cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Coadjoint orbits and reductive dual pairs

Let (G, G’) be a reductive dual pair of subgroups of the metaplectic group S$(2m, R), where G is compact. Then the restriction of the oscillator representation o of Sp(2m, R) to G%’ decomposes as x,5=, T,@T: where the correspondence zj++ r( is a bijection [7]. The modules T : are unitary highest weight modules, and all such representations are obtained this way [5]. On the other hand, the unitary highest weight modules of G’ have been constructed in [3] via derived functors; in particular each such representation is associated to (is the “quantization” of) a coadjoint orbit for G’. The purpose of this paper is to establish the connection between these two realizations via the &?-orbit structure of the symplectic manifold R’“CO). These results have been known in principle for some time, the main problem being an understanding of how to quantize nilpotent and degenerate elliptic coadjoint orbits. Let 8, = Lie(G), 0; = Lie(c’). Let $ (respectively Ic/‘) be projection from Gp(2m, R)* to S,* (respectively @A*). Here ( )* = Hom,( , R). Then + and I,+’ restriced to the minimal coadjoint orbit I$,,, of Gp(2m, R)* define the graph of a correspondence between coadjoint Gand (?-orbits. Note that 0 In,” z R*” {O} via the moment map for the action of Sp(2m, R) on R”” { 0 ). Generically this is a bijection. Nilpotent orbits for C? do arise. Suppose a c-orbit 0 corresponds to a (?-orbit C’. In [ 111 it was observed that in some cases if we associate representations X(O) and X’(P’) to 0 and 0’ via geometric quantization, then X(O)@x’(0’) occurs in WJGG, (i.e., X(6) corresponds to x’(0’)). In [2] the derived functor construction was used to quantize some elliptic orbits, and this was done in greater generality. That is, for (0 = G. I. elliptic, ~(8) is cohomologically induced from a one-dimensional representation of L = stab,(i,), and similarly for G’. If ~(0) and n’(0’) have regular infinitesimal character, then n(O) corresponds to ~‘(6’). At the time [2] was written the modules n(O) with singular infinitesimal character were not understood. Furthermore, it was not known how 138 Oool-8708/87 $7.50
Effect of simultaneous auditory stimulation on vibrotactile thresholds

Vibrotactile thresholds were determined at 250 and 400 Hz in the presence of (1) the sounds emitted by the vibrator, (2) continuous tonal or narrow-band masking noise, or (3) a pulsed tone synchronized with the vibrator signal. The measure of a cross-modality effect was the threshold shift occurring between each condition and the control condition, in which earmuff silencers eliminated the vibrator sounds. Continuous tones or noise had no effect upon vibrotactile thresholds. However, auditory signals synchronized with the vibrator signals did significantly elevate vibrotactile thresholds.
Duality, income and substitution effects for the competitive firm under price uncertainty

This paper uses duality theory to decompose the total effect on the competitive firm's output of an increase in the riskiness of output price into income and substitution effects. Properties of preferences that control the sign of each effect are identified. The analysis extends to the general class of quasi-linear decision models in which the payoff is linear in the random variable. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The severity of osteogenesis imperfecta: a comparison to the relative free energy differences of collagen model peptides.

Molecular dynamics simulations were carried out to calculate free energy differences between the folded and unfolded states of wild type and mutant collagen model peptides. The calculated stability of the collagen models was compared with the severity of osteogenesis imperfecta. Free energy differences of Gly Xaa (Xaa: Ser, Cys, Glu, and Asp) mutations between the wild type and the mutants at position 15 of the model peptide were 3.8, 4.2, 5.6, and 8.8 kcal/mol, respectively. The corresponding free energy differences of a second Gly mutation at the same position in different chains were, on average, 1.3, 1.5, 2.9, and 5.4 kcal/mol, respectively. Free energy simulations were also performed to estimate the relative stability between an oxidized form and a reduced form of the mutants containing two Cys residues, which indicated that the mutant of the collagen-like peptide containing an intramolecular disulfide bond was more stable than the mutant containing one Cys residue but less stable than the wild type. The calculated free energy differences between an oxidized and a reduced form of the mutants containing two Cys residues are 0.8 and 2.6 kcal/mol for the disulfide bonds between Chains A and B and between Chains A and C, respectively. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 95: 182–193, 2011.
Integrated nonlinear structural analysis and design

An integrated approach to the design optimization of structures which require nonlinear analysis is proposed. The optimization process begins with a linearized structural response and the amount of nonlinearity is increased as the optimum design becomes closer. The proposed approach has the potential of reducing substantially the computational cost of the optimization. Two truss examples are used for demonstration.
Accuracy of the CT numbers of simulated lung nodules imaged with multi-detector CT scanners

A study was performed to determine the accuracies and reproducibilities of the CT numbers of simulated lung nodules imaged with multi-detector CTscanners. The nodules were simulated by spherical balls of three diameters (4.8, 9.5, and 16 mm ) and two compositions (50 and 100 mg ∕ cc Ca C O 3 in water-equivalent plastic). All were scanned in a liquid-water-filled container at the center of a water-equivalent-plastic phantom and in air cavities within the same phantom using GE multi-detector CTscanners. The nodules were also scanned within simulated lung regions in an anthropomorphic thorax section phantom that was bolused on both sides with water-equivalent slabs. Results were compared for three scanning protocols—the protocol for the National Lung Screening Trial (NLST), the protocol for the Lung Tissue Research Consortium (LTRC) study, and a high resolution (small pitch, thin slice and small scan interval) higher dose “gold standard” protocol. Scans were repeated three times with each protocol to assess reproducibility. The CT numbers of the nodules in water were found to be nearly independent of nodule size. However, the presence and the size of an air cavity surrounding a nodule had a significant effect (e.g., the CT number of a 50 mg ∕ cc nodule was 64 HU in water, 37 HU in a 1.8 cm diameter air cavity, and 19 HU in a 4.4 cm diameter air cavity). This variability of CT number with size of air cavity may affect the results of the LTRC study in which patients are scanned at both full inspiration and full expiration. The CT numbers of the 9.5 and 16 mm diameter nodules within the anthropomorphic phantom were highly reproducible (average standard deviations of 2 HU or less) for all protocols. On the other hand, both accuracy and reproducibility were significantly degraded for the 4.8 mm diameter nodules, especially for the NLST ( 2.5 mm thickness, 2 mm slice interval) technique. Use of thinner slice ( 1.25 mm ) and slice interval ( 1.25 mm ) scans that can be reconstructed retrospectively from the multi-detector helical CT projection data of the standard NLST protocol yield CT numbers for the 4.8 mm diameter nodules that are more accurate and reproducible than those of the standard NLST technique. In general, the CT numbers of the nodules were found to be lower at positions near the centers of the lungs and near the spine, which is probably due to increased beam hardening in those regions. Also, larger nodules were found to have higher CT numbers than smaller nodules, consistent with results obtained on early single slice GECTscanners. Until manufacturers develop quantitative CTscanners with improved x-ray beam hardening and scