cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sensitivity analysis of a CCD-based camera system for the retrieval of bidirectional reflectance distribution function for vicarious calibration

The University of Arizona, Optical Sciences Center, Remote Sensing Group is involved with the vicarious calibration of satellite sensors in support of NASA’s Earth Observing System (EOS) program. Sensor calibration coefficients are calculated by comparing sensor DN values to top of the atmosphere (TOA) radiance values, calculated from radiative transfer code (RTC). The RTC output is based on measurements of site spectral reflectance and atmospheric parameters at a selected test site. The bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) which relates the angular scattering of a given beam of incident radiation on a surface, is an important factor in these radiative transfer calculations. The inclusion of BRDF data into RTC calculations improves the level of accuracy of the vicarious calibration method by up to 5% over some target sites. BRDF data is also valuable in the validation of Multi-Angle Imaging Spectroradiometer (MISR) data sets. The Remote Sensing Group has developed an imaging radiometer system for ground-based measurements of BRDF. This system relies on a commercially-available 1024- by 1024-pixel silicon CCD array. Angular measurements are accomplished with a 8-mm focal length fisheye lens that has a full 180-degree field of view. Spectral selection is through four interference filters centered at 470, 575, 660 and 835 nm, mounted internally in the fisheye lens. This paper discusses the effect of calibration errors in this camera system on the retrieval of Hapke/Jacquemoud surface parameters from modeled BRDFs. The effect of these retrieved BRDFs on vicarious calibration results is discussed. Data processing schemes for the retrieval of these parameters from BRDF camera data sets are described. Based on these calculations, calibration requirements for digital camera BRDF-retrieval systems are presented. Keywords: BRDF, CCD, Reflectance, Vicarious Calibration, Digital Camera
The Trace Formula between Classical and Quantum Mechanics

The physics of atoms, molecules, and nuclei is correctly described by quantum mechanics (QM), but our physical intuition comes from classical mechanics (CM). Since the foundations of QM remain difficult to grasp, it is important to work out as far as possible the relations with CM. Until about 30 years ago, however, this task had been carried out successfully only for integrable systems, i.e., only where each degree of freedom could be treated separately in highly symmetrical systems. Even the spectra for simple systems such as the hydrogen-atom in a strong magnetic field (diamagnetic Kepler problem = DKP) or the donor-atom in a semiconductor (anisotropic Kepler problem = AKP) could not be understood, because 2 degrees of freedom are so strongly coupled that perturbation theory is of no help.
Resource management for distributed parallel systems

Multiprocessor systems should exist in the larger context of distributed systems, allowing multiprocessor resources to be shared by those that need them. Unfortunately, typical multiprocessor resource management techniques do not scale to large networks. The Prospero Resource Manager (PRM) is a scalable resource allocation system that supports the allocation of processing resources in large networks and multiprocessor systems. To manage resources in such distributed parallel systems, PRM employs three types of managers: system managers, job managers, and node managers. There exist multiple independent instances of each type of manager, reducing bottlenecks. The complexity of each manager is further reduced because each is designed to utilize information at an appropriate level of abstraction. >
Problem areas for the new Turkish foreign policy

Given its economic success and the political transformations of the last decade, it is not surprising that Turkey is now charting an ambitious course in foreign policy. This article provides a sober assessment of some of the shortcomings becoming evident in Turkish foreign policy, and argues that if these problems are not addressed, Turkey is due to fall short of its regional leadership ambitions.
Administrative Leadership: Styles, Competencies, Repertoire.

Effective leadership may be viewed as (a) a personal style, (b) a set of competencies, or (c) a function of repertoire. Although leadership has more frequently been viewed as a style or as a set of...
A four-year follow-up of means-end outcomes from outdoor adventure programs

Means-end theory was used to analyze differences in outcomes from original interviews and follow-up interviews occurring four years after Outward Bound (OB) and National Outdoor Leadership School (NOLS) 2006 course participation. In 2006, a semi-structured, in-person interview was conducted after participants (N = 510) completed their course. In 2010, semi-structured telephone interviews were conducted from a convenience sample of the original participants (N = 200). Results of this study show how OB and NOLS programs continued to increase participant self-respect/esteem/confidence, impart transferable lessons and skills, and provide a sense of self-awareness four years after course participation. Understanding such participant outcomes allows program managers to effectively market programs, comprehend relationships between program attributes and participant outcomes, and design programs for specific outcomes.
Indirect-Bonded Metallization of Aluminum Nitride

The use of aluminum nitride (AIN) as a substrate and packaging material for microcircuit applications is of present interest due to its many advantageous physical properties. A limitation to the widespread use of A1N is the lack of an adequate metallization system. The most common method of achieving high-integrity metallized ceramics is through the use of indirect-bonded metallizations. A wide range of intermediate bonding materials are used, for example glasses, oxide mixtures, and active metals. In this paper, the indirect-bonded metallization of A1N will be reviewed and discussed. Requirements which must be considered in producing successful metallizations include; wetting of the substrate and the metal by the intermediate phase and the reactivity between the intermediate phase and the substrate. The reactions which occur in many of the systems considered can be predicted by examination of thermodynamic data
Help Children Cope with Change.

