cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Gravity model development for precise orbit computations for satellite altimetry

Two preliminary gravity models developed as a first step in reaching the TOPEX/Poseidon modeling goals are discussed. They were obtained by NASA-Goddard from an analysis of exclusively satellite tracking observations. With the new Preliminary Gravity Solution-T2 model, an improved global estimate of the field is achieved with an improved description of the geoid.
Validation of a Measure of Intimate Partner Abuse With Couples Participating in Divorce Mediation

Critics of court mandated divorce mediation have raised awareness of the need for screening measures to assess intimate partner abuse. This study validates a new instrument that is a revised version of the Partner Abuse Scales developed by Walter Hudson in the 1990s. The Relationship Behavior Rating Scale (RBRS) correlates highly with the original scales and subscales developed from the original and RBRS items have equally high reliability. The new scale is a reliable measure for intimate partner abuse in divorce mediation.
Proton NMR studies of superconducting intercalation complexes: Orientation, arrangement and molecular dynamics in TaS2 (cobaltocene)1/4

Abstract The orientation, arrangement, and temperature-dependent dynamics of cobaltocene molecules intercalated in the layered compound TaS2 are determined by proton NMR observations.
Under the spotlight: institutional investors and firm responses to the Council of Institutional Investors' Annual Focus List

This article looks at how a negative third-party quality signal, in the form of external monitoring of firm performance by an investor group, prompts a response from both institutional investors an...
Alloxan-induced diabetes in young vs old Sprague-Dawley rats.

Abstract This investigation shows that old male and female, Sprague-Dawley rats are unable to cope as effectively as young rats with the metabolic stress of alloxan-induced diabetes. Although the aging process is associated with progressively increasing hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and an increased proclivity toward arteriosclerosis, the pathophysiologic response to acutely-induced diabetes is not the same in young vs old rats. Old rats were found to be unable to mobilize glucose and lipids, or to secrete corticosterone as effectively as young rats. Concomitantly, although the young rats remained resistant to the pathogenesis or arterial diesease, the older diabetic rats manifested definite acceleration of naturally-occuring arterial disease in these diabetic rats. It is suggested that the premature appearance of arterial disease in these diabetic rats may be equated with premature aging. It is also suggested that the spectrum of unusual pathophysiologic changes observed in the older rats was due to an acute phase of hyperadrenocorticism in response to the stress of acute diabetes followed by a period of adrenocortical hypofunction and that alterations in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal function may condition animals toward premature aging.
Who’s “she”? Discourse prominence influences preschoolers’ comprehension of pronouns☆

Abstract Four experiments examined whether 3-year-olds’ comprehension of pronouns was affected by the discourse prominence of the possible antecedents. In each experiment, children listened to short stories. The final (test) sentence of each story differed in whether it continued the grammatical subject (and first-mentioned character) established in prior sentences or shifted to a new one, and whether it had a pronoun or a lexical noun phrase subject. We assessed comprehension by measuring accuracy in an elicited imitation task (Experiment 1), and responses in a looking-preference comprehension task (Experiments 2–4). Both measures revealed a continued-subject bias in the interpretation of pronouns: Children tended to interpret a pronoun as coreferential with the subject (and first-mentioned character) in the preceding context. Thus young children’s comprehension of a sentence is affected not only by knowledge of its words and syntactic structure, but also by the prominence of each referent in a representation of the discourse; referent prominence is affected by some of the same factors that affect coreference processing in adulthood. These findings suggest considerable continuity in the basic architecture of the sentence processing system throughout development.
Abstract LB-450: Gene expression of colonic submucosa differs between the inflammatory colitides. A possible reason for differences in IBD-associated CRC incidences

Purpose : Differentiating ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn9s colitis (CC) may be inaccurate in up to 30% of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) cases due to overlapping features of these colitides. IBD-associated colorectal cancer (CRC) is frequently diagnosed in an advanced stage. Mass-spectrometric (MS) proteomic patterns found in colonic submucosa have been shown to discriminate UC and CC. To verify this, we aimed to conduct pilot gene expression analyses via microarray assessment of colonic submucosa. The significances of these genes to CRC initiation is as yet not been elucidated. Methods : Laser capture microdissection of colonic submucosa from UC (n=8), CC (n=8), and normal (NL, n=8) samples was performed. The submucosal mRNA was extracted using the PicoPure(TM) RNA Isolation Kit. Comprehensive gene expression analysis of the pooled mRNA from each group was then performed using the Affymetrix GeneChip® Gene 1.0 ST Array System. To detect changes for UC, we compared UC to CC and UC to NL; and for CC, we compared CC to UC and CC to NL. Results : 28,869 genes were represented on the array by 26 probes spread across the full length of each gene. When comparing UC to CC, 138 genes showed at least a 5-fold significant overexpression (p Conclusions : Microarray assessments show significantly different gene overexpression in UC and CC colonic submucosa, with a few select genes showing dramatic overexpression. Preliminary results indicate that we have the tools in hand to successfully validate the results from the microarray analysis using TR-qPCR and immunohistochemistry (IHC). These genes may assist in delineation of the previously identified differentiating MS submucosal proteomic peaks, potentially facilitating protein biomarker identification to discriminate the inflammatory colitides. These genes may relate to CRC initiation. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-450. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-LB-450
Preliminary evidence of the reliability and validity of the prospective life-chart methodology (LCM-p).

