cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evaluations and Grades: A Simultaneous Framework

Using a simultaneous framework and on the basis of data for a single institution, the author concludes that the “oft reported positive effect of student's expected grades on [student evaluation of teaching] in a single equation regression has been misinterpreted” and that “the link between grades and [student evaluations] works in the opposite direction: better faculty improve student performance.”
Prevalence and Levels of Severity of Childhood Trauma among Mexican Female Sex Workers: A Comparison of Two Mexico Border Cities

The purpose of this study is to examine the prevalence of childhood trauma in a sample of female sex workers in Mexico. One hundred and nine female sex workers were recruited from Nuevo Laredo and Ciudad Juarez and administered the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. Findings reveal a high prevalence rate of childhood trauma among the total sample (94%). Nuevo Laredo sex workers had significantly higher total mean and subscale scores and levels of severity compared to Ciudad Juarez sex workers. This research is important because it examines the extent of childhood trauma among sex workers in a developing country. Moreover, it contributes to the few existing studies on sex workers that have documented the circumstances and factors unique to rural and urban environments. These results underline the importance of early identification of childhood trauma and implementation of appropriate prevention, intervention, and policies that might reduce these females' trajectory into sex work.
Tritium in ground water of the georgia piedmont: Implications for recharge and flow paths

Environmental tritium was measured in 33 natural water samples representative of precipitation, stream runoff, and groundwater (derived principally from production wells) within the Georgia Piedmont Province. Major ion analyses were used to assist in the interpretation of the tritium results. Tritium concentrations were significantly greater within shallow groundwater derived from the regolith (28–34 TU) and stream runoff (25–30 TU) than within recent rainfall (4–17 TU). Based upon the decay-corrected tritium input function, this probably indicates that at least some of the shallow water is stored within the regolith for a period of approximately 25 years. A ‘post-bomb’ component of recharge was present in all groundwater derived from production wells in the study area. Groundwater sampled from the bedrock aquifers was commonly less tritiated than either stream runoff or shallow water stored in the regolith. the lower tritium concentrations May, have resulted from the mixing of ‘pre-bomb’ water stored within the fractures or the transitional zone directly above the bedrock and modern water stored in the shallow regolith. the preponderance of modern water provides evidence that groundwater flow paths are areally restricted within this setting, probably confined to local surface water drainage basins. the residence time of groundwater in the Piedmont is limited by the lack of deep, gravity-driven regional flow and the localized vertical flow induced by pumping. the results of this study indicate that relatively small tritium concentration variations (10-20 TU) May, have regional hydrological significance in the southeastern Piedmont Province and similar settings.
Information discovery from complementary literatures: categorizing viruses as potential weapons

Using novel informatics techniques to process the output of Medline searches, we have generated a list of viruses that may have the potential for development as weapons. Our findings are intended as a guide to the virus literature to support further studies that might then lead to appropriate defense and public health measures. This article stresses methods that are more generally relevant to information science. Initial Medline searches identified two kinds of virus literatures---the first concerning the genetic aspects of virulence, and the second concerning the transmission of viral diseases. Both literatures taken together are of central importance in identifying research relevant to the development of biological weapons. Yet, the two literatures had very few articles in common. We downloaded the Medline records for each of the two literatures and used a computer to extract all virus terms common to both. The fact that the resulting virus list includes most of an earlier independently published list of viruses considered by military experts to have the highest threat as potential biological weapons served as a test of the method; the test outcome showed a high degree of statistical significance, thus supporting an inference that the new viruses on the list share certain important characteristics with viruses of known biological warfare interest.
Estimating power dissipation in VLSI circuits

With the shift to low power IC design for personal computing and communication applications, designers' priorities turn to accurate and efficient estimation of power consumption in ICs. Traditional current and power estimation techniques based on a SPICE-like simulation do not provide the necessary efficiency for such an application, and thus new approaches have been recently proposed. In this, the first of a series of articles that reflect the new orientation of this column, Professor Farid Najm of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign presents an overview of different techniques for estimating power consumption in large-scale IC designs. He also discusses computer aided design tools to help in the task. >
A hierarchical modeling framework for on-chip communication architectures [SOC]

