cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Transplacental passage of acyclovir

6. Douglas WW. Histamine and antihistamines; 5-hydroxytryptamine and antagonists. In: Goodman LS, Gilman A, eds. The pharmacological basis of therapeutics, ed, 5. New York: Macmillan, 1975:608. 7. Krenzelock EP, Anderson GM, Mirick M, Massive diphenhydramine overdose resulting in death. Ann Emerg Med 1982;11:212. 8. Savchak VI. [Diphenylhydramine poisoning after topical administration] Vestn Dermatol Venerol 1982;1:62. 9. Shawn DH, McGuigan MA. Poisoning from dermal absorption of promethazine. Can Med Assoc J 1984;130:1460. 10. Schipior PG. An unusual case of antihistaminic intoxication. J PEDIATR 1967;71:589.
Unidirectional barbed sutures as a novel technique for laparoscopic ventral hernia repair

Incisional hernias remain a significant complication of abdominal surgeries. Primary closure of the hernia defect has been suggested to improve long-term abdominal wall function. However, this can be technically challenging and time consuming. This study describes laparoscopic use of non-absorbable barbed sutures in primary closure of hernia defects in addition to intraperitoneal mesh. Patients who underwent laparoscopic primary ventral hernia repair with mesh were prospectively reviewed. Two groups were defined: Operations performed with barbed sutures for primary closure in addition to mesh and operations with only mesh without defect repair. The surgical technique involved running the hernia defect with a 2-polypropylene non-absorbable unidirectional barbed suture and subsequently fixing the mesh intraperitoneally with tacks. In both groups, a single transfascial centering suture was also utilized. Twenty-eight cases with barbed suture and mesh reinforcement and 29 cases with mesh-only were identified. The average dimensions of the ventral hernia defects were 57.8 (6–187) and 44.6 cm2 (9–156) in the barbed suture with mesh and mesh-only group, respectively, p = 0.23. Median operating time was 78 min (range 35–187 min) in the barbed suture with mesh group versus 62 min (34–155 min) in the mesh-only group, p = 0.44. The median suturing time of closing the ventral hernia defect was 16 min (11–24 min). There were no differences in the pain scores. Mean follow-up for both groups was 8.2 ± 3.6 months (1–17 months) with one hernia recurrence in the mesh-only group, p = 0.41. The barbed suture closure system could be used for rapid and effective primary defect closure in laparoscopic ventral hernia repair in addition to intraperitoneal mesh placement. No significant difference in operating time was detected when compared to the mesh-only approach. Further evidence to support these findings and longer follow-up periods is warranted to evaluate short- and long-term complications.
Nonlinear Transient Finite Element Analysis of the Relaxation Mechanisms in Strained Silicon Grown on SiGe Virtual Substrate

Strained-silicon (e -Si) is essential for future nanoscale MOSFET devices. In this paper we report on the dynamics of strain relaxation in Si/SiGe heterostructures, investigated by transient nonlinear finite element analysis. The contribution to total misfit strain is found largely plastic in the graded SiGe layer and the top of the Si substrate, while it is mainly elastic in the strained Si layer and part of the SiGe constant layer. The calculated lattice parameter for the strained Si layer is about 5.47A for Si0.8Ge0.2 and 5.52 A for Si0.6Ge0.4. Calculated threading dislocation density was about 5.6x105 cm-2 for x=0.20 and 2.17x106cm-2 for x=0.40. A plastic strain rate of 8.4x10-3s-1 for Si0.8Ge0.2 and 4.1x10-2 s-1 for Si0.6Ge0.4 leading to a density of moving dislocations of ~2.2x109 cm-2 and ~ 1010cm-2, respectively, have been obtained. The elastic strain in the strained-Si layer appeared to increase with increasing the cooling rate, while plastic work was found to be independent of cooling rates.
Review of Mechanical Properties of Ti-6Al-4V Made by Laser-Based Additive Manufacturing Using Powder Feedstock

Laser-based additive manufacturing (AM) of metals using powder feedstock can be accomplished via two broadly defined technologies: directed energy deposition (DED) and powder bed fusion (PBF). In these processes, metallic powder is delivered to a location and locally melted with a laser heat source. Upon deposition, the material undergoes a rapid cooling and solidification, and as subsequent layers are added to the component, the material within the component is subjected to rapid thermal cycles. In order to adopt AM for the building of structural components, a thorough understanding of the relationships among the complex thermal cycles seen in AM, the unique heterogeneous and anisotropic microstructure, and the mechanical properties must be developed. Researchers have fabricated components by both DED and PBF from the widely used titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V and studied the resultant microstructure and mechanical properties. This review article discusses the progress to date on investigating the as-deposited and heat-treated microstructures and mechanical properties of Ti-6Al-4V structures made by powder-based laser AM using DED and PBF.
Impact of hydroxyl radical-induced injury on calcium handling and myofilament sensitivity in isolated myocardium

