cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Erratum: On estimating Lyα forest correlations between multiple sightlines

An error in the sensitivity projections has been discovered in McQuinn & White (2011) since publication. This error pertains to the projections for spectroscopic galaxy surveys. While these projections were a secondary focus of this paper, this error spuriously discourages the application of Lyα forest surveys to galaxies on sensitivity grounds. In what follows, we discuss how this error affects the calculations in McQuinn & White (2011). In addition, we use this erratum to note a couple more minor errors that have been noticed since publication. All of these errors have been corrected in the newest version of this paper on the arXiv (http://arxiv.org/abs/1102.1752). The calculations in McQuinn & White (2011) accidentally omitted the ‘K-correction’ needed to convert from the absolute magnitude units of the published galaxy luminosity functions to apparent magnitudes. The correct formula for this conversion is
The hemodialysis catheter conundrum: Hate living with them, but can’t live without them

The hemodialysis catheter conundrum: Hate living with them, but can’t live without them. Background Hemodialysis requires reliable recurrent access to the circulation. On a chronic basis, this has been best provided by the use of arteriovenous fistulae and arteriovenous grafts. In recent years, hemodialysis catheters have come to play an increasingly important role in the delivery of hemodialysis. The use of both temporary as well as cuffed hemodialysis catheters has emerged as a significant boon for both patients and practicing nephrologists. The complications, however, associated with each of these hemodialysis catheters, both in terms of anatomic, thrombotic, and infectious issues, have emerged as a major problem with their continued use. This significant morbidity and complication rate has forced many nephrologists to face a basic conundrum: they have come to hate having to deal with the problems inherent in catheter usage, but the enormous utility of these devices have forced physicians to accept the fact they cannot live without them in their current practice. Methods We used a comprehensive literature review to describe the types, use and dilemmas of hemodialysis catheters. Results This article provides a comprehensive review of both the benefits inherent with the use of these hemodialysis catheters while cataloging their complications and offering some possible solutions. Conclusion Hemodialysis vascular access catheters are essential in the maintenance of hemodialysis vascular access. However, they have a significant infectious, thrombotic, anatomic complication rate that are detailed with proposed problem-solving guidelines.
Kinetic Analysis of Ribosome-bound Fluorescent Proteins Reveals an Early, Stable, Cotranslational Folding Intermediate

Protein folding in cells reflects a delicate interplay between biophysical properties of the nascent polypeptide, the vectorial nature and rate of translation, molecular crowding, and cellular biosynthetic machinery. To better understand how this complex environment affects de novo folding pathways as they occur in the cell, we expressed β-barrel fluorescent proteins derived from GFP and RFP in an in vitro system that allows direct analysis of cotranslational folding intermediates. Quantitative analysis of ribosome-bound eCFP and mCherry fusion proteins revealed that productive folding exhibits a sharp threshold as the length of polypeptide from the C terminus to the ribosome peptidyltransferase center is increased. Fluorescence spectroscopy, urea denaturation, and limited protease digestion confirmed that sequestration of only 10–15 C-terminal residues within the ribosome exit tunnel effectively prevents stable barrel formation, whereas folding occurs unimpeded when the C terminus is extended beyond the ribosome exit site. Nascent FPs with 10 of the 11 β-strands outside the ribosome exit tunnel acquire a non-native conformation that is remarkably stable in diverse environments. Upon ribosome release, these structural intermediates fold efficiently with kinetics that are unaffected by the cytosolic crowding or cellular chaperones. Our results indicate that during synthesis, fluorescent protein folding is initiated cotranslationally via rapid formation of a highly stable, on-pathway structural intermediate and that the rate-limiting step of folding involves autonomous incorporation of the 11th β-strand into the mature barrel structure.
Clomazone Does Not Inhibit the Conversion of Isopentenyl Pyrophosphate to Geranyl, Farnesyl, or Geranylgeranyl Pyrophosphate in Vitro

Clomazone, an herbicide that reduces the levels of leaf carotenoids and chlorophylls, is thought to act by inhibiting isopentenyl pyrophosphate isomerase or the prenyltransferases responsible for the synthesis of geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate. Cell-free extracts prepared from the oil glands of common sage (Salvia officinalis) are capable of converting isopentenyl pyrophosphate to geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate. Clomazone at 250 micromolar (a level that produced leaf bleaching) had no detectable effect on the activity of the relevant enzymes (isopentenyl pyrophosphate isomerase and the three prenyltransferases, geranyl, farnesyl, and geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthases). Thus, inhibition of geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate biosynthesis does not appear to be the mode of action of this herbicide.
Scheduled Tribe Status for Adivasis in Assam

This essay examines the longstanding struggle that Adivasis in the Northeast Indian state of Assam have been waging with respect to their demand to be classified as Scheduled Tribes (STs). It takes...
Epidermal stem cells: interactions in developmental environments

