cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Brief walks in outdoor and laboratory environments: effects on affective responses, enjoyment, and intentions to walk for exercise.

The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of brief walks completed in outdoor and laboratory environments on affective responses, enjoyment, and intention to walk for exercise. Thirty-five active young women (M age = 22.14 years, SD = 1.73) walked for 10 min at a self-selected intensity in outdoor and laboratory environments. Affective responses were assessed before, during, and following each brief walk. Enjoyment and intention also were assessed following each walk. Results revealed that although both walks resulted in improvements in affective responses, participants reported greater pleasant affective states, enjoyment, and intention for future participation with outdoor walking. Results of correlation analyses also revealed that affective responses were only consistently related to enjoyment in the outdoor environment. These findings suggest that the environment influences the affective responses to brief walks and show that affective states experienced during walking are related to theoret...
Chaotic motion and internal resonance of forced surface waves in a water-filled circular basin

Abstract The objectives of this paper are to investigate the chaotic motions and internal resonance of nonlinear surface waves generated by a harmonic vibration applied to the side wall of a water-filled circular basin. The harmonic forcing consists of a component with a frequency near twice a fundamental resonance frequency of the basin and a smaller component with a frequency near the fundamental frequency. The amplitude equation for the excited eigenmode corresponding to the fundamental frequency is derived and the existence of chaotic motion of this equation is studied by Melnikov method. At certain critical radii of the basin, twice the fundamental frequency is also a resonance frequency and the so-called internal resonance takes place. Eigenmode corresponding to this resonance frequency can also be excited.
Meta-analyses of Big Six Interests and Big Five Personality Factors

Abstract This article presents a series of meta-analyses examining the 24 samples to date that have revealed the overlap of the three most widely used measures of Holland's Big Six domains of vocational interest, namely the Self-Directed Search (Holland, 1985a), the Strong Interest Inventory (Hansen & Campbell, 1985; Harmon, Hansen, Borgen, & Hammer, 1994), and the Vocational Preference Inventory (Holland, 1985b), with the most widely accepted measure of the Big Five personality factors, namely the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (Costa & McCrae, 1992). The meta-analyses showed the mean effect sizes for each of the 30 correlations between the six interest dimensions and the five personality dimensions. Of the 30 correlations, 5 appeared to be substantial for both women and men and across the interest measures. They are Artistic–Openness (r=.48), Enterprising–Extraversion (r=.41), Social–Extraversion (r=.31), Investigative–Openness (r=.28), and Social–Agreeableness (r=.19).
Oxidation of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine by oxyl radicals produced by photolysis of azo compounds.

Oxidative damage to 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine (8-oxoG) bases initiated by photolysis of the water-soluble radical generator 2,2′-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH) has been investigated by laser kinetic spectroscopy. In neutral oxygenated aqueous solutions, 355 nm photolysis of AAPH initiates efficient one-electron oxidation of the 8-oxodG nucleosides directly monitored by the appearance of the 8-oxodG•+/8-oxodG(−H)• radicals at 325 nm. The reaction kinetics consist of a mechanism that includes the transformation of the 2-amidinoprop-2-peroxyl radicals (ROO•) derived from photolysis of AAPH to more reactive 2-amidinoprop-2-oxyl radicals (RO•), which directly react with the 8-oxoG bases. The major pathways for the formation of end products of 8-oxoG oxidation include the combination of the 8-oxodG•+/8-oxodG(−H)• radicals with superoxide (O2•−) and ROO• radicals in approximately 1:1 ratios, as demonstrated by experiments with Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase, to form dehydroguanidinohydantoin (Ghox) d...
Diffuse and coherent backscattering by discrete random media—I. Radar reflectivity, polarization ratios, and enhancement factors for a half-space of polydisperse, nonabsorbing and absorbing spherical particles

Abstract It has been demonstrated recently that diffuse, incoherent multiple scattering of electromagnetic waves by media composed of randomly positioned, discrete scattering particles is always accompanied by coherent backscattering and may explain intriguing opposition phenomena observed for some solar system bodies, in particular peculiar characteristics of radar returns from icy satellite surfaces. In this paper, we study theoretically photometric and polarization characteristics of diffuse and coherent backscattering by discrete random media. The cyclical component of the Stokes reflection matrix at exactly the backscattering direction is expressed in terms of the ladder component, and the ladder component is accurately computed by numerically solving the vector radiative transfer equation. We give formulas expressing the radar reflectivity, radar linear and circular polarization ratios, and backscattering enhancement factors in the elements of the Stokes reflection matrix and describe in detail the computational technique used. Assuming that the scattering medium is homogeneous and semi-infinite and that scattering particles are polydisperse spheres, we report the results of a comprehensive theoretical survey of the dependence of the photometric and polarization characteristics of the radar return on the illumination zenith angle and on the particle effective size parameter and real and imaginary parts of the refractive index.
Candida shehatae--genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships with other xylose-fermenting yeasts