Hydroxyl radicals (OH˙) are involved in the pathogenesis of reperfusion injury and are observed in acute heart failure, stroke, and myocardial infarction. Two different subcellular defects are invo...
Gender differences in developmental programming of cardiovascular diseases

Hypertension is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, the leading cause of death worldwide. Although multiple factors contribute to the pathogenesis of hypertension, studies by Dr David Barker reporting an inverse relationship between birth weight and blood pressure led to the hypothesis that slow growth during fetal life increased blood pressure and the risk for cardiovascular disease in later life. It is now recognized that growth during infancy and childhood, in addition to exposure to adverse influences during fetal life, contributes to the developmental programming of increased cardiovascular risk. Numerous epidemiological studies support the link between influences during early life and later cardiovascular health; experimental models provide proof of principle and indicate that numerous mechanisms contribute to the developmental origins of chronic disease. Sex has an impact on the severity of cardiovascular risk in experimental models of developmental insult. Yet, few studies examine the influence of sex on blood pressure and cardiovascular health in low-birth weight men and women. Fewer still assess the impact of ageing on sex differences in programmed cardiovascular risk. Thus, the aim of the present review is to highlight current data about sex differences in the developmental programming of blood pressure and cardiovascular disease.
Surgical advancements in pediatric epilepsy surgery: from the mysterious to the minimally invasive

“ Men regard its nature and cause as divine from ignorance and wonder, because it is not at all like to other diseases. And this notion of its divinity is kept up by their inability to comprehend it. ” —Hippocrates, On the Sacred Disease, 400 BC
3D Printing of Calcium Phosphate Ceramics for Bone Tissue Engineering and Drug Delivery

Additive manufacturing, also known as 3D printing, has emerged over the past 3 decades as a disruptive technology for rapid prototyping and manufacturing. Vat polymerization, powder bed fusion, material extrusion, and binder jetting are distinct technologies of additive manufacturing, which have been used in a wide variety of fields, including biomedical research and tissue engineering. The ability to print biocompatible, patient-specific geometries with controlled macro- and micro-pores, and to incorporate cells, drugs and proteins has made 3D-printing ideal for orthopaedic applications, such as bone grafting. Herein, we performed a systematic review examining the fabrication of calcium phosphate (CaP) ceramics by 3D printing, their biocompatibility in vitro, and their bone regenerative potential in vivo, as well as their use in localized delivery of bioactive molecules or cells. Understanding the advantages and limitations of the different 3D printing approaches, CaP materials, and bioactive additives through critical evaluation of in vitro and in vivo evidence of efficacy is essential for developing new classes of bone graft substitutes that can perform as well as autografts and allografts or even surpass the performance of these clinical standards.
Methadon-Behandlung: Erfahrung und Anregungen

Es ist im Sinne dieser Zielsetzung von Professor Frerichs, des ersten Prasidenten des Kongresses, das ich an dieser Tagung in Wiesbaden teilnehme: um „Erfahrungen aus[zu]tauschen, Ideen an[zu]regen und aus[zu]fuhren“. Zunachst zu den Erfahrungen, und zwar den Erfahrungen mit Methadon in der Stadt New York.
Chapter 30 – Sural Nerve Interposition Graft During Radical Prostatectomy

Peripheral nerve axons, unlike their central nervous system counterparts, are capable of regenerating after transection. Interposition nerve grafting using a segment of the sural nerve is considered as a standard surgical technique for the reconstruction of peripheral nerve injuries involving significant segmental loss. The sural nerve was selected for interposition grafting because it has a larger caliber than the genitofemoral nerve. Sural nerve interposition graft (SNG) is not a substitute for nerve-sparing surgery. SNG at the time of radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP) requires only minor modifications to the nerve-sparing approach to RRP. Detailed studies of human pelvic anatomy over the past two decades have facilitated improvements in the technique that resulted in decreased morbidity and mortality from RRP. Furthermore, the advent of prostate specific antigen (PSA)-based prostate cancer screening has allowed for the diagnosis of prostate cancer at much earlier stages. This, in turn, has improved the ability to cure prostate cancer with RRP.
Chronic Air Pollution Exposure and Endothelial Dysfunction: What You Can't See—Can Harm You

Fine particulate matter air pollution <2.5 μm in diameter (PM2.5), a pervasive and often “invisible” component of modern-day atmospheres, has been linked to numerous adverse outcomes, including increased cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality. Indeed, an American Heart Association
Discovery and disclosure of incidental genetic information obtained through high throughput sequencing.

e17779 Background: Next generation sequencing platforms are increasingly being used in the oncology clinic. There is controversy over how, and if, to disclose germline variants that can be discover...
Assembly of a mononuclear ferrous site using a bulky aldehyde-imidazole ligand

Abstract A new iron(II) complex has been prepared and characterized. [Fe(TrImA)2(OTf)2] (1, TrImA = 1-Tritylimidazole-4-carboxaldehyde). The solid state structure of 1 has been determined by X-ray crystallography. Compound 1 crystallizes in monoclinic space group P21/c, with a = 10.8323(18) A, b = 8.1606(13) A and c = 24.818(4) A. The iron center is coordinated to two imidazole groups, two pendant aldehyde-derived carbonyl oxygens and two triflate oxygens. The complex is high spin between 300 and 20 K as indicated by variable field variable temperature magnetic measurements. A fit of the magnetic data yielded g = 2.17 and D = 4.05 cm−1. A large HOMO-LUMO gap energy (4.49 eV) exists for 1 indicating high stability.
Strength Criteria And Analytic Predictions of Failure Pressure In Line Pipes

This paper analytically investigates the failure pressure of line pipes with or without corrosion defects, and focuses on the conditions under which the classic strength criteria are appropriate for predicting failure pressure. Based on finite strain theory, a plastic collapse model is presented for end-capped defect-free pipes in a power-law hardening material. A closedform solution of the limit pressure is thus formulated as a function of the strain hardening exponent n, and an estimation of n from the T/Y ratio is developed as well. This plastic instability solution is then extended to predict the failure pressure of corroded line pipes, and is validated using detailed finite element results and the PRCI experimental database. Results show that, when n approaches 0.2 or 0, which reflects the practical limits of a high or low hardening material, the plastic instability solution is coincident with that predicted by the Tresca or von Mises criterion, respectively.
Assessment of drought and its uncertainty in a southern Italy area (Calabria region)

Abstract Drought is one of the most common natural events having a great negative impact on agriculture. The main objective of this study was to assess the drought severity and to map its spatial distribution and uncertainty in the Calabria region (southern Italy). The Reconnaissance Drought Index (RDI) was used to assess the drought severity whereas a geostatistical approach was used to map the spatial distribution of RDI and its uncertainty. Particularly, geostatistical stochastic simulation was used for assessing the uncertainty of RDI. Dry and wet areas of the study area were identified and higher uncertainty was found in the mountainous areas of center and north-western portions of the region. A strong relation between the average annual initial value of RDI and orography was detected: wet areas were located in the highest mountains while dry areas in the lowest and coastal areas. The results of this study could help decision-makers in planning management water programs.
Influence of moisture loss during storage on new growth of conifer seedlings

Abstract The relationship between moisture loss from bare-root 2-year-old seedlings of Colorado spruce (Picea pungens glauca Engelm.) and percent survival and performance after extended storage at ...
Materializing the nation in everyday life: on symbols and objects in the Palestinian refugee diaspora

This article considers the nationalizing practices of everyday life among Palestinian refugees in Jordan. Concerned with what some scholars call banal or everyday nationhood, it examines how particular objects within the ordinary lives of Palestinian refugees articulate conceptions of national belonging and difference. Attending to the discursive and the material, this article argues that understanding Palestinian national practice among refugees in Jordan requires specific attention to the material objects consumed and displayed within the homes and institutions of Palestinian life. As icons productive of a national sensorium, these objects are critical for understanding the constitution of nationhood and what I call a national visualscape. Embedded within the routine spaces of ordinary life, this paper argues that national practice is often visible yet unseen, articulated yet unheard. Palestinian nationhood in Jordan is thus an ordinary affair; it is the practical accomplishment of ordinary people engaged in the production of nationhood without a nationalist movement.
Hypertensive Crisis After a Successful Placement of an Epidural Anesthetic in a Hypertensive Parturient: Case Report

Background and Objectives The use of epinephrine-containing local anesthetic solutions in pre-eclampsia is controversial. While epinephrine in local anesthetic solutions has been used without complications in this setting, a hypertensive reaction remains a concern among many clinicians. Methods An epidural anesthetic containing epinephrine was administered to a hypertensive parturient for cesarean delivery. When a hypertensive crisis developed, the radial artery was cannulated and administration of sodium nitroprusside was initiated. Arterial blood samples were evaluated for plasma norepinephrine and serum lidocaine concentrations. Results The introduction of lumbar epidural anesthesia for cesarean delivery using 30 mL 2% lidocaine with 1:200,000 epinephrine resulted in a profound hypertensive reaction, in the patient with pre-eclampsia, despite an adequate level of epidural anesthesia. Conclusions Epinephrine-containing local anesthetic solutions may place a hypertensive parturient at significant risk of an acute hypertensive reaction.
Mechanical and tribological properties of amorphous carbon films

The mechanical and tribological properties of amorphous carbon films have been studied in more detail in recent years because these films (a) can be deposited near room temperature, thus allowing film deposition on common engineering alloys (i.e., aluminum and steel) without altering their mechanical properties, and (b) are smooth and conform to surface roughness of the substrate, thus requiring no post deposition processing. In addition, amorphous carbon films exhibit low unlubricated sliding friction in contact with steel and ceramics which is comparable to that of steel against steel in a lubricated contact. The wear resistance of these films is also better than Ti‐based hard coatings. Further improvement in film tribological properties can be achieved by modifying film chemical composition. Because of these attractive features, amorphous carbon films have been evaluated in several applications including automotive, electronic and biomedical engineering. However, environmental factors such as oxygen and humidity have been found to influence tribological properties significantly. This paper reviews the current understanding of the tribological properties of both hydrogenated and non‐hydrogenated amorphous carbon films, the mechanisms responsible for low friction coefficient and identifies areas that require further research.
Atlas: An Automatic Assembly Sequencing and Fixturing System

We present a method to generate automatically both an assembly sequence and a fixture to hold all the intermediate subassemblies, given only a geometric description of the product. The main contribution here is that the sequence and fixture are generated concurrently rather than sequentially, unlike in previous assembly-planning work. Also, the representation of possible fixturing locations is more complete. This method has been implemented for the planar case, and we present experimental results below. We also discuss some of the key issues involved in the concurrent design of assembly sequences and fixtures. The long-term vision for this work is a CAD tool which can provide immediate feedback to a product designer about the ease of assembling the proposed product.
Indices to Determine the Environmental and Economic Impact of Using an Electric Vehicle over Gasoline or Hybrid Vehicles on a Regional Basis

Transitioning to electric vehicles (EV) can lower emission to mitigate the effects of climate change. Labeling an EV as completely ‘zero emission’ is incorrect, as it ignores the emissions produced by the electricity generation used to charge the vehicle. The local electricity provider’s energy mix will determine the emissions of an EV, and the fuel efficiency will determine economic savings. This paper will describe the development of two indices to gauge the regional environmental and economic impact of a new EV as compared to a new conventional internal combustion engine vehicle (ICEV) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEV), which will be used to create an interface for vehicle comparison in the future.
Mexican-American adolescents' perceptions about causes of perinatal depression, self-help strategies, and how to obtain mental health information.

Problem Perinatal depression is a public health concern as it is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Previous studies have recommended further examination of perinatal depression among Mexican-American adolescents. Thus, the purpose of this study was to understand pregnant and postpartum Mexican-American adolescents' knowledge and beliefs concerning perinatal depression. Methods This qualitative descriptive study examined perceptions about the causes of perinatal depression, self-help strategies, and how to obtain mental health information. Data were analyzed using deductive and inductive qualitative content analysis. A convenience sample, consisiting of 20 pregnant and postpartum adolescents, self-identified as Mexican-Americans, between the ages of 15 and 19 years was interviewed. Findings The quality of relationships with their family and significant other and difficulties in transitioning to motherhood were described as potential causes for depression. Journaling, exercising, and spending time with friends and family were identified as self-help strategies. Healthcare providers, the internet, and mothers who have experienced depression were stated as helpful sources of mental health information. Conclusion An assessment of their psychosocial environment is indicated to identify risk or protective factors for perinatal depression. Its consideration and inclusion in interventions may optimize mental health among perinatal adolescents.
Epicardial pacemaker implantation in small animals.

Abstract Epicardial pacemaker implantation can be performed as a lone procedure or in combination with another thoracic or abdominal surgery. This article reviews the current literature and describes a minimally invasive approach for epicardial pacemaker implantation in small animals. The principal advantage of epicardial pacing is that it avoids contact with blood and intracardiac structures and thereby avoids uncommon but potentially devastating complications associated with endocardial pacemaker implantation. Epicardial pacing as a lone procedure can be accomplished via an abdominal transdiaphragmatic or minimal incision thoracotomy approach (minithoracotomy). A minithoracotomy offers the advantages of being less invasive and providing more direct access to the cardiac surface for suturing of epicardial electrodes. Epicardial pacing is a viable option for smaller animals, animals with pre-existing infections, animals at risk for thrombotic complications, or animals undergoing another thoracic or abdominal surgery.
I didn't want them to see: Secretive eating among adults with binge‐eating disorder

Objective Secretive eating is characterized by eating furtively and concealing the act and evidence of eating. Among youth, secretive eating is common and associated with eating-disorder psychopathology. Yet, secretive eating among adults, including adults with eating disorders, is relatively unexplored. Method We assessed secretive eating among treatment-seeking adults with binge-eating disorder (BED) and examined demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with and without secretive eating. Patients (N = 755) were assessed for BED, eating-disorder psychopathology, and depression by trained doctoral clinicians using established interviews and self-report measures; height and weight were measured. Results Overall, 54% of patients reported secretive eating distinct (i.e., separate) from objective binge-eating episodes (OBEs). A significantly greater proportion of women than men endorsed secretive eating; age, race, and education did not significantly differ. Patients with and without secretive eating did not significantly differ in body mass index (BMI), OBEs, overeating episodes, or restraint. Patients with secretive eating endorsed significantly more subjective binge-eating episodes, greater eating concerns, shape concerns, and weight concerns and had higher depression scores than patients without secretive eating. Patients with secretive eating were significantly more likely to have overvaluation of shape/weight than patients without secretive eating. Results remained the same after adjusting for sex, race, and BMI. Discussion Findings suggest that, among patients with BED, secretive eating reflects greater eating-disorder psychopathology but not increased frequency of OBEs or greater BMI. Understanding secretive eating can to inform determination of eating-disorder severity contribute to treatment formulation and planning.
Ontogeny of inter-alpha inhibitor protein (IAIP) expression in human brain.

