cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Quasifree pion production in the three-nucleon system.

We evaluate the total cross section for pion production in the reaction pd\ensuremath{\rightarrow}pd${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\pi}}}^{0}$ under the assumption that it is entirely due to the quasifree elementary process pn\ensuremath{\rightarrow}d${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\pi}}}^{0}$. Close to threshold only large-momentum components of the target deuteron wave function can contribute. This provides a qualitative explanation of recent measurements of a surprisingly small near-threshold cross section for the pd\ensuremath{\rightarrow}pd${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\pi}}}^{0}$ reaction. The final-state interaction between the proton and the deuteron in the exit channel is found to be significant. When it is taken into account the energy dependence of the measured pd\ensuremath{\rightarrow}pd${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\pi}}}^{0}$ reaction is reproduced. We conclude that the main properties of the pd\ensuremath{\rightarrow}pd${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\pi}}}^{0}$ reaction near threshold can be explained by a simple quasifree reaction model.
Hyperdynamics: Accelerated Molecular Dynamics of Infrequent Events

I derive a general method for accelerating the molecular-dynamics (MD) simulation of infrequent events in solids. A bias potential ( $\ensuremath{\Delta}{V}_{b}$) raises the energy in regions other than the transition states between potential basins. Transitions occur at an accelerated rate and the elapsed time becomes a statistical property of the system. $\ensuremath{\Delta}{V}_{b}$ can be constructed without knowing the location of the transition states and implementation requires only first derivatives. I examine the diffusion mechanisms of a 10-atom Ag cluster on the Ag(111) surface using a $220\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{s}$ hyper-MD simulation.
An integrated course in pain management and palliative care bridging the basic sciences and pharmacy practice

Objective. To describe the development of an integrated pain and palliative care course and to investigate the long-term effectiveness of the course during doctor of pharmacy (PharmD) students’ advanced pharmacy practice experiences (APPEs) and in their practice after graduation.Design. Roseman University College of Pharmacy faculty developed a 3-week elective course in pain and palliative care by integrating relevant clinical and pharmaceutical sciences. Instructional strategies included lectures, team and individual activities, case studies, and student presentations.Assessment. Students who participated in the course in 2010 and 2011 were surveyed anonymously to gain their perception about the class as well as the utility of the course during their APPEs and in their everyday practice. Traditional and nontraditional assessment of students confirmed that the learning outcomes objectives were achieved.Conclusions. Students taking the integrated course on pain management and palliative care achieved maste...
A new formula for an evaluation of the Tutte polynomial of a matroid

Given a matroid M and its Tutte polynomial T"M(x,y), T"M(0,1) is an invariant of M with various interesting combinatorial and topological interpretations. Being a Tutte-Grothendieck invariant, T"M(0,1) may be computed via deletion-contraction recursions. In this note we derive a new recursion formula for this invariant that involves contractions of M through the circuits containing a fixed element of M.
Characterization of partially purified glutathione reductase from cold-hardened and nonhardened spinach leaf tissue

Abstract Glutathione reductase (GR) (EC 1.6.4.2) was studied in crude and partially purified extracts from nonhardened (25/20 °C D/N) and hardened (5/5 °C D/N) spinach-leaf tissue. Crude extracts of hardened tissue showed a 66% increase in glutathione reductase activity over that of nonhardened tissue. The enzyme was purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation, Sephadex G-150 chromatography, 2′, 5′ ADP-Sepharose affinity chromatography, and DEAE-Sephadex A-50 ion-exchange chromatography. The partially purified enzyme from the two sources showed different kinetic characteristics, heat inactivation, freezing inactivation, and electrophoretic mobilities. Hardened leaves contain different forms of glutathione reductase than do nonhardened leaves. GR from hardened spinach has greater stability against freezing and a higher affinity for substrates at low temperature than does GR from nonhardened spinach.
Identification and visualization of the sexual agglutinin from the mating-type plus flagellar membrane of Chlamydomonas

Abstract Sexual agglutinins located on the flagellar membranes of Chlamydomonas gametes mediate a mating-type-specific adhesion reaction that brings complementary gametes together for zygotic cell fusion. We identify the mating-type plus agglutinin, using a combination of biochemical and genetic analysis, as a glycopolypeptide with an apparent molecular weight of >10 6 by SDS-polyacylamide gel electrophoresis. Its core polypeptide migrates as a ∼480-kd species, and it is estimated to be present in ∼30 copies per gametic flagellum. The agglutinin is present in the wild type, in a mutant that agglutinates but cannot fuse, and in a complementing diploid, whereas it is absent from four nonagglutinating mutants and from a noncomplementing diploid. Electron microscopy shows the purified agglutinin to be a highly asymmetric molecule, 220 × 4 nm. To our knowledge, this is the first reported purification and visualization of a membrane-associated cell-cell recognition protein.
Variation in the duration of protection given by screening using the pap test for cervical cancer

