cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Resolutions of cones over Einstein-Sasaki spaces

Abstract Recently an explicit resolution of the Calabi–Yau cone over the inhomogeneous five-dimensional Einstein–Sasaki space Y 2 , 1 was obtained. It was constructed by specialising the parameters in the BPS limit of recently-discovered Kerr–NUT–AdS metrics in higher dimensions. We study the occurrence of such non-singular resolutions of Calabi–Yau cones in a more general context. Although no further six-dimensional examples arise as resolutions of cones over the L p q r Einstein–Sasaki spaces, we find general classes of non-singular cohomogeneity-2 resolutions of higher-dimensional Einstein–Sasaki spaces. The topologies of the resolved spaces are of the form of an R 2 bundle over a base manifold that is itself an S 2 bundle over an Einstein–Kahler manifold.
Knee and leg injuries.

Knee and leg injuries are extremely common presentations to the emergency department. Understanding the anatomy of the knee, particularly the vasculature and ligamentous structures, can help emergency physicians (EPs) diagnose and manage these injuries. Use of musculoskeletal ultrasonography can further aid EPs through the diagnostic process. Proper use of knee immobilizers can also improve long-term patient outcomes.
UWB TDOA localization system: Receiver configuration analysis

The accuracy of time-difference-of-arrival (TDOA) ultra-wideband (UWB) localization system depends mainly on two factors: the receiver geometric configuration and the TDOA measurement accuracy. In this paper, we analyze the geometric dilution of precision (GDOP) of TDOA localization when the receiver geometric configurations are near optimum. The analytical relationship between the GDOP and the number of receivers is derived. The position error bound as a function of the signal bandwidth and the number of receivers based on the UWB distance error model derived from measurement is simulated. These results provide a useful guidance for optimizing practical localization systems.
A simple model of river meandering and its comparison to natural channels

We develop a new method for analysis of meandering channels based on planform sinuosity. This analysis objectively identifies three channel-reach lengths based on sinuosity measured at those lengths: the length of typical, simple bends; the length of long, often compound bends; and the length of several bends in sequence that often evolve from compound bends to form multibend loops. These lengths, when normalized by channel width, tend to fall into distinct and clustered ranges for different natural channels. Mean sinuosity at these lengths also falls into distinct ranges. That range is largest for the third and greatest length, indicating that, for some streams, multibend loops are important for planform sinuosity, whereas for other streams, multibend loops are less important. The role of multibend loops is seldom addressed in the literature, and they are not well predicted by previous modelling efforts. Also neglected by previous modelling efforts is bank–flow interaction and its role in meander evolution. We introduce a simple river meandering model based on topographic steering that has more in common with cellular approaches to channel braiding and landscape evolution modelling than to rigorous, physics-based analyses of river meandering. The model is sufficient to produce reasonable meandering channel evolution and predicts compound bend and multibend loop formation similar to that observed in nature, in both mechanism and importance for planform sinuosity. In the model, the tendency to form compound bends is sensitive to the relative magnitudes of two lengths governing meander evolution: (i) the distance between the bend cross-over and the zone of maximum bank shear stress, and (ii) the bank shear stress dissipation length related to bank roughness. In our simple model, the two lengths are independent. This sensitivity implies that the tendency for natural channels to form compound bends may be greater when the banks are smoother. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
AGENTS OF PEACE IN THEATERS OF WAR: RETHINKING THE ROLE OF MILITARY CHAPLAINS

Abstract In an interconnected and interdependent world in which human rights, political democracy, and particular religious loyalties matter profoundly, the role of armies is changing. Increasingly armies are called on to engage in peacekeeping and peacemaking missions. We may be witnessing an emerging worldwide movement to make external, reconciliatory ministry one of the chaplain's proper roles. Chaplains must understand the functions of faith and examine where they place their ultimate loyalty. At the same time, the military itself may be challenged to re-conceptualize its mission in terms of peacemaking.
093 Prostaglandin E2 Inhibits Fibroblast Migration: Implications for Wound Healing

Background: Wound healing is a complex process involving multiple cell types, extracellular matrix components and soluble mediators. Prostaglandin E2 is an important component of the inflammatory response to injury. PGE2 can regulate the fibroblast response to injury via the EP receptor family. Here, we examine PGE2 regulation of fibroblast migration. Our analysis extends to fibroblasts representing a spectrum of wound healing phenotypes. Hypothesis: Prostaglandin E2 mediated inhibition of fibroblast migration is conserved across multiple fibroblast phenotypes. Methods: Primary cultures of human fetal, adult and keloid fibroblasts were used. Analysis of the EP receptor profile for each fibroblast phenotype was conducted using real-time PCR, Western blot and immunohistochemistry. Fibroblast migration was quantified using a well established in vitro scratch assay. Results: Prostaglandin E2, via EP2/EP4 receptors, inhibits fibroblast migration in all fibroblast phenotypes. Fetal fibroblasts retain a more robust migratory phenotype when compared to normal adult and keloid fibroblasts. Normal adult fibroblasts exhibit a dramatic destabilization of the actin cytoskeleton which accompanies PGE2 inhibition of cell migration. This effect was not observed in fetal or keloid fibroblasts. Conclusions: Fibroblast activity in the wound bed can be altered by inflammatory mediators. The effects of prostaglandin E2 appear to be partially conserved across various fibroblast phenotypes. Variability in the response of these cells, however, indicates that fibroblasts derived from fetal tissue may retain intrinsic altered response mechanisms to endogenous inflammatory mediators.
The concept of demand-side management for electric utilities

