cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Surgical Navigation Technology for Treatment of Pneumosinus Dilatans

The objective of this study is to present the use of surgical navigation in the selective removal of the anterior table of the frontal sinus in a patient with pneumosinus dilatans. A 16-year-old boy presented with progressive deformity of the forehead and left postauricular sulcus due to pneumosinus dilatans. Reconstruction of the anterior table of the frontal bone was assisted by a surgical navigation system that used data from a preoperative computed tomography scan of the head and neck to map out the boundaries of the frontal sinus. The device enabled selective resection of the anterior table without violation of the cranial cavity.
Quality changes and freezing time prediction during freezing and thawing of ginger

Effects of different freezing rates and four different thawing methods on chemical composition, microstructure, and color of ginger were investigated. Computer simulation for predicting the freezing time of cylindrical ginger for two different freezing methods (slow and fast) was done using ANSYS (®) Multiphysics. Different freezing rates (slow and fast) and thawing methods significantly (P < 0.05) affected the color and composition of essential oil in ginger. Fresh ginger was found to contain 3.60% gingerol and 18.30% zingerone. A maximum yield of 7.43% gingerol was obtained when slow frozen gingers when thawed by infrared method. Maximum zingerone content of 38.30% was achieved by thawing slow frozen gingers using infrared-microwave method. Microscopic examination revealed that structural damage was more pronounced in slow frozen gingers than fast frozen gingers. Simulated freezing curves were in good agreement with experimental measurements (r = 0.97 for slow freezing and r = 0.92 for fast freezing). Slow freezing damaged ginger's cellular structure. Data obtained will be helpful in selecting appropriate thawing method to increase desirable essential oil components in ginger. Computer simulation for predicting freezing time may help in developing proper storage system of ginger.
Optimum Linear Systems: The Kalman Approach

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Discrete Time Systems Basic Estimation Problem Optimal Filtered Estimate Optimal Prediction Optimal Smoothing Steady State Equivalence of the Kalman and Wiener Filters Summary This chapter contains sections titled: Problems References
Symbolic Probabilistic Reasoning for Narratives

We present a framework to represent and reason about narratives that combines logical and probabilistic representations of commonsense knowledge. Unlike most natural language understanding systems, which merely extract facts or semantic roles, our system builds probabilistic representations of the temporal sequence of world states and actions implied by a narrative. We use probabilistic actions to represent ambiguities and uncertainties in the narrative. We present algorithms that take a representation of a narrative, derive all possible interpretations of the narrative, and answer probabilistic queries by marginalizing over all the interpretations. With a focus on spatial contexts, we demonstrate our framework on an example narrative. To this end, we apply natural language pro- cessing (NLP) tools together with statistical approaches over common sense knowledge bases.
Hybrid Tibia Fixation of Soft Tissue Grafts in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction A Systematic Review

Background:Optimal fixation of soft tissue grafts in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction remains a controversial topic, and tibial-sided fixation is frequently cited as the “weak point” of the femur-graft-tibia construct. Some studies have recommended the use of hybrid fixation (combining intratunnel aperture fixation and extracortical suspensory fixation) on the tibial side to increase the strength of the reconstructed ACL and decrease the risk of graft slippage and subsequent failure. However, no consensus has emerged on the necessity or suitability of this technique, relative to single modes of fixation.Purpose:This study sought answers to the following questions: (1) Does hybrid fixation result in stronger, stiffer initial fixation of soft tissue grafts? (2) Does hybrid fixation reduce side-to-side laxity differences in clinical practice? (3) Does hybrid fixation increase complication rates when compared with a single mode of tibial fixation?Study Design:Systematic review.Methods:A systema...
Adding a Nonrenewable Resource to the Neoclassical Growth Model

The present paper adds a nonrenewable resource to the neoclassical growth model and examines the economics of substitution in this three factor growth model. Adjustments in the price of capital, wage, income per capita, and the two input ratios are derived in a general equilibrium setting. In contrast to the assumption of partial equilibrium resource economics, depletion may rise as the resource price increases due to the increased productivity that occurs with investment and labor growth. To maintain steady income per capita, both resource profit and capital income must be invested.
Internal Flow Dynamics in a Valveless Airbreathing Pulse Detonation Combustor Facility

*† ‡ The internal flow dynamics in a valveless airbreathing pulse detonation combustor using ethylene fuel is studied numerically. The system involves no mechanical valves in the air flowpath, and the isolation between the inlet and combustor is achieved through gasdynamic means. The valve operation timing for the fuel injection and initiator is determined based on the local flow conditions. The analysis accommodates the full conservation equations in axisymmetric coordinates, and takes into account finite-rate chemistry and variable properties for an ethylene/air/oxygen system. The detailed flow evolution and detonation dynamics during limit-cycle operation is explored systematically. The calculated pressure history and propulsive performance agree well with experimental data. A sensitivity study of operation timing is also conducted to further elucidate the system dynamics and to provide guidelines for engine design optimization.
The Investigation and Analysis of Occupation Disease Hazard in a Coal Gangue Power Plant

