cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Universal interacting crossover regime in two-dimensional quantum dots

Interacting electrons in quantum dots with large Thouless number $g$ in the three classical random matrix symmetry classes are well understood. When a specific type of spin-orbit coupling known to be dominant in two-dimensional semiconductor quantum dots is introduced, we show that an interacting quantum critical crossover energy scale emerges and low-energy quasiparticles generically have a decay width proportional to their energy. The low-energy physics of this system is an example of a universal interacting crossover regime.
Seasonal dynamics of tree growth, physiology, and resin defenses in a northern Arizona ponderosa pine forest

During periods of resource stress, such as drought, allocating limited photosynthate between growth and defense is a crucial component of tree survival. Our objectives were to describe the seasonal...
Effects of a University Career Development Course on Career Decision-Making Self-Efficacy:

The effects of a career development course on career decision-making self-efficacy were investigated. The course was primarily designed to help undecided students with career decision making. A pretest-posttest nonequivalent group design compared students who completed the course (n = 30) with a quasi-control group of students who were enrolled in an introductory psychology course (n = 66). The results indicated that students who completed the career course showed increased career decision-making self-efficacy overall, specifically in the areas of obtaining occupational information, setting career goals, and career planning. The career course also appeared to lower perceived career decision difficulties. The importance of having a theoretically based career course and the increased need for research in this area are discussed, given the increase in the popularity of career services on college and university campuses. Limitations and future studies are discussed.
Dynamics of origination and extinction in the marine fossil record

The discipline-wide effort to database the fossil record at the occurrence level has made it possible to estimate marine invertebrate extinction and origination rates with much greater accuracy. The new data show that two biotic mechanisms have hastened recoveries from mass extinctions and confined diversity to a relatively narrow range over the past 500 million years (Myr). First, a drop in diversity of any size correlates with low extinction rates immediately afterward, so much so that extinction would almost come to a halt if diversity dropped by 90%. Second, very high extinction rates are followed by equally high origination rates. The two relationships predict that the rebound from the current mass extinction will take at least 10 Myr, and perhaps 40 Myr if it rivals the Permo-Triassic catastrophe. Regardless, any large event will result in a dramatic ecological and taxonomic restructuring of the biosphere. The data also confirm that extinction and origination rates both declined through the Phanerozoic and that several extinctions in addition to the Permo-Triassic event were particularly severe. However, the trend may be driven by taxonomic biases and the rates vary in accord with a simple log normal distribution, so there is no sharp distinction between background and mass extinctions. Furthermore, the lack of any significant autocorrelation in the data is inconsistent with macroevolutionary theories of periodicity or self-organized criticality.
Changes in neuronal activity in the cochlear nucleus as a function of classical and instrumental conditioning

Multiple-unit neuronal responses were recorded from the cochlear nucleus of five cats during classical and instrumental conditioning. For two of the Ss, complex neuronal responses were observed during instrumental conditioning, while a simple response was observed during classical conditioning. Extinction of neuronal responses after each training procedure also differed.
In vitro hybridization of lactate dehydrogenase in the presence of arsenate and nitrate ions

Abstract It is well established that in vitro hybridization of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) can be accomplished most readily by freezing and thawing a mixture of isozymes in neutral phosphate buffer containing salts of the various halides (except fluoride). Al-though recombination of LDH subunits has been observed to occur in saturated NaCl or during reversal of urea denaturation in phosphate buffer, neither of these methods approaches the reliability and efficiency of the “salt-freeze” technique. The mechanism of in vitro hybridization remains unclear, but the ionic environment is of critical importance. We now report that hybridization of LDH isozymes can be accomplished both in neutral NaHAsO 4 -HCl and in NaNO 3 -NaOH systems with the same degree of efficiency and reliability as in the classical phosphate system. Furthermore, the ability of various ions to promote in vitro hybridization parallels to some degree their ability to alter the structure (e.g., denature) of various types of macromolecules. However, a detailed examination of the properties of LDH, such as thermal stability, in environments conducive to hybridization reveals no obvious general relationship between the ability of a given ion to promote hybridization and its ability to alter protein structure.
Infection of mice with influenza A/WSN/33 (H1N1) virus alters alveolar type II cell phenotype

Influenza viruses cause acute respiratory disease of great importance to public health. Alveolar type II (ATII) respiratory epithelial cells are central to normal lung function and are a site of in...
The dynamic nature of motivation during the task: can it be captured?

