cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Data Model for a Mobile Image Query Service

Photographic observations of the night sky can best be presented using a data model that conveys the observations, analysis, objects contained with the observations, and results of analysis pertaining to those objects. Such a model is proposed in this paper and it is referred to as the internet Flexible Image Transport System (iFITS), along with a mapping function to transform instances of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) Data Release 1 (DR1) to instances of iFITS, and a hybrid light-weight marshaling method to transfer DR1 data to the implementation of iFITS. iFITS is implemented as a mobile code agent that supports client-based image retrieval in web-based mobile computing environments. The implementation of iFITS was tested against the Image Query Service of SDSS Data Release 6 and the Revised Image Query Service recently proposed. The experiments results reported show a three-fold speedup for iFITS.
Operation Cost as a Performance Metric of Wireless Sensor Networks

This paper proposes a new performance metric for the evaluation of wireless sensor networks that reflects the cost of operation per unit time. This metric includes traditional metrics and considers the distribution of sensor energy consumption, which was not considered before. Focusing on a single-hop wireless sensor network, it is shown that it is not enough to consider just the expected energy consumed per measurement, unless sensors are equipped with unlimited energy resources. The paper illustrates the use of the metric in large wireless sensor networks for detection applications, relating it to a previously proposed metric and providing further insight in the selection of modulation techniques.
Anthropology and Colonial Discourse: Aspects of the Demonological Construction of Sinhala Cultural Practice

This article forms part of a larger investigation in which I explore aspects of the discursive relation between anthropology and colonial discourse. Stated broadly, my concern is that this relation, although often enough recognized or asserted in a general sort of way, has not been adequately interrogated, indeed has not been adequately formulated. The question, precisely how an identifiably colonial discourse continues to exercise a specifiably discursive hegemony2 in the contemporary construction of anthropological objects, has, it seems to me, received far less analytical attention than it properly deserves. No one would wish to deny, I don't think, that anthropology today is an enterprise increasingly self-conscious about its colonial legacy, and as a consequence is less and less naive about the language of representation it employs. I wish to suggest in the course of this article, however, that, although it is indeed arguable that a humanism of nonpejorative terminology and an impressive level of theoretical sophistication have come to characterize the construction of anthropological objects, what bears more systematic investigation is really whether the colonial problematic3 itself-that is to say, the interrelated set of distinctive ideological or discursive presuppositions that established the contours of visibility of native practices and thus the possibility in the first place for their constitution as objects of Western discourse-has been effectively displaced. It is at this, as it were, internal and more fundamental level, the level of the problematic, that I wish to think about the connection between colonial and anthropological discourses. For colonial problematics, I will argue, can and do travel-in a variety of updated conceptual languages-in contemporary anthropology. Specifically, my concern in this article focuses on the anthropology of a group of Sinhala practices performed in the south and southwest of the island of Sri Lanka. These practices are known to Sinhalas as yaktovil, and they are employed by Sinhala adepts to rid victims of the influence of the eyesight (distiya) of malevolent supernatural figures called yakku (sing., yaksaya, or yaka). This anthropology, I have suggested elsewhere,4 has, by and large, constructed its accounts and analyses of these Sinhala practices in and through the conceptual-metaphors of "demonism," "possession," and "exorcism."5 There I was princi-
Intrahepatic induction of alpha/beta interferon eliminates viral RNA-containing capsids in hepatitis B virus transgenic mice.

We have previously shown that hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication is abolished in the liver of HBV transgenic mice by stimuli that induce alpha/beta interferon (IFN-α/β) in the liver. The present study was done to identify the step(s) in HBV replication that is affected by this cytokine in transgenic mice treated with the IFN-α/β inducer polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid [poly(I-C)]. Here we show that the pool of cytoplasmic HBV pregenomic RNA (pgRNA)-containing capsids is reduced 10-fold within 9 h after poly(I-C) administration, while there is no change in the abundance of HBV mRNA or in the translational status of cytoplasmic HBV transcripts. In addition, we show that the pool of HBV DNA-containing capsids is not reduced to the same degree until at least 15 h posttreatment, and we show that virus export is not accelerated and the half-life of virions in the serum is unchanged. These results indicate that IFN-α/β triggers intracellular events that either inhibit the assembly of pgRNA-containing capsids or accelerate their degradation, and that maturation and secretion of virus is responsible for clearance of HBV capsids and their cargo of replicative intermediates from the cytoplasm of the hepatocyte.
Neuropathological features of corticobasal degeneration presenting as corticobasal syndrome or Richardson syndrome