Demand-side management (DSM) is the planning and implementation of those electric utility activities designed to influence customer uses of electricity in ways that will produce desired changes in the utility's load shape. While the objective of any DSM activity is to produce a load-shape change, the art of successful implementation and the ultimate success of the program rests within the balancing of utility and customer needs. This paper describes demand-side management for electric utilities and discusses the evolution of this concept for load management, strategic conservation, and marketing.
On sequential R estimation of location in the general behrens fisher model

For a general Behrens-Fisher model (relating to a shift in location between two symmetric distributions with possibly different shapes), asymptotic theory of sequential R-estimation is studied. Sequential versions of the usual two sample R-estimators and some alternative ones (based on the difference of one sample R-estimators) are considered and asymptotic risk efficiency results for these estimators are presented. In this context, under the general Behrens-Fisher model, for R-estimators, uniform integrability and moment convergence results are established.
Malnutrition, Tube Feeding and Pressure Sores: Data Are Incomplete

PURPOSE: To review data about the relationship between pressure sores and (1) nutritional status, (2) nutrient intake, and (3) tube feeding. DATA SOURCES: Medline search of terms associated with “decubitus ulcer” combined with terms associated with “pressure sore” from 1985 through August 1994. Hand review of all issues of the journal Decubitus (now Advances in Wound Care) through June 1994 and the Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition from January 1987 through May-June 1994. Review of bibliography of pertinent articles. A small survey of experts. STUDY SELECTION: Articles where the title, Me SH terms, or abstract suggested an examination of the relationship between nutrition and pressure sores, and those suggested by the experts, were reviewed. DATA EXTRACTION: Study designs were disparate. Results were simply tabulated. RESULTS: In seven studies, low serum albumin was associated with development or presence of pressure sores; in five it was not. Most measures of nutritional status were not associated with pressure sore outcomes. Poor nutritional intake was associated with poor pressure sore outcome in four of seven studies. Tube feeding was positively associated with presence of pressure sores in one study. Special nutrition support was ineffective in improving pressure sore outcome in a second. Two studies showed better healing in patients receiving high-protein formula: in one, all patients were tube fed; in the other, route of feeding was not stated. CONCLUSION: Data about the relationship between malnutrition and pressure sores are incomplete and contradictory. No randomized trials of tube feeding as prevention or treatment of pressure sores has been done. Routine use of tube feeding to prevent or treat pressure sores is not clearly supported by data.
Endlessly Signifying What Is Absent

Endlessly Signifying What Is Absent This article is available in Studies in 20th Century Literature: http://newprairiepress.org/sttcl/vol12/iss1/6 ENDLESSLY SIGNIFYING WHAT IS ABSENT*
Influence of interrupted carcinogenic treatment on tumor formation.

SummaryThe influence of interrupted carcinogenic treatment on tumor formation was tested. Rest periods of from one to 3 months were interspersed between 2 periods during which the carcinogens were applied to mice at minimal carcinogenic levels. The investigation was divided into two parts on the basis of the carcinogens employed. In one, ultraviolet irradiation was used for both the first and second periods. In the other, methylcholanthrene was employed to initiate the process and croton oil, a non-carcinogenic substance, was used to evoke the neoplasms. The results with both technics were essentially the same.A lag in tumor appearance was observed during the rest periods, and the second period of treatment quickly brought forth tumors in the precarcinogenic areas. Essentially no difference in the rate of tumor formation or in the final tumor incidence was observed when the rest period was of one month duration. When the rest period was increased to 3 months, the final tumor incidence was reduced by 34% i...
Fusion of neural stem cells in culture