Inter-alpha Inhibitor proteins (IAIPs) are naturally occurring immunomodulatory molecules found in most tissues. We have reported ontogenic changes in the expression of IAIPs in brain during development in sheep and abundant expression of IAIPs in fetal and neonatal rodent brain in a variety cellular types and brain regions. Although a few studies identified bikunin, light chain of IAIPs, in adult human brain, the presence of the complete endogenous IAIP protein complex has not been reported in human brain. In this study, we examined the immunohistochemical expression of endogenous IAIPs in human cerebral cortex from early in development through the neonatal period and in adults using well-preserved postmortem brains. We examined total, nuclear and cytoplasmic staining of endogenous IAIPs and their expression in neurofilament light polypeptide (NFL) positive neurons and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) positive astrocytes. IAIPs were ubiquitously detected for the first time in cerebral cortical cells at 24–26, 27–28, 29–36 and 37–40 weeks of gestation and in adults. Quantitative analyses revealed that IAIPs were predominately localized in the nucleus in all age groups, but cytoplasmic IAIP expression was more abundant in adults than in the younger ages. Immunoreactivity of IAIPs was expressed in neurons and astrocytes in all age groups. In addition, IAIP co-localization with GFAP-positive astrocytes was more abundant in adults than in the developing brain. We conclude that IAIPs exhibit ubiquitous expression, and co-localize with neurons and astrocytes in the developing and adult human brain suggesting a potential role for IAIPs in development and endogenous neuroprotection.
Metastatic cutaneous fibrous histiocytoma-utility of array based comparative genomic hybridization in supporting metastatic disease years out from the initial diagnosis: A case report and review of literature

Abstract Cutaneous fibrous histiocytoma (cFH) is a common benign mesenchymal neoplasm. Although most cases of cFH behave indolently, rare cases have been reported that show aggressive behavior. At least 41 cases of metastatic fibrous histiocytoma (metFH) have been previously reported, with only eleven cases of fibrous histiocytomas that eventually metastasized analyzed with aCGH thus far. These limited studies have proposed that the number of chromosomal aberrations increases along a spectrum in cutaneous fibrous histiocytomas, making array-based comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) a potential tool for recognizing aggressive cFHs and metastatic disease, especially when the time interval from the primary diagnosis is prolonged. Herein, we report a case of metastasizing cellular fibrous histiocytoma in which aCGH analysis of the primary and metastatic tumors demonstrated multiple shared chromosomal aberrations, helping support metastatic disease (nine years out from the initial diagnosis) and briefly review the current literature on aCGH and its role in predicting aggressive behavior in such neoplasms.
Experimental Studies and Modeling of High-Sulfate Soil Stabilization

AbstractAn experimental study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of lime stabilization with precompaction mellowing in stabilizing six different high-sulfate soils. Three mellowing times, 0,...
POTENTIAL ROLE OF ADHESION MOLECULES P, E, AND L-SELECTINS IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF PULMONARY EMBOLISM

Pulmonary embolism has an intricate manner of development. Platelet (P), Endothelial (E), and Leukocyte (L)-selectins will be examined for their potential function in pulmonary embolism through the use of correlational analyses to D-Dimer, Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha, and Plasminogen Activating
Learning Parallel Markov Chains over Unreliable Wireless Channels

This paper studies the problem of communications between aircraft and a control tower for aviation risk monitoring over wireless channels. The control tower needs to monitor the state of each aircraft in real time by receiving reports from the aircraft. Due to limited bandwidth, only a subset of aircraft can communicate with the control tower at the same time. This paper focuses on the problem of optimal scheduling of data transmissions to minimize the risk. We formulate the problem as learning states of parallel Markov chains where each Markov chain represents an aircraft, and the objective is to minimize the information entropy of all the aircraft. We propose an algorithm based on Whittle’s index and study the indexability of the problem for both single-state wireless channels and multi-state wireless channels. Our numerical evaluations show that our algorithm improves the accuracy of the estimations compared with the heuristic scheduling methods such as greedy and Round& Robin.
Discovery of the Circulatory System

Since ancient times, the heart has been equated to a household divinity, the source of life and that of the immortal soul. Throughout the Middle Ages, poets, kings, lords, and subjects alike had romantically characterized the heart as the emblem of human emotions. In this chapter, the author discusses the historical view of the heart and the circulatory system from the ancient Egyptians to the ultimate discovery of circulation by William Harvey.
Contactless U: Higher Education in the Postcoronavirus World