Although this article is directed primarily to parents, caregivers will find many useful ideas here, too.
Outlook on teaching school science for sustainable development

During the past few decades, resources have been allocated in many parts of the world for developing curricula in school science, which were directed to the need for more scientists that can promote national development. In the light of this, many developing country has emphasized the education of its citizens in Science, Technology and Mathematics (STM). This mode was reflected in the Nigerian National Policy on Education when it recommended an enrolment ratio of 60:40 in favour of STM and related courses in higher institution of learning (Federal Republic of Nigeria 2004). This guideline became necessary in order to boost our manpower development and researches in these professions. The role of STM in the development of a nation cannot be over emphasized as it is very important in solving a country’s problem. STM is the base for the overall development of a nation, the instrument for the orderly and ethical behaviour of it citizens
Marketing Behavior Analysis Requires (Really) Different Talk: A Critique of Kohn (2005) and A(nother) Call to Arms

Behavior analysis has a lengthy history of misrepresentation by both academic and popular-press authors, and several suggestions have been offered regarding how best to market behavior analysis. Although behavior analysts have made some advances in such marketing, significant obstacles remain. One obstacle is Kohn’s (2005) book, Unconditional Parenting, which argues against adopting a behavioral approach to parenting. A related obstacle is that there have not been any behavior-analytic replies to Kohn, nor have there been any objections to Kohn by non-behavioral authors. These latter points are disappointing given the nature of Kohn’s inaccurate statements (e.g., that the behavioral approach entails that parental love is made contingent on appropriate child behavior). This paper provides a critique of Kohn by noting his misrepresentations of behavior analysis and discussing their potential sources. This paper also discusses the marketing of behavior analysis in the context of Kohn. Despite his attacks against behavior analysis, we describe how Kohn’s general views on parenting actually could be strengthened by considering an accurate description of behavior-analytic principles and philosophy. By providing such a description, we hope to improve future characterizations of behavior analysis by non-behavioral authors. That is, in addition to discussing other marketing techniques, we emphasize the need for behavior analysts to engage the interests and passions of popular-press authors, but with considerable attention given to our language.
The Vocal Augmentation and Manipulation Prosthesis (VAMP): A Conducting-Based Gestural Controller for Vocal Performance

This paper describes The Vocal Augmentation and M anipulation Prosthesis (VAMP) a gesture-based wearable controller for live-time vocal performance. This controller allows a singer to capture and manipulate single notes that he or she sings, using a gestural vocabulary developed from that of choral conducting. By drawing from a familiar gestural vocabulary, this controller and the associated mappings can be more intuitive and expressive for both performer and audience.
A Semidefinite Programming Approach to Source Localization in Wireless Sensor Networks

We propose a novel approach to the source localization and tracking problem in wireless sensor networks. By applying minimax approximation and semidefinite relaxation, we transform the traditionally nonlinear and nonconvex problem into convex optimization problems for two different source localization models involving measured distance and received signal strength. Based on the problem transformation, we develop a fast low-complexity semidefinite programming (SDP) algorithm for two different source localization models. Our algorithm can either be used to estimate the source location or be used to initialize the original nonconvex maximum likelihood algorithm.
A casein kinase I isoform is required for proper cell cycle progression in the fertilized mouse oocyte

Casein kinase I is a family of serine/threonine protein kinases common to all eukaryotes. In yeast, casein kinase I homologues have been linked to the regulation of growth, DNA repair and cell division. In addition, their subcellular localization to membraneous structures and the nucleus is essential for function. In higher eukaryotes, there exist seven genetically distinct isoforms: (alpha), ss, (gamma)1, (gamma)2, (gamma)3, (delta) and (epsilon). Casein kinase I(alpha) exhibits a cell cycle-dependent subcellular localization including an association with cytosolic vesicular structures and the nucleus during interphase, and the spindle during mitosis. casein kinase I has also been shown to modulate critical regulators of growth and DNA synthesis/repair in mammalian cells such as SV40 large T antigen and p53. These results suggest that casein kinase I may be involved in processes similar to those ascribed to the yeast casein kinase I homologues. To define a role for casein kinase I(alpha) in cell cycle regulation, the mouse oocyte was utilized because of its well-defined cell cycle and ease of micromanipulation. Immunofluorescence studies from meiosis I of maturation to the first zygotic cleavage demonstrated that the kinase was associated with structures similar to those previously reported. Microinjection of casein kinase I(alpha) antibodies at metaphase II-arrest and G2 phase, had no effect on the completion of second meiosis or first division. However, microinjection of these antibodies during the early pronucleate phase prior to S-phase onset blocked uptake of the kinase into pronuclei and interfered with proper and timely cell cycle progression to first cleavage. These results suggest that the kinase regulates the progression from interphase to mitosis during the first cell cycle.
Wireless sensor systems: an approach for a multiuniversity design course

