cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
High energy-density plasma dynamics in plasma-filled rod-pinch diodes

High energy-density plasma (HEDP) is created using a plasma-filled rod pinch diode (PFRP) [1] on the Gamble II generator. HEDP is produced by a 1-2 MeV, 500 kA electron beam that deposits energy at the end of a tungsten rod. When the rod is tapered to a point, the energy density is estimated to reach 2.4 MJ/cm3 in about 10 ns, before rapid expansion decreases the energy density. Recent measurements show that the temperature peaks at about 30 eV at the time of maximum energy density, and that the time-averaged ionization is about +17, similar to MHD model predictions [2]. The plasma mass distribution is inferred from X-ray distribution measurements. The time-dependent mass distribution is used to calculate the mass density and plasma pressure. These measurements indicate the HEDP is strongly coupled (Γ = 35) with peak pressure (16 Mb) about 7 times greater than nekT.High energy-density plasma (HEDP) is created using a plasma-filled rod pinch diode (PFRP) [1] on the Gamble II generator. HEDP is produced by a 1-2 MeV, 500 kA electron beam that deposits energy at the end of a tungsten rod. When the rod is tapered to a point, the energy density is estimated to reach 2.4 MJ/cm3 in about 10 ns, before rapid expansion decreases the energy density. Recent measurements show that the temperature peaks at about 30 eV at the time of maximum energy density, and that the time-averaged ionization is about +17, similar to MHD model predictions [2]. The plasma mass distribution is inferred from x-ray distribution measurements. The time-dependent mass distribution is used to calculate the mass density and plasma pressure. These measurements indicate the HEDP is strongly coupled (Γ = 35) with peak pressure (16 Mb) about 7 times greater than nekT.
A methodology for quantitative evaluation of software reliability using static analysis

This paper proposes a methodology for quantitative evaluation of software reliability in updated COTS or Open Source components. The model combines static analysis of existing source code modules, limited testing with execution path capture, and a series of Bayesian Belief Networks. Static analysis is used to detect faults within the source code which may lead to failure. Code coverage is used to determine which paths within the source code are executed as well as their execution rate. A series of Bayesian Belief Networks is then used to combine these parameters and estimate the reliability for each method. A second series of Bayesian Belief Networks then combines the module reliabilities to estimate the net software reliability. A proof of concept for the model is provided, as the model is applied to five different open-source applications and the results are compared with reliability estimates using the STREW (Software Testing and Early Warning) metrics. The model is shown to be highly effective and the results are within the confidence interval for the STREW reliability calculations, and typically the results differed by less than 2%. This model offers many benefits to practicing software engineers. Through the usage of this model, it is possible to quickly assess the reliability of a given release of a software module supplied by an external vendor to determine whether it is more or less reliable than a previous release. The determination can be made independent of any knowledge of the developer's software development process and without any development metrics.
Effects of Feedback on the Self-Confidence of Men and Women

In this article the author discusses research she conducted that examined why women do not perform at the same level as men in organizational settings. She notes that, while progress in being made,...
Effect of insulin therapy on lipoproteins in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM)

Abstract Thirty patients with NIDDM and severe hyperglycemia (fasting plasma glucose > 200 mg/dl) were initiated on insulin therapy. Lipoprotein concentrations were measured by the Vertical Autoprofile procedure before insulin therapy and 1, 3, 6 and 26 weeks after insulin initiation. Patients were divided into 4 phenotypes based on their pretreatment lipoprotein profile: HyperVLDL (elevated VLDL), HyperLDL (elevated LDL), HyperVLDL-LDL (elevated VLDL and LDL), and non-hyperlipidemic. There were no differences in the initial fasting plasma glucose, Hgb Alc, or fasting free insulin concentrations between the groups. Both the HyperVLDL and HyperLDL groups had significantly lower HDL-C concentrations that the non-hyperlipidemic group and the HyperVLDL-LDL group had significantly higher IDL-C than any of the other groups. Insulin therapy resulted in similar decreases in fasting plasma glucose and increases in fasting free insulin concentrations in all 4 groups. HDL-C increased in all 4 groups. The most marked improvements in HDL-C were seen in the non-hyperlipidemic (+37%) and HyperLDL (+42%) groups while the HyperVLDL group had only an 18% increase. VLDL-C fell in all groups but in the HyperVLDL group it fell dramatically to almost normal levels within the first week, whereas it took 6 weeks for the HyperVLDL-LDL group to reach its VLDL-C nadir and this was still significantly higher than normal LDL-C improved modestly in only the HyperLDL patients after 6 weeks of insulin therapy. There were no statistically significant changes in either the IDL-C or Lp(a)-C in any of the groups during insulin therapy. The changes in HDL-C and IDL-C were negatively correlated with the fasting plasma glucose and Hgb Alc but not with the free insulin concentration. We conclude that: 1) Insulin therapy can cause dramatic improvements in HDL-C and VLDL-C while it has only a mild suppressive effect on LDL-C and no statistically significant effect on IDL-C or Lp(a)-C. The degree of improvement in the lipid profiles varied considerably between the different lipid phenotypes. 2) The hyperlipidemic phenotypes seen in these appear to be determined primary factors other than the degree of hyperglycemia and hypoinsulinemia.
A Novel Flow-Perfusion Bioreactor Supports 3D Dynamic Cell Culture