An important issue in stem cell biology relates to mechanisms of cellular plasticity. Specifically, could any observed multipotency of, e.g., adult stem cells arise from true transdifferentiation or as a result of cell-cell fusion? We studied this issue using a culture paradigm of astrocyte monolayers and multipotent neurospheres generated from neonatal cerebellar cortex and the subventricular zone (SVZ). Based on fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), cells from these cultures were found to contain an abnormal number of sex chromosomes, suggesting that cellular fusion is a common in vitro occurrence. A Cre/lox recombination method was also exploited to further confirm the evidence of fusion. Next, we assessed the potential of fusogenic microglial involvement by combining CD11b immunolabeling with FISH sex chromosome analysis. Differentiating neurospheres were also studied from the PU.1 knockout mouse that lacks cells of myeloid origin, presumed to be a source of central nervous system microglia. Very few cells immunopositive for the microglial marker CD11b were found to be aneuploid, and there was no difference in fusion frequency between PU.1+/+ and PU.1-/- neurospheres. These results, together, suggest that stem and/or progenitor cells that generate neurons and glia in culture possess the ability to generate fused polyploidal cells, but microglial participation is not a requirement for fusion to occur. In addition to caution that should be exerted during the interpretation of in vitro neural cell plasticity, the data also suggest that novel therapeutic treatments could be designed that exploit cellular fusion in rescue paradigms for degenerating neuronal populations.
A Multinomial Extension of the Linear Logit Model

A large number of analyses in the social sciences are concerned with the determinants of the probability that a particular event will occur. For example, one may be interested in the forces which motivate commuters to use their cars to go to work as against some form of mass transport. Time, cost, and other considerations will play a role. Let p be the probability that a car is used, and hence 1 — p the probability that mass transport is preferred; then one may want to apply a linear specification of the form $$p = a + b{{{T_1}} \over {{T_2}}} + c{{{C_1}} \over {{C_2}}} + {d_1}{Q_2} + {d_2}{Q_2} + {d_3}{Q_3},$$ where T 1 and T 2 are the times (minutes per day) needed for the two competing modes of transportation, C 1 and C 2 their costs (dollars per day), and Q l, Q 2, and Q 3 commuter characteristics which are considered to be relevant to the choice (income, family size, etc.).
Angular Momentum Coupling in the Nuclear p Shell

Certain experimental results involving the nuclei $A=6\ensuremath{-}10$ are compared with the predictions of the simple spin-orbit coupling model for $p$-shell nuclei in order to investigate the validity of this model and in particular to consider the significance of nucleon reduced widths as determined by deuteron reactions.
Morphological-histochemical comparison of dog and cat splenic ellipsoid sheaths.

Investigations were made on the morphological and histochemical nature of the ellipsoid sheaths of two different types of spleens, sinusal and non-sinusal, as found in the dog and cat respectively. Ellipsoid cells of dog and cat spleens respond similarly with Marshall's silver impregnation method as well as demonstrate activity for the hydrolytic enzyme, acid phosphatase. Both technics substantiate ellipsoid involvement in the reticuloendothelial system. Nonspecific esterase, another hydrolytic enzyme commonly found in phagocytic cells, was demonstrated in the cat ellipsoid cells but not in similar cells of the dog spleen indicating a basic difference in the physiological activity of the dog and cat ellipsoid cells.
Case Study on Haptic Devices: Human-Induced Instability in Powered Hand Controllers

This article describes the dynamic behavior of a hand controller when it is maneuvered by a human. A general control architecture is developed that guarantees various impedance's on the hand controller. We show that some compliancy either in the hand controller or in the human arm is necessary to achieve stability of the hand controller and the human arm taken as a whole. The actuators' backdrivability, the dynamics of the hand controller mechanisms, and the computer sampling time are discussed as they relate to system stability. A set of experiments that were performed on a prototype hand controller are presented to show the system performance.
Social anxiety, submissiveness, and shame in men and women: a moderated mediation analysis.

Objectives Research suggests a positive relationship between social anxiety and shame; however, few studies have examined this relationship or potential mechanisms. Common behaviours of persons with social anxiety disorder (SAD), such as submissive behaviours, may be more consistent with societal expectations of women than men and therefore more likely to be associated with shame in socially anxious men than women. We examined the hypothesis that submissive behaviours would mediate the relationship between social anxiety and shame in men, but not in women, with SAD. Design Moderated mediation was examined in a cross-sectional dataset. Gender was modeled to moderate the paths from social anxiety to submissive behaviours and from submissive behaviours to shame. We also examined an alternative model of the relationships among these variables and the potential contributory role of depression. Methods Men (n = 48) and women (n = 40) with SAD completed the Social Interaction Anxiety Scale, Submissive Behaviour Scale, Internalized Shame Scale, and Beck Depression Inventory. Results Analyses supported the hypothesized model. The relationship between submissive behaviours and shame was greater in men than women with SAD; the relationship between social anxiety and submissive behaviours was not. Controlling for depression, moderation remained evident although diminished. Results for the comparison model did not support gender moderation. Conclusions Submissive behaviours mediated the relationship between social anxiety and shame in men, but not women, with SAD. These findings provide preliminary evidence for a model of shame in SAD and may help to further elucidate specific features of SAD that differ between men and women. Practitioner points Although researchers have argued that the display of submissive behaviours might allow the socially anxious individual to limit or prevent attacks on the self, our results suggest that there are greater costs, with regard to feelings of shame, associated with such behaviours for men. In men with SAD, the greater shame associated with submissive behaviours can be understood when considering that socially anxious individuals appear to be particularly concerned with concealing aspects of the self believed to violate perceived societal norms and that traditional masculine gender roles revolve around the theme of dominance. Because the study was conducted in individuals with SAD, it is possible that the restricted range of social anxiety severity may have precluded the observation of gender differences in the relationship between social anxiety and submissive behaviour. Measures were administered in a cross-sectional design, which limits potential inferences of causality.
Marginal discrepancy changes at various stages of construction of three-unit porcelain-fused-to-metal fixed partial dentures.

