cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Tranexamic Acid Can Be Administered to Arthroplasty Patients Who Receive Aspirin for Venous Thromboembolic Prophylaxis.

Abstract Background Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is not uncommon after total joint arthroplasty (TJA). Various prophylactic agents have been used to minimize this complication after TJA. Numerous studies have demonstrated that acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) has equivalent efficacy to other agents in preventing VTE after TJA. However, some have expressed theoretical concern that ASA may not be an adequate VTE prophylaxis in TJA patients receiving tranexamic acid (TA), which is an antifibrinolytic agent. The purpose of the study was to assess the safety and efficacy of administering systemic TA in TJA patients who also received ASA for VTE prophylaxis. Methods A retrospective study was conducted on 2835 consecutive patients (1678 receiving TA and 1157 not receiving TA) who underwent primary or revision TJA between January 2013 and June 2014 and also received aspirin for VTE prophylaxis. The incidence of symptomatic deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism was evaluated. Results Blood loss and transfusion rates were significantly lower in the TA group compared to the non-TA group ( P P = .017, respectively). The incidence of VTE, bleeding events, and wound complications was similar ( P > .05) between the groups. Conclusion In patients undergoing TJA who receive ASA for VTE prophylaxis, TA reduces bleeding and transfusions without increasing the incidence of subsequent VTE.
Qualitative and Mixed Methods Social Media Research A Review of the Literature

Social media technologies have attracted substantial attention among many types of users including researchers who have published studies for several years. This article presents an overview of tre...
Melting curve of NaCl to 20 GPa from electrical measurements of capacitive current

Using an in situ electrical method and the multi-anvil apparatus, we determined the melting curve of sodium chloride (NaC1) up to ~20 GPa, with an estimated uncertainty of ±40 K. Our results agree well with the existing data up to 6.5 GPa. At higher pressures, the melting temperatures from this study are as much as 200 K higher than those from an experimental study using the diamond-anvil cell (DAC), and are up to 500 K lower than those from theoretical studies using molecular dynamics (MD). The discrepancies may originate from surface melting in the DAC measurements, which underestimate the melting temperature, and from superheating in MD calculations, which over-predict the melting temperature. Fitting our results to the Simon equation yield ( T / T 0 ) 4.5 = ( P – P 0 )/0.6 + 1, where T and T 0 are the melting temperatures at P and P 0 , respectively, with T 0 = 1073.6 K, T in K and P in GPa. The Simon equation fits the experimental data within uncertainties and therefore can be used to interpolate the melting curve. Using the equation of state (EoS) of NaCl at 300 K, the results are fitted to the Kraut-Kennedy equation in the form of T / T 0 = ( V 0 – V )/ V 0 ·4.37 + 1, where T (in K) and T 0 (= 1073.6 K) are the melting temperatures at V and V 0 (at 0.0001 GPa), respectively. At pressures above 14 GPa, the experimental data deviate from the Kraut-Kennedy equation fit toward lower temperatures, probably because the volume dependence of the Gruneisen parameter was ignored in the equation. The Gilvarry-Lindemann equation T m ~ 1.689· f 2 ·Θ 0 2 · ( V 0 / V ) 2(γ–1/3) provides a satisfactory fit to the melting curve of NaCl between 0 and 19 GPa if the exponent q in the volume dependence of the Gruneisen parameter γ = γ 0 · ( V/V 0 ) q is allowed to deviate from one. Given that the melting curve of NaCl up to 6.5 GPa is well established, monitoring the melting of NaCl offers an efficient alternative for pressure calibration of large-volume high-pressure apparatus for Earth science applications.
Rapid Determination of Polymer Stereoregularity Using Band-Selective 2D HSQC

We report the use of band-selective 2D HSQC NMR spectroscopy to rapidly determine the stereoregularity of polymers usually analyzed by 1D 13C NMR spectroscopy. This approach reduced the time required to characterize the triad stereosequences of polyacrylonitrile from about an hour to a few minutes, and can be performed with sufficient 13C resolution to resolve higher-order stereosequences, such as the pentads of polypropylene.
Medicaid Long-Term Care: State Variation and the Intergovernmental Lobby

Medicaid is vastly more important than Medicare or private insurance in funding long-term care (LTC). However, states vary tremendously in their commitment to Medicaid LTC. This article advances knowledge of the origins, nature, and implications of this variation. After examining the degree of variation in state spending on Medicaid LTC, we show how federal policy has over the past fifty years steadily increased state discretion to shape these services. This decentralization largely reflects the potency of the intergovernmental lobby-governors and other state officials-in influencing federal policy. While fueling state variation, the intergovernmental lobby has also provided valuable political support that has helped Medicaid grow and resist retrenchment. After considering policy options that could mitigate Medicaid LTC inequities rooted in state differences, we assess how the catalytic forces that have fueled growth in Medicaid LTC may be insufficient to protect the program from future erosion.
THE MAJOR SECTIONS OR GROUPS WITHIN SOBRALIA, WITH FOUR NEW SPECIES FROM PANAMA AND COSTA RICA, S. CRISPISSIMA, S. GLORIANA, S. MARIANNAE AND S. NUTANS