Abstract The duration of protection offered by Pap screening for cervical cancer was examined using data on 101 cases of invasive cervical cancer and 396 controls from a Maryland case-control study. Receipt of a Pap test up to 4 years ago afforded significant protection, compared to women screened 1 I or more years ago, or never screened. Smoking, intercourse before age 19, and a history of sexually transmitted disease were significant risk factors for cervical cancer; barrier contraception use was protective. Variation in protection from Pap screening was examined by age, race, age at first intercourse, barrier contraception use, and source of last Pap test (obstetrician-gynecologist vs other provider type). Results showed older women, women with earlier age of first intercourse, and non-users of barrier contraception received slightly less protection from Pap tests, while women who received their last Pap test from an obstetrician-gynecologist received significantly more protection than women who did not. Issues of quality of screening and follow-up are discussed in regard to these results.
An Improved Total Synthesis of PET HSV‐tk Gene Expression Imaging Agent 9‐[(3‐[18F] Fluoro‐1‐hydroxy‐2‐propoxy) methyl] guanine ([18F] FHPG)

Abstract An improved total synthesis of [18F]FHPG starting from 1,3‐dibenzyloxy‐2‐propanol and guanine has been developed. [18F]FHPG was prepared by nucleophilic substitution of the appropriate precursor with [18F]KF/Kryptofix 2.2.2 followed by a quick deprotection reaction and purification with a simplified Silica Sep‐Pak solid‐phase extraction (SPE) method in 10–15% radiochemical yield, and 70 min synthesis time from end of bombardment (EOB).
Spatio-temporal concentration of acetylcholine in vertebrate synaptic cleft

The concentration of acetylcholine (ACh) in the synaptic cleft at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) remains impossible to quantify using direct measurements based upon spatio-temporal resolution. We present a model of the concentration of ACh in the synaptic cleft. Our model considers the release mechanism and the clearance process, represented by the hydrolysis of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and the rate of diffusion across the cleft and binding to nicotinic ACh receptor channels. Using our model, we evaluate the contribution of these factors and their relative importance in determining the spatial distribution of neurotransmitter concentration in the neuromuscular junction.
Composition of cell walls isolated from cell types of grain sorghum stems

Cell types were isolated from sorghum stems at two stages of development, anthesis and grain maturity, to study cell wall characteristics. Cell walls were isolated from epidermis (EPID), sclerenchyma (SCL), vascular bundle zone (VBZ), inner vascular bundles (IVB) and pith parenchyma cells (PITH) and analysed for total carbohydrate, acid insoluble lignin, total uronosyls, neutral sugars and hydroxycinnamic acids. In addition, walls from SCL, VBZ, IVB and PITH were subjected to chemical fractionation to separate wall carbohydrate into polysaccharide groups. Although wall characteristics were similar at both plant maturities, there were differences in lignin concentration, hydroxycinnamic acids, and carbohydrate composition among the cell wall types. Lignin was lowest in the PITH walls (169 g kg−1) and highest in SCL and EPID (c 211 g kg−1). Cellulose was most abundant in VBZ and SCL walls with greater secondary wall formation. Pectic materials were most abundant in PITH walls. Xylans were similar among wall types except for EPID that contained higher amounts of xylose. Releasable hydroxycinnamates were not as consistent among the cell wall types. Total ferulates, including ester linked and releasable ether linked, tended to increase from PITH to SCL (8 to 15 g kg−1 CW) with an increase in the proportion etherified within the wall matrices (PITH 51%; SCL 66%). Total p-coumarates showed opposite trends with PITH walls having significantly more (35 g kg−1 CW) than VBZ or SCL (19 and 13 g kg−1 CW). EPID walls contained the least pCA (6.5 g kg−1 CW). Except for the hydroxycinnamates, compositional trends for the different wall types would reflect changes from primary walls to increased amounts of secondary wall. Neutral sugar analysis of indigestible residues indicated similar carbohydrate compositions among the cell wall types, with xylose being less degradable than all other wall sugars. © 1999 Society of Chemical Industry
Friction-Induced Vibrations: From Linear Stability Criteria to Non-Linear Analysis of Limiting Cycles

The contact of two elastic bodies with a frictional interface can lead to friction-induced instabilities. The instabilities are either due to the velocity-dependence of friction, or due to the coupling of friction with the thermal expansion or wear, or due to the destabilization of the interface elastic waves. The instabilities lead to friction-induced vibrations. The linear elasticity usually provides a criterion for the onset of the instability and predicts that the amplitude of the unstable vibration grows exponentially with time. However, it does not provide any information about the amplitudes of vibrations. It is expected that the amplitudes of vibrations grow exponentially until they leave the range of applicability of the linear theory and reach a certain limiting cycle. We discuss how various non-linear methods of pattern-formation analysis can be applied to this problem, including the Turing systems, self-organized criticality, etc.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
SU‐D‐141‐03: Evaluation of Cone‐Beam CT Imaging Quality Using a Clinical Detective Quantum Efficiency Measure (cDQE)

Purpose: To quantitatively analyze the image quality of cone‐beam CT(CBCT) imaging using a robust image evaluation metric, a clinical analogue of detective quantum efficiency (DQE), to allow for image assessment under variable acquisition parameters. Methods: CBCT image quality assessment, especially between different systems, remains semi‐quantitative and lacks the fundamental metrics found in 2D x‐ray imaging. Clinical DQE(cDQE) is based on measuring modulation transfer function (MTF) and noise power spectrum(NPS) using a cylindrical acrylic phantom containing modules with line‐pairs of various spatial frequencies, and uniform section. Imaging was acquired using a linac based CBCT (Elekta XVI) and a commercial cylindrical imaging QA phantom (Phantom Laboratory Catphan 500). CBCT imaging was obtained with various acquisition settings for collimation size (small S20, medium M20 field‐of‐views), beam filter (with and without bow‐tie filter), and adjustable scatter‐to‐primary ratios(SPRs). Incident beam fluence was determined based on dose measurements, and fluence‐dose conversion ratio computed by Monte Carlo simulations. A standard vendor supplied reconstruction algorithm was used with various SPRs (0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.33). Results: Use of bow‐tie filter improved CBCT image quality, as measured by cDQE, by 42% compared to imaging with neutral filter. As expected, cDQE confirmed that small collimation produced superior imaging compared to medium collimation due to reduced scattering. Interestingly, CBCT images reconstructed under various SPRs (0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.33) showed no significant difference in cDQE values. The results of cDQE calculations were consistent with evaluations of the phantom imaging based on traditional contrast‐to‐noise ratio, spatial resolution visibility, and qualitative observer assessment. Conclusion: cDQE was shown to be an effective metric to assess CBCT imaging under variable acquisition parameters. The proposed approach can be extended to other imaging phantoms and CBCTs, and has significant potential as a QA tool in monitoring and optimizing the imaging performance of CBCT systems for clinical use.
Acoustically-coupled flow-induced vibration of a computational vocal fold model

The flow-induced vibration of synthetic vocal fold models has been previously observed to be acoustically-coupled with upstream flow supply tubes. This phenomenon was investigated using a finite element model that included flow-structure-acoustic interactions. The length of the upstream duct was varied to explore the coupling between model vibration and subglottal acoustics. Incompressible and slightly compressible flow models were tested. The slightly compressible model exhibited acoustic coupling between fluid and solid domains in a manner consistent with experimental observations, whereas the incompressible model did not, showing the slightly compressible approach to be suitable for simulating acoustically-coupled vocal fold model flow-induced vibration.
Shape Sensitivity Analysis for 2D Mixed Mode Fractures Using Extended FEM (XFEM) and Level Set Method (LSM)

This article presents a shape sensitivity analysis method for calculating gradients of crack growth rate and crack growth direction for 2D structural components under mixed-mode loading using extended finite element method (XFEM) and level set method (LSM). XFEM is a computational technique in which special enrichment functions are used to incorporate the discontinuity of structural responses caused by the crack surfaces and crack tip fields into finite element approximation. The LSM employs level set functions to track the crack during the crack propagation analysis. As a result, this method does not require highly refined mesh around the crack tip nor remesh to conform to the geometric shape of the crack when it propagates, which makes the method extremely attractive for crack propagation analysis. However, shape sensitivity analysis for crack propagation involves calculating derivatives of enrichment functions employed in XFEM that are discontinuous or unsmooth. The proposed sensitivity analysis method...
Vibration and buckling analysis of circular arches using DQM

The differential quadrature method (DQM) is applied to computation of the eigenvalues of the equations of motion governing the free in-plane vibration including extensibility of the arch axis and the coupled out-of-plane twist-bending vibrations of circular arches. In-plane buckling and twist-buckling under uniformly distributed radial loads are also investigated by this method. Fundamental frequencies and critical loads are calculated for circular arches with clamped and simply supported boundary conditions. Results are compared with existing exact and numerical solutions by other methods. The method presented gives good accuracy with a limited number of grid points.
High wavevector optical phonons in microstructured Bismuth films

We report the generation of high wavevector, large amplitude coherent optical phonons in a microstructured Bismuth film. A femtosecond laser pulse optically excites a periodic micron scale grating etched into a Bismuth film. The ultrafast excitation produced coherent optical phonon oscillations with wavevectors as large as 1μm-1, providing a possible method of generating an efficient sub-picosecond switch for hard x-rays.
Unusual Sex Ratio in Peromyscus

We are accustomed to taking approximately equal numbers of males and females when a wild species is sampled extensively. To be sure, the hypothetical fifty-fifty ratio is seldom exactly achieved. Frequently the males are in excess, a situation which has been interpreted as reflecting their larger …
Equilibrium dialysis of the membrane-bound acetylcholine receptor: A simple method to avoid common errors

Abstract Equilibrium measurements of the interaction of a reversible ligand with a specific membrane site which constitutes only a small component of the membrane are complicated by several factors, which are usually not considered sufficiently. These are the volume occupied by the membrane from which the ligand is excluded, and unspecific binding of the ligand. A simple method for correction of the observed measurements in a single experiment is described. The importance of this correction is illustrated in experiments conducted with the acetylcholine receptor.
Further comments on "A Correct and Unrestrictive Implementation of General Semaphores"

Over a decade ago, a race condition was discovered in a specific implementation of the counting semaphore operations P and V. Several corrections to that implementation were published. These were subsequently critiqued and eventually the discussion ended. This article will expose a newly discovered race condition in one of the corrections.
Quality Improvement of Upland Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)

Abstract Quality of cotton can be defined through seed or fiber properties, but is most often associated with fiber properties that influence processing into yarn and textile products. Global competition in the production and consumption of cotton fiber combined with technological evolution of yarn manufacturing has spurred renewed efforts to enhance cotton fiber quality. Cotton fiber quality can be improved through genetics, crop management, and postharvest processing. Knowledge of the effects of fiber properties on processing and their inheritance, relationships, and environmental influences is necessary to formulate improvement strategies. Breeding to improve fiber quality has traditionally focused on enhancing measures of the longest fibers or fiber strength for ring yarn manufacturing systems. With the technological evolution of yarn manufacturing from solely ring-based spinning to predominately rotor and potentially in the near future air-jet spinning, needs for fiber profiles have been revised for ...
Deposition of heavy chlorinated hydrocarbons from the atmosphere

A sensitive method for the measurement of deposition fluxes of volatile and aerosol chlorinated hydrocarbons (CHC) is presented. Fluxes of CHC ranging from 10−6 to 10−9 g m−2 day−1 for the 54% chlorine PCB mixture were measured at La Jolla, California (average: 3 × 10−7 g m−2 day−1) during February, 1972. PCB fluxes are correlated with the component of the wind trajectory in the direction of Los Angeles weighted by the reciprocal of the wind speed. Chlorinated pesticide fluxes (DDT and dieldrin) are correlated with winds from agricultural areas inland from the measuring site.
Insect resistance in sweetpotato plant introduction accessions.

ABSTRACT Fifty-five sweetpotato cultivars, experimental breeding clones, and plant introduction (PI) accessions were evaluated in 17 field experiments at the USDA, ARS, U.S. Vegetable Laboratory (Charleston, SC; 12 evaluations, 1997–2010), the Clemson University, Edisto Research and Education Center (Blackville, SC; two evaluations, 1998–1999), and the University of Florida, Tropical Research and Education Center (Homestead, FL; three evaluations, 2005–2007). These experiments included two insect-susceptible control entries (‘Beauregard’ and ‘SC1149-19’) and three insect-resistant control cultivars (‘Regal,’ ‘Ruddy,’ and ‘Sumor’). At each location, genotypes differed significantly in the percentage of uninjured roots WDS (wireworm, Diabrotica, Systena) index, the percentage of roots damaged by the sweetpotato weevil (Cylas formicarius (F.)), the percentage of roots damaged by the sweetpotato flea beetle (Chaetocnema confinis Crotch), and the percentage of roots damaged by white grub larvae (including Plec...
Synergistic effects of atorvastatin and sildenafil in cardioprotection--role of NO.

HMG-CoA (3-hydroxy-3-methylflutaryl coenzyme A) reductase inhibitors, or statins, were originally designed to reduce serum cholesterol levels and the development of cardiovascular disease. Statins prevent the formation of cholesterol as well as other products in the biosynthetic pathway, which include isoprenoid intermediates such as farnesyl pyrophosphate and geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate [1]. Over the years, it has become clear that use of statins extend well beyond their lipid lowering actions, and the unexpected pleiotropic effects have a major role in protecting the myocardium against ischemic injury. A number of studies have shown that statins improve cardiac function, reduce infarct size and infiltration of polymorphonuclear neutrophils following ischemia/reperfusion injury [2,3]. The myocardial protective effect of statins is mediated by increasing eNOS protein expression due to stabilizing eNOS mRNA [4,5]. However, others suggested that statins may increase the activity of eNOS not by altering its absolute concentration, but by increasing eNOS phosphorylation at serine-1177 through the phosphatidyl-inositol-3-kinase and protein kinase Akt signaling cascade [6]. Atorvastatin added at the onset of reperfusion, increased eNOS phosphorylation at serine-1177 in isolated mice hearts subjected to ischemia [7]. Furthermore, these protective effects of statins are dependent on eNOS because mice deficient in eNOS were completely resistant to the cardioprotective actions of statin treatment [3]. We recently showed that atorvastatin induced both acute and delayed myocardial preconditioning effect in-vivo resulting in marked reduction in infarct size. The preconditioning in the delayed phase was mediated by iNOS and involves opening of mitochondrial KATP channels [8]. Because delayed preconditioning can be maintained by intermittent stimuli, our results suggest that atorvastatin may be able to produce a chronically preconditioned state which might render the myocardium more resistant to prolonged episodes of ischemia. Recent work suggests that statins activate protein kinase G (PKG) to elicit further activations of MAPK pathways, induce hemeoxygenase-1 gene expression, which provides a novel anti-inflammatory mechanism in the therapeutic validity [9]. Statins have also been shown to attenuate the myocardial dysfunction associated with heart failure and significant increases in the survival rate following the induction of myocardial infarction [10,11]. Furthermore, statins reduced cardiac myocyte hypertrophy, interstitial fibrosis, as well as preserved left ventricular ejection performance [10‐12]. Interestingly, the ability of statins to exert its beneficial effects in models of heart failure also appears to be eNOS dependent [11]. Clinical studies suggest that statins reduce mortality in patients with severe heart failure [13]. The statin treated patients experienced a reduction in mortality that was demonstrated as early as 30 days post intervention and statins remained a predictor for survival at six months [14].
Observing Komo among Tagwa People in Burkina Faso: A Burkinabe Art Historian's Views