Patients with corticobasal degeneration can present with several different clinical syndromes, making ante-mortem diagnosis a challenge. Corticobasal syndrome is the clinical phenotype originally described for corticobasal degeneration, characterized by asymmetric rigidity and apraxia, cortical sensory deficits, dystonia and myoclonus. Some patients do not develop these features, but instead have clinical features consistent with the Richardson syndrome presentation of progressive supranuclear palsy, characterized by postural instability, early unexplained falls, vertical supranuclear gaze palsy, symmetric motor disability and dysphagia. The aim of this study was to identify differences in corticobasal degeneration presenting with corticobasal syndrome (n = 11) or Richardson syndrome (n = 15) with respect to demographic, clinical and neuropathological features. Corticobasal degeneration cases were also compared with patients with pathologically proven progressive supranuclear palsy with Richardson syndrome (n = 15). Cases with corticobasal degeneration, regardless of presentation, shared histopathological and tau biochemical characteristics, but they had differing densities of tau pathology in neuroanatomical regions that correlated with their clinical presentation. In particular, those with corticobasal syndrome had greater tau pathology in the primary motor and somatosensory cortices and putamen, while those with Richardson syndrome had greater tau pathology in limbic and hindbrain structures. Compared with progressive supranuclear palsy, patients with corticobasal degeneration and Richardson syndrome had less neuronal loss in the subthalamic nucleus, but more severe neuronal loss in the medial substantia nigra and greater atrophy of the anterior corpus callosum. Clinically, they had more cognitive impairment and frontal behavioural dysfunction. The results suggest that Richardson syndrome can be a clinicopathological presentation of corticobasal degeneration. Atrophy of anterior corpus callosum may be a potential neuroimaging marker to differentiate corticobasal degeneration from progressive supranuclear palsy in patients with Richardson syndrome.
The Globus Striped GridFTP Framework and Server

The GridFTP extensions to the File Transfer Protocol define a general-purpose mechanism for secure, reliable, high-performance data movement. We report here on the Globus striped GridFTP framework, a set of client and server libraries designed to support the construction of data-intensive tools and applications. We describe the design of both this framework and a striped GridFTP server constructed within the framework. We show that this server is faster than other FTP servers in both single-process and striped configurations, achieving, for example, speeds of 27.3 Gbit/s memory-to-memory and 17 Gbit/s disk-to-disk over a 60 millisecond round trip time, 30 Gbit/s network. In another experiment, we show that the server can support 1800 concurrent clients without excessive load. We argue that this combination of performance and modular structure make the Globus GridFTP framework both a good foundation on which to build tools and applications, and a unique testbed for the study of innovative data management techniques and network protocols.
Capability and Fidelity of Mote-Class Wireless Sniffers

Monitoring the health of a sensor network is important for maintaining the health and normal operation of the network. For large-scale cost- effective monitoring, using inexpensive motes as sniffers is an attractive choice. In this paper, we quantify the capability and fidelity of mote-class sniffers for sensor network monitoring. In particular, we experimentally quantify the sustainable workload and the accuracy of delay and loss measurements by these types of sniffers. We find that (1) a sniffer can monitor traffic at the rate of 60 packets per second with little buffer overflow, (2) per-hop loss measurements from sniffers exhibit variations but are comparable to those at the receiver and (3) per-hop delay measurements from a sniffer are accurate (the errors are up to 300 μs). Our results indicate that measurement quality by mote-class sniffers is satisfactory for many monitoring purposes.
Estimation of ACL Forces Utilizing a Novel Non-Invasive Methodology That Reproduces Knee Kinematics Between Sets of Knees

A non-invasive, non-contact methodology to estimate forces in the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) in response to in vivo knee kinematics will allow surgical procedures and rehabilitation protocols for ACL injuries to be improved. During the last decade, intensive efforts have been made to quantify the forces in the ACL in vivo (Holden, 1994; Lundberg, 1997; Zacharias, 2001). With the use of these methods, valuable information on the forces experienced by the ACL has been obtained, however many of these methods were invasive, and involved direct contact with the ACL, which may affect the force measurements. It has been proposed at our research center that the forces in the ACL during activities of daily living and rehabilitation exercises can be estimated in a non-contact, non-invasive manner by reproducing in vivo kinematics in 6-degrees of freedom (DOF) on a cadaveric knee. Therefore, the specific aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of a non-invasive, non-contact methodology for estimating force in the ACL by reproducing average kinematics in 6-DOF degrees of freedom from one set of porcine knees (source) onto a separate set of porcine knees (target).Copyright © 2003 by ASME
The Effects of Tank Color and Light Intensity on Growth, Survival, and Stress Tolerance of White Seabass, Atractoscion nobilis, larvae