The sectional classification of Sobralia is discussed, based on a system proposed by Brieger, and f o u r n e w s p e c i e s o f Sobr al i a a r e d e s c r i b e d f r o m P a n a m a a n d C o s t a R i c a , S . c r i s p i s s i m a , S . g l o r i a n a , S. nutans and S. mariannae.
High-yielding Seed Production Techniques of Good-quality Superhigh-yielding Hybrid Late Indica Rice "Rongyou 225"

The paper introduced the main characteristics and high-yielding seed production techniques of good-quality superhigh-yielding hybrid late indica rice combination "Rongyou 225".
Acyclovir for treatment of varicella in immunecompetent patients.

Varicella, one of the most common childhood diseases, can cause significant morbidity and even mortality in immunecompetent persons. In the U.S. alone, an estimated 4000-6000 otherwise normal youngsters are hospitalized every year with an annual death rate for immunecompetent persons of 96. This article reviews and updates progress in clinical trials utilizing oral acyclovir for treatment of varicella in immunecompetent patients. Three placebo-controlled, double-blind studies of acyclovir in normal youngsters and adolescents found that the drug reduced the height and duration of fever and accelerated cutaneous healing without producing any adverse effects. Acyclovir did not diminish VZV antibody titers measured one year post-varicella by either ELISA or FAMA methods. A recent study in 148 immunecompetent adults demonstrated that acyclovir can significantly reduce fever and hasten cutaneous healing. Acyclovir is thus of proven benefit for treatment of varicella. The major issue remaining is who should be treated, and the pros and cons of this are discussed.
The Conceptual Neighborhood

We have, so far, outlined a theory of truces and defended it against charges of cynicism and appeasement. We have also established that truce thinking has a “deep” history in the West’s intellectual tradition. It is now time to situate truce thinking in a more contemporary “intellectual neighborhood.” In this chapter I examine how it is related to recent debates in political philosophy and international relations theory. Specifically, I examine its ties to the “political theory of modus vivendi” developed since the start of this century by thinkers such as John Gray and John Horton, to philosophical accounts of political reconciliation in the aftermath of mass violence, and to discussions about the meaning of containment in international relations. This chapter should both orient the reader as to the place of the proposed theory of truces in the current scholarly literature and further bring into focus, by means of comparison, some of the theory’s most distinctive features.
Die Programmierung von Grafik

Die Programmierung von Grafik ist ein relativ neues Gebiet. Es gibt Hard- und Softwarewerkzeuge, mit denen man sowohl Daten und Funktionen visualisieren, als auch sehr komplexe Systeme in einer grafischen Weise simulieren kann. In diesem Kapitel werden wir untersuchen, wie man mit Mathematica grafische Bilder erzeugt und wie man Programme schreibt, um damit Probleme losen zu konnen, die von ihrer Natur her grafisch sind.
Collective Action for Rural Village Development

Field surveys and interviews in the native languages were conducted during 2010 in 17 villages located in the mountainous region of Gorno-Badakhshan, Tajikistan. When local village leaders were considered able and were trusted by the community, the village organization devised and carried out development projects with training and some funding from representatives of the Aga Khan Foundation. Photographic evidence showed the positive effects of collective action on the material well-being of villagers.
Convergence and divergence in academic and industrial interests on IOT based manufacturing

The manufacturing industry is poised to embrace a major disruption due to the advent of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS), or popularly known as Internet of Things (IOT). Recent past witnessed a hype phase where diverse set of industries recognized the transformational potential of IOT to amplify efficiencies and reduce costs. Today many organizations have are open to extracting business value from adoption of IOT solutions and some among them have already started implementing or implemented IOT projects at commercial scale. In this work we create a knowledge map of “IOT enabled manufacturing” in academics research and compare it with that in industry. We use keyword co-occurrence network (KCN) to map the connections between keywords appearing in academic work. Statistical properties of KCN enable us to compare academic and industrial direction in IOT enabled manufacturing.
The Importance of International Students Learning Informal English

The article shares the experiences of an IU East English graduate student who Hosts international students and works with them as English language learners. The differences between formal and informal language are discussed. Ideas, concerns, and struggles provide context for helping students, host families, and the individuals and organizations involved in the exchange student experience.
P56: Retrievable inferior vena cava filters in bariatric patients

and magnitude of the effect substantial) that Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery should be offered for appropriately selected patients with BMI 40 to induce weight loss. Evidence is less compelling for co-morbidity control and quality of life improvements. There is insufficient information to recommend bariatric surgery for the elderly, those with substantial surgical risk or adolescents. Conclusion: The VA and DoD has completed a year-long effort using a structured process to evaluate the strength of the evidence in support of Bariatric Surgery. The resultant document will serve as the treatment guideline for the VA and DoD. These guidelines should replace the 1991 NIH guidelines that were based on substantially less data than the current set. PII: S1550-7289(06)00397-2
Protein acyltransferase DHHC3 regulates breast tumor growth, oxidative stress, and senescence