Objective: To explore the occupational hazards of coal gangue power generated in the production process and provide the basis for the prevention and control of occupational diseases. Methods: By occupational health survey,point sampling method was used to continuously monitor occupational hazards existing in the production process for three days and analyzed. Results: The main occupational hazards existing in the production process in this plant were mainly silica dust,coal dust,noise and so on. What exceeded the standard most was silica dust in ash removal system and the combustion system and the noise in the system ash and steam turbine systems. Occupational hazard protection facilities did not fully meet with national occupational health requirements. Conclusion: Occupational hazards in coal gangue power plant are silica dust,grime,heat and so on. The key to the prevention of occupational diseases occurrance in this enterprise control is to ensure the normal operation of occupational hazards and protective equipment to strengthen occupational health management.
Obesity and aging.

This review focuses on studies that pertain to obesity and aging. The prevalence of obesity in the elderly is discussed, with an emphasis on body-fat distribution as it relates to morbidity and mortality rates. Treatment options, such as physical activity, growth hormones, and drug therapy, are briefly mentioned. A section that covers some of the most recent issues pertaining to the neuroregulation of feeding and energy expenditure is included. Finally, we briefly discuss anorexia in the aged.
Comparison of tree transpiration under wet and dry canopy conditions in a Costa Rican premontane tropical forest

Spatial and temporal variation in wet canopy conditions following precipitation events can influence processes such as transpiration and photosynthesis, which can be further enhanced as upper canopy leaves dry more rapidly than the understory following each event. As part of a larger study aimed at improving land surface modelling of evapotranspiration processes in wet tropical forests, we compared transpiration among trees with exposed and shaded crowns under both wet and dry canopy conditions in central Costa Rica, which has an average 4200 mm annual rainfall. Transpiration was estimated for 5 months using 43 sap flux sensors in eight dominant, ten midstory and eight suppressed trees in a mature forest stand surrounding a 40-m tower equipped with micrometeorological sensors. Dominant trees were 13% of the plot's trees and contributed around 76% to total transpiration at this site, whereas midstory and suppressed trees contributed 18 and 5%, respectively. After accounting for vapour pressure deficit and solar radiation, leaf wetness was a significant driver of sap flux, reducing it by as much as 28%. Under dry conditions, sap flux rates (Js) of dominant trees were similar to midstory trees and were almost double that of suppressed trees. On wet days, all trees had similarly low Js. As expected, semi-dry conditions (dry upper canopy) led to higher Js in dominant trees than midstory, which had wetter leaves, but semi-dry conditions only reduced total stand transpiration slightly and did not change the relative proportion of transpiration from dominant and midstory. Therefore, models that better capture forest stand wet–dry canopy dynamics and individual tree water use strategies are needed to improve accuracy of predictions of water recycling over tropical forests. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multiscale Analysis of Neurite Orientation and Spatial Organization in Neuronal Images

The spatial organization of neurites, the thin processes (i.e., dendrites and axons) that stem from a neuron's soma, conveys structural information required for proper brain function. The alignment, direction and overall geometry of neurites in the brain are subject to continuous remodeling in response to healthy and noxious stimuli. In the developing brain, during neurogenesis or in neuroregeneration, these structural changes are indicators of the ability of neurons to establish axon-to-dendrite connections that can ultimately develop into functional synapses. Enabling a proper quantification of this structural remodeling would facilitate the identification of new phenotypic criteria to classify developmental stages and further our understanding of brain function. However, adequate algorithms to accurately and reliably quantify neurite orientation and alignment are still lacking. To fill this gap, we introduce a novel algorithm that relies on multiscale directional filters designed to measure local neurites orientation over multiple scales. This innovative approach allows us to discriminate the physical orientation of neurites from finer scale phenomena associated with local irregularities and noise. Building on this multiscale framework, we also introduce a notion of alignment score that we apply to quantify the degree of spatial organization of neurites in tissue and cultured neurons. Numerical codes were implemented in Python and released open source and freely available to the scientific community.
A sniff to chase ill humors away.

Pneumonia is a major cause of death in acute leukemia patients. In this issue of Blood , [Leiva-Juarez et al][1] demonstrate a novel way to prevent pneumonia in acute leukemia by inhalation of a synergistic combination of Toll-like receptor 2/6 (TLR 2/6) and TLR9 agonists (Pam2-ODN) to induce
MyLibrary@NCState : A library portal after five years

The MyLibrary@NCState Web portal was created to help users reduce information overload, to allow them to create personal Web pages containing their most frequently consulted library electronic resources and services, and to provide a new avenue of communication between librarians and discipline-specific populations of users. This chapter will look at each of these goals and discuss how well the current product has managed to meet them. In doing so, it will also cover the relationships between library portals and course pages, the evolution of MyLibrary in the context of changes to the Libraries' Web site, and future directions for development.
Prader-Willi Syndrome: Diagnostic Criteria

Diagnostic criteria for Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS), developed by consensus of seven clinicians in consultation with experts, are reported from the University of Washington, Seattle, and six additional centers.
Real-time vision chips