This article describes the use of the NIMH prospective life-charting methodology (NIMH LCM-p) in the context of a formal double-blind, clinical trial and provides preliminary evidence of its reliability and validity. Subjects included in this report were 30 outpatients with bipolar I and II disorder who completed the first 2 years of a long-term maintenance study: 1 year on carbamazepine or lithium and a crossover to the other in the second year. The LCM-p follows the same types of guidelines and principles utilized in the previously described retrospective life-chart process, allowing for continuity of illness assessment prior and subsequent to study entry. In the LCM-p, daily ratings of severity of mood symptoms based on the degree of associated functional incapacity, provide a more detailed topography of manic and depressive fluctuations. Inter-rater reliability was examined by comparing the severity of daily LCM-p ratings assigned by two raters. In order to assess the validity, we correlated the LCM-p ratings with well-standardized scales, including Hamilton and Beck Depression Ratings, Young Mania Ratings and the Global Assessment Scale (GAS). The Kappa scores for inter-rater reliability demonstrated significant and satisfactory strength of agreement with no fall off over 14 days prior to the rating interview. Strong correlations were found: (1) between the LCM-p average severity for depression rating and the mean Hamilton Depression Rating (r=0.86, p<.001), and the Beck Depression Inventory (r=0.73, p<.001); 2) between the LCM-p average severity for mania rating and the Young Mania Rating Scale (r=0.61, p<.001); and (3) between the LCM-p average severity and the GAS (r=−0.81, p<.001). These preliminary data suggest the reliability and validity of the NIMH-LCM-p in assessing manic and depressive episode severity. It also provides a useful continuous daily measure of affective illness-related symptom fluctuations that allows for detailed prospective assessment of frequency and pattern of illness, treatment response, and continuity with retrospective life chart assessments.
High vibrational overtones in SiHCl3 and SiH2Cl2

Abstract Absorption spectra in the 12000–18000 cm −1 range have been recorded for gaseous SiHCl 3 and SiH 2 Cl 2 using intracavity photoacoustic detection and cw dye lasers. The observed transitions correspond to the Δν = 6, 7, 8 and 9 overtones of the SiH stretch and are adequately interpreted in terms of a local mode description of the vibration.
Folk concepts of mental disorder among the Lao: continuities with similar concepts in other cultures and in psychiatry.

Folk concepts for mental disorder were studied among rural Lao people. While predominantly inferring etiology (e.g. spirit-caused disorder), certain terms also emphasized particular descriptive psychopathology or behavioral abnormality. Preventive strategies were stressed for insanity due to “excessive worry” or “broken taboo”.
Functional Polymers. XVIII. Radical Grafting of 2-(2-Hydroxy-5-vinylphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole onto Polybutadienes

2-(2-Hydroxy-5-vinylphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole was grafted onto two types of butadiene polymers, 1,2-polybutadiene and cis-1,4-polybutadiene, using azobisisobutyronitrile as the initiator. 2-(2-Hydroxy-5-vinylphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole was grafted with a conversion of about 20%, and the efficiency exceeding 50%. The polybutadiene grafting efficiency depended on the structure of the polymer. For 1,2-polybutadiene, the grafting efficiency was 56%, while for cis-1,4-polybutadiene it was only 14%. For comparison, 2-(2-hydroxy-5-vinylphenyl)-2H-benzo-triazole was also homopolymerized, not only with AIBN, but also with benzoyl peroxide as the initiator. In the latter case the yields were relatively low.
A Temperature Programmed Isotope Exchange Study of Ca-Ni-K and Mg-Li Oxide Catalysts Used for Oxidative Coupling of Methane

Abstract A temperature programmed isotope exchange (TPIE) technique was used to study the isotope exchange between gas phase oxygen and lattice oxygen of two Ca-Ni-K oxide, and a Mg-Li oxide catalysts at temperatures up to 750°C. Two types of active surface sites were found: one responsible for single exchange between gas phase oxygen and lattice oxygen and the other responsible for multiple exchange between gas phase oxygen and lattice oxygen. The multiple exchange reaction takes place at lower temperature than the single exchange reaction. The number of active sites responsible for multiple exchange of oxygen is only a fraction ( 20%). Ca-Ni-K (A) oxide prepared from the corresponding nitrate and Ca-Ni-K (B) oxide made by physical mixing of CaO, NiO, and KNO3 have a comparable amount (∼10%) of lattice oxygen exchanged by gas phase oxygen.
Sanitation practices that inhibit reproduction of Monosporascus cannonballus in melon roots left in the field after crop termination

Ascospores of Monosporascus cannonballus function as primary inoculum for infection of melon roots. Previous studies demonstrated that pathogen reproduction (i.e. ascospore production) occurs on infected melon roots primarily after the crop has been terminated. Therefore, the key to maintaining low soil population densities of the pathogen is to destroy the hyphae of the pathogen in infected roots as soon as possible after crop termination, thereby inhibiting ascospore production. Results from a 3-year field study demonstrated that, relative to the nontreated controls, an immediate postharvest application of metam sodium (applied via the drip irrigation system at 187 L ha−1) or cultivation (which lifts roots onto the surface of the soil for rapid desiccation) significantly inhibited pathogen reproduction in infected melon roots, as shown by the number of roots subsequently bearing perithecia. Additionally, ascospore populations in plots that received either the metam sodium or cultivation treatment were significantly lower (P < 0·05) than populations in the nontreated control plots at the end of the 3-year study. These results demonstrated the efficacy of these postharvest treatments in the inhibition of pathogen reproduction and retardation of inoculum build-up in soil.
Type II cAMP-dependent Protein Kinase-deficientDrosophila Are Viable but Show Developmental, Circadian, and Drug Response Phenotypes

We identified a unique type II cAMP-dependent protein kinase regulatory subunit (PKA-RII) gene in Drosophila melanogaster and a severely hypomorphic if not null mutation, pka-RII EP(2)2162. Extracts from pka- RII EP(2)2162 flies selectively lack RII-specific autophosphorylation activity and show significantly reduced cAMP binding activity, attributable to the loss of functional PKA-RII. pka-RII EP(2)2162 shows 2-fold increased basal PKA activity and ∼40% of normal cAMP-inducible PKA activity.pka-RII EP(2)2162 is fully viable but displays abnormalities of ovarian development and multiple behavioral phenotypes including arrhythmic circadian locomotor activity, decreased sensitivity to ethanol and cocaine, and a lack of sensitization to repeated cocaine exposures. These findings implicate type II PKA activity in these processes in Drosophila and imply a common role for PKA signaling in regulating responsiveness to cocaine and alcohol.
Effects of antihistamine medications on exercise performance. Implications for sportspeople.

The athlete who suffers from atopic diseases such as seasonal allergic rhinitis has an arsenal of antihistamines from which to choose for relief of symptoms. The decision to select a particular medication involves consideration of its efficacy and its side effects. Many of the standard antihistamines have sedative side effects which render them undesirable for use by athletes during competition. For example, a survey of studies suggests that some of these medications may compromise the performance of psychomotor skills important to the athlete (e.g. reaction time and visual discrimination). The newer, nonsedating antihistamines are equal to the standard agents in efficacy and comparable with placebo in central nervous system effects. Thus, psychomotor performance is not adversely affected by the newer antihistamines. Despite their widespread use, the effects of treatment with antihistamines on exercise performance (e.g. metabolic responses and time to exhaustion) have scarcely been addressed. The few studies available indicate that single oral administrations of antihistamines neither compromise nor enhance exercise performance or tolerance in asymptomatic individuals. Yet the research conducted has not examined the effects of antihistamine ingestion on exercise performance in symptomatic individuals. Whether treatment with an antihistamine would improve exercise performance relative to nontreatment in symptomatic, atopic athletes remains to be determined. Whereas there is a dearth of information on the effects of antihistamine medications on exercise performance, there is growing evidence that pretreatment with antihistamines may prevent or attenuate some exercise-induced histamine-mediated disorders such as urticaria, pruritus, anaphylaxis and gastrointestinal bleeding. A survey of studies suggests that prophylactic treatment with antihistamines may increase tolerance to exercise in individuals susceptible to these disorders.
Size selective DNA transport through a nanoporous membrane in a PDMS microfluidic device.

A microfluidic counter current dialysis device for size based purification of DNA is described. The device consists of two polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) channels separated by a track etched polycarbonate membrane with a 50 nm pore size. Recovery of fluorescein across the membrane was compared with 10 and 80 nucleotide (nt) ssDNA to characterize the device. Recovery of all three analytes improved with decreasing flow rate. Size selectivity was observed. Greater than 2-fold selectivity between 10 nt and 80 nt ssDNA was observed at linear velocities less than 3mm s−1. Increasing the ionic strength of the buffer increased transport across the membrane. Recovery of 80 nt ssDNA increased over 4-fold by adding 30mM NaCl to the buffer. The effect was size dependent as 10 nt showed a smaller increase while the recovery of fluorescein was largely unaffected by increasing the ionic strength of the buffer.
Derivation of Delaware Bay tidal parameters from space shuttle photography

The tide-related parameters of the Delaware Bay are derived from Space Shuttle time-series photographs. The water areas in the bay are measured from interpretation maps of the photographs with a CALCOMP 9100 digitizer and ERDAS Image Processing System. The corresponding tidal levels are calculated using the exposure time annotated on the photographs. From these data, an approximate function relating the water area to the tidal level at a reference point is determined. Based on the function, the water areas of the Delaware Bay at mean high water (MHW) and mean low water (MLW), below 0 m, and for the tidal zone are inferred. With MHW and MLW areas and the mean tidal range, we calculate the tidal influx of the Delaware Bay, which is 2.76 x 10 exp 9 cu m. The velocity of flood tide at the bay mouth is determined using the tidal flux and an integral of the velocity distribution function at the cross section between Cape Henlopen and Cape May. The result is 132 cm/s, which compares well with the data on tidal current charts.
Luteinizing hormone-releasing factor potentiates lordosis behavior in hypophysectomized ovariectomized female rats.