Abstract Misfit at margins during fixed partial denture construction may occur at a variety of stages. The objective of this work was to monitor the vertical and horizontal changes at 3 locations on both abutments of a 3-unit fixed partial denture during various stages of fabrication. Distances were measured between fiduciary marks after casting, degassing, opaquing, body porcelain application, glazing, and soldering. There was no distinct pattern to the direction and magnitude of changes occurring during the presoldering steps. Measured changes ranged overall from −45 to +80 μm, but most absolute changes at any stage before soldering averaged less than 17 μm. The more significant changes occurred during the soldering step due to shrinkage of the solder. The largest changes during the soldering step occurred in the vertical direction.
CLINICAL AND ULTRASTRUCTURAL CORRELATES OF RECEPTORS FOR PEANUT AGGLUTININ |[lpar]|PNA|[rpar]| IN ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC LEUKEMIA |[lpar]|ALL|[rpar]|

Receptors for the lectin PNA have been identified on blast cells from a subpopulation of children with ALL and early data indicated an association between PNA receptors and poor prognosis. Analysis of 174 children with ALL of the non T, non B, non pre-B phenotype reveals that 27.6% have receptors for PNA. There is correlation between presence of PNA receptors and initial WBC > 100,000 (50% PNA+), age < 2 years (40% PNA+) and absence of the common ALL antigen (48% PNA+, cALLa-), all features known to predict poor prognosis in childhood ALL.
INFLUENCE OF SEPARATION ON SOUND GENERATED BY VORTEX-STEP INTERACTION

Abstract An analysis of the sound produced when a line vortex interacts at low Mach number with forward or backward facing steps is made. The radiation is dominated by an aeroacoustic dipole whose strength is equal to the unsteady drag on the step. The drag is determined by the vorticity distribution, and a correct estimate of the sound must therefore include contributions from vorticity in the separated flow induced by the vortex. The separation is modelled by assuming that the shed vorticity rolls up into a concentrated core, fed by a connecting sheet from the edge of the step of negligible circulation. The motion everywhere is irrotational except at the impinging vortex and the separation core, and the trajectory of the core is governed by an emended Brown & Michael equation. For large steps it is found that estimates of the generated sound that neglect separation are typically an order of magnitude too large. The sound levels predicted for small steps with and without separation are of comparable magnitudes, although the respectivephasesare different.Turbulentflow over a step frequently involves separation and large surface pressure fluctuations at reattachment zones. The results of this paper suggest that numerical schemes for determining the noise generated by turbulent flow over a step must take proper account of “forcing” of the separation region by the impinging turbulence and of vorticity production via the no-slip condition.
Interests and harms in primate research.

Sughrue and colleagues (2009) claim to offer a “balanced examination of the ethics of primate stroke research” (3). While there is some “balance” in their discussion in that they present some argum...
Changes in GABA-immunoreactivity during development of the rostral subdivision of the nucleus of the solitary tract.

Abstract GABA plays an important role in the processing of gustatory information in the rostral nucleus of the solitary tract. The following study used post-embedment immunohistochemistry in the rat brainstem to localize GABA at both the light and electron microscopic levels to characterize the developmental distribution of GABA and synaptogenesis of GABA-immunoreactive terminals in the rostral nucleus of the solitary tract. During the first postnatal week, GABA is present in the rostral nucleus of the solitary tract, but less of it is synaptic than any time later in development. Of the few synaptic terminals present at postnatal day 1, less than 20% are GABA-immunoreactive. This proportion more than doubles to reach adult levels by postnatal day 10. By weaning (postnatal day 20), GABA-immunoreactive cells are found in nearly the same density as in the adult. Development continues after weaning and is characterized by a disproportionate loss of non-GABA-containing cells. Finally, one previously identified subtype of GABA-immunoreactive terminal matures very late during the postweaning phase of development. The study provides the first analysis of the development of GABA-related circuitry in the rostral nucleus of the solitary tract using anatomical methods. These data provide the background with which to view the emerging physiology of developing taste neurons.
Urocortin, a corticotropin-releasing factor-related mammalian peptide, inhibits edema due to thermal injury in rats