By late February 2020, the world was reeling from the onslaught of COVID-19, many had already died, and the predicted trajectory was catastrophic Worldwide, a large majority of university administrators realized that they would need to prohibit or severely limit physical access to campuses, thereby threatening completion of the current academic session, research programs, and the conduct of university business This dire situation could only be mitigated by virtual meetings and research activities and by reinventing courses already in session or about to launch into online equivalents Across the globe, decisions were made to put courses online and move all meetings to virtual formats Faculty and students who never tried online learning before (and were reluctant) were suddenly faced with it The implementation issues and second-order effects impacted housing, scholarships and other funding sources, travel arrangements, and more The forced conversion made sensational news with everyone, even outside academia, discussing the subject in email threads, on social media, and on radio and television Teaching and taking online courses are difficult, and this fact surprised many except those with experience © 2020 IEEE Computer Society All rights reserved
Cyclic Relaxation Response Under Creep-Fatigue Conditions

The path and history dependence of elevated-temperature, time-dependent deformation response is investigated for three alloy steels-21/4Cr-1Mo steel, Type 304 stainless steel, and Type 316 stainless steel. The scope is limited to uniaxial loading under isothermal conditions. Relaxation data are evaluated for several prior cyclic (fatigue) loading histories. Results of these evaluations are compared with creep data for the same histories. To analyze stress relaxation data, creep equations are chosen and integrated using the time-hardening rule to develop closed-form expressions for relaxation response. Coefficients for these relaxation expressions are obtained using nonlinear least squares techniques. The appropriateness of using linearized transformations compared with direct nonlinear approaches is treated. For tensile hold-time creep-fatigue tests, the dependence of the coefficients on initial stress level is evaluated. Finally, the dramatic effects of both loading sequence and strain (both monotonic and cyclic) are discussed for one particular experimental case.
A National Analysis of Music Coursetaking, Social-Emotional Learning, and Academic Achievement Using Propensity Scores:

The purpose of this study was to examine the association between curricular high school music participation, academic achievement, and social-emotional learning. The analysis involved a “doubly rob...
Specialist participation and limit orders

Abstract We present a market microstructure model to examine specialist's strategic participation decisions in a security market where there are noise traders, limit order traders, an insider and a specialist. We argue that the specialist's participation rate depends on the depth of the limit book and its uncertainty. In particular, the specialist has incentives to trade against the market trend when the limit book depth is low and to trade with the market trend when the depth is high. Moreover, the specialist's participation rate is positively related to the limit book depth uncertainty and the asset price volatility, but is negative related to the average trading volume. We also discuss the specialist's participation strategies under the NYSE regulation that prohibits the specialist from trading with the market trend.
Prenatal drug exposure and executive function in early adolescence.

PURPOSE Study of the relationship between prenatal cocaine exposure (PCE) and executive function (EF) has yielded inconsistent results. The purpose of the current study is to examine whether PCE, biological sex, environmental risk, and their interaction predicted EF in early adolescence. METHODS 135 12-year-old adolescents (40.7% with PCE), who were followed prospectively from birth, attempted up to 8 Tower of Hanoi (ToH) puzzle trials of increasing complexity. The number of correctly completed puzzles served as the main outcome measure. Survival analysis was used to examine predictors of the number of successfully completed trials. RESULTS As trial difficulty increased, fewer adolescents were able to solve the TOH puzzle. Adolescents from high risk environments and with either prenatal alcohol or prenatal cannabis exposure completed fewer puzzles (p < .05). In addition, a hypothesized 3-way interaction of PCE x sex x environmental risk was found such that cocaine-exposed males with high environmental risk had the worst performance (p < .01). CONCLUSIONS The current findings are consistent with prior research indicating that males with PCE may be at particular risk of poorer functioning and highlight the potential importance of examining adolescent's sex and environmental risk as moderators of PCE effects.
Framing and Painting the Library: Mapping Existing Instruction, Services, and Practices to Established Standards

Moravian’s seminary liaison librarian utilizes existing frames and standards to map to the seminary’s curriculum and existing services in order to paint a complete picture of all the library offers. Using lessons learned from mapping the curriculum of the MATS program to the Framework for Information Literacy for Higher Education, the current curriculum mapping iteration has expanded to focus on courses required across degree programs. The curriculum mapping across degree programs not only provides ideas on how to scaffold library instruction, but it also serves as a stepping stone for mapping instruction and library services to the ATS and Middle States standards. Aligning the library’s projects, resources, and services to standards that matter to seminary administration and faculty can generate awareness of the important role the library serves.
Special Issues in Younger Women with Breast Cancer.

