cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Linger thermo theory: Part I: The dynamics dual of the stationary entropy/ectropy based latency information theory

A statistical-physics and information-systems based linger thermo theory is advanced that is the dynamics dual of the stationary entropy-ectropy based latency information theory. It addresses operating issues of information sources, retainers, processors and movers that are contained in a closed-system, or universe, and whose solutions are enabled by a novel unifying duality language. Linger thermo theory combines a newly enhanced thermodynamics, which addresses both information-source's order and information-retainer's retention issues, with its recently discovered time dual, called lingerdynamics that is concerned with information-processor's connection and information-mover's mobility issues. The theory is a realistic predictor of wide ranging phenomena. Among these one finds: 1) that a closed-system, or universe, continuously expands; 2) that the theoretical life expectancy of an adult living system can be mass independent, an unexpected and surprising 2010 linger thermo prediction strongly supported by a lifespan study started in the 1980s of rhesus monkeys by the United States National Institute of Aging (NIA) whose results were published in a 2012 Nature article: the NIA investigators were shocked with these results since they actually aimed to show that the life expectancy of higher mass (obese) rhesus monkeys was significantly less than that of lower mass (non-obese) ones; and 3) an equation that predicts our perceived faster moving of time as we age.
Unique Cooperative Binding Interaction Observed between a Minor Groove Binding Pt Antitumor Agent and Hoeschst Dye 33258

The trinuclear compound [{Pt(NH3)3}2μ-{trans-Pt(NH3)2(H2N(CH2)6NH2)}26+ (0,0,0/t,t,t) binds to DNA only through noncovalent hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions. The presence of this 6+ cation allows discrimination of binding modes for common DNA ligands: binding of minor-groove agents such as Hoechst 33258 is cooperative, and dye−DNA interaction is enhanced whereas intercalation as exemplified by ethidium bromide is competitively inhibited.
Novel Synthesis of Polypyrrole Reinforced Nanocomposites and Evaluation of Water Uptake and Blood Compatible Behaviors

The electrical conductive hydrogels exhibiting in vitro blood compatible behavior have been recognized as promising class of materials and have found wide spectrum of applications in biology and technology. In the present investigation, a novel but simple synthetic approach has been evolved that mediates homogeneous impregnation of polypyrrole into a polymer matrix composed of polyvinyl alcohol grafted with copolymer chains of poly(2-acryloamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulphonic acid) (AMPS) and polyacroylonitrile. The prepared electric conductive polymer was characterized by techniques like FTIR, SEM and XRD and, water sorption potential of prepared nanocomposite hydrogel was also evaluated quantitatively. It was revealed by XRD analysis that the impregnation of polypyrrole results in a loss in crystallinity. The size of polypyrrole clusters determined from SEM analysis was found to vary in the range 0.5 to 2 μm. The effect of parameters like composition of the gel, pH, temperature and ionic strength of the sw...
Maintenance, reliability and policies for orbital space station life support systems

Abstract The performance of productive work on space missions is critical to sustaining a human presence on orbital space stations (OSS), the Moon, or Mars. Available time for productive work has potentially been impacted on past OSS missions by underestimating the crew time needed to maintain systems, such as the Environmental Control and Life Support System (ECLSS). To determine the cause of this apparent disconnect between the design and operation of an OSS, documented crew time for maintenance was collected from the three Skylab missions and Increments 4–8 on the International Space Station (ISS), and the data was contrasted to terrestrial facility maintenance norms. The results of the ISS analysis showed that for four operational and seven functional categories, the largest deviation of 60.4% over the design time was caused by three of the four operational categories not being quantitatively included in the design documents. In a cross category analysis, 35.3% of the crew time was found to have been used to repair air and waste handling systems. The air system required additional crew time for maintenance due to a greater than expected failure rate and resultant increased time needed for repairs. Therefore, it appears that the disconnect between the design time and actual operations for ECLSS maintenance on ISS was caused by excluding non-repair activities from the estimates and experiencing greater than expected technology maintenance requirements. Based on these ISS and Skylab analyses, future OSS designs (and possibly lunar and Martian missions as well) should consider 3.0–3.3 h/day for crews of 2 to 3 as a baseline of crew time needed for ECLSS maintenance.
Astronomy: Cosmic fog and smog.

