cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Measuring Preventable Harm: Helping Science Keep Pace With Policy

FOUR YEARS AFTER SORREL KING’S DAUGHTER, JOSIE, DIED from preventable medical errors in 2001, King asked us if her daughter would be less likely to die today. We answered by describing the myriad safety programs in hospitals. She abruptly cut us off. King was not interested in what we were doing. She wanted evidence that Josie and other patients were less likely to be harmed by medical care today, but we could not give her this evidence. A decade after the To Err Is Human report, the global health care community still struggles to state definitively whether patients are safer. Despite rhetoric and work to improve safety, sufficient effort to rigorously evaluate patients has not happened. The general public, US Congress, and health care payers demand public accountability and safer outcomes. Given the desire to measure safety outcomes, why has it been so challenging? The main barrier has been poor investment in the basic science of patient safety. Basic science would allow better understanding of the causes of harm, help in designing and pilot testing interventions to reduce harm, and then robustly evaluate the effects of harm. Great feats such as the sequencing of the human genome and the observation of the blood flow and cell function in the brain have been accomplished. Surely measures of patient safety can be developed. Most investment and interest in patient safety has been reactive and politically motivated to address egregious, although relatively rare, examples of preventable harm, such as operating on the wrong body part. Other types of preventable harm are more common yet more nuanced. Yet, a dollar is spent on basic and clinical research for every penny spent to ensure patient safety. Without a strong science base, valid and transparent measurement, leadership and accountability, and tenacious political visibility, well-intentioned health systems will continue their struggle to improve patient safety. Most expenditure for patient safety will be neither effective nor efficient. Central to making progress is the ability to distinguish preventable harm from inevitable harm. In this Commentary, we review strategies to make this distinction, discuss several risks with alternative approaches, and offer suggestions for progress in answering—are patients safer?
Demonstration of Hadoop-GIS: a spatial data warehousing system over MapReduce

The proliferation of GPS-enabled devices, and the rapid improvement of scientific instruments have resulted in massive amounts of spatial data in the last decade. Support of high performance spatial queries on large volumes data has become increasingly important in numerous fields, which requires a scalable and efficient spatial data warehousing solution as existing approaches exhibit scalability limitations and efficiency bottlenecks for large scale spatial applications. In this demonstration, we present Hadoop-GIS -- a scalable and high performance spatial query system over MapReduce. Hadoop-GIS provides an efficient spatial query engine to process spatial queries, data and space based partitioning, and query pipelines that parallelize queries implicitly on MapReduce. Hadoop-GIS also provides an expressive, SQL-like spatial query language for work-load specification. We will demonstrate how spatial queries are expressed in spatially extended SQL queries, and submitted through a command line/web interface for execution. Parallel to our system demonstration, we explain the system architecture and details on how queries are translated to MapReduce operators, optimized, and executed on Hadoop. In addition, we will showcase how the system can be used to support two representative real world use cases: large scale pathology analytical imaging, and geo-spatial data warehousing.
Partial link between the seasonal acquisition of cold-tolerance and desiccation resistance in the goldenrod gall fly Eurosta solidaginis(Diptera: Tephritidae)

SUMMARY Possible links between seasonal increases in cold-tolerance and desiccation resistance were examined in field-collected larvae of the goldenrod gall fly, Eurosta solidaginis . From 20 September to 30 October 2001, larvae exhibited a gradual increase in cold-tolerance culminating in 100% survival of freezing at –20°C for 24 h. The increase in cold-tolerance was probably due to a concomitant increase in cryoprotectants as measured by hemolymph osmolality (488–695 mOsmol kg –1 ). In contrast to the gradual increase in cold-tolerance, larvae exhibited two distinct phases of reduced rates of water loss. The first phase was an abrupt sixfold decrease to 0.57 μg mm –2 h –1 between 3 and 16 October. The first phase of reduced rates of water loss was not correlated with changes in cold-tolerance; nor was it correlated with hemolymph osmolality and body water content, which remained constant throughout the study. The reduction in rates of water loss during the first phase were probably the result of decreased respiratory water loss as the larvae entered diapause, and possibly reduced cuticular water loss as larvae increased the amount of their cuticular hydrocarbons. Interestingly, the first phase of reduced water loss was associated with, and may have been cued by, a reduction in the water potential of the gall tissues surrounding the larvae. The second phase was a more subtle fourfold reduction in rates of water loss occurring between 16 October and 11 December. In contrast to the first phase, the second phase of increased desiccation resistance correlated closely with increases in hemolymph osmolality (568–870 mOsmol kg –1 ). The correlation between seasonal increases in hemolymph osmolality and reduction in rates of water loss may represent a link between desiccation resistance and cold-tolerance in this species.
Innate Inhibition of Adaptive Immunity: Mycobacterium tuberculosis-Induced IL-6 Inhibits Macrophage Responses to IFN-γ

