cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Wide-field UV imaging: Current capabilities and performance requirements for future missions

Abstract I give a brief history of UV space telescopes, paying particularly attention to imaging facilities that operate at UV wavelengths. I examine a number of science drivers for space imaging at UV and blue-optical wavelengths ( ≲ 0.5 μ m) for the coming decade, and discuss some possible synergies with future optical-IR imaging facilities, such as LSST and Euclid. While the present “Golden Age” of UV astronomy may be drawing to a close, an important new imaging facility – the Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope (UVIT) onboard Astrosat – should begin operations in 2014. This instrument will provide astronomers with a wide-field ( Ω ∼ 0.2 deg2) UV imaging capability at an angular resolution (FWHM ∼ 1.5 ″ – 1.8 ″ ) that approaches those of ground-based optical telescopes. I also describe a proposed wide-field UV/blue-optical imaging telescope (CASTOR) that would provide HST-quality images over a ∼0.7 deg2 field in three broad filters covering the range 150–550 nm.
Bacterial Diversity in Soil Exposed to Highway Runoff and De-icing Agents

Bacterial communities were profiled through two drilled soil cores below an infiltration basin that receives highway runoff and de-icing agents. Analyses of groundwater dissolved oxygen, physical and chemical properties of the soil complemented molecular phylogenetic determinations to distinguish ambient and contaminated plume zones. The bacterial community was previously characterized (when the site received high levels of acetate as de-icing agent) by being dominated by members of Geobacteraceae family. In this study, bacterial 16S rDNA gene clones showed highly diverse microbial communities, both into the plume and in the ambient aquifer, in which Geobacter spp. represents only a small fraction of them. The clones were affiliated with 32 and 23 classes identified from the sediment cores along the contaminant plume. The plume in the infiltration basin was anaerobic and iron-reducing, while the sediments in the underlying ambient aquifer were dominated by aerobes due to the presence of aerated ambient gr...
Immunoglobulin G4-related sclerosing disease presenting as a rare cause of renal pelvic mass mimicking malignancy

Immunoglobulin G4-related sclerosing disease is a recently recognized disease entity most commonly associated with autoimmune pancreatitis. This condition can also manifest as extra-pancreatic disease involving the bile ducts, kidney, lung, and retroperitoneum. The disease entity consists of elevated serum IgG4 levels, extensive IgG4-positive plasma cells, and lymphocyte infiltration of the affected organs. We describe the clinical and radiographic presentation and pathologic findings in a patient with isolated renal involvement in IgG4-related sclerosing disease.
The molecular chaperone DnaK is not recruited to translating ribosomes that lack trigger factor.

Abstract The molecular chaperone DnaK and trigger factor (TF), a ribosome-associated protein with folding activity, have been implicated in assisting nascent polypeptides to acquire a three-dimensional structure on Escherichia coli ribosomes. We asked whether ribosomes that lack trigger factor would recruit DnaK for synthesis and folding of nascent peptides. For these analyses, translating ribosomes with a homogeneous population of nascent peptides were isolated. Truncated forms of rhodanese and E. coli translation initiation factor 3 (IF3) were generated with tandem rare arginine codons in the coding sequence. These codons cause strong translational pausing during coupled transcription/translation in E. coli extracts, generating nascent polypeptides on ribosomes. Protein synthesis in the TF − extract was initiated with biotin-Met-tRNA f . Ribosomes with nascent polypeptides were isolated by interaction of the N-terminal biotin with streptavidin on magnetobeads. These translating ribosomes that lack TF contain the molecular chaperone DnaK in considerably less than stoichiometric amounts.
Partnering across the Life Course: Sex, Relationships, and Mate Selection

Marital delay, relationship dissolution and churning, and high divorce rates have extended the amount of time individuals in search of romantic relationships spend outside of marital unions. The scope of research on intimate partnering now includes studies of “hooking up,” Internet dating, visiting relationships, cohabitation, marriage following childbirth, and serial partnering, as well as more traditional research on transitions into marriage. Collectively, we know much more about relationship formation and development, but research often remains balkanized among scholars employing different theoretical approaches, methodologies, or disciplinary perspectives. The study of relationship behavior is also segmented into particular life stages, with little attention given to linkages between stages over the life course. Recommendations for future research are offered.
A Nurse-Directed Protocol Using Pulse Oximetry to Wean Mechanically Ventilated Patients from Toxic Oxygen Concentrations

The usual method of weaning mechanically ventilated patients from high FIo2 in our ICU, in which housestaff ordered all ventilator changes in an unstandardized manner (control group), was compared to a nurse-directed protocol that used a single arterial blood gas (ABG) analysis and multiple pulse oximetry measurements. The protocol required an ABG to be obtained upon the initiation of intubation/mechanical ventilation, followed by pulse oximetry measurements obtained in accordance with a standardized timetable. Decreases in FIo2 were guided by these results. It was concluded that a nurse-directed oxygen weaning protocol utilizing a combination of a single ABG and multiple pulse oximetry measurements was safe, reduced the need for ABGs, and decreased the duration of patient exposure to toxic oxygen concentrations.
Hydrogen Production Via CH 4 and CO Assisted Steam Electrolysis