It emerges that most of the elements heavier than helium are not found in galaxies, where they can be mixed into future stars and planets. Instead, these elements largely reside far from galaxies in ionized gas and dust particles.
The MMPI/MMPI-2 personality disorder scales : contemporary norms for adults and adolescents

Eleven personality disorder scales for the MMPI, as described in DSM-III, were derived by Morey and his colleagues from the original MMPI item pool through a combination of rational and empirical strategies. These new scales have enjoyed popularity among clinicians. Normative tables for each of these scales, with and without overlapping items, were constructed from MMPI responses from a large contemporary normal reference sample of adults and adolescents without any physical or mental handicaps who were selected randomly from a three-state area in the Midwest. Some items from the Morey Personality Disorder scales were deleted during development of the MMPI-2; separate normative tables have been prepared for the scales so affected, which allows clinicians who are using the MMPI-2 to continue to use these slightly modified scales.
RNA turnover: The helicase story unwinds

Abstract Recent results show that RNA helicases play important roles in RNA decay, both as exoribonuclease accessory factors and in communicating signals to RNA decay machinery.
Proton radiation damage in high-resistivity n-type silicon CCDs

A new type of p-channel CCD constructed on high-resistivity n-type silicon was exposed to 12 MeV protons at doses up to 1x1011 protons/cm2. The charge transfer efficiency was measured as a function of radiation dose and temperature. We previously reported that these CCDs are significantly more tolerant to radiation damage than conventional n-channel devices. In the work reported here, we used pocket pumping techniques and charge transfer efficiency measurements to determine the identity and concentrations of radiation induced traps present in the damaged devices.
Multiple equilibria in dynamic rational expectations models: A critical review

Abstract Multiple equilibria are a ubiquitous feature of dynamic rational expectations models. Researchers have been divided on the implications of this phenomenon. Some have viewed this as a reflection of reality and a possible explanation of a wide range of economic phenomena. Others have suggested various selection criteria for choosing one among the many equilibria. This paper reviews the major selection criteria that have been proposed, and through application to three well-known models shows under what circumstances one might expect them to choose the same or different equilibria. In addition, this paper proposes a new criteria based on the limit of finite-horizon equilibria and investigates its relation to the other criteria.
Micro- and nano-tribological behavior of soybean oil-based polymers of different crosslinking densities

Abstract Biobased polymers produced from renewable and inexpensive natural resources, such as natural oils, have drawn considerable attention over the past decades, due to their low cost, ready availability, environmental compatibility, and their inherent biodegradability. In this study, the micro/nanotribological wear behavior of biopolymers with different crosslinking densities prepared from low saturated soybean oil (LSS) by cationic copolymerization with divinyl benzene and polystyrene are evaluated and compared. Microtribological measurements were performed using a ball-on-flat reciprocating microtribometer using two different probes −1.2 mm radius Si 3 N 4 spherical probe and a 100 μm radius conical diamond probe with 90° cone angle. Nanoscale wear tests were performed using a DLC coated antimony (n) doped silicon probe of radius ∼200 nm in an atomic force microscope (AFM). Wear volumes were estimated from AFM topography maps of groove geometry and wear coefficients were evaluated for the materials. Elastic modulus and hardness information were evaluated using nanoindentation tests. Correlations between crosslinking density and observed wear behavior across scales are discussed. These results provide some insight into the wear behavior of soybean oil-based polymers.
Caveats from a dyed-in-the-wool futurist

It is recommended that we collaborate with science and industry in the search for technological innovation in media-related fields, in order to help design a future environment that will benefit a healthy musical culture. Since those of us who are already immersed in the technology are accustomed to its less attractive attributes as well as its potentials, we can consult with colleagues about essential characteristics of the old-fashioned world which we and they do not want to lose. With our collective imaginations, it should be possible to preserve many of these aspects by transforming them, with sensitivity, to fit new contexts. A few diverse examples are given of features that might be considered both attractive and endangered. Suggestions ranging from the practical to the whimsical illustrate some possibilities for injecting the essence of these experiences into a more technological world, thereby enriching it.
U.S.-Africa Virtual Collaboration in Globalization Studies: Success Factors for Complex, Cross-National Learning Teams

This case study highlights findings from the first two years of a cross-institutional and cross-national effort to link university students in South Africa with university students in the United States via a graduate seminar on globalization and the information society. The seminar is taught using synchronous and asynchronous web-based tools, providing students with the opportunity to participate in complex, cross-national learning teams. These Global Syndicates represent important stakeholders in globalization processes. Trust, culture, and ideology emerge as key factors for success in this distributed learning environment. Hindering factors include absence of group process skills, low levels of individual participation, cross-cultural differences in communication style, academic expectations, and work ethic.
GASEOUS LOSSES OF NITROGEN FROM GREEN PLANTS. II. STUDIES WITH EXCISED LEAVES IN NUTRIENT MEDIA