In humans and in mice, control of the intracellular pathogen, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), requires IFN-gamma. Although the adaptive immune response results in production of substantial amounts of IFN-gamma in response to Mtb, the immune response is unable to eradicate the infection in most cases. We have previously reported evidence that Mtb inhibits macrophage responses to IFN-gamma, suggesting that this may limit the ability of IFN-gamma to stimulate macrophages to kill Mtb. We have also observed that uninfected macrophages, adjacent to infected macrophages in culture, exhibit decreased responses to IFN-gamma. Here we report that IL-6 secreted by Mtb-infected macrophages inhibits the responses of uninfected macrophages to IFN-gamma. IL-6 selectively inhibits a subset of IFN-gamma-responsive genes at the level of transcriptional activation without inhibiting activation or function of STAT1. Inhibition of macrophage responses to IFN-gamma by IL-6 requires new protein synthesis, but this effect is not attributable to suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 or 3. These results reveal a novel function for IL-6 and indicate that IL-6 secreted by Mtb-infected macrophages may contribute to the inability of the cellular immune response to eradicate infection.
Identification of races of Colletotrichum orbiculare on muskmelon in South Carolina.

Anthracnose caused by the fungus Colletotrichum orbiculare was observed on commercial cantaloupe grown in South Carolina for the first time in decades. Isolates from leaves were inoculated onto sta...
Responsibilities and obligations of States sponsoring persons and entities with respect to activities in the area

Seabed Disputes Chamber of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea advisory opinion on the responsibility of sponsoring states for deep-seabedmining operations
Burnout and Coping: An Exploratory Comparative Study of Heterosexual and Sexual Minority Mental Health Practitioners

This study examined differences in burnout and coping between heterosexual and sexual minority identified (e.g., lesbian, gay, bisexual, queer) mental health practitioners (MHPs) living in the United States. Responses from 150 MHPs were collected via an Internet survey. A 2 × 2 ANOVA revealed that sexual minority men reported higher levels of burnout. An additional 2 × 2 ANOVA revealed that sexual minority MHPs scored lower on emotion-focused coping. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
GHz-rate optical parametric amplifier in hydrogenated amorphous silicon

We demonstrate optical parametric amplification operating at GHz-rates at telecommunications wavelengths using a hydrogenated amorphous silicon waveguide through the nonlinear optical process of four-wave mixing. We investigate how the parametric amplification scales with repetition rate. The ability to achieve amplification at GHz-repetition rates shows hydrogenated amorphous silicon's potential for telecommunication applications and a GHz-rate optical parametric oscillator.
Effect of Achilles tendon lengthening on neuropathic plantar ulcers.

To The Editor: In their article “Effect of Achilles Tendon Lengthening on Neuropathic Plantar Ulcers. A Randomized Clinical Trial” (2003;85: 1436-45), Mueller et al. present the provocative hypothesis that, even though the surgical group had a nonsignificant trend toward longer healing times (57.5 days compared with 40.8 days in the nonsurgical group, or 41% longer), a larger number of ulcers healed in the surgical group (thirty of thirty compared with twenty-nine of thirty-three in the nonsurgical group) and the recurrence rate was lower in the surgical group (four of twenty-seven ulcers recurred compared with sixteen of twenty-seven in the non-surgical group) after seven months of follow-up. My first question pertains to the role of protected weight-bearing while the ulcers healed after randomization. In the Materials and Methods section, it is noted that the cast group was allowed to bear full weight immediately, whereas the surgical group had protected weight-bearing for a week, after which they were gradually allowed to bear weight but were advised to limit their activity. The authors' introductory review suggests that ulcers … Corresponding author: Michael J. Mueller, PT, PhD Program in Physical Therapy Box 8502, 4444 Forest Park Boulevard St. Louis, MO 63108 muellermi{at}msnotes.wustl.edu
Equation of State Measurements of Warm Dense Carbon Using Laser-Driven Shock and Release Technique

We present a new approach to equation of state experiments that utilizes a laser-driven shock and release technique combined with spatially resolved x-ray Thomson scattering, radiography, velocity interferometry, and optical pyrometry to obtain independent measurements of pressure, density, and temperature for carbon at warm dense matter conditions. The uniqueness of this approach relies on using a laser to create very high initial pressures to enable a very deep release when the shock moves into a low-density pressure standard. This results in material at near normal solid density and temperatures around 10 eV. The spatially resolved Thomson scattering measurements facilitate a temperature determination of the released material by isolating the scattering signal from a specific region in the target. Our results are consistent with quantum molecular dynamics calculations for carbon at these conditions and are compared to several equation of state models.
Exploiting Bioorthogonal Chemistry to Elucidate Protein–Lipid Binding Interactions and Other Biological Roles of Phospholipids