Porous composite anodes consisting of a yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) backbone that was impregnated with CeO2 and various amounts of metallic components including Cu, Co and Pd were fabricated. The performance of these anodes was then tested in a solid oxide water electrolysis cell under conditions where the anode was exposed to the reducing gasses H2, CH4 and CO. The reducing gasses were used to decrease the electrochemical potential of the cell and increase overall efficiency. The results of this study show that Cu–CeO2–YSZ anodes have low catalytic activity for the oxidation of CO and CH4 and are not very effective in lowering the cell potential while operating in the reducing gas assisted mode. The addition of Co to the Cu–CeO2–YSZ anode resulted in a modest increase in the catalytic activity and enhanced the thermal stability of the anode. A Pd–C–CeO2–YSZ anode was found to have the highest catalytic activity of those tested and gave the largest reductions in the operating potential of the solid oxide electrolysis cell.
A Standard Session Stopped-Flow NMR Tube

An NMR tube has been designed to allow stopped-flow NMR experiments to be done with no modification of the instrument. Thus this technique is made routine for organic and inorganic chemists. The tube can be used with any iron magnet or super-conducting system, but the technique requires a Fourier transform data collection capability. The tube is easily attached to standard stopped-flow supply and stopping syringes, making routine data collection possible at a 0.6 s/spectra sampling rate. A calibration procedure and a sample chemical kinetic study are included to demonstrate the use of the tube.
Analysis of preservative-treated wood by multivariate analysis of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy spectra

In this work, multivariate statistical analysis (MVA) techniques are coupled with laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) to identify preservative types (chromated copper arsenate, ammoniacal copper zinc or alkaline copper quat), and to predict elemental content in preservative-treated wood. The elemental composition of the samples was measured with a standard laboratory method of digestion followed by atomic absorption spectroscopy analysis. The elemental composition was then correlated with the LIBS spectra using projection to latent structures (PLS) models. The correlations for the different elements introduced by different treatments were very strong, with the correlation coefficients generally above 0.9. Additionally, principal component analysis (PCA) was used to differentiate the samples treated with different preservative formulations. The research has focused not only on demonstrating the application of LIBS as a tool for use in the forest products industry, but also considered sampling errors, limits of detection, reproducibility, and accuracy of measurements as they relate to multivariate analysis of this complex wood substrate.
Estrogen-regulated uterine vascularization modulates the guinea pig intrauterine environment.

The effects of experimentally-induced, uterine vascular restriction on uterine blood flow (UBF) and uterine blood volume (UBV) capacity, as well as the dependent intrauterine oxygen tension (IUp
Some Results Relevant to Choice of Sum and Sum-of-Product Algorithms

Sum and sum-of-product algorithms, some designed to minimize significance error, are compared and recommendations for usage are offered. A simplified method of rounding is presented and the benefit of using it demonstrated. Results are presented for the IBM 360 as well as the IBM 7040 computers with obvious application to some other machines.
Multi-organ transplantation: Is there a protective effect against acute and chronic rejection?

Background Heart–lung transplantation (Tx) is known to offer a protective effect against acute cardiac rejection. This study was undertaken to evaluate acute and chronic heart and/or lung rejection in the setting of multiple-transplanted organs from the same donor compared with single-organ transplantation. Methods Acute (treated rejection episodes of heart or lungs) and chronic (allograft vasculopathy in hearts and bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome [BOS] in lungs) rejection events were analyzed in 348 heart transplant (H) recipients, 24 heart–lung (HL) recipients, 82 double-lung (L) recipients and 8 heart–kidney (HK) recipients >18 years of age, who were transplanted between 1990 and 2002. Results Survival at 3 years differed among groups as follows: HK, 100%; H, 82%; HL, 74%; and L, 70%. The probability of acute rejection within the first 3 months was higher in H recipients than in HL (81% vs 22%; p p = 0.00009) recipients. Acute cardiac rejection occurred more frequently during the first 2 years in isolated H recipients compared with HL (2.8 vs 0.27 episodes; p p p = 0.02) recipients. Chronic cardiac rejection (allograft vasculopathy) was more likely within 3 years after H compared with HL (32% vs 16%; p = 0.04) or HK (32% vs 0%; p = 0.14). The onset of chronic lung rejection (BOS) within 3 years was similar in HL and L recipients (39% vs 40%; p = 0.9). Conclusions Recipients of multiple organs from a single donor undergo less acute rejection of the heart or lungs compared with isolated heart or lung transplant recipients. Cardiac allograft vasculopathy is decreased significantly when cardiac transplantation is combined with a lung allograft. A lower incidence of cardiac allograft vasculopathy is observed when cardiac transplantation is combined with a renal allograft, and may prove statistically significant when more cases have been accumulated. These phenomena may result from immune modulation of the recipient by simultaneous transplant of disparate tissues or introduction of immune-modulating hematopoietic elements.
Microscopic Computed Tomography–Based Virtual Histology for Visualization and Morphometry of Atherosclerosis in Diabetic Apolipoprotein E Mutant Mice