In the previous paper (1) of this series, studies to determine whether gaseous losses of nitrogen occur from cultures of Chlorella and Lemna when grown on various sources of nitrogen, showed that no losses occurred except for one minor exception. In this one case slight losses of nitrogen from Chlorella cultures, grown on ammonium nitrate, did occur. The significance of this finding is somewhat in doubt, however, since these cultures were nearly dead when analyzed, due to increasing acidity during growth. The work, of course, with this exception, failed to corroborate the findings of Pearsall and Billimoria (9). Most of the work of Pearsall and Billimoria (9, 10) was with sterilized Narcissus leaves floated on nutrient solutions. This technique provides conditions that are far from normal for growth, but it offers one of the few praticai means of obtaining quantitative data on nitrogen losses resulting from the metabolism of common flowering plants. Where inorganic sources of nitrogen were present, losses of more than 50 per cent, of the total nitrogen added were sometimes observed by these workers. The indications were that nitrogen was lost by interaction of nitrites with amino nitrogen, both being products of plant metabolic processes. Under conditions where protein formation was proceeding, the nitrogen losses were small. Where protein hydrolysis predominated the rate of nitrogen, loss was often large. Similar experiments conducted by Mothes (8), using leaves of Phaseolus multiflorus, Hippeastrum, and Agapanthus, failed to confirm these findings. In view of the obvious practical and theoretical importance (5, 12) of these observations of Pearsall and Billimoria, further work of the same type was initiated. In these experiments, which are reported below, the floating leaf technique similar to that used by Pearsall and Billimoria was adopted, but the analytical procedures were very different.
Computer simulation of phase transitions associated with surface miscibility gaps

Abstract The Embedded Atom Method has been used in conjunction with Monte Carlo modeling to simulate phase transitions associated with surface miscibility gaps in dilute CuAg alloys. The simulations show that the (111) surface undergoes an abrupt transition from a Cu-rich to a Ag-rich surface phase at 750 K over a very small increase in bulk Ag concentration. No comparable transition is found on the (100) surface down to temperatures as low as 400 K. The Cu-rich phase on the (111) surface shows no significant imperfections. In contrast, the Ag-rich phase is quite disordered, and the high concentration of the larger silver atoms can only be accommodated if some of those atoms are squeezed out into previously unoccupied adatom sites. The results of the simulation are compared with predictions of a regular solution model of surface phase transitions. While the general trends predicted by the two approaches are similar, significant quantitative differences are apparent between both the predicted phase boundaries and the critical temperatures associated with the surface miscibility gap.
Power7: IBM's Next-Generation Server Processor

The Power7 is IBM's first eight-core processor, with each core capable of four-way simultaneous-multithreading operation. Its key architectural features include an advanced memory hierarchy with three levels of on-chip cache; embedded-DRAM devices used in the highest level of the cache; and a new memory interface. This balanced multicore design scales from 1 to 32 sockets in commercial and scientific environments.
Lactic acid production by batch fermentation of whey permeate: A mathematical model

The batch fermentation of whey permeate to lactic acid was improved by supplementing the broth with enzyme-hydrolyzed whey protein. A mathematical model based on laboratory results predicts to a 99% confidence limit the kinetics of this fermentation. Cell growth, acid production and protein and sugar use rates are defined in quantifiable terms related to the state of cell metabolism. The model shows that the constants of the Leudeking-Piret model are not true constants, but must vary with the medium composition, and especially the peptide average molecular weight. The kinetic mechanism on which the model is based also is presented.
Studies of silicon cluster–metal atom compound formation in a supersonic molecular beam

The first observation of a reaction between a metal atom and silicon in a supersonic jet to form metal atom silicon clusters is reported. Using the technique of laser vaporization supersonic expansion with metal carbonyl seeded carrier gas, clusters of the form MSin have been detected by ArF and KrF laser photoionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry. Three transition metals have been investigated, Cr, Mo, and W. The dominant product cluster peaks observed in the mass spectra obtained for all three metals corresponds to identical but remarkable cluster stoichiometries. The dominant peaks have formulas given by MSin where n=15 and n=16. The metal–semiconductor clusters are relatively more stable towards photofragmentation than the bare silicon cluster of the same size. The observation of these new species may be relevant to reactions which occur at the interface between a silicon wafer and deposited metals.
Gajusz Waleriusz Maksymus czyli historia moralizująca, jej losy w dawnych epokach oraz polski przekład IV 1-15

G. Valerius Maximus, a roman author living in the times of Augustus and Tiberius, wrote somewhat singular volume entitled Factorum et dictorum memorabilium libri novem. Its intention was to supply teachers of schools of rhetoric with historical material that they were to use in teaching and resuscitating mores maiorum as well as in drafting moralising speeches. Nine books demonstrate over 950 examples taken from history of Rome (exempla domestica) and foreign nations (exempla externa). Valerius took the generally well-know historic figures, their fates, events and sayings, adopted from various historians and writers and arranged them according to virtues and vices. His historiographic method relied on the Cyceronian concept which was founded on two canonical premises: “historia magistra vitae” and “historia opus oratori magnum maxime”. The introductions to almost every chapter, whose number exceeds 90, are the most original fragments. Facta et dicta memorabilia, with its air of Roman tradition, patriotic and humanitarian notions and feelings enjoyed great popularity throughout the ages, as a reference work on general history of antiquity and handbook of Latin. That students were able to learn moral values on actual examples was even more important. In Poland, Valerius’ work was known since the times of Wincenty Kadlubek (12th/13th cent.); in the 15th-17th century the volume is discussed at lectures at the Academy of Cracow, is referenced or quoted in the writings of Polish historians and writers (Pawel of Krosno, Marcin Bielski, Stanislaw Ilowski, Krzysztof Opalinski and others). 1609 saw the publication of a somewhat peculiar translation by Andrzej Wargocki, in which the translator not only omitted certain parts, but also extended the text by examples taken from the history of Poland. The author of the paper argues that a new Polish translation of the antique monument be made and himself translates fragments 4, 1, praef., 1-15.
Focal cryosurgery: encouraging health outcomes for unifocal prostate cancer.