The communication sub-system of complex IC systems is increasingly critical for achieving system performance. Given this, it is important that the on-chip communication architecture should be included in any quantitative evaluation of system design during design space exploration. While there are several mature methodologies for the modeling and evaluation of architectures of processing elements, there is relatively little work done in modeling of an extensive range of on-chip communication architectures, and integrating this into a single modeling and simulation environment combining processing element and on-chip communication architectures. This paper describes a modeling framework with accompanying simulation tools that attempts to fill this gap. Based on an analysis of a wide range of on-chip communication architectures, we describe how a specific hierarchical class library can be used to develop new on-chip communication architectures, or variants of existing ones with relatively little incremental effort. We demonstrate this through three case studies including two commercial on-chip bus systems and an on-chip packet switching network. Here we show that through careful analysis and construction it is possible for the modeling environment to support the common features of these architectures as part of the library and permit instantiation of the individual architectures as variants of the library design. As part of this methodology we also show how different levels of abstraction of the model can be supported and viewed as different variants that can be used in an accuracy versus simulation time trade-off.
DISTINCT REGULATION OF PHIN AND CA2+IN IN HUMAN MELANOMA CELLS WITH DIFFERENT METASTATIC POTENTIAL

We investigated whether alterations in the mechanisms involved in intracellular pH (pHin) and intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]in) homeostasis are associated with the metastatic potential of poorly (A375P) and highly (C8161) metastatic human melanoma cells. We monitored pHin and [Ca2+]in simultaneously, using the fluorescence of SNARF-1 and Fura-2, respectively. Our results indicated that steady-state pHin and [Ca2+]in between these cell types were not significantly different. Treatment of cells with NH4Cl resulted in larger pHin increases in highly than in poorly metastatic cells, suggesting that C8161 cells have a lower H+ buffering capacity than A375P. NH4Cl treatment also increased [Ca2+]in only in C8161 cells. To determine if the changes in [Ca2+]in triggered by NH4Cl treatment were due to alterations in either H+- or Ca2+-buffering capacity, cells were treated with the Ca2+-ionophore 4Br-A23187, to alter [Ca2+]in. The magnitude of the ionophore-induced [Ca2+]in increase was slightly greater in C8161 cells than in A375P. Moreover, A375P cells recover from the ionophore-induced [Ca2+]in load, whereas C8161 cells did not, suggesting that A375P may exhibit distinct [Ca2+]in regulatory mechanisms than C8161 cells, to recover from Ca2+ loads. Removal of extracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]ex) decreased [Ca2+]in in both cell types at the same extent. Ionophore treatment in the absence of [Ca2+]ex transiently increased [Ca2+]in in C8161, but not in A375P cells. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+-ATPase inhibitors such as cyclopiazonic acid (CPA) and thapsigargin (TG) increased steady-state [Ca2+]in only in C8161 cells. Together, these data suggest that the contribution of intracellular Ca2+ stores for [Ca2+]in homeostasis is greater in highly than in poorly metastatic cells. Bafilomycin treatment, to inhibit V-type H+-ATPases, corroborated our previous results that V-H+-ATPases are functionally expressed at the plasma membranes of highly metastatic, but not in poorly metastatic cells (Martinez-Zaguilan et al., 1993). Collectively, these data suggest that distinct pHin and [Ca2+]in regulatory mechanisms are present in poorly and highly metastatic human melanoma cells.
Persistent Sodium Current and Its Role in Epilepsy

Sodium currents are essential for the initiation and propagation of neuronal firing. Alterations of sodium currents can lead to abnormal neuronal activity, such as occurs in epilepsy. The transient voltage-gated sodium current mediates the upstroke of the action potential. A small fraction of sodium current, termed the persistent sodium current (INaP), fails to inactivate significantly, even with prolonged depolarization. INaP is activated in the subthreshold voltage range and is capable of amplifying a neuron's response to synaptic input and enhancing its repetitive firing capability. A burgeoning literature is documenting mutations in sodium channels that underlie human disease, including epilepsy. Some of these mutations lead to altered neuronal excitability by increasing INaP. This review focuses on the pathophysiological effects of INaP in epilepsy.
Assessment of agoraphobia--II. Measurement of clinical change.

Abstract This paper reviews conceptual and methodological assessment issues germane to agoraphobia outcome research, and a core set of agoraphobia measures and uniform clinical change criteria are proposed. The limitations of physiological measurement for treatment outcome purposes are discussed, and suggestions are offered for effective utilization of triple response measurement for agoraphobia research.
Perinatal factors in neonatal and pediatric lung diseases

Wheezing and asthma are significant clinical problems for infants and young children, particularly following premature birth. Recurrent wheezing in infants can progress to persistent asthma. As in adults, altered airway structure (remodeling) and function (increased bronchoconstriction) are also important in neonatal and pediatric airway diseases. Accumulating evidence suggests that airway disease in children is influenced by perinatal factors including perturbations in normal fetal lung development, postnatal interventions in the intensive care unit (ICU) and environmental and other insults in the neonatal period. Here, in addition to genetics, maternal health, environmental processes, innate immunity and impaired lung development/function can all influence pathogenesis of airway disease in children. We summarize current understanding of how prenatal and postnatal factors can contribute to development of airway diseases in neonates and children. Understanding these mechanisms will help identify and develop novel therapies for childhood airway diseases.
View-invariant full-body gesture recognition via multilinear analysis of voxel data