Atherosclerosis is a progressive disease characterized by the accumulation of lipids and fibrous elements in the arteries and is a leading cause of heart disease and stroke in developed and developing countries.1 Animal models have become increasingly important tools for addressing key mechanistic and therapeutic questions that cannot be answered from human studies of atherosclerosis. However, the small-scale vascular structures in genetically engineered mice require labor-intensive histomorphometric techniques to quantify lesions. Recently, a new technique has emerged to image ex vivo blocks of soft tissue by staining tissue with metal solutions, then scanning with a microscopic computed tomography (microCT) instrument (Figure I in the online-only Data Supplement).2 This technique was originally applied to the study of the developing heart in embryos3 and fetuses (Figure II in the online-only Data Supplement) but can also be applied to the en bloc imaging of the heart, great vessels, and lesions thereof. By this method, tissues are left intact, but one can employ image analysis to create “virtual” histological …
Polarization and Vertical Velocities of Dot Angel Echoes

Abstract Polarization and vertical velocity of angel echoes were measured by means of a vertically pointing Doppler radar. Resulting analysis showed that most often the depolarization was between −9 and −15 db. A mean depolarization of −10.3 db was calculated. If the scattering were from randomly oriented, uniform, prolate water spheroids, this depolarization would correspond to an axial ratio of 2.8. Vertical velocities were initially negative (downward), but became positive during the time period of cumulus development directly above the radar. Radar cross sections ranged from 8.0 × 10−5 to 1.3 × 10−1 cm2.
Temperature changes induced by chlorpromazine and N-methyl chlorpromazine in the rat

Abstract Chlorpromazine and its quaternary analogue, N-methyl chlorpromazine, both caused a fall in body temperature when administered systemically to rats. Injection of either drug directly into the rostral hypothalamic thermoregulatory centers led to a rise in temperature. The tertiary amine was more potent in producing these responses and had a more prolonged effect. These results indicate that the hypothermia after systemic administration of chlorpromazine was mediated at sites outside the central nervous system. The hyperthermic action of the drugs could have been due to blockade of cholinergic receptors in the thermoregulatory centers. Alternatively, stabilization of neuronal membrane potentials by the drugs could have led to an upward setting of the hypothalamic thermostat.
On non-unital Jordan–Banach algebras

A unital JB-algebra is a Jordan algebra A with identity together with a complete norm satisfying, for all a, b ∈ A , (i) ( a 2 b ) a = a 2 ( ba ), (ii) ∥ a 2 ∥ = ∥ a ∥ 2 , (iii) ∥ ab ∥ ≤ ∥ a ∥ ∥ b ∥, (iv) ∥ a 2 + b 2 ∥ ≥ ∥ a 2 ∥, ∥ b 2 ∥. (It should be noted that axiom (iii) is a consequence of (ii) and (iv).) Such spaces have been studied by several authors (3, 6, 11), and as a consequence their structure is now quite well understood. Many of the results of these papers, while relying on the existence of an identity for their proofs, can be formulated for algebras which lack this property. C *-algebra theory and operator theory abound in examples of spaces which fail to be unital JB-algebras only in this one respect, and this motivates the study of the general case undertaken in this note.
Visual evoked response correlates of cerebral specialization after human commissurotomy

Abstract Visual evoked responses (VERs) were recorded from commissurotomy patients and normal subjects in order to investigate the electrophysiological correlates of cerebral lateralization and independent hemispheric processing. A verbal task consisted of detecting rhyming words and a spatial task consisted of comparing matching shapes. Stimuli were delivered, by means of a computer graphic display, into the right visual field, the left visual field, or both visual fields. Behavioral results and evoked response waveforms showed lateralization for verbal processing in the left hemisphere for the patient group. Analysis of variance of product moment correlation coefficients between VER waveforms indicated significant differences between unilateral and bilateral stimulation for both patients and normals. Commissurotomy and normal VERs showed similar patterns of correlation when verbal stimuli were delivered to the left hemisphere, but differed during right hemisphere stimulation. The results are discussed in terms of VER correlates of visual-verbal processing.
Interjurisdictional Housing Prices and Spatial Amenities: Which Measures of Housing Reflect Local Public Goods?

Understanding the spatial variation in housing prices plays a crucial role in topics ranging from the cost of living to quality-of-life indices to studies of public goods and household mobility. Yet analysts have not reached a consensus on the best source of such data, variously using self-reported values from the census, transactions values, tax assessments, and rental values. Addi-tionally, while most studies use micro-level data, some have used summary statistics such as the median housing value. Assessing community price indices in Los Angeles, we find that indices based on transactions prices are highly correlated with indices based on self-reported values, but the former are better correlated with public goods. Moreover, rental values have a higher correlation with public goods and income levels than either asset-value measure. Finally, indices based on median values are poorly correlated with the other indices, public goods, and income.
MEMBRANE ASSOCIATION AND TARGETING OF PRENYLATED RAS-LIKE GTPASES