Objectives Owing to the ability to better detect small-volume tumors, we have seen an increasing population of men with low-risk unifocal prostate cancer. We report our safety and efficacy experience of focal cryoablation of the prostate to maintain potency and preserve genitourinary function in men with localized, unifocal disease. Methods From June 2002 to December 2005, 25 patients with primary unifocal prostate cancer were treated with focal cryoablation of the prostate. The patients were followed up with physical examinations, morbidity questionnaires, and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) determinations every 3 months for the first year and every 6 to 12 months thereafter. Patients with a PSA nadir greater than 1.0 ng/mL or a nadir plus 2 ng/mL underwent repeat biopsy to assess for cancer recurrence. Results The median age was 68 years (range 48 to 78). The median preoperative PSA level was 6.0 ng/mL, and the postoperative PSA nadir was 2.4 ng/mL. The median follow-up was 28 months. Seventeen patients remained potent. No patients reported worsened lower urinary tract symptoms, incontinence, rectal pain, perineal discomfort, or fistula formation. The median PSA nadir was 2.4 ng/mL, and 40% of patients had a PSA nadir of less than 1.0 ng/mL. Of the 25 patients, 21 (84%) had not experienced biochemical failure, defined as a greater than 50% PSA nadir reduction. Seven patients underwent repeat biopsy, and prostate cancer was detected in the contralateral gland in 2 patients and in the area of previous cryosurgery in 1 patient. Conclusions Focal cryoablation of the prostate has exhibited minimal morbidity and promising efficacy in our 3-year observation. Longer follow-up is necessary to determine its role in the treatment of patients with low-risk unifocal prostate cancer.
The Dark Side of Interpersonal Communication

Contents: Part I: Amusing & Bemusing. B.H. Spitzberg, W.R. Cupach, Disentangling the Dark Side of Interpersonal Communication. Part II: Schmoozing, Choosing, and Confusing. L. Knobloch, The Dark Side of Relational Uncertainty: Obstacle or Opportunity. T. Afifi, W. Afifi, J. Caughlin, The Dark Side (and Light Side) of Avoidance and Secrets. M. Whitty, Manipulation of Self in Cyberspace. Part III: Bruising. A.L. Vangelisti, Communicating Hurt. W.R. Cupach,"You're Bugging Me!": Complaints and Criticism From a Partner. R.M. Kowalski, Teasing and Bullying. Part IV: (Mis)Using, Accusing, and Excusing. M. Tafoya, B.H. Spitzberg, The Dark Side of Infidelity: Its Nature, Scope, and Communicative Functions. S. Metts, W.R. Cupach, Responses to Relational Transgressions: Hurt, Anger, and Sometimes Forgiveness. Part V: Abusing. S. Yoshimura, The Communication of Revenge: On the Viciousness, Virtues, and Vitality of Vengeful Behavior in Interpersonal Relationships. R. Dailey, C. Lee, B. Spitzberg, Communicative Aggression: Toward a More Interactional View of Psychological Abuse. W. Morgan, S.R. Wilson, Explaining Child Abuse as a Lack of Safe Ground. N. Eckstein, Adolescent-to-Parent Abuse: Exploring the Communicative Patterns Leading to Verbal, Physical, and Emotional Abuse.
MOOCs, Emerging Technologies, and Quality