Subcutaneous injection of luteinizing hormone-releasing factor (LRF) in estrogen-primed hypophysectomized, ovariectomized female rats facilitates the appearance of the lordosis response. The LRF effect on lordosis was seen 90, 180, and 360 minutes after injection. This effect could help to synchronize the female9s mating behavior with the ovulatory discharge of luteinizing hormone.
Student‐recruited samples in organizational research: A review, analysis, and guidelines for future research

Student-recruited sampling, a technique involving the use of student recruiters to find participants on behalf of a researcher, has been increasingly used in organizational research; yet there has been little attempt to understand its implications for the conclusions scholars draw from research. In this study, we meta-analyse studies of engagement and perceptions of politics in order to examine whether student-recruited sampling leads to samples that differ from other samples and whether those differences result in different observed relationships between variables. We found that student-recruited samples were not substantively demographically different from non-student-recruited samples. Further, we found few differences in the observed correlations of student-recruited samples compared with non-student-recruited samples; the differences found would not lead to different practical conclusions from the findings. We discuss the implications of these results for future studies and provide guidance for researchers, reviewers, and editors regarding the use of student-recruited samples in organizational research.
Neuroendocrine effects of perfluorooctane sulfonate in rats

Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) is a degradation product of sulfonyl-based fluorochemicals that are used extensively in industrial and household applications. Humans and wildlife are exposed to this class of compounds from several sources. Toxicity tests in rodents have raised concerns about potential developmental, reproductive, and systemic effects of PFOS. However, the effect of PFOS on the neuroendocrine system has not been investigated thus far. In this study, adult female rats were injected intraperitoneally with 0, 1, or 10 mg PFOS/kg body weight (BW) for 2 weeks. Food and water intake, BW, and estrous cycles were monitored daily. At the end of treatment, PFOS levels in tissues were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) interfaced with electrospray mass spectrometry. Changes in brain monoamines were measured by HPLC with electrochemical detection, and serum corticosterone and leptin were monitored using radioimmunoassay. Treatment with PFOS produced a dose-dependent accumulation of this chemical in various body tissues, including the brain. PFOS exposure decreased food intake and BW in a dose-dependent manner. Treatment with PFOS affected estrous cyclicity and increased serum corticosterone levels while decreasing serum leptin concentrations. PFOS treatment also increased norepinephrine concentrations in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus. These results indicate that exposure to PFOS can affect the neuroendocrine system in rats.
On the factual basis of moral reasoning

(1979). On the factual basis of moral reasoning. Australasian Journal of Philosophy: Vol. 57, No. 2, pp. 157-162.
A Note on Polynomial Reduction

The reduction relation modulo a marked set of polynomials is Noetherian if and only if the marking is induced from an admissible term order.
Application of coupled-mode theory to nearly parallel waveguide systems

The improved coupled-mode theory is extended and applied to multiwaveguide systems consisting of any number of nonparallel guides, such as Y-junction laser arrays and directional couplers. The impact of the improved analysis on the design of devices containing nonparallel sections is illustrated by an example of Ti-indiffused LiNbO3 directional couplers. It is shown that the overall performance of the device may be significantly affected by the nonparallel sections.
Lyngbyaloside B, a new glycoside macrolide from a Palauan marine cyanobacterium, Lyngbya sp

A Palauan collection of the marine cyanobacterium Lyngbya sp., which had already afforded diverse peptide-based cytotoxins, also yielded a new glycoside macrolide exhibiting slight cytotoxicity. The compound was termed lyngbyaloside B (1) due to its structural analogy to the previously isolated lyngbyaloside (2). Lyngbyaloside B (1) appears to be only the third glycoside macrolide and second brominated compound of its kind from a marine cyanobacterium. Its gross structure was determined by a combination of NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometric techniques. The relative stereochemistry for the 12 stereocenters is proposed on the basis of proton-proton spin-coupling constants and ROESY data.
Electrocatalytic Activity and Stability of Pt clusters on State-of-the-Art Supports: A Review

Instability of supported Pt clusters due to limited bonding with conventional carbon supports and carbon dissolution leads to significant cathode performance losses with time, impeding the development of commercial proton exchange membrane fuel cells. One approach that has recently been gaining momentum is the use of the electrocatalyst support to enhance both the stability and activity of Pt clusters for the oxygen reduction reaction. This review article focuses on four support types: advanced carbons, conductive ceramics, metallic underlayers for Pt monolayer catalysts, and the 3M crystalline organic whiskers. Advantages and disadvantages of each support are summarized and promising future directions for research in this area are discussed.
Rapid cycling bipolar disorder: biology and pathogenesis