The regulatory function of the Ras-like GTPases in diverse cellular processes, such as growth, cell movement, and protein trafficking, is critically dependent on targeting to the proper cellular membrane. Prenylation of Ras, Rho/Rac, and Rab GTPases, defined as the covalent addition of isoprenyl groups to cysteine residues near or at their carboxyl terminus, is the first and necessary step that leads to membrane binding and targeting of these proteins. Recent progress on the molecular mechanisms of prenylation, membrane association, and targeting of Ras, Rho/Rac, and Rab proteins will be reviewed here. The detailed understanding of these targeting mechanisms may allow future development of specific therapeutic agents that interfere with the function of each one of these proteins.
NASA electrothermal auxiliary propulsion technology

Electrothermal auxiliary propulsion systems provide high performance options which can have major mission benefits. There are several electrothermal concepts which offer a range of characteristics and benefits. Resistojets are the highest thrust to power option and are currently operational at mission average values of specific impulse, I sub sp approximately 295 sec. Long life, multipropellant resistojets are being developed for the space station, and resistojet technology advancements are being pursued to improve the I sub sp by more than 20 percent for resistojets used in satellite applications. Direct current arcjets have the potential of I sub sp over 400 sec with storable propellants and should provide over 1000 sec with hydrogen. Advanced concepts are being investigated to provide high power density options and possible growth to primary propulsion applications. Broad based experimental and analytical research and technology programs of NASA are summarized and recent significant advances are reviewed.
Plasma thiols inhibit hemin-dependent oxidation of human low-density lipoprotein.

Oxidative modification of human low-density lipoprotein (LDL) renders it atherogenic. Previous studies demonstrated that plasma thiols promote oxidation of LDL by free ferric iron (Fe3+). The current study investigated effects of plasma thiols on oxidation of LDL by hemin, a physiological Fe3+-protoporphyrin IX complex thought to be capable of initiating LDL oxidation in vivo. In contrast to free Fe3+ which is incapable of oxidizing LDL in the absence of an exogenous reductant, hemin readily promoted LDL oxidation. During incubation of LDL (0.2 mg of protein/ml) with hemin (10 microM) at 37 degrees C for 6 h, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), a marker of lipid oxidation, increased from 0.3 (+/-0.1) nmol/mg of LDL protein to a maximal concentration of 45.8 (+/-5.2) nmol/mg of LDL protein. Under the same experimental conditions, lipid-conjugated dienes, another marker of lipid oxidation, increased from non-detectable to near-maximal levels of 78-187 nmol/mg of LDL protein, and lipoprotein polyunsaturated fatty acyl-containing cholesteryl ester content decreased to 15-36% of that present in native (i.e. unoxidized) LDL. Continued incubation of LDL with hemin for up to 24 h resulted in no further significant alterations in lipoprotein levels of TBARS, lipid-conjugated dienes, and cholesteryl esters. In addition to these chemical modifications indicative of lipoprotein oxidation, agarose gel electrophoretic analysis indicated that exposure of LDL to hemin resulted in conversion of the lipoprotein to an atherogenic form as evidenced by its increased anodic electrophoretic mobility. Addition of physiological concentrations of plasma thiols (either cysteine, homocysteine or reduced glutathione; 1-100 microM, each) inhibited hemin-mediated oxidation of LDL. Thus, whereas the maximal TBARS concentration was achieved following 6 h of incubation of LDL with hemin alone, addition of thiol extended the time required to attain maximal TBARS concentration to > or = 12 h. Similar antioxidant effects of thiols on formation of lipid-conjugated dienes, loss of cholesteryl esters, and lipoprotein anodic electrophoretic mobility were also observed. However, all thiols were not equally effective at inhibiting hemin-dependent LDL oxidation. Thus, whereas reduced glutathione was most effective at inhibiting hemin-dependent LDL oxidation, an intermediate effect was observed for homocysteine, and cysteine was least effective. The inhibition of hemin-mediated LDL oxidation by plasma thiols reported here confirms a previous observation that, under certain conditions, thiols can function as antioxidants, but contrasts with the previously documented pro-oxidant effect of the same thiols on oxidation of LDL by free Fe3+. These contrasting effects of plasma thiols on hemin- and free Fe3+-mediated LDL oxidation indicate that, in vivo, the ability of thiols to function as either anti- or pro-oxidants during LDL oxidation may, at least in part, be determined by the type of oxidant stress to which the lipoprotein is exposed.
Robust, integrated computational control of NMR experiments to achieve optimal assignment by ADAPT-NMR.

ADAPT-NMR (Assignment-directed Data collection Algorithm utilizing a Probabilistic Toolkit in NMR) represents a groundbreaking prototype for automated protein structure determination by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. With a [13C,15N]-labeled protein sample loaded into the NMR spectrometer, ADAPT-NMR delivers complete backbone resonance assignments and secondary structure in an optimal fashion without human intervention. ADAPT-NMR achieves this by implementing a strategy in which the goal of optimal assignment in each step determines the subsequent step by analyzing the current sum of available data. ADAPT-NMR is the first iterative and fully automated approach designed specifically for the optimal assignment of proteins with fast data collection as a byproduct of this goal. ADAPT-NMR evaluates the current spectral information, and uses a goal-directed objective function to select the optimal next data collection step(s) and then directs the NMR spectrometer to collect the selected data set. ADAPT-NMR extracts peak positions from the newly collected data and uses this information in updating the analysis resonance assignments and secondary structure. The goal-directed objective function then defines the next data collection step. The procedure continues until the collected data support comprehensive peak identification, resonance assignments at the desired level of completeness, and protein secondary structure. We present test cases in which ADAPT-NMR achieved results in two days or less that would have taken two months or more by manual approaches.
The ontogeny of larval swimming behavior in the crab Hemigrapsus sanguineus: implications for larval transport.