As a means of increasing the awareness of the sensing sciences among undergraduates, a novel design course has been developed by the Tennessee Technological University and the University of South Florida. Students study, design, fabricate, and test a wireless-based sensor system that relays data over a radio-frequency link for centralized processing. Weekly seminars on applicable topics in telecommunication, signal processing, and microwave systems originate from either university, using interactive Internet conferencing. Students from both schools form design teams to develop subsystems that are integrated to complete the project, thereby necessitating collaboration across teams and universities. Student evaluations of the first two offerings (Spring 2000/2001) were excellent.
The Euro Crisis and the Erosion of Democratic Legitimacy: Lessons from the Gold Standard

This paper makes four propositions. First, it argues that the euro’s institutional design makes it function like the interwar “gold exchange standard” during periods of stress. Also, just like the gold standard, the euro created a core of surplus countries and a periphery of deficit countries, in which the latter had to sacrifice their internal domestic economic equilibrium in order to restore their external equilibrium, and thus had no choice but to respond to balance of payments crises by a series of deflationary spending, price and wage cuts. The paper’s second claim is that the euro’s institutional design and the EU’s response to its ‘sovereign debt crisis’ during 2010-13 deepened the recession in the Eurozone periphery, as EMU leaders focused almost exclusively on austerity measures and paid only lip service to the need to rebalance growth between North and South. As Barry Eichengreen argued in Golden Fetters, the rigidity of the gold standard contributed to the length and depth of the Great Depression during the 1930s, but also underscored the incompatibility of the system with legitimate national democratic government in places like Italy, Germany, and Spain, which is the basis for the paper’s third proposition: the euro crisis instigated a crisis of democratic government in Southern Europe underlining that democratic legitimacy still mainly resides within nation states. By adopting the euro, EMU member states gave up their ability to control major economic policy decisions, thereby damaging their domestic political legitimacy, which in turn dogged attempts to enact structural reforms. Evidence of the erosion of national democracy in the Eurozone periphery can be seen in the rise of anti-establishment parties, and the inability of traditional center-left and center-right parties to form stable governments and implement reforms. The paper’s fourth proposition is that the euro’s original design and the Eurozone sovereign debt crisis further widened the existing democratic deficit in the European Union, as manifested in rising anti-EU and anti-euro sentiment, as well as openly Eurosceptic political movements, not just in the euro periphery, but also in the euro core. Word Count: approximately 12,000 words
Leukocytes and ischemia-induced myocardial injury.

In the early 1970s Maroko, Braunwald, and others demonstrated the im­ portance of myocardial oxygen supply and demand as a major determinant of the extent of myocardial injury 0-3). A variety of agents that reduced myocar­ dial oxygen demand, B-adrenoceptor antagonists and calcium channel blockers for example, were shown to be beneficial in animal models of myocardial ischemia. The time for clinical testing of agents that improve myocardial oxygenation was said to have come (4). A decade later, however, the limited clinical results have been far from exciting. This approach to reducing isch­ emia-induced myocardial injury suffers from three major problems. Implicit in the concept of salvaging ischemic myocardium by altering myocardial oxygen supply and demand is the assumption that myocardial tissue injury results solely from an inability of the coronary vasculature to deliver necessary oxygen and nutrients to maintain myocyte viability. However, we believe that other pathophysiologic processes contribute to irreversible myocar­ dial damage. It is also assumed that the restoration of coronary blood flow to the ischemic myocardium would, of itself, prevent the development of irreversible damage. However, reperfusion of jeopardized myocardium may lead to cellular pro­ cesses that extend the area of cell necrosis beyond that which could be attributed
MULTIPLE SOLUTIONS FOR FOURTH ORDER ELLIPTIC PROBLEMS WITH p(x)-BIHARMONIC OPERATORS

We study the multiplicity of weak solutions to the following fourth order nonlinear elliptic problem with a \(p(x)\)-biharmonic operator \[\begin{cases}\Delta^2_{p(x)}u+a(x)|u|^{p(x)-2}u=\lambda f(x,u)\quad\text{ in }\Omega,\\ u=\Delta u=0\quad\text{ on }\partial\Omega,\end{cases}\] where \(\Omega\) is a smooth bounded domain in \(\mathbb{R}^N\), \(p\in C(\overline{\Omega})\), \(\Delta^2_{p(x)}u=\Delta(|\Delta u|^{p(x)-2}\Delta u)\) is the \(p(x)\)-biharmonic operator, and \(\lambda\gt 0\) is a parameter. We establish sufficient conditions under which there exists a positive number \(\lambda^{*}\) such that the above problem has at least two nontrivial weak solutions for each \(\lambda\gt\lambda^{*}\). Our analysis mainly relies on variational arguments based on the mountain pass lemma and some recent theory on the generalized Lebesgue-Sobolev spaces \(L^{p(x)}(\Omega)\) and \(W^{k,p(x)}(\Omega)\).
Performance of Optical Time-spread CDMA/PPM with Multiple Access and Multipath Interference