DHHC-type protein acyltransferases may regulate the localization, stability, and/or activity of their substrates. In this study, we show that the protein palmitoyltransferase DHHC3 is upregulated in malignant and metastatic human breast cancer. Elevated expression of DHHC3 correlated with diminished patient survival in breast cancer and six other human cancer types. ZDHHC3 ablation in human MDA-MB-231 mammary tumor cell xenografts reduced the sizes of both the primary tumor and metastatic lung colonies. Gene array data and fluorescence dye assays documented increased oxidative stress and senescence in ZDHHC3-ablated cells. ZDHHC3-ablated tumors also showed enhanced recruitment of innate immune cells (antitumor macrophages, natural killer cells) associated with clearance of senescent tumors. These antitumor effects were reversed upon reconstitution with wild-type, but not enzyme-active site-deficient DHHC3. Concomitant ablation of the upregulated oxidative stress protein TXNIP substantially negated the effects of ZDHHC3 depletion on oxidative stress and senescence. Diminished DHHC3-dependent palmitoylation of ERGIC3 protein likely played a key role in TXNIP upregulation. In conclusion, DHHC3-mediated protein palmitoylation supports breast tumor growth by modulating cellular oxidative stress and senescence. Cancer Res; 77(24); 6880-90. ©2017 AACR.
Calculations of Superparamagnetic Clustering in Random Alloys of Magnetic Atoms in Nonmagnetic Matrices

Superparamagnetic clustering has been investigated in FCC and BCC random substitutional alloys of magnetic solutes in nonmagnetic matrices using a Monte Carlo type computer simulation technique. Two alternative definitions of “superparamagnetic cluster” were used:(a) a set of impurity atoms each of which is coupled to at least one other by a ferromagnetic first near neighbor (1NN) interaction; (b) a set of impurity atoms each of which is coupled ferromagnetically to at least one other by either a first near neighbor interaction or a second near neighbor (2NN) interaction. The magnetic susceptibility calculated for clusters using definition b agrees quite well with the experimental susceptibility data for quenched lower concentration (1 at.% ≤ C ≤ 12 at.%) AuFe alloys in the paramagnetic temperature region. This implies ferromagnetic coupling between Fe-Fe first and second near neighbors in AuFe, and supports the validity of the present method in treating superparamagnetic clustering in alloys.
Managing Media Businesses: A Game Plan to Navigate Disruption and Uncertainty

Top strategic management and technology disruption scholars Mike Rosenberg and Phillip Seager have produced a compendium of theoretically based and industry-practiced principles for professionals a...
Group Actions on Boolean Algebras

Let us begin by reviewing some facts from group theory. Suppose that X is an n-element set and that G is a group. We say that Gacts on the set X if for every element π of G we associate a permutation (also denoted π) of X, such that for all x∈X and π,σ∈G we have $$\displaystyle{\pi (\sigma (x)) = (\pi \sigma )(x).}$$ Thus [why?] an action of G on X is the same as a homomorphism
Nutritional support for acute pancreatitis

The current review has summarized current data relevant to the nutritional support of patients with acute pancreatitis. Selection of the most appropriate form of nutritional support for patients with acute pancreatitis is intimately linked to a thorough understanding of the effects of various forms of enteral and parenteral nutrition on physiologic exocrine secretory mechanisms. Two basic concepts have emerged from the multiple studies that have addressed these issues to date: 1, enteral feeds should have low fat composition and be delivered distal to the ligament of Treitz to minimize exocrine pancreatic secretion and 2, parenteral substrate infusions, alone or in combinations similar to those administered during TPN, do not stimulate exocrine pancreatic secretion. From a practical standpoint, most patients with acute pancreatitis are diagnosed by nonoperative means and will manifest some degree of paralytic ileus during the early phase of the disease. Therefore, jejunal feeds are usually not a therapeutic option early in the course of this disease. On the basis of the clinical studies reviewed herein we propose general guidelines for the nutritional support of patients with acute pancreatitis: 1, most patients with mild uncomplicated pancreatitis (one to two prognostic signs) do not benefit from nutritional support; 2, nutritional support should begin early in the course of patients with moderate to severe disease (as soon as hemodynamic and cardiorespiratory stability permit); 3, initial nutritional support should be through the parenteral route and include fat emulsion in amounts sufficient to prevent essential fatty acid deficiency (no objective data exist to recommend specific amino acid formulations); 4, patients requiring operation for diagnosis or complications of the disease should have a feeding jejunostomy placed at the time of operation for subsequent enteral nutrition using a low fat formula, such as Precision HN (Sandoz, 1.3 percent calories as fat), Criticare HN (Mead Johnson, 3 percent calories as fat) or Vivonex High Nitrogen (Norwich Eaton, 0.87 percent calories as fat), and 5, oral feedings should be low fat in composition and should be reinstituted using traditional clinical criteria, including the symptoms of the patient, physical examination and computed tomographic appearance of the pancreas (clinicians should bear in mind the well documented exocrine stimulatory effects of even low fat oral feeds and the risks of early refeeding). These general guidelines must be individualized to incorporate what is perhaps the most important clinical variable--the premorbid nutritional state of the patient.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Viruses as teratogens