The author first reviews several examples of digital and analog vision chips and then discusses research trends. Particular attention is given to the digital image correlation chip, the analog image smoothing chip and the analog edge detection chip. It is pointed out that interest in vision chips is increasing because vision chip approaches have potential for high speed, low cost, low power consumption and small physical size, compared to conventional visual processing approaches based on combinations of general-purpose microcomputers and application programs. Analog vision chips have a shorter history than digital vision chips, and a large portion of analog vision chip research was devoted to proving that analog chips can do visual processing tasks which can also be carried out by digital chips. The next goal for analog vision chips would include showing some examples in which the analog approaches can perform better than the digital approaches. A mix of application-oriented and biology-oriented approaches may occur in the near future. >
Benzothiazole- and benzoxazole-linked porous polymers for carbon dioxide storage and separation

Incorporation of CO2-philic heteroatoms (i.e. N, S, and O) into porous organic polymers has been instrumental in achieving selective CO2 capture. Here, we report the synthesis of porous benzothiazole and benzoxazole linked polymers which have sulfur and oxygen atoms, respectively, in addition to the nitrogen functionality. Their structural properties have been analyzed and compared to their analogous benzimidazole linked polymers which have only nitrogen heteroatoms. The polymers exhibit high surface areas (SABET = 698–1011 m2 g−1), high physicochemical stability, and considerable CO2 storage capacity. Low pressure gas uptake experiments were used to calculate the binding affinity of small gas molecules and revealed that the polymers have high heats of adsorption (Qst) for CO2 (28.7–33.6 kJ mol−1). Comparison of CO2 uptakes and Qst values of benzothiazole-, benzoxazole- and benzimidazole-linked polymers demonstrated that smaller pores facilitate CO2 adsorption with higher Qst values and the total CO2 uptake capacity mainly depends on the surface areas provided that the pore sizes are significantly small in lower micropore regions. The reported polymers also show moderate to high adsorption selectivity for CO2/N2 (40–78) and CO2/CH4 (5.7–7.8) as determined from the Ideal Adsorbed Solution Theory (IAST) calculation using pure gas isotherms at 298 K.
Structure, Dynamics, and Interactions of GPI-Anchored Human Glypican-1 having N-Glycans and Heparan Sulfates in Membranes

The glypican family of cell-surface proteoglycans, anchored to the outer leaflet of eukaryotic cell membrane through a glycosylphosphatidylinosital (GPI) anchor, is involved in important cellular signaling pathways. Glypican-1 (Gpc1), the predominant heparan sulfate (HS) proteoglycan in the developing and adult human brain, has two N-linked glycans and three chains of HS. Loss-of-function mutations show that both glypican core protein and their HS chains are important in shaping animal development. Here, to explore structure, dynamics, and interactions of Gpc1 in a membrane environment, we have performed molecular dynamics simulation studies of Gpc1 modeled with both N-glycans and HS chains and anchored to a bilayer via a GPI linker. Our analyses reveal that HS chains exhibit a pronounced flexibility, allowing great freedom for HS to reach out and accommodate binding to receptors and other signaling molecules. In addition, within the given simulation time, Gpc1 core protein is steadily located ∼50 A above the membrane surface, showing a tendency of providing enough distance for HS assembly enzymes or a membrane receptor to interact with the membrane-proximal region of Gpc1.
The effects of different growth factors on human bone marrow stromal cells differentiating into hepatocyte-like cells.

Stem cells are self-renewable and are thought to be the pluripotent cells that can differentiate into a variety of cells or tissue types. For many years, adult stem cells harvested from bone marrow have been used therapeutically. In 1999, Pittenger et al. published the methods to induce differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells into different cell types of mesodermal lineages. Theise et al. have demonstrated that hepatocytes, from endodermal lineage, can be derived from bone marrow in human and mice. Hepatocyte engraftment from bone marrow cells have been confirmed by double FISH (fluorescence in situ hybridization) after bone marrow transplantation. Lagasse et al. further demonstrated that purified hematopoietic stem cells from adult mouse bone marrow rescued fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase (FAH) deficient mice and restored the biochemical function of their liver. Alison et al.5showed that the human adult hematopoietic stem cell population is capable of yielding an epithelial lineage in chronically damaged liver. s2m-/Thy-1+cells from rat and human bone marrow were integrated with hepatic cell plates and were differentiated into mature hepatocytes after intraportal infusion into rat livers studied by Avital et al.6szm7Thy-1+cells also differentiated into mature hepatocytes in a culture system simulating liver regeneration and containing cholestatic serum. Oh et al.’ and Schwartz et al. have succeeded in differentiating rat bone marrow cells and multipotent adult progenitor cells from bone marrow into hepatocyte-like cells by addition of growth factors in the culture medium. Hamazaki et al. induced hepatic maturation in mouse embryonic stem cellsin vitro.Other studies suggest that the microenvironment of embryonic liver, including growth factors and cell-cell interactions, is critical for regulating liver development. Acidic FGF and HGF were known to play important roles in the early-and mid-developmental stages of liver development. So far, none have succeeded to induce human bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC) differentiation into hepatocytes in culture.
Post-gadolinium 3-dimensional spatial, surface, and structural characteristics of glioblastomas differentiate pseudoprogression from true tumor progression