Daily, colleagues fill my email with articles about MOOCs (Massive Open Online Courses). The comments range from “intrigued” to “outraged” and are about as interesting as the articles. The most recent email shared news of a southern land-grant university that is planning to offer a MOOC. Generally, I fall into the intrigued category; so much so that I recently spent time reading various news articles and blogs and visiting Coursera (https://www.coursera.org) and other MOOCwebsites to see what I could learn about the platform as there is very little research about this fast developing technological innovation. According to the Coursera website, 70 institutions are partners, including some of the most prestigious U.S. research universities, e.g., Yale, Michigan, Stanford, Minnesota, Florida, Virginia, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, and Georgia Institute of Technology, plus several international institutions. Courses are grouped by categories, and all are reported as free. Coursera features more than 40 people on their “team” so a business model is in place, but that is not my interest at this time. Another MOOC provider is Harvard’s edX where the slogan is “Take great courses from the world’s best universities” https://www.edx.org/. As I write this editorial, a total of 51 courses are listed from 27 universities. Again, the names are mostly well known, e.g. Berkeley, MIT, University of Washington, and a few international participants. Peking University and McGill University are two examples of institutions outside the U.S.. The course titles at both sites represent the new and the traditional: “Globalization’s Winners and Losers,” “Comic Books and Graphic Novels,” and “Introduction to Water Treatment.” One can envision practicing professionals tackling work-related courses and other students, both young and old, sampling new areas of interest. In fact, I was tempted to enroll in a course to experience the format and to engage with topics not available during my formal education. The criticisms ofMOOCs are numerous: too many students, low interactivity, poor retention rates. Actually, the numbers of students enrolled in MOOCS are overwhelming. According to a New York Times article (Lewin, 2012), as early as fall 2011, Stanford had enrolled over 100,000 persons in a course on “Machine Learning;” and 13,000 persons completed the course, while “Introduction to Databases” enrolled over 90,000 and approximately 7,000 completed the course. With these numbers, questions about active learning, quality of the learning environment, and outcomes are numerous. Most articles on MOOCs suggest that the retention rate is low, generally less than 10 %, as illustrated by the numbers for the Stanford courses. The high dropout rate is attributed to both the educational environment and the administrative structure, Innov High Educ (2013) 38:251–252 DOI 10.1007/s10755-013-9263-2
Finite element analysis of covered microstents.

Currently available neuroendovascular devices are inadequate for effective treatment of many wide-necked or fusiform intracranial aneurysms and intracranial carotid-cavernous fistulae (CCF). Placing a covered microstent across the intracranial aneurysm neck and CCF rent could restore normal vessel morphology by preventing blood flow into the aneurysm lumen or CCF rent. To fabricate covered microstents, our research group has developed highly flexible ultra thin (∼150 μm) silicone coverings and elastomerically captured them onto commercially available metal stents without stitching. Preliminary in vivo studies were conducted by placing these covered microstents in the common carotid artery of rabbits. The feasibility of using covered stents was demonstrated. However, the cover affected the deployment pressure and the stents failed occasionally during deployment due to tearing of the cover. Appropriate modeling of covered stents will assist in designing suitable coverings, and help to reduce the failure rate of covered microstents. The purpose of this study is to use the finite element method to determine the mechanical properties of the covered microstent and investigate the effects of the covering on the mechanical behavior of the covered microstent. Variations in the mechanical properties of the covered microstent such as deployment pressure, elastic recoil and longitudinal shortening due to change in thickness and material properties of the cover have been investigated. This work is also important for custom design of covered microstents such as adding cutout holes to save adjacent perforating arteries.
Capsule Commentary on Andrade et al., Clinical Benefit of American College of Chest Physicians versus European Society of Cardiology Guidelines for Stroke Prophylaxis in Atrial Fibrillation

Atrial Fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained arrhythmia encountered in clinical practice, with increasing prevalence in the aging population. About 2.2 million patients in the United States and 4.5 million patients within the European Union have AF.1 The most feared and devastating complications of AF are thromboembolism and ischemic stroke. About 15–20 % of patients suffering from AF develop strokes.2 In view of an aging population, the higher physiological propensity for bleeding in the elderly and the overwhelming issues of polypharmacy, the decision for the use of anticoagulation is critical.
Where Acute Care Meets Home Care

This article describes the unique contributions the Center of Clinical Excellence and Profes- sional Development, an acute care-based organi- zation, has made to the state home care organiza- tion to improve patient outcomes across the con- tinuum of care. Although highly skilled in specialty areas, the clinical nurse specialists in the center have applied and transferred their acute care knowledge and expertise to the home care environment. The authors were doing this to ready the home care agencies for providing care to the most challenging of home care patients in a new payment system. Since 1999, six educational programs have been provided for staff. Many home care visits have been made with the home care nurse. This relationship has been a positive one for the center staff, for home care staff, and especially for patients. educator, consultant, researcher, and one who provides leadership. During a time when CNS positions were being elim- inated across the country and locally and academic pro- grams were transitioning from CNS to nurse practitio- ner, we were fortunate to have a core group of educators (four) who were CNS educated, looking to do things differently, and anxious to meet the challenge. We had one CNS in the women and children's division who maximized the role of the CNS. Her role would be our model. We began with five. These nurses were highly specialized, and there was a need in the medical center to have medical/surgical CNSs. Fortunately, we would have access to faculty from the school of nursing who would graduate its last class in June 1997. The decision was made to maximize the role of the CNS. Historically, the CNS had been a "project" person. This is not a category of worker who survives in a financially challenging environment. From an adminis- trative perspective, we could demonstrate the value of the CNS to an academic medical center based on the acuity of the patient population and staff needs that are never ending due to the rapidly changing technology. Four positions were added in the medical/surgical area. The requirement was for an APRN (advanced practice registered nurse) license and certification in a mini- mum of one clinical specialty. Two groups were in place, and it was time to work on developing one group. A retreat in the spring of 1996 was the beginning of the center. The philosophy developed that day has guided us in our practice. The philosophy of the center is to promote a model of excellence in collaborative clinical practice to opti-
New ways of thinking about nurse scheduling