Background. Bone engineering requires thicker three-dimensional constructs than the maximum thickness supported by standard cell-culture techniques (2 mm). A flow-perfusion bioreactor was developed to provide chemotransportation to thick (6 mm) scaffolds. Methods. Polyurethane scaffolds, seeded with murine preosteoblasts, were loaded into a novel bioreactor. Control scaffolds remained in static culture. Samples were harvested at days 2, 4, 6, and 8 and analyzed for cellular distribution, viability, metabolic activity, and density at the periphery and core. Results. By day 8, static scaffolds had a periphery cell density of 6 7 % ± 5 . 0 % , while in the core it was 0 . 3 % ± 0 . 3 % . Flow-perfused scaffolds demonstrated peripheral cell density of 9 4 % ± 8 . 3 % and core density of 7 6 % ± 3 . 1 % at day 8. Conclusions. Flow perfusion provides chemotransportation to thick scaffolds. This system may permit high throughput study of 3D tissues in vitro and enable prefabrication of biological constructs large enough to solve clinical problems.
Kinetic aspects of the irreversible inhibition of trypsin and related enzymes byp‐[m(m‐Fluorosulfonylphenylureido)phenoxyethoxy] benzamidine

In recent years Baker and Erickson have achieved considerable success in producing potent active-sitedirected irreversible inhibtors of trypsin [ 1, 21. These compounds are derivatives of (phenoxyalkoxy)benzamidine and they undergo covalent bonding to the enzym: with the help of a terminal sulfonylfluoride group. One of the strongest inhibitors was found in p-[m(m-fluorosulfonylphenylureido)phenoxyethoxy] benzamidine [ 21:
Dietary cholesterol opposes PUFA-mediated repression of the stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 gene by SREBP-1 independent mechanism

Stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) catalyzes the rate-limiting step in the cellular synthesis of monounsaturated fatty acids, mainly oleate (18:1) and palmitoleate (16:1), which are the major monounsaturated fatty acids of membrane phospholipids, cholesteryl esters, waxes, and triglycerides. The mouse expresses three well-characterized SCD genes (SCD1, 2, and 3). SCD1 is the main isoform expressed in the liver of mice. Previous in vivo studies have shown that the transcriptional repression by n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and the induction by cholesterol of the SCD1 gene are dependent on the maturation of the sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c). We studied the regulation of SREBP-1, SCD1, and other SREBP-1 target genes when a high cholesterol diet is combined with PUFA as n-6 PUFA rich soybean oil (SO), or n-3 PUFA rich fish oil (FO). While the PUFA/cholesterol (PUFA/CH) diets repressed the maturation of the SREBP-1, the SCD1 mRNA levels, and protein and enzyme activity were induced. Compared with PUFA diets, hepatic cholesterol ester and triglyceride were enriched with 16:1 and 18:1 monounsaturated fatty acids in mice fed PUFA/CH diets. Total plasma cholesterol levels were not altered but plasma triglycerides were reduced in SO/CH-fed mice compared with SO-fed mice. The mRNA for SREBP-1 was increased by the PUFA/CH diet but the mRNA levels of SREBP-1 target genes such as fatty acid synthase and LDL receptor were decreased, indicating that the main control of PUFA-mediated suppression of SREBP-1 target genes is the maturation of SREBP-1. This study demonstrates that cholesterol overrides the PUFA-mediated repression of the SCD1 gene and regulates SCD1 gene expression through a mechanism independent of SREBP-1 maturation.
KChAP: a novel chaperone for specific K(+) channels key to repolarization of the cardiac action potential. Focus on "KChAP as a chaperone for specific K(+) channels".

the biosynthesis of ion channels is complex, and its tight regulation occurs at different levels, i.e., gene expression, transcription, as well as pre- and posttranscriptional processing ([7][1]). During the last 10 years, emphasis has focused primarily on subunit organization of ion channels, their
Avalon and Clo Mor: two new Sakhalin group viruses from the North Atlantic.

Two new members of the Sakhalin serogroup were identified by complement-fixation tests. Avalon (prototype CanAr 173) was isolated from 3 lots of Ixodes uriae and the blood of a Herring Gull ( Larus argentatus ) chick collected in a Common Puffin ( Fratercula arctica ) colony on Great Island, Newfoundland, Canada. Clo Mor (prototype ScotAr 7) was recovered from a pool of I. uriae collected in a Common Murre ( Uria aalge ) colony at Clo Mor, Cape Wrath, Scotland. Both viruses are sensitive to lipid solvents, resistant to acidic pH, and do not hemagglutinate goose erythrocytes. Biological characteristics of both viruses in selected laboratory animals by various inoculation routes are reported. Viremia was demonstrated in suckling mice inoculated by peripheral routes with Clo Mor, but not Avalon, virus; viremia was not detected in weanling mice or baby chicks. Neither virus replicated in Aedes aegvpti, Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus , or Anopheles quadrimaculatus following intrathoracic inoculation. Neutralizing antibody to Avalon, but not Clo Mor, virus was demonstrated in L. argentatus, F. arctica , and Oceanodroma leucorhoa on Great Island. Antigenic, physicochemical, and ecological properties of the serogroup are discussed.
Recent advances in technetium halide chemistry.

