or high position of the ureteropelvic junction in...
Changing Attitudes Toward the Homeless: The Effects of Prosocial Communication With the Homeless

One hundred, thirty-four undergraduate students participated in a field experiment designed to examine the effects of extended, prosocial communication with homeless persons, upon attitudes toward the homeless problem, of behavioral intentions towards the homeless, and of causal attributions about homelessness. It was expected that prosocial interaction with the homeless would produce shifts in attitudes and behavioral intentions toward the homeless and homelessness and result in greater attributions of external causes to explain homelessness. Nineteen experimental participants worked 15 hours at a local homeless shelter. Their responses to a posttest questionnaire that measured a range of attitudinal and behavioral orientations toward the homeless were compared with control participants who did not work at the shelter. Subsequent analyses furnished strong evidence of positive changes in attitudes and intentions toward homelessness among the shelter workers. These participants evaluated homeless people as less blameworthy and more socially attractive than did control participants; moreover, shelter workers indicated more personal responsibility and behavioral commitment to helping the homeless than control participants. They also perceived the homeless problem to be more serious and were more likely to attribute homelessness to bad luck than control participants. However, the two groups were equally likely to attribute homelessness to various external causes such as the economy, housing costs, and governmental policies. The results are interpreted as having policy implications for volunteer service.
Angular Routing Protocol for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

We present angular routing protocol (ARP) for mobile ad-hoc networks. ARP is a new position-based routing protocol that uses an improved geographic forwarding route packets as and when possible. If the geographic forwarding fails, it uses an angle-based forwarding scheme to circumvent voids in sparser networks. ARP does not require a routing table nor does it require nodes to establish/maintain routes. Each node maintains a one-hop neighbor table using an adaptive beaconing protocol. Nodes forward packets to the destination solely based on the neighbor table. To evaluate the performance of our protocol we simulated ARP in GloMoSim. Our simulation study shows that our protocol achieves high packet delivery rate while incurring low overhead compared to greedy perimeter stateless routing (GPSR)
Excitation of central neurons by dieldrin and picrotoxinin in susceptible and resistant Drosophila melanogaster (meigen)

Neurophysiological studies were used to characterize the resistance mechanism in a new cyclodiene-resistant strain of Drosophila melanogaster. Suction electrode recordings were taken from the peripheral nerves of transected larval central nervous system. Treatment of nerve preparations with 1 mM GABA reduced the spontaneous firing of peripheral nerves. This inhibition was effectively reversed within 10 min by exposing preparations from susceptible insects (Oregon-R wild type) to 10 μM dieldrin. In contrast, 30 min incubations with 10 μM dieldrin had no effect on preparations from resistant individuals. At 10 μM, picrotoxinin was also effective in antagonizing the action of GABA in susceptible nerve preparations. In recordings from resistant insects (n = 3), picrotoxinin displayed either no antagonism of GABA-dependent inhibition, weak antagonism of GABA, or hyperexcitation indistinguishable from those of susceptible preparations. These results demonstrate that cyclodiene resistance in the Maryland strain of D. melanogaster is present at the level of the nerve, and that the resistance extends to picrotoxinin, albeit at a reduced level. The possible role of an altered GABA receptor in this resistance is discussed.
Do Tax-Exempt Investors Mitigate the Dividend Tax Penalty?

We investigate the effect of shareholder taxes on expected stock returns using a model that characterizes both the optimal portfolios of taxable and tax-exempt investors and the expected rates of return on risky stocks. When all income is taxed at the same effective rate, each investor's ownership in each risky stock depends only on that investor's relative tolerance for risk. Taxes induce taxable investors to hold more of the tax-favored stock, but risk-sharing considerations induce each investor to hold some stock unless the riskiness of the stock is sufficiently low. There is no "marginal investor" in this case. Each stock's expected return reflects a "dividend tax penalty," but the dividend tax penalty is not mitigated by the fraction of shares held by the tax-exempt investors. Although the presence of the tax-exempt investors in the market does mitigate the dividend penalty for the market as a whole, this effect is identical for all firms held by both taxable and tax-exempt investors and does not vary with the fraction of shares held by the tax-exempt investors.
Calicivirus 3C-Like Proteinase Inhibits Cellular Translation by Cleavage of Poly(A)-Binding Protein