Lipids play critical roles in a litany of physiological and pathophysiological events, often through the regulation of protein function. These activities are generally difficult to characterize, however, because the membrane environment in which lipids operate is very complex. Moreover, lipids have a diverse range of biological functions, including the recruitment of proteins to membrane surfaces, actions as small-molecule ligands, and covalent protein modification through lipidation. Advancements in the development of bioorthogonal reactions have facilitated the study of lipid activities by providing the ability to selectively label probes bearing bioorthogonal tags within complex biological samples.In this Account, we discuss recent efforts to harness the beneficial properties of bioorthogonal labeling strategies in elucidating lipid function. Initially, we summarize strategies for the design and synthesis of lipid probes bearing bioorthogonal tags. This discussion includes issues to be considered when ...
Segregated Structures in Highly Alloyed Ferritic Gas-Turbine Wheel Forgings

Segregates present in highly alloyed materials, particularly in modified 12 per cent Cr steels, can have very adverse effects on the physical and mechanical properties. It has been shown that such inhomogeneities can act as inherent notches or stress risers which contribute to or cause premature failures. The fact that such segregation cannot be detected by nondestructive magnetic-particle or sonic tests dictates the use of alternate inspection and process methods to qualify highly stressed parts, such as turbine wheels, for actual service. Turbine wheels, especially those of high-alloy content, produced in accordance with inspection procedures and process methods described herein can be assured to give reliable and satisfactory service.Copyright © 1961 by ASME
Future freshwater stress for island populations

Changes in the terrestrial water balance are expected in many regions, but small islands remain difficult to assess. Research now reveals a tendency towards increased aridity in over 73% of island groups (home to around 16 million people) by mid-century.
The All-digital Electrical Energy Metering System Based on Optical Current and Voltage Transducer

In this paper,a newly developed all-digital electrical energy metering system is discussed,which is based on optical voltage transducer(OVT),optical current transducer(OCT) and Merge Unit,etc.The difference between traditional electrical energy metering system and all-digital electrical energy metering system is analyzed and compared from the composition and technical performance.The realization method of the proposed all-digital electrical energy metering system on a 220kV voltage grade power system is described.The proposed all-digital electrical energy metering system has been running nearly two years.The operation results show that all-digital electrical energy metering system has higher accuracy,reliable performance and a good application prospect.
Boxfish don't swim the straight and narrow

![Figure][1] Agile though awkward looking, coral reef-dwelling boxfish are aptly named for their unusual box-like shape, which is made up of many fused bony plates. This boxy shell, along with the toxins some boxfish secrete, works well as a defense against predation. However, the shell
The Contribution of Civil Society in the Implementation of CSR: The Case of Cameroon with SOCAPALM Affair

If CSR now has an important place in the economic and institutional landscape of western countries, in Africa, at least in the canonical form of CSR that has emerged today, it still quite largely unknown to the general public as well as business community. Companies are certainly used to refer generally to the laws governing economic transactions (tax, marketing and distribution, labor laws, etc.). But they are few to explicitly mention CSR in their activities. In societies where states tend to show little vigilance concerning the implementation of CSR, it is the involvement of civil society that determines the emergence of a CSR culture in organizational, managerial and economic practices of national and multinational companies. The aim of this paper is to account for this assumption from the situation of CSR in Cameroon and in particular the case of the Cameroon Society of Palm (SOCAPALM) which was in the center of an unprecedented mobilization of the civil society.
Increased risk of axial fractures in patients with untreated chronic lymphocytic leukemia: a population-based analysis.

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) primarily affects older patients, and is frequently characterized by a prolonged asymptomatic phase managed by watchful waiting. Complications of CLL have been described primarily in the context of advanced disease following chemotherapy.[1][1] By contrast, little
Foxc1 Ablated Mice Are Anhidrotic and Recapitulate Features of Human Miliaria Sweat Retention Disorder

Sweat glands are critical for thermoregulation. The single tubular structure of sweat glands has a lower secretory portion and an upper reabsorptive duct leading to the secretory pore in the skin. Genes that determine sweat gland structure and function are largely unidentified. Here we report that a Fox family transcription factor, Foxc1, is obligate for appreciable sweat duct activity in mice. When Foxc1 was specifically ablated in skin, sweat glands appeared mature, but the mice were severely hypohidrotic. Morphologic analysis revealed that sweat ducts were blocked by hyperkeratotic or parakeratotic plugs. Consequently, lumens in ducts and secretory portions were dilated, and blisters and papules formed on the skin surface in the knockout mice. The phenotype was strikingly similar to the human sweat retention disorder miliaria. We further show that Foxc1 deficiency ectopically induces the expression of keratinocyte terminal differentiation markers in the duct luminal cells, which most likely contribute to keratotic plug formation. Among those differentiation markers, we show that Sprr2a transcription is directly repressed by overexpressed Foxc1 in keratinocytes. In summary, Foxc1 regulates sweat duct luminal cell differentiation, and mutant mice mimic miliaria and provide a possible animal model for its study.
Staging and surgical treatment.