Homeostasis of continuously renewing adult tissues, such as the epidermis of the skin, is maintained by epidermal stem cells (EpiSC), which are a small population of undifferentiated, self-renewing basal keratinocyte cells that produce daughter transit amplifying (TA) cells to make up the majority of the proliferative basal cell population in the epidermis. We have isolated EpiSC from neonatal and adult skin, and shown that these cells can regenerate an epidermis that lasts long term in vitro and in vivo, and that permanently expresses a recombinant gene in the regenerated tissue (Bickenbach and Dunnwald, 2000; Dunnwald et al., 2001). When we injected murine EpiSC into the developing blastocyst environment of the mouse, we found that both neonatal and adult EpiSC retained some ability to participate in the formation of tissues from all three germ layers (Liang and Bickenbach, 2002; Bickenbach and Chinnathambi, 2004; Liang et al., 2004). Although it appears evident that EpiSC act as pluripotent stem cells, how this reprogramming takes place is not understood. EpiSC might directly transdifferentiate into other cell types or they might first dedifferentiate into a more primitive cell type, and then proceed to develop along a cell lineage pathway. To begin to unravel this, we co-cultured EpiSC with embryonic stem (ES) cells, and found that EpiSC could alter their cell lineage protein expression to that of a more primitive cell type. We also placed EpiSC in a wounded environment and found that EpiSC interacted with the mesenchymal cells repopulating the wound bed. Our findings indicate that the population of cells that we isolate as EpiSC has a pluripotent capability. This has led us to postulate a paradigm shift for somatic stem cells. We propose that tissues maintain a sequestered population of uncommitted stem cells that retain a regenerative response which is enhanced when the cells are exposed to developmental or stress influences.
A kinetic study of analyte–receptor binding and dissociation for biosensor applications: a fractal analysis for cholera toxin and peptide–protein interactions

Abstract A fractal analysis is presented for (a) analyte–receptor binding and (b) binding and dissociation kinetics for biosensor applications. Examples analyzed include the binding of different concentrations of cholera toxin (CT) in solution to fluorophore-labeled ganglioside GM1 immobilized on a biomimetic membrane surface [16] , and tyrosine kinase lck SH2 domain in solution to a phosphorylated peptide immobilized on a new cuvette-based surface plasmon resonance (SPR) instrument [14] . A single and a dual-fractal analysis is required to describe the binding kinetics for CT. The dual-fractal analysis represents a change in the binding mechanism as the reaction progresses on the surface. A single and a dual-fractal analysis is required to describe the binding kinetics for tyrosine kinase lck SH2 domain in solution to the phosphorylated peptide. In this case, the dissociation kinetics may be described by a single-fractal analysis. Relationships are presented for the dissociation rate coefficient as a function of (a) the fractal dimension, D fd or the degree of heterogeneity that exists on the surface, and (b) as a function of the phosphotyrosine peptide, EPQY∗EEIPIYL concentration. When analyte–receptor dissociation is involved, an increase in the heterogeneity on the surface (increase in D fd ) leads to an increase in the dissociation rate coefficient.
Sarcoidosis treated with chloroquine.

Summary Though the majority of patients with sarcoidosis need no treatment, some do because of the development of pulmonary fibrosis, bronchial obstruction or eye and skin lesions. The only well-tried treatment is the use of corticosteroids, which are attended by side effects and risks when continued for long periods. Five cases of pulmonary sarcoidosis, in which spontaneous regression was not expected, were treated with chloroquine. The drug produced or maintained regression of the lesions, but the effect may have been suppressive rather than curative. It may prove to be a better and safer alternative than corticosteroids. Bleaching of the hair appears to be an inevitable side effect and watch should be kept for eye complications.
Type A behavior, cognitive defense, and stress.

This study considered the possible moderator effects of three cognitive variables—repression, awareness of defense, and breadth of scanning—upon the relationship between Type A behavior and stress. Type A college subjects of both sexes did not report significantly more stress than Type B students. However, (1) repression, (2) lack of awareness, and (3) narrow scanning served moderator roles for Type A subjects; each, considered singly or in combination, contributed to higher stress levels. These evasive cognitive qualities were not associated with higher stress in Type B subjects. The results, in combination with those from several previous studies, were interpreted within the context of a model relating coping strategies to management of stress in which evasive defensiveness that impedes direct action upon sources of stress is maladaptive.
Thucydides on the Insecurity of Tyranny: A Comment on Professors Lebow and Bluhm

I have no doubt that political theorists could make a useful contribution to our understanding of today's world. Whereas Bluhm seems to resent the intrusion of an international relations scholar into his domain, most of us, I think, would welcome his thoughts on the problems we study. An effort by him to understand the present through the experience of the past could only be greeted with the cry, to paraphrase a famous devotee of Chinese antiquity: "Let one hundred Bluhms flower!" D
Effects of multiple collaborated data streams in wireless sensor networks