White seabass, Atractoscion nobilis, are important commercial and sport fish commonly found in Magdalena Bay, Baja California, Mexico to San Francisco Bay, California, USA (Thomas 1968). Adult white seabass inhabit the nearshore zone over rocky bottoms and kelp beds (Young 1973). White seabass can reach a size of 1.5 m and 38 kg (Miller and Lea 1972). Juveniles and young of the year are found in embayments and shallow water along the open coast (Allen and Franklin 1988a, b). White seabass are batch spawners typically spawning from April to August and congregate in rocky reef and kelp bed areas in the nearshore zone at this time (Thomas 1968). Eggs are approximately 1.3 mm in diameter and pelagic. Larvae are pelagic and are typical marine finfish larvae (Moser et al. 1983). Vision is important for feeding in most marine finfish larvae (Hunter 1980; Blaxter 1986). However, the eyes of marine finfish larvae at first feeding do not have illumination adaptation capability (Blaxter and Staines 1970; Neave 1984) and the development of the eye and visual acuity of white seabass, A. nobilis, is specifically known to be poor at first feeding (Margulies 1989). It is important to optimize environmental conditions in larviculture to facilitate feeding behavior (Tamazouzt et al. 2000). Maximization of feeding behavior should result in improved growth and survival (Downing and Litvak 1999b). Visually, this means maximizing contrast between food items and the environment making illumination in the larval rearing environment of primary importance. Illumination within a larval rearing tank can be affected by light source and intensity as well as tank color (Naas et al.
Sexual functioning and patient expectations of sexual functioning after hysterectomy

Abstract Objective The purpose of this study was to assess sexual functioning and patient expectations of sexual functioning after hysterectomy. Study design Seventy-five patients who had undergone hysterectomy at an urban academic medical center were surveyed about sexual function at the time of hysterectomy and after hysterectomy. Chi-squared tests compared responses for discrete outcomes. Result Most patients expected no change in sexual desire or orgasm quality. Hysterectomy had no effect on the frequency of sexual activity or on orgasmic response. Postoperatively, patients were less likely to report pain with intercourse (relative risk, 5.34; 95% CI, 2.2-12.95; P =.00002): 49.3% of patients had discussed sexual functioning after hysterectomy with their physicians, and 64.8% of patients recalled initiating the discussion. Conclusion Most patients expected and experienced no change in sexual desire, orgasm frequency, or orgasm intensity. Hysterectomy appears to result in decreased pain with sexual relations.
Integrating Life Science Content & Instructional Methods in Elementary Teacher Education

Abstract Elementary students need to have meaningful experiences with the life sciences in order to develop understanding of the natural world. However, they often possess alternative ideas about core life-science concepts that may not be scientifically accurate. There is a need for innovative science curriculum and instruction that is responsive to students' ideas, to help students develop a foundation of disciplinary knowledge that will ground their science learning in later grades. Formative assessment gives teachers an important toolkit to elicit, evaluate, and respond to students' ideas. Formative-assessment practices are discipline-specific, in that they require teachers to possess both disciplinary content knowledge and sufficient pedagogical content knowledge (PCK). Unfortunately, formative-assessment practices are not widely used in elementary classrooms; this may be due to elementary teachers' limited disciplinary knowledge and PCK of science topics. Teachers need support in learning how to effe...
Cholesterol and mevalonate metabolism: a time course study in vivo*

SUMMARY Within 30 minutes after injecting ~~-mevalonate-2-C1~ into young rats, the total body nonsaponifiable fraction contained 47.6% of the biologically active Cz4-mevalonate. Time course data suggest that at this time utilization of tracer MVA was essentially complete. Urinary radioactivity accounted for slightly more than one-half of the dose. The metabolism of nonsaponifiable fractions of liver and gut may be related by two processes having similar but reciprocal half times. Kidney tissue was found to contain the greater part of the radioactivity previously associated with carcass nonsaDonifiable fractions. A small but consistent amount of label was found in the saponifiable fractions. The problem of cholesterol and fatty acid biosynthesis, transport, and turnover has been under investigation in this laboratory for some time (1 to 5), the larger part of these studies having been made with acetate-l-C14 as the labeling agent. The mult,iple pathways available for acetate metabolism tend to obscure the information desired on any single pathway, particularly if the time periods involved allow for recycling of the tracer. It appears well established that mevalonic acid (MVA) is a unique and a more direct precursor of squalene and cholesterol in mammalian systems (6 to 15) than is acetate. While most of these studies have been made with homogenates, we have compared acetate and mevalonate as tracers in a liver slice system (l). In the homogenate and liver slice systems, using C14-acetate and C14-mevalonate as tracers, it is possible to obtain definitive information largely on biosynthetic pathways. We have shown that the in vivo and in vitro methods are not directly comparable for studies on cholesterol metabolism (16), and that "both in vivo cholesterol transport and turnover may be important facets of cholesterol metabolism (2). The present experiments were designed to utilize the more selective labeling of cholesterol by mevalonate in studies on cholesterol biosynthesis and turnover in
Steady Stratified Circulation in a Cavity