The rapid cycling (RC) pattern of a mood disorder is characterized by at least four affective episodes (manic, hypomanic or major depressive) during the last year; different episodes must be demarcated by a switch to an episode of opposite polarity or by a period of remission of at least 2 months. RC is very rare in unipolar patients; its prevalence, however, in bipolar patients is 10-30% with the majority being women (70-90%). Patients with RC usually suffer from bipolar II disorder with onset with a depressive episode. Genetic studies have not convincingly shown that the condition is genetically determined. Major abnormalities of thyroid function have not been shown to be related to RC, but recent studies propose that latent subclinical hypothyroidism might play a role in the acceleration of cycles. Perturbations of the circadian biological and social rhythms might influence the expression of RC. No major effect of the menstrual cycle has been found. Despite the absence of firm empirical data, the possible contribution of the kindling phenomenon on the acceleration of cycles cannot be excluded. Finally, there is evidence that RC can be induced by the use of antidepressant drugs, especially for women.
Fiber-optic sources for quantum communication

We present recent experimental progress towards demonstrating fiber-based sources of quadrature as well as polarization entanglement for quantum communication applications in the 1.5 µm band of standard telecommunication fiber.
Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor Receptor Regulation of Adult Forebrain Neurogenesis

Appropriately targeted manipulation of endogenous neural stem progenitor (NSP) cells may contribute to therapies for trauma, stroke, and neurodegenerative disease. A prerequisite to such therapies is a better understanding of the mechanisms regulating adult NSP cells in vivo. Indirect data suggest that endogenous ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) receptor signaling may inhibit neuronal differentiation of NSP cells. We challenged subventricular zone (SVZ) cells in vivo with low concentrations of CNTF to anatomically characterize cells containing functional CNTF receptors. We found that type B "stem" cells are highly responsive, whereas type C "transit-amplifying" cells and type A neuroblasts are remarkably unresponsive, as are GFAP(+) astrocytes found outside the SVZ. CNTF was identified in a subset of type B cells that label with acute BrdU administration. Disruption of in vivo CNTF receptor signaling in SVZ NSP cells, with a "floxed" CNTF receptor α (CNTFRα) mouse line and a gene construct driving Cre recombinase (Cre) expression in NSP cells, led to increases in SVZ-associated neuroblasts and new olfactory bulb neurons, as well as a neuron subtype-specific, adult-onset increase in olfactory bulb neuron populations. Adult-onset receptor disruption in SVZ NSP cells with a recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV-Cre) also led to increased neurogenesis. However, the maintenance of type B cell populations was apparently unaffected by the receptor disruption. Together, the data suggest that endogenous CNTF receptor signaling in type B stem cells inhibits adult neurogenesis, and further suggest that the regulation may occur in a neuron subtype-specific manner.
Evidence for an intestinal Na+: Sugar transport coupling stoichiometry of 2.0

Abstract Membrane potentials maintained by normally-energized intestinal epithelium interfere with an accurate determination of the Na + : sugar coupling stoichiometry associated with Na + -dependent transport systems. The interference is due to the fact that basal Na + influx is itself a potential-dependent event, and sugar transport induces a membrane depolarization which therefore modifies basal Na + entry. New information obtained under circumstances in which the membrane potential is maintained near 0 indicates that the true coupling stoichiometry is 2:1 rather than the commonly-accepted value of 1:1. A 2:1 stoichiometry means that cellular electrochemical Na + gradients are adequate to account for recently observed 70-fold sugar gradients maintained by these cells under certain conditions.
Impact Induced Fracture in a Laminated Composite

Experimental data of the three-dimensional problem of impact of a flat strip by a spherical impactor are presented and interpreted qualitatively by comparison with a plane-strain numerical analysis of an infinitely wide plate impacted by a cylindrical impactor. The role of transverse shear stress in proximal and middle layer crack initiation is established. A detailed presentation of damage is provided with exact delamination zones. The basic conclusions drawn establish a basis for further research in understanding impact induced fracture in composites.
Horizontal structure of 500 mb height fluctuations with long, intermediate and short time scales

Abstract Maps of standard deviations and one-point correlation maps based on twice-daily data subjected to a variety of temporal filters are presented, in order to document the horizontal structure of 500 mb height fluctuations with different time scales. The filters have been chosen to isolate fluctuations with long time scales (periods much longer than 30 days), intermediate time scales (10–30 day periods) and short time scales (2.5–6 day periods). The one-point correlation maps for long time scales resemble the teleconnection patterns described by Wallace and Cutzler. These patterns are strongly regionally dependent, with meridionally oriented dipole structures in the jet exit regions over the oceans, indicative of strong fluctuations in the zonal wind. For intermediate time scales, the dominant patterns consist of more zonally oriented wave trains which originate in the jet entrance regions and cross the jet streams as they curve southeastward into the tropics. Another important distinction between th...
Collapse of a simply supported circular plate under two uniform loads