This paper presents a gesture recognition framework using voxel data obtained through visual hull reconstruction from multiple cameras. View-invariant pose descriptors are extracted by projecting voxel data onto a low dimensional pose coefficient space using multilinear analysis. Gestures are then treated as sequences of pose descriptors and represented by hidden Markov models for gesture recognition. Promising results have been obtained using a public data set containing 11 single-person gestures and another data set including seven two-people cooperative dance gestures.
Self grooming in impala mothers and lambs: testing the body size and tick challenge principles

Oral grooming is highly eVective in removing ectoparasites in ungulates and other species. The programmed grooming model postulates that preventive oral grooming bouts are periodically activated by an internal timing mechanism (clock), with grooming rates modulated according to fitness costs and benefits. The 'body size principle' of the programmed grooming model, developed from interspecific comparisons, predicts that animals or species of smaller size, because they cannot tolerate as great a density of engorging ticks per unit of body surface area, will groom at a higher rate than those of larger size. Accordingly, within a species, young animals should groom at a higher rate than adults. The 'tick challenge principle' states that the rate of programmed grooming will be regulated as a function of tick bites such that animals will groom more frequently when tick exposure in the habitat is greater. These predictions were tested by comparing self-grooming rates of impala, Aepyceros melampus, lambs and their mothers at three study sites ranging from tick-dense to tick-sparse or tick-free. As predicted, newborn lambs from 1-5 weeks postpartum self-oral groomed at about three times the rate of their mothers, and young lambs 6-12-weeks-old self-oral groomed at least twice as frequently as maternal conspecifics; self-oral grooming rate of older (7-8-month-old) lambs was no diVerent from that of adults. Presumably, the timing mechanism slowly changes its rate as impala mature, reflecting increased costs of self-oral grooming (attrition of the dental elements used in oral grooming and distraction from vigilance over predators) relative to declining body surface:mass ratio. Both lambs and their mothers consistently self-groomed at a higher rate at the tick-dense study site compared with the tick-sparse or tick-free sites. The results are in line with the concept that an intrinsic grooming clock is responsible for regulating body-size and tick-challenge specific grooming rates that enable impala to survive and thrive in a tick-infested environment. ? 1997 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour
A DSM-IV Axis I Comorbidity Study of Males (n = 120) With Paraphilias and Paraphilia-Related Disorders

One hundred and twenty consecutively evaluated outpatient males with paraphilias (PAs; n = 88, including 60 sex offenders) and paraphilia-related disorders (PRDs; n = 32) were systematically assessed for certain developmental variables and DSM-IV-defined Axis I comorbidity. In comparison with the PRDs, the PA group was statistically significantly more likely to self-report a higher incidence of (but not sexual) abuse, fewer years of completed education, a higher prevalence of school-associated learning and behavioral problems, more psychiatric/substance abuse hospitalizations, and increased employment-related disability as well as more lifetime contact with the criminal justice system. In both groups, the most prevalent Axis I disorders were mood disorders (71.6%), especially early onset dysthymic disorder (55%) and major depression (39%). Anxiety disorders (38.3%), especially social phobia (21.6%), and psychoactive substance abuse (40.8%), especially alcohol abuse (30%), were reported as well. Cocaine abuse was statistically significantly associated with PA males (p = .03). There was a statistically significant correlation between the lifetime prevalence of Axis I nonsexual diagnoses and hypersexual diagnoses (PAs and PRDs). The prevalence of retrospectively diagnosed attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) was 35.8%, the third most prevalent Axis I disorder. ADHD (p = .01), especially ADHD-combined subtype (p = .009), was statistically significantly associated with PA status. ADHD was statistically significantly associated with conduct disorder, and both of these Axis I disorders were associated with the propensity for multiple PAs and a higher likelihood of incarceration. When the diagnosis of ADHD was controlled, the differences reported above between PAs and PRDs either became statistically nonsignificant or remained as only statistical trends. Thus, ADHD and its associated developmental sequellae and Axis I comorbidities was the single most common nonsexual Axis I diagnosis that statistically significantly distinguished males with socially deviant sexual arousal (PAs) from a nonparaphilic hypersexual comparison group (PRDs). Sex offender paraphiliacs were more likely to be diagnosed with conduct disorder, alcohol abuse, cocaine abuse, and generalized anxiety disorder. The prevalence of any ADHD in the sex offender paraphiliacs was 43.3%, and nearly 25% of offenders were diagnosed with ADHD-combined subtype.
The Selection of Projects for Industrial Research