Abstract As part of a larger longitudinal research study that investigated Spanish heritage language speakers' motivation in relation to the Spanish course they were enrolled in, the present study explores task motivation with a focus on (a) the occurrence of motivational processes and (b) motivational fluctuation throughout task performance. To investigate these issues, this study employed an innovative qualitative approach to task motivation based on Dornyei's process model of motivation that included the use of think-aloud protocols. Twenty Spanish heritage language speakers completed a semi-guided writing task during which they had to think aloud. Qualitative analysis of the verbalizations revealed that appraisal and action control processes did indeed take place during the actional phase, as posed by the process model, and showed how participants cope with the task and the environment. As a result, these analyses exposed the motivational paths followed by participants in the task writing process and ...
Randomized controlled trial of early (EI) versus late (LI) enteral iron supplementation in infants with a birth weight < 1300g not receiving erythropoietin under a restrictive red cell transfusion (RCT) protocol

Randomized controlled trial of early (EI) versus late (LI) enteral iron supplementation in infants with a birth weight < 1300g not receiving erythropoietin under a restrictive red cell transfusion (RCT) protocol
Job's syndrome presenting with a tension pneumothorax and a lung abscess.

Hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome also known as ‘Job’s syndrome, is a rare condition of immunodeficiency characterized by recurrent skin and pulmonary infections. We present a case of hyperimmunoglobulin E Syndrome with advanced pulmonary complications presenting with a tension pneumothorax and a large lung abscess. (Published: 25 November 2014) Citation: Journal of Community Hospital Internal Medicine Perspectives 2014, 4 : 25120 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/jchimp.v4.25120
Ambient Air Toxics and Asthma Prevalence among a Representative Sample of US Kindergarten-Age Children

Background Criteria pollutants have been associated with exacerbation of children’s asthma, but the role of air toxics in relation to asthma is less clear. Our objective was to evaluate whether exposure to outdoor air toxics in early childhood increased asthma risk or severity. Methods Air toxics exposure was estimated using the 2002 National Air toxics Assessment (NATA) and linked to longitudinal data (n=6950) from a representative sample of US children born in 2001 and followed through kindergarten-age in the Early Child Longitudinal Study - Birth Cohort (ECLS-B). Results Overall, 17.7% of 5.5 year-olds had ever been told by a healthcare professional they had asthma, and 6.8% had been hospitalized or visited an emergency room for an asthma attack. Higher rates of asthma were observed among boys (20.1%), low-income (24.8%), and non-Hispanic black children (30.0%) (p≤0.05). Air toxics exposure was greater for minority race/ethnicity (p 0.05). In adjusted logistic regression models, children exposed to the highest respiratory hazard index were not more likely to have asthma compared to those exposed to the lowest respiratory hazard index of total, onroad sources, or diesel PM. Conclusions Early childhood exposure to outdoor air toxics in a national sample has not previously been studied relative to children’s asthma. Within the constraints of the study, we found no evidence that early childhood exposure to outdoor air toxics increased risk for asthma. As has been previously reported, it is evident that there are environmental justice and disparity concerns for exposure to air toxics and asthma prevalence in US children.
Neurologic aspects of cardiac emergencies.

Abstract In this review, cardiac arrest is discussed, with a focus on neuroprognostication and the emerging data, with regard to identifying more accurate predictors of neurologic outcomes in the era of therapeutic hypothermia. Topics discussed include recent controversies with regard to targeted temperature management in comatose survivors of cardiac arrest; neurologic complications associated with surgical disease and procedures, namely aortic dissection, infective endocarditis, left ventricular assist devices, and coronary artery bypass grafting; and the cause, pathogenesis, and management of neurogenic stunned myocardium.
The Role of the Intestinal Tract as a Reservoir and Source for Transmission of Nosocomial Pathogens

The intestinal tract provides an important reservoir for many nosocomial pathogens, including Enterococcus species, Enterobacteriaciae, Clostridium difficile, and Candida species. These organisms share several common risk factors and often coexist in the intestinal tract. Disruption of normal barriers, such as gastric acidity and the indigenous microflora of the colon, facilitates overgrowth of pathogens. Factors such as fecal incontinence and diarrhea contribute to the subsequent dissemination of pathogens into the health care environment. Selective pressure exerted by antibiotics plays a particularly important role in pathogen colonization, and adverse effects associated with these agents often persist beyond the period of treatment. Infection-control measures that are implemented to control individual pathogens may have a positive or negative impact on efforts to control other pathogens that colonize the intestinal tract.
An Exploratory Analysis of the Occurrence of Explosive Volcanism in the Northern Hemisphere, 1851-1985

Abstract Studies of regional climate following volcanic eruptions suggest that explosive volcanism exerts a short-term cooling effect. To understand the effects of explosive volcanism on historic temperatures, it is necessary to identify changes through time in the frequency of explosive eruptions. This article presents an exploratory analysis of a record of explosive eruptions in the Northern Hemisphere over the period 1851–1985. This record is modeled as a nonstationary Poisson process and the intensity function is estimated by kernel smoothing. Approximate confidence bands are constructed and diagnostics for checking the Poisson assumption are described. A comparison with a record of Northern Hemisphere temperatures indicates that part of the variability in temperature can be explained by variations in explosive volcanic activity.
Student Satisfaction with Electronic Library Resources at Wayne State University.