The xylose-fermenting yeasts Candida shehatae and Pichia stipitis were compared from extent of nuclear DNA complementarity and ribosomal RNA sequence similarity. Low levels of DNA relatedness confirmed that the two taxa are distinct biological species, but the similarity of rRNA sequences suggests that they only recently diverged. C. shehatae is comprised of three genetically divergent (ca. 50% DNA relatedness) subgroups that were accorded varietal status: C. shehatae var. shehatae, var. lignosa and var. insectosa. Estimates of phylogenetic distance from rRNA sequence similarity show C. shehatae and P. stipitis to be more closely related to Pachysolen tannophilus than to Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and that all of these budding yeasts are well separated from Schizosaccharomyces pombe.
PTEN: a tumour suppressor that functions as a phospholipid phosphatase

The tumour suppressor PTEN has been implicated in a large number of human tumours and is conserved from humans to worms. Characterization of PTEN protein showed that it is a phosphatase that acts on proteins and on 3-phosphorylated phosphoinositides, including phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate, and can therefore modulate signal-transduction pathways that involve lipid second messengers. Recent results indicate that at least part of its role is to regulate the activity of the serine/threonine kinase AKT/PKB, and thus influence cell survival signalling. This article discusses the function of PTEN and how this could be linked to its activity as a tumour suppressor.
Perirhinal Cortex Lesions Impair Simultaneous but Not Serial Feature-Positive Discrimination Learning

The role of the perirhinal cortex in discriminative eyeblink conditioning was examined by means of feature-positive discrimination procedures with simultaneous (A-/XA+) and serial (A-/X-->A+) stimulus compounds. Lesions of the perirhinal cortex severely impaired acquisition of simultaneous feature-positive discrimination but produced no impairment in serial feature-positive discrimination. The results suggest that the perirhinal cortex plays a role in discriminative eyeblink conditioning by resolving ambiguity in discriminations with overlapping stimulus elements.
Design and scale-up of a spouted-bed combustor

This paper discusses the effect of the second (heterogeneous) phase on the extent of heat recycle, lowering of the lean flammability limit, stability and performance of a spouted-bed combustor. Experiments suggest that the extent of heat recycle, and therefore the lowering in the lean flammability limit, is controlled by both particle circulation rate and particle physical properties. This concept of heat recycle can be utilized in the burning of low heating value chemical and toxic wastes. The stability of a spouted-bed combustor depends upon the geometric design ratios di/Dc,di/dp, and hd/H, based on studies with columns of two different sizes burning propane. The introduction of a draft tube improves the flexibility of the combustor in terms of residence time control and bed stability. A well-designed draft tube spouted bed combustor can yield a destruction and removal efficiency, i.e. conversion, of ⩾99.99.
Prevalence and Risk Factors for Anal Human Papillomavirus Infection in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)—Positive and High-Risk HIV-Negative Women

Little is known about the epidemiology of anal human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in women. We studied 251 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive and 68 HIV-negative women for the presence of anal HPV by use of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and hybrid capture. Medical and behavioral risk factors were evaluated; 76% of HIV-positive and 42% of HIV-negative women were found to have anal HPV DNA via analysis by PCR (relative risk [RR], 1.8; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.3-2.5). Among 200 women for whom there were concurrent anal and cervical HPV data, anal HPV was more common than cervical HPV in both HIV-positive (79% vs. 53%) and HIV-negative women (43% vs. 24%). By multivariate analysis of HIV-positive women, CD4(+) cell counts 500 cells/mm(3) (RR, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.1-1.5), and cervical HPV infection (RR, 1.3; 95% CI, 1.1-1.4) were associated with anal HPV infection. Women >45 years old had reduced risk, compared with women <36 years old (RR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.50-0.99), as did African American women (RR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.72-1.0), compared with white women. Anal HPV infection is underrecognized in HIV-positive and high-risk HIV-negative women.
“Speaking Up” for Patient Safety in the Pediatric Emergency Department ☆

Communication breakdowns in high-risk areas such as emergency medicine and pediatrics impede care and threaten patient safety. A pervasive problem is the failure of clinicians to speak up with ideas, questions, or concerns. Honest lapses in communication occur with the distractions and interruptions of the emergency department despite the best intentions; in contrast, failures to speak up represent conscious choices to remain silent over giving voice to concerns. The complex socialization process in health care, authority gradients, and past experiences with disruptive and rude behavior influence clinicians from all professions when they weigh the risks and benefits of speaking up. Culture change at the organizational level and within clinical units will enhance the psychological safety that enables speaking up and promotes listening. Direct supervisors who engage in specific leadership behaviors foster a supportive workplace climate. Targeted communication strategies can help clinicians find their voice in the service of patient safety.
The user interface for interactive search

In January 1971, the AFIPS Information Systems Committee sponsored a workshop on "The User Interface for Interactive Search of Bibliographic Data Bases." This narrower topic was chosen intentionally to give the Workshop a focus suitable for intensive discussion within a small group. Now that the Proceedings are available it is appropriate to highlight those user interface characteristics shared by a less restricted range of applications. The keynote for the panel will be "what goes on in front of the terminal"---what facilities the user requires, what services the computer can provide, and how the user responds to data display. Understanding the exchange of data between the user and the computer at the interface during search will enable designers to implement systems truly responsive to search needs.
Plasma enhanced magnetron sputter deposition of Ti–Si–C–N based nanocomposite coatings