An attempt is made, by introducing empirically defined, depth-dependent expressions for eddy diffusivity and eddy viscosity into the governing equations for two-dimensional behavior, to solve the problem of steady-state stratified flow in a lake subjected to surface shear. The set of four relevant partial differential equations (two momentum equations, mass conservation and the temperature diffusion equation) is transformed to a pair of nonlinear differential equations in the stream function and density. Integral conditions corresponding to the solution of these equations are established through the weighted residual concept, and finite element representations of the integrals are constructed. The resulting system of nonlinear algebraic equations is solved by means of quasilinearization technique. An extensive series of numerical solutions is presented to demonstrate that the results obtained are of the type measured in the analogous field situation of wind-driven stratified lakes.
What happens after distress screening? Patterns of supportive care service utilization among oncology patients identified through a systematic screening protocol

While distress screening is important for identifying unmet needs of cancer patients, less is known about referral and uptake of supportive care services among distressed patients. The current analysis examined screen-based rates of referral to supportive care and explored demographic and clinical correlates of referral uptake. We tracked distress screens completed by a varied group of cancer patients receiving outpatient care at a National Cancer Institute (NCI)-designated cancer center during a 1-month period. Electronic medical record review was used to examine the rates of supportive care referral and uptake among distressed patients. Out of 644 unique screens, 195 (30 %) patients reported significant distress; distressed patients were more likely to be non-white (odds ratio (OR) = 1.71, p < 0.01), prescribed psychiatric medication (OR = 1.92, p < 0.00), and have no previous contact with the cancer center’s supportive care staff (OR = 1.62, p = 0.01). Thirty-four of these patients pre-emptively declined supportive care contact; thus, 161 were referred for supportive care. Among the 99 patients who received initial assessments by a team member, only 19 (19 %) requested and completed at least one follow-up appointment. Findings from this analysis support earlier work demonstrating significant supportive care needs in cancer patients. However, it challenges the assumption that screening will result in increased uptake of supportive care services beyond initial assessment. Further work should focus on facilitating engagement and reducing barriers for patients with continuing post-assessment supportive care needs.
Transactional Interference-Less Balanced Tree

In this paper, we present TxCF-Tree, a balanced tree whose design is optimized to support transactional accesses. The core optimizations of TxCF-Tree's operations are: providing a traversal phase that does not use any lock and/or speculation, and deferring the lock acquisition or physical modification to the transaction's commit phase; isolating the structural operations such as re-balancing in an interference-less housekeeping thread; and minimizing the interference between structural operations and the critical path of semantic operations i.e., additions and removals on the tree. We evaluated TxCF-Tree against the state-of-the-art general methodologies for designing transactional trees and we show that TxCF-Tree's design pays off in most of workloads.
Heavy Metal Loadings to the Detroit River from Combined Sewer Overflows

The calculation of 1995 pollutant loads from the Conner Creek Combined Sewer Overflow (CSO) discharging to the Detroit River is presented in this work. The che…
Image Inputs to a Probabilistic Model: Predicting Retail Potential

Can retail chain image measures be added to the Huff probabilistic model to improve predictions of retail trade?
Chaperoning the maturation of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator.

the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) serves as a way station during the biogenesis of nearly every integral membrane and secreted protein synthesized in eukaryotic cells. As such, its primary role is to facilitate the folding of nascent polypeptides. Thus plentiful among the ER resident proteins are 1 )
Determination of 5-Chloromethylfurfural by UV spectrophotometry

An efficient method for the determination of 5-Chloromethylfurfural(5-CMF) content by UV spectrophotometer was established.Experimental results showed that in mineral ether / ethyl acetate solution,5-CMF has the maximum absorption wavelength at 275 nm,and that the e max was more than 105L /(mol/cm).The regression equation was y =0.116 5x-0.004 7,the correlation coefficients was 0.999,the average recovery rate of 5-CMF was 99.78% and relative standard deviation(RSD) was 0.45%.The recovery rate,accuracy,precision and linear range(1 ～ 10 mg / L) met the requirements of analysis of trace components by UV spectrophotometer.This analytic procedure provides a simple,rapid and cheap method for 5-CMF content determination.
Experimental Study on Drying of Spirulina Platensis

In order to study impact of drying process on spirulina cell and the influence of it′s nutrients,thermal parameters of spirulina platensis are measured by differential scanning colorimeter(DSC).Nutritional ingredient of kinds of dried spirulina platensis are compared.Results indicate that morphosis integrity of spirulina platensis can be maintained evidently,which is in favor of preserving activity of platensis cells.Protein ingredient of freeze-dried spirulina platensis is higher to 52.6%,which is higher by 19.1% than that in oven drying,and higher by 17.3 % than that in atmospheric drying.
A real Nullstellensatz with multiplicity