The treatment of ovarian cancer truly involves a multimodal approach with surgery as the cornerstone. Surgery serves many roles in addition to providing a definitive diagnosis. In disease grossly confined to the ovary and/or pelvis, surgery can provide accurate and comprehensive staging based on the known patterns of spread. Many patients with clinically apparent early-stage ovarian cancer will be upstaged after comprehensive surgical staging. Accurate staging is crucial for a credible prognosis and as a guide for additional therapeutic approaches. The role of surgery for grossly advanced ovarian cancer is cytoreduction (debulking) of large tumor volume, which results in improved outcomes. Surgical cytoreduction also may improve the survival in select patients with recurrent disease. Surgery is considered in the palliation of many symptoms of advanced ovarian cancer. Patients with ovarian cancer will benefit from being treated by physicians with special expertise in the surgical management of this disease. Invasive epithelial ovarian cancers account for the vast majority of ovarian cancers. This chapter primarily refers to this type of ovarian cancer unless otherwise specified.
CNN-Based Object Segmentation in Urban LIDAR with Missing Points

We examine the task of point-level object segmentation in outdoor urban LIDAR scans. A key challenge in this area is the problem of missing points in the scans due to technical limitations of the LIDAR sensors. Our core contributions are demonstrating the benefit of reframing the segmentation task over the scan acquisition grid as opposed to considering only the acquired 3D point cloud and developing a pipeline for training and applying a convolutional neural network to accomplish this segmentation on large scale LIDAR scenes. By labeling missing points in the scanning grid we show that we can train our classifier to achieve a more accurate and complete segmentation mask for the vehicle object category which is particularly prone to missing points. Additionally we show that the choice of input features maps to the CNN significantly effect the accuracy of the segmentation and these features should be chosen to fully encapsulate the 3D scene structure. We evaluate our model on a LIDAR dataset collected by Google Street View cars over a large area of New York City.
Managing weeds during wildflower meadow establishment in the arid Intermountain West: Efficacy of a grass-first strategy for sites with heavy annual weed pressure

The creation of attractive, sustainable wildflower meadows in private and public green spaces is becoming increasingly popular. Establishment failure rate for new meadow plantings can be very high, primarily because of the initial annual weed pressure. We proposed a 3-step grass-first establishment protocol based on plant augmentative succession principles: 1) spring planting of grass component species; 2) application of standard turf-appropriate weed-control methods; and 3) early fall overseeding or outplanting of forbs into the established grasses. This grass-first meadow establishment protocol was successful, regardless of standard weed-control method employed (mowing; 2,4-D application; or application of a three-way pre-mix containing mecoprop, 2,-4-D, and dicamba [Ortho Weed B Gon]). Among the weed-control treatments, weed density during the establishment year did not affect ultimate meadow establishment success, as long as weeds were controlled sufficiently to allow grass and forb survival. Seeding resulted in a greater density of forbs and, ultimately, an overall more aesthetically pleasing mix of flowering plants and grasses as compared to outplanting. Among the grasses in the species mix, slender wheatgrass ( Elymus trachycaulus (Link) Gould ex Shinners [Poaceae]) was dominant. Among the forb species, 5 Asteraceae species persisted over the period of the study and contributed good color to the meadow plantings. An augmented succession protocol based on grass-first establishment will be valuable where native meadow plantings are desired for urban habitat development and beautification.
Gastrointestinal Issues in Infants and Children with Autism and Developmental Delays

Controversy exists regarding whether gastrointestinal (GI) issues play a role in the symptomatology of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). While some studies have found GI problems to be more prevalent in individuals with ASD, others have reported no such difference. Studies looking at the relationship between GI issues and ASD symptom severity have also had mixed results. The current study examined 112 participants between the age of 17 to 37 months. Participants comprised four groups of 28 children: an ASD and no GI issues group, an ASD with GI problems group, an atypical development and no GI issues group, and an atypical development with GI issues group. The results of the current study suggest that although the prevalence of GI symptoms was higher in participants with ASD than those without, this difference was not significant. The study also found that GI issues were not related to ASD symptom severity or developmental functioning.
The Introspective Method in Knowledge

Let us turn from a consideration of Phenomenalist Logic where the basis for knowledge is erroneously, according to Grote, regarded as real independent of us, to a consideration of the introspectionist method in knowledge. For without that which is introspected there can be no knowledge. That is, the field of the introspective is necessary to all knowledge, and without this field, or, more specifically, without ‘philosophy’ or consciousness there could be phenomena. Since the thought side of reality is so significant it seems appropriate to devote a special chapter to it.
Surgical treatment of fractures of the greater trochanter associated with osteolytic lesions : Surgical technique