Abstract Many estuarine crab species are exported from this habitat at spawning and are physically transported to coastal waters where they undergo zoeal development. Later, they recruit back to the adult habitat as megalopae. Larval behavior within the context of wind-driven coastal circulation contributes to this process. The present study tested whether the crab Hemigrapsus sanguineus , an invasive species to the mid-Atlantic coast of the United States as well as in Europe, possesses behavioral responses to exogenous cues (gravity and light) and endogenous rhythms that would facilitate this scenario. Throughout larval development, H. sanguineus zoeae were negatively buoyant. In a laboratory test chamber, early stage (Z1) larvae displayed a strong negative geotaxis in darkness which resulted in surface swimming that was not offset by behavioral responses to light exposure. These Z1 stage larvae also possessed an endogenous tidal rhythm in swimming activity that was in phase with ebb tides in the spawning habitat and was independent of light exposure. These behaviors are consistent with export of larvae from estuarine to coastal waters where larval development occurs. Intermediate (Z3) and late (Z5) stage larvae exhibited a predominant negative geotaxis and surface swimming, with some zoeae showing positive geotaxis and/or sinking in the Z5 stage. Visual spectral sensitivity of eyes in Z3 larvae peaked between 450 and 510 nm, with a secondary peak evident at short-wavelengths (~ 370 nm). In both the Z3 and Z5 stages, larvae descended in response to light exposure, as expected under a negative feedback model of depth regulation common among crab larvae. Photoresponse thresholds of 5.8 × 10 12 and 1.2 × 10 14 photons m − 2 s − 1 for Z3 and Z5 stage larvae, respectively, predict both stages to be in the lower water column during the day. After molting to megalopae, H. sanguineus display positive geotaxis and/or sinking in darkness and lack a phototactic response, consistent with settlement in the adult benthic habitat. Thus, larvae of the invasive crab H. sanguineus possess endogenous rhythms and behavioral responses to environmental cues that are similar to those observed in successful native species with a similar coastal larval development pattern.
Comparison of FK-506 and cyclosporine regimens in pediatric renal transplantation

Clinical aspects of FK-506 or cyclosporine immunosuppression regimens were evaluated in 48 consecutive pediatric renal transplant recipients. Tapering and discontinuation of prednisone was employed only in children receiving FK-506 who experienced minor or no rejection episodes during the 1st posttransplant month. At 1 year follow-up, 17 of 22 (77%) of all children with functioning allografts were receiving no prednisone (n=13) or a mean dosage of 0.07 mg/kg per day (n=4). During the 1st month, acute cellular rejection was more common in the FK-506 group (0.58 vs. 0.21 rejections per patient,P<0.05) but allograft survival (92%) and renal function at 1 year posttransplant were identical in both groups. Compared with the cyclosporine regimen, FK-506 immunosuppression may be associated with a higher incidence of cytomegalovirus or reversible Epstein-Barr virus-induced lymphoproliferative disease. However, the FK-506 group had less hirsutism and gingival hypertrophy and required fewer antihypertensive medications independent of steroid use. Height standard deviation scores and weight-for-height index improved only in preadolescents receiving FK-506 but no prednisone (P<0.02 andP<0.05, respectively), but did not differ between children on FK-506 plus prednisone and those in the cyclosporine group. We conclude that the major advantages of FK-506 over cyclosporine immunosuppression are a reduced severity of hypertension and an improved cosmetic appearance which may improve long-term medical compliance. When used as monotherapy, FK-506 also shows promise in relieving the growth retardation associated with cyclosporine regimens that include prednisone.
Younger and older children had different experiences of asthma and its management.

(2001) Patient Educ Couns 45, 199; Pradel FG, Hartzema AG, Bush PJ. . Asthma self-management: the perspective of children. . Dec; . : . –209 . [OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2][PubMed][3][Web of Science][4] QUESTION: How do children experience their asthma and its management? Qualitative study. 2 asthma clinics (one located in a large teaching hospital and the other in a community centre) in North Carolina, USA. 32 children (20 boys, 51% white) who were either 7 or 12 years of age, had moderate to severe asthma, and had no other chronic diseases or mental disability. Data were collected during 2 home visits. During the “drawing interview”, children were asked to draw a picture of the last time they were sick; if they did not select an asthma attack, they were asked to do so during the second visit. During the “figurative process interview”, children were shown a piece of paper with a point on a horizontal line, which represented an asthma attack. They were asked to describe their symptoms before and during the attack and how they managed each symptom. Data from 31 drawing interviews and 30 figurative process interviews were analysed and triangulated. Themes were extracted using a list of previously identified themes. Knowledge : in the drawing … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DPatient%2Beducation%2Band%2Bcounseling%26rft.stitle%253DPatient%2BEduc%2BCouns%26rft.aulast%253DPradel%26rft.auinit1%253DF.%2BG.%26rft.volume%253D45%26rft.issue%253D3%26rft.spage%253D199%26rft.epage%253D209%26rft.atitle%253DAsthma%2Bself-management%253A%2Bthe%2Bperspective%2Bof%2Bchildren.%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1016%252FS0738-3991%252801%252900123-9%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F11722856%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1016/S0738-3991(01)00123-9&link_type=DOI [3]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=11722856&link_type=MED&atom=%2Febnurs%2F5%2F4%2F123.atom [4]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=000172639900006&link_type=ISI
AUF1 Is Expressed in the Developing Brain, Binds to AT-rich Double-stranded DNA, and Regulates Enkephalin Gene Expression *