Abstract This paper reviews a Plasma Enhanced Magnetron Sputtering (PEMS) technology and a series of studies of Ti– Si–C–N nanocomposite coatings deposited using this technique. The PEMS technology is discussed briefly and compared with conventional magnetron sputter deposition. In PEMS, an electron source is used to generate plasma in addition to the magnetron plasma for both ion cleaning of the surfaces before deposition and enhanced ion bombardment during the deposition. The coatings thus obtained are very dense with nearly no columnar structure. Using this technology, many Ti–Si–C–N coatings have been prepared. These coatings are found to be nanocomposite coatings composed of nanocrystalline TiCN with grain sizes of 4.7– 100 nm in a matrix of amorphous SiC x N y . Their hardness ranges from 25 to 43 GPa and has a Si concentration up to about 3.5 at.%. They exhibit erosion resistance over 100 times better than the uncoated Ti–6Al–4V substrate. It has been observed that the toughness of the coating, or the resistance to crack formation and propagation, evaluated using H 3 / E ⁎ 2 , correlates well with the coating erosion resistance. The relationship among the processing parameters and the coating microstructure, nanohardness, adhesion, and erosion resistance are discussed. In addition, single and multilayered coatings have also been compared. These coatings are intended to be used against severe sand erosion for gas turbine compressor blades and vanes.
Colorimetric determination of arginine residues in proteins by p-nitrophenylglyoxal.

A new method is presented for the colorimetric determination of arginine residues in proteins. Under mildly alkaline conditions, p-nitrophenylglyoxal reacted with arginine to produce a stable colored solution in the presence of 0.15 m sodium ascorbate. Complete color development was obtained after 30 min at pH 9.0 and 30°C. The color produced at 475 nm obeyed Beer's law in the range 0.03–0.33 mm arginine. This color reaction was used to determine the number of arginine residues in several proteins of known arginine content. Best results were obtained when the protein samples were digested with a mixture of trypsin and subtilisin prior to assaying. The arginine contents obtained by this method agreed well with either the published values or with the results of amino acid analysis.
The Cinema of Abbas Kiarostami

Alberto Elena's The Cinema of Abbas Kiarostami, presents a comprehensive overview of the career of this famous Iranian filmmaker and director. In this work, Elena, a film scholar working in Spain, ...
Dissociation of corollary discharge from gaze direction does not induce a straight-ahead shift.

Pressure on the outer can thus of the eye can change the oculomotor innervation, and thus the corollary discharge, while a subject maintains monocular fixation on a visual target. We tested the possibility that sensory and motor effects of pressing an eye were due to a shift in the subjective straight-ahead direction. Subjects set an auditory source to straight ahead with and without a structured visual field and with and without eyepress. We also measured matching of auditory and visual targets under the same four conditions. Eyepress biased audio-visual matching with and without a structured field, but did not induce a straight-ahead shift. The deviation of the occluded eye was correlated with the amount of perceptual shift in audio-visual matching (r= .83). We conclude that perceptual offsets during eyepress are caused by a bias in extraretinal signals, and not by a cognitive straight-ahead shift.
Dose calculation validation of VMC++ for photon beams

The radiation therapy specific Voxel Monte Carlo (VMC++) dose calculation algorithm achieves a dramatic improvement in MC dose calculation efficiency for radiation therapy treatment planning dose evaluation compared with other MC algorithms. This work aims to validate VMC++ for radiation therapy photon beam planning. VMC++ was validated with respect to the well-benchmarked EGS-based DOSXYZnrc by comparing depth dose and lateral profiles for field sizes ranging from 1x1 to 40x40 cm{sup 2} for 6 and 18 MV beams in a homogeneous water phantom and in a simulated bone-lung-bone phantom. Patient treatment plan dose distributions were compared for five prostate plans and five head-and-neck (H/N) plans, all using intensity-modulated radiotherapy beams. For all tests, the same incident particles were used in both codes to isolate differences due to modeling of the radiation source. Voxel-by-voxel observed differences were analyzed to distinguish between systematic and purely statistical differences. Dose-volume-histogram-derived dose indices were compared for the patient plans. For the homogeneous water phantom and the bone-lung-bone phantom, the depth dose curve predicted by VMC++ agreed with that predicted by DOSXYZnrc within expected statistical uncertainty in all voxels except the surface voxel of the water phantom, where VMC++ predicted a lower dose. When the electron cutoffmore » parameter was decreased for both codes, the surface voxel agreed within expected statistical uncertainty. For prostate plans, the most severe difference between the codes resulted in 55% of the voxels showing a systematic difference of 0.32% of maximum dose. For H/N plans, the largest difference observed resulted in 2% of the voxels showing a systematic difference of 0.98% of maximum dose. For the prostate plans, the most severe difference in the planning target volume D{sub 95} was 0.4%, the rectum D{sub 35} was 0.2%, the rectum D{sub 17} was 0.2%, the bladder D{sub 50} was 0.3% and the bladder D{sub 25} was 0.3%. For the H/N plans, the most severe difference in the gross tumor volume D{sub 98} was 0.4%, the clinical target volume D{sub 90} was 0.2%, the nodes D{sub 90} was 0.2%, the parotids D{sub 95} was 0.8%, and the cord D{sub 2} was 0.8%. All of these differences are clinically insignificant. VMC++ showed an average efficiency gain over DOSXYZnrc of at least an order of magnitude without introducing significant systematic bias. VMC++ can be used for photon beam MC patient dose computations without a clinically significant loss in accuracy.« less
Expression of lipoprotein lipase during differentiation of cultured L6 muscle cells

The presence of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) in L6 muscle cells is equivocal. Analysis of a 21-day time course indicates that these cells express both LPL activity and mRNA. Lipase activity peaked at 4 days after plating and decreased to a nadir at day 21 after plating. Characterization of lipase activity at 4 and 19 days after plating, corresponding to myoblasts and myotubes, respectively, indicated that most of the enzyme activity had the properties of LPL, including an alkaline pH optimum, a serum requirement, and inhibition by NaCl. LPL mRNA expression peaked at 7 days after plating and fell slightly (24%) at day 21. The primary LPL mRNA species in these cells is 3.7 kb in length. Lipase activity and LPL mRNA were highly correlated during the time course (r = +0.82), suggesting transcriptional regulation of the enzyme. These data clearly demonstrate that L6 cells express LPL during differentiation.Key words: myoblasts, myotubes, mRNA, total protein, total RNA.
Micro routines for demonstrating G/T, JIT, KANBAN and MRP

Abstract Of the steps necessary for successful implementation of G/T, JIT and MRP, Classification and Coding of the parts should be first. In addition to reducing design and tooling proliferation, a G/T field in the item master record is of great assistance in the operation of an MRP, JIT or conventional production control systems. With the aid of a balanced runout model and graphics, the behavior of inventory in a mixed model, JIT production system can be portrayed. Production rates, initial inventory and changeover policies are varied and the inventory levels, fluctuations, and stockouts displayed. The computation of the number of KANBANs to be cycled in a JIT system is relatively simple but often customized. A computer routine for a manufacturing firm using JIT is explained. The logic of MRP can be demonstrated with a simple, interactive routine and some illustrative exercises in a scenario or ‘what if’ format. Integrating these concepts within a production environment is a challenge for manufacturing engineers and managers.
Ischemic polarcardiographic changes induced by exercise: A new criterion.

The polarcardiographic responses to exercise in normal men, young and middle-aged, have been compared with those of men who show ischemic responses on the electrocardiogram. Changes in the ST-vectors are the most significant. These changes have been reduced to a single numerical quantity based on the spatial magnitude of the vector at the end of the QRS complex and the spatial direction of a vector occurring at a clearly specified time during the period of the ST-segment. The assets of polarcardiography are that it enables study of direction and magnitude of ST-vectors in a time sequence. Thus it provides information of clinical importance which cannot be obtained by either electro- or vectorcardiography.
Borehole flowmeter applications in irregular and large-diameter boreholes

High-resolution flowmeter measurements such as those obtained with heat-pulse and electromagnetic flowmeters are often analyzed to produce in situ permeability profiles of heterogeneous aquifers. However, the borehole environment exerts a strong influence on the accuracy of flow log data and its interpretation. As many as five different types of corrections need to be applied to many flow-log data sets: (1) Adjustments to differentiate between very low-flow and no-flow environments; (2) normalization to account for changes in the magnitude of the flow regime attributed to changes in pumping rate or relaxation of drawdown when measurements are made during water-level recovery; (3) multiplication by a constant factor to account for leakage around the flowmeter measurement section related to ineffective sealing of the annulus by packers or flexible-disk diverters; (4) correction of continuous flow logs collected while trolling by adjusting the zero-point and scale of the log to match a few stationary flow data points; and (5) suppression of the effects of diameter variations on trolled flow logs by collecting data with an under-fit diverter and developing calibration curves representing bypass factor as a function of local borehole diameter. Specific examples of these corrections applied to heat-pulse and electromagnetic flowmeter data sets are given for logs obtained in open boreholes in igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary bedrock, and in screened boreholes in unconsolidated sediments. Scatter in flow measurements related to the efficiency of diverter operation in the field act to effectively limit the permeability detection capability of both heat-pulse and electromagnetic flowmeters to about two orders of magnitude regardless of the dynamic range and accuracy of either flowmeter as demonstrated in smooth-walled calibration tubes.
Land use and cover in ecological economics

A basic premise of ecological economics is that the world economy is embedded in and dependent upon Earth's ecosystem. Because land is a basic source of mass and energy throughput in all terrestrial ecosystems, land use and cover represents an integrating element in ecological economics. We have developed a global model that captures this concept. We illustrate this concept's usefulness by showing how global changes in climate, human populations, and international trade policies might affect tropical forests. Results from our scenarios indicate that such changes would likely have adverse effects on the health and integrity of tropical forest ecosystems. Results from our scenarios also indicate that forest depletion in Southeast Asia can be correlated with numerous economic indicators. Whether the correlation with a particular economic variable is positive or negative depends on the global change scenario. This merely reflects the fact that interactions between economic and ecological phenomena are complex. Modeling capabilities can be expanded by adding economic and ecological detail, including more material on throughput, and developing methods for simulating dynamic analyses.
Increased resistance to Listeria monocytogenes following subchronic cyclophosphamide exposure: Relationship to altered bone marrow function

Abstract Mice administered multiple doses of cyclophosphamide demonstrated a marked resistance to infection with the bacterium, Listeria monocytogenes . In contrast, acute exposure rendered mice more susceptible to infection than untreated controls. Resistance to infection with Listeria , a facultative intracellular organism, is thought to be dependent upon normal antimicrobial activity early after infection and subsequently through generation of primed T cells. Examination of various macrophage and immune functions, however, failed to demonstrate a significant difference between the two cyclophosphamide-treated groups although both groups were immunosuppressed when compared to untreated controls. Adoptive transfer studies into X-irradiated recipients revealed that repopulation with bone marrow cells from subchronic but not acute cyclophosphamide-treated mice, restored resistance. Furthermore, the numbers of granulocyte/macrophage progenitor cells in the bone marrow were elevated in subchronically treated mice but not acute or unexposed controls. These data suggest the selection of a granulocyte/macrophage progenitor cell possessing a high degree of antilisterial activity following subchronic cyclophosphamide treatment. The effects induced by this exposure regimen are probably related to the enrichment of this cell population resulting from the cell cycle stage specific activity of the drug.
Cultivation of the erythrocytic stages of Plasmodium berghei in Leydig cell tumor cultures.

Twelve different established cell-lines were used in attempts to cultivate the erythrocytic stages ofPlasmodium berghei, P. vinckei vinckei, P. coatneyi orP. knowlesi. Intracellular parasites were seen in only mouse Leydig cell testicular tumor (LCT) cultures inoculated with red cells infected withP. berghei. Intracellular parasites were present at 15 to 96 h after inoculation, being most numerous at 36 h. Most intracellular stages were rings, trophozoites, schizonts and merozoites; gametocytes were few in number and present only at 36 and 48 h. Intracellular parasites were normal in general morphology and staining characteristics at 15 to 48 h, but were abnormal after 72 h. Infected host cells exhibited progressive nuclear and cytoplasmic degenerative changes, which ultimately resulted in death of the cell. Uninfected cells appeared normal. The ability of parasites in LCT cultures to produce infections upon injection into mice was similar to that obtained with control cultures without LCT cells.
Effects of Self-Regulated Strategy Development for POW+TREE on High School Students with Learning Disabilities

High school students with learning disabilities often have difficulty expressing their thoughts in writing. At the secondary level, writing becomes paramount to successfully navigating the curriculum and expressing knowledge. In this study, the effectiveness of Self-Regulated Strategy Development for POW (Pick my idea, Organize my notes, Write and say more) + TREE (Topic sentence, Reasons—three or more, Examine, Ending) for persuasive quick writes with four high school students with learning disabilities was investigated. Results indicated an increase in the number of response parts written and increased stability in the number of words written. The participants who deemed the intervention as positive provided social validity.
Sensitivity of linearized seismic inversion to attenuation (Q)

The objective of seismic inversion is to estimate Earth parameters, such as velocity and density, from seismic data. The inversion scheme (algorithm) depends on a physical model of wave-propagation/reflection, which often is linearized. Such a linearized inversion scheme is highly dependent on a fixed reference model, i.e. propagation velocity of and amount of attenuation in the medium. Hence, it is necessary to investigate the reliability of linearized inversion results when the reference model is incorrect. To investigate sensitivity of seismic linearized inversion to attenuation (Q), we set up a very simple example of linearized reflection from a plane in an attenuating medium. The simplicity of the model allows the study of singular (eigen) values, eigenvectors of the physical model, and error sensitivity of the inversion results with easily understandable results. The model should yield at least qualitative results, even though it naturally is a substantial simplification of a realistic seismic inverse problem. The analysis shows that exact amplitudes of parameter estimates are highly dependent on an accurate reference attenuation (Q), whereas ratios between different parameters (AVO results) can be estimated with roughly 20 percent error in attenuation (Q).
Opioids and Cardioprotection: The Impact of Morphine and Fentanyl on Recovery of Ventricular Function After Cardiopulmonary Bypass

Objectives: Experimental studies have shown that opioids protect the myocardium from ischemic injury and that opioid cardioprotection is enhanced by the coadministration of volatile anesthetics. Previous data suggest that morphine produces a more potent cardioprotective effect than fentanyl. The present study investigated the effect of the choice of intraoperative opioid (morphine or fentanyl) on recovery of myocardial function after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. Design: Prospective, randomized study. Setting: University hospital. Participants: Forty-six patients undergoing CABG surgery. Interventions: Patients were randomly assigned to receive either morphine (40 mg) or fentanyl (1,000 μg) before cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Global cardiac function was assessed intraoperatively using the myocardial performance index (MPI), which combines echocardiographic parameters of both systolic and diastolic function. Measurements and Main Results: The MPI (median [range]) was increased after CPB in the fentanyl group, indicating a significant worsening of global left ventricular function (0.43 [0.28-0.54] baseline; 0.49 [0.32-0.64] 15 minutes post-CPB; 0.51 [0.36-0.63] end of operation; p Conclusions: In patients undergoing CPB, global ventricular function is enhanced by the administration of morphine prior to the ischemic insult of cardioplegic arrest.
Ornithyl amphotericin methyl ester treatment of experimental candidiasis in rats.

Abstract After intravenous Candida albicans infection, rats received orinthyl amphotericin methyl ester, amphotericin B, or diluent intravenously. At doses of 0.1 and 0.5 mg/kg, the drugs were equally effective in preventing deaths. However, at doses of 2.0 mg/kg, mortality after treatment with amphotericin B was greater than that after placebo, whereas orinthyl amphotericin methyl ester was fully protective.
A study of the chemical kinetics of shock heated H2/CO/O2 mixtures

The density field behind a normal shock wave in H2−O2, H2−N2−O2, and H2−CO−O2 mixtures highly diluted with argon has been measured by optical interferometry. The per cent ratio of H2/O2 has been varied from 8/1 to 1.5/48.5 with 0%–16% N2 or an equivalent amount of CO present. By shocking mixtures which cover a wide range of fuel-oxidant ratios it has been possible to examine a rather complete reaction scheme for H2−O2 mixtures over the temperature range 1400° to 3000°K. Density profiles based on various sets of kinetics have been generated with the aid of a one-dimensional reactive flow analysis. Good agreement is demonstrated between analytic and experimental density profiles using the recommended set of kinetic coefficients. Kinetic coefficients are presented in units of cm3/gmole, sec, and cal/gmole. For Reaction (9), O+H2→OH+H, which is influential in very lean H2/O2 mixtures, k9 is reported to be 6×1013exp(−10,000/RT). In richer H2/O2 mixtures the density profile is sensitive to Reaction (8), H+O2→OH+O; k8 is deduced to be 2×1014exp(−16,700/RT). Considerable recombination of hydrogen atoms and hydrogen atoms with hydroxyl radicals occurs in the stronger shocks. For Reactions (11), H+H+Ar→H2+Ar, and (12), H+OH+Ar→H2O+Ar, a literature value of k11 of 1.0×1018T−1 has been used; k12 is found to be 1.5×1017 T−0.5; Hydroperoxy radicals are important in the initiation stage and in near-stoichiometric mixtures. The coefficient of the termolecular recombination, Reaction (14), H+O2+Ar→HO2+Ar, is adequately described as 3.2×1018 T−1. In H2/CO/O2 mixtures, additional Reactions of interest are (26), CO+OH→CO2+H, and (27), CO+O+Ar→CO2+Ar. Values of k26, and k27 of 3.7×1011exp(−700/RT) and ∼6×1013, respectively, fit adequately the experimental density profiles. The technique of matching shock density profiles over a wide range of mixtures and temperatures has proven to be useful in explicating the kinetics of the H2/CO/O2 system.
Designation of the type strain for Bacterium anitratum Schaub and Hauber 1948

SUMMARY Steel and Cowan (1964) designated Schaub's Biol. 1 as the type strain for Bacterium anitratum Schaub and Hauber 1948. However, this strain was not included among those originally studied by Schaub and Hauber (1948) and cannot be recognized (Rule 9d, Note b, Intl. Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria). One of the original strains used by Schaub and Hauber (Schaub 81, American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) 19606, RH 2208) is here designated as the type for B. anitratum Schaub and Hauber 1948. The morphology, physiology, and per cent guanine plus cytosine of strain 81 are described and more than sixty characters of the strain recorded. The characteristics of strain 81 were found to be in good agreement with those given in the original description by Schaub and Hauber (1948).
Creating tissue microarrays by cutting-edge matrix assembly

Tissue microarrays have become widely adopted for effective parallel in situ analysis of hundreds of tissues placed onto single slides. Traditionally, tissue core punches are transferred into predrilled holes within a scaffold block of paraffin or other material, and sectioned transversely by a microtome to generate array sections. While core-based arraying has greatly advanced tissue analyses, some of the limitations include restricted feature sizes and numbers, variable core depths of unpredictable tissue quality and inability to array thin-walled, stratified tissue samples such as intestines, vessels or skin. Overcoming these limitations, the authors have developed a practical arraying method that combines serial cutting and edge-to-edge bonding of samples to assemble a scaffold-free array matrix -- cutting-edge matrix assembly. Using cutting-edge matrix assembly, the authors have successfully placed more than 10,000 individual tissue pieces on a single histology glass slide. The potential biomedical utility and ongoing efforts to further develop the assembly technology and analysis of high-density cutting-edge matrix assembly tissue microarrays is discussed.
pvSOAR: detecting similar surface patterns of pocket and void surfaces of amino acid residues on proteins