Although women less than 50 years old make up less than 25 % of the patient population with breast cancer in industrialized countries, they have unique clinical and psychosocial issues that must be addressed as part of their oncology care to ensure the best health and psychosocial outcomes after treatment. Preserving fertility is a major issue for many younger women who have either not had children or would like to have additional children after treatment. Dealing with the disruption of a cancer diagnosis at a young age is challenging physically, socially and emotionally, and the health care system does not always address these patients’ concerns. Because younger women have the potential for a long life expectancy after cancer treatment, preventing and reducing the risk for late effects of cancer treatment is very important. We discuss these and a range of other issues throughout this chapter.
On Hybrid and mixed finite element methods

Three versions of the assumed stress hybrid model in finite element methods and the corresponding variational principles for the formulation are presented. Examples of rank deficiency for stiffness matrices by the hybrid stress model are given and their corresponding kinematic deformation modes are identified. A discussion of the derivation of general semi-Loof elements for plates and shells by the hybrid stress method is given. It is shown that the equilibrium model by Fraeijs de Veubeke can be derived by the approach of the hybrid stress model as a special case of semi-Loof elements.
Electrochemical Approaches to the Reduction of Carbon Dioxide

Carbon dioxide reduction requires the input of energy or a high energy reductant to drive the reaction. Two possible energy sources which can be used in this capacity are electrochemical potential and light. In this paper approaches to CO2 reduction by direct and indirect electrochemical methods are reviewed and analyzed. The indirect reductions involve the use of metal complexes in solution or on the electrode surface as electron transfer mediators and catalysts for reduction. The product distributions are sensitive to reaction media and conditions, but in many cases inadequate analyses are reported. A brief discussion of photochemical and photoelectrochemical reductions of CO2 is also given.
HIV Testing Among Haitian Women: Lessons in the Recognition of Risk

Haitian women in Miami, Florida, responded to recruitment for testing of HIV antibody serostatus in ways that demonstrated the value of ethnographic methods for studying reactions to this kind of test, especially pre- and posttest counseling sessions. A total of 155 women between 14 and 61 years old, recruited in Miami in 1992 and 1993, participated. Response to testing identified three primary obstacles to the women's understanding of content presented in pre- and posttest counseling sessions: (1) their confusion about the meaning of positive versus negative, (2) the investigators' difficulty in communicating the concept of antibody, and (3) vagueness of the concept of window period between exposure and presentation of antibody. Retesting of a subset of Haitian participants helped to define sexual risk among these women in terms of having partners who had other partners and perception of supernatural risk.
Medical-Behavioral Research in Retardation

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the medical–behavioral research in retardation. Because the family's and the community's ability or willingness to deal with retardation decreases just as the probability of biological aberrations increases, it is not surprising that it fell to the physician to make therapeutic recommendations. This chapter discusses some bases for evaluating the medical–behavioral research designs by focusing on the common methodological problems, and thereby to aid the planning and execution of the future studies. The first step is to explore the diversity of the field. Then, some problems of the method are studied as they apply generally and in respect to the research on particular medical classifications. There will be a review of behavioral research. Although focused upon mongolism, this literature provides a model of diversified interest that could well be applied to other medical classifications.
Computing path-tables of quickest paths under different routing mechanisms

Several recent transport methods employ routing at a level such as the datagram, TCP stream, or application level in order to address quality of service in wide-area networks. The quickest path problem deals with the transmission of a message from a source to a destination with the minimum end-to-end delay over a network with delay and bandwidth constraints on the links. The minimum end-to-end delay path depends on the routing mechanism used for transport in addition to the message size and the link bandwidths and delays. We present algorithms for computing the path-table that specifies the minimum end-to-end delay path as a function of message size for six routing modes reflecting mechanisms such as circuit switching, Internet Protocol, and their combinations. These algorithms have polynomial time complexity in some cases, and in others achieve polynomial time complexity when the set of link bandwidths is suitably bounded.
A Delicate People and Their Dogs

In the midst of the great depression, with a large number of people hovering on the edge of starvation, the government of Newfoundland decided to insist that all dogs be licensed - for a fee. Unfolding the enforcement process permits us to see how suffering and domination become dynamically intertwined, and in the mesh of this moving net the concept of ‘subsistence production’ can be caught and brought more clearly into history.
Energy balance and thermogenesis in rats consuming nonstarch polysaccharides of various fermentabilities

Background: The equivalents of dietary protein, fat, and available carbohydrate as fuels for maintenance (kJ apparent metabolizable energy/kJ maintenance requirement) are known from classical experiments and are similar across species; that for nonstarch polysaccharide (NSP) is undetermined. Objectives: Our objectives were to determine the energy equivalent of NSP and the thermic responses to NSP. Design: In a randomized block design. 120 rats were treated in groups of 10 for 28 d with a basal diet (control) supplemented with starch and 10 different NSP treatments in amounts between 38 and 92 g/kg basal diet. Cellulose and starch were references. Thermic responses. deduced from body-composition changes and modeling of energy disposition. and energy and substrate excretion were determined. Results: NSP had fermentabilities between 0.01 and 0.93 g/g intake. Fermentability, partial digestible energy, and net metabolizable energy values of NSP were closely related. Generally. 51% of apparent metabolizable energy from NSP (fermentable gross energy) met maintenance requirements. Diet (energy)-induced thermogenesis (DIT) was evident from whole diets. Fermentable NSP supplied net metabolizable energy and caused DIT. After DIT and fermentation were accounted for. NSP-induced thermogenesis was generally -2 ± 4% (x ± SEM) of gross NSP energy, except for an outlying pectic preparation. which was 33% (P< 0.1). Conclusions: The energy equivalent of NSP was 196 (100/51) kJ/kJ, compared with 128. 105, and 100 for protein, fat, and glucose, respectively, from the classical experiments. With the exception of pectic NSP, NSP does not induce thermogenesis in excess of that associated with DIT and fermentation.
The forkhead transcription factor, Foxo1, may coordinate naïve CD8+ T cell homeostasis with energy availability in mice. (LYM4P.758)