During our search for transcriptional regulators that control the developmentally regulated expression of the enkephalin (ENK) gene, we identified AUF1. ENK, a peptide neurotransmitter, displays precise cell-specific expression in the adult brain. AUF1 (also known as heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein D) has been known to regulate gene expression through altering the stability of AU-rich mRNAs. We show here that in the developing brain AUF1 proteins are expressed in a spatiotemporally defined manner, and p37 and p40/42 isoforms bind to an AT-rich double-stranded (ds) DNA element of the rat ENK (rENK) gene. This AT-rich dsDNA sequence acts as a cis-regulatory DNA element and is involved in regulating the cell-specific expression of the ENK gene in primary neuronal cultures. The AT-rich dsDNA elements are present at ∼2.5 kb 5′upstream of the rat, human, and mouse ENK genes. AUF1 proteins are shown here to provide direct interaction between these upstream AT-rich DNA sequences and the TATA region of the rENK gene. Double immunohistochemistry demonstrated that in the developing brain AUF1 proteins are expressed by proliferating neural progenitors and by differentiating neurons populating brain regions, which will not express the ENK gene in the adult, suggesting a repressor role for AUF1 proteins during enkephalinergic differentiation. Their subnuclear distribution and interactions with AT-rich DNA suggest that in the developing brain they can be involved in complex nuclear regulatory mechanisms controlling the development- and cell-specific expression of the ENK gene.
Activation of Cardiac Thin Filaments by N-Terminal Domains of Cardiac Myosin Binding Protein C

We have used double mixing stopped-flow fluorescence to study the effect of the soluble N-terminal C1C2 domain of cMyBP-C on the activation of product dissociation from myosin-S1-mdADP-Pi by native porcine thin filaments. Product dissociation from cardiac actomyosin is an ordered process in which phosphate dissociation is rate limiting (AM-mdADP-Pi → AM-mdADP → AM) and can therefore be measured by the rate of mdADP dissociation. Myosin-S1 was mixed with an equal concentration of the fluorescent ATP analogue, mdATP, and held in a delay line 2 seconds for the nucleotide to bind and be hydrolyzed (M + mdATP → M-mdATP ↔M-mdADP-Pi). The mixture was subsequently mixed with native cardiac thin filaments, 1 mM MgATP, 1 mM EGTA and expressed mouse cMyBP-C domains C1C2. In control experiments cMyBP-C was either replaced with NEM-S1 (a catalytically inactive form of myosin-S1, modifed with N-ethylmaleimide, which binds to actin in the presence of ATP), rigor myosin-S1 (in the absence of ATP) or 0.1 mM CaCl2. Maximal activation of the rate of product dissociation by cMyBP-C domains C1C2 is the same as observed with saturating rigor-myosin-S1 or 0.1 mM calcium and greater than observed with NEM-S1. These experiments were done at physiological ionic strength (0.18 M KAc, 10 mM Mops, 2 mM MgCl2, pH 7) to eliminate non specific ionic interaction that might occur at lower ionic strength. Cardiac cMyBP-C domains C1C2 not only bind to actin at a similar position to rigor myosin-S1 but substoichiometric concentrations (1 cMyBP-C C1C2 per 7 actin subunits) are as effective as rigor myosin-S1 at activating cardiac thin filament in the absence of calcium.
Preventing and ameliorating young children's chronic problem behaviors: An ecological classroom‐based approach

The number of young children who demonstrate chronic problem behaviors placing them at high risk for the future development of emotional and behavioral disorders is increasing. These children's problem behaviors often exist prior to entering school and become apparent as they interact with their parents at home. In fact, researchers have suggested that children who demonstrate chronic problem behaviors and their parents often end up developing well-established negative interaction patterns that can evolve into coercive relationships and persist upon entry into school. This article describes an ecological classroom-based approach, which emphasizes changing teacher--student interaction patterns as a means for preventing and possibly ameliorating coercive interaction patterns demonstrated by young children and their teachers. First, a brief overview of current service delivery models and intervention programs addressing young children's behavioral excesses is presented. Next, a description of the ecological classroom-based intervention model for addressing the behavioral needs of these children is described. This section includes the theoretical frameworks on which the model is based and an overview of model components. Additionally, the application of the model to a school-wide systems approach is explored. Finally, future research directions are discussed. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Morphology of the mouthparts of several species of phytophagous mites.