Transition metal binary halides are fundamental compounds, and the study of their structure, bonding, and other properties gives chemists a better understanding of physicochemical trends across the periodic table. One transition metal whose halide chemistry is underdeveloped is technetium, the lightest radioelement. For half a century, the halide chemistry of technetium has been defined by three compounds: TcF6, TcF5, and TcCl4. The absence of Tc binary bromides and iodides in the literature was surprising considering the existence of such compounds for all of the elements surrounding technetium. The common synthetic routes that scientists use to obtain binary halides of the neighboring elements, such as sealed tube reactions between elements and flowing gas reactions between a molecular complex and HX gas (X = Cl, Br, or I), had not been reported for technetium. In this Account, we discuss how we used these routes to revisit the halide chemistry of technetium. We report seven new phases: TcBr4, TcBr3, α/...
Weaning Traits of Angus, Brahman, Charolais and F1 Crosses of these Breeds

SUMMARY Angus (A), Brahman (B), and Charolais (C) cattle were straightbred and reciprocally crossed in all possible 2-breed combinations. An average of 91 progeny were produced in each of the nine subclasses. The traits studied included weaning age, condition score, 205-day weight and weaning weight. Overall least squares means for calf age at
New York University Experience and Prone Positioning

Prone positioning presents several advantages over standard supine positioning for breast irradiation. First, treatment in the prone position drastically reduces the respiratory excursion of the chest and enables better exclusion of the heart and lung from the trajectory of the tangent beams, resulting in consistent dosimetric advantages in sparing normal tissue. Moreover, with gravity displacing the breast from the prone chest wall, the incidence and severity of acute and late adverse skin effects at the inframammary fold are reduced, particularly for women with large and/or pendulous breasts. Originally devised at the University of Southern California [1], the prone breast irradiation program has been studied and further defined at New York University [2]. The rapidly identified dosimetric advantages of prone breast treatment facilitated methodic testing of the feasibility and efficacy of hypofractionated regimens. Over more than a decade, several prospective trials have investigated the optimal prescription dose/fractionation to the whole breast, the timing of lumpectomy bed boost, and the efficacy of prone partial breast irradiation.
HitchHike: Practical Backscatter Using Commodity WiFi

We present HitchHike, a low power backscatter system that can be deployed entirely using commodity WiFi infrastructure. With HitchHike, a low power tag reflects existing 802.11b transmissions from a commodity WiFi transmitter, and the backscattered signals can then be decoded as a standard WiFi packet by a commodity 802.11b receiver. Hitch-Hike's key invention is a novel technique called codeword translation, which allows a backscatter tag to embed its information on standard 802.11b packets by just translating the original transmitted 802.11b codeword to another valid 802.11b codeword. This allows any 802.11b receiver to decode the backscattered packet, thus opening the doors for widespread deployment of low-power backscatter communication using widely available WiFi infrastructure. We show experimentally that HitchHike can achieve an uplink throughput of up to 300Kbps at ranges of up to 34m and ranges of up to 54m where it achieves a throughput of around 200Kbps.
Cross-cultural adjustment of expatriates: Exploring factors influencing adjustment of expatriates in Nigeria

Globalization and quests for global presence have led multinational corporations (MNCs) to expand into newer markets with high returns. This expansion has increased competition for talented workers...
Reliability and Validity of the 5-Item Language - Based Latino Acculturation Scale

While there are several reliable and valid measures of Latino acculturation in use, they are relatively expensive to administer and analyze because of their length. Although Marin et. al , 1987 12-item acculturation scale is quite appropriate, factor analytic results suggest the feasibility of a shorter, 5-item scale focused on language use alone. This study investi­gates the psychometric properties of that Language Scale by comparing it with the longer 20-item Acculturation Rating Scale for Mexican Americans. Results indicate the proposed scale 5-item scale has high reliability and validity. The Language Scale does not have suf­ficient precision to measure the extent to which persons incorporate both their host and birth cultures. It adequately measures the extent to which the host culture has become familiar or remains unfamiliar to the individual. In some instances, the use of a lengthier scale may not be required, and may even be counterproductive. This is true in some appli­cations, such as clinical trials, pilot studies, and longitudinal studies where the use of the proposed shorter scale can be useful. It applies specially to research situations when inves­tigators wish merely to control for acculturation, rather than study acculturation as a phe­nomenon in its own right.
Mediating Nations and Generations: The Yemenite Jewish Marital Henna Ceremony

ABSTRACTThis paper examines the consequences of a large-scale emigration to Israel by the Yemenite Jewish population in the late 1940's. The foci for this examination are the marriage patterns of this population across the three generations directly affected by the emigration. More specifically, the fate of the henna, a premarital ceremony revered by the Yemenite Jews, is examined as it has changed in form and function over time and space. An ethnographic study of the Yemenite Jewish henna ceremony as it is currently practiced today illuminates the consequences of this populations’ adaptation to contemporary Israel society. The author suggests that the henna ceremony is a valuable fluid cultural form that enables the Yemenite Jewish population to mediate between its history in Yemen and its migratory experience in Israel.
PCM Main Reliability Features