BACKGROUND: A fracture of the greater trochanter through an osteolytic lesion may occur as a late complication after total hip arthroplasty. The optimal treatment for this difficult complication remains controversial. We have treated this problem with internal fixation and allogeneic bone-grafting at the time of revision of a loose acetabular component. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the results of treatment of a fracture through an osteolytic lesion of the greater trochanter in nineteen patients seen from 1996 to 2002. All fractures were treated with morselized allogeneic bone grafts and wire fixation at the time of revision of a failed acetabular component. Postoperative care included the use of an abduction orthosis and protected weight-bearing for at least three months. Follow-up of all patients consisted of radiographic examinations and clinical evaluation with use of the Harris hip score. RESULTS: At an average duration of 3.8 years after the revision, eighteen of the nineteen fractures had healed. The average time to healing was five months. The one treatment failure occurred in a patient who did not comply with the use of an abduction orthosis. The average Harris hip score for all patients improved from 32.5 points preoperatively to 91.2 points at the time of the latest follow-up. Polyethylene wear and recurrent osteolysis of the greater trochanter was noted in one hip at the eight-year follow-up examination. CONCLUSIONS: Fractures of the greater trochanter associated with osteolytic lesions can be effectively treated with open reduction, internal fixation with wire, and allogeneic bone-grafting.
Translational Dysregulation in Cancer: Molecular Insights and Potential Clinical Applications in Biomarker Development.

Although transcript levels have been traditionally used as a surrogate measure of gene expression, it is increasingly recognized that the latter is extensively and dynamically modulated at the level of translation (mRNA to protein). Over the recent years significant progress has been made in dissecting the complex post-transcriptional mechanisms that regulate gene expression. This advancement in knowledge came hand in hand with the progress made in the methodologies to study translation both at gene-specific as well as global genomic level. The majority of translational control is exerted at the level of initiation; nonetheless protein synthesis can be modulated at the level of translation elongation, termination, and recycling. Sequence and structural elements and epitranscriptomic modifications of individual transcripts allow for dynamic gene-specific modulation of translation. Cancer cells usurp the regulatory mechanisms that govern translation to carry out translational programs that lead to the phenotypic hallmarks of cancer. Translation is a critical nexus in neoplastic transformation. Multiple oncogenes and signaling pathways that are activated, upregulated, or mutated in cancer converge on translation and their transformative impact “bottlenecks” at the level of translation. Moreover, this translational dysregulation allows cancer cells to adapt to a diverse array of stresses associated with a hostile microenviroment and antitumor therapies. All elements involved in the process of translation, from the transcriptional template, the components of the translational machinery, to the proteins that interact with the transcriptome, have been found to be qualitatively and/or quantitatively perturbed in cancer. This Review discusses the regulatory mechanisms that govern translation in normal cells and how translation becomes dysregulated in cancer leading to the phenotypic hallmarks of malignancy. We also discuss how dysregulated mediators or components of translation can be utilized as biomarkers with potential diagnostic, prognostic, or predictive significance. Such biomarkers have the potential advantage of uniform applicability in the face of inherent tumor heterogeneity and DNA instability. As translation becomes increasingly recognized as a process gone awry in cancer and agents are developed to target it, the utility and significance of these potential biomarkers is expected to increase.
Thrombophilia Testing and Venous Thrombosis.

Most patients with venous thromboembolism do not require thrombophilia testing, since the results will not affect management. Testing may be considered in younger patients with weak provoking factors, a strong family history, or recurrence at a young age.
Supporting consumer’s purchase decision: a method for ranking products based on online multi-attribute product ratings

Online product ratings, as a type of electronic word-of-mouth, play an important role for helping consumers select desirable products, but it is difficult for consumers to read a large number of online ratings on e-commerce Web site. To support consumer’s purchase decision, how to rank the candidate products based on online product ratings and consumer’s preferences is a noteworthy research topic, while the existing studies concerning this issue are still relatively scarce. This paper proposes a method for ranking products based on online multi-attribute product ratings. In the method, a discrete percentage distribution of the evaluation of each candidate product with respect to each attribute based on online ratings is first constructed, and the $$3\sigma $$ criterion is used to eliminate the anomalous ratings. Then, by defining of the stochastic dominance rules and the stochastic dominance degrees on comparing two discrete percentage distributions, the stochastic dominance relation between each pair of products is determined, and the corresponding stochastic dominance degree is calculated. Further, according to the obtained stochastic dominance degrees, the ranking of candidate products can be determined using the PROMETHEE-II method. A case study on selecting the automobile is given to illustrate the use of the proposed method.
Exploring perceived restoration potential of urban green enclosure through immersive virtual environments

Abstract We examine the effects of green space enclosure on perceived restorativeness and perceived safety in two urban setting, and in turn, we explore the extent to which perceived safety mediates the casual pathways between enclosure and perceived restorativeness. Photorealistic 360o panoramas taken from a plaza and a park were digitally manipulated to create 18 immersive virtual environment (IVE) stimuli that depict variations of spatial arrangement and permeability of vegetation. Using a head-mounted display, 87 participants viewed the IVEs and rated each on perceived restorativeness and perceived safety. Anova results revealed a significant interaction between enclosure indicators and setting type. Spatial arrangement positively affected perceived restorativeness in urban plaza while in park setting, spatial arrangement and permeability inversely influenced both perceived restorativeness and safety. Perception of safety mediated the causal pathways between enclosure and perceived restorativeness with more pronounced effects in park setting.
"There's no acknowledgement of what this does to people": A qualitative exploration of mental health among parents of children with critical congenital heart defects.