Abstract Let A be a commutative ring containing the rationals. Let S be a multiplicatively closed subset such that 1 ∈ S and 0 ∉ S , T a cone in A such that S ⊂ T and I an ideal in A. Then ρ S , T I = { a | s a 2 m + t ∈ I 2 m for some m ∈ N , s ∈ S and t ∈ T } is an ideal. For a commutative ring the collection of non-reduced orders (total cones) is a fibration of the real spectrum. Both concepts carry information regarding multiple solutions in the constructible set associated with I , T and S. When the ring is a real regular domain, a non-reduced Nullstellensatz is presented that extends the real Nullstellensatz and relates these concepts. The notion of real multiplicity is proposed and examined for elements that are either positive definite (PD) or positive semi-definite (PSD) on the real spectrum.
Medicolegal Aspects of Genetic Counseling

When I was asked to prepare a paper on potential situations in genetic counseling which may result in questions of malpractice, I felt a bit like the unarmed Christian martyr who was told to enter the Roman arena in order to fight a group of lions with large teeth. The current attitudes in the United States encouraging such suits, while reducing protection, make me quite hesitant to engage in an exercise designed to sharpen those teeth. I will therefore largely refrain from listing too many specific problems and will rather address myself to the general principles involved. Although many of the issues concern the procedures of amniocentesis and screening, these will not be dealt with in my paper, but are being considered by other speakers. I am not an expert on legal matters and therefore wish to express my gratitude to Mr. Roger Dworkin of the University of Washington for bringing several of these matters to my attention.
Past freeze-thaw events on Pinus seeds increase seedling herbivory.

Seed and seedling survival are key components of plant population persistence. Although freeze–thaw events are experienced by many dispersed seeds in temperate ecosystems, it is unclear whether freeze–thaw stresses experienced by seeds can alter seedling susceptibility to herbivores during the growing season. We evaluated how freezing stress (temperature at −6°C for 6 h) experienced by seeds of two conifer species (Pinus resinosa and Pinus strobus) affects seedling herbivory by a generalist herbivore (Spodoptera exigua). For both Pinus species, herbivores consumed twofold more seedling biomass from freeze–thaw-treated plants than seedlings from the constant temperature treatment. Herbivores grew ~66% faster when feeding on freeze–thaw P. resinosa seedlings relative to controls, but herbivore growth rate did not differ between treatments for P. strobus. Our results show that the thermal environment experienced by a seed can have subsequent effects on plant–herbivore interactions, suggesting that (1) early ontogenetic stress could be a cryptic, yet unappreciated, determinant of future herbivory and (2) increasingly frequent cold events, such as those projected under winter climate change, may amplify seedling herbivory and reduce recruitment in managed and natural conifer forests.
Hypothalamic Signaling in Body Fluid Homeostasis and Hypertension.

Purpose of Review The central nervous system plays a pivotal role in the regulation of extracellular fluid volume and consequently arterial blood pressure. Key hypothalamic regions sense and integrate neurohumoral signals to subsequently alter intake (thirst and salt appetite) and output (renal excretion via neuroendocrine and autonomic function). Here, we review recent findings that provide new insight into such mechanisms that may represent new therapeutic targets.
Molecular Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus Isolates From Children With Periorbital or Orbital Cellulitis.

Background Periorbital and orbital cellulitis cause significant pediatric morbidity. Here, we define the clinical features of and characterize isolates from children with periorbital or orbital cellulitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus at Texas Children's Hospital in Houston. Methods Patients were identified from a prospective S aureus study database from January 2002 to July 2015. Demographic and clinical data were collected retrospectively. Isolates were genotyped by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, and Panton-Valentine leukocidin (lukSF-PV [pvl]) genes were detected by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Data were analyzed with the Fisher exact or Wilcoxon rank-sum test. Results Eighty-five patients with periorbital (n = 58) or orbital (n = 27) cellulitis were identified. We found 57 (67%) methicillin-resistant S aureus (MRSA) isolates, 72 (85%) pvl-positive (pvl+) isolates, and 66 (78%) USA300 isolates. No differences in clinical characteristics were found when we compared MRSA to methicillin-susceptible (MSSA) infections or USA300 to non-USA300 infections. Patients with orbital cellulitis were hospitalized a median of 12 days (range, 2-28 days) and received antibiotics for 21 days (range, 10-32 days). Twelve (44%) patients with orbital cellulitis received steroids. Steroid treatment did not affect the length of hospitalization or duration of antibiotic treatment. Six (7%) patients with orbital cellulitis were bacteremic. Patients with periorbital cellulitis were hospitalized for a median of 3 days (range, 0-17 days) and received antibiotics for 11 days (range, 7-32 days). According to computed tomography (CT), 19 (70%) patients with orbital cellulitis and 11 (41%) with periorbital cellulitis had sinusitis. Conclusions The majority of periorbital and orbital S aureus infections at Texas Children's Hospital were caused by MRSA, and no change was observed over time. Empirical antibiotic treatment should include coverage for MRSA. PVL might be an important virulence factor in these presentations. S aureus is associated with sinusitis and its complications.
Multimedia system architectures