To enable commercialization of phase change memory (PCM), the component must be able to operate reliably over the application lifetime. This requires the ability to retain data from 5 to 10 years and at temperatures of 85 °C or higher, tolerate high write cycles (typically greater than 105), and be free of read disturbs. For PCM the primary risk of data loss is undesired crystallization of the amorphous (RESET) material phase. This process is stochastic in nature and is accelerated by both temperature and electrical bias. Write endurance in PCM is dependent upon both the chalcogenide as well as the surrounding electrode materials and manufacturing scheme. Due to the potential of the materials to interact at the high programming temperature, these materials must be carefully chosen and integrated to enable a highly reliable cell. With proper device and manufacturing design, the ability to achieve these requirements has been demonstrated in commercial memory products. In addition, as PCM data storage is not based on trapped charge (as in the prevailing floating gate memory devices), it can support applications with radiation-tolerant requirements.
Homing in: Mechanisms of Substrate Targeting by Protein Kinases

Protein phosphorylation is the most common reversible post-translational modification in eukaryotes. Humans have over 500 protein kinases, of which more than a dozen are established targets for anticancer drugs. All kinases share a structurally similar catalytic domain, yet each one is uniquely positioned within signaling networks controlling essentially all aspects of cell behavior. Kinases are distinguished from one another based on their modes of regulation and their substrate repertoires. Coupling specific inputs to the proper signaling outputs requires that kinases phosphorylate a limited number of sites to the exclusion of hundreds of thousands of off-target phosphorylation sites. Here, we review recent progress in understanding mechanisms of kinase substrate specificity and how they function to shape cellular signaling networks.
Important Late-Stage Symbiotic Role of the Sinorhizobium Meliloti Exopolysaccharide Succinoglycan

ABSTRACT Sinorhizobium meliloti enters into beneficial symbiotic interactions with Medicago species of legumes. Bacterial exopolysaccharides play critical signaling roles in infection thread initiation and growth during the early stages of root nodule formation. After endocytosis of S. meliloti by plant cells in the developing nodule, plant-derived nodule-specific cysteine-rich (NCR) peptides mediate terminal differentiation of the bacteria into nitrogen-fixing bacteroids. Previous transcriptional studies showed that the intensively studied cationic peptide NCR247 induces expression of the exo genes that encode the proteins required for succinoglycan biosynthesis. In addition, genetic studies have shown that some exo mutants exhibit increased sensitivity to the antimicrobial action of NCR247. Therefore, we investigated whether the symbiotically active S. meliloti exopolysaccharide succinoglycan can protect S. meliloti against the antimicrobial activity of NCR247. We discovered that high-molecular-weight forms of succinoglycan have the ability to protect S. meliloti from the antimicrobial action of the NCR247 peptide but low-molecular-weight forms of wild-type succinoglycan do not. The protective function of high-molecular-weight succinoglycan occurs via direct molecular interactions between anionic succinoglycan and the cationic NCR247 peptide, but this interaction is not chiral. Taken together, our observations suggest that S. meliloti exopolysaccharides not only may be critical during early stages of nodule invasion but also are upregulated at a late stage of symbiosis to protect bacteria against the bactericidal action of cationic NCR peptides. Our findings represent an important step forward in fully understanding the complete set of exopolysaccharide functions during legume symbiosis. IMPORTANCE Symbiotic interactions between rhizobia and legumes are economically important for global food production. The legume symbiosis also is a major part of the global nitrogen cycle and is an ideal model system to study host-microbe interactions. Signaling between legumes and rhizobia is essential to establish symbiosis, and understanding these signals is a major goal in the field. Exopolysaccharides are important in the symbiotic context because they are essential signaling molecules during early-stage symbiosis. In this study, we provide evidence suggesting that the Sinorhizobium meliloti exopolysaccharide succinoglycan also protects the bacteria against the antimicrobial action of essential late-stage symbiosis plant peptides.
Short-term evaluation of hepatic toxicity of titanium dioxide nanofiber (TDNF).

AbstractVarious in vitro and in vivo studies have shown titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TDNPs) increase the production of reactive oxygen species and change the expression of genes and proteins inv...
Antibiotic use and emerging resistance: how can resource-limited countries turn the tide?