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present a new look at solving the national nursing shortage problem by discussing new approaches to minimize the impact of nursing miss‐utilization and or miss‐allocation.Design/methodology/approach – Among the approaches explored is the well‐known financial engineering derivative interest rate swap as well as new scheduling applications including inventory management and queuing models.Findings – The study found that there is great interest in the field of the nurse scheduling and staffing problem. The problems are, however, studied in isolation from one another, while their respective nature is inter‐related: staffing policies impact nursing problem model constraints. This gap may be one of the contributing factors to a well‐known gap between industry application and academic literature. Industry solutions focus encouraging the growth of nurses in the field, most of which result in a financial paradox due to increasing rate capitation for health service faciliti...
The Importance of Institution-Based Trust in Mobile Adoption with Online Shopping Applications

This paper develops a research model that examines online purchasing by consumers. A research model was built to focus on the role of trust and its impact on inertia, loyalty, satisfaction of online consumers. 1,896 consumers in the United States were surveyed using an instrument and structural equation model that yielded respectable reliability and validity. It was discovered that certain sub-constructs of trust play an important role in influencing consumers’ behavioral intention toward online shopping. Both institution-based trust and structural assurances-based trust positively influence inertia and satisfaction. The data showed that greater levels of institution-based trust leads to greater levels of online shopping satisfaction using mobile devices. However, a person’s perception of structural assurances-based trust does not significantly influence his/her loyalty toward shopping with an online vendor. This paper adds to the understanding of online purchasing. Future researchers can refine the model and instrument to further explain consumers’ acceptance of mobile online shopping applications.
Efficacy of amiodarone for refractory supraventricular tachyarrhythmias

Abstract Amiodarone was administered to 121 patients (82 males, 39 females; average age 59 years) with refractory atrial tachyarrhythmias. All patients had experienced recurrent atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, or reentrant supraventricular tachycardia previously refractory to digitalis drugs, β-adrenergic blocking agents, and an array of membrance-active preparations. Seventy-four of 121 patients (61.2%) had no evidence of organic heart disease, whereas 17 patients experienced arrhythmia as a result of coronary heart disease, nine had preexcitation syndromes, 16 had primary valvular heart disease, and five patients, had congenital heart disease. Atrial fibrillation alone or in combination with atrial flutter was the primary dysrhythmia in 95 of 121 patients (78.5%), whereas in 26 patients (21.5%) supraventricular tachycardia was the primary refractory dysrhythmia. Fifty-one patients (42%) had experienced tachyarrhythmias for more than 10 years prior to the use of amiodarone. During an average follow-up of 27.3 months, complete suppression of atrial arrhythmias occurred in 98 of 121 patients (81%), and partial suppression occurred in seven (5.8%). In 16 patients (13.2%) the drug was deemed ineffective, and in eight patients (6.6%) amiodarone was discontinued because of intolerable side effects. The average blood serum concentration among successfully treated patients was 1.9 μg/ml, whereas the average concentration for those with side effects was 2.3 μg/ml. Thus, amiodarone is an extremely effective (85%) agent for refractory atrial tachyarrhythmias. Once daily administration, generally tolerable side effects, and excellent patient tolerance render this agent an attractive option for the management of these dysrhythmias.
Public election funding, competition, and candidate gender

In 2000, Arizona and Maine implemented full public funding for state legislative elections, and Connecticut will do so in 2008. Candidates who opt to accept public funding receive grants that pay for the entire cost of their campaigns. Advocates of these so-called clean elections argue that the programs reduce quid pro quo corruption, increase electoral competitiveness, and open up the process to candidates who lack access to traditional fundraising networks (Phelps 2004). Critics respond that the Maine and Arizona public funding programs have achieved nothing, save for imposing unjust burdens on candidates who refuse to participate (Basham and Zelder 2005).
Structure–activity studies of RNA-binding oxazolidinone derivatives

Abstract The structure–activity relationship of a series of oxazolidinones binding to T-box riboswitch antiterminator RNA has been investigated. Oxazolidinones differentially substituted at C-5 were prepared and the ligand-induced fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) changes in FRET-labeled antiterminator model RNA were assayed. Both qualitative and quantitative analysis of the structure–activity relationship indicate that hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic properties play a significant role in ligand binding.
Analysis of film stability and column durability in open tubular glass capillary columns

A considerable body of knowledge on the physicochemical relationships between thin films and hard surfaces which has been amassed in other fields can assist our understanding of film stability and column durability in open tubular glass capillary columns. Reasons for the high success ratio of untreated glass columns coated by the heated-inlet-tube modification of the Golay coating technique are discussed.
Deformation twinning of an ordered binary alloy

Abstract This work involves the estimation of the effect of the long range order parameter on the twinning stress of a binary alloy for the twinning mode of the disordered lattice. The effect is assumed to be the sum of two effects of ordering which are: 1. (1) the change in stacking fault energy and 2. (2) the difference in the structure relationships between the twin and the matrix. To estimate the effect of the latter a quasichemical model for the internal energy of ordering is proposed. The model is used to calculate the atomic bond energies and the change in stacking fault energy and twinning stress with the degree of order for Cu 3 Au from the existing thermodynamic data. The results are compared with experimental data for the twinning stress of Cu 3 Au.
Vocalizations in wild canids and possible effects of domestication.

On the basis of spectrographic evidence it has been possible to identify twelve basic vocal sound types of canid species. Vocalizations may be mixed either by successive emission of two or more sound types, by superimposition of these sounds, or by a combination of these two forms. The same basic sound type may differ among canid species along the dimensions of sound duration, separation time between consecutive sounds, principle frequencies, cyclicity, and context. Developmental data indicate that domestic dogs first begin to mix sounds by successive sound emissions at about 10 days of age and later by superimposition between 2 and 3 weeks of age. The frequency of occurence of the basic sound types in different contexts varied between species but not within species. The possible effects of domestication on canid vocalizations are discussed.
Maintaining state constraints in relational databases: a proof theoretic basis

If a relational database is required to satisfy a set of integrity constraints, then when the database is updated, one must ensure that it continues to satisfy the constraints. It is desirable not to have to evaluate each constraint after each update. A method is described that takes a constraint C and a class of updates, and either proves that an update in the class cannot violate C, or produces a formula C' (a complete test) that is satisfied before the update if and only if C would continue to be satisfied were the update to occur. C' is frequently much easier to evaluate than C. In addition, a formula D (a sufficient test) is sometimes produced such that if D is satisfied before the update, then C would continue to be satisfied were the update to occur. The method is proved correct. The method is substantially more general than other reported techniques for this problem. The method has been implemented, and a number of experiments with the implementation are presented.
Partial purification of a novel mitogen for oligodendroglia

A protein with a MWapp of 50–70 kDa isolated from the salt extract of crude membranes from neonatal rat brain increases the numbers of oligodendroglia in mixed glial cultures prepared from neonatal rat cerebral white matter. After partial purification by ion exchange and gel exclusion chromatography, and elution from an SDS-polyacrylamide gel, this protein ( “oligodendroglial trophic factor,” OTF) elicited half-maximal oligodendroglial recruitment at a concentration of 5 ng/mL. OTF is a mitogen for oligodendroglia, and to a lesser extent, for oligodendroglial progenitor (O2A) cells, but does not stimulate proliferation of astroglia, Schwann cells, or endoneurial fibroblasts. OTF, unlike platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), is not an oligodendroglial survival factor. Antibodies against PDGF and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) do not interfere with the accumulation of oligodendroglia induced by OTF. When OTF is given simultaneously with either PDGF or bFGF, there is an additive increase in the numbers of cells of the oligodendroglial lineage. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Factors associated with breast recurrence in young females treated with breast conservation therapy: how young is young?

Materials/Methods: We identified 206 consecutive patients 40 years of age treated in our institution with breast conservation for invasive breast cancer between 1/1/1987 and 12/31/2000, and retrospectively reviewed their records. This cohort included 80 women 34 years old and 128 women whose age was between 35 and 40. These two groups were relatively balanced with respect to tumor and treatment characteristics. The surgical margin status was negative in 85%, close ( 2mm) in 12%, positive in 2%, and unknown in 4%. Eighty percent of patients were treated with chemotherapy and 20% of patients received tamoxifen. The majority of patients had a palpable mass (89%) and the majority of lesions could be visualized mammographically (73%).
Mitochondrial DNA-based analysis of genetic variation and relatedness among Sri Lankan indigenous chickens and the Ceylon junglefowl (Gallus lafayetti).

Indigenous chickens (IC) in developing countries provide a useful resource to detect novel genes in mitochondrial and nuclear genomes. Here, we investigated the nature and level of genetic diversity in IC from five distinct regions of Sri Lanka using a PCR-based resequencing method. Additionally, we investigated the relatedness of IC to different species of junglefowls including Ceylon (CJF; Gallus lafayetti), a subspecies that is endemic to Sri Lanka, green (Gallus varius), grey (Gallus sonneratii), and red (Gallus gallus) junglefowl. A total of 140 birds including eight CJF were used to screen 613 bp of IC and 675 bp of CJF control region of the mitochondrial DNA sequence for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and other variants. We detected and validated 44 SNPs, which formed 42 haplotypes and six haplogroups in IC. The SNPs observed in the CJF were distinct and the D-loop appeared to be missing a 62 bp found in IC and the red junglefowl (RJF). Among the six haplogroups of IC, only one was region-specific. Estimates of haplotype and nucleotide diversities ranged from 0.901 to 0.965 and from 0.011 to 0.013, respectively. Estimates of genetic divergence were inconsistent but generally low in all the regions. Further, variation among individuals within regions accounted for 92% of the total molecular variation among birds. The Sri Lankan indigenous chickens were more closely related to red and grey junglefowls than to CJF, suggesting a multiple origin. The molecular information on genetic diversity revealed in our study may be useful in developing genetic improvement and conservation strategies to better utilize indigenous Sri Lankan chicken resources.
Patch Exploitation by female Red Flour Beetles, Tribolium castaneum