A novel optical modulation scheme employing ultrashort light pulses, modulated with Pulse Position Modulation (PPM) in conjunction with time-spread Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) has recently been investigated in a two part paper by Kim, et.al. Mode-locked lasers producing sub-picosecond pulses every few nanoseconds are an excellent communication source, providing many terahertz of coherent bandwidth and a long time interval to spread out the pulse energy. Time-spread CDMA provides asynchronous multiple-access, while M-ary PPM provides enhanced throughput, affording up to several Tb/s of aggregate capacity.
Advocating Environmental Issues Beyond Photography

Disenchanted with traditional media (e.g., newspapers, television, radio) and political scheming of environmental issues, photographers have recently cultivated media partnerships and alliances with specialized entities to tell stories through niche media channels and emerging media platforms (e.g., email, blogs, websites, podcasts, social media). Therefore, this research explored how modern photographers visualize what is happening to people, places, and spaces on a changing planet and how they use emerging technologies in an effort to make a difference. Interviews with photographers working with environment and nature organizations revealed for now, photographers’ use all media to generate awareness and compel action. The bulk of the photographers interviewed also are rethinking storytelling through a collaboration of media (e.g., Facebook, Twitter, blogs, websites, etc.) to show how humankind have affected the degradation of the Earth and all its inhabitants; and, with any luck stir their emotions so t...
Solutions of Φ(x)=n, Where Φ is Euler's Φ-Function

(1970). Solutions of Φ(x)=n, Where Φ is Euler's Φ-Function. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 77, No. 3, pp. 287-287.
Separation of Insect Proteins by Isoelectric Focusing in Polyacrylamide Gels

The recent development of an analytical procedure to electrofocus proteins has provided another method for separating insect tissue proteins. This technique allows small quantities of proteins to be separated according to their isoelectric points in a pH gradient established in a polyacrylamide gel (Wrigley 1968, Wellner 1971, Vesterberg 1972). Electrofocusing therefore supplements other protein separatory methods such as gel electrophoresis which separates proteins according to their charge and molecular weight. The present investigation determined suitable conditions to electrofocus insect proteins and obtained data on the isoelectric points of the hemolymph proteins of the southwestern corn borer, Diatraea grandiosella Dyar.
Resolution analysis for full wavefield inversion and its application to time‐lapse

Full-wavefield inversion (FWI) estimates a subsurface elastic model by iteratively minimizing the misfit between observed and simulated data. Resolution analysis provides a framework for understanding what parts of model are better constrained by the data. However, the conventional SVD (singular value decomposition) approach to computing the resolution matrix is prohibitively expensive for FWI. We tested an iterative method (Lanczos algorithm) for computing an approximation to the resolution matrix based on a simple 3-layer model. We compared the results with the full SVD solution by ScaLAPACK. We find that after 150 iterations, the approximate resolution matrix agrees well with the full SVD solution. Then we applied Lanczos approach to 2D Time-Lapse analysis based on the SEAM model. The analysis shows that the approximate resolution matrix matches the inversion result.
The impact of SPRINT on the future treatment of hypertension: a mini review.

Blood pressure (BP) control is associated with a significant decrease in the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD), stroke and chronic kidney disease (CKD), and U.S. treatment guidelines in 2003 and 2007 recommended a BP reduction to < 140/90 mmHg for uncomplicated hypertension and to < 130/80 mmHg for hypertension complicated by CAD, diabetes mellitus (DM) or CKD. In hopes of further decreasing the adverse effects of hypertension, more aggressive lowering of systolic blood pressure (SBP) was tested. However, this aggressive control of SBP did not materialize in additional cardiac benefits, and in fact resulted in worsening of cardiovascular and renal complications with the exception of stroke. These findings led national committees in 2014 and 2015 to draw up new guidelines recommending a relaxation of BP control based on recent clinical evidence, until publication of SPRINT. This National Institutes of Health (NIH)-sponsored study showed that aggressive SBP lowering to < 120 mmHg was beneficial in further decreasing the risk of CVD, CVD mortality and strokes. The results of this study will most likely lead to the revision of current guidelines and to the recommendation of stricter BP control. However, the results of SPRINT are not final and still are in contrast with other recent studies. Until new guidelines become available, we should follow the current ones, or move closer to older guidelines depending on the clinical situation. A return to BP < 140/90 mmHg for older subjects or uncomplicated hypertension and to < 130/80 mmHg for hypertension complicated by CAD, DM and CKD may be appropriate.
99 deduplication problems