Abstract Urocortin is a recently characterized mammalian peptide which appears to be an endogenous ligand for corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) receptors, in particular CRF receptor type 2. The effect of rat urocortin on protein extravasation and edema, produced by immersion of the paws of anesthetized rats in 58°C water for 5 min, was compared to that of rat/human CRF. Urocortin administered i.v. dose-dependently inhibited the leakage of Evans blue dye into the skin of the footpad and the increase in paw weight, with a potency 6.6–6.7 times greater than CRF. α-Helical CRF-(9–41), a more potent antagonist of type 2 than type 1 CRF receptors, completely reversed the inhibition of edema produced by either CRF or urocortin, at a dose (200 nmol/kg) that did not affect adrenocorticotropin secretion induced by either peptide. These data indicate that urocortin is a potent inhibitor of heat-induced edema, and that this action is mediated by CRF receptors, most likely CRF receptor type 2.
In-Situ TEM Crystallization of Silicate-Glass Films on Al2O3

Abstract Silicate-glass films were grown by pulsed-laser deposition on single-crystal, basal-plane Al 2 O 3 substrates which had been pre-thinned to electron transparency. Experiments were then performed at high temperature in the TEM, which allowed direct observation and video-recording of the crystallization process. The epitactic growth of pseudo-orthorhombic anorthite (CaAl 2 Si 2 O 8 ) and grossular (Ca 3 Al 2 Si 3 O 12 ) on the basal Al 2 O 3 surface was observed, emphasizing the role of the substrate as a “seed” for glass devitrification. The grossular crystals nucleated and grew at random on the substrate surface. In contrast, the anorthite crystals showed preferential nucleation at defect sites in the as-deposited glass film. Nucleation was followed by lateral growth along the substrate surface radiating away from the defect sites. Rotational variants for the silicate crystals were found in both cases, owing to the three-fold symmetry of the substrate. The simultaneous growth of these rotational variants on the substrate surface caused the formation of high-symmetry grain boundaries within the silicate film. In the anorthite film, these grain boundaries were often faceted parallel to low-index planes in one or both grains.
Differential performance on psychomotor tests by hospitalized acute and chronic mental patients

This paper examined the tenability of the hypothesis that poor psychomotor test performance is prognostically favorable for chronic patients but prognostically unfavorable for acute patients. The acute group was defined as having been hospitalized less than two months on their initial hospitalization at the time of testing. The chronic group had been hospitalized virtually continuously for at least two years prior to testing. From a pool of 1,400 records, a sample of 683 cases which met the criteria was obtained. These were classified as acute/chronic and released/not released, and the data subjected to the appropriate analysis of variance. The results indicated that the acute and chronic groups were significantly different in terms of test performance, as were the released/not released groups, but that there was no evidence of the reversal required by the hypothesis. It was concluded that the hypothesis was not supported by these data.
Beyond Presentism and Historicism: Understanding the History of Social Science

The revival of interest in the social scientific past has stimulated a growing literature on the methodology of the history of social science. Existing “presentist” type histories have been criticized for their “Whiggish” assumptions about scientific progress. The critique of presentism is the product of a new school of historians of social science who advocate a “historicist” historiography. My paper is addressed to this discussion and falls into three parts. First, I review the principles of presentist and historicist historiographies, relating their methodological positions to their theories of science. Second, I take up the argument of the “new historicism” in more detail, criticizing its theory of textual interpretation and its theory of social scientific development. I conclude by offering an alternative historiographic model of social scientific development based upon a theory of science that I outline.
Nosocomial acquisition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistant to both ciprofloxacin and imipenem: a risk factor and laboratory analysis

In vitro, ciprofloxacin can select for dual resistance to fluoroquinolones and imipenem in Pseudomonas aeruginosa via a mutation in the regulatory gene, mexT, which downregulates OprD and upregulates MexEF-OprN. We performed a nested case-control study of patients in two medical intensive care units participating in an observational cohort study. Patients colonized or infected with P. aeruginosa resistant to both ciprofloxacin and imipenem (cases) were compared to controls. The presence of OprD and OprN from cases was evaluated by Western blot. In total, 44 cases were compared to 132 controls. Imipenem exposure [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 11.4, p = 0.044] was significantly associated with case status, but fluoroquinolone use was not (AOR = 1.0, p = 0.998). Neither OprD nor OprN were detected in any isolate. Fluoroquinolone use was not a risk factor for acquisitions of dually resistant P. aeruginosa. The absence of OprN in these isolates suggests that dual resistance is not due to mexT mutations.
Electron correlation and heavy-fermion states in the Hubbard model