Antibiotic resistance is a global crisis driven by appropriate and inappropriate antibiotic use to treat human illness and promote animal growth. The antimicrobial resistance epidemic continues to spread due to the triple threat of unfettered access, minimal product regulation and oversight of antibiotic prescription, and lack of clinical diagnostic tools to support antibiotic de-escalation in low-resource settings. In high-resource settings, evidence-based strategies have improved the appropriateness of antibiotic use, limiting the spread of drug-resistant organisms and reducing hospital-associated infections, strategies which may also be effective to stop the spread of resistance in resource-poor countries. Current research and surveillance efforts on antimicrobial resistance and hospital-associated infections in low-resource settings are extremely limited and largely focused on intensive care units. Many challenges exist to improving antibiotic use and infection control in resource-limited settings, and turning the tide requires intensifying research and surveillance, antimicrobial stewardship, and developing new bedside diagnostic tools for bacterial infections and antimicrobial susceptibility. Highlights Antibiotic resistance is a global crisis driven by appropriate and inappropriate antibiotic use. Resistance is driven by unfettered access and lack of product regulation and clinical diagnostic tools. Research and surveillance in low-resource settings is extremely limited and should be intensified. Antimicrobial stewardship and new bedside diagnostic tools are also needed to turn the tide.
SpokeIt: building a mobile speech therapy experience

SpokeIt is a mobile serious game for health designed to support speech articulation therapy. Here, we present SpokeIt as well as 2 preceding speech therapy prototypes we built, all of which use a novel offline critical speech recognition system capable of providing feedback in real-time. We detail key design motivations behind each of them and report on their potential to help adults with speech impairment co-occurring with developmental disabilities. We conducted a qualitative within-subject comparative study on 5 adults within this target group, who played all 3 prototypes. This study yielded refined functional requirements based on user feedback, relevant reward systems to implement based on user interest, and insights on the preferred hybrid game structure, which can be useful to others designing mobile games for speech articulation therapy for a similar target group.
Children with Learning Disabilities or Specific Learning Disorders

In this chapter, primary care providers learn about what learning disabilities or specific learning disorders are, as described in the DSM-5. Processes for diagnosis and assessment are reviewed. The concept of a nonverbal disability is also discussed. Prevalence, clinical expression, and etiology are highlighted. Implications for treatment are also provided.
HIV and Blood Safety

The HIV epidemic was a pivotal point in the history of infectious disease, transfusion-transmitted infections, and blood banking. In taking a retrospective look at the spread of the disease, there is often scrutiny of public health agencies and the blood banking community. Here we present a sequential timeline of events as they occurred in the early 1980s in order to better understand the scientific progress during the epidemic and use it as a tool to enhance our response to novel infections in the future. Although the response to the AIDS epidemic may have been perceived as inadequate from some vantage points, it is essential to examine clinical and federal decision-making after a review of the information available at the time. Decades after its discovery, HIV evades definitive treatment, so we continue to screen for the virus and uphold an extremely low threshold for risk that is not comparable to any other area of medicine. An emerging infection as impactful as HIV is difficult to imagine, but we must reflect on the lessons learned from history to effectively test our blood supply and continue delivering the safest blood products possible.
Design of firm‐specific training in an agency relationship: Who should take the initiative?

This paper considers the twofold problem of compensation contracting and the design of a human capital investment scheme. Before contracting, the principal and the agent can engage in a joint stochastic production process of exerting effort to raise the agent's productivity in the firm. The principal can employ synchronous effort exertion, or either actor can assume a leadership role. We determine which organizational design is best for the principal at the endogenously optimal compensation contract, depending on how the efforts interact.
Cerebrospinal Fluid Pressure Dynamics and the Pulsatile Component of the Translaminar Pressure Gradient

Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a disease characterized by abnormal high intracranial pressure (ICP) with unknown etiology. Factors such as obesity and stenosis of the venous sinus are potentially linked. Symptoms mainly include persistent associated headache, pulsatile tinnitus, vomiting, cranial nerve palsies, and visual disturbances such as photophobia. Response to medical or surgical treatment is variable by patient.
Prime Triangular Matrices of Integers

Abstract Consider lower triangular n ×n matrices of integers, which will be represented by capital letters. Let I be identity, and call A1, …, Am relatively prime on the right (similarly on the left) if there exist X1, …, Xm such that A1X1 +…+AmXm = I. Call A prime on the right (similarly, on the left) if A is relatively prime on the right to pI for all primes p except for one. Call A a uniprime if its determinant is ± a prime. Let the cross-trace of two matrices A = (aij) and B = (bij) be ctr(A, B) = (a11, b11) + … + (ann, bnn). Let A divide B on the right, A/RB (similarly, on the left, A/LB), if there exists Q such that B = QA. Let A divide B, A/B, if A/R B or A/LB. Let R be a prime if R/AB implies RA or R/B. Then: Theorem I.A and B are relatively prime on the right iff ctr(A, B) = n iff A and B are relatively prime on the left. Theorem II.A is prime on the right iff det A = pk for some prime p and positive integer k iff A is prime on the left. Theorem III.If there are Q, R, and S with det S≠0, ± 1 such that A = SQ, B = SR, then A and B are not relatively prime on the right, but the converse is false. Theorem IV.If det A≠0, ± 1, then A can be expressed as the product of uniprimes. Theorem V. For n > 2, R = (rij) is a prime iff R is a uniprime with rij = ± 1, 2 ≤j ≤n-1. For n = 2, R is a prime iff R is a uniprime.
HSS@Home, Physical Therapist-Led Telehealth Care Navigation for Arthroplasty Patients: A Retrospective Case Series:

BackgroundAs the rate of total joint arthroplasties performed in the USA continues to increase, so does the push for more value-based care. Bundled payments have encouraged organizations to be crea...
Following Schrödinger's Code: A Personal Journey.