The ability of certain viruses to affect prenatal development in domestic animals is well documented. However, differentiating a viral-induced malformation from those caused by genetic or other environmental causes is a diagnostic dilemma. Understanding how viruses interact with their embryo-fetal hosts and the potential consequences on prenatal development requires refining and dispelling some old concepts and injecting new insights into this diagnostic challenge. This article discusses several viral teratogens affecting domestic animals: Akabane, bluetongue, Cache Valley, Japanese B encephalitis, bovine viral diarrhea, Border disease, Chuzan, epizootic hemorrhagic disease, hog cholera, Rift Valley fever, and Wesselsbron disease viruses.
Cross Sections for Gamma-Ray Production by 14-MeV Neutrons

Cross sections for the production of gamma rays by bombardment with 14.2-MeV neutrons were measured for 20 samples ranging from beryllium to plutonium. Differential cross sections are given as a fu...
Zolpidem-Induced Sleepwalking, Sleep Related Eating Disorder, and Sleep-Driving: Fluorine-18-Flourodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography Analysis, and a Literature Review of Other Unexpected Clinical Effects of Zolpidem

Zolpidem is a hypnotic which acts at the GABAA receptor and is indicated for short-term insomnia. Sleep related disorders including somnambulism, sleep related eating and sleep-driving have been reported with zolpidem. A 51-year-old insomniac who used zolpidem 10 mg nightly starting at 44 years of age is described. A few weeks after starting zolpidem she began walking, eating, and had one episode of driving while asleep. Episodes of sleep related eating, sleepwalking, and sleeptalking occurred 3 nights per week, 1 to 2 h after sleep onset. After her evaluation, the patient's zolpidem was gradually discontinued, and all sleep related activities immediately ceased. An 18F-FDG-PET was obtained 2 months after discontinuation of zolpidem. The following day, FDG was administered 1 h after oral administration of 10 mg zolpidem, and then a second PET was performed. We report the results and a review of the literature regarding other unintended effects seen with zolpidem use. Citation: Hoque R; Chesson AL. Zolpidem-induced sleepwalking, sleep related eating disorder, and sleep-driving: fluorine-18-flourodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography analysis, and a literature review of other unexpected clinical effects of zolpidem. J Clin Sleep Med 2009;5(5):471-476
The Fabrication and Characterization of Spreading Resistance Temperature Sensors Using NTD Silicon

The design and fabrication of a silicon thermistor exhibiting a positive temperature coefficient are presented. The device performance utilizes the temperature dependence of the electrical resistivity of silicon as a fundamental property and the spreading resistance technique for monitoring the change in resistivity. It was found that the resistance of these parts is given by R = ρ/2πa·K where ρ is the resistivity of the starting material, 2a is the diameter of the contact and K is an empirical constant close to unity. The nominal resistance value can be controlled by choosing the correct substrate resistivity, contact geometry and enhancement diffusion depth. By using NTD silicon wafers as starting material it was found that over 80% of the die are within ±1% of the nominal resistance value. The temperature vs. resistance function was found to deviate slightly from linearity and when plotted logarithmically gave a TCR of 0.65%/°C over the temperature range of −40°C to 150°C. An interesting relationship for designers to take note of is that regardless of nominal resistance at a given temperature, if one takes resistance ratios (i.e., R125/R25 or R-40/R25, etc.) one 9ets remarkably consistent results. This implies that the unit to unit tracking of the temperature vs. resistance slope is excellent and thus allows for the design of systems that require only a single point calibration.
HetCore: TFET-CMOS hetero-device architecture for CPUs and GPUs

Tunneling Field-Effect Transistors (TFETs) attain much higher energy efficiency than CMOS at low voltages. However, their performance saturates at high voltages and, therefore, cannot replace CMOS when high performance is needed. Ideally, we desire a core that is as energy-efficient as a TFET core and provides as much performance as a CMOS core. To approach this goal, this paper judiciously integrates both TFET units and CMOS units in a single core, effectively creating a hetero-device core. We call it HetCore, and present CPU and GPU versions. In HetCore, TFETs are used in units that consume high power under CMOS, are amenable to pipelining or are not very latency sensitive, and use a sizable area. HetCore powers CMOS and TFET units at different voltage levels, so they operate optimally. However, all units are clocked at the same frequency. Our results based on simulations running standard applications show the potential of this approach, even with conservative assumptions. A HetCore CPU consumes on average 39% less energy than a CMOS CPU, while delivering an average performance that is within 10% of the CMOS CPU. In addition, under a fixed power budget, a multicore with HetCore CPUs can employ twice as many cores as a multicore with CMOS CPUs, resulting in average performance gains of 32% while, at the same time, improving the energy efficiency (ED 2) by an average of 68%. Similar results are obtained with HetCore GPUs.
An Aminoimidazole Radical Intermediate in the Anaerobic Biosynthesis of the 5,6-Dimethylbenzimidazole Ligand to Vitamin B12.