In this paper, we describe a multimedia system architecture consisting of: (1) an information management subsystem, (2) a storage subsystem, and (3) a network subsystem. Whereas the information management subsystem provides means for identifying the set of multimedia objects that may be pertinent to a client’s query, the storage subsystem ensures that multimedia objects are efficiently stored and retrieved from secondary storage devices. The network subsystem, on the other hand, guarantees timely delivery of the multimedia objects accessed by the storage subsystem to each of the client sites. The main goal of this paper is to identify and discuss the research issues involved in designing each of these three subsystems.
P246 Diagnosing caeliac disease in a romanian paediatric gastroenterology department over three decades

Background and aim Over the last decades, the diagnosis of caeliac disease (CD) changed significantly both in terms of clinical picture and laboratory diagnosis. The authors present the perspective of a Paediatric Gastroenterology Department over a 32 years period. Method We performed a retrospective study including patients diagnosed with CD from Jan.1985 until Dec.2016 in „Gr. Alexandrescu’ Children’s Hospital. Three groups were formed, according to the diagnostic procedures used over time: first-intestinal biopsy, second-serology and biopsy, third-serology and biopsy or high values of anti-transglutaminase antibodies, a second positive serologic marker and HLA typing. Clinical characteristics at presentation were analysed. Results 231 children were included. First group contained 20 patients (mean age at diagnosis 5.9 years) diagnosed with classic forms of CD from 1985 until 1995 (1.8/year). Gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms were described in all, particularly chronic diarrhoea (90%). Four presented with caeliac crisis (20%). Second group included 152 patients diagnosed from 1996 until 2006 (once serologic screening was available the number of patients/year increased to 13.8). Mean age at diagnosis was 4.4 years. 86.8% presented with GI symptoms, but only 51.9% had chronic diarrhoea. Caeliac crisis was rarely seen (0.6%). Instead of classic forms with malabsorbtion, atypical presentations with non-GI symptoms were reported in 13.1%. Third group consisted of 59 patients diagnosed from 2007 until 2016 (at a mean age of 4). The number of patients presenting to a Gastroenterology Department decreased considerably (5.9/year). Half of the patients that reached our department presented with mild GI symptoms other than chronic diarrhoea: constipation, abdominal pain (50.9%). Conclusion Three decades ago the Paediatric Gastroenterologist was diagnosing classic forms of CD with chronic diarrhoea in small numbers of children. Once caeliac serology was available, the diagnosis shifted to a large number of patients with a broad clinical spectrum. Now CD diagnosis is again set progressively less frequent in the Gastroenterology Department as mild GI symptoms suggesting rather functional than organic disease are often the form of presentation. As long as the CD awareness is high, the diagnosis might be successfully established in the primary care setting, in many cases without biopsy, according to the ESPGHAN guidelines.
Physical Factors Influencing Orientation of Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Schrank) (Sarcoptiformes: Acaridae) to Food-Baited Traps

Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Schrank) (Sarcoptiformes: Acaridae) is a serious pest of post-harvest durable stored food products for which traps are being developed as important tools for integrated pest management. This work addresses the effects of trap design, trap location, time of response, and light on the orientation of released groups of 7200 pedestrian T. putrescentiae to food-baited traps in experimental rooms maintained in full darkness at 28 °C and 70% RH. A standard trap made from a disposable Petri dish and four commercially produced stored-product pest traps of different designs were compared and evaluated for efficacy in trapping mites. Subsequent experiments evaluated the effect of trap placement, trapping duration, and light on mite capture. More mites were captured in the standard Petri dish trap when compared singly or side by side with four different commercial trap designs, so the standard trap was used in all other studies. Further experiments found that mites could be trapped 1 h after release at a distance of 2 m from the release point and at six meters from a mite source within 24 h. A greater number of mites were caught in traps placed along a wall than those away from a wall, demonstrating thigmotaxis to an edge. Traps at various heights on a shelf rack suggested that walking mites tended to be positively geotactic whether the source of mites was from the floor or from the top shelf at 1.8 m from the floor. More mites were caught in black-painted traps than in unpainted clear plastic traps in fully lighted rooms, suggesting that mites seek refuge from brightly lighted conditions. Light emitting diodes deployed with traps or assayed alone determined mites oriented positively to traps with violet or ultraviolet, with least preference to green, yellow, red and white lights. This research provides new information on orientation by T. putrescentiae that may help optimize trap designs and trap deployment for pest management decisions.
Nanofabrication of β-Ga 2 O 3 nanowires for device implementation

As beta-phase gallium oxide is gaining attention for potential application in electronic and optoelectronic devices, this paper addresses techniques for nanowire fabrication that offer the potential for low cost simplicity with the uniformity and reproducibility that are necessary for useful device implementation of these nanowires.
Improving Classroom Preparedness Using Guided Practice