ABSTRACT This paper reports the results of a survey of student satisfaction with electronic library resources other than the online catalog at Wayne State University. Undertaken in Fall Term 2000 as a class project for a marketing course, a student team designed, administered, and analyzed a survey of a random sample of students. Almost 40% of the responding students said that they were unaware of electronic resources though 53.8% of these same students answered subsequent questions about use of these resources. Students aware of electronic resources learned about them much more from their professors (38.3%) than from library efforts to publicize them (18.5%). Students were generally satisfied (68%) except when things went wrong. A high percentage of all students (92.4%) answered that the library should continue to expand electronic resources.
Ribonuclease-Gold Labels Heparin in Human Mast Cell Granules: New Use for an Ultrastructural Enzyme Affinity Technique

We evaluated an enzyme affinity-gold ultrastructural technique designed to identify RNA-rich structures, based on an RNase-gold (R-G) probe in human mast cells (HMCs). As expected, the R-G techniqu...
Parallel Multigrid Solver for 3D Unstructured Finite Element Problems

Multigrid is a popular solution method for the system of linear algebraic equations that arise from PDEs discretized with the finite element method. The application of multigrid to unstructured grid problems, however, is not well developed. We discuss a method, that uses many of the same techniques as the finite element method itself, to apply standard multigrid algorithms to unstructured finite element problems. We use maximal independent sets (MISs) as a mechanism to automatically coarsen unstructured grids; the inherent flexibility in the selection of an MIS allows for the use of heuristics to improve their effectiveness for a multigrid solver. We present parallel algorithms, based on geometric heuristics, to optimize the quality of MISs and the meshes constructed from them, for use in multigrid solvers for 3D unstructured problems. We conduct scalability studies that demonstrate the effectiveness of our methods on a problem in large deformation elasticity and plasticity of up to 40 million degrees of freedom on 960 processor IBM PowerPC 4-way SMP cluster with about 60% parallel efficiency.
Genetic Comparison of Naturalized Rainbow Trout Populations among Lake Superior Tributaries: Differentiation Based on Allozyme Data

Allelic frequencies at 27 polymorphic allozyme loci were compared among 15 col- lections of naturalized migratory rainbow trout Salmo gairdneri sampled from 10 stream drainages leading to Lake Superior. Multiple collections were made within the Brule River drainage in Wisconsin: one of spring-run spawning adults, one of fall-run adults, and four from Brule River tributaries. Significant allele frequency differences were observed among the 15 collections for 13 out of 21 loci examined (P < 0.05). Statistically significant differences occurred among rainbow trout from different drainages and among the four site-specific samples from Brule River tributaries. No significant differences in allelic frequencies occurred between fall-run and spring-run adult fish. Genetic fixation values Ft indicated that about 2.6% of the total genetic variation occurred among the 10 drainages and that about 2.1% occurred among the six Brule River samples. Groups of collections identified by cluster analysis of genetic distances usually contained samples that were geographically proximate, except where the number of adult spawners was believed to be less than 50. The level of population differentiation reported here for Lake Superior was less than that previously reported for native rainbow trout populations from Pacific coastal drainages or that observed for introduced brown trout resident along the south shore of Lake Superior. The spatial units of focus for management of rainbow trout in Lake Superior should be groups of geographically proximate small streams, and possibly individual large drainage systems.
Cervical vertebral trabecular bone mineral density in Great Danes with and without osseous-associated cervical spondylomyelopathy

Background: Great Danes (GDs) with osseous-associated cervical spondylomyelopathy (CSM) have osteoarthritis (OA) of the cervical vertebrae. OA is often associated with increases in bone mineral density (BMD) in people and dogs. Hypothesis/Objectives: To compare the trabecular BMD of the cervical vertebrae between clinically normal (control) GDs and GDs with osseous-associated CSM by using computed tomography (CT). We hypothesized that the vertebral trabecular BMD of CSM-affected GDs would be higher than that of control GDs. Animals: Client-owned GDs: 12 controls, 10 CSM affected. Methods: Prospective study. CT of the cervical vertebral column was obtained alongside a calibration phantom. By placing a circular region of interest at the articular process joints, vertebral body, pedicles, and within each rod of the calibration phantom, trabecular BMD was measured in Hounsfield units, which were converted to diphosphate equivalent densities. Trabecular BMD measurements were compared between CSM-affected and control dogs, and between males and females within the control group. Results: Differences between CSM-affected and control dogs were not significant for the articular processes (mean = 39; P = .37; 95% CI: 102 to 24), vertebral bodies (mean = 62; P = .08; 95% CI: 129 to 6), or pedicles (mean = 36; P = .51; 95% CI: 105 to 33). Differences between female and male were not significant. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: This study revealed no difference in BMD between control and CSM-affected GDs. Based on our findings no association was detected between cervical OA and BMD in GDs with CSM.
Some determinants of latency of off-response to electrical field stimulation in circular layer of smooth muscle of opossum esophagus