On a wintery afternoon over 60 years ago, I was browsing the Baker Library stacks at Dartmouth College and stumbled across a small book with an arresting title: What Is Life? [Schrodinger, E. What ...
Electrical Conductivity of Graphene–Polymer Composite Foams: A Computational Study

We use a combination of the coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations and finite difference method calculations to study electromechanical coupling in composite polymer/graphene foams. In these foams, graphene sheets (G-sheets) cover the surface of the foam cells resulting in a percolating network of graphene sheets. Our simulations have shown that upon uniaxial deformation or under foam swelling conditions, the percolating network of the G-sheets breaks down. This breakdown is manifested as an increase of the foamʼs electrical resistance. The disruption of the graphene networks occurs through crack formation of the G-shells covering the surfaces of the polymeric foam cells. These cracks are responsible for the hysteresis in electromechanical foam properties observed during loading–unloading cycles. In particular, for uniaxial foam deformations, it requires the application of a compressive stress for the foam to retain its initial dimensions. Comparison between uniaxial and swelling foam deformations ...
Assessing the impact of an animal-assisted intervention for jail inmates

The rate of serious psychological distress among jail inmates (26.4%) is significantly higher than the rate (5%) among the general adult population. The current study is an exploration of the psych...
Cisplatin Induced the Expression of SEI1 (TRIP-Br1) Oncogene in Human Oral Squamous Cancer Cell Lines.

Background/aim Aberrant expression of the SEI1 oncogene has been prevalently found in a variety of human cancers, including oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Recent studies have shown that cisplatin up-regulates the expression of SEI1 in breast and bladder cancer cells, thus inhibiting apoptosis and cell death in these cells. In the present study, we investigated the impact of cisplatin on the expression of SEI1 in OSCC cells. Materials and methods Four OSCC cell lines, CAL27, SCC4, SCC15, and SCC22A were treated with cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil, and changes in SEI1 expression in these cells were evaluated using quantitative Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR) analyses. Results Cisplatin significantly induced SEI1 expression in the tested OSCC cells. Contrarily, cisplatin treatment did not affect the expression of gankyrin and BMI1, two oncogenes frequently overexpressed in a coordinate manner with SEI1 in OSCC. Additionally, 5-fluorouracil did not bring about any detectable changes in SEI1 expression in these cells. Conclusion Cisplatin-induced up-regulation of SEI1 expression in OSCC is specific, and such induction could underlie the development of resistance to cisplatin in OSCC.
Simple Manometric Index for Comprehensive Esophagogastric Junction Barrier Competency Against Gastroesophageal Reflux

Background The esophagogastric junction (EGJ) is an anatomic and physiologic barrier against gastroesophageal reflux. Comprehensive evaluation of EGJ barrier parameters using high-resolution manometry in patients with GERD has not been well established. We propose a simple index for comprehensive EGJ antireflux competency. Study Design Patients who underwent high-resolution manometry and 24-hour pH monitoring between January 2017 and September 2018 were included. Of these, patients with normal esophageal motility were selected. EGJ antireflux competency was assessed based on the following 3 categories: anatomic configuration of the EGJ complex (ie EGJ morphology), backflow-preventive pressure on the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) (ie LES pressure integral), and backflow-promotive pressure across the LES (ie thoracoabdominal pressure gradient). Each category was scored on a scale of 0 to 2, applying clinically meaningful divisions, and a cumulative score was calculated (EGJ index: 0 to 6 points). DeMeester score > 14.72 indicated GERD. Results In total, 259 patients met study criteria. Of these, GERD was noted in 109 patients (42.1%). The pH parameters were gradually exacerbated, depending on the EGJ index. Good correlations were seen between EGJ index and previously proposed parameters for EGJ disruption, including LES length, LES pressure, and LES pressure integral (area under the curve > 0.9 [excellent validation]). No patient had GERD if the EGJ index score was 0. However, GERD was seen in as high as 85.7% of patients with the highest score of 6. Conclusions EGJ disruption severity was clearly graded based on a simple scoring method, which can improve evaluation and development of clinical strategies for GERD.
All Bacteroides Are Equal but Some Are More Equal than Others For the Induction of IgA.

The microbiota is necessary for the induction of intestinal immunoglobulin A (IgA). In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, Yang et al. (2020) show that the ability to induce or suppress IgA is characteristic of specific strains of Bacteroides ovatus. Immunogenicity and IgA induction by the microbiota is determined by inter-bacterial interaction.
Human motion component and envelope characterization via wireless wearable sensors