Pseudoprogression is often indistinguishable from true tumor progression on conventional 2-dimensional (2D) MRI in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) patients. The aim of this study was to determine the association between post-gadolinium 3-dimensional (3D) characteristics and clinical state in GBM patients. Standardized 3D brain MRI studies were performed, and contrast enhancing portions of each tumor were segmented and analyzed, blinded to clinical state, using principal component analysis (PCA), medial axis transformation (MAT), and coverage analysis. Associations between the 3D characteristics of the post-gadolinium enhanced regions and the clinical status of patients were performed. A total of 15 GBM patients [male: 11 (73%); median age (range): 62 years (36–72)] with a median disease duration of 6 months (range 2–24 months) were studied cross-sectionally with 6 (40%) patients identified with tumor progression. Post-gadolinium features corresponding to the group with progressive disease exhibited a more spherical and symmetric shape relative to their stable counterparts (p = 0.005). The predictive value of a more uniformly full post-gadolinium enhanced shell to clinical progression was determined with a sensitivity of 66.7% (95% CI 29.9–92.5), specificity of 100% (54.1–100), and PPV of 100% (p = 0.028, 2-tailed Fisher’s exact test). There did not appear to be an association between the thickness of the contrast enhanced shell to clinical state. The application of 3D technology with post-gadolinium imaging data may inform healthcare providers with new insights into disease states based on spatial, surface, and structural patterns.
Longitudinal relationships between personality disorder dimensions and depression in a community sample

Abstract Background Little is known about the long-term relationships between specific personality disorder dimensions and onset of major depressive disorder (MDD) in the community. Methods A stratified random sample of adult residents of eastern Baltimore was interviewed by psychiatrists in 1981 to assess DSM-III personality disorders. A total of 252 of these individuals were re-examined between 1994 and 1999 and were included in the present analysis. Relationships between scores on personality disorder scales and the onset of MDD in the 13–18 year follow-up period were evaluated using logistic regression models. Results Forty-nine individuals had an episode of major depression during the follow-up period; 34 of them had their first episode during this period. Only histrionic personality disorder score was significantly related to the occurrence of MDD in the follow-up period. No significant associations were found between first-incidence MDD and any of the personality disorder scores. Limitations The study was conducted prior to DSM-5 criteria. Conclusion The findings suggest that the risk of MDD in adults in the community increases with histrionic personality disorder score. Future prospective population-based studies with larger sample sizes are needed in order to verify the present finding.
Targeting Regulatory T Cells for Transplant Tolerance: New Insights and Future Perspectives.

Background Organ transplantation is considered the ultimate therapy for end-stage organ disease. While pharmacologic immunosuppression is the mainstay of therapeutic strategies to prolong the survival of the graft, long-term use of immunosuppressive medications carries the risk of organ toxicity, malignancies, serious opportunistic infections, and diabetes. Therapies that promote recipient tolerance in solid organ transplantation are able to improve patient outcomes by eliminating the need for long-term immunosuppression. Summary Establishing tolerance to an allograft has become an area of intense study and would be the ideal therapy in clinical practice. The discovery of a subset of T cells naturally committed to perform immunoregulation has led to further investigation into their role in the immunopathogenesis of transplantation. Evidence suggests that regulatory T cells (Tregs) are fundamentally involved in promoting allograft tolerance. Efforts to characterize specific markers for Tregs, while challenging, have identified Foxp3 gene expression as a crucial step in promoting the tolerance-inducing features of Tregs. A number of approaches, including those based on targeting the glycogen synthase kinase 3β signaling pathway or activating the melanocortinergic pathway, have been tested as a way to promote Treg lineage commitment and maintenance as well as to facilitate immune tolerance. In order to be effective in clinical practice, Tregs must be allospecific and possess a specific phenotype to avoid suppression of other aspects of the immune system or increasing the risk of malignancy or infections. Multiple experimental and clinical studies have demonstrated the impact of currently used immunosuppressants on the immunoregulatory activities of Tregs and their Foxp3 expression status. Pharmacological induction of tolerogenic Tregs for inducing transplant tolerance, including epigenetic therapies, is in the ascendant. Key messages Therapies that promote Treg function and survival may represent a novel strategy for achieving immune tolerance in transplant patients.
Abstract TP215: Increased Economic Burden and Low Clinical Impact With Thrombophilia Testing in Adult Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients

Background and Purpose: Thrombophilic states are an uncommon primary mechanism of ischemic stroke in adults. The role of screening for inherited thrombophilia is unclear, but may be considered in c...
Automated Air-Coupled Impact-Echo Testing of a Concrete Bridge Deck from a Continuously Moving Platform