Abstract Transverse strips from smooth muscle of opossum esophagus were subjected to electrical field stimulation of intramural nerves to study the latency of the off-response. Latency is the time from the end of the stimulus train to the beginning of the off-response. Latency increased from one end of the smooth muscle segment to the other; it was shortest proximally and longest distally. Variables altering this latency gradient were sought. Strip width and tension had no effect (P > 0.02). Longer stimulation trains shortened latency (P −4 M; d-tubocurarine, 1 × 10 −4 M; bethanechol, 5 × 10 −7 M; carbachol, 5 × 10 −7 M; physostigmine, 1 × 10 −7 M; propranolol, 1 × 10 −6 M; tolazoline, 5 × 10 −6 M; norepinephrine, 1 × 10 −5 M; isoproterenol, 1 × 10 −6 M; and dopamine, 1 × 10 −4 M. Increased potassium concentrations shortened latency, and decreased potassium concentrations lengthened it (P 0.02).
Metallic Postoperative Artifacts on Cervical MR

Spectroscopy of cervical diskectomy specimens obtained from sheep demonstrated that metallic susceptibility artifacts are produced by microscopic amounts of nickel, copper, and zinc. Sufficient quantities of metals to produce artifacts are deposited only by contact of metal drill bits and suction tips. If these instruments do not come in contact during surgery, susceptibility artifacts are not observed.
Sagebrush Response to Conifer Cover

Sagebrush habitat is declining throughout the United States. This can have negative impacts for big game as well as other wildlife species. The purpose of our research was to analyze the relationship between several abiotic factors and the cover of two conifer species, Douglas-fir ( Pseudotsuga menziesii ) and Rocky Mountain juniper ( Juniperus scopulorum ), on the cover of Wyoming ( Artemisia tridentata spp. wyomingensis ) and mountain ( Artemisia tridentata spp. Vaseyana ) big sagebrush. Abiotic factors, percent cover of sagebrush and conifers, and individual conifer age and canopy area were recorded at 40 Wyoming and 40 mountain big sagebrush plots at each of three study sites in southwest Montana (n = 240). No correlation was found between any abiotic factor and live sagebrush cover over all sites (p>0.05). A model of the relationship between the combined cover of the two conifer species and the two subspecies of big sagebrush was developed. The best-fit model included the terms: study site, sagebrush subspecies, and the interaction, study site by sagebrush subspecies as the independent variables, with as the dependent variable ( = Intercept i – 0.401 ; R 2 = 0.61). There was a negative relationship between conifer cover and sagebrush cover and no difference in the effects of conifer cover on the two sagebrush subspecies. Validation trials were successful at one of three locations outside the study area and suggested that the model is better suited to lower elevation, less productive sites. Individual Douglas-fir have a 3 fold larger canopy area than Rocky Mountain juniper at comparable ages (p<0.001). Controlling conifers to increase Wyoming big sagebrush does not appear to be effective due to the low level of sagebrush cover. If conifer control is desired, Douglas-fir should be targeted over Rocky Mountain juniper on mountain big sagebrush sites, but not on Wyoming big sagebrush sites.
Maternal cardiovascular dynamics. IV. The influence of gestational age on the maternal cardiovascular response to posture and exercise.

Abstract Serial hemodynamic evaluations were carried out in 11 patients during pregnancy and the postpartum period. The patients were studied at rest in the supine, lateral, and sitting positions as well as during and after exercise on a bicycle ergometer. The cardiac output was found to be elevated to peak levels as early as 20 to 24 weeks of gestation and was maintained at this high level through the thirty-second week of gestation. At 38 to 40 weeks there was a decline in cardiac output in all positions. This fall was most pronounced in the supine position, in which the cardiac output was found to be lower than in the same position during the postpartum period. The heart rate increased only slightly during early gestation but continued to rise throughout pregnancy in the supine and lateral positions. Accordingly, The stroke volume showed a progressive decline from 20 to 24 weeks of gestation to term. The cardiovascular response to mild exercise was constant throughout pregnancy and similar to that encountered in nonpregnant individuals. However, moderate exercise indicated there is a progressive decline in circulatory reserve as pregnancy advances. This is not attributed to any change in cardiac function but rather to peripheral pooling of blood and obstruction to venous return by the large gravid uterus. Following exercise cardiovascular function returned to resting levels with equal rapidity during pregnancy and post partum.
Electronic cigarette use and indoor air quality in a natural setting