Detecting similar protein surfaces provides an important route for discovering unrecognized or novel functional relationship between proteins. The web server pvSOAR (pocket and void Surfaces Of Amino acid Residues) provides an online resource to identify similar protein surface regions. pvSOAR can take a structure either uploaded by a user or obtained from the Protein Data Bank, and identifies similar surface patterns based on geometrically defined pockets and voids. It provides several search modes to compare protein surfaces by similarity in local sequence, local shape and local orientation. Statistically significant search results are reported for visualization and interactive exploration. pvSOAR can be used to predict biological functions of proteins with known three-dimensional structures but unknown biological roles. It can also be used to study functional relationship between proteins and for exploration of the evolutionary origins of structural elements important for protein function. We present an example using pvSOAR to explore the biological roles of a protein whose structure was solved by the structural genomics project. The pvSOAR web server is available at http://pvsoar.bioengr.uic.edu/.
Regio- and stereospecific models for the biosynthesis of the indole alkaloids—II : Biogenetic type synthesis of Aspidosperma and Iboga alkaloids from a corynanthe precursor

Abstract The thermal reactivity of dihydro-stemmadenine acetate ( 14 ) has been investigated as a model for the biochemical conversion of Corynanthe to Iboga alkaloids in which the highly reactive achiral ester dehydrosecodine A( 17 ) is invoked to rationalize the observed products pseudocatharanthine ( 7 ) and its 15, 20 dihydro derivative ( 8 ). Interception of the reactive intermediate from the alcoholysis of dihydropreakuammicine acetate ( 15 ) has provided further insight into the mechanism of this and related rearrangements. Generation of the isomeric ester dehydrosecodine B( 24 ) from stemmadenine ( 1 ) has been demonstrated in a biogenetic-type conversion to the Aspidosperma alkaloids (±)-tabersonine ( 9 ) and (±) vincadifformine ( 27 ) by two different processes. These reactions constitute a separation of the mechanisms operative in the vigorous treatment of stemmadenine acetate on a silica surface which was shown previously to yield a mixture of Aspidosperma and Iboga alkaloids and also serve to explain the occurrence of racemic and antipodal versions of complex indole alkaloids in Nature.
Cradle to gate toxic impacts of solders: a comparison of impact assessment methods

This paper compares and contrasts two methods for calculating life-cycle human and aquatic toxicity impacts. A hazard value (HV) approach and a toxicity potential (TP) approach are used to calculate toxic impacts of three wave solder alloys: tin/lead (SnPb), tin/copper (SnCu), and tin/silver/copper (SAC). TPs are based on a more sophisticated model than the HV method; however, the TP method is less comprehensive in the number of potentially toxic chemicals it includes. Both methods resulted in similar overall conclusions regarding the relative difference in impacts for each solder alternative; however, the inventory data that drive the impact results differ for the two impact assessment methods.
Shape from stereo and shading by gradient constrained interpolation

Textureless regions, though error prone in stereo, may contain shading information that may be exploited. Shape from shading (SFS) results relate to world coordinates by arbitrary scaling factors which are difficult to estimate. We propose a method for estimating dense disparities from sparse correspondences using SFS cues. We show that SFS can impose constraints on the gradient of disparity in textureless regions with constant albedo. Gradient Constrained Interpolation (GCI), which solves the estimation problem in one dimension, is presented. We efficiently generate paths between correspondences that cover the image and then use GCI to fill the pixels in between. Results are presented on real and synthetic images, and provide quantitative evaluations to show that the method outperforms baseline methods.
The Relaxation Response Resiliency Enhancement Program in the Management of Chronic Refractory Temporomandibular Joint Disorder: Results from a Pilot Study

AbstractObjectives: This is an open-pilot study to evaluate the feasibility, acceptability and efficacy of a pain-specific version of an established mind–body medicine program, the Relaxation Response [RR] Resiliency Program [R3P], in patients with chronic temporomandibular disorder [TMD].Methods: Male and female with at least a six-month history of pain involving the masticatory muscles were sought in the Orofacial Pain Centers of the Massachusetts General Hospital [MGH] or through an advertisement sent to MGH employees from 2008 to 2010. Eligible participants underwent the R3P intervention [eight group sessions] after standard medical management. Pre- and post-group patients underwent objective measures of impairment [vertical and lateral range of motion with and without pain, temporomandibular joint and muscle pain palpation, and algometer measures] and completed psychosocial measures [Symptom Severity Index, Perceived Stress Scale, the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised and Short Form 36 Health Survey].Resu...
The science of programming dense linear algebra libraries

This tutorial focuses on how techniques from computer science allow high-performance programming to be elevated from an art that is practiced by the high priests of high performance to a science that exposes a systematic methodology that is accessible to the masses and naturally supports the multicore revolution of architecture design that has arrived.
An intercomparison exercise for oceanic carbon dioxide measurements

The Joint Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research (SCOR)/United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO/International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES)/International Association for Physical Sciences of the Ocean (IAPSO) Panel on Oceanographic Tables and Standards (JPOTS) recently established a Sub-Panel on Standards for Carbon Dioxide Measurements. The terms of reference for this subpanel are coordination and assessment of work done toward preparing carbon dioxide standards for oceanographic measurements, and development of recommendations for the production and use of such standards. Members are A. G. Dickson (Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, Calif.), chairman; F. Culkin (Institute of Oceanographic Sciences, Wormley, U.K.), A. Poisson (Universite Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris), C. S. Wong (Institute of Ocean Sciences, Sidney, Canada), and F. J. Millero (University of Miami, Miami, Fla.).
Reconstructing past climates using carbon isotopes from fulvic acids in cave sediments