Abstract Bending of a simply supported circular plate under two uniform normal loads of different magnitudes in the central region and outer annulus is considered. A rigid, perfectly plastic material is assumed which obeys the Tresca yield condition. Exact solutions are determined in terms of the radial and circumferential bending moments. A complete two-parameter collapse-load diagram is constructed which is piecewise regular. A variety of collapse mechanisms is exhibited for various ratios of the loads. In particular, a “two-way” deflection mode is found—the plate can deflect either “up” or “down” at a certain ratio of opposing loads. A new result of special significance is shown—portions of some stress trajectories lie within the rigid-domain bounded by the yield surface.
Existing muon beams at LAMPF

The Stopped Muon Channel (SMC) at LAMPF is heavily used for a variety of muon experiments: (1) Muon Catalyzed Fusion (μCF), Muon Spin Rotation (μSR), and Muonic X-rays using decay muon beams; (2) Muon Level-Crossing Resonance (μLCR), Rare Decays, and Muonium Hyperfine Structure & Muon Magnetic Moment using surface muon beams; (3) Laser Polarized Muonic Atoms using cloud beams.
Treatment of a large superficial basal cell carcinoma with 5% imiquimod: a case report and review of the literature.

Background. Large superficial basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) may be difficult to treat surgically due to the potentially large resulting defect after removal. Imiquimod, an immune response modifier, when applied topically, has been demonstrated to be successful in treating superficial BCCs. There is no published experience on the treatment of larger superficial BCCs (greater than 2 cms2) with imiquimod at this time. Objective. To assess the clinical and histologic regression, as well as the short- and long-term effects of topical imiquimod on large superficial BCC. method. A 52-year-old white female with a 30 cm2 biopsy proven superficial BCC of 28 years duration on the right dorsal arm was treated with 5% imiquimod three times a week for 12 weeks. Clinical follow-up was conducted 1, 4, 6, and 10 months after treatment, as well as histologic assessment of recurrence at 4 months after treatment. Results. Apparent clinical and histologic clearance was achieved. The treatment was well-tolerated and the patient completed the treatment schedule without a rest period, despite erosion of the lesion in the last week of treatment. Conclusion. This report describes the first case of a large superficial BCC (30 cm2) successfully treated with topical imiquimod and with a 10 month follow-up.
Designing effective Internet assignments in introductory technical communication courses

The article discusses how assignments using the Internet can be integrated in an introductory technical communication course without compromising two fundamental pedagogical goals of the course: teaching students how to gather data and how to evaluate it. Three traditional introductory technical communication course assignments (instructions, literature review, and analytical report) that utilize Internet resources to achieve these two goals are described.
The miscibility and phase behavior of polyethylene with poly(dimethylsiloxane) in near-critical pentane

Miscibility and phase behavior of solutions of polyethylene (PE) and poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) mixtures in near-critical n-pentane have been investigated in a special variable-volume view-cell equipped with a computerized data acquisition system. This is a study on dissolving mutually incompatible polymers in a common solvent at high pressures. The fluid-fluid and fluid-solid demixing pressures of the solutions were determined for different polymer concentrations (5% PE, 5% PE+1% PDMS, 5% PE+2% PDMS and 5% PE+5% PDMS). In the PE+n-pentane solutions, the system shows LCST (lower critical solution temperature) type behavior and the fluid-fluid demixing pressures increase with increasing temperature. The PE+PDMS+n-pentane systems, however, show UCST (upper critical solution temperature) type behavior and the fluid-fluid demixing pressures decrease with increasing temperature. Even with small addition of PDMS to PE, the demixing pressures show dramatic increases compared to the demixing pressures of PE alone. At high PDMS concentrations (5% PDMS), complete miscibility could not be achieved at pressures up to 70 MPa. The fluid-solid boundary that is associated with the melting or crystallization of PE was also studied as a function of cooling and heating rates. It is shown that these temperatures tend to approach the same value in the limit of very low heating and cooling rates.
Analyzing interpersonal conflict: Nature of awareness, type of initiating event, situational perceptions, and management styles

This study explored the interrelationships among three sets of variables: situational perceptions, conflict management styles, and two factors reflecting the initiation of conflict (i.e., nature of awareness and type of initiating event). While styles were not related to either initiating factor, the data indicated that the nature of awareness and the type of initiating event were related to one another and that several situational perceptions were related to these initiating factors. Analyses confirmed that situational perceptions provided a more powerful account of styles than did the initiating factors. This study also examined the associations between two methods of measuring situational perceptions and two prominent conflict management typologies. Results mostly confirmed hypotheses. With one exception, five Likert‐type measures of situational perceptions were positively related to measures developed from open‐ended descriptions of the conflict. Open‐ended measures of three types of “problem‐solving ...
Evaluation of the presence of a specific histocompatibility protein on equine embryonic cells.