Abstract We examine the effects of the electron correlation and magnetic frustration on the heavy-fermion (HF) behavior in the Hubbard model using the exact diagonalization technique applied to small clusters with periodic boundary conditions. The magnetic frustration is found to be the key factor in the formation of HF states in strongly correlated Hubbard systems. The ground-state magnetization is found to decrease as the system approaches the HF state, in agreement with experimental observations. The suitability of the t-J model to describe large- U Hubbard systems is also investigated. Mesoscopic analogs of heavy-fermion behavior in cluster compounds are discussed.
MICROBIAL PERSISTENCE : II. CHARACTERISTICS OF THE STERILE STATE OF TUBERCLE BACILLI

The capability of tubercle bacilli to assume a long continued sterile state in the tissues when exposed to pyrazinamide and isoniazid is a highly specific drug-microbe phenomenon in which host participation is not critical. Although it is the pyrazinamide that possesses the sterilizing type of action, the role of the isoniazid is specific and essential. The isoniazid serves to convert a phenomenon that occurs irregularly with pyrazinamide alone into one that occurs with a high degree of uniformity. The observations suggest a competition between isoniazid and the pyrazinamide (or its parent nicotinamide) for a site or entrance in or on the tubercle bacilli and for sterilization, the isoniazid apparently must reach the site first. The rare failures to attain complete sterilization, appear to depend on the emergence of pyrazinamide-resistance which prevents the necessary dependent action of the two drugs. Populations already in the sterile state are nevertheless subject to a continued drug influence. Whether this represents a direct action on the sterile bacilli or an indirect effect produced by making the environment hostile to microbial revival, cannot be determined from the present observations.
Wellness Diet Class: Effective Patient Education, Effective RD Time

Abstract Traditionally the Registered Dietitian (RD) in a clinical setting has responded to consultation requests for nutrition education by offering bedside counseling. Changes in health care are forcing progressive organizations to challenge the status quo and pursue ways to offer quality educational programs while streamlining RD time. In our large midwestern acute care facility, and average of 8 to 10 consults are received daily for Wellness diet education in the Cardiac Rehabilitation Population (CRP). An evaluation of three teaching methods was conducted to determine the optimal means of providing high quality education to the CRP. The test groups were: patients attending a standardized group class taught by the RD(C), patients receiving individual diet counseling by the RD (I), and patients who were instructed via a Wellness diet video with no RD intervention(V). In addition, reliability was established in the study design by surveying a control group from the general inpatient population. The control group (R) received no Wellness education during the course of their hospitalization. All groups completed a 10 question, multiple-choice post-test that was used to assess their Wellness diet knowledge. After scoring post-tests, variance was analyzed using a one-way ANOVA (p≤ .05). The total number of patients surveyed was 158. Average scores are as follows: C=85 (n=42). I=83 (n=34), V=73.5 (n=40), R=70 (n=42). Based on the significant differences indicated by the ANOVA, Student's T tests were run to analyze group differences (p≤.05). C and I group scores were significantly higher than V and R group scores. The results of the post-test scores demonstrate that the group class is as effective as individualized education in communicating Wellness diet concepts to the CRP. Learning by video produces poor comprehension, and when compared to the control group is only slightly better than no intervention at all. Moreover, these patients outcomes suggest that the presence of the RD in either a group or individual session is critical to a successful transfer of working knowledge and skills required for long-term compliance. This study validates the use of the group instruction method as a high quality, cost effective use of RD time.
The Next Generation of Career Success: Implications for HRD

The problem and the solution. This exploratory qualitative study investigated young professionals' definitions of career success and the strategies they employ to achieve that success. There were three over-arching themes that emerged from the data. Two reflect how young professionals perceive career success.They see it as individualistic and as a multidimensional concept that is likely to change throughout their work lives.The third theme, attaining work—life balance, is integral to their definition of career success as well as to their strategies for attaining success. Implications for human resource development are provided.
A word-oriented transistor driven non-destructive readout memory

Using three-aperture ferrite memory cells, a 512-word non-destructive readout memory has been operated with transistor drivers. Writing and reading are both achieved with bipolar two-pulse sequences, which are, respectively, ERASE, WRITE and SET, READ. Due to the inherently non-destructive manner in which the cells are operated, no regeneration cycle is necessary to restore information to interrogated cells. The necessary bipolar writing and reading pulse sequences are conveniently provided by a novel magnetic switch matrix, in which all rows and columns are driven in coincidence except those intersecting at the desired address. The resultant driving current at the desired address is the sum of all the transistor driver currents, or 2(n-1) times the individual transistor driver currents for an "n" square matrix.
Use of conventional and newer radiographic contrast agents in cardiac angiography.

ADIOGRAPHIC CONTRAST MEDIA R are among the most important and widely used drugs. Without them, cardiac catheterization and angiography would have remained restricted investigative techniques. Prior to the widespread use of a new contrast agent in clinical practice, certain questions must be addressed, including the relative risks of the agent and the relative merits of available formulations. This review addresses these questions and focuses on the rationale underlying the selection of contrast media for use in cardioangiography, including guidelines for the selection of appropriate doses, volumes, and rates of delivery. The physical properties of certain commonly used angiographic contrast agents are compared and contrasted with those of new formulations to illustrate the widely variable compositions of these drugs and to demonstrate how these factors relate to potential toxicity and adverse reactions. In addition, considerations for the further development and use of contrast agents in cardiac angiography will be presented.
Static field conformal stereotactic radiosurgery: physical techniques.