The morphology of the mouthparts of 5 families of phytophagous mites was studied. In tetranychid mites the stylets, or movable digits of the chelicerae, are concave mesally, forming a duct. A tiny dark line extending along the medial surface of one of the stylets may represent a groove which “hooks in” the opposing stylet when both are protracted. In the Tenuipalpidae, the tip of the rostrum is blunt, suggesting these mites feed differently from tetranychid mites in which the rostrum is cup-shaped apically. The eriophyoid rostrum consists of 5 stylets bordered closely by a pair of palps. Five segments compose the eriophyid palp, with the terminal segment pad-like. This segment perhaps adheres to the leaf surface, providing for forceful insertion of the stylets during feeding. In rhyncaphytoptid mites the terminal palpal segment is not pad-like but elongated, suggesting these mites feed in a different manner than eriophyid mites. In the Tarsonemidae, the mouth parts are located in the retractable capitulum. The palps are closely associated with the chelicerae.
Climate and the changing sun

Long-term changes in the level of solar activity are found in historical records and in fossil radiocarbon in tree-rings. Typical of these changes are the Maunder Minimum (A.D. 1645–1715), the Sporer Minimum (A.D. 1400–1510), and a Medieval Maximum (c. A.D. 1120–1280). Eighteen such features are identified in the tree-ring radiocarbon record of the past 7500 years and compared with a record of world climate. In every case when long-term solar activity falls, mid-latitude glaciers advance and climate cools; at times of high solar activity glaciers recede and climate warms. We propose that changes in the level of solar activity and in climate may have a common cause: slow changes in the solar constant, of about 1% amplitude.
Construct Validity of the Behavior Assessment System for Children (BASC) Self-Report of Personality: Evidence From Adolescents Referred to Residential Treatment

The authors investigate the construct validity of the Behavior Assessment System for Children Self-Report of Personality (BASC-SRP; Reynolds & Kamphaus, 1998). A sample of 970 adolescents (16-18 years) with histories of disruptive behavior problems and truancy complete the SRP; a subsample of 290 adolescents also completed the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory—Adolescent (Butcher et al., 1992). Confirmatory factor analysis support a three-factor structure for the SRP. The Clinical Maladjustment and Personal Adjustment composites show adequate convergent, discriminant, and discriminative validity. Less evidence for the validity of the School Maladjustment composite is found. Results support the overall construct validity of the SRP with adolescents referred for behavior problems but suggest that the SRP composites and scales measure a wider range of psychopathology than their labels imply.
Measurement of human brain dexfenfluramine concentration by 19F magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

Abstract Objective : The goals of this study were to quantitate the brain concentration of the anorectic drug dexfenfluramine (DF) in human subjects receiving clinical doses of DF and to determine whether human brain DF concentrations approach those reported to cause irreversible neurochemical changes in animals. Each subject's brain DF concentration was measured several times over an extended period of DF treatment to determine whether drug accumulation in the brain would plateau or continue to increase throughout the treatment period. Design : Fluorine magnetic resonance spectroscopy (19F-MRS) was used to directly detect and quantitate brain levels of the fluorinated drug dexfenfluramine and its active metabolite dex-norfenfluramine (dNF). Patients received 15 mg dexfenfluramine BID for 90 days. 19F-MRS measurements were performed at baseline and at three times during the treatment period. Participants : Twelve women (age 38–54 years) who were obese, with body mass indices of 28.4–37.4, but otherwise healthy. Results : The combined concentration of DF and nDF reached steady-state in the human brain after approximately 10 days of treatment. The steady-state brain concentration averaged approximately 4 μM and did not tend to increase significantly during the 90 day treatment period. Conclusions : These results demonstrate that fluorinated drugs can be quantified using 19F MRS at concentrations below 10 μM in the human brain. The time-course data suggest that brain DF concentrations parallel DF plasma pharmacokinetics in humans. Measured brain dexfenfluramine/nor-dexfenfluramine concentrations were well below levels previously found to cause irreversible brain alterations in animals.
Abstract A101: Dose-related suppression of rat oral carcinogenesis by the EGF receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor, gefitinib

Activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) stimulates signal transduction pathways that regulate cell proliferation and may be causally involved in carcinogenesis. Recent data suggest that EGFR expression is a predictive biomarker for the risk of oral cancer in humans, and that alterations in EGFR expression or action may be directly involved in oral carcinogenesis. Gefitinib (N-(3-chloro-4-fluoro-phenyl)-7-methoxy-6-(3-morpholin-4-ylpropoxy)-quinazolin-4-amine; ZD1839; Iressa) is a specific inhibitor of EGFR tyrosine kinase (EGFR-TK). The present study was performed to evaluate the activity of gefitinib as an inhibitor of oral cancer induction in rats. Squamous cell carcinomas of the tongue were induced in male F344 rats by drinking water administration of 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (NQO; 20 ppm for 10 weeks). After NQO administration was completed, rats were randomized into groups of 25 and received [a] unsupplemented basal diet only (dietary control); [b] basal diet + gefinitib (50 mg/kg diet); or [c] basal diet + gefinitib (100 mg/kg diet). All diets were fed continuously from week 10 until the end of the study at week 26. Dietary administration of gefinitib induced a dose-related inhibition of oral cancer induction (cancer incidences of 57% and 36% in low and high dose groups, respectively, versus 80% incidence in the dietary control group; p Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2010;3(12 Suppl):A101.
Some applications of anderson’s inequality to some optimality criteria of the generalized least squares estimator