Research organizations have a tendency to propose problems for investigation at a faster rate than resources can be supplied to support the work. This poses a fundamental issue for the managers of industrial research because there are always more ideas and problems to be investigated than the available resources will permit. Research management, therefore, is faced with the problem of selecting the set of projects that it expects will achieve maximum effectiveness for the company. The paper presents a method of evaluating applied research proposals that is based on the use of numerical scores to quantify certain important criteria, such as the promise of success, the time required for completion, the projected costs, the market situation, and the expected gain. The composite scores can be used to determine the best project mix or program for a given budget allocation. The rating system serves to enhance managerial judgments at all levels regarding the selection of individual projects, the makeup of the research program, and the evaluation of the program's future economic impact on the company.
Integrating Field Research, Modeling, and Remote Sensing to Quantify Morphodynamics in a High-Energy Coastal Setting, Ocean Beach, San Francisco, California

Wave and coastal circulation modeling are combined with multibeam bathymetry, high-resolution beach surveys, cross-shore Personal Water Craft surveys, digital bed sediment camera surveys, and real-time video monitoring to quantify morphological change and nearshore processes at Ocean Beach, San Francisco. Initial SWAN (Simulating Waves Nearshore) wave modeling results show a focusing of wave energy at the location of an erosion hot spot on the southern end of Ocean Beach during prevailing northwest swell conditions. During El Nino winters, swell out of the west and southwest dominates the region, and although the wave energy is focused further to the north on Ocean Beach, the oblique wave approach sets up a strong northerly littoral drift, thereby starving the southern end of sediment, leaving it increasingly vulnerable to wave attack when the persistent northwest swell returns. An accurate assessment of the interaction between wave and tidal processes is crucial for evaluating coastal management options in an area that includes the annual dredging and disposal of ship channel sediment and an erosion hot spot that is posing a threat to local infrastructure.
Comparing a Behavioral Check-In/Check-Out (CICO) Intervention to Standard Practice in an Urban Middle School Setting Using an Experimental Group Design.

Students who continue to demonstrate at-risk behaviors after a school implements schoolwide primary (Tier 1) interventions require targeted-group secondary (Tier 2) interventions. This study was co...
Atypical Respiratory Distress and Transient Decrease in Absolute Neutrophils Associated With Fresh Frozen Plasma Transfusion

Background: Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) is a clinical diagnosis of exclusion to explain acute respiratory distress following a transfusion. Post-transfusion decrease in absolute neutrophils can increase clinical suspicion for this entity. Case Report: Acute respiratory distress requiring intubation occurred following the transfusion of 1 unit of fresh frozen plasma (FFP) to reverse Coumadin in a 65-yearold male. Radiographs were negative for pulmonary infiltrates, and there were no electrocardiography (EKG) changes or clinical indications of volume overload with the clinical assessment being respiratory distress related to transfusion. Sequential complete blood counts showed transient 27-hour decrease in absolute neutrophils and weak reacting neutrophil antibodies in the never transfused male donor. Conclusion: Acute respiratory distress with no bilateral pulmonary infiltrates differentiates this case from TRALI. A male donor with no history of transfusions (not traditionally considered a TRALI risk) was found to have neutrophil antibodies. We therefore suggest that physicians consider (1) investigating cases not meeting full TRALI criteria and (2) testing donors with no risk for human leukocyte antigen (HLA)/neutrophil antibodies.
Comparative Study of the Age Classes of Two Species of Philophthalmus Looss, 1899 (Philophthalmidae: Philophthalminae)

The growth patterns of adult Philophthalmus andersoni and Philophthalmus larsoni reared in domestic chickens from metacercariae, were compared at 10, 20, 70, and 175 d postexposure. Generally, P. andersoni continued to grow throughout all age classes, while P. larsoni reached its greatest length (4.3 mm) at 70 d and showed no further growth at 175 d. Most standard descriptive measurements (body length, forebody length, size of oral sucker, size of pharynx, length of esophagus, size of acetabulum, size of testes, size of ovary, size of posttesticular space, length of cirrus sac, size of seminal receptacle, size of vitelline follicles, size of eggs) were typically different when comparing P. andersoni and P. larsoni, but often there was overlap between the ranges of age classes within each species, as well as between the age class of the 2 species. We found that there were 2 measurements that had noticeably less overlap between these 2 species than the others listed: (1) length of esophagus; and (2) length of the posttesticular space. Natterophthalmus is synonymous with Philophthalmus, and the characteristics previously used to distinguish Natterophthalmus from Philophthalmus are discussed.
Anatomy-driven design of a prototype video laryngoscope for extremely low birth weight infants

Extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants frequently require endotracheal intubation for assisted ventilation or as a route for administration of drugs or exogenous surfactant. In adults and less premature infants, the risks of this intubation can be greatly reduced using video laryngoscopy, but current products are too large and incorrectly shaped to visualize an ELBW infant's airway anatomy. We design and prototype a video laryngoscope using a miniature camera set in a curved acrylic blade with a 3×6-mm cross section at the tip. The blade provides a mechanical structure for stabilizing the tongue and acts as a light guide for an LED light source, located remotely to avoid excessive local heating at the tip. The prototype is tested on an infant manikin and found to provide sufficient image quality and mechanical properties to facilitate intubation. Finally, we show a design for a neonate laryngoscope incorporating a wafer-level microcamera that further reduces the tip cross section and offers the potential for low cost manufacture.
Construction of a submaximal cardiovascular step test.

Abstract A submaximal cardiovascular step test was developed to be used with men between the ages of 18 and 60 years. A test-retest reliability coefficient of .94 was obtained. Test results correlated with the Balke Treadmill Test resulted in a validity coefficient of .94. Metabolic requirements range from VO2 of 1.55 to 2.44 liters.
Models of Integration, Models of Development in the Pacific

In order to understand the processes related to integration and development in the East Asian and Latin American societies this paper attempts to place those processes in the larger context of cycles of world accumulation. Many of the societies in East Asia, Latin America, and the South, in general, were integrated into the world economy during previous cycles of hegemony and accumulation. However, in the American cycle, and particularly at the height of this cycle, East Asia was developed while most of Latin America continued to experience truncated development. How do we understand these different trajectories? We argue that the best way to understand the different processes of integration and development in these two regions during the current historical period of global capitalist accumulation is to see them all as housed in a transition period between the waning American cycle of hegemony in the world economy and a new, as yet undefined cycle. We will look at the role that the East Asian region and its societies are playing in the transition to the next cycle, as well as analyze why these societies should not be viewed as successful products of the "modernization process," as proponents of that theory argue. The "success" of these societies is rooted in their historical entry point and the geopolitical importance to the United States of the region in which they were housed, and is not necessarily repeatable by other Third World societies such as those in Latin America.
Timeline visualization of semantic content

People interact with large corpuses of documents everyday, from Googling the internet, reading a book, or checking up on their email. Much of this content has a temporal component: a Website was published on a particular date, your email arrived yesterday, and Chapter 2 comes after Chapter 1. As we read this content, we create an internal map that correlates what we read with its place in time and with other parts that we've read. The quality of this map is critical to understanding the structure of any large corpus and for locating salient information.
Analysis of skeletal dysplasias in the Utah population

The Utah Birth Defect Network (UBDN) collects population-based data for Utah on births from all resident women. The prevalence of skeletal dysplasias and epidemiologic characteristics/outcomes were evaluated. Cases categorized as a skeletal dysplasia from all live births, stillbirths, and pregnancy terminations (TAB) between 1999 and 2008 were reviewed by three clinical geneticists. After case review, 153 were included for analysis (88% live births, 3% stillborn, 9% TAB), and categorized by groupings defined by molecular, biochemical, and/or radiographic criteria as outlined in the 2010 Nosology and Classification of Genetic Skeletal Disorders. The overall prevalence for skeletal dysplasias was 3.0 per 10,000 births, and 20.0 per 10,000 stillbirths. The most common diagnostic groups were osteogenesis imperfecta (OI; n = 40; 0.79 per 10,000), thanatophoric dysplasia (n = 22; 0.43 per 10,000), achondroplasia (n = 18; 0.35 per 10,000), and cleidocranial dysplasia (n = 6; 0.12 per 10,000). The most common groups based on the 2010 Nosology and Classification of Genetic Skeletal Disorders were the FGFR3 chondrodysplasia group (n = 41; 0.81 per 10,000), the OI/decreased bone density group (n = 40; 0.79 per 10,000), and the type 2 collagen group (n = 10; 0.2 per 10,000). Median age of postnatal diagnosis was 30 days (range 1-2,162). Of those deceased, 88% were prenatally suspected; of those alive 29% prenatally suspected. Median age of death for live born individuals was 1 day (range 1-1,450 days). Previously reported prevalence rates vary, but our data provide a population-based approach not limited to the perinatal/neonatal period. Understanding the range for survival within each group/diagnosis is beneficial for health care providers when counseling families.
Telephone follow-up by a midlevel provider after laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair instead of face-to-face clinic visit.