Introduction Secondhand smoke (SHS) from combustible cigarettes causes numerous diseases. Policies have been developed to prevent SHS exposure from indoor cigarette use to reduce health risks to non-smokers. However, fewer policies have been implemented to deter electronic cigarette (ECIG) use indoors, and limited research has examined the impact of secondhand exposure to ECIG aerosol. Methods Indoor air quality was measured at a 2-day ECIG event held in a large room at a hotel. Fine particulate matter (PM) was measured using 2 devices that measured concentrations of PM 2.5 μm aerodynamic diameter or smaller (PM 2.5 ). Measurements were taken before the event, over 2 days when the event was ongoing, and the day after the event. PM 2.5 measurements were also taken from the restaurant at the hotel hosting the event and a restaurant at a nearby hotel. Results During 6 time points when the event was ongoing, between 59 and 86 active ECIG users were present in the event room (room volume=4023 m 3 ). While the event was ongoing, median PM 2.5 concentrations in the event room increased from a baseline of 1.92–3.20 μg/m 3 to concentrations that ranged from 311.68 μg/m 3 (IQR 253.44–411.84 μg/m 3 ) to 818.88 μg/m 3 (IQR 760.64–975.04 μg/m 3 ). Conclusions PM 2.5 concentrations observed at the ECIG event were higher than concentrations reported previously in hookah cafes and bars that allow cigarette smoking. This study indicates that indoor ECIG use exposes non-users to secondhand ECIG aerosol. Regulatory bodies should consider establishing policies that prohibit ECIG use anywhere combustible cigarette use is prohibited.
Deletion Mapping of the λ REX Gene

Deletion mapping has been used to order 12 lambda rex(-) mutants. Correlation of recombination data with physically-determined positions of deletion end-points (Szybalski 1971; Blattneret al. 1972) suggests that the left-most rex(-) mutation, rex209, is located about 260-300 nucleotide pairs from the p(L) mutation sex1 and about 475 nucleotide pairs from the left end-point of the region of nonhomology with lambdaimm434.
Right of Union Representation in Employer Interviews: A Post-Weingarten Analysis

The right of employees to union representation during investigatory and disciplinary discussions with employers has been one of the most active areas of labor management relations in recent years. The Supreme Court's seminal decision in NLRB v. J. Weingarten, Inc. confirmed the National Labor Relations Board (the Board) policy that an employee has a right under the National Labor Relations Act2 (the Act) to insist on the presence of a union representative at an investigatory interview which the employee reasonably believes might result in disciplinary action. Shortly thereafter, the NLRB took an expansive view of an employee's right to representation. Recent Board decisions, however, have narrowed considerably the situations in which an employee is entitled to the Weingarten protections.The purpose of this article is to trace the developments and shifts in Board policy since the Weingarten decision; to examine and analyze these developments; and to offer conclusions as to the present state of Board law.
EVALUATION OF ORGANICALLY-CERTIFIED INSECTICIDES FOR CONTROL OF LEPIDOPTEROUS LARVAE ON FALL LETTUCE, 2003

Lettuce was direct seeded on 5 Sep at the Yuma Valley Agricultural Center, Yuma, AZ into double row beds on 42-inch centers. Stand establishment was achieved using overhead sprinkler irrigation, and irrigated with furrow irrigation thereafter. Plots were two beds wide by 45-ft long and bordered by two untreated beds. Four replications of each treatment were arranged in a RCB design. Formulations and rates for each compound are provided in the tables. Sprays were applied on 26 Sep, 4 and 11 Oct. The first and second applications were made with a CO2 operated boom sprayer at 60 psi and 20 gpa. A broadcast application was delivered through two nozzles (TX-18) per bed. The third applications were made with a CO2 operated boom sprayer at 60 psi and 25 gpa. A directed spray (approximately 75% band, with rate adjusted for band) was delivered through three nozzles (TX-12) per bed. No adjuvants were applied with any of the treatment during the trial. Evaluation of control was based on the number of live larvae per plant sampled from the two beds of each replicate. Five plants per plot were destructively sampled on 30 Sep, 3, 9 and 17 Oct. The sample unit consisted of examination of whole plants for presence of small and large BAW and CL. For BAW, larvae were considered small if 5mm in length. For CL, larvae were considered small if 10 mm. Treatment means were analyzed using a 1-way ANOVA and means separated by an F protected LSD (P ≤ 0.05).
Reconstruction of a Large External Hemipelvectomy Defect After Chordoma Resection Using a 5-Component Chimeric Rotational Flap: Reply.

Management of complex lumbosacral neoplastic disease presents unique challenges and requires a multidisciplinary approach. Large pelvic tumors may require external hemipelvectomy where an entire lower extremity including the hemipelvis is removed with disarticulation of the sacroiliac joint and symphysis pubis. When external hemipelvectomy is performed, the reconstructive surgeon must consider osseous reconstruction for structural pelvic support, the elimination of dead space, protection of implanted hardware, intra-abdominal support, and skin coverage. Reconstruction must minimize wound healing morbidity, operative time and the number of operative sites, and maximize the potential for rehabilitation. We present a case demonstrating use of a rotational chimeric flap for the reconstruction of an external hemipelvectomy defect.
Variation in WIC Cash-Value Voucher Redemption Among American Indian Reservation Communities in Washington State