Author(s): Woolf-King, Sarah E; Arnold, Emily; Weiss, Sandra; Teitel, David | Abstract: AIMS AND OBJECTIVES:The purpose of this study was to explore the psychological impact of parenting a child with a critical congenital heart defect and the feasibility and acceptability of integrating psychological services into paediatric cardiology care. BACKGROUND:Children with critical congenital heart defect are at an increased risk for long-term behavioural, social and emotional difficulties. Data suggest that this risk is partially attributable to parental mental health, which is a stronger predictor of long-term behavioural problems in congenital heart defect children than disease-specific and surgical factors. Parental stress and mental health are thus important intervention targets, especially among high-risk families. DESIGN:This article presents data from a qualitative study with 25 congenital heart defect parents (nn=n15) and providers (nn=n10). METHODS:Using thematic analysis, semi-structured in-depth interviews were transcribed and coded by the first and second author to identify major themes and subthemes. RESULTS:Results of the interviews were organised into four major themes: (i) the psychological impact of parenting a child with critical congenital heart defect, (ii) factors that influence the psychological impact of parenting a child with critical congenital heart defect, (iii) how and when to psychologically support congenital heart defect parents and (iv) feasibility and acceptability of integrating psychological support into congenital heart defect care. Providers and parents endorsed the integration of mental health treatment into routine congenital heart defect care and identified several practical issues related to feasibility (e.g., funding and space) that should be considered prior to implementation. CONCLUSIONS:Parents of children with critical congenital heart defect need access to mental health services, and integrating these services into routine paediatric cardiology care is a novel and practical way for parents to receive the treatment they need. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE:Suggestions for how the field of paediatric cardiology could begin to integrate mental health services into congenital heart defect treatment are provided.
The education–suicide mortality gradient

ABSTRACTUsing the fifth release of the National Longitudinal Mortality Survey, I examine the role of educational attainment and self-reported health on 6- and 11-year suicide mortality risk in the United States. I first replicate the original results reported by Hamermesh and Soss. . Then, augmenting the Hamermesh model with initial educational attainment and self-reported health status, I find that years of education significantly raises suicide mortality risk in the US after controlling for initial self-reported health. This result is robust to regression specification, replication and the inclusion of covariates.
Evaluation of a Computer-Based Decision Aid for Promoting Informed Prostate Cancer Screening Decisions Among African American Men: iDecide:

Purpose:To evaluate the effects of iDecide on prostate cancer knowledge, informed decision-making self-efficacy, technology use self-efficacy, and intention to engage in informed decision-making am...
OFF-PEAK STORAGE IN PASSIVE SOLAR BUILDINGS

ABSTRACT The use of massive building components as storage media for heating energy derived from electricity has been investigated in a passive solar town house and through simulations. The analysis of the monitored performance of the off-peak storage system shows, for the three different test units, the long and short term benefits for the utility due to the shift in heating energy consumption from the on-peak period to the off-period. Performance resulting from various scenarios for the storage charge (complement to baseboard heaters, optimal control) are discussed based on simulation results.
Nonlinear Feedback Stabilization Revisited

Methods of feedback design are undergoing an exceptionally rich period of progress and maturation, fueled to a great extent by the discovery of new conceptual notions as well as by the systematic application of certain ideas such as that of control-Lyapunov functions (clf’s). This paper, which can be seen as an updated version of [22], discusses the problem of state stabilization, the understanding of which is a fundamental prerequisite to the solution of control problems such as tracking, disturbance rejection, output feedback, or adaptive and robust design.
The Strength of Oriented Short Fiber Reinforced Plastics

Prediction of strength for short fiber reinforced plastic systems is a complex but industrially crucial problem. Even in the case of unidirectionally aligned fibers with tensile stress applied in the fiber direction, failure may occur in the fibers, in the matrix phase, or at the interface. Furthermore, failure may take place in a tensile or shear mode and may be brittle or ductile in nature.
The Analysis of Multiple DNA or Protein Sequences

In Example 3 of Section 3.4.3 we considered the test of the hypothesis that the probabilities for the four nucleotides in a DNA sequence are equal to a set of prescribed values. In this section we consider the test of the hypothesis that the two sets of probabilities for the four nucleotides in two DNA sequences are equal, no specific claim being made as to what the probabilities are. The data used for this test are as given in Table 6.1.
Pancreatic cancer circulating tumor cells: applications for personalized oncology

Introduction: Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a highly lethal disease, in part because of early metastasis, late diagnosis, and limited treatment options. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are cancer cells ...
Large Right Atrial Mass Uncovered during Routine Echocardiogram for New Onset Atrial Fibrillation