14 airican arts AUTUMN 2008 A s with many other ethnic groups in Africa, Sen ufo identity was the creation of the French colonial administration during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. In spite of some similarities, those peoples whom the French grouped under the name "Senufo" do not share the same artistic and traditional forms and values. For example, while the Poro association and the art related to it are the core of the socioreli gious organization of the central and southern Senufo, northern Senufo groups do not have Poro or its associated arts. Northern Senufo groups are invested in the Komo men's society' and its associated objects, like those of their Mande-speaking neighbors. This is not surprising if we take into account that all of the Sen ufo country, from Koutiala to Katiola, was colonized by Mande speaking people well before the arrival of the French. Mande influences are still discernible in this larger region's architec ture and language. Tagwa, a Senufo people in Burkina Faso, do not have the same art traditions as central and southern Senufo groups. Although they were called Senufo by the French, Tagwa and all other Senufo subgroups still identify themselves by their specific languages, names, locations, and more importantly by their different socioreligious beliefs. Over the course of history, the arts of the Senufo have been exposed to various influences, which have all left their marks. Although Senufo groups differentiate themselves from others and are watchful of their own identity, they still are related to others. Yet despite external influences, a common societal foun dation for all these groups was created. For example, they share the same type of social and space organization, linguistic basis, architectural traditions, and music. However, it is not possible to determine a single cultural identity for the Senufo, and thus one cannot truly speak of a singular "art of the Senufo." Prior to this study, researchers never recognized the exis tence of Komo among Tagwa, although a number of scholars did study the Komo of the Minianka peoples in this zone.2 In Burkina, Nanergue, who border the Tagwa to the north, also possess Komo. Komo is the representation of the sacred art that allows Tagwa to define themselves as a Tagwa community and as a distinct ethnic group within the Senufo complex. The Komo society, which varies widely from village to village, is a testament to the independent nature of Tagwa communities. Each com munity determines the style of Komo so as to identify it with its
Implementation of digital multiplexing for high resolution x-ray detector arrays

We describe and demonstrate for the first time the use of the novel Multiple Module Multiplexer (MMMIC) [1] for a 2×2 array of new electron multiplying charge coupled device (EMCCD) based x-ray detectors [2]. It is highly desirable for x-ray imaging systems to have larger fields of view (FOV) extensible in two directions yet to still be capable of doing high resolution imaging over regions-of-interest (ROI). The MMMIC achieves these goals by acquiring and multiplexing data from an array of imaging modules thereby enabling a larger FOV, and at the same time allowing high resolution ROI imaging through selection of a subset of modules in the array. MMMIC also supports different binning modes. This paper describes how a specific two stage configuration connecting three identical MMMICs is used to acquire and multiplex data from a 2×2 array of EMCCD based detectors. The first stage contains two MMMICs wherein each MMMIC is getting data from two EMCCD detectors. The multiplexed data from these MMMICs is then forwarded to the second stage MMMIC in the similar fashion. The second stage that has only one MMMIC gives the final 12 bit multiplexed data from four modules. This data is then sent over a high speed Camera Link interface to the image processing computer. X-ray images taken through the 2×2 array of EMCCD based detectors using this two stage configuration of MMMICs are shown successfully demonstrating the concept.
Socioeconomic status, nocturnal blood pressure dipping, and psychosocial factors: a cross-sectional investigation in Mexican-American women.

Background Despite established links between reduced nocturnal blood pressure (BP) dipping and cardiovascular disease, BP dipping research in Hispanics is limited.
Depolarization of cortical glial cells during electrocortical activity

Abstract Intracellular recordings were obtained from 257 inexcitable cells in the sigmoid gyri of the cat. Inexcitable cells were characterized electrophysiologically by an absence of postsynaptic and depolarizing potentials following thalamo-cortical and intracellular stimulation with current strengths adequate to evoke responses in neurons. Iontophoretic deposit of dye successfully marked 6 inexcitable cells, and revealed them to be small cells which had strongly marked oval nuclei surrounded by a small amount of lightly marked cytoplasm. These cells had the dimensions and appearance of cortical glial cells. One third of the inexcitable cells penetrated had membrane potentials ranging from −80 mV to −95 mV and 22% of the cells penetrated exhibited slow depolarizations of membrane potential which followed electrocortical spindle bursts. Some cells undergoing slow depolarization were found to be adjacent to active neurons. It is suggested that depolarization of some glial cells occurs as a normal physiological event during electrocortical activity.
The effects of titanium or chromium doping on the crystal structure of V2O3