Deduplication is a widely studied capacity optimization technique that replaces redundant regions of data with references. Not only is deduplication an ongoing area of academic research, numerous vendors have deduplicated storage products. Historically, most deduplication-related publications focus on a narrow range of topics: maximizing deduplication ratios and read/write performance. While future research will continue to optimize these areas, we believe that there are numerous novel, deduplication-specific problems that have been largely ignored in the academic community. Based on feedback from customers as well as internal architecture discussions, we present new deduplication problems that will hopefully spur the next generation of research.
Conclusion: A Holiday for Russian Philosophy

In February 1912 in the journal Russkaia mysl’ (Russian Thought), Pavel Novgorodtsev, a professor at Moscow State University and a leading figure in the neo-Kantian movement and the Constitutional Democratic (Kadet) Party, wrote a tribute in honor of Lev Lopatin’s thirty-year phil-sophical career. Lopatin served as an editor of the period’s leading journal, Voprosy filosofii i psikhologii, from the mid-1890s until its final issue in 1918. On the occasion of his colleague’s thirty years of service to the discipline of philosophy, Novgorodtsev wrote: Notes This was not your typical anniversary celebration, signifying a long term of service or a period of enduring labor. There was something more to it. It was truly a holiday for Russian philosophy (russkaia filosofiia), which, through the persona of Lopatin, celebrated its coming of age, with possibilities of independent creation having opened before it.1
Urban Journey: A Woman’s Guidebook to Self-Discovery in Berlin

In 1913, the publication of a woman’s guidebook to the German capital, What a Woman Must Know About Berlin, marked a profound transformation in the relationship between women and their urban environment. The book’s female authors, writing for a female audience, depicted the city as the terrain to journey from a confining older definition of womanhood, grounded in the domestic realm and family ties, to a new modern self who was defined by personal growth and urban engagement. In mapping out this novel way of being, the guidebook represented a radical departure from conventional advice literature for middle-class women as well as a challenge to contemporary mainstream narratives that represented the city as a place of moral and physical danger for female residents.
Measurement of the ultrafast lighthouse effect using a complete spatiotemporal pulse-characterization technique

Three of the four spatiotemporal pulse amplitude couplings—spatial chirp, angular dispersion, and pulse-front tilt—are well known for their important roles in optics and, especially, in ultrafast optics. The remaining one, only recently identified, corresponds to the pulse arrival time variation with angle and is known as the “ultrafast lighthouse effect.” This effect has important applications in attosecond science, but its characterization has not yet received much attention. In this work, we generate an ultrafast lighthouse and measure it using a recently developed single-frame complete spatiotemporal pulse-characterization technique called STRIPED FISH. We discuss in great detail the measured couplings in different domains and their roles in generating the ultrafast lighthouse effect. In addition, we display the propagation of the measured ultrafast lighthouse with an intuitive movie plot over space and time. We conclude that STRIPED FISH provides a simple and informative approach for measuring the ultrafast lighthouse effect and also other possible spatiotemporal distortions in the pulse, in both the horizontal and vertical dimensions.
DC characteristics of ALD-grown Al2O3/AlGaN/GaN MIS-HEMTs and HEMTs at 600 °C in air

To the best of our knowledge, the 600 °C device characteristics detailed here reflect the highest operation temperature reported for AlGaN/GaN metal-insulator-semiconductor high electron mobility transistors (MIS-HEMTs) in air which supports the realization of electronics for high-temperature applications (e.g., space exploration, combustion and downhole). The high-temperature response of Al2O3/AlGaN/GaN MIS-HEMTs with Al2O3 deposited by plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition (ALD) as the gate dielectric and passivation layers was examined here. More specifically, the DC current–voltage response and the threshold voltage characteristics of the MIS-HEMTs were evaluated to temperatures up to 600 °C in air. For comparison, the response of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs without the ALD Al2O3 layer was also measured. It was observed that the HEMTs failed above 300 °C accompanied by a ~500 times increase in leakage current and observation of bubbles formed in active region of gate. On the contrary, the MIS-HEMTs continued to operate normally up to 600 °C. However, within the 30 min period exposed to 600 °C the MIS-HEMT degraded permanently. This was observed at 20 °C after return from operation at 600 °C as a change in threshold voltage and saturation drain current. The failure of the HEMTs is suggested to be due to the diffusion of gate metals (Ni and Au) into the active regions of the AlGaN/GaN heterostructure, which creates additional leakage current pathways. The impact of strain relaxation and interfacial trapped charges on threshold voltage as a function of temperature was studied using an energy band-gap model. The ALD Al2O3 gate dielectric layer acts as a diffusion barrier to the Ni and Au gate metals, thus enabling short-term operation of MIS-HEMTs to 600 °C, the highest operation temperature reported for this device architecture to date.
X-ray reflectometer for single layer and multilayer coating characterization at 8 keV: An interlaboratory study