Numerous studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of flipped classrooms (e.g. peer instruction) in computer science courses. Flipped classrooms rely on students having obtained first exposure to concepts through pre-class activities such as viewing videos or reading a textbook. Having engaged with the material before class, class time can be spent on more challenging activities with feedback from the instructor and classmates. These pre-class activities can be a challenge for students, who often do not have the skills necessary to critically engage with the assigned reading/viewing. As a result students often come to class under-prepared despite completing the pre-class activities. This paper presents the author's experience with adding guided practice worksheets to improve student preparedness in two courses: a CS1 course and a lower-division "Introduction to Computer Systems" course. These pre-class worksheets provided a structured set of learning objectives for students to focus on in their reading as well as exercises to test those objectives. Limited results indicate a high worksheet completion rate and a strong positive correlation between individual completion rates and final course grade. This paper also presents recommendations for those instructors wishing to adopt guided practice in their class.
Some Unanticipated Consequences of Early Cardiac Catheterization. Insights into Pulmonary Pathophysiology.

One of the most interesting unanticipated findings by Andre Cournand and Dickinson Richards in their groundbreaking studies of cardiac catheterization was the very low pressure in the normal pulmon...
Early musculoskeletal classroom education confers little advantage to medical student knowledge and competency in the absence of clinical experiences: a retrospective comparison study.

Deficiencies in medical student knowledge in musculoskeletal medicine have been well documented. To address these deficiencies, numerous curricular changes at our institution were instituted. The objective of this study was to determine whether medical students in their preclinical years benefit from early exposure to musculoskeletal medicine when compared to students exposed to musculoskeletal medicine just prior to completion of their preclinical curriculum. United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) Step 1 and 2 scores were compared for periods of time before and after institution of the new curriculum. Scores on the previously validated 24-question short answer survey from Freedman and Bernstein were also compared over these same periods of time between these two groups and to established standards for competency, using a student’s two-tailed unpaired t-test for significance. Entering Medical College Admission Test (MCAT) scores were used to compare baseline preparation of students. Overall USMLE scores as well as scores on the USMLE subtest on Musculoskeletal, Skin and Connective Tissue Disease showed no improvement when scores were compared between the two groups of students. There was a statistically significant lower performance on the Freedman and Bernstein knowledge assessment exam for students in the new pre-clinical curriculum as compared to those introduced under the old model, considering both musculoskeletal knowledge (p < 0.001) and proficiency (p < 0.01), though the response rate on the recent survey was low (112/986 or 11%). Spine remained the least understood sub-topic, while a dedicated course in rheumatology likely contributed to increased student knowledge in that area. Additional exposure to musculoskeletal topics during the clinical years increased student knowledge. There was no difference between groups when comparing entering MCAT scores. Classroom curricular changes, including moving the introductory musculoskeletal course to the first year, intended to optimize musculoskeletal medicine education in the pre-clinical years of medical school did not appear to improve student musculoskeletal knowledge at any year of training. Further efforts to improve the education of medical students in musculoskeletal medicine should be directed towards providing more clinical experiences with patients having musculoskeletal concerns. This was a retrospective comparative study, level III evidence.
Community Health Workers: Bringing a New Era of Systems Change to Stimulate Investments in Health Care for Vulnerable US Populations.

The article discusses the use of community health workers (CHWs) to stimulate investments in health care for vulnerable U.S. populations. Topics include the cost effectiveness and increased return on investment (ROI) associated with CHW interventions, and the tendency for CHWs to share language and cultural values with patients and thus better understand the communities which leads to increased involvement in decision-making and adherence to treatment.
A Case Report of Combined Ultrasound and Fluoroscopic-Guided Percutaneous Radiofrequency Lesioning of the Obturator and Femoral Articular Branches in the Treatment of Persistent Hip Pain in a Pediatric Patient

Hip denervation comprising radiofrequency lesioning of the obturator and femoral articular branches is used in adults with refractory hip pain who are not surgical candidates. Persistent hip pain occurs infrequently in pediatric patients, and there are limited data on the safety and efficacy of this procedure in a pediatric population. We provide a case report of a successful ultrasound and fluoroscopic-guided hip denervation procedure in an 11-year-old girl with persistent right hip pain after septic arthritis refractory to conservative and surgical management. At an 18-week follow-up, hip denervation provided improvement in pain, mobility, and reduced opioid consumption by 20%.
Colonoscopy and therapeutic intervention in infants and children.