Organisms that perform the de novo biosynthesis of cobalamin (vitamin B12) do so via unique pathways depending on the presence of oxygen in the environment. The anaerobic biosynthesis pathway of 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole, the so-called “lower ligand” to the cobalt center, has been recently identified. This process begins with the conversion of 5-aminoimidazole ribotide (AIR) to 5-hydroxybenzimidazole (HBI) by the radical S-adenosyl-l-methionine (SAM) enzyme BzaF, also known as HBI synthase. In this work we report the characterization of a radical intermediate in the reaction of BzaF using electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. Using various isotopologues of AIR, we extracted hyperfine parameters for a number of nuclei, allowing us to propose plausible chemical compositions and structures for this intermediate. Specifically, we find that an aminoimidazole radical is formed in close proximity to a fragment of the ribose ring. These findings induce the revision of past proposed mechanisms and illustra...
Stochastic water balance dynamics of passive and controlled stormwater basins

Abstract Urbanization and changing rainfall intensities affect the performance of urban stormwater infrastructure, creating the necessity to design resilient stormwater systems. One proposed method to increase the resilience of stormwater infrastructure is the active control of system flows. To improve the understanding of actively-controlled urban water infrastructure function under variable hydro-climate, we develop a stochastic water balance model for stormwater retention and detention basins with both passive and actively-controlled outflow structures. Under active outflow control, the outflow valve is closed until the water level in the basin reaches a specified maximum at which point the valve opens and the basin empties. Using the stochastic water balance model, we develop analytical expressions for the steady-state probability density functions (PDFs) of water level and valve closure time, as well as the joint PDF of water level and valve closure time. These PDFs then are used to define water level and flow duration curves that provide a probabilistic description of the full range of basin performance. The model accurately predicts the water level PDF estimated from data collected at a retention basin with a passive outflow structure. The model provides a basis for evaluating how changes in the rainfall-runoff process, affected by land use and climate change, will impact the variability of stormwater basin water storage and pollutant removal function. We find that this variability can be managed through the adaptive updating of the active control rule for the outflow structure.
Redesigning Soot's data-flow analysis framework for abstract interpretation

The goal of a program analysis framework is to decrease the effort required of a program analysis developer to implement a new analysis. The Soot Java optimization framework provides analysis developers with several types of abstract analyses, which depending on the developers' needs, can be further extended. Unfortunately, the applicability of the available abstract analyses in Soot is limited to analyses with finite ascending chains abstract domains, which are sufficient for the majority of program optimization tasks. This limitation hinders the use of Soot for program verification that requires reasoning about a program's semantic over infinite abstract domains, i.e., abstract interpretation.In this work we re-design Soot's forward flow analysis framework to provide basic support for abstract interpretation. To accomplish this goal, we first extend the definition of a data-flow analysis to include additional parameters required for efficient and precise computation of abstract interpretation analyses. Next, we re-factor the current Soot's implementation of a data-flow analysis to represent the extended definition. Finally, we demonstrate the flexibility and the applicability of the refactored implementation by instantiating several essential data-flow analyses used in abstract interpretation research.
Political Involvement, Information Costs, and Stock Market Participation

This paper examines whether politically active individuals are more likely to participate in the stock market. Our key conjecture is that politically involved individuals follow political news more actively, which increases their chances of being exposed to financial news. Consequently, their information gathering costs decline and the propensity to participate in the market increases. We find support for our hypothesis using micro-level and state-level data from the U.S. as well as cross-country data from Europe. Specifically, we find that politically involved individuals spend about 30 minutes more on news and appear more knowledgeable about the economy and the markets. Further, irrespective of their political affiliation, politically involved individuals in the U.S. are 9% more likely to participate in the stock market. Using a state’s battleground status as an instrument, we demonstrate that greater political involvement causes higher participation rates.
Involvement of Epigenetic Mechanisms and Non-coding RNAs in Blood-Brain Barrier and Neurovascular Unit Injury and Recovery After Stroke

Cessation of blood flow leads to a complex cascade of pathophysiological events at the blood-vascular-parenchymal interface which evolves over time and space, and results in damage to neural cells and edema formation. Cerebral ischemic injury evokes a profound and deleterious upregulation in inflammation and triggers multiple cell death pathways, but it also induces a series of the events associated with regenerative responses, including vascular remodeling, angiogenesis, and neurogenesis. Emerging evidence suggests that epigenetic reprograming could play a pivotal role in ongoing post-stroke neurovascular unit (NVU) changes and recovery. This review summarizes current knowledge about post-stroke recovery processes at the NVU, as well as epigenetic mechanisms and modifiers (e.g., DNA methylation, histone modifying enzymes and microRNAs) associated with stroke injury, and NVU repair. It also discusses novel drug targets and therapeutic strategies for enhancing post-stroke recovery.
Physical and electrical analysis of LSST sensors