The naive CD8+ T cell population must be large enough so that sufficient diversity exists to respond to potential pathogens, yet not so large as to unnecessarily drain an organism’s resources. Thus, we propose that a molecular network links the size of the naive CD8+ T cell pool with energy availability. We report that short-term calorie restriction in C57BL/6 mice resulted in reduced numbers of naive CD8+ T cells which efficiently engaged survival signals and minimized energy usage. For example, calorie restricted naive CD8+ T expressed higher levels of CD8 and CD127 than ad libitum cells, both of which are responsible for receiving homeostatic survival signals in vivo. Naive CD8+ T cells isolated from calorie restricted mice also experienced less death-by-neglect and engaged in less glycolysis than cells isolated from mice fed ad libitum. Finally, neither the size of the naive CD8+ T cell pool nor the sensitivity of those cells to death-by-neglect were affected by calorie restriction in the absence of the forkhead transcription factor, Foxo1, indicating that Foxo1 may be involved in synchronizing the size of the naive CD8+ T cell pool with energy availability.
Alveolar Type I Cells: Molecular Phenotype and Development

Understanding of the functions and regulation of the phenotype of the alveolar type I epithelial cell has lagged behind studies of its neighbor the type II cell because of lack of cell-specific molecular markers. The recent identification of several proteins expressed by type I cells indicates that these cells may play important roles in regulation of cell proliferation, ion transport and water flow, metabolism of peptides, modulation of macrophage functions, and signaling events in the peripheral lung. Cell systems and reagents are available to characterize type I cell biology in detail, an important goal given that the cells provide the extensive surface that facilitates gas exchange in the intact animal.
Research review: Functional brain connectivity and child psychopathology--overview and methodological considerations for investigators new to the field.

Background Functional connectivity MRI is an emerging technique that can be used to investigate typical and atypical brain function in developing and aging populations. Despite some of the current confounds in the field of functional connectivity MRI, the translational potential of the technique available to investigators may eventually be used to improve diagnosis, early disease detection, and therapy monitoring. Method and Scope Based on a comprehensive survey of the literature, this review offers an introduction of resting-state functional connectivity for new investigators to the field of resting-state functional connectivity. We discuss a brief history of the technique, various methods of analysis, the relationship of functional networks to behavior, as well as the translational potential of functional connectivity MRI to investigate neuropsychiatric disorders. We also address some considerations and limitations with data analysis and interpretation. Conclusions The information provided in this review should serve as a foundation for investigators new to the field of resting-state functional connectivity. The discussion provides a means to better understand functional connectivity and its application to typical and atypical brain function.
ISE03-5: Toposemantic Network Clustering

We study the problem of building an optimal network-layer clustering hierarchy, where the optimality can be defined using three potentially conflicting metrics: state, delay and bandwidth. The problem of network clustering where a node's addresses depends on the node's location (e.g. in the hierarchy) is well studied. We study a problem where network nodes are addressed by specifications that might not be tied to locations in the topology. We propose and compare several distributed clustering algorithms: (i) clustering based solely on topology, (ii) clustering based solely on semantics (node specifications) and (iii) a combination of the above methods (toposemantic network clustering), where we specify a parameter that determines how much the clustering depends on topology and how much on semantics. We show that the toposemantic method yields the best results when we know the right parameter value for a given topology and assignment of specifications. We propose an algorithm that does not require a parameter, but nevertheless yields better results than the first two methods.
Design and Control of the Monoisopropylamine Process

The monoisopropylamine (MIPA) process provides an interesting example of plantwide economic design optimization and plantwide control. The process consists of a tubular reactor and three distillation columns. There are both gas and liquid recycles. Fresh feed streams of isopropyl alcohol and ammonia are introduced into the process. The desired products are MIPA and water. An undesirable byproduct of di-isopropylamine (DIPA) is also produced and is recycled to extinction since its formation reaction is reversible. An excess of ammonia in the reactor inhibits the DIPA reaction, so ammonia is also recycled. The purpose of this paper is to present the details of the process for use by other workers as a test case for use in plantwide design and control studies. A heuristic economic optimum design and a control structure are developed. The process illustrates the classical design trade-off between reactor costs versus separation costs. In addition, the process has two recycles, which are both distillate produc...