ABSTRACTIn 2009, a cash-value voucher (CVV) was added to the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) package to encourage fresh fruits and vegetable purchases. Access to fresh fruit and vegetables on American Indian (AI) reservations is limited. We compared the average proportion of CVVs redeemed between 27 reservation-based WIC clinics with 185 non-reservation-based WIC clinics and the proportion of CVVs redeemed in WIC clinics in tribes with high access to fresh fruits and vegetables with their counterparts with low access. Reservation-based WIC clinics had significantly lower CVV redemption compared to non-reservation-based clinics (65 vs 81%, respectively, P < .0001). Additionally, CVV redemption was similar among reservation-based WIC clinics where a supermarket was located within or outside the reservation. CVV redemption is significantly lower in tribal than non-tribal WIC clinics. Research is needed to identify barriers to...
Charter School Teacher Job Satisfaction

We examine whether working conditions in charter schools and traditional public schools lead to different levels of job satisfaction among teachers. We distinguish among charter schools managed by for-profit education management organizations (EMOs) and non-profit charter management organizations (CMOs) and stand-alone charter schools. We investigate our research question using data from the School and Staffing Survey. We find that teachers in charter schools are less satisfied with their jobs than teachers in traditional public schools. We also find that teachers in EMO-managed schools appear less satisfied than those in stand-alone charter schools. Our analyses suggest that lower salaries and limited union memberships help drive these lower levels of satisfaction, particularly among stand-alone charter schools and charter schools managed by EMOs.
The Relationship Between Caregivers and Youth in Foster Care: Examining the Relationship for Mediation and Moderation Effects on Youth Behaviors:

Youth in foster care often experience many negative outcomes. Fortunately, the empirical examination of potential protective factors is beginning to grow. The aim of this study was to investigate t...
Our Youngest Intellectuals Thirteen Years Later

They showed the well-rounded development which was the major goal in planning the curriculum.
Uneven Progress in Meeting E-Government Challenges in Asia-Pacific

E-government holds the promise of improving administrative efficiency and citizen participation, but can also reinforce traditional administrative processes. This paper reviews the evidence, mainly from case studies, of these processes. It looks both at Asia-Pacific jurisdictions, and the wider experience. It finds that advances in information and related technologies have stepped up the pressure on governments to carry out policy and institutional reforms, while also providing some tools that facilitate the process. Yet there are financial, staffing, and cultural barriers which can slow down countries from fully adopting e-government, and achieving its benefits. E-government adoption has helped some Asia-Pacific jurisdictions to implement policy and institutional reforms. In other cases, cultural and organizational differences can slow down e-government adoption and reform efforts, unless there is careful adaptation to local context. Although there is some evidence to support these conclusions from national and cross-national surveys, most evidence is from case studies. Rigorous monitoring and evaluation of reforms is rare, with few jurisdictions measuring the performance improvement and citizen empowerment attained, nor the value-for-money achieved by necessary expenditures. With these limitations, the e-government experiences in Asia-Pacific have improved our understanding of what works and what doesn’t, what practices are transferable, and under what conditions. The paper concludes with an agenda for future research.
Reduced order state observer based feedback control methodologies for doubly fed induction generator (DFIG)

In this paper, a reduced order state observer for DFIG is designed that estimate the states with just using DFIG's stator voltage and power measurements. Further, the proposed state observer is used to provide two control strategies for Rotor Side Converter (RSC) of DFIG a) state estimator based state feedback control and b) state estimator based vector control. The state observer and controllers were tested for varying wind conditions using a full order dynamic model of DFIG with a real-time simulation platform. The results verify that the proposed state observer can augment existing control for DFIG with better tracking of the system output without the need for feedback measurements, and at the same time it can reduce the controller design complexity. Also, these state estimator based controllers eliminate the need of rotor current sensors for DFIG control.
An Analytic Description of the Structure and Evolution of Growing Deep Cumulus Updrafts

AbstractNew theoretical analytic expressions are derived for the evolution of a passive scalar, buoyancy, and vertical velocity in growing, entraining moist deep convective updrafts. These expressions are a function of updraft radius, height, convective available potential energy (CAPE), and environmental relative humidity RH. They are quantitatively consistent with idealized three-dimensional moist updraft simulations with varying updraft sizes and in environments with differing RH. In particular, the analytic expressions capture the rapid decrease of buoyancy with height due to entrainment for narrow updrafts in a dry environment despite large CAPE. In contrast to the standard entraining-plume model, the theoretical expressions also describe the effects of engulfment of environmental air between the level of free convection (LFC) and height of maximum buoyancy (HMB) required by mass continuity to balance upward acceleration of updraft air (i.e., dynamic entrainment). This organized inflow sharpens horiz...
Tree farming in Ireland: Potential and prospects.