Abstract The crystal structures of five samples of (Ti x V 1− x ) 2 O 3 (0.011 ≤ x ≤ 0.077) and seven samples of (Cr x V 1− x ) 2 O 3 (both metallic and insulating phases, 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.05) were determined from X-ray diffraction data collected from single crystals. These compounds are isomorphous with α-alumina. The cell dimensions change such that the a axes increase and the c axes decrease with increasing Ti or Cr. In the CrV 2 O 3 system, from 0 to 1.25% Cr doping, changes in structure parallel those observed in the TiV 2 O 3 system. These changes are consistent with a slight weakening of the bonding metal-metal interactions in the basal plane, leading to an increase in the metal-metal distances coupled with changes which maintain constant metal-oxygen distances. A discontinuity appears at about 1.25% Cr as the transition from metal to insulating behavior occurs with increasing Cr content. No change in crystal symmetry accompanies this transformation. It appears that the metal-metal bonding interactions are retained even in the insulating phase of Cr-doped V 2 O 3 . A comparison of the structural variation in the Cr- and Ti-doped systems suggests that the change from metallic to insulating behavior cannot be a structure effect. These changes are, however, consistent with the band model proposed by others for these systems.
P05.01. Case Report: Dysconjugate Gaze in a Patient with Graves’ Orbitopathy:

Focus Area: Integrative Approaches to Care Moderate-to-severe Graves' orbitopathy (GO) at baseline is an uncommon finding with a new diagnosis of Graves' disease (GD). Patients with baseline GO usually have mild symptoms or are asymptomatic. The natural history and prevalence of GO are poorly documented. Current standard of care is to treat with IV methylprednisolone pulses. This is a case report of a 63-year-old woman with a 1-year diagnosis of moderate-to-severe GO. Six months prior to diagnosis, she developed progressively worsening blurry vision and eventually diplopia. She was treated with radioactive iodine therapy and achieved a euthyroid state; however, there was no improvement in her ocular symptoms. She was evaluated by the Graves' Orbitopathy clinic at Jules Stein Eye Institute at UCLA. It was determined that this patient would not benefit from steroid treatment due to the lack of any signs of active inflammation and with potential side effects, such as exacerbation of her poorly controlled hypertension and anxiety. A referral was made to the UCLA Center for East-West Medicine for an alternative approach to treatment. A literature search for moderate-to-severe GO using complementary/integrative medicine treatments proved to be limited. The initial exam revealed dysconjugate gaze with left eye looking inferiorly and laterally (mimicking a 3rd nerve palsy), spasm of the trapezius and splenius capitis muscles, and a startle reaction with palpation of most acupressure points. Acupuncture as well as trigger-point injections were administered, with marked improvement in eye position and dysconjugate gaze after one treatment. Improvement continued after 3 sessions, 1 week apart, including a reduction of her diplopia. The patient reported that she was now able to go up and down stairs without the need of a handrail and was able to walk over curbs without difficulty.
Long-term outcome of clozapine use for psychosis in parkinsonian patients.

A retrospective analysis was carried out on 39 parkinsonian patients on clozapine treatment ≥24 months for psychosis. The cohort had a mean age of 76 years and an average clozapine dose of 47 mg/day over 60 months of clozapine use. Of 39 patients, 13 (33%) patients were eventually admitted to nursing homes, 6 (46%) of whom died over a period of 5 years. The overall 5-year mortality rate in this cohort was 44% (17/39). Of 39 patients, 33 (85%) had continued partial/good response and 5 (13%) had complete resolution of psychosis. None discontinued clozapine due to motor worsening. Among patients who responded early on, the long-term efficacy of clozapine for psychosis was sustained. The risk of nursing home placement and mortality among parkinsonian patients treated with clozapine for psychosis in this geriatric cohort was better than that reported previously. Our data are more consistent with recently published long-term outcome data suggesting an improvement in the prognosis of parkinsonian patients with psychosis with the use of atypical antipsychotic agents such as clozapine. © 2004 Movement Disorder Society
In vitro antibacterial activity of spectinomycin.

Abstract The in vitro inhibitory and bactericidal activities of spectinomycin hydrochloride were tested against a variety of bacteria. The antibiotic was inhibitory at 31.2 μg/ml to most strains of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Concentrations of antibiotic exhibiting bactericidal activity exceeded the inhibitory concentration by at least fourfold. Regression graphs were plotted for results obtained with 30-, 100-, 200-, and 300-μg spectinomycin discs; tentative interpretative standards are proposed.
Electron-energy-loss spectroscopy of layered systems

A feature of electron-energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) in layered materials is predicted. Contrary to the usual isotropic case, EELS becomes temperature dependent. This result, obtained by using thermodynamic Green's functions, arises from the unusual structure of the layer plasmon bands.
Unit Reynolds number effects on boundary-layer transition at Mach 6.