The red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) has had a long association with human stored food and can be a major pest in anthropogenic structures used for the processing and storage of grain-based products. Anthropogenic structures are fragmented landscapes characterized by spatially and temporally patchy resources. Here we investigate the ability of female T. castaneum to evaluate the quality of small patches of food and to adjust the number of eggs they lay per patch (i.e., clutch size) to maximize fitness gains. In multiple choice, paired choice and no choice experiments females tended to lay more eggs in larger amounts of flour. The number of eggs that they lay in a patch of flour was consistent with that predicted to optimize production of adults from that patch (i.e., the ‘Lack’ clutch size). Progeny size was only significantly impacted in the smallest patch sizes.
Thermal expansion of unidirectional and cross-ply fibrous monoliths

An investigation of the thermal expansion behavior of ceramic fibrous monoliths (FMs) is presented. The emphasis is on the development and validation of material models applicable to Si3N4/BN FMs in both unidirectional and cross-ply architectures. Approximate analytical models are developed for the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) based on the analysis of representative unit cells of the Si3N4 fibers and the surrounding BN interphase. The pertinent cell shapes are identified from quantitative measurements on real Si3N4/ BN FMs. Corresponding finite element analyses are performed on the same unit cells for the purpose of validating the analytical models. Good agreement is obtained between the model predictions and experimental measurements of CTE. A rudimentary modification to the analytical model to account for texturing and anisotropy of the BN appears to yield adequate results. # 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
The effect of physical activity across the menstrual cycle on reproductive function

Purpose To evaluate the association between physical activity (PA) across the menstrual cycle and reproductive function.
The scientific attitude inventory: A revision (SAI II)

The Scientific Attitude Inventory (SAI) was developed and field tested 25 years ago. It has been used extensively throughout the world, and it continues to be used. Reports of its use and sugges- tions for revision provide impetus for revision. The revision retains the original position statements of at- titudes assessed and the original attitude statements with changes made only to improve readability and to eliminate gender-biased language. Also, in response to critical analysis, the SAI II uses a five-response Likert Scale. The new version is shorter, 40 items instead of 60 in the original. The SAI II was field test- ed with 557 students in Grades 6, 9, and 12. The top and bottom 27% of scorers for the total inventory were compared for the subscales. A statistically significant difference was obtained for each t-test com- parison. Face validity for the SAI II is claimed on the basis of the original judgments of a panel of judges regarding the attitude position statements which have not been altered. A split-half reliability coefficient of .805 was computed for the entire group of 557 respondents. Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient is .781. J Res Sci Teach 34: 327-336, 1997.
The simultaneous optical multiprocessor exchange bus

Low latency, high bandwidth interconnection networks that directly link arbitrary pairs of processing elements without contention are very desirable for parallel computers. Most communication networks in parallel machines have made compromises due to the limitations of electronics. Many of the optical interconnection schemes proposed have simply replaced the point-to-point copper wiring with fiber optics and have not made use of the unique properties of optics. This paper proposes an optical interconnect architecture for over a hundred processors, which contains a dedicated channel for each processor to eliminate global arbitration and to provide bandwidth that scales with the number of processors in the machine. Unlike electrical buses, this architecture is not limited by the medium (fiber optics) used to connect the transmitters and receivers. Each processor has an array of receivers, one receiver for each processor channel. The architecture of the receiver array permits a variety of different parallel programming models to be efficiently supported.
Integrating Structure and Architecture: Guidance for the Structural Engineer

AbstractNational organizations have been making efforts to implement a more integrated practice environment, as exemplified by ASCE’s aspirations shared in their vision documents or the American Institute of Architects’ launching of Integrated Project Delivery. Because architectural projects are a substantial portion of construction spending, structural engineers would benefit by increasing their integrated design skills. However, little attention has been given to the structural engineer’s role in integrating architectural design priorities with structural design priorities. A qualitative research study was launched to learn more about the components of integrated design and interviews were conducted with 84 architectural and structural practitioners. Based on the findings, there is a craft to architecturally based structural engineering, especially when the goal is integrated design. Structural engineering participation in integrated design processes was examined and the characteristics were identified,...
A priori-stochastic-optimal control †

The study of optimal control of distributed parameter systems encompasses the study of the optimal-open-loop control law. The canonical equations of the solution of the former have been derived in the literature via the calculus of variations. The authors of this paper derive the canonical equations from the equation of dynamic programming to give more insight into its solution and that of a related problem, the optimal-feedback control problem.