Colonoscopy is an established procedure for the investigation of large bowel and terminal ileal disease in infants and children. Specific indications vary with the child’s age. Preparation and sedation of the pediatric patient and colonoscopy techniques must be tailored to the age and physical stature of the patient.
Some Fundamental Aspects of Electrode Processes

Some fundamental problems have arisen during the growth of the concepts in the theory of electrode processes in recent years. For example, the concept of absolute electrode potential involves a lack of clarity and creates confusion regarding its physical meaning. There are questions about the effect of applied potential on the Fermi level of metal electrodes. Does, in fact, the Fermi level in a metal electrode move upward or downward (with respect to the vacuum-level energy) depending on the polarity of the electrode?
Summer Covariability of Surface Climate for Renewable Energy across the Contiguous United States: Role of the North Atlantic Subtropical High

AbstractThis study examines the joint spatiotemporal variability of summertime climate linked to renewable energy sources (precipitation and streamflow, wind speeds, and insolation) and energy dema...
A divide and conquer algorithm for DAG scheduling under power constraints

We consider the problem of scheduling a parallel computation---represented as a directed acyclic graph (DAG)---on a distributed parallel system with a global resource constraint---specifically a global power budget---and configurable resources, allowing a range of different power/performance tradeoffs. There is a rich body of literature on the independent problems of (1) scheduling DAGs and (2) scheduling independent applications under resource constraints. Very little, however, is known about the combined problem of scheduling DAGs under resource constraints. We present a novel approximation algorithm using a divide-and-conquer method for minimizing application execution time. We prove that the length of the schedule returned by our algorithm is always within O(log n)-factor of the optimum that can be achieved with any selection of configurations for the tasks. We implement and test our algorithm on simulations of real application DAGs. We find that our divide-and-conquer method improves performance by up to 75% compared to greedy scheduling algorithms.
Transit data analytics for planning, monitoring, control, and information

Abstract Automated data collection systems in the transit industry, such as automated fare-collection (AFC) and automated vehicle location (AVL), provide transit agencies and operators with extensive data about the state of the system and its use by passengers. The data can inform various functions of a transit agency from planning, to operations, to measuring and monitoring performance, and understanding user spatiotemporal travel patterns. We demonstrate the applicability and value of the data with examples of recent developments and applications: (a) measuring system performance from a passenger's point of view; (b) making real-time decisions to improve operations and level of service based on predictive analytics; and (c) designing transit demand management strategies to increase capacity utilization.
Flow Cytometry Analysis of Free Intracellular NAD+ Using a Targeted Biosensor

Flow cytometry approaches combined with a genetically encoded targeted fluorescent biosensor are used to determine the subcellular compartmental availability of the oxidized form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+ ). The availability of free NAD+ can affect the activities of NAD+ -consuming enzymes such as sirtuin, PARP/ARTD, and cyclic ADPR-hydrolase family members. Many methods for measuring the NAD+ available to these enzymes are limited because they cannot determine free NAD+ as it exists in various subcellular compartments distinctly from bound NAD+ or NADH. Here, an approach to express the sensor in mammalian cells, monitor NAD+ -dependent fluorescence intensity changes using flow cytometry approaches, and analyze data obtained is described. The benefit of flow cytometry approaches with the NAD+ sensor is the ability to monitor compartmentalized free NAD+ fluctuations simultaneously within many cells, which greatly facilitates analyses and calibration. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Collateral circulation through the vasocorona of the cervical spinal cord in a case of moyamoya syndrome

The spinal cord is covered by a functionally important pial arterial network described by Adamkiewicz in 1881 under the name of vasocorona. This arterial network loosely interconnects the anterior and posterior longitudinal axes and may become enlarged under pathological circumstances. We report here a case of moyamoya syndrome in a 2-year-old boy with bilateral vertebral artery occlusion, in which the collateral supply to the basilar artery occurred via a dilated portion of the vasocorona of the upper cervical spinal cord.
Applying Cognitive Learning Strategies to Enhance Learning and Retention in Clinical Teaching Settings.

Introduction Cognitive learning strategies are strategies that improve a learner's ability to process information more deeply, transfer and apply information to new situations, and result in enhanc...
Wireless-Powered Machine-to-Machine Multicasting in Cellular Networks

In future cellular networks, it is expected that data traffic will increase significantly due to deployments of large numbers of Internet of Things (IoT) objects. The IoT objects operate underlaying a cellular network, and they use Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communication to transmit multicst messages. We propose to use Radio Frequency (RF) Energy Transmitters (ET) to compensate the IoT objects with the energy consumed in forwarding multicast messages. Our goal is to support multicast service for IoT objects and transmit energy to them such that the total transferred energy by the ETs is minimized. We formulated the problem mathematically as a non-convex Mixed Integer Nonlinear Program (MINLP). Due to the difficulty of solving the problem optimally, we decompose the original problem into two sub-problems using Generalized Bender Decomposition with Successive Convex programming (GBD-SCP). Although this method facilitates finding a solution for the problem, the problem is still hard due to binary variables. Hence, we propose the Constraints Decomposition with SCP and Binary Variable Relaxation (CDR) algorithm to solve the problem more efficiently. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm achieves a performance close to the GBD-SCP algorithm while the computation time is reduced significantly when the network size is larger.