Background and Objectives: The need for more costand time-efficient provision of medical care has prompted an interest in remote or telehealth approaches to delivery of health care. We present a study examining the feasibility and outcomes of implementation of a telephone follow-up program for laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair. Methods: This is a retrospective review of consecutive patients who prospectively agreed to undergo telephone follow-up after laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair instead of standard face-to-face clinic visits. Patients received a telephone call from a dedicated physician assistant 2 to 3 weeks after surgery and answered a predetermined questionnaire. A face-to-face clinic visit was scheduled based on the results of the call or on patient request. Results: Of 62 patients who underwent surgery, all agreed to telephone follow-up instead of face-to-face clinic visits. Their mean round-trip distance to the hospital was 122 miles. Fifty-five patients (88.7%) successfully completed planned telephone follow-up. Three patients (4.8%) were lost to follow-up, and 4 (6.5%) were erroneously scheduled for a clinic appointment. Of the 55 patients who were reached by telephone, 50 (90.9%) were satisfied and declined an in-person clinic visit. Five patients (9.1%) returned for a clinic appointment based on concerns raised during the telephone call. Of these, 1 was found to have an early hernia recurrence and 1 had a seroma.
Developmental Periods for Boll Weevils Reared at Several Constant and Fluctuating Temperatures

Developmental periods of 5 strains of Anthonomus grandis Boheman from cultivated cotton ranged from 88 days at 15 to 17 days at 30; a temperature of 35 increased the period to 17.5 days. Developmental periods of I strain of thurberia weevils, A. grandis thurberiae Pierce, ranged from 72.5 days at 15°C to 17.5 days at 30; a temperature of 35°C extended the developmental period of the weevils to 18.5 days. Temperatures above an undetermined temperature between 30° and 35°C prolonged the developmental period of all strains. The deleterious effect of high temperatures partially explains the absence of boll weevil populations in Arizona in midsummer. Rearing at fluctuating temperatures did not increase the time required for development over that required at the constant temperatures if the heat input was similar and temperatures did not exceed 30°C.
Avoidance learning as a function of time after fear conditioning and unsignalled shock

Relearning of an incompletely learned shuttlebox avoidance response in rats is a U-shaped function of the time after completion of original training. Three experiments are reported which show that fear conditioning is the component of original training that is necessary and sufficient to produce the U-shaped function.
Babesiosis: problems in diagnosis using autoanalyzers.

A 76-year-old white man previous diagnosed as having Waldenstrom’s macroglobulinemia continued with persistent fevers and sweats for two and a half years. Recently, repeated automated differentials during 11 days of hospitalization failed to note any intracellular inclusions in the RBCs. Blood sent to the Microbiology Laboratory was noted to contain Babesia species. A review of the hematology slides revealed that Babesia species was present on all the slides the analyzer had screened. This failure to note infected RBCs may pose serious diagnostic problems.
The Impact of Family Structure, Relationships, and Support on African American Students’ Collegiate Experiences:

This qualitative study examined the ways in which African American college students perceive family structure, relationships, and support as impacting their academic persistence and collegiate experiences. Participants included nine females and five males attending a Historically Black University. Participants described family structure and relationships in a variety of ways. Furthermore, some participants experienced a change in relationships with immediate family members while attending college. Family issues occurring at home, being a financial burden on family members, the importance of family support, and being a role model for other family members were also cited as influencing collegiate experiences. The study concluded that family structures, relationships, and support do indeed influence the collegiate experiences and academic outcomes of African American college students.
Application of polymerase chain reaction for the discovery of new adhesion molecule family members.

This chapter will describe two approaches that utilize the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to clone new members of previously known adhesion receptor families. These two approaches are useful to clone either alternatively spliced forms of previously known family members or novel molecules whose presence is suggested from protein data. The first approach requires a combination of cDNA library screening and PCR. First, a cDNA fragment from a previously known adhesion receptor is used as a probe to screen a cDNA library and isolate clones. Then, the isolated clones are amplified by PCR to identify novel products that differ in size and sequence from the probe itself. This approach has been successfully used to isolate β1C, a variant form of the integrin β1 subunit containing a unique cytoplasmic domain (1). The second approach utilizes degenerate primers, derived from either protein sequences or homologous sequences from previously known family members, and requires only the use of the PCR. This approach has been successfully used to clone members of the integrin and cadherin families of adhesion receptors (2–8). These genes were cloned by designing degenerate oligonucleotides from protein sequence and using those primers for PCR. Degenerate primers have also been used to clone the α6, β4 (9), and β5 (10,11) integrin subunits. However, these integrin subunits were cloned by utilizing degenerate oligonucleotides to screen a library directly, rather than by utilizing PCR.
The Oncofertility Saturday Academy: A Paradigm to Expand the Educational Opportunities and Ambitions of High School Girls