Wireless sensor networks, in our paper, MICAz radio boards with sensors attached to them. Allow us to collect many information around us. When multiple collaborated input streams present, understanding the data with correct data fusion algorithms is important. In this paper, we will present the influences of the thresholds on data from wireless sensors. The hardware used in our project is the Berkeley mote MPR2400 and the MTS310 sensor board. The MIB600 is used as the Ethernet gateway interface for the motes. The MTS310 sensor is used successfully in the project to collect data from passing vehicles. The main topic of this project was to implement a form of machine learning by having the back end computer predict with high confidence that there is a vehicle present. The program MoteView is very efficient in configuring and surveying the motes in real time. This paper is an attempt to demonstrate the abilities of the current wireless sensor network technology.
The Leaf-shape Effect On Electromagnetic Scattering From Vegetated Media

Using the generalized Rayleigh Gans approximation along with the radiative transfer method, a bistatic backscattering model for a layer of randomly oriented, elliptic-shaped leaves is formulated. Following a similar procedure the bistatic scattering model for a layer of needle-shaped leaves is also developed to simulate coniferous vegetation. The differences between the scattering characteristics of the deciduous and coniferous leaves are illustrated numerically for different orientation and incidence angles. It is found that both like and cross polarizations are needed to differentiate the difference in scattering due to the shapes of the scatterers. The calculated backscattering coefficients are compared with measured values from artificial canopies with circular-shaped leaves.
Rat thecal/interstitial cells express transforming growth factor-β type 1 and 2, but only type 2 is regulated by gonadotropin in vitro

We previously demonstrated that granulosa cells from diethylstilbestrol-primed immature rats expressed transforming growth factor-beta 2 (TGF beta 2), but not TGF beta 1, mRNA and that its expression was regulated by FSH in vitro. The present studies were designed, therefore, to establish whether thecal/interstitial cells (TIC) from diethylstilbestrol-primed immature rats express more than one subtype of TGF beta mRNA and gene product and whether the levels of expression/production in vitro were regulated by LH/hCG. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis of total RNA indicated that TIC expressed both TGF beta 1 and TGF beta 2 mRNA. In response to hCG (200 ng/ml), TIC expressed TGF beta 2 mRNA levels that were 51% of control levels; TGF beta 1 mRNA levels were not altered. In response to cholera toxin (10(-9) M), TIC expression of TGF beta 2 and TGF beta 1 mRNA levels was 10% and 55% of control values, respectively. Western blot analysis established that both TGF beta 1 and TGF beta 2 were secreted in vitro. hCG and cholera toxin reduced secretion of TGF beta bioactivity by 55% and 90%, respectively. In summary, these results indicate: 1) TIC express both TGF beta 1 and TGF beta 2 mRNA; 2) TIC expression of TGF beta 2, but not TGF beta 1, mRNA is regulated by hCG in vitro; 3) TIC secrete both TGF beta 1 and TGF beta 2, and 4) TIC secretion in vitro of TGF beta activity is gonadotropin regulated.
The Online-Counseling Debate A View Toward the Underserved

This article responds to some important issues that Mallen, Vogel, Rochlen, and Day raise in “Online Counseling: Reviewing the Literature From a Counseling Psychology Framework.” This reaction reviews the appropriateness of online counseling for underserved populations. The author provides suggestions for better serving historically undeserved populations via the Internet. In addition, she describes the ways in which the Internet is currently useful for psychoeducational purposes.
Technology, terrorism, and the multiple perspective approach

The multiple perspective concepts, developed in 1977, has proven very useful in bridging the gap between analysis or modeling on the one hand, and the real world on the other. By introducing two perspectives to augment the traditional science/engineering based "technical" (or T) perspective, it has been consistently found that each of the three yields insights on complex sociotechnical systems that cannot be obtained with the others. The two perspectives are the "organizational" (or O) perspective and the "personal" (or P) perspective. Applications have ranged from technology assessment to regional planning to the study of industrial catastrophe. The cross-cuing or integration of the three perspectives on a given system provides an enhances basis for decision making. The recent concern with terrorism strongly suggests the value of adding a fourth perspective, one first briefly mentioned by the author in his 1999 book: the "religious/mythological" (or R) perspective. This paper focuses on the need to consider the R perspective in the context of 21/sup st/ century conflict management.
Identification and assessment of markers of biotin status in healthy adults

Human biotin requirements are unknown and the identification of reliable markers of biotin status is necessary to fill this knowledge gap. Here, we used an outpatient feeding protocol to create states of biotin deficiency, sufficiency and supplementation in sixteen healthy men and women. A total of twenty possible markers of biotin status were assessed, including the abundance of biotinylated carboxylases in lymphocytes, the expression of genes from biotin metabolism and the urinary excretion of biotin and organic acids. Only the abundance of biotinylated 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase (holo-MCC) and propionyl-CoA carboxylase (holo-PCC) allowed for distinguishing biotin-deficient and biotin-sufficient individuals. The urinary excretion of biotin reliably identified biotin-supplemented subjects, but did not distinguish between biotin-depleted and biotin-sufficient individuals. The urinary excretion of 3-hydroxyisovaleric acid detected some biotin-deficient subjects, but produced a meaningful number of false-negative results and did not distinguish between biotin-sufficient and biotin-supplemented individuals. None of the other organic acids that were tested were useful markers of biotin status. Likewise, the abundance of mRNA coding for biotin transporters, holocarboxylase synthetase and biotin-dependent carboxylases in lymphocytes were not different among the treatment groups. Generally, datasets were characterised by variations that exceeded those seen in studies in cell cultures. We conclude that holo-MCC and holo-PCC are the most reliable, single markers of biotin status tested in the present study.
Response to Letter Regarding Article, “Aspirin: A Historical and Contemporary Therapeutic Overview”