The potential for using the drumlin soils in Ireland for commercial tree growing has been a recurring theme in Irish forestry circles for more than a decade. There are a number of reasons for this interest. These soils are remarkably productive for tree growth, and productivity estimates, based on actual per acre output from both state and private forests, are now available.
Suspended Morphology in Serbian: Clitics vs. Affixes

This article offers a case study of what appears to be an instance of “suspended affixation” in Serbian. The phenomenon in question is particularly interesting and potentially theoretically significant since it occurs in a language in which suspended affixation is generally impossible. The account I am led to suggests, however, that what is being “suspended” is not an affix but a second position clitic disguised as an affix. This is not a surprising outcome, since Serbian second position clitics, unlike ordinary affixes, can be elided quite easily. The phenomena examined in this paper provide further support to certain aspects of the theoretical model developed in Embick (2007; 2010) and offer new insights into the interaction between linearization, ellipsis and Local Dislocation. In particular, I show that the forms which allow ‘suspended affixation’ are formed in a special way, namely, via Local Dislocation, which affixes a second position enclitic to its host at PF under linear adjacency. Forms which are created by regular head movement, on the other hand disallow suspended affixation, on the assumption that elements that form complex heads (i.e., Subwords) cannot be elided. This article is part of Special Collection: Suspended Affixation
Dissemination Approaches to Participating Primary Care Providers in a Quality Improvement Program Addressing Opioid Use in Central Appalachia.

Objectives Practice-based research networks (PBRNs) have been described as new clinical laboratories for primary care research and dissemination. PBRNs, however, have struggled to disseminate research results in a meaningful way to participating providers and clinics. Methods The Central Appalachia Inter-Professional Pain Education Collaborative was developed to work with PBRN clinics using quality improvement methods, deliver statewide continuing education activities to address the issue of opioid use in patients with chronic pain, and develop a multimodal mechanism to disseminate project results to clinics and participating providers. Results Successful change in the delivery of chronic pain care was dependent on the clinic's commitment to a team-based, patient-centered approach. Statistically significant improvements were shown in 10 of 16 process measures, and 80% of the participants agreed that the quality improvement process activity increased their knowledge and would improve their performance in managing patients with chronic pain, as well as patient outcomes in their practice. Conclusions The Central Appalachia Inter-Professional Pain Education Collaborative project used an extensive and innovative dissemination plan under the rubric of "continual dissemination." Unlike traditional dissemination efforts that focus on summary presentations, this initiative used a continual dissemination approach that updated participants quarterly through multiple means throughout the project, which improved engagement in the project.
Predicting phenotypes from microarrays using amplified, initially marginal, eigenvector regression

Motivation The discovery of relationships between gene expression measurements and phenotypic responses is hampered by both computational and statistical impediments. Conventional statistical methods are less than ideal because they either fail to select relevant genes, predict poorly, ignore the unknown interaction structure between genes, or are computationally intractable. Thus, the creation of new methods which can handle many expression measurements on relatively small numbers of patients while also uncovering gene-gene relationships and predicting well is desirable. Results We develop a new technique for using the marginal relationship between gene expression measurements and patient survival outcomes to identify a small subset of genes which appear highly relevant for predicting survival, produce a low-dimensional embedding based on this small subset, and amplify this embedding with information from the remaining genes. We motivate our methodology by using gene expression measurements to predict survival time for patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, illustrate the behavior of our methodology on carefully constructed synthetic examples, and test it on a number of other gene expression datasets. Our technique is computationally tractable, generally outperforms other methods, is extensible to other phenotypes, and also identifies different genes (relative to existing methods) for possible future study. Availability and Implementation All of the code and data are available at http://mypage.iu.edu/∼dajmcdon/research/ . Contact dajmcdon@indiana.edu. Supplementary information Supplementary material is available at Bioinformatics online.
Collaterals Predict Outcome Regardless of Time Last Known Normal.

Background and Purpose Recent studies suggest that patients with large-vessel ischemic strokes (large-vessel occlusion [LVO]) with favorable imaging may benefit from mechanical thrombolysis even when treated outside the standard 6-hour window. However, many patients in these studies presented with unknown times of onset. We compare outcomes in thrombectomy patients treated at less than versus greater than 6 hours from last known well (LKN), and evaluate whether “unknown time of onset“ alters prognosis. Methods We retrospectively reviewed patients at 2 comprehensive stroke centers. Student's t and chi-square tests evaluated the association between predetermined clinical and radiographic variables, including unknown time of onset, and outcome (discharge and follow-up National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score and modified Rankin Scale [mRS] score) for LVOs treated after greater than 6 hours versus 6 hours or less from LKN. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine the odds of good outcome (mRS score 0-2). Results A total of 113 patients were treated over 2 years; 31 were treated at greater than 6 hours. Those who were treated at greater than 6 hours and experienced poor outcomes were more likely to have large-artery atherosclerosis (P = .033). There was no difference in outcome for patients outside the window with known (39.1%) versus unknown (60.9%) time of onset. mRS scores at discharge were higher among those outside the window (odds ratio 3.78; 95% confidence interval 1.20-11.89) but not at follow-up. After multivariable regression, favorable collaterals alone were associated with a mRS score of 0-2. Conclusions When imaging is favorable, the mRS score at follow-up is comparable regardless of time LKN. Functional outcomes appear to be driven most significantly by the presence of collaterals.
"Politics, Political Ideology and Organizations"