The characterization of limb biomechanics has broad implications for analyzing and managing motion in aging, sports, and disease. Motion capture videography and on-body wearable sensors are powerful tools for characterizing linear and angular motions of the body, though are often cumbersome, limited in detection, and largely non-portable. Here we examine the feasibility of utilizing an advanced wearable sensor, fabricated with stretchable electronics, to characterize linear and angular movements of the human arm for clinical feedback. A wearable skin-adhesive patch with embedded accelerometer and gyroscope (BioStampRC, MC10 Inc.) was applied to the volar surface of the forearm of healthy volunteers. Arms were extended/flexed for the range of motion of three different regimes: 1) horizontal adduction/abduction 2) flexion/extension 3) vertical abduction. Data were streamed and recorded revealing the signal “pattern” of movement in three separate axes. Additional signal processing and filtering afforded the ability to visualize these motions in each plane of the body; and the 3-dimensional motion envelope of the arm. Each of the three motion regimes studied had a distinct pattern – with identifiable qualitative and quantitative differences. Integration of all three movement regimes allowed construction of a “motion envelope,” defining and quantifying motion (range and shape – including the outer perimeter of the extreme of motion – i.e. the envelope) of the upper extremity. The linear and rotational motion results from multiple arm motions match measurements taken with videography and benchtop goniometer. A conformal, stretchable electronic motion sensor effectively captures limb motion in multiple degrees of freedom, allowing generation of characteristic signatures which may be readily recorded, stored, and analyzed. Wearable conformal skin adherent sensor patchs allow on-body, mobile, personalized determination of motion and flexibility parameters. These sensors allow motion assessment while mobile, free of a fixed laboratory environment, with utility in the field, home, or hospital. These sensors and mode of analysis hold promise for providing digital “motion biomarkers” of health and disease.
Flattening the (BMI) Curve: Timing of Child Obesity Onset and Cardiovascular Risk.

The worldwide prevalence and severity of childhood obesity has steadily risen over the last 50 years.1 Although there have been some indicators of recent stabilization,2 it has been suggested that we have simply reached our upper genetic limit.3 Whether this is true, the current prevalence is shockingly high; one-third of children aged 2 to 19 have a BMI >85th percentile, and 18.5% have a BMI >95th percentile,4 consequently affecting 13.7 million children in the United States and 340 million children worldwide. It makes intuitive sense that childhood obesity is a serious health problem. However, at exactly what age obesity begins to predict future disease has proven an elusive question. The evidence is clear that (1) child obesity predicts adult obesity,5 (2) adult obesity predicts cardiometabolic disease and early mortality,6 and (3) obesity in late adolescence predicts early mortality, the majority of which is related to cardiovascular disease.7 But is obesity something to be concerned about in a 3-year-old? Researchers in previous studies have demonstrated that single time-point measures … Address correspondence to Sarah Armstrong, MD, Duke Clinical Research Institute, 200 Morris St, Durham, NC 27701. E-mail: sarah.c.armstrong{at}duke.edu
The magnetic Aharonov-Bohm effect: forces and phase shifts for quantum sensor design

Recent experiments with the Aharonov-Bohm geometry have shown that in addition to an electron-interference fringe shift, there is also a lateral displacement of the electron diffraction envelope. In this paper, we derive an electron displacement force based on a second-order expansion of the magnetic vector potential. The analysis illustrates the conservation of canonical angular momentum, where the mechanical angular momentum and field angular momentum sum to a constant of the motion; the azimuthal force required to change the mechanical momentum is thus supplied by changes in field momentum associated with the second-order vector potential term. Our results are consistent with all known Aharonov-Bohm experiments, including interference fringe shifts, lateral displacements, and the absence of longitudinal time delays.
COVID-19 will forever change the landscape of telemedicine.

Purpose of review The COVID-19 pandemic has had unprecedented global effects, yet the rapid emergence of telehealth across the globe has allowed healthcare professionals to connect virtually with patients and families while following safe social distancing guidelines. Telehealth has been used relatively well in patients from remote regions with limited access to subspecialty healthcare providers. This article discusses novel ways of using telehealth during the current pandemic and measures that would need to be taken to sustain telehealth and teleconsultations. Recent findings Telehealth has expanded to outpatient pediatric cardiology clinics across the globe during the pandemic. Technological advancements in video conferencing and the abundance of readily available wearable devices have allowed cardiologists to establish a preliminary diagnosis and set forth a treatment plan. Additional support by insurance providers and relaxation of mandatory regulations by the government have allowed telehealth to succeed during the pandemic. Although many subdisciplines within pediatric cardiology can be easily adapted into a sustainable telehealth model, some unique patient interactions, such as fetal cardiology, exercise physiology, and echocardiograms cannot be done remotely. The field of telehealth medicine with HIPAA-compliant programs and both insurance and government support should remain in our armamentarium of available resources for all patients and families. Summary Although not unique to pediatric cardiology, telehealth has emerged as an avenue to perform an initial evaluation and even establish a care pathway for patients. It is well recognized that telehealth visits will not supplant all patient--physician interactions but is a very acceptable first step in the majority of cases and can often steer the patient to subsequently undergo more selective and streamlined care.
Keck Spectroscopy of Four Quasi-stellar Object Host Galaxies