We read the letter about our review1 by Dr Furstenwerth with great interest. Dr Furstenwerth's analysis and comments on the historical aspects related to the discovery of acetylsalicylic acid are well taken. We agree, the initial observations put forth …
Objectively measured physical activity in sixth-grade girls.

Objectives To describe the objectively measured physical activity characteristics of a diverse sample of sixth-grade girls, to examine influences on physical activity, and to report compliance with physical activity guidelines. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Six locations across the United States. Participants A total of 1578 sixth-grade girls. Accelerometers were worn for 7 days, and data for 6 days were included in the analyses. Main Exposures Race/ethnicity, free or reduced-price lunch, and geographic region. Main Outcome Measures Six operational definitions of adequate activity (60 or 30 minutes of daily moderate to vigorous physical activity at or above 4.6, 3.8, or 3.0 metabolic equivalents) were used to examine whether girls met physical activity guidelines. Results Average times spent in sedentary, light, moderate, and vigorous activities were 460, 342, 18, and 6 min/d, respectively. White girls were more active than girls in other race/ethnic groups, and girls who did not receive free or reduced-price lunch were more active than girls who did. Girls in western states were most active. Percentages of girls in compliance with the 6 thresholds for adequate activity varied widely and ranged from 0.6% to 100.0%. Conclusions When physical activity is measured objectively and a 4.6–metabolic equivalents cut point for moderate to vigorous physical activity is used, most sixth-grade girls do not meet guidelines for adequate physical activity. One notable finding was the effect of different accelerometer scoring protocols on estimates of compliance. Conceptual and empirical work is needed to define appropriate physical activity for youth using objective physical activity measures.
A qualitative analysis evaluating the purposes and practices of clinical documentation.

Objectives: An important challenge for biomedical informatics researchers is determining the best approach for healthcare providers to use when generating clinical notes in settings where electronic health record (EHR) systems are used. The goal of this qualitative study was to explore healthcare providers’ and administrators’ perceptions about the purpose of clinical documentation and their own documentation practices. Methods: We conducted seven focus groups with a total of 46 subjects composed of healthcare providers and administrators to collect knowledge, perceptions and beliefs about documentation from those who generate and review notes, respectively. Data were analyzed using inductive analysis to probe and classify impressions collected from focus group subjects. Results: We observed that both healthcare providers and administrators believe that documentation serves five primary domains: clinical, administrative, legal, research, education. These purposes are tied closely to the nature of the clinical note as a document shared by multiple stakeholders, which can be a source of tension for all parties who must use the note. Most providers reported using a combination of methods to complete their notes in a timely fashion without compromising patient care. While all administrators reported relying on computer-based documentation tools to review notes, they expressed a desire for a more efficient method of extracting relevant data. Conclusions: Although clinical documentation has utility, and is valued highly by its users, the development and successful adoption of a clinical documentation tool largely depends on its ability to be smoothly integrated into the provider’s busy workflow, while allowing the provider to generate a note that communicates effectively and efficiently with multiple stakeholders.
The internet measurement data catalog

Internet data remains one of the basic components of computer science network research. Despite its necessity, available data is limited by legal, social, and technical constraints on its collection and distribution. Thus, optimal distribution of knowledge about available data is a valuable service to the research community. To this end, CAIDA has developed the Internet Measurement Data Catalog to:provide a searchable index of available dataenhance documentation of datasets via a public annotation systemadvance network science by promoting reproducible researchThis paper describes the impetus, design, and planned deployment of the Internet Measurement Data Catalog.
Initial results of a survey of radiation oncology residency programs.

Since 1971 the chief residents of the Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology have conducted an annual survey of Radiology Chief Residents, with intent to use the collected data to improve the training of diagnostic radiology residents nationwide (1). The American Association of Academic Chief Residents in Radiology also meets yearly to discuss resident training and review the annual survey results. To our knowledge, no such data have been collected from radiation oncology training programs. We conducted a similar survey related to research responsibilities and academic meeting attendance, resident education and clinical responsibilities, and benefits in accredited radiation oncology programs in the 2012-2013 academic year.
Multi-faceted Event Recognition with Bootstrapped Dictionaries