The objective of this work was to develop an automated air-coupled impact-echo testing device for mapping the occurrence of delamination in a concrete bridge deck from a continuously moving platform with a fast, repeatable excitation mechanism and algorithms for collecting and analyzing the acoustic data. The apparatus developed in this research included an impactor unit, a moving platform, a microphone for air-coupled sensing, a distance measurement instrument, and signal processing modules. Given the absence of an existing universal threshold for differentiating among intact and delaminated areas using the new device, a delamination detection threshold value was determined in a first field demonstration also involving chain dragging and coring of a concrete bridge deck. While the maps of the air-coupled impact-echo data and chain-dragging data exhibit a high degree of similarity and are highly consistent with the results of coring, a quantitative method of comparison also demonstrates the utility of the new device across a broad range of delamination percentages. Specifically, the results indicate that the percentage of the deck area determined to be delaminated using impact-echo testing was within 3 percentage points of that determined to be delaminated using chain dragging for 10 of the 13 deck test sections, which generally exhibited delamination percentages ranging from 7 to 21%. Finally, testing with the new device was more than seven times faster than chain dragging.
Structure-Preserving Community In A Multilayer Network: Definition, Detection, And Analysis.

Multilayer networks or MLNs (also called multiplexes or network of networks) are being used extensively for modeling and analysis of data sets with multiple entity and feature types as well as their relationships. As the concept of communities and hubs are used for these analysis, a structure-preserving definition for them on MLNs (that retains the original MLN structure and node/edge labels and types) and its efficient detection are critical. There is no structure-preserving definition of a community for a MLN as most of the current analyses aggregate a MLN to a single graph. Although there is consensus on community definition for single graphs (and detection packages) and to a lesser extent for homogeneous MLNs, it is lacking for heterogeneous MLNs. In this paper, we not only provide a structure-preserving definition for the first time, but also its efficient computation using a decoupling approach, and discuss its characteristics & significance for analysis. The proposed decoupling approach for efficiency combines communities from individual layers to form a serial k-community for connected k layers in a MLN. We propose several weight metrics for composing layer-wise communities using the bipartite graph match approach based on the analysis semantics. Our proposed approach has a number of advantages. It: i) leverages extant single graph community detection algorithms, ii) is based on the widely-used maximal flow bipartite graph matching for composing k layers, iii) introduces several weight metrics that are customized for the community concept, and iv) experimentally validates the definition, mapping, and efficiency from a flexible analysis perspective on widely-used IMDb data set. Keywords: Heterogeneous Multilayer Networks; Bipartite Graphs; Community Definition and Detection; Decoupling-Based Composition
Performance characteristics of EUS-FNA biopsy for adrenal lesions: A meta-analysis

Background and Objective: The role of EUS-FNA biopsy (EUS-FNAB) for detection of metastatic lesions (mets) to adrenals has not been evaluated systematically. Our aim is to systematically evaluate the performance characteristics of EUS-FNAB in detecting metastasis to the adrenal glands. Materials and Methods: We performed a systematic search on PubMed and OvidSP from January 1990 to July 2016 using various search terms for EUS and adrenal lesion. Only articles published in English literature were included in the study. Studies with fewer than 10 patients were excluded from the study. Publication bias was assessed using Begg-Mazumdar test and visual inspection of funnel plots. Results: Eight studies including 360 adrenal lesions that underwent EUS-FNAB were identified. Of these, 137 FNABs were conclusive for malignancy. Sensitivity of EUS-FNAB in detecting metastasis to the adrenals was 95% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 90%–98%) and specificity was 99% (95% CI: 96%–100%). Pooled positivity of EUS-FNAB in detecting lung cancer metastasis to the adrenals was 44% (95% CI: 31.5%–57.3%). No evidence of publication bias was noted. Conclusion: Our study demonstrates that EUS-FNAB is highly sensitive and specific in detecting metastasis to adrenals. It also shows that up to about half of the patients with lung cancer and adrenal lesions on imaging have metastasis, a finding with profound implications on lung cancer staging and treatment.
Numerical investigation of the pressure-dependence of yield sooting indices for n-alkane and aromatic species

Abstract The pressure-dependence of the Yield Sooting Index (YSI), as a measure of sooting tendency, is numerically investigated for pressures ranging from 1 atm to 15 atm. Straight-chain alkanes, including ethane, propane, n-hexane, n-heptane, and n-dodecane, and aromatic species, including benzene, toluene, xylene, and ethylbenzene, are selected as test fuels. A detailed chemical mechanism is used for all test fuels considered, and a flamelet-based YSI simulation methodology is employed, where the YSI values are computed based on the Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) dimer production rate at each pressure. It is found that the maximum flame centerline soot volume fraction increases with increasing pressure for all test compounds. However, the pressure dependence of the maximum soot volume fraction is similar for the hydrocarbons within the same class (n-alkane or aromatics). As a consequence, the YSI values computed at pressures up to 15 atm show only small deviations from their values computed and measured at atmospheric pressure. These results suggest that YSI is robust also at elevated pressures, close to those found in practical combustion devices. This study is entirely based on numerical simulations without any experimental measurements available for direct validation. Experimental YSI measurements at high pressures would be required to fully confirm the conclusions reported in this manuscript. Nevertheless, our numerical results provide some guidelines for the design of such experiments in the future.
The 9th Annual Advances in Hospitality and Tourism Marketing and Management Conference, Portsmouth, United Kingdom, July 2019