An X-ray reflectometer (XRR) system has been developed at the Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) for characterizing various soft and hard X-ray optic coatings. The XRR instrument generates X-ray radiation using a high-output rotating anode source (RAS), operational over a voltage range of 5–35 kV and a current range of 10–150 mA. Copper is used as the target material to produce an X-ray spectrum from which the Kα line at 8.048 keV is isolated for the reflectivity measurements. Five precision slits are mounted along the X-ray beam path to limit the extent of the beam at the sample and to adjust the resolution in the measurements. A goniometer consisting of two precision rotary stages controls the positions of the coating sample and the X-ray detector with respect to the beam. The detector itself is a high performance silicon drift detector used to achieve high count rate efficiency to attain good statistics in the reflectivity measurement at larger grazing angles. The X-ray reflectometer system design and capabilities are described in detail. Verification of the system is obtained through an interlaboratory study in which reflectivity measurements of a multilayer coating made at MSFC are compared with those made at two external laboratories.
Comparison of anisotropy evolution in BCC and FCC metals using crystal plasticity and texture analysis

Abstract The evolution of anisotropy in metals has been studied for many decades both experimentally and theoretically using computation. Although the experimental research on the evolution of anisotropy provided valuable data, there is lack of theories that can be used in macro-scale plasticity. Fracture of ductile metals occurs after going through a large amount of plastic deformation where anisotropy of the material changes significantly as manifested by texture development; processed metal slabs (such as rolled slabs) possess anisotropy due to texture produced by the metal forming process that the slabs went through and initially isotropic metals get to possess anisotropy as well due to the texture formation induced by the large amount of plastic deformation. Therefore, it is critical to take into account the effect of anisotropy evolution to accurately predict fracture characteristics and plastic flow behaviors in the simulation of ductile fracture and plastic flow of metals. The theory of anisotropy evolution of metals in macro-scale plasticity can be derived by quantifying the meso-scale grain-level physics through crystal plasticity simulations. Therefore, this paper investigates the evolution of anisotropy in BCC and FCC metals using crystal plasticity simulations and texture analysis to reveal the physics behind anisotropy evolution and provide comparison of anisotropy evolution between BCC and FCC metals, which can be used to propose the theory of anisotropy evolution in macro-scale plasticity.
New Technology and the Post-human Self: Rethinking Appropriation and Resistance

In keeping with the current appreciation for the sociomateriality of technology-enabled practice, we are now advised to de-center human beings and to situate them as but one component among many in complex networks of heterogeneous actors. More radical still, we are counseled to question the very premise of distinctive subjects and objects. Human actors and technological artifacts are increasingly seen to have no independent status of their own, but to emerge in a mutually constitutive way from the unfolding of ordinary practices. This essay explores the implications of this line of thinking for people's practical encounters with new information technologies. We begin by considering how the individual's engagement with spaces, materials, and technologies builds upon a fundamental embodiment of mind and then extends outward in a way that makes flexible and expansive the effective boundaries of the self. On the other hand, we observe that the kind of fusion this implies is not ontologically given, but emerges through the active and disciplined engagement of the human practitioner. Acknowledging that the materiality of the post-human self is, in fact, a human accomplishment can yield a richer understanding of two opposed phenomena at the core of our discipline: the expert appropriation of information technologies, and user resistance to systems imposed by other interests.
Pharmacologic cardioversion with intravenous amiodarone is likely safe in neurocritically Ill patients

Abstract Neurological injury is often associated with cardiac abnormalities, including electrophysiological issues. Cardioversion of acute atrial fibrillation (
Learning Radiology: A Survey Investigating Radiology Resident Use of Textbooks, Journals, and the Internet

Rationale and Objectives We surveyed radiology residents to understand which information sources residents use to learn radiology. Materials and Methods A 15-question survey on learning resources was given to radiology residents at one institution. The survey queried residents about their preferences for sources when encountering a question in the reading room and when attempting to learn radiology and about the frequency with which they read radiology/medical journals. Residents ranked Internet sites for these learning purposes. The IRB gave administrative approval for the survey. Results All residents (60 of 60) completed the survey. When a question is encountered in the reading room, 50 of 60 (83%) respondents prefer to use the Internet as a first-line resource, and 15% prefer a textbook. When using the Internet, 46 of 60 (77%) residents use Google as their first source, 12% use eMedicine, 3% use StatDx, 3% use UpToDate, and 2% use RSNA online journals. eMedicine was the most popular second resource at 65%. Of 60, 59 (98%) residents prefer to use physician/scientist professional Web sites (e.g., eMedicine) rather than consumer/patient-oriented Web sites. When using the Internet to learn radiology, 32% of residents prefer AuntMinnie, 30% use Edactic.com, 22% use ACR Case-In-Point, 3% use www.learningradiology.com , 2% use radquiz.com, and 2% use RadioGraphics online. On average, residents listed 6.2 Internet sites. For textbook learning, 58% of residents prefer case review or requisite books, while 32% prefer traditional textbooks. The mean number of textbooks owned is 5.3, while the mean number of case review or requisite books is 5.4. Of 60 residents, 8 own most or all the case review and requisite books. Twenty-eight percent of residents read radiology textbooks daily; 45%, weekly; 8%, monthly; and 15%, occasionally. Twenty-three percent of residents read radiology journals monthly; 15%, quarterly; 37%, occasionally; and 23%, never. Five percent of residents read medical journals (e.g., The New England Journal of Medicine ) monthly; 2%, quarterly; 48%, occasionally; and 45%, never. Conclusion Currently, residents prefer the Internet when researching a question, with Google as the Web site most commonly used. Case review or requisite books are more commonly used than are traditional textbooks. Radiology resident learning has rapidly shifted from traditional textbooks and journals to the Internet and short case review books.
Exercise and Competitive Sport: Physiology, Adaptations, and Uncertain Long-Term Risks