Caliciviruses are single-stranded RNA viruses that cause a wide range of diseases in both humans and animals, but little is known about the regulation of cellular translation during infection. We used two distinct calicivirus strains, MD145-12 (genus Norovirus) and feline calicivirus (FCV) (genus Vesivirus), to investigate potential strategies used by the caliciviruses to inhibit cellular translation. Recombinant 3C-like proteinases (r3CL pro ) from norovirus and FCV were found to cleave poly(A)-binding protein (PABP) in the absence of other viral proteins. The norovirus r3CL pro PABP cleavage products were indistinguishable from those generated by poliovirus (PV) 3C pro cleavage, while the FCV r3CL pro products differed due to cleavage at an alternate cleavage site 24 amino acids downstream of one of the PV 3C pro cleavage sites. All cleavages by calicivirus or PV proteases separated the C-terminal domain of PABP that binds translation factors eIF4B and eRF3 from the N-terminal RNA-binding domain of PABP. The effect of PABP cleavage by the norovirus r3CL pro was analyzed in HeLa cell translation extracts, and the presence of r3CL pro inhibited translation of both endogenous and exogenous mRNAs. Translation inhibition was poly(A) dependent, and replenishment of the extracts with PABP restored translation. Analysis of FCV-infected feline kidney cells showed that the levels of de novo cellular protein synthesis decreased over time as virus-specific proteins accumulated, and cleavage of PABP occurred in virus-infected cells. Our data indicate that the calicivirus 3CL pro , like PV 3C pro , mediates the cleavage of PABP as part of its strategy to inhibit cellular translation. PABP cleavage may be a common mechanism among certain virus families to manipulate cellular translation. The family Caliciviridae is comprised of four genera: Vesivirus (including feline calicivirus [FCV]), Lagovirus (including rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus [RHDV]), Norovirus (including Norwalk virus and MD145-12), and Sapovirus (including Sapporo virus and porcine enteric calicivirus [PEC]) (21). They are single-stranded, positive-sense RNA viruses that share evolutionary relatedness with the picornaviruses. The major caliciviruses associated with human disease belong to the genus Norovirus. The noroviruses (designated here as NoV) are responsible for the majority of food- and waterborne outbreaks of viral gastroenteritis worldwide (15, 26), but the development of control strategies for NoV disease has been complicated by the absence of tissue culture systems to study replication (23). Analysis of calicivirus proteins in comparative studies with the picornaviruses might yield insight into their functions during viral replication and facilitate the development of treatment strategies for calicivirus-associated diseases. In this study, we investigated possible strategies that calici
Being the “Go-To Guy”: Fatherhood, Masculinity, and the Organization of Work in Silicon Valley

Based upon in-depth interviews with fathers who are employed as knowledge workers in Silicon Valley, this article argues that a newly constituted masculinity has emerged that coincides with the new way work is organized in the new economy. The article examines the relationship among this gendered subjectivity, processes of labor control, and fathering. It finds that the new masculinity functions as a key mechanism of control in high-tech workplaces that rely on identity-based forms of control and that the enactment of this new masculinity impacts the way fathers think about, experience, and manage their work and family lives.
Data warehouse for EIS: some issues and impacts

The data warehouse is one of the most rapidly growing areas in management information systems. With this approach, data for EIS and DSS applications is separated from operational data and stored in a separate database called a data warehouse. Some of the advantages of this approach are improved performance, better data quality, and the ability to consolidate and summarize data from heterogeneous legacy systems. A data warehouse is part of a larger infrastructure that includes legacy data sources, external data sources, a repository, data acquisition software, and user interface and related analytical tools. A powerful form of data analysis, called multidimensional data analysis, is often performed by users of a data warehouse. Data warehouses can be organized into two-tier or three-tier client/server systems. Despite the complexity of the data warehouse environment little academic research has been performed in this area. This paper identifies a number of issues that arise in the context of developing and using a data warehouse. It develops a proposed research model to determine the impact of factors such as organizational factors, warehouse infrastructure, and management support on user satisfaction and development characteristics of a data warehouse.
SEROTONIN AND DOPAMINE METABOLITES IN BRAIN REGIONS AND CEREBROSPINAL FLUID OF A PRIMATE SPECIES: EFFECTS OF KETAMINE AND FLUPHENAZINE