The Advances in Hospitality and Tourism Marketing and Management conference took place in Portsmouth, United Kingdom in July of 2019. A summary of the conference is provided.
International variations in fiduciary and competence trust of physicians: A multilevel study

This article examines how public trust in physicians varies across two primary dimensions: trust in physicians' technical competence and in their fiduciary duty to prioritise patients' interests ab...
ANNE J. GILLILAND, SUE McKEMMISH, and ANDREW J. LAU, eds., Research in the Archival Multiverse

Research in the Archival Multiverse. ANNE J. GILLILAND, SUE McKEMMISH, and ANDREW J. LAU, eds. Clayton, VIC: Monash University Publishing, 2017. viii, 1,064 pp. ISBN 978-1-876924-67-6
Exact computation of projection regression depth and fast computation of its induced median and other estimators

Zuo (2019) (Z19) addressed the computation of the projection regression depth (PRD) and its induced median (the maximum depth estimator). Z19 achieved the exact computation of PRD via a modified version of regular univariate sample median, which resulted in the loss of invariance of PRD and the equivariance of depth induced median. This article achieves the exact computation without scarifying the invariance of PRD and the equivariance of the regression median. Z19 also addressed the approximate computation of PRD induced median, the naive algorithm in Z19 is very slow. This article modifies the approximation in Z19 and adopts Rcpp package and consequently obtains a much (could be $100$ times) faster algorithm with an even better level of accuracy meanwhile. Furthermore, as the third major contribution, this article introduces three new depth induced estimators which can run $300$ times faster than that of Z19 meanwhile maintaining the same (or a bit better) level of accuracy. Real as well as simulated data examples are presented to illustrate the difference between the algorithms of Z19 and the ones proposed in this article. Findings support the statements above and manifest the major contributions of the article.
Sedentary Time is Associated with Worse Attention in Parkinson's Disease: A Pilot Study.

Objective Cognitive symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD) may be alleviated by moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), but no published research has characterized the relationship between objectively measured sedentary behavior and cognitive symptoms of PD. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the cross-sectional relationship between sedentary time and cognitive performance in a small pilot sample of individuals with mild-to-moderate PD. Methods Objective measures of sedentary time were obtained using an armband accelerometer. Cognition was assessed with the Parkinson's Disease Cognitive Rating Scale and a computerized task-switching paradigm. Results The percentage of awake time spent in sedentary activities was negatively correlated with attention (β = -14.20, t(12) = -2.47, p = 0.03) but not other cognitive domains (p > 0.05) after controlling for MVPA and medication dosage. Conclusion Sedentary activity may have unique associations with cognition, particularly attention, over and above MVPA in individuals with PD.
Recent application of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) in process safety and loss prevention: A review

Abstract In recent years, significant progress has been made to ensure that process industries are among the safest workplaces in the world. However, with the increasing complexity of existing technologies and new problems brought about by emerging technologies, a strong need still exists to study the fundamentals of process safety and predict possible scenarios. This is attained by conducting the corresponding consequence modeling and risk assessments. As a result of the continuous advancement of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) tools and exponentially increased computation capabilities along with better understandings of the underlying physics, CFD simulations have been applied widely in the areas of process safety and loss prevention to gain new insights, improve existing models, and assess new hazardous scenarios. In this review, 126 papers from 2010 to 2020 have been included in order to systematically categorize and summarize recent applications of CFD for fires, explosions, dispersions of flammable and toxic materials from accidental releases, incident investigations and reconstructions, and other areas of process safety. The advantages of CFD modeling are discussed and the future of CFD applications in this research area is outlined.
Factors associated with HPV vaccination initiation among United States college students

Human papillomavirus (HPV) remains the most common sexually transmitted infection (STI) in the U.S. despite widespread availability of a safe, effective vaccine. Although young adults are at greate...
Defective FXR-SHP Regulation in Obesity Aberrantly Increases miR-802 Expression, Promoting Insulin Resistance and Fatty Liver.

Aberrantly elevated expression in obesity of microRNAs (miRNAs), including the miRNA miR-802, contributes to obesity-associated metabolic complications, but the mechanisms underlying the elevated expression are unclear. Farnesoid X receptor (FXR), a key regulator of hepatic energy metabolism, has potential for treatment of obesity-related diseases. We examined whether a nuclear receptor cascade involving FXR and FXR-induced small heterodimer partner (SHP) regulates expression of miR-802 to maintain glucose and lipid homeostasis. Hepatic miR-802 levels are increased in FXR-knockout (KO) or SHP-KO mice and are decreased by activation of FXR in a SHP-dependent manner. Mechanistically, transactivation of miR-802 by aromatic hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is inhibited by SHP. In obese mice, activation of FXR by obeticholic acid treatment reduced miR-802 levels and improved insulin resistance and hepatosteatosis, but these beneficial effects were largely abolished by overexpression of miR-802. In patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and in obese mice, occupancy of SHP is reduced and that of AHR is modestly increased at the miR-802 promoter, consistent with elevated hepatic miR-802 expression. These results demonstrate that normal inhibition of miR-802 by FXR-SHP is defective in obesity, resulting in increased miR-802 levels, insulin resistance, and fatty liver. This FXR-SHP-miR-802 pathway may present novel targets for treating type 2 diabetes and NAFLD.
Rapid selection of HIV envelopes that bind to neutralizing antibody B cell lineage members with functional improbable mutations