Boundary layer transition measurement on windward side of flat plate in hypersonic wind tunnel, discussing unit Reynolds number effects at Mach 6
Broadband Microwave Field-Effect Transistor Amplifiers

With the recent advent of transistors which are capable of operating in the microwave frequencies, both bipolar and field-effect transistors are used to replace other microwave amplifiers. In this paper, the broadband design theory and some experimental results of microwave field-effect transistor (FET) amplifiers are presented. The basic elements used in these broadband amplifiers are microwave silicon and gallium-arsenide Schottky-barrier field-effect transistors. Analytical broadband matching techniques are used together with computer-aided optimization techniques in the design of these broadband microwave FET amplifiers.
Resting Metabolic Rate: Measurement Reliability

Resting metabolic rate (RMR) usually is measured by indirect calorimetry for a brief interval, and the results are then extrapolated to 24-hr resting energy production. The aim of the current study was to examine the validity of this approach by measuring the within- and between-day variability in RMR. The RMR was measured hourly in 14 healthy adults from 8:00 am to 4:00 pm after an overnight fast on two separate days. The results indicated that, during day 1, RMR remained unchanged from early morning to late afternoon, and there was no significant difference between RMR measurements 1 through 8. Based upon analysis of variance and intraclass correlation coefficients, the averages of the first and the last three RMR measurements were found to be unreliable. RMR reliability was improved by averaging all measurements taken during the day, and maximum reliability was obtained by averaging the middle three RMR measurements. A similar pattern of results was observed during day 2, although the overall trend was for the reliability of RMR measurements to improve relative to day 1. The average RMRs on days 1 and 2 were not significantly different. These results indicate that the current practice of establishing a patient's RMR based upon a single measurement potentially can lead to large errors in determining energy needs. Measurement reliability can be improved by serially measuring RMR, eliminating the initial measurement, and averaging the remaining two to three values.
An empirical study of computer capacity planning in Japan

Capacity planners in Japan rely heavily on intuitive and judgmental approaches in their computer capacity planning functions, even more so than their U.S. counterparts, according to the following survey. The emphasis in large Japanese firms on job rotations, lifetime employment, and extensive social and informal interaction among employees helps contribute to the effectiveness of these judgmental methods.
TOWARDS THERMOELASTICITY OF FRACTAL MEDIA

An extension and generalization of thermomechanics with internal variables and thermoelasticity to fractal porous media is outlined. First, a field form of the second law of thermodynamics is derived. In conradistinction to the conventional Clausius–Duhem inequality, it involves generalized rates of deformation and internal variables. Upon introducing a dissipation function and postulating the thermodynamic orthogonality on any length-scale, constitutive laws of elastic-dissipative fractal media naturally involving generalized derivatives of strain and stress can then be derived. With a focus on thermoelasticity, a new form of Duhamel's differential equation of heat conduction is derived.
SATS: Sequential Analysis of Transcripts System

Sequential analysis and transcripts are natural partners.Both are frequently used by researchers interested inaspects of social interaction (e.g., child language, parent­child interaction, husband-wife interaction), and the utter­ances or turns in the transcript are frequently the eventsthat are subjected to sequential analysis. However, tran­scription and sequential analysis are time-consuming,labor-intensive tasks. We have therefore created theSequential Analysis of Transcripts System (SATS) toallow flexible and efficient sequential analysis of codedtranscripts.SATS requires that the input data be a single streamthat uses repeatable behavior codes. The form of the in­put data may be a coded transcript, which will be trans­lated by the SATS program STRAN, or the data formatof a STRAN output file, a vertical stream of digit codesrepresenting events. .SATS provides the relative newcomer to sequentialanalysis with an easy-to-use set ofprograms that auto­matically provide information useful for analyzing manyresearch questions involving a sequential level of anal­ysis. Such research questions include the foll?wing:
Word-Formation in Mark Boal’s The Hurt Locker

The repetition and development of unifying themes, ideas, and images within narratives are long-standing concerns in the literature on screenwriting. Four points of consensus concerning themes are evident: themes are 1) very few 2) are different from—but related to—the plotline 3) are oft-repeated and 4) are implicitly, rather than explicitly, stated. Several areas within the field of linguistics are relevant to these topics. Foremost among them is morphology, specifically word-formation—the rules by which new words are built upon the bases of other words, roots, or stems. This article considers the relationship of several kinds of word formation to thematic repetition in Mark Boal’s The Hurt Locker, the 2010 Academy-Award winner for best original screenplay. The morphological analysis reveals a pattern of thematic repetition extending to every scene of the screenplay and that encompasses the story’s underlying and unifying themes.
Insights into cellular microRNAs and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV‐1)

Recent findings suggest that mammalian microRNAs (miRNAs) may influence viral replication in host cells. Studies on HIV-1 infection have contributed in part to the development of this notion. Herein, we review, in brief, some of the evidence supportive of an interplay between human miRNAs and HIV-1 in cells. Several cellular miRNAs potentially act to restrict HIV-1 replication, and the virus has countermeasures to evade such restriction. J. Cell. Physiol. 216: 327–331, 2008. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
First observation of the scintillation light from solid Xe, Kr and Ar with a CsI photocathode

Abstract We have demonstrated that the scintillation light from solid Xe, Kr and Ar can be recorded by means of a CsI photocathode directly coupled with the solid. The signal obtained from the CsI photocathode inside solid rare gases is 20–100% higher than that previously observed with CsI photocathodes inside the same liquids. This may open new applications of solid rare gas scintillating detectors with such a readout.
Role of electrical activity in axotomy-induced increased glucose use