We present optical spectroscopy of the host galaxies of four quasi-stellar objects (QSOs)—PG 1444+407, PKS 2349-147, 3C 323.1, and 4C 31.63—having a redshift range 0.1 ≤ z ≤ 0.3. The spectra were obtained at the Keck Observatory with the Low Resolution Imaging Spectrograph instrument offset 2''-4'' from the nucleus at several position angles in each galaxy. The objects close to 3C 323.1 and PKS 2349-147 have the same redshifts as their nearby QSOs and appear to be the nuclei of galaxies in the final states of merging with the host galaxies. The spectra of the hosts show some variety: PKS 2349-147 and 3C 323.1 show strong off-nuclear emission lines plus stellar absorption features, while the other two show only stellar absorption. PKS 2349-147 and PG 1444+407 have a mixture of old and moderately young stars, while 4C 31.63 has the spectrum of a normal giant elliptical galaxy, which is very rare in our larger sample. The spectrum of the host of 3C 323.1 appears to be dominated by older stars, although our data for it are of lower quality. The redshifts of the off-nucleus emission lines and stellar components are very close to those of the associated QSOs.
Myth-busting strategies for ovine progressive pneumonia virus (OPPv) control

This paper reviews the latest information on the spread and control of ovine progressive pneumonia virus (OPPv). Infected adult animals serve as the reservoir for the virus, and the virus is spread to genetically susceptible animals through respiratory secretions. It is now known that transmission of the virus through the colostrum and milk is not a significant risk factor. Control programs consist of segregating testnegative animals from those testing positive, and selecting replacement animals that have protective genotypes.
Deep Learning and Time-Series Analysis for the Early Detection of Lost Circulation Incidents During Drilling Operations

Drilling operations consist of breaking the rock to deepen a wellbore for oil or gas extraction. A drilling fluid, circulating from the surface through the drill pipe and from the annulus to the surface, is used to remove rock cuttings and maintain hydrostatic pressure. Drilling fluid lost circulation incidents (LCIs) are major sources of non-productive time (NPT) in drilling operations. These incidents occur due to preexisting natural fractures (vugs, caverns, etc.) and/or drilling-induced hydraulic fractures. The initiation of an LCI could lead to other hazardous drilling phenomena, such as formation influx or kick/blowout, stuck pipe incidents, among others. LCIs are typically monitored at the rig site by observing drilling fluid levels in the fluid tanks. This manual process incurs missing the occurrence or late detection of LCIs. Machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) classification algorithms are powerful in processing time-series data and achieving early detection of such temporal phenomena. In this study, we performed a large-scale analysis of the surface drilling and rheology data obtained from historical wells with LCIs. This analysis includes primary and secondary preprocessing steps including, aggressive sampling, feature engineering, and window normalization to derive generalizable DL models for real-time operations. Focal loss was utilized to account for data class imbalance and train robust and generalizable models. The results obtained from different ML/DL algorithms showed that one-dimensional convolutional neural network models resulted in the best performance with state-of-the-art precision, recall, and F1 scores of 87.34%, 73.40%, and 79.77%, respectively, on unseen test drilling data.
In vitro and in vivo characterization of the CDK2 inhibitor PHA-533533

824 The Cyclin Dependent Kinase 2 (CDK2) is a serine threonine kinase. It is heterodimer composed of a catalytic subunit, CDK2, and one of two activating subunits, cyclin E or cyclin A. The two isoforms of the kinase have distinct roles during the cell cycle. CDK2/cyclin E is mainly involved in progression through G1/S, centrosome duplication, and DNA replication. CDK2/cyclin A is a key regulator of the G2/M progression. Observations supporting the use of a CDK2 inhibitors in a clinical setting are abundant: The activating subunits of CDK2, cyclin A and E, are frequently overexpressed in tumors, and a negative regulator of CDK2 activity, p27kip1, is frequently down regulated in tumors. Our hypothesis is that deregulated activity of CDK2 complexes is a contributing factor to tumor cell growth; therefore we expect that the inhibition of the kinase could block the tumor cell proliferation. In the poster, the in vitro and in vivo characterization of the mode of action of a CDK2 inhibitor, PHA-533533, will be presented. In particular, the effects of PHA-533533 on different phases of the cell cycle using synchronized tumor cells. In addition, in vivo efficacy and mode of action data will be presented. The data indicate that activity of PHA-533533 is consistant with that of a CDK2 inhibitor and that inhibition of CDK2 adversely affects tumor cell growth in vitro and in vivo.
PYRIDOXINE-RESPONSIVE ANEMIA--PROTOTYPE AND VARIATIONS ON THE THEME.

Publisher Summary Although anemia associated with vitamin Bs deprivation was characterized in animals very soon after recognition of the vitamin, there was a delay of several years before spontaneously occurring anemia responsive to pyridoxine was documented in human beings. The first such case, together with continued observations of this patient over 9 years, has been presented as the prototype of pyridoxine responsive anemia in man. Identification of this case as the “prototype” seems warranted, not only because it was the first to be documented, but also because of similarities of findings to those observed in deprivation studies in animals. These similarities include hypochromic, microcytic anemia, erythroblastic bone marrow hyperplasia, abnormal metabolism of tryptophan, and failure to utilize iron for hemoglobin synthesis. This chapter summarizes findings presented by 72 known cases of pyridoxine-responsive anemia in human beings. This discussion is based upon a detailed analysis of human pyridoxine responsive anemia.