Elicitation of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) by an HIV vaccine will involve priming the immune system to activate antibody precursors, followed by boosting immunizations to select for antibodies with functional features required for neutralization breadth. The higher the number of mutations necessary for function, the more convoluted are the antibody developmental pathways. HIV bnAbs acquire a large number of somatic mutations, but not all mutations are functionally important. Here we identified a minimal subset of mutations sufficient for the function of the V3-glycan bnAb DH270.6. Using antibody library screening, candidate envelope immunogens that interacted with DH270.6-like antibodies containing this set of key mutations were identified and selected in vitro. Our results demonstrate that less complex B cell evolutionary pathways than those naturally observed exist for the induction of HIV bnAbs by vaccination, and establish rational approaches to identify boosting sequential envelope candidate immunogens.
Privacy-Preserving Deep Learning Based on Multiparty Secure Computation: A Survey

Deep learning (DL) has demonstrated superior success in various of applications, such as image classification, speech recognition, and anomalous detection. The unprecedented performance gain of DL largely depends on tremendous training data, high-performance computation resources, and well-designed model structures. However, privacy concerns raise from such necessities. First, as the training data are usually distributed among multiple parties, directly exposing and collecting such large amount of data could violate the laws especially for private information, such as personal identities, medical records, and financial profiles. Second, locally deploying advantageous computation resources is costly for individual party having partial data. Third, direct release of well-trained model parameters threatens the information about training data or the intellectual property of model owners. Therefore, individual party prefers outsourcing computation (data) in a secure way to powerful cloud servers such as Microsoft Azure, and how to enable the cloud servers to perform DL algorithms without revealing data owners’ private information and model owners’ valuable parameters is emerging as an urgent task, which is termed as privacy-preserving (outsourcing) DL. In this article, we review the state-of-the-art researches in privacy-preserving DL based on multiparty secure computation with data encryption and summarize these techniques in both training phase and inference phase. Specifically, we categorize the techniques with respect to the linear and nonlinear computations, which are the two basic building blocks in DL. Following a comprehensive overview of each research scheme, we present primary technical hurdles needed to be addressed and discuss several promising directions for future research.
Foster Caregivers’ Parenting Stress as a Moderator of Change in Coparenting Following Relationship Education:

Foster caregivers provide care to some of our most vulnerable children and often experience challenges that can interfere with family functioning, including the interparental relationship. Recent e...
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Liver Tumor Position Variability during SBRT using Various Motion Management and IGRT Strategies.

Abstract Purpose To suggest PTV margins for liver SBRT with different motion management strategies based on a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods In accordance with Preferred-Reporting-Items-for-Systematic-Reviews-and-Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), a systematic review in PubMed, Embase and Medline databases was performed for liver tumor position variability. From an initial 533 studies published before October 2020, 36 studies were categorized as 18 free-breathing (FB; npatients=401), 9 abdominal compression (AC; npatients=145) and 9 breath-hold (BH; npatients=126). A meta-analysis was performed on inter- and intra-fraction position variability to report weighted-mean with 95% confidence interval (CI95) in superior-inferior (SI), left-right (LR) and anterior-posterior (AP) directions. Furthermore, weighted-mean ITV margins were computed for FB (nstudies=15, npatients =373) and AC (nstudies=6, npatients =97) and PTV margins were computed for FB (nstudies =6, npatients =95), AC (nstudies =7, npatients =106) and BH (nstudies =8, npatients =133). Results The FB weighted-mean intra-fraction variability, ITV margins and weighted-standard-deviation in mm were SI-9.7, CI95=9.3-10.1, 13.5±4.9; LR-5.4, CI95=5.3-5.6, 7.3±7.9 and AP-4.2, CI95=4.0-4.4, 6.3±7.6. The inter-fraction-based results were SI-4.7, CI95=4.3-5.1, 5.7±1.7; LR-1.4, CI95=1.1-1.6, 3.6±2.7 and AP-2.8, CI95=2.5-3.1, 4.8±2.1. For AC intra-fraction results in mm were SI-1.8, CI95=1.6-2.0, 2.6±1.2; LR-0.7, CI95=0.6-0.8, 1.7±1.5 and AP-0.9, CI95=0.8-1.0, 1.9±1.7. The inter-fraction results were SI-2.6, CI95=2.3-3.0, 5.2±2.9; LR-1.9, CI95=1.7-2.1, 4.0±2.2 and AP-2.9, CI95=2.5-3.2, 5.8±2.7. For BH the inter-fraction variability and the weighted-mean PTV margins and weighted-standard-deviation in mm were SI-2.4, CI95=2.1-2.7, 5.6±2.9; LR-1.8; CI95=1.3-2.2, 5.5±1.7 and AP-1.4; CI95=1.2-1.7, 6.1±2.1. Conclusion Our meta-analysis suggested that weighted-mean PTV margin of 6mm might be appropriate for BH. For AC and FB, asymmetric PTV margins (weighted-mean margin = 4mm (AP), 6mm (SI/LR)) might be appropriate. For FB, if larger (> ITV margin) intra-fraction variability observed, the additional intra- and inter-fraction variability should be accounted in the PTV margin.
Expanding the Science of Resilience: Conserving Resources in the Aid of Adaptation.