Little is known about the potential of organic substances found within cave sediments to provide useful reconstructions of past climatic changes. Here, we present a study of the carbon isotopes of fulvic acids extracted from sediments from a cave in west-central Florida. Fulvic acids are the most contemporaneous representation of soil humic substances derived from vegetation growing above the cave. Radiocarbon dating of these sediments constrains their depositional period to be late-Holocene. The range of the fulvic acid δ13C record shows the dominance of C3 vegetation during this period, but with changes in abundance and the shifting presence of C4 plants. The δ13C values record both the Little Ice Age and Medieval Climate Anomaly which produce drier and wetter conditions for Florida, respectively. Our conclusion that the stable carbon isotopic values of the cave sediment record as a proxy for vegetation change as driven by variability in precipitation is strongly supported by a comparison with the δ13C and δ18O values of two uranium-series dated speleothems from this part of Florida, with both being proxies for precipitation change.
Conversion vs. Tolerance Minority-focused influence strategies can affect group loyalty

Past research has documented that social change has different implications for group identification when it is effected through successful minority’s advocacy for tolerance of diversity vs. conversion of opponents to supporters. Extending these findings, the current study demonstrated that minorities who successfully advocated tolerance, compared to those who successfully converted opponents, were more loyal to the group. This was evident in their working harder for the group at their own personal expense and without expecting anything in return. The effect of influence strategy on group loyalty was mediated by evaluative and cognitive components of group identification. Implications for group dynamics in which active minorities employ different influence strategies and their motivational underpinnings are discussed.
The ADP receptor P2Y1 is necessary for normal thermal sensitivity in cutaneous polymodal nociceptors

P2Y1 is a member of the P2Y family of G protein-coupled nucleotide receptors expressed in peripheral sensory neurons. Using ratiometric calcium imaging of isolated dorsal root ganglion neurons, we found that the majority of neurons responding to adenosine diphosphate, the preferred endogenous ligand, bound the lectin IB4 and expressed the ATP-gated ion channel P2X3. These neurons represent the majority of epidermal afferents in hairy skin, and are predominantly C-fiber polymodal nociceptors (CPMs), responding to mechanical stimulation, heat and in some cases cold. To characterize the function of P2Y1 in cutaneous afferents, intracellular recordings from sensory neuron somata were made using an ex vivo preparation in which the hindlimb skin, saphenous nerve, DRG and spinal cord were dissected in continuum, and cutaneous receptive fields characterized using digitally-controlled mechanical and thermal stimuli in male wild type mice. In P2Y1-/- mice, CPMs showed a striking increase in mean heat threshold and a decrease in mean peak firing rate during a thermal ramp from 31-52°C. A similar change in mean cold threshold was also observed. Interestingly, mechanical testing of CPMs revealed no significant differences between P2Y1-/- and WT mice. These results strongly suggest that P2Y1 is required for normal thermal signaling in cutaneous sensory afferents. Furthermore, they suggest that nucleotides released from peripheral tissues play a critical role in the transduction of thermal stimuli in some fiber types.
Continuities in the spectra and structure of the actinyl ions

Abstract The band positions of the uranyl absorption spectrum have been diagramed to indicate the relative energy levels of the nonbonding orbitals for a molecular orbital model for the uranyl ion which has been defined as the actinyl core. The band positions of the transuranium actinyl spectra have been compared with the spacings between the positions of the uranyl bands. The results indicate that a single molecular orbital model can represent any of the actinyl ions when the uranyl ion is assumed to have the bonding orbitals exactly filled, and the transuranium actinyl ions are represented with the actinyl core and a progressive increase of electrons in the first two orbitals lying above the bonding orbitals.
THE FORCED MAGNETOSTRICTION OF SINGLE-CRYSTAL GADOLINIUM

Abstract The magnetostriction of gadolinium single crystals has been measured in magnetic fields up to 20 kOe over temperatures ranging from 77°K through the Curie temperature. The magnetic field dependence of the exchange magnetostriction was found to obey the relation, λ = AH n + B . n was determined as a function of temperature. By analyzing the field dependence of the anisotropic magnetostriction, it was possible to separate the forced exchange magnetostriction and the anisotropic forced magnetostriction. The anisotropic volume magnetostriction and the forced anisotropic volume magnetostriction were also determined.
Theoretical and experimental characterization of coplanar waveguide discontinuities for filter applications

A full-wave analysis of shielded coplanar waveguide (CPW) two-port discontinuities based on the solution of an appropriate surface integral equation in the space domain is presented. Frequency-dependent scattering parameters for open-end and short-end CPW stubs are computed using this method. The numerically derived results are compared with measurements performed in the frequency range 5-25 GHz and show very good agreement. From the scattering parameters, lumped-element equivalent circuits have been derived to model the discontinuities. The inductors and capacitors of these models have been represented by closed-form equations, as functions of the stub length, to compute the circuit element values for these discontinuities. >