— The concentration of dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT) metabolites in brain regions was not altered by doses of ketamine (10mg/kg) which induced dissociative anesthesia in a primate species. Cercopithecus aethiops. Fluphenazine (1.0mg/kg) increased homovanillic acid (HVA) content in all brain regions examined. An increase in HVA and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) concentration was observed in cisternal CSF 4 h after ketamine without a concomitant change in the brain concentration of these metabolites.
Unsteady Flow Field due to Nozzle Wake Interaction With the Rotor in an Axial Flow Turbine: Part II — Rotor Exit Flow Field

The two-dimensional steady and unsteady flow field at midspan in a turbine rotor has been investigated experimentally using an LDV with an emphasis on the interaction of the nozzle wake with the rotor flow field. The velocity measurements are decomposed into a time-averaged velocity, a periodic velocity component and an unresolved velocity component. The results in the rotor passage were presented in Part I. The flow field downstream of the rotor is presented in this paper.The rotor wake profiles and their decay characteristics were analyzed. Correlations are presented which match the decay of the various wake properties. The rotor wake velocity defect decays rapidly in the trailing edge region, becoming less rapid in the near and far wake regions. The rotor wake semi-wake width increases rapidly in the trailing edge region and then grows more gradually in the near and far wake regions. The decay of the maximum unresolved unsteadiness and maximum unresolved velocity cross correlations are very rapid in the trailing edge region and this trend slows in the far wake region. In the trailing edge region, the maximum periodic velocity correlations are much larger than the maximum unresolved velocity correlations. But the periodic velocity correlations decay much faster than the unresolved velocity correlations. The interaction of the nozzle and rotor wakes are also studied. While the interaction of the nozzle wake with the rotor wake does not influence the decay rate of the various wake properties, it does change the magnitude of the properties. These and other results will be presented in this paper.Copyright © 1995 by ASME
Orthographic Structure, the Graphemic Buffer and the Spelling Process

The notion of representation plays a fundamental role in information processing theories of the functioning of the brain. Theories of this type attempt to characterize cognitive abilities in terms of the sorts of representations that are computed in the course of intelligent behavior (e.g., reading). The flow of information through the cognitive system may be represented as I → R1 → R2 → R3 … → Rn → O, where I and O stand for input and output, respectively, R stands for representation, and ‘→’ stands for some type of process that transforms Ri into Ri+1 (or, alternatively, computes Ri+1 from Ri). The core claim in this theoretical framework is that a cognitive process may be thought of as a set of operations carried out over different types of representations. Nontrivial theoretical claims in this framework require that we specify in some detail the structure of the hypothesized representations and the nature of the operations that are applied to these representations in the course of processing.
Intraoperative endoscopic treatment of Mirizzi syndrome in a pediatric patient

Abstract Mirizzi syndrome occurs when an impacted gallstone, together with an associated inflammatory response, causes external obstruction of the common hepatic duct or common bile duct. Patients classically present with obstructive jaundice, right upper quadrant pain, and sometimes with fever. Mirizzi syndrome is a rare presentation of complicated gallstone disease and is even more rare in the pediatric population. However, as the number of obese pediatric patients increases, so does the incidence of gallstone-related disease. We present a case of Mirizzi syndrome treated by open cholecystectomy and cystic duct stone extraction in a pediatric patient. Recognition and awareness of Mirizzi syndrome is important, even in the pediatric population, to aid in safe operative intervention and to avoid intraoperative bile duct injury.
Vibrational spectroscopy and imaging for concurrent cellular trafficking of co-localized doxorubicin and deuterated phospholipid vesicles