In considering resilience to stress there are several key organizing principles that will aid both research and understanding. Understanding resilience is critical to illumination of the stress pro...
Purification and Properties of Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase from Salmonella typhimurium

Abstract Purine nucleoside phosphorylase (inosine + Pi ⇌ hypoxanthine + α-d-ribose 1-phosphate, EC 2.4.2.1) from Salmonella typhimurium LT-2 has been purified 230-fold. High speed sedimentation equilibrium studies showed that the molecular weight of the native enzyme was 141,000. A molecular weight of 130,000 ± 10% was determined by Sephadex G-150 filtration. Disc gel electrophoresis of the enzyme in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate revealed a subunit molecular weight of 23,500, indicating that the enzyme is composed of six subunits. The purified enzyme was found to be specific for the purine ribonucleosides and deoxyribonucleosides, inosine, deoxyinosine, guanosine, deoxyguanosine, adenosine, and deoxyadenosine. The Michaelis constants for inosine, deoxyinosine, and phosphate ion were 50 µm, 47 µm, and 0.37 mm, respectively.
Genes, Genesis, and God: Values and their Origins in Natural and Human History

Holmes Rolston challenges the sociobiological orthodoxy that would naturalize science, ethics, and religion. The book argues that genetic processes are not blind, selfish, and contingent, and that nature is therefore not value-free. The author examines the emergence of complex biodiversity through evolutionary history. Especially remarkable in this narrative is the genesis of human beings with their capacities for science, ethics, and religion. A major conceptual task of the book is to relate cultural genesis to natural genesis. There is also a general account of how values are created and transmitted in both natural and human cultural history. The book is written by one of the most well-respected figures in the philosophy of biology and religion.
Retired Senior Volunteers AARP Tax Aide Program Evaluation

Abstract The purpose of this article is to assess the success of the AARP Tax Aide program as it relates to training older volunteers to complete income tax returns and develop technology skills that will enable them to use the Tax Wise software and e-file returns. In the past few years, the program has grown in visibility in our rural communities, leading to successful results in terms of completing and submitting tax returns. An area of needed growth for the Tax Aide program has been implementation and greater utilization of electronic completion of tax returns and the e-filing system. Our agency implemented a training program to provide older volunteers with skills necessary to develop technological expertise. This article explains the training provided and successful outcomes achieved.
Characterizing complex product architectures: Regular Paper

Due to the large-scale nature of complex product architectures, it is necessary to develop some form of abstraction in order to be able to describe and grasp the structure of the product, facilitating product modularization. In this paper we develop three methods for describing product architectures: (a) the Dependency Structure Matrix (DSM), (b) Molecular Diagrams (MD), and (c) Visibility-Dependency (VD) signature diagrams. Each method has its own language (and abstraction), which can be used to qualitatively or quantitatively characterize any given architecture spanning the modular-integrated continuum. A consequence of abstraction is the loss of some detail. So, it is important to choose the correct method (and resolution) to characterize the architecture in order to retain the salient details. The proposed methods are suited for describing architectures of varying levels of complexity and detail. The three methods are demonstrated using a sequence of illustrative simple examples and a case-study analysis of a complex product architecture for an industrial gas turbine. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Eng 7: 35–60, 2004
Death Anxiety and Personality: Are they Truly Related?:

The purpose of the present study was to investigate a multidimensional conceptualization of death, as opposed to the traditional unidimensional approach, by utilizing a randomly-ordered questionnai...
Inhibition of erythropoiesis by estrogens.

Both natural and synthetic estrogens have been found to rapidly depress erythropoiesis in male rats. The doses employed and the time relationships obtained in these experiments suggest that estrogens are part of the regulatory mechanism governing red cell production.
Secretory IgA antibodies synergize with IgG in promoting ADCC by human polymorphonuclear cells, monocytes, and lymphocytes☆

Abstract Secretory IgA antibody which alone did not mediate antibody-dependent cytotoxicity (ADCC) by polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs), monocytes, or lymphocytes, caused significant elevation of the IgG-ADCC carried out by these cells. This corresponds to the expression of receptors for both IgA and IgG on subpopulations of PMNs and monocytes, and implies that some lymphocytes may bear both receptors. It also suggests a mechanism whereby secretory IgA participates in immune defense.