Abstract Purpose: Lesions in the head that are irregularly shaped or large present challenges for radiosurgical treatment by conventional techniques. Single, large circular fields may treat normal tissue volumes. Multiple shot or multiple isocenter treatment plans provide better conformation to the target than a single field, but may be difficult to plan and/or treat. As an alternative to these conventions, we are developing static field, conformal stereotactic radiosurgery. In this technique a finite number of fixed, shaped, linear accelerator fields are used to irradiate the target. Methods and Materials: Computer simulations were performed for a four-path arc and fixed field techniques and evaluated with dose distributions and dose volume histograms. Beam geometries are defined with a 3-D treatment planning system with beam's eye view capabilities. Equipment for treatment delivery has been designed, including a head frame/support stand assembly and a method for manufacturing the required custom collimators. Results: Isodose distributions and dose volume histograms show that beam geometries with seven or more fields provide target dose distributions equivalent to the arc treatment, but with small increases in peripheral dose. Dose homogeneity across the target volume increases as the solid angle of irradiation is increased. For a hemispherical target, the four-path arc and shaped, static fields provide equal target coverage while the shaped fields treat a smaller high-dose volume. Conclusion: Shaped, static fields are an alternative to single isocenter arc radiosurgery and result in smaller volumes at high dose. This smaller volume could translate into sparing for normal adjacent tissues that would otherwise be treated.
Boron as Paleosalinity Indicator Not Affected by Carbon in Clay Fractions: ABSTRACT

A recently reported inverse correlation between boron and organic carbon in rocks suggests that development of illite-organic complexes during deposition may inhibit boron absorption. The validity of boron as a paleosalinity indicator consequently has been questioned. Analogous studies of illitic clay fractions from the late Visean Lower Yoredale Formation of England revealed no significant correlation between organic carbon and boron. Thus, the validity of boron as a salinity indicator is not affected by organic matter associated with clay fractions. If the reported correlation between boron and organic carbon in rocks is valid, environments which favor organic accumulation could suppress illite authigenesis or inhibit boron absorption. The already-known association betw en boron and salinity suggests that the first interpretation is more probable. Equivalent boron, previously regarded as the best index of paleosalinity, depends on the boron-K2O ratio and K2O concentration in pure illite. However, in previous investigations the K2O concentration in clay fractions was assumed to be the concentration in pure illite. Such a procedure leads to increasing error with increasing organic contamination of clay fractions. Therefore, revised equivalent boron values were calculated for the Lower Yoredale Formation by estimating the organic fraction from carbon analyses and recalculating K2O concentrations in terms of pure illite. These revised values correlate more closely with other geological information and improve discrimination between salinity environments. Organic carbon associated with illite also may be a useful environmental indicator because it correlates closely with facies and distance from shore. It follows that studies of boron, carbon, and potassium in illitic clay fractions could aid environmental discrimination in exploration for offshore stratigraphic traps. End_of_Article - Last_Page 652------------
Tales of Matewan: The construction of a usable past

This essay examines the movie Matewan (1987), directed by John Sayles, both as a fictional representation which interprets an actual historical event in interesting ways, and, since its release, as a powerful influence on the actual town of Matewan, West Virginia. It is argued that Sayles draws upon a deep reservoir of national cultural meanings in his depiction of this event, even though it is these cultural meanings which he initially sets out to challenge. Particular attention is paid in this regard to the depiction of real and fictional characters, and the narrative construction of the movie. Since its release, Matewan has spurred an intense effort to attract tourism by local leaders in the town of Matewan. How the movie has shaped this effort and the consequences for the townspeople of Matewan is addressed. It is concluded that the movie and the tourist efforts in the town share a similar logic in that both begin with the hope of cultural retrieval and end by participating in a powerful process of cu...
A simple self-contained delivery-absorption cell system for microphotometric titrations

A delivery-absorption cell system is described for photometric titrations using the Bausch & Lomb Spectronic 20. The cell system is simply constructed from readily available components and requires no modification of the spectrometer. The titration of zinc and thorium in the 0.25-μmol region gives accurate and precise results, requiring a total sample volume of only 5 ml. The system is entirely self-contained and the contents can be stirred by using a vortex mixer or by simply inverting the assembly.
Knowledge About HIV and Views About HIV Testing Among Students at an Inner London University