Case Report A 64-year-old man with a history of aortic valve replacement 14 years prior presented to the emergency department with new onset atrial fibrillation. He reported two weeks of weakness and fatigue preventing him from completing his work as an apartment manager. N-terminal pro b-type natriuretic peptide serum level was elevated and chest x-ray showed enlarged right atrium with clear costophrenic angles. Transthoracic echocardiogram (Figure A) demonstrated what appeared to be a large 6 cm by 7 cm mass abutting the right atrium without evidence of functional obstruction per doppler flow imaging. Chest CTA (Figure B) revealed a large 10 cm by 8 cm by 7 cm calcified pseudoaneurysm of the aortic root with mass effect on the right atrium in addition to severe coronary artery disease of the RCA and LCx. Patient was referred for nonemergent CT surgery and the following week underwent repair of the aortic root pseudoaneurysm with a bovine pericardial patch, coronary artery bypass grafting, and closure of the left atrial appendage. The patient recovered without complication and was discharged from the hospital 7 days later. Patient returned to work two weeks after surgery and endorsed feeling well at 2 week outpatient clinic followup.
Two pulses of morphological diversification in Pacific pelagic fishes following the Cretaceous-Palaeogene mass extinction.

Molecular phylogenies suggest some major radiations of open-ocean fish clades occurred roughly coincident with the Cretaceous–Palaeogene (K/Pg) boundary, however the timing and nature of this diver...
Thirty-Day Readmissions in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Recipients: Insight from Nationwide Readmission Database

Introduction Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant HSCT is an established therapeutic modality for hematological and non hematological diseases. There is a paucity of information regarding the rate, causes and predictors of readmission in HSCT patients. Hospital readmission burden is an important health care quality metric. We aimed to estimate the 30- day readmission burden post HSCT. Methods We used the Nationwide Readmission Database NRD from 2012-2014. HSCT recipients were identified using ICD-9 codes. December was excluded from the index admission as NRD doesn't follow patients over the years, therefore, 30 days readmissions will not be available for these index admission if included. We stratified the patients according to age below and above 18 years and by the type of HSCT to either Bone Marrow or Cord Blood Transplant. We demonstrated the rate and most common causes of readmission through using ICD-9 codes. Multivariate analysis was performed to identify the independent predictors of the 30 day readmissions in HSCT. Results A total of 20,691 HSCT recipients were identified through NRD 2012-2014. Patients above and below 18 years were 92.5% and 7.5% respectively. Bone Marrow Transplant accounted for 97.4% while Cord Blood Transplant was 2.6%. Median age of the adult group was 57 years and of the pediatric group was 8 years, median length of stay was 21 days in adult cohort versus 35 days in pediatric cohort. 58.8% of the whole cohort were male. All cause 30-day readmission rate in HSCT recipients was 21.8% with a median number of 8 days till readmission. In pediatrics cohort, all cause 30-day readmission rate was 39.6% compared to 20.3% in adult cohort. Furthermore, when we stratified according to source of transplant, Cord Blood readmission rate was 42.4 % versus 21.2% in Bone Marrow Transplant. The most common causes of 30-day readmissions were infection, fluid-electrolyte disorder, acute kidney injury and relapse. Among the infection group, the top three causes were bacteremia, clostridium difficile (c.diff), and cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections respectively. On multivariate analysis, Cord Blood Transplant and below 18 years were among the significant predictors of 30-day readmission (HR=2.3, 95% CI (1.9-2.8); p=0.001, and HR=2.4, 95% CI (2.2-2.7); p=0.001, respectively). The estimated total cost of 30-day readmissions in HSCT patients was $6.66 billion, and the mortality rate was 4.4%. Trends of 30-day readmission over 2012-2014 years were rising; 30.2%, 32.2%, and 37.2%, respectively. Conclusions The highest burden of 30-day readmission rates and costs in HSCT recipients in the US were demonstrated among the pediatric and Cord Blood groups. The most common cause of readmission was infection with bacteremia, c. diff and CMV were the highest observed etiologies. Further researches are needed to identify strategies to cut down the rate and cost of readmissions
The effect of fertility on loss aversion

Abstract Loss aversion is the tendency to be more sensitive to losses than comparable gains. Recent work has shown that men's loss aversion can change when they have a currently activated mating motivation. The current research examined whether women's sensitivity to loss might be influenced by the hormones that regulate fertility, which are known to activate intra-sexual competition and mating motivation. Three studies found that women became less sensitive to loss at peak fertility—near ovulation—in some contexts. Ovulating women reported being less upset at the prospect of losing hypothetical amounts of money and products (e.g., laptop, tennis shoes), as well as accepted lower selling prices for a picture frame, an indication of decreased loss aversion. We also uncovered a theoretically-derived boundary condition for this effect: ovulation led women to become more loss averse when the product was directly relevant for enhancing attractiveness (e.g., lipstick).
Evidence for superconductivity in Rb metal above 55 GPa pressure

The only alkali metal known to be superconducting at ambient pressure is Li at 0.4 mK. Under 30 GPa pressure ${T}_{\text{c}}$ for Li rises to 14 K. In addition, nearly 50 years ago the heavy alkali metal Cs was reported to become superconducting near 1.3 K at 12 GPa. In the present experiment the superconductivity of Cs under pressure is confirmed. In addition, strong evidence is presented in electrical resistivity measurements that neighboring Rb also becomes superconducting near 2 K at 55 GPa as it enters the oC16 phase, as for Cs, where ${T}_{\text{c}}$ decreases under the application of pressure. It would seem likely that under the right temperature/pressure conditions all alkali metals, including metallic hydrogen, will join the ranks of the superconducting elements. With the addition of Rb, 55 of the 92 naturally occurring elements are superconducting at ambient or high pressure.
Improving the Shape Yield and Long-Term Stability of Gold Nanoprisms with Poly(vinylpyrrolidone).