Summary. An indirect immunofluorescence assay was used to detect the presence of H-Y antigen on equine blastocysts. A total of 33 blastocyst stage horse embryos were collected 6 to 7 days post-ovulation by trans-cervical flush and were immediately evaluated for the presence of H-Y antigen. Additionally, 17 embryos, were collected and cultured for 72h to the expanded blastocyst stage and similarly evaluated. Embryos were placed in medium containing monoclonal antibodies to H-Y antigen followed by incubation in medium containing 1/10 (v/v) fluorescein isothiocyanate conjugated goat anti-mouse IgM Fc specific antiserum. Embryos were individually evaluated at 400x to identify cell specific fluorescence. Following evaluation, embryonic sex was independently verified with karyotypes to identify sex chromosomes. Of the 50 embryos evaluated, 29 were evaluated as non-fluorescent and 21 fluorescent. Expression of H-Y antigen was determined to be uniform in those embryos classified as fluorescent. Twenty-three of 28 (82%) readable karyotypes corresponded to the predicted sex. These results indicate a specific histocompatibility antigen is expressed and maintained at the blastocyst stage of development. In addition, no segregation of this protein on specific cell types occurs in this species.
Semiconducting properties of barium titanate and iron substituted barium titanate

Abstract Single crystals of barium titanate and members of the series BaTi 1−x Fe x O 3−x F x have been grown from a potassium fluoride flux. These crystals were made conductive by heating in a sealed evacuated silica tube in the presence of freshly ground titanium. Electrical, optical and magnetic measurements were performed in order to characterize these crystals. Optical measurements indicated a decrease in the band edge from 3.2(1) eV for barium titanate to 2.8(1) eV for Bati 1−x Fe x O 3−x F x (x = 0.02, 0.05, 0.07, 0.10). The photoelectrolytic behavior of reduced barium titanate was strongly quenched upon the substitution of iron and fluorine.
English-Chinese CLIR using a simplified PIRCS system

A GUI is presented with our PIRCS retrieval system for supporting English-Chinese cross language information retrieval. The query translation approach is employed using the LDC bilingual wordlist. Given an English query, different translation methods and their retrieval results can be demonstrated.
Bourdieu and Science Studies: Toward a Reflexive Sociology

Two of Bourdieu’s fundamental contributions to science studies—the reflexive analysis of the social and human sciences and the concept of an intellectual field—are used to frame a reflexive study of the history and social studies of science and technology as an intellectual field in the United States. The universe of large, Ph.D.-granting graduate programs is studied in two parts. In the first analysis, relations between institutional position and disciplinary type are explored by department. A positive correlation exists between historians of science and institutional position (as higher prestige or capital). In the second analysis, attention to intellectual tastes for research topics is explored at an individual level with respect to departmental position and the individual’s discipline and gender. Scholars in nonelite history of science departments have low field interest in democracy, social movements, or public participation; environment or sustainability; and gender, race, or sexuality; whereas those in history of technology programs and nonelite STS programs have a higher field interest in those areas, and historians of technology have a higher interest in class or labor issues. Among social scientists, there is a higher interest among scholars in nonelite programs in environment or sustainability and in democracy, social movements, or public participation.
Serological Response of and Pathogenesis of Salmonella pullorum in the Growing Chicken

ABSTRACT SINCE pullorum disease was first described by Rettger (1900) many studies have been made in an attempt to control and eradicate the disease. Rettger, Kirkpatrick and Stoneburn (1912) established that there was a definite cycle of infection. They stated that the original source of infection was the ovary of the laying hen or infected food and water. Doyle and Mathews (1928) stated that in chicks the liver was the most constant seat of gross lesions and next in order of incidence were the lungs, heart, gizzard and ceca. Kernkamp (1929) and Emmel (1930) also found that in chicks the liver was the most constant seat of lesions and the Salmonella pullorum organism. Rettger and Plastridge (1932) reported that S. pullorum may be present in all of the internal organs of infected chicks. Salmonella pullorum was isolated from pericardial fluid and cysts in the peritoneal cavity of both adult males and . . .
Synthetic experiments related to the indole alkaloids V. mercuric acetate oxidation of 2-[2-(3-indolyl)ethyl]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolines and the formation of benz[a]indolo[3,2-h]quinolizine derivatives

Oxidation of 2-[2-(3-indolyl)ethyl]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline (I) with mercuric acetate gave 5,6,8,9,14,14b-hexahydrobenz[a]indolo[3,2-h]quinolizine (IV) and 8,9-dihydro-14H-benz[a]indolo[3,2-h]quinolizin-7-ium iodide (VI), as well as starting material. The base (IV) was oxidized with iodine and potassium acetate to VI and on Palladium carbon - maleic acid dehydrogenation yielded 5,6-dihydro-14H-benz[a]indolo[3,2-h]-quinolizin-7-ium iodide (IX), and 14H-benz[a]indolo[3,2-h]quinolizin-7-ium iodide (X). Heating the iodide (VI) with Palladium-carbon brought about an irreversible rearrangement to VII and both these salts with base yielded the red anhydro base 8, 9-dihydrobenz[a]indolo[3,2-h]quinolizine (VIII). This base was also obtained from IV by oxidation in air. The corresponding 8, 9-dehydroanhydro base (XI), benz[a]indolo[3,2-h]quinolizine, was readily obtained from X and alkali. The quinolizinium salts (VI), (VII), and (IX), on catalytic, zinc dust and acetic acid, or sodium borohydride reduction, regenerated the base (IV). Selenium degradation of IV gave, among other products, 1-(2-ethylphenyl)-β-carboline. An analogous series of products was obtained with the 6, 7-dimethoxy derivative of I. Various other aspects of these and related transformations are described.
A comparative study of permeabilization induced by extracellular ATP and by Sendai virus