Removing systematic effects from astronomical images taken with CCDs requires a detailed understanding of the physics of the imaging process. To aid in this understanding, we have built detailed electrostatic simulations of the LSST CCDs. In order to build an electrostatic model of the LSST CCDs, physical information about the CCDs is required. These details include things such as the physical dimensions of the components of the CCD, dopant profiles, and in some cases, electrical measurements of the CCD. This work documents the results of these physical and electrical measurements on LSST CCDs.
The Vagina Is the Third Ear

The vagina resembles the fleshy folds of the ear without the cartilage. Like the Third Eye, the Third Ear connotes a supernatural ability of intuition, perception. Female sexuality is broadened and...
Geriatric patients undergoing appendectomy have increased risk of intraoperative perforation and/or abscess

Background The number of geriatric patients is expected to grow 3-fold over the next 30 years, and as many as 50% of the surgeries done in the United States may occur in geriatric patients. Geriatric patients often have increased comorbidities and more often present in a delayed manner for acute appendicitis. The aim of this study was to evaluate outcomes between geriatric patients and younger patients undergoing appendectomy, hypothesizing that geriatric patients will have a higher risk of abscess and/or perforation, conversion to open surgery, postoperative intra-abdominal abscess, and 30-day readmission. Methods The 2016 to 2017 American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Procedure Targeted Appendectomy database was queried for patients with preoperative image findings consistent with acute appendicitis. Geriatric patients (age ≥65 years old) were compared with younger patients (age Results From 21,586 patients undergoing appendectomy, 2,060 (9.5%) were geriatric patients. Compared with the younger cohort, geriatric patients were less likely to have leukocytosis (59.0% vs 65.8%, P Conclusion Nearly 10% of laparoscopic appendectomies are done on geriatric patients with geriatric patients having a higher rate of conversion to open surgery and tumor and/or malignancy on final pathology. Geriatric patients have an associated increased risk of intraoperative perforation and/or abscess and postoperative intra-abdominal abscess but have similar risk for mortality compared with nongeriatric patients undergoing laparoscopic appendectomy.
Trends in Anemia, Iron, Therapy, and Transfusion in Hospitalized Pediatric Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Objective To evaluate trends in diagnosis and management of iron deficiency anemia using a large national children's hospital database in pediatric patients admitted with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Study design In this retrospective multicenter cohort study, we used the Pediatric Health Information System de-identified administrative database. Patients age Results We identified 8007 unique patients meeting study criteria for a total of 28 260 admissions. The median age at admission was 15.4 years. A diagnosis of anemia was documented in 29.8% of admissions and iron studies were performed in 12.6%. IV iron was given in 6.3% of admissions and blood transfusions in 7.4%. The prevalence of the diagnosis of anemia among IBD admissions increased from 24.6% in 2012 to 32.4% in 2018 (P Conclusions Iron deficiency anemia is prevalent among pediatric patients with IBD admitted to US children's hospitals. From 2012 to 2018, there was an increase in the use of inpatient IV iron for the treatment of iron deficiency anemia and a decrease in transfusions.
A framework to assess higher education faculty workload in U.S. universities

Faculty are often evaluated on perceptions of their teaching effectiveness, their service activities, and their research productivity. To meet their institutional standards in each area, the facult...
Consent and Privacy in the Era of Precision Medicine and Biobanking Genomic Data

"Big Data represents a challenge that points to the need for collective and political approaches to self-protection rather than solely individual, atomistic approaches."- Anita Allen, "Protecting One's Own Privacy in a Big Data Economy".
Main Points to Think About

Malaria is very dangerous considering the number of affected and dead people and a large number of poor countries with intensive population growth. Malaria is also complicated since the new satellite-based Vegetation Health technique for malaria prediction requires development of malaria-VH model for several dozens of countries, unknown impacts of global warming on malaria spreading and intensity, unknown future climate trend and others, this chapter is focusing again on main points of the problems in a short format. There are many challenges to fight malaria. The most important is that malaria still continues to be the major public health problem. Climate and weather are the most important environmental problems affecting malaria intensity and distribution. It was shown that malaria conditions can be predicted based on the new satellite-based Vegetation Health technology (1–2 months in advance) and based on ENSO and VH (3–5 months in advance). A very serious discussion was going about global warming and impacts on vegetation (vegetation greenness, temperature, moisture and thermal conditions) and malaria distribution and intensity. An important attention was devoted to malaria-VH modeling and assessment of long-term tendencies of LM and HM conditions.
Sojourners of Truth: Five Women’s Stories of Triumph, Tribulation, and Teaching in Academia

Working in academia for women of color is a labor of love. This essay chronicles five women who have been challenged by their roles as purveyors of social justice, equity and access for children, y...
The Measurements of Switching Transients in 1000kV UHV Substations Using Optical Electric Field Measuring Technique