Women of all races and ethnicities remain underrepresented in science. Attrition of women along the educational and career trajectory or science pipeline occurs at every transition period at a higher rate than men. The science pipeline has been identified to begin during the transition period between high school and college because it is at this stage when a student makes key decisions that will lead to an academic degree and career in science. To strategically combat the attrition between high school and college, the Oncofertility Saturday Academy (OSA) program was developed between a high school (Young Women’s Leadership Charter School of Chicago) and a university (Northwestern University). OSA is composed of basic science and clinical experiences designed to make the high school curriculum more relevant and to empower more high school girls to become the next generation of women to achieve excellence and leadership in science. Using a sequence of challenging, thematic modules offered to high school juniors, seniors, and college students, OSA offers young women the opportunity to explore basic science research, clinical applications, and career options of multiple science disciplines. To make the learning experiences relevant and applicable to the girls’ lives, there is a focused concentration on women’s health throughout the entire program. To support the girls through this sequence of experiences, members from both the high school and university communities are actively involved in a synergistic science mentor and support network to foster more girls who are interested in science during the transition period between high school and college. The members of this network provide a wide range of support including role modeling, mentoring, and advising. The program has successfully transitioned high school girls uncertain of their future goals to college students with science-related majors and has the potential to be replicated at other high schools nationwide. Providing parent education, cultivating parent–student communication, and building tools to support their daughters’ successes is also a critical part of the program. The expectation is that OSA will contribute to an increased pipeline of young women entering into and being retained in scientific disciplines.
Spartacus Before Marx

The story of the pre-Marxian ideology of Spartacus is not without its own peculiar interests. It is a strange narrative prompted both by the birth of a modern analytical, and political, interest in slavery, and in parallel debates over the meaning of liberty and servitude.
Patterns of Genetic Divergence among Myotis californicus, M. ciliolabrum, and M. leibii Based on Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism

The California myotis (Myotis californicus) and the western small-footed myotis (Myotis ciliolabrum) are largely sympatric in western North America, and are especially similar morphologically such that only subtle features of their skull distinguish the two species. Previous analysis of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence data resulted in paraphyly of these two species. Our objective was to examine genetic differences in nuclear loci between M. californicus and M. ciliolabrum, investigate their relationship with M. leibii, and to address the conflicting morphological and mtDNA data sets. We analyzed 198 amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) fragments from 17 M. californicus, 16 M. ciliolabrum, and 10 M. leibii using principal coordinate (PCoA), neighbor-joining, Bayesian, and parsimony analyses. Our analyses recovered well-supported separation of M. californicus and M. ciliolabrum based on nuclear markers, suggesting the failure of the mitochondrial markers to recover monophyletic lineages was due to a lack of lineage sorting. Unexpectedly, M. ciliolabrum was paraphyletic with respect to M. leibii individuals from the eastern United States. In conclusion, our analysis of nuclear AFLP markers recovered distinct genetic lineages or clusters that corresponded to the recognized species defined by morphology, M. californicus, M. ciliolabrum, and M. leibii. We propose that these divergences are somewhat incomplete and the divergence between M. ciliolabrum and M. leibii occurred more recently than the speciation events separating the currently sympatric species M. californicus and M. ciliolabrum.
Utilization of the interprofessional education, practice, and research model in HBCU social work education

ABSTRACTHistorically Black colleges and universities (HBCUs) are often overlooked as a resource to address the need for a diverse healthcare workforce even though they are an essential component of ensuring diversity. In order to meet the needs of the current patient population, HBCUs’ social work programs must move from silo education, practice, and research pedagogy to inter-professional education (IPE), practice (IPP), and research (IPR) modalities when developing partnerships that promote the elimination of health disparities. This article discusses the contributions of a HBCU’s School of Social Work to the growth of IPE, IPP, and IPR utilizing the Ujima principle of Nguzo Saba. The projects developed were an attempt to provide meaningful and relevant education to social work students while exposing them to a collaborative inter-professional education, practice, and research experience. The three social work projects included intra-university and social community collaborations and exposing students t...
The Tempestuous Conflict of the Elements in Baroque Poetry and Painting

The Baroque poet’s voice owes its power to the fact that it arises from an introspective solitude that conjures up the universe so as to impose on it a human accent. What survives for us is a voice soaring towards the gods accompanied by the tireless orchestra of death. Without the word wind most Baroque poems would not exist for the word contains the notion of movement. What are the winds, but moving currents of air? When the winds fall silent, they cease to be. Baroque music, likewise, cannot exist without motion, for it is hard to conceive of an entire symphony composed of a single note or chord that never changes. The winds create the dramatic movement of the Baroque poem-symphony by carrying the reader from one geographical area to marvelous visions, from past to future, from despair to hope, from exile to a long-awaited return to the Fatherland.
Bilateral Breast Reduction Without Opioid Analgesics: A Comparative Study.