Abstract Both Sendai virus and extracellular ATP induce membrane changes in 3T6 cells which allow passage of phosphorylated metabolites and normally impermeant aqueous solutes. The two processes share many features in common, including their kinetics and the effects of temperature, Ca 2+ , and various metabolic inhibitors. Furthermore, in each case permeabilization is preceded by net changes in intracellular cations. However, there are significant differences in that only ATP-dependent permeabilization is influenced by changes in the ionic strength of the medium, by inhibition of the Na + , K + , Cl − cotransporter and by preincubation of 3T6 cells with dithiothreitol.
SURGICAL REVISION OF THE INCOMPETENNT URETEROVESICAL JUNCTION: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF TECHNIQUES AND REQUIREMENTS

SUMMARY Current knowledge and better understanding of the pathophysiology of the incompetent ureterovesical junction and the accumulated experience with the various surgical techniques for its revision have made it possible to clarify the basic requirements for successful repair. The length of the intravesical ureter alone does not determine the competence of the uretero-vesical junction. Excision of the distal ureteral segment improves the quality of the musculature at the newly formed ureteral orifice and of the intravesical ureter. This should be an integral part of any technique. It is feasible and in fact imperative to over-correct all the anatomical aberrations in the ureterovesical junction which occurred as a result of the developmental muscular deficiency of the trigone and intravesical ureter. There are three basic approaches to achieve this anatomical reconstruction: (a) The suprahiatal approaches of Politano-Leadbetter and Paquin. (b) Williams advancement principle with the development of subtrigonal tunnel. (c) A combination of the above two. Whenever properly indicated, any of these principles will satisfy all the requirements of an ideal repair. The anatomical and functional achievements of these three approaches are basically the same. Markedly dilated ureters should be tailored to normal or near normal calibre. With substantially impaired kidney function associated with redundant dilated ureters, preliminary drainage, preferably obtained by loop ureterostomy, is indicated. The revised ureterovesical junction will never duplicate the normal one, but should offer the essential features of allowing free drainage from the ureter to the bladder while preventing regurgitation in the reverse direction.
Intracerebral hemorrhage: An unusual presentation of neurosarcoidosis

Neurosarcoidosis has a variety of clinical presentations. Common manifestations include leptomeningeal inflammation with seizures, headache, cranial nerve palsies, hydrocephalus, or focal neurological deficits with white matter lesions or mass lesions. Stroke is relatively rare, and hemorrhage is mu
Squamous metastases from prostatic adenocarcinoma.

Two patients with prostatic adenocarcinoma are reported whose metastases harbored large foci of squamous cell carcinoma. The prostatic origin of such areas was proven by immunoperoxidase staining for prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) as well as the identification of transition zones between adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. The possible role of estrogen therapy in inducing the squamous change is discussed.
Rent seeking and the welfare cost of trade barriers

This paper estimates the potential social cost of trade barriers using the Harberger and the Tullock/Posner approaches for a sample of U.S. food and tobacco manufacturing industries. In addition, it tests the relationship between the computed welfare losses and special-interest political activity (PAC contributions). If all rents were dissipated through rent seeking, the social cost of trade barriers would be about 12.5 percent of domestic consumption and would be particularly large for sugar and milk products where quotas are the main instrument of protection. Furthermore, the results indicate that welfare losses are positively associated with industry lobbying but the strength of such association is strongly dependent on industry concentration.
Post-Configuration Testing of Asynchronous Nanowire Crossbar Architecture

An asynchronous nanowire crossbar architecture has been recently proposed to eliminate the clock distribution network from conventional clocked counterpart. The proposed clock-free architecture is envisioned to enhance the manufacturability with simpler periodic structure and to improve the robustness by removing various timing-related failure modes. Even though the proposed clock-free architecture has numerous merits over its clocked counterpart, it is still not free from high defect rates induced by nondeterministic nanoscale assembly. In order to address this issue, our research team has been working on developing test schemes for effective mapping of threshold gates onto programmable gate macro blocks (PGMB). We have come up with a novel functional test approach which uses prioritized input tuples to effectively stimulate coinciding defects in configured PGMB. Numerous preliminary plots and results obtained till date prove that this scheme can be used to achieve high test efficiency for any threshold gate. The main motivation behind this research is to propose a comprehensive test scheme which can achieve high enough test coverage with acceptable test overhead. Parametric simulation results using MATLAB have been used to show potential performance of this testing scheme.