Simultaneous tracking of nanoparticles and encapsulated payload is of great importance and visualizing their activity is arduous. Here we use vibrational spectroscopy to study the in vitro tracking of co-localized lipid nanoparticles and encapsulated drug employing a model system derived from doxorubicin-encapsulated deuterated phospholipid (dodecyl phosphocholine-d38) single tailed phospholipid vesicles.
The effect of entrance conditions on an expanding arcjet flow

Flow development with various entrance conditions in a conical arcjet nozzle is simulated for a test gas consisting of nitrogen and argon. Simulations with uniform nozzle entrance conditions are performed and nozzle exit centerline conditions are compared with available experimental data. Simulations with entrance conditions consisting of a hot core and cooler annulus are then performed, and it is found that the non-uniformity persists through the nozzle, affecting the exit centerline temperature and velocity. Pitot pressure and heat transfer profiles determined horn simulated exit conditions are used to evaluate the effectiveness of pitot pressure and calorimeter measurements in determining the extent of flow uniformity. It is found that heat transfer measurements are far superior to pitot pressure measurements in assessing flow uniformity.
An Introduction to Matroid Optimization

The theory of matroids has provided a significant extension of network flow theory and has greatly enlarged the class of problems which can be solved in a polynomial-bounded number of computational steps. We provide a very brief sketch of matroid optimization techniques, and refer the reader to the forthcoming book of the author for more elaboration.
THE SEALING HYDROCARBONS AND SLUICING ACTION OF AOGULA FAULT IN SONGLIAO BASIN

Aogula fault is the direction that oil and gas in Qijia Gulsng depression migrate forward for west, and the fault strike and the migration direction of oil and gas meet at right angles. The fault faults from basemet to Quaternary system, and has the feature of contemporaneous and normal fault. The lateral seal of the fault is studied with calculating the seal ratio, it is medium in Yaojia group and Quantou group, fairly good in Nenjiang group and Qingshankou group. The vertical seal of the fault is studied with calculating the section pressure, it is poor in shallow and good in deep. It is found that the degree of mineralization and metamorphic coefficient and conversion potential of formation water, the fault is zone of sluicing of atmospheric infiltration water flowing from basin west margin to east (centripetal flow) and sedimentary compaction water flowing from Qija Gulong depression to west (centrifugal flow). The fault is a fault that is seal for hydrocarbons and is not seal for water. The mechanism of sealing for hydrocarbon and nonsealing for water is capillarity. Because of the effect sealing for hydrocarbon and nosealing for water, Aogula fault has hindered for hydrocarbon to migrate eontinue from east to west.
Transendothelial migration of neonatal and adult bovine neutrophils in vitro.

We have compared and quantitated transendothelial migration of neonatal neutrophils (N-PMNs) and adult bovine peripheral-blood PMNs (A-PMNs) in vitro using monolayers of endothelium and a two-chamber apparatus. Bovine aortic endothelial cells were cultured to confluence on polycarbonate filters perforated with 3.0-micron-diameter pores. 51Cr-labeled PMNs were added to the upper chamber, with or without an anti-CD18 antibody (monoclonal antibody 60.3). Chemotactic stimuli in the lower chambers included recombinant human interleukin-8 (rhIL-8; 75 ng/ml), rhC5a (10(-7) M), and zymosan-activated bovine serum (ZAS; 10%). At 60 min incubation with rhIL-8, greater numbers (P .05) at all time points when using rhC5a and ZAS as stimuli. Anti-CD18 monoclonal antibody significantly decreased migration (P < .01) of both N-PMNs and A-PMNs to low levels when IL-8 and ZAS were used as stimuli. Because leukocyte integrin expression on PMNs affects transendothelial migration, we also compared surface expression of CD18, CD11a, and CD11c on PMNs from the two age groups. We found no significant quantitative differences in integrin expression between PMNs from the two age groups, regardless of whether the PMNs were incubated with buffer alone or with chemotaxins (rhIL-8, rhC5a, ZAS).