Transient overvoltage is an importance cause of the failures in power system. Optical technique has been developed to measure the transients in power system in a contactless mode, which has great advantages compared to traditional measuring technique based on electrical principles. To verify the on-site performances of optical technique in measuring switching transients in UHV substations, this paper presents the measurements using optical technique conducted in Yunan 1000kV substations at the moments of energizing transformer and transmission lines. With applying simplified de-coupling method, three-phase transients at two moments were clearly given.
Construction, Pattern Recognition and Performance of the CLEO III LiF-TEA RICH Detector

We briefly describe the design, construction and performance of the LiF-Tea RICH detector built to identify charged particles in the CLEO III experiment. Excellent pion/kaon separation is demonstrated.
The Flipped Operating Room: Establishing Best Practices in Surgical Education Using Resident-Initiated, Inquiry-Based Preoperative Briefing: Resident-Initiated Preoperative Briefing.

OBJECTIVE We performed a pilot study of a resident-initiated, inquiry-based preoperative briefing (R-PROB) to determine the feasibility and potential impact on the educational experience. DESIGN A prospective, qualitative pilot study was performed in a general surgery residency program. The R-PROB included pre-operative emails to faculty with case summaries, learning goals, and questions. Faculty responded by email, phone, or in-person. Semi-structured interviews were completed before and after R-PROB implementation. Interviews were transcribed, coded, and analyzed through collaboration with a mixed-methods laboratory. SETTING An urban, university-based general surgery residency PARTICIPANTS Ten attendings from three university affiliated hospitals based on frequency of resident interaction, variation in experience and case types were selected. Thirteen residents that worked closely with the selected attendings, ranging from Clinical Year 1-5, were then recruited to participate. RESULTS The R-PROB was viewed overall positively and felt to be easily incorporated into the curriculum. The R-PROB significantly improved attending perception of resident preparedness. Junior residents (CY1-3) affirmed that R-PROB very strongly improved case preparation. The preoperative exchange was valued by both participants as improving communication frequency, transparency, and quality. The majority of attendings stated that the R-PROB enabled tailored teaching to each resident's level both preoperatively and in the operating room. Residents affirmed attending teaching to be more targeted towards their goals and objectives after the R-PROB. Challenges included late case assignments and minor time limitations. CONCLUSIONS A resident-initiated, inquiry-based preoperative briefing intervention is feasible and overall positively perceived by both participants. The briefings had a positive impact on resident preparedness, bi-directional communication, and permitted focused attending teaching.
Myocardial protein aggregates in pet guinea pigs

A retrospective study of guinea pigs submitted for necropsy revealed intracytoplasmic inclusions in the cardiomyocytes of 26 of 30 animals. The inclusions were found with approximately the same frequency in male and female guinea pigs and were slightly more common in older animals. In most cases, the animals did not have clinical signs or necropsy findings suggestive of heart failure, and the cause of death or reason for euthanasia was attributed to concurrent disease processes. However, the 4 guinea pigs with the highest inclusion body burden all had pulmonary edema, sometimes with intra-alveolar hemosiderin-laden macrophages, suggestive of heart failure. The inclusions were found in both the left and right ventricular myocardium, mainly in the papillary muscles, but were most common in the right ventricular free wall. No inclusions were detected in the atrial myocardium or in skeletal muscle. The inclusions did not stain with Congo red or periodic acid-Schiff. Electron microscopy revealed dense aggregates of disorganized myofilaments and microtubules that displaced and compressed the adjacent organelles. By immunohistochemistry, there was some scattered immunoreactivity for desmin and actin at the periphery of the inclusions and punctate actin reactivity within the aggregates. The inclusions did not react with antibodies to ubiquitin or cardiac myosin, but were variably reactive for alpha B crystallin, a small heat shock chaperone protein. The inclusions were interpreted as evidence of impaired proteostasis.
Metamemory: An Aspect of Metacognition in the Mentally Retarded

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the role of metamemory in the memory development and examines the performance of mentally retarded individuals. The chapter reviews the role of metamemory in models of memory performance and their implications for investigations of memory development in normal and mentally retarded individuals. In the chapter, a distinction between knowledge about memory and regulation of memory are drawn, and it is argued that investigation of the development of metamemorial knowledge, separate from its regulatory functions, represents an important area of research.. The available data on the relationships among metamemory, strategy use, and memory performance are assessed. The distinctions utilized are used to suggest future directions for more clearly delineating the development of metamemory and its relationship to memory development in the retarded.
The Thermodynamics of Cell Adhesion

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the thermodynamics of cell adhesion and illustrates the principles involved in taking a thermodynamic approach in modeling cell adhesion. The detailed formulation and analysis of an elementary example––adhesion of a cell to a large flat surface, herein called the “substrate” is presented. The simple model of cell–substrate adhesion is presented and analyzed. This model demonstrates the power of thermodynamics in its being able to integrate a large number of complicated variables into an effective computational and predictive tool. It views cell adhesion as resulting from the formation of specific receptor-site bonds; the net effect of all other forces between cell and substrate is taken to be repulsive. The chemical potentials of the free receptors and free sites are also discussed. The repulsive potential, Γ(S), is defined as the mechanical work that is done against nonspecific forces to bring a unit area of membrane from an infinite separation to a separation of S. The forces resisting adhesion arise mainly from a combination of two effects: (1) electrostatic repulsion among negative changes associated with the surfaces and (2) the so-called “steric stabilization effect.” List of the various physical parameters that characterize cell–substrate adhesion according to model is tabulated.
Pregnancy complicated by periarteritis nodosa: Induced abortion as an alternative