Research at the intersection of strategic management and organizational theory has begun to explore the implications of formal politics for organizations. Relatively disparate streams of research i...
The meniscus-guided deposition of semiconducting polymers

The electronic devices that play a vital role in our daily life are primarily based on silicon and are thus rigid, opaque, and relatively heavy. However, new electronics relying on polymer semiconductors are opening up new application spaces like stretchable and self-healing sensors and devices, and these can facilitate the integration of such devices into our homes, our clothing, and even our bodies. While there has been tremendous interest in such technologies, the widespread adoption of these organic electronics requires low-cost manufacturing techniques. Fortunately, the realization of organic electronics can take inspiration from a technology developed since the beginning of the Common Era: printing. This review addresses the critical issues and considerations in the printing methods for organic electronics, outlines the fundamental fluid mechanics, polymer physics, and deposition parameters involved in the fabrication process, and provides future research directions for the next generation of printed polymer electronics.
Tailoring cage-like organosilicas with multifunctional bridging and surface groups

Monofunctional and bifunctional cubic silicas with cage-like structure (FDU-1) containing surface and bridging groups were prepared by one-pot synthesis route using various organosilanes such as tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) along with ureidopropyltrimethoxysilane (UP), 3-mercaptopropylsilane (MP) and bis(triethoxysilylpropyl)disulfide (DS). The aforementioned mesostructures were characterized by X-ray diffraction, N 2 adsorption and elemental analysis.
Statistical Rule Induction in the Presence of Prior Information: The Bayesian Record Linkage Problem

This chapter applies the theory of Bayesian logistic regression to the problem of inducing a classification rule. The chapter first describes the classification rule as a decision to link or not to link two records in different databases in the absence of a common identifier. When a training data set of classified cases is available, developing a rule is easy; this chapter expands the application of the technique to situations where a training data set of classified cases is not available. The steps are conceptually simple:first fit a logistic regression with latent dependent variable using Bayesian methods, then use the parameter estimates from the best fitting model to derive the equivalent record linkage rule. This chapter first describes the application area of record linkage, followed by a description of the Fellegi-Sunter model of record linkage. The chapter then shows how to estimate the appropriate Bayesian generalized linear model with latent classes, and, using the posterior kernels, determine the final decision rule.
Differential Cognitive and Emotional Functions of the Cerebral Hemispheres

The major theme in this book thus far has been the description of the structure, function, and operation of the hierarchical control system, both in conscious and unconscious behavior. That control system was defined as the biological organizational structure that determined in its broadest context most mammalian and consequently most human behavior. However, reference has also been made to another control system, the interhemispheric, which apparently contributes an extra dimension, particularly in humans, to the activities of the hierarchical control system. The description of the differences between the activities of the left and right hemispheres presented in Chapter 1 was intended to introduce that dimension, however briefly, at an early point in this volume. Here it is necessary to examine the mechanisms through which the hemispheric system modifies and is modified by the activities of the hierarchical control system.
Decreases in unintegrated hiv dna are associated with antiretroviral therapy in aids patients

Better markers are needed to monitor the efficacy of antiretroviral drugs in persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). We investigated the effects of zidovudine (ZDV) and dideoxycytidine (ddC) on the presence of unintegrated HIV-1 DNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from AIDS patients. DNA was extracted from PBMCs and separated into low molecular weight (unintegrated) and high molecular weight (integrated) chromosomal fractions. These DNA fractions were then amplified by a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the amount and percentage of unintegrated HIV DNA were determined. Very high levels of unintegrated HIV DNA were found in AIDS patients not receiving treatment with ZDV or ddC (median = 95% unintegrated HIV DNA). In contrast, most patients who had received 4 or more weeks of antiretroviral therapy had lower levels of unintegrated HIV DNA (median = 30% unintegrated HIV DNA for patients receiving ZDV). Paired samples taken from five patients before and after therapy showed a striking reduction in the percentage of unintegrated HIV DNA. The decrease in the proportion of unintegrated HIV DNA in AIDS patients was due to both a reduction in the copy number of unintegrated HIV DNA and an increase in the copy number of integrated HIV DNA. Thus, measurements of unintegrated and integrated HIV DNA may be useful in providing objective assessments of the effectiveness of antiretroviral therapies.
Tomorrow’s targets

As the twenty-first century dawns, humanity is beginning to recover from its night-fear. Very soon we will challenge the cold and barren wastes that extend endlessly between the stars. It may be centuries yet before brave bands of human explorers enter this forbidding realm; but our robots will proceed us.