The benefits of regular and moderate exercise training on cardiovascular outcomes have been well established. In addition, strenuous exercise training leads to corollary cardiac structural and functional adaptations that are sport-specific and facilitate athletic performance. In this review, the normal physiologic and hemodynamic changes that occur during exercise and the subsequent differential exercise-induced cardiac remodeling patterns that develop will be discussed. Paradoxically, recent data have raised concern about the long-term impact of higher doses of physical activity and exercise on mortality and cardiovascular health outcomes. We will discuss important aspects of these controversial data and review the supporting evidence as well as the limitations of prior research. Specifically, we will address the association between high levels of exercise and relative reductions in overall mortality, increased risk of atrial fibrillation, arrhythmogenic cardiac remodeling, and accelerated coronary artery calcifications. For the practitioner, this review aims to detail these contemporary sports cardiology controversies and highlights the critical need to incorporate shared decision making with the athlete in dealing with the uncertainties that exist. Finally, we will discuss key “athlete-specific” variables that should be considered in the design of future important research in this arena.
One-Pot Conversion of Methane to Light Olefins or Higher Hydrocarbons through H-SAPO-34-Catalyzed in Situ Halogenation

Methane was converted to light olefins (ethene and propene) or higher hydrocarbons in a continuous flow reactor below 375 °C over H-SAPO-34 catalyst via an in situ halogenation (chlorination/bromination) protocol. The reaction conditions can be efficiently tuned toward selective monohalogenation of methane to methyl halides or their in situ oligomerization to higher hydrocarbons. The presence of C5+ hydrocarbons in the reaction products clearly indicates that by using a properly engineered catalyst under optimized reaction conditions, hydrocarbons in the gasoline range can be produced. This approach has significant potential for feasible application in natural gas refining to gasoline and materials under moderate operational conditions.
Physiology of Sleep

(1982). Physiology of Sleep. American Journal of EEG Technology: Vol. 22, No. 2, pp. 85-98.
Factors Affecting the Performance of Optimization-based Multigrid Methods

Many large nonlinear optimization problems are based upon discretizations of underlying continuous functions. Optimization-based multigrid methods are designed to solve such discretized problems efficiently by taking explicit advantage of the family of discretizations. The methods are generalizations of more traditional multigrid methods for solving partial differential equations. The goal of this paper is to clarify the factors that affect the performance of an optimization-based multigrid method. There are five main factors involved: (1) global convergence, (2) local convergence, (3) role of the underlying optimization method, (4) role of the multigrid recursion, and (5) properties of the optimization model. We discuss all five of these issues, and illustrate our analysis with computational examples. Optimization-based multigrid methods are an intermediate tool between general-purpose optimization software and customized software. Because discretized optimization problems arise in so many practical settings we think that they could become a valuable tool for engineering design.
Dynamic memory dependence predication

Store-queue-free architectures remove the store queue and use memory cloaking to communicate in-flight stores instead. In these architectures, frequent mispredictions may occur when the store to load dependencies are inconsistent. We present DMDP (Dynamic Memory Dependence Predication) which modifies the microarchitecture behavior for such loads to mitigate memory dependence mispredictions. When a given dependence is hard to predict, i.e., a given load occasionally depends on a particular store, but it is independent at other times, DMDP predicates the load so that the address of the load is compared with the address of the predicted store to compute a predicate. This predicate guides the load to obtain the value from either the cache or the colliding store. The predication provided by DMDP i) enables the loads and their dependent instructions to execute much earlier, ii) reduces the hardware complexity of store-queue-free mechanisms, and iii) reduces the number of mispredictions. DMDP outperforms a state-of-the-art store-queue-free architecture by 7.17% on Integer benchmarks and 4.48% on Float benchmarks in our Spec 2006 evaluation. We further show that despite executing extra predication instructions, DMDP is power efficient as it saves about 6.7% on EDP.
Lemierre's Syndrome Due to Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus.