Identifying documents that describe a specific type of event is challenging due to the high complexity and variety of event descriptions. We propose a multi-faceted event recognition approach, which identifies documents about an event using event phrases as well as defining characteristics of the event. Our research focuses on civil unrest events and learns civil unrest expressions as well as phrases corresponding to potential agents and reasons for civil unrest. We present a bootstrapping algorithm that automatically acquires event phrases, agent terms, and purpose (reason) phrases from unannotated texts. We use the bootstrapped dictionaries to identify civil unrest documents and show that multi-faceted event recognition can yield high accuracy.
MEASURING SELF-EFFICACY AMONG DRUG-INVOLVED PROBATIONERS " '

Self-efficacy has been shown to be related to outcomes from interventions for alcohol and tobacco abuse but relatively little attention has been focused on it in evaluations of treatment for illicit drug abuse. Almost no research has examined offenders involved with drugs. The current study, therefore, adapted the Alcohol Abstinence Self-efficacy Scale of DiClemente, Carbonari, Montgomery, and Hughes and administered it to 250 probationers mandated to 6 months of residential treatment. With some modifications, confirmatory factory models replicated four previously reported dimensions, e.g., Negative Affect, Social/Positive, Physical and Other Concerns, Cravings and Urges. Findings also indicated high construct validity for the Alcohol Abstinence Self-efficacy Scale as adapted here. Studies are needed to examine the use of self-efficacy as a prospective measure of treatment progress and to explore its association with outcomes from corrections-based treatment.
Sesquiterpene emissions from vegetation: A review

Abstract. This literature review summarizes the environmental controls governing biogenic sesquiterpene (SQT) emissions and presents a compendium of numerous SQT-emitting plant species as well as the quantities and ratios of SQT species they have been observed to emit. The results of many enclosure-based studies indicate that temporal SQT emission variations appear to be dominated mainly by ambient temperatures although other factors contribute (e.g., seasonal variations). This implies that SQT emissions have increased significance at certain times of the year, especially in late spring to mid-summer. The strong temperature dependency of SQT emissions also creates the distinct possibility of increasing SQT emissions in a warmer climate. Disturbances to vegetation (from herbivores and possibly violent weather events) are clearly also important in controlling short-term SQT emissions bursts, though the relative contribution of disturbance-induced emissions is not known. Based on the biogenic SQT emissions studies reviewed here, SQT emission rates among numerous species have been observed to cover a wide range of values, and exhibit substantial variability between individuals and across species, as well as at different environmental and phenological states. These emission rates span several orders of magnitude (10s–1000s of ng gDW-1 h−1). Many of the higher rates were reported by early SQT studies, which may have included artificially-elevated SQT emission rates due to higher-than-ambient enclosure temperatures and disturbances to enclosed vegetation prior to and during sample collection. When predicting landscape-level SQT fluxes, modelers must consider the numerous sources of variability driving observed SQT emissions. Characterizations of landscape and global SQT fluxes are highly uncertain given differences and uncertainties in experimental protocols and measurements, the high variability in observed emission rates from different species, the selection of species that have been studied so far, and ambiguities regarding controls over emissions. This underscores the need for standardized experimental protocols, better characterization of disturbance-induced emissions, screening of dominant plant species, and the collection of multiple replicates from several individuals within a given species or genus as well as a better understanding of seasonal dependencies of SQT emissions in order to improve the representation of SQT emission rates.
Mechanisms of aggression and production in chickens: genetic variations in the functions of serotonin, catecholamine, and corticosterone

The neuroendocrine systems, such as dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT) as well as corticosterone (CORT), are involved in regulating behavioural patterns and reproduction in humans and other mammals. Similar functions of neuroendocrine system may present in laying hens. To test the hypothesis, two divergent chicken lines were used in the study. Each line has distinct levels of aggressiveness and productivity at a group setting and exhibits differen susceptibility to various environmental stressors. We found that, at 21 wks of age, LGPS (Low Group Productivity and Survivability) birds had significantly higher blood concentrations of DA and epinephrine than the KGB birds (Kind Gentle Birds, also previously termed HGPS, birds with a High Group Productivity and Survivability) (P<0.01, respectively). The blood concentration of norepinephrine was not significantly different between the lines but the ratio of epinephrine to norepinephrine was higher in LGPS birds (P<0.01). The blood concentration of 5-HT was also significantly higher in LGPS birds compared to KGB birds (P<0.01). In contrast, KGB birds tended to have a higher level of blood CORT (P=0.1). The results suggest that genetic selection for productivity and survivability with domestic behaviours alters the birds' neuroendocrine homeostasis. The selection-associated plasticity of the neuroendocrine system in controlling animal aggression and productivity were discussed in the article.
The integrative role of CNS fuel-sensing mechanisms in energy balance and glucose regulation