Undergraduate students at an inner London university were surveyed at the beginning of 1992 about their basic knowledge regarding HIV/AIDS, HIV transmission and views about the HIV antibody test. Although they demonstrated good knowl edge about HIV/AIDS and routes of transmission, a proportion had had unprotected intercourse, but were deterred from seeking an HIV test for a number of reasons. Implications for promoting safer sex and increasing awareness about HIV testing sites on university campuses are discussed.
Endothelin Receptors as Therapeutic Targets in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer

Abstract Context New, effective therapies for castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) are needed to treat this lethal form of the disease. Through an understanding of the biology of endothelin-1 (ET-1) and the endothelin receptors (the endothelin axis) in prostate cancer (PCa), this axis has emerged as a promising target for therapeutic intervention. Objectives This review discusses the biology of the endothelin axis, several of the preclinical observations supporting the therapeutic rationale, and some of the available clinical trial data on this promising new approach. Evidence acquisition A nonsystematic review of the literature, including PubMed and congress abstracts, was performed in 2008. Evidence synthesis Based on the clinical trial results, the limitations and promise of the endothelin axis as a therapeutic target is discussed. Conclusions Clinical trials of potent, selective, or specific endothelin A (ET A ) receptor subtype antagonists have demonstrated clinical activity. Such agents have not yet been approved for the treatment of PCa, but the ongoing phase 3 trials will further define their efficacy for treating CRPC.
Developing High-Performance Concrete Mix for New York State Bridge Decks

The development and implementation of a more durable concrete mixture for bridge decks are described. The work began with review and evaluation of published results of research conducted by others and resulted in a new concrete mixture that has been designated Class HP for high performance. It has better handling and workability characteristics, improved resistance to chloride intrusion, and greater resistance to cracking, and it displays little or no surface scaling. Increased strength was not a primary concern in producing a high-performance concrete for bridge decks, but greater ultimate strength was nevertheless achieved. Class HP concrete is a modification of New York State's standard Class H concrete, incorporating two pozzolan substitutions for cement—20 percent Class F fly ash and 6 percent microsilica. On the basis of satisfactory laboratory testing, field trial, and field production it is being recommended for use statewide. Initial increases in cost are expected to be minimized as concrete prod...
Use of Simulated Job Dynamic Strength (SJDS) in Screening Workers for Manual Lifting Tasks

Human physical strengths are frequently measured by ergononists in order to properly match workers and jobs. Measurement of physical strengths by physical therapists, to determine the extent of recovery after injury, is also very common. The strengths measured in such cases, until very recently, have been static (isometric). Most jobs, however, are dynamic and, therefore, the measurement of inertial (dynamic) component is essential to correctly estimate physical strength exertion capabilities of individuals. The work described in this paper supports this argument.
Rotation history of Alaskan tectonic blocks

Abstract Alaska is considered to be tectonically comprised of five elongate blocks separated by transcurrent faults formed prior to rotation which enter the state from the southeast and continue westward to the edge of the Bering Sea continental shelf. We propose an additional, inactive fault, indicated by gravity and magnetic data and other observations, to extend between the Bering Strait and the Arctic Ocean continental shelf east of the Northwind escarpment, separating northern Alaska from northeast Siberia. Near the center of the state the faults are bent, concave to the south, about the north-south axis of the so-called Alaska orocline. In our reconstruction the blocks have rotated from a position whereby the north slope was adjacent to Banks Island of the Canadian basin. During the rotation the northernmost, or Brooks block, was squeezed, up to 15% in the western end, to its present width. After rotation, when the three southern blocks were in their present position, the Brooks block and the next block to the south were pushed eastward by North America moving against Siberia, forming the bend in the British-Richardson-Ogilvie Mountains we call the Ogilvie orocline.
Effects of dihydropyridines on calcium release from the isolated membrane complex consisting of the transvere tubule and sarcoplasmic reticulum

Summary We have investigated a) the effects of the dihydropyridines (DHPs) nifedipine and nimodipine on depolarization-induced (T-tubule-mediated) Ca 2+ release in the vesicles consisting of the complex of the T-tubule and SR, and b) the binding of [ 3 H]nimodipine to these vesicles. These DHPs inhibited the slow but not the fast phase of depolarization-induced release, both of which are mediated via the T-tubule. The DHPs have no effect on caffeine-induced release in which T-tubules are not involved. There are two classes of DHP binding sites: one, with high affinity and small capacity, and another, exhibiting low affinity and a much larger capacity. The inhibition paralleled the low affinity binding of DHP with no correlation with the high affinity binding. These results suggest that the low affinity DHP binding sites located probably in the DHP receptor, rather than the high affinity DHP binding site, are responsible for the inhibition of e-c coupling.
Morphology-dependent photonic circuit elements

We theoretically propose and experimentally demonstrate the design of a novel one-dimensional ringlike macroscopic optical circuit element. The similarity between morphologies of an optical planar waveguide and a whispering-gallery axially symmetric solid-state resonator is used.