Background Breast reduction has traditionally been performed under general anesthesia with adjunct opioid use. However, opioids are associated with a wide variety of adverse effects, including nausea, vomiting, constipation, postoperative sedation, dizziness, and addiction. Objectives This study compares bilateral breast reduction using a multimodal opioid-free pain management regimen vs traditional general anesthesia with adjunct opioids. Methods A total of 83 female patients were enrolled in this study. Group 1 includes a retrospective series of 39 patients that underwent breast reduction via general anesthesia with adjunct opioid use. This series was compared to 2 prospective groups of patients who did not receive opioids either preoperatively or intraoperatively. In group 2, twenty-six patients underwent surgery under intravenous sedation and local anesthesia. In group 3, eighteen patients underwent surgery with general anesthesia. All patients in groups 2 and 3 received preoperative gabapentin and celecoxib along with infiltration of local anesthetics during the operation and prior to discharge to the Post-Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU). Primary outcome measures included the duration of surgery, time from end of operation to discharge home, postoperative opioid and antiemetic use, and unplanned postoperative hospitalizations. Results When compared to group 1, groups 2 and 3 experienced a shorter time from end of operation to discharge home (P < 0.05), fewer unplanned hospital admissions (P < 0.05), and highly significant decrease in postoperative opioid use (P < 0.001). Conclusions This multimodal approach allows patients to safely undergo opioid-free bilateral breast reduction either under local or general anesthesia as an outpatient. This method resulted in significantly less morbidity, use of opioids postoperatively, as well as unplanned hospital admissions compared to "traditional" breast reduction under general anesthesia with the use of opioids. Level of Evidence 3.
Automatic State Saving and Rollback in ns-3

When designing, implementing and executing large-scale distributed simulation codes it is well-known the so-called optimistic time synchronization methods often lead to better overall performance as compared to the so-called conservative methods. Particularly when the model being simulated suffers from small lookahead between two or more of the logical processes working on the overall simulation execution. However, the design and implementation of simulation model codes intended to be executed using optimistic approach is often daunting, especially when working with existing codes which were designed and implemented to be used in a conservative approach. When executing simulation events, optimistic simulation models must first save any existing state in the model prior to executing codes that change that state, and furthermore must implement rollback code which restores that state to the original value. The necessity for such extra software functionality is often a barrier to the complete implementation of an optimistic-based simulation model and the corresponding improved performance. However, recent work by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) shows promise toward easing the burden of state-saving and rollback which will ultimately lead to simulation models that include state-saving and rollback automatically with little or no extra effort on the part of the model developer. This work, known as Backstroke, uses the C or C++ source code of the simulation model and generates both the forward-direction state-saving and the reverse-direction rollback prior to executing any simulation event. In this work, we demonstrate that the Network Simulator 3 (ns-3) model code, instrumented by Backstroke, can successfully execute scenario to some arbitrary time T, and then roll back to simulation time T0, restoring previously saved state for all modified ns-3 events and resulting in identical model state to that created in the original prior to the execution of the very first model event. Finally, we measure and report on the amount of wall-clock time overhead incurred by the ns-3 execution required by the Backstroke state saving and restoration, and compare that time to the execution time of the original unmodified ns-3 model codes.
Seismic loading of moment end-plate connections: Some preliminary results

Publisher Summary Fractures in welded steel connections are discovered in numerous building structures with moment-resisting frame connections due to the Northridge, California, and earthquake of 1994. A possible alternative to on-site welded moment connections is the moment end-plate. Conventional designs, as well as shimmed end-plates, are tested and analyzed for their adequacy under seismic induced cyclic loading. For the conventional designs, required end-plate thicknesses are determined from yield-line analysis and bolt size is determined using an analysis procedure including prying forces. Prying forces do not need to be considered for the designs with shims. From preliminary results, it appears that the extended moment end-plate, when properly designed, may be an acceptable alternative to the welded moment-resisting connection.
Optimization and Analysis of Discrete Event Stochastic Systems with Application to Manufacturing Automation

Abstract This paper outlines a nonprobabilistic (time domain) approach to the study of discrete event dynamical systems typically represented by queueing networks and production systems in manufacturing. It attempts to unify the development of "operational analysis" in queueing theory with some recently developed techniques in production systems based on control-theoretic considerations.
Nitroprusside and Isoproterenol Use after Major Price Increases

Data from 47 hospitals show sharp decreases in the use of nitroprusside and isoproterenol after large increases in price. These findings refute public testimony that price increases would not reduce patients’ access to these medications.