The incidences of both obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus are rising at epidemic proportions. Despite this, the balance between caloric intake and expenditure is tremendously accurate under most circumstances. Growing evidence suggests that nutrient and hormonal signals converge and directly act on brain centers, leading to changes in fuel metabolism and, thus, stable body weight over time. Growing evidence also suggests that these same signals act on the central nervous system (CNS) to regulate glucose metabolism independently. We propose that this is not coincidental and that the CNS responds to peripheral signals to orchestrate changes in both energy and glucose homeostasis. In this way the CNS ensures that the nutrient demands of peripheral tissues (and likely of the brain itself) are being met. Consequently, dysfunction of the ability of the CNS to integrate fuel-sensing signals may underlie the etiology of metabolic diseases such as obesity and diabetes.
Emotion in the Workplace: A Reappraisal

Although the experience of work is saturated with emotion, research has generally neglected the impact of everyday emotions on organizational life. Further, organizational scholars and practitioners frequently appear to assume that emotionality is the antithesis of rationality and, thus, frequently hold a pejorative view of emotion. This has led to four institutionalized mechanisms for regulating the experience and expression of emotion in the workplace: (1) neutralizing, (2) buffering, (3) prescribing, and (4) normalizing emotion. In contrast to this perspective, we argue that emotionality and rationality are interpenetrated, emotions are an integral and inseparable part of organizational life, and emotions are often functional for the organization. This argument is illustrated by applications to motivation, leadership, and group dynamics.
Clinical-pathologic conference in general thoracic surgery: bilateral lung transplantation for sarcoidosis with aspergilloma.

Surgical Pathology Dr Jon Ritter Case Presentation Dr Ciccone: The patient is a 47-year-old man who was hospitalized 16 years ago for “asthma.” He had a less than complete response to initial therapy, and his treating physician’s inclination at that time was that he had tuberculosis. That same year, a diagnosis of sarcoidosis was established after a lung biopsy. He had a history of systemic hypertension, osteoporosis, and gout. His condition remained stable until 3 years ago, at which time his symptoms of dyspnea worsened. He required increasing supplemental oxygen. Two years ago he was seen, evaluated, and eventually listed for bilateral lung transplantation. By spirometry, the forced expiratory volume in 1 second was only 0.55 L, 16% of predicted, and the forced vital capacity was 1.81 L, or 44% of predicted. Six months ago he was hospitalized for an exacerbation of his respiratory symptoms. He was treated and enrolled in our pulmonary rehabilitation program. On physical examination, the patient had poor chest excursion and coarse breath sounds bilaterally. The remainder of his physical examination was unremarkable. Perhaps we could review the relevant radiographic findings. Dr Glazer: Chest radiograph and computed tomographic images demonstrate findings consistent with the clinical diagnosis of end-stage sarcoidosis. The chest radiograph (Figure 1) shows extensive bullous formation and scarring, predominantly in the mid and upper lungs, with compensatory hyperinflation in the lower lungs. Superior retraction of the hila is seen. An opacity is seen within the dependent portion of a large cystic space in the left upper hemithorax, likely representing a fungus ball. Similar findings are seen on the computed tomographic scan (Figure 2). Large cystic spaces are noted with central bronchial distortion and angulation. A dependent opacity, likely a fungus ball, is seen within a large cystic space in the left lung. Dr Patterson: Dr Glazer, we typically think of sarcoidosis as being an inflammatory fibrotic lung disease. This certainly is not the picture of classic pulmonary fibrosis with decreased lung volumes. Would you describe the radiographic findings as being typical of a diagnosis of sarcoidosis? Dr Glazer: End-stage sarcoidosis is characterized by a variety of findings, including bronchial distortion, linear opacities, peripheral honeycombing, and in
Using Narrative Inquiry to Understand a Student–Teacher's Practical Knowledge While Teaching in an Inner-City School

The present study uses narrative inquiry to follow, July, a preservice teacher's journey through her yearlong placement in an inner-city school. A qualitative analysis of four interviews, 12 written reflections, and seven transcribed group discussions revealed a sense of culture shock felt by Julie. In particular, her sense of conflict focused around self as she interacted with her mentoring teachers, her students, and coping with doubts about her own abilities and self-worth. Julie's story suggests clear ways of avoiding similar situations in the future and improving preservice teaching generally.
THERMODYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF DRYING FOODS

Thermodynamic functions computed for food systems showing hysteresis indicate considerable differences. There appears to exist no qualitative agreement between the values obtained. Large differences in values between the adsorption an desorp-tion branches of isotherms make the absolute magnitude of the entropy and enthalpy changes uncertain. The desorption iso-steric heat was found to decrease with temperature while the adsorption branch of the isotherm for a few foods were found to exhibit temperature reversal effect giving higher values at low temperatures. Such trend may indicate either transition in the form of binding energy or the effect of temperature on structural alterations. In designing drying equipment, the isosteric heat of desorption will provide “a worst case” analysis as the true isosteric heat will lie somewhere between the adsorption and desorption isosteric heat. Any overcalculation in designing equipment by using the desorption branch of hysteresis data can only be in favor of increase...
POTENTIAL HETEROTROPHY IN A NATURAL POPULATION OF OSCILLATORIA AGARDHII VAR. ISOTHRIX SKUJA