Glucose use as demonstrated by 2-deoxyglucose autoradiography increases in the hypoglossal nucleus after axotomy of the hypoglossal nerve. There are several possible explanations for this increase, including increased energy metabolism to support increased protein, RNA, and lipid synthesis during regeneration or, alternatively, increased electrical activity associated with the site of nerve transection or alterations in the neurolemma. To evaluate the possible role of electrical activity, we recorded spike activity in the hypoglossal nucleus after axotomy and evaluated glucose uptake in the hypoglossal nucleus after xylocaine application to the proximal nerve stump. There was no evidence from these experiments that an increased number of action potentials is responsible for the increased glucose use after axotomy.
Low Complexity Markov Chain Monte Carlo Detector for Channels with Intersymbol Interference

In this paper, we propose a novel low complexity soft-in soft-out (SISO) equalizer using the Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) technique. Direct application of MCMC to SISO equalization (reported in a previous work) results in a sequential processing algorithm that leads to a long processing delay in the communication link. Using the tool of factor graph, we propose a novel parallel processing algorithm that reduces the processing delay by orders of magnitude. Numerical results show that, both the sequential and parallel processing SISO equalizers perform similarly well and achieve a performance that is only slightly worse than the optimum SISO equalizer. The optimum SISO equalizer, on the other hand, has a complexity that grows exponentially with the size of the memory of the channel, while the complexity of the proposed SISO equalizers grows linearly.
Against Logical Form

An old view in logic going back to Aristotle is that an inference is valid in virtue of its logical form. Many psychologists have adopted the same point of view about human reasoning: the first step is to recover the logical form of an inference, and the second step is to apply rules of inference that match these forms in order to prove that the conclusion follows from the premises. The present paper argues against this idea. The logical form of an inference transcends the grammatical forms of the sentences used to express it, because logical form also depends on context. Context is not readily expressed in additional premises. And the recovery of logical form leads ineluctably to the need for infinitely many axioms to capture the logical properties of relations. An alternative theory is that reasoning depends on mental models, and this theory obviates the need to recover logical form.
UV doses of American children and adolescents.

Abstract The ultraviolet (UV) doses of American young adults were never measured, but are needed for assessing UV-related health risks. These doses were calculated using a novel approach. The National Human Activity Pattern Survey recorded the daily minute-by-minute activities of about 2000 young adults (0–19 years) over the course of 2 years to assess their exposure to environmental pollutants. From that survey, only the outdoor daylight data of northern and southern girls and boys were extracted and stratified by season and age to find the time American children (0–5 and 6–12 years) and adolescents (13–19 years) spend outside. They spend about 10% of the day outdoors, but only get about 30% of the available terrestrial UV radiation (on a horizontal plane). American children have about the same percent personal ambients as adults (3.1%), 2.8% for girls and 3.4% for boys. Adolescents have the lowest personal ambients (2.6%), 2.1% for girls and 3.1% for boys. To get their UV doses, their percent ambients a...
An Empirical Study of Multidimensional Ethnic Change The Case of the French Canadians in Quebec

This study provides empirical evidence to support the view that ethnic change is a multidimensional process. Using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis conducted on measures of several French Canadian (FC) ethnicity facets, it identifies ethnic affiliation and acculturative tendency as two key dimensions of ethnic change experienced by French Canadians in their contacts with English Canadians. The ethnic affiliation dimension was indicated by measures of FC social interaction, FC family, FC self-identification, and attachment to FC culture, whereas the acculturative tendency dimension was indicated by measures of attachment to English Canadian (EC) culture, attitude toward cultural exchange, and EC social interaction. These two dimensions are subsequently used to develop a typology of French Canadian ethnic orientation. Findings provide support for the ethnic pluralism or multiculturalism perspective in describing ethnic change.
The energetic basis of the DNA double helix: a combined microcalorimetric approach

Microcalorimetric studies of DNA duplexes and their component single strands showed that association enthalpies of unfolded complementary strands into completely folded duplexes increase linearly with temperature and do not depend on salt concentration, i.e. duplex formation results in a constant heat capacity decrement, identical for CG and AT pairs. Although duplex thermostability increases with CG content, the enthalpic and entropic contributions of an AT pair to duplex formation exceed that of a CG pair when compared at the same temperature. The reduced contribution of AT pairs to duplex stabilization comes not from their lower enthalpy, as previously supposed, but from their larger entropy contribution. This larger enthalpy and particularly the greater entropy results from water fixed by the AT pair in the minor groove. As the increased entropy of an AT pair exceeds that of melting ice, the water molecule fixed by this pair must affect those of its neighbors. Water in the minor groove is, thus, orchestrated by the arrangement of AT groups, i.e. is context dependent. In contrast, water hydrating exposed nonpolar surfaces of bases is responsible for the heat capacity increment on dissociation and, therefore, for the temperature dependence of all thermodynamic characteristics of the double helix.