Lemierre’s syndrome is an uncommon and potentially fatal complication of oropharyngeal and facial infections. It involves an associated septic thrombophlebitis, bacteremia, and septic emboli. Tradi...
Hodgkin Lymphoma and PD-1 Blockade

Classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) is characterized by nearly universal genetic alterations at 9p24.1, resulting in increased expression of PD-1 ligands and immune evasion. Disruption of the PD-1 pathway with anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) can restore an antitumor immune response in many patients. Based on high overall response rates in cHL patients with relapsed or refractory (R/R) disease, two PD-1 mAbs, nivolumab and pembrolizumab, received accelerated approval in North America and Europe. Currently, numerous ongoing trials are combining PD-1 mAbs with rationally selected agents in the R/R setting and testing PD-1 blockade earlier in the treatment paradigm with potentially curative therapies. These trials and a rapidly improving understanding of mechanisms of immune resistance to PD-1 blockade have the potential to further improve outcomes for patients with cHL.
Microscopy and spectroscopy of plutonium dioxide aging under ambient and near-ambient conditions

Abstract Characterization of nuclear materials under controlled conditions promotes a better understanding of their chemistry and provides insight into their stability. Of particular importance is identifying how environmental and storage conditions affect both bulk and sub-bulk scale chemical and physical properties. Such data may provide insight for nuclear forensic applications and can help address fundamental safety and storage concerns. In this work, plutonium dioxide (PuO2) and thorium dioxide (ThO2) aging was studied as a function of temperature and relative humidity (RH) while simultaneously observing the effects of fluoropolymer containment. Morphological changes were monitored using scanning electron microscopy and interpreted utilizing a previously-published lexicon of descriptive imaging terminology. Changes in phase were observed using X-ray diffraction measured on a single-crystal X-ray diffractometer to permit sub-bulk scale (
Trauma patients returning to the emergency department after discharge.

Abstract Background While readmission rates of trauma patients are well described, little has been reported on rates of re-presentation to the emergency department (ED) after discharge. This study aimed to determine rates and contributing factors of re-presentation of trauma patients to the ED. Methods One-year retrospective analysis of discharged adult trauma patients at a county-funded safety-net level one trauma center. Results Of 1416 trauma patients, 195 (13.8%) re-presented to the ED within 30 days. Of those that re-presented, 47 (24.1%) were re-admitted (3.3% overall). The most common reasons for re-presentation were pain control and wound complications. Patients with Medicare (AOR 2.6, 95% CI 1.3 to 5.2) or other government insurance (AOR 2.5, 95% CI 1.6 to 4.1) were more likely to re-present than patients with private insurance. Conclusion A considerable number of trauma patients re-presented to the ED after discharge for reasons that did not require hospitalization. Discharge planning for certain vulnerable groups should emphasize wound care, pain control and scheduled follow-up to decrease the reliance on the ED.
Evaluation of vitamin A gut loading in black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens).

Black soldier fly (BSF) larvae are potentially an excellent source of calcium for insectivores; however, previous studies have identified that they lack appreciable amounts of fat-soluble vitamins (A, D3 , and E). To make BSF larvae a more complete food item, fat-soluble vitamins should either be provided via gut loading or with a multivitamin dusting supplement. The purpose of this study is to identify factors associated with gut loading vitamin A into BSF larvae and to develop feeding recommendations for a more consistent gut-loading process. Factors that were addressed include the vitamin A concentration added to the diet, length of time given to gut load, moisture content of the diet, and density of larvae during feeding. Diets and larvae were analyzed for vitamin A concentration using high-performance liquid chromatography. Larval vitamin A concentrations increased in a nonlinear fashion with increasing dietary vitamin A. Length of time (F = 150.818, p < .001), moisture content of the diet (F = 41.436, p < .001), and larval density (F = 78.407, p < .001) were all found to be significant factors contributing to the larvae's gut-loading capacity. On the basis of our results and vitamin A recommendations from the National Resource Council for rats and poultry, gut-loading recommendations for BSF larvae when fed to insectivorous reptiles and amphibians are as follows: vitamin A concentration of diet between 16,000 and 20,000 mcg retinol equivalents/kg, gut-loading time period of 24 h, moisture content of the diet approximately 60%, and larval density between 0.1 and 1 larvae per each gram of moist substrate.
Alternative Policies to Increase Recycling of Plastic Water Bottles in the United States

AbstractUsing an original, nationally representative sample of plastic water bottle users, this article examines the efficacy of various policy mechanisms to increase recycling. We evaluate the imp...
Composite Bolometers for Submillimeter Wavelengths

We have developed two types of 4He temperature composite submillimeter wave bolometers which use metal film absorbing elements. Dark electrical noise-equivalent-powers of 2×10−15 W/√Hz and 3×10−14 W/√Hz have been measured in large area bolometers with superconducting and semiconducting thermometers, respectively. Experiments confirm the theoretically predicted frequency independent absorptivity of ∼ 0.5 in a single pass.