Direct evidence is presented from radioautography that four species of blue-green algae can take up glucose-14C and acetate-14C at the low concentrations known to occur in lake water. The kinetics of glucose-14C uptake by Oscillatoria agardhii var. isothrix Skuja demonstrate that uptake is metabolic. The quantitative importance of such uptake in the development of the algal population cannot be assessed from the data, but the fact that O. agardhii develops massive densities in the microaerobic zone of many lakes suggests that heterotrophy may be very important to this alga and perhaps to other species occupying this habitat. The phenomenon may occur generally since O. agardhii and lakes with clinograde oxygen curves have worldwide distributions.
Incorporating Subjective Global Assessment into The Dietetic Internship Curriculum

Abstract Dietetics practitioners are looking for new skills to enhance their position in the healthcare arena. While dietitians are experts in traditional nutrition assessment, few are as well versed in techniques featuring physical assessment of nutritional status. In order to help dietetic interns acquire these new skills, a faculty member, using funding from a faculty development award and corporate support, undertook an intensive training program in the techniques of subjective global assessment (SGA), a method of assessing nutritional status using subjective clinical criteria. Faith Ottery, M.D., Ph.D, a nationally known teacher and researcher, conducted the initial faculty training program. The program offered an in-depth didactic component, hands-on physical assessment of malnourished patients, and hospital rounds. The training session educated department faculty members, graduate students, dietetic clinical preceptors, and other dietitians and healthcare practitioners. Nearly all participants gave the program the highest ratings possible. Immediate benefits of the training in SGA were enhanced faculty competence and stronger educational preparation and clinical training of graduate students and interns in nutrition and dietetics. Using skills and materials from the initial training workshop, a program was developed for the dietetic internship and incorporated into the curriculum. Basic information on the techniques of SGA is presented in a lecture format, followed by a hands-on program where interns were guided through a physical assessment of two malnourished patients and normal comparison subjects. The interns were enthusiastic about physical nutritional assessment, particularly the opportunity to examine real patients. Feedback indicates that students have applied these techniques during the course of the year in their clinical rotations. In addition to the internship workshop, subjective global assessment has been and is in the process of being incorporated into additional graduate courses in the curriculum.
Multiresolution analysis of two-dimensional 1/f processes: approximation methods for random variable transformations

University of South FloridaDepartment of RadiologyDigital Medical Imaging ProgramTampa, Florida 33612-4799E-mail: clarke@splinter.mofﬁtt.usf.eduAbstract. The multiresolution wavelet expansion is used as a simplify-ing mechanism for the parametric analysis of complicated highly corre-lated random ﬁelds. A previously developed approximation method isapplied to simulated statistically self-similar random ﬁelds for furtherevaluation. This approach can be considered as a simplifying method forrandom variable transformations for some important applications. Theapproach overcomes many of the difﬁculties associated with predictingthe output ﬁeld probability distribution function resulting from passing anon-Gaussian random process through a linear network. Here, the mul-tiresolution wavelet expansion can be considered as a linear network.The ideas are illustrated with three related simulated noise ﬁelds: a whitenoise input ﬁeld distributed proportional to a zero order hyperbolic Besselfunction and two 1/f noise processes resulting from ﬁltering the whitenoise process. The ﬁelds are analyzed with an orthogonal multiresolutionwavelet expansion. The expansion components are studied with para-metric analysis, where the probability models are all derived from onefamily of functions. In addition, the study illustrates some interesting non-intuitive statistical properties of the ﬁltered ﬁelds.
A soft decision based noise cross power spectral density estimation for two-microphone speech enhancement systems

The coherence function has been successfully applied to two-microphone speech enhancement systems. Recently, cross power spectral density (cross-PSD) estimation was proposed to further improve the coherence based two-microphone speech enhancement systems, especially for the case that the cross correlation between the two channel noises can not be ignored. In this paper, we propose a more robust noise cross-PSD estimation method based on an effective soft decision approach using minimum statistics, which can work well even in highly adverse conditions. Experimental results using real signals recorded in a running car demonstrate the proposed approach can obtain more less speech distortion with the same SNR improvement.
Tissue augmentation and replacement of a heel fat pad with a decellularized sterile human dermal matrix.

The use of xenografts and allografts has been primarily direct- ed at chronic wounds and tendon repair. Currently, there are no known devices in this category that can successfully be used to augment tis- sue. Patients who have undergone trauma and subsequent surgery, par- ticularly in weight-bearing areas, may experience pain with pressure or ambulation at the site. This report illustrates the use of an allograft for tissue augmentation in a young individual who was involved in a motor vehicle accident resulting in loss of the plantar fat pad. An allograft was successfully used for tissue replacement, thereby reducing pain and facilitating weight-bearing ambulation.
Abstract WMP70: HIF-1alpha Sumoylation Provides Neuroprotection in Ischemic Stroke

Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) is a transcriptional factor that regulates the cellular adaptive response to hypoxia and has been suggested as a potent therapeutic target in stroke. To find new post-transpational modification pathways of HIF-1 in ischemic brain, we determined SUMOylation of HIF-1α protein in ischemic brain of a rat middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) stroke model. The results demonstrated that SUMOylation of HIF-1α by SUMO1 was increased in the ischemic brain. Immunostaining images showed that HIF-1α co-localized with SUMO1 in the neuron nucleus of the ischemic brain. Inhibition of HIF-1α SUMOylation by Ubc9 siRNA reduced HIF-1α protein level in primary neurons during hypoxia. Furthermore, ischemia-induced neuron death was increased by the Ubc9 siRNA. The results, for the first time, demonstrate that HIF-1α is directly SUMOylated in the ischemic brain. HIF-1α SUMOylation is important for HIF-1α stability and neuron survival during ischemia. These results complement the knowledge about HIF-1 regulation in ischemic brain and shed new light on the role of HIF-1 as a stroke therapeutic target.
Integration of Faradaic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy into a scalable surface plasmon biosensor for in tandem detection

We present an integrated label-free biosensor based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and Faradaic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (f-EIS) sensing modalities, for the simultaneous detection of biological analytes. Analyte detection is based on the angular spectroscopy of surface plasmon resonance and the extraction of charge transfer resistance values from reduction-oxidation reactions at the gold surface, as responses to functionalized surface binding events. To collocate the measurement areas and fully integrate the modalities, holographically exposed thin-film gold SPR-transducer gratings are patterned into coplanar electrodes for tandem impedance sensing. Mutual non-interference between plasmonic and electrochemical measurement processes is shown, and using our scalable and compact detection system, we experimentally demonstrate biotinylated surface capture of neutravidin concentrations as low as 10 nM detection, with a 5.5 nM limit of detection.
The Chemistry of Soft Rubber Vulcanization. I. Measurement of Vulcanization

Abstract For a series of rubber-sulfur compounds and for four commercial, high-gum accelerated compounds the changes during cure have been measured by a series of physical tests. The change in combined sulfur has also been measured for the rubber-sulfur compounds. Experimental conditions have been so controlled that all results are comparable. Based on the experimental results, a set of criteria has been selected with approximate limiting values for unvulcanized and for vulcanized rubber. Conditions are specified under which the criteria can be used to measure the degree of vulcanization. The selection of these criteria is, in effect, a definition in terms of the changes in physical properties which limits the meaning of the term “vulcanization” in a manner useful for the study of the phenomenon. The difference in the rate of change of the several properties is interpreted as evidence that during vulcanization a mechanical structure is built up.
Abstract B73: Ketogenic diet enhances immunity to glioblastoma

Glioblastomas are the most common and malignant brain tumor in adults and account for over 50% of all gliomas. Current standard of care combines surgical resection with temozolomide chemotherapy and radiotherapy, but 5 year survival rates remain less than 20%. There is a critical need for new therapies that increase efficacy without increasing toxicity. One therapeutic target can be found in the aberrant metabolism that is a hallmark of cancer. We have previously used an intracranial syngeneic immunocompetent mouse model of malignant glioma to demonstrate that targeting metabolism using a ketogenic diet reduced tumor burden and increased survival. The ketogenic diet is a high fat, low carbohydrate plus protein diet used for the treatment of refractory pediatric epilepsy. Mice maintained on a ketogenic diet (KetoCal®, Nutricia North America, Gaithersburg, MD) had a reduction in inflammation and peri-tumoral edema, prompting us to question the effects of the ketogenic diet on the infiltration and the functionality of glioblastoma-reactive immune cells. Immune cells were isolated from malignant gliomas from mice treated with either the ketogenic diet or a standard diet. Glioblastoma-specific immune cells were tested for functionality via cytokine production, capacity for cytotoxicity, and amount of infiltration. We found the ketogenic diet significantly decreased expression of the inhibitory receptors CTLA4 and PD-1 on tumor-infiltrating T cells, and coincided with a reduction in inhibitory ligand expression on the tumor. Moreover, this reduced T cell tolerance at the tumor site allowed CD8+ T cells to produce IFNγ and IL-2, and regain cytotoxic functions. Additionally, the ketogenic diet caused a reduction in immunosuppressive cytokine production via regulatory T cells. Innate immune responses to the tumor were also altered in mice maintained on the ketogenic diet, as natural killer cells infiltrating the tumor were able to produce more IFNγ and TNF in response to GL261-luc2 cells in vitro. Overall, the ketogenic diet may be an attractive adjuvant therapy to overcome several immune escape mechanisms in gliomas by decreasing regulatory T cell suppression of effector T cells and increasing CD8+ T cell killing and cytokine production, ultimately leading to increased tumor immune mediated rejection. Citation Format: John L. Johnson, Eric Woolf, Danielle M. Lussier, Ken S. Brooks, Joseph N. Blattman, Adrienne C. Scheck. Ketogenic diet enhances immunity to glioblastoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy: A New Chapter; December 1-4, 2014; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2015;3(10 Suppl):Abstract nr B73.