Reprint requests: Dr. David A. Nagey, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Maryland Hospital, 22 South Greene St., Baltimore, Maryland 21201. tion characteristically may involve essentially any organ system. The disease is most common in men in their fifth and sixth decades of life and so is an even more rare complication of pregnancy. Nine cases of classical periarteritis nodosa in pregnancl have been reported.‘. ’
Analysis of the functional domains of complement receptor type 1 (C3b/C4b receptor; CD35) by substitution mutagenesis

The complement receptor type 1 (CR1; CD35), carrying 30 short consensus repeats (SCRs), has two sites. Site 1 contains SCR-1 and SCR-2 and binds C4b. Site 2 contains SCR-8 and SCR-9 and was reported to bind mainly C3b (Klickstein, L. B., Bartow, T. J., Miletic, V., Rabson, L. D., Smith, J. A., and Fearon, D. T. (1988) J. Exp. Med. 168, 1699-1717). For the functional analysis we used two constructs, each with one site. CR1-4, composed of eight and one-half initial SCRs, carries site 1, binds C4b, and is cofactor for C4b cleavage. CR1-4(8,9), obtained from CR1-4 by converting site 1 to site 2, binds iC3/C3b and, unexpectedly, C4b. It is a cofactor for cleavage of both ligands. Its cofactor activity for C4b cleavage is greater than that of site 1. Analysis of the mutants constructed by interchanging homologous peptides between the two sites identified no sequences necessary for cofactor activity other than those required for binding. In site 2, peptides important for both ligands were found. Some modifications of either site led to higher activity for both ligands. Thus the activity of complement regulators can be increased by changing a few amino acids within SCRs, an important step toward the generation of more effective inhibitors of complement activation. Knowledge of the active sites of CR1 should be applicable to other SCR-containing proteins and should provide insights into the evolution of these proteins.
Molecular Dynamics Information Extraction

MD-trajectories currently span nanoseconds of simulated time. The parameters most commonly presented in MD papers are RMS, energy and temperature presented as functions of time. These are easily obtained from a variety of sources, most commonly the output files of the simulation itself. However, the most critical structural parameters are not available directly from program output files, but require post processing. Typically, these parameters are specific for a given molecule type. Pucker angle and other helicoidals are important for DNA. Ramachandran plots are obviously relevant for proteins. Hydrogen bond distances would be relevant for a ligand-DNA or ligand-protein simulation. The various modeling packages normally incorporate an analysis program such as the AMBER CARNAL program. The MD-ToolChest (MDTC) suite of programs was designed to analyze data from a broad range of sources and can read trajectory files from AMBER, GROMOS and CHARMm. For DNA, its flagship program dials_and_windows_dna serves as a front end for passing coordinates to theCURVES (Lavery and Sklenar, 1996) program. Complete helicoidal parameters are presented as time series. For proteins, a variety of torsional parameters will be analyzed and presented as graphs. AMBER4.1/PME simulations involving the “Hagerman” (1986) sequences d[G 5 – {GA 4 T 4 C}2 – C 5] and d[G 5 – {GT 4 A 4 C}2 – C 5] are presented here to illustrate the process involved in using MDTC2.0 and CURVES. Experimental evidence characterizes the d[GA 4 T 4 C] n as having a compressed minor groove and significant curvature. Conversely, d[GT 4 A 4 C] n lacks these features. MDTC provides utilities to determine RMS, to extract pdb files from AMBER trajectory files, and to view the complete set of DNA helicoidal parameters. CURVES analysis is capable of returning measures of curvature and groove width, which are critical in comparing experiment to simulation. A web page auxiliary (http://linus.chem.wesleyan.edu/ima/mdinfo.html) has been created which holds a complete set of MDTC2.0 example scripts, complete output and links to other programs.
Beyond Space and Time: Temporal and Geographical Configurations in U.S. National Security Discourse

This article examines the ‘deictic signature’ of the discourse worlds that are projected through representations of the Cold War and post-Cold War global security environments. I focus on the means by which US national security discourse creates ‘threat environments’ through historically specific renderings of the spatial configuration of global society and projections of the future. Specifically, I examine how the ‘powerhouse’ metaphor embedded within Henry Luce's conception of the ‘American Century', as well as the national security approach it implicated have reverberated within national security discourse at two moments of significant historical change: the inception of the Cold War and post-Cold War eras. I argue that the discourses marking both of these moments embed and project construals of geopolitical space and temporality which presuppose an atemporal and extraterritorial conception of US ‘national’ security interests. This conception, in turn, provides the rationale for an expansionist securit...