Gold nanoprisms (AuNPRs) are anisotropic nanostructures that have gained great attention in recent years because of their interesting and unique optical properties that can be tailored for biomedic...
Implementation of systematic genetic counseling (GC) and multigene germline testing (MGT) for pancreatic cancer (PC) patients (pts).

678Background: MGT identifies cancer susceptibility gene variants in 4-10% of unselected PC pts. Such data have prompted national guidelines to recommend GC and MGT of all PC pts, but the benefits ...
Chapter 9 – Questioning Contextualism

Publisher Summary This chapter argues against the pragmatism that shows that there is a striking disanalogy between the behavior of “knows” in questions and the behavior of “knows” in terms. The chapter discusses that different people may have different standards for knowledge, so perhaps they may mean different things by a statement, because they communicate to meet their preferred standards for knowledge. Standards for knowledge are not the kind of thing that people can differ on without making a mistake, in the way one would say that different people can have different immediate goals (about what to have for dinner) without making a mistake. This explains that one does not just adopt questioners' standards for knowledge while answering their knowledge questions. So, it is argued that questions involving “knows” should have the three properties—speaker, clarification, and different answers. However, the counter argument is that the proposition can be true relative to some contexts and false relative to other contexts, just as temporality about propositions that a proposition can be true at some times and false at other times, and the utterance is true if the proposition is true only in the context of the utterance.
Nanoscale Molecular Composition of Solid Bitumen from the Eagle Ford Group across a Natural Thermal Maturity Gradient

Microscopic solid bitumen is a petrographically defined secondary organic matter residue produced during petroleum generation and subsequent oil transformation. The presence of solid bitumen impact...
Low carbohydrate ketogenic therapy as a metabolic treatment for binge eating and ultraprocessed food addiction.

Purpose of review The aim of this study was to highlight the recent advancements and future directions for potential use of a low carbohydrate ketogenic dietary approach to treat binge eating and ultraprocessed food addiction. Herein, we explore proposed mechanisms of why a diet low in refined carbohydrates, processed sugar and higher fat content may be helpful in alleviating symptoms. Recent findings Emerging evidence suggests there may be a metabolic role in development of maladaptive eating. These findings broaden our understanding of eating psychopathology causes. Ultraprocessed, refined or high glycemic index carbohydrates are a possible trigger mediating neurochemical responses similar to addiction. The carbohydrate-insulin model of obesity supports observations of these foods triggering abnormal blood sugar and insulin spikes subsequently leading to changes in metabolic and neurobiological signaling. This results in overeating symptoms and hunger exacerbation, which differs from observed effects of healthy fat consumption and lack of similar insulin spikes. As supported in recent case series, significantly reducing or abstaining from these addictive-like ultraprocessed foods and highly refined carbohydrates could be considered a treatment approach. Summary The current review highlights recent and pertinent evidence with respect to theoretical and practical application of low carbohydrate ketogenic therapeutic approaches for ultraprocessed food addiction and binge eating symptoms. VIDEO ABSTRACT:.
Postmortem Redistribution of Drugs

Postmortem redistribution is a phenomenon that complicates the interpretation of postmortem forensic toxicology findings. It refers to changes in drug concentration that can occur after death. This can be attributed to the movement of drugs from tissue compartments or solid organs into the blood. The tendency of a drug to redistribute in this fashion is influenced by its physicochemical properties, notably its basicity (pKa), lipophilicity, volume of distribution, protein binding, and energy-dependent transport processes across membrane. The physiological processes and tendency of drugs to exhibit postmortem redistribution are discussed, highlighting the need for careful interpretation of results.
Prediction of Room Temperature High Thermoelectric Performance in n-type La(Ru,Rh)4Sb12

First principles calculations are used to investigate the band structure and the transport related properties of unfilled and filled 4d skutterudite antimonides. The calculations show that, while RhSb3 and p-type La(Rh,Ru)4Sb12 are unfavorable for thermoelectric application, n-type La(Rh,Ru)4Sb12 is very likely a high figure of merit thermoelectric material in the important temperature range 150-300 K.
English Language Learner Classmates and the Classroom Social Skills of Students with Disabilities

Background/ContextThough the development of social skills in kindergarten is critical, a research gap exists in how the context of the general education classroom may influence the social skills ou...