The article shows that the generalized least squares estimator % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr% 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9% vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x% fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGafqOSdiMbam% baaaa!37A8! $$\overset{\lower0.5em\hbox{$\smash{\scriptscriptstyle\frown}$}}{\beta } $$ of the regression coefficientβ is generalized Bayes estimator for a family of elliptically symmetric unimodal distributions and for a large class of loss functions which are nondecreasing in the generalized Euclidean distance between the parameter and the estimator. For a group of location-scale transformations, % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr% 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9% vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x% fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGafqOSdiMbam% baaaa!37A8! $$\overset{\lower0.5em\hbox{$\smash{\scriptscriptstyle\frown}$}}{\beta } $$ is shown to be the Pitman closest and to dominate universally in the class of equivariant estimators ofβ. Also % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr% 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9% vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x% fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGafqOSdiMbam% baaaa!37A8! $$\overset{\lower0.5em\hbox{$\smash{\scriptscriptstyle\frown}$}}{\beta } $$ is shown to be a minimax estimator ofβ. Furthermore, it can be shown that % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr% 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9% vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x% fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGafqOSdiMbam% baaaa!37A8! $$\overset{\lower0.5em\hbox{$\smash{\scriptscriptstyle\frown}$}}{\beta } $$ is the posterior Pitman closest. In proving all these results, Anderson’s inequality (1955) has been used as a basic tool.
Crack bridging by through-thickness reinforcement in delaminating curved structures

Abstract The problem of how through-thickness reinforcement opposes the opening of delamination cracks in curved laminar structures is examined theoretically. Finite element calculations have been performed to show how the through-thickness reinforcement modifies the energy release rate of a delamination crack. Solutions are found for perfectly bonded and debonded cases. Energy conservation arguments are then used to define constitutive laws for equivalent continuous bridging springs acting on the delamination fracture surfaces. This step allows the immediate application of useful concepts from the literature on bridged cracks. Results are summarized for convenient use and trends are highlighted by relating the exact numerical results to analytical approximations for the perfectly bonded and debonded cases. Through-thickness reinforcement will be effective at modest volume fractions, provided the spacing of the discrete reinforcing elements is not much greater than the laminate thickness, in which case buckling between successive reinforcements facilitates delamination. With this provision, the present results confirm that simplistic linear constitutive laws used for bridging line springs in prior work are fairly accurate for most feasible values of geometrical and material parameters; and a minor amendment to the prior work, which is provided in analytic form, will lead to conservative design rules.
Enhancement of antigen-induced leukocyte histamine release by a mononuclear cell-derived factor

Supernatant fluids of phytohemagglutinin-stimulated mononuclear cells from ragweed-sensitive patients significantly enhanced the release of histamine from antigen-triggered leukocytes of ragweed-sensitive as well as control individuals. Supernatants of mononuclear cells from control individuals did not reveal this enhancing effect, nor was it found with the use of supernatants of unstimulated mononuclear cells of ragweed-sensitive patients or culture media with PHA alone. Supernatant fluids of phytohemagglutinin-stimulated mononuclear cells of patients sensitive to trees and grass also revealed this enhancing effect. The factor(s) responsible for the enhancement of antigen-induced histamine is heat labile and has a molecular weight of less than 10,000 daltons. The mechanism and site of action of the enhancing factor could involve initiating and/or modulating steps of the leukocyte histamine release reaction. This factor, presumably a lymphokine or a monokine, may constitute a regulating link between cell-mediated immunity and histamine-mediated hypersensitivity reactions in allergic patients.
Genetic variants of serum albumin in Americans and Japanese.

Abstract A collaborative search for albumin genetic variants (alloalbumins) was undertaken by cellulose acetate and agarose electrophoresis at pH 8.6 of the sera of patients at two major medical centers in the United States and of nearly 20,000 blood donors in Japan. Seventeen instances of alloalbuminemia were ascertained, and seven different alloalbumin types were characterized by structural study. Two previously unreported alloalbumin types were identified. In one type, which was present in a Caucasian family and designated Iowa City-1, aspartic acid at position 365 was replaced by valine (365 Asp----Val); this is the second reported mutation at this position. The other type present in a Japanese blood donor had the mutation 128 His----Arg. An unexpected finding was the presence in a single Japanese of a Naskapi-type alloalbumin (372 Lys----Glu), a variant that had previously been described only for certain Amerindian tribes in whom it occurs with a polymorphic frequency (greater than 1%) and in Eti Turks. An arginyl-albumin (-1 Arg, 1 Asp----Val) occurred in an American family. The other alloalbumin types identified were proalbumins Lille and Christchurch and albumin B that have a cumulative frequency of about 1:3500 in Caucasians probably because of the hypermutability of CpG dinucleotides at the mutated sites. All of the variants characterized in this study are point mutants, and the sites are spread throughout the albumin gene. However, about one-fourth of all known albumin mutations are clustered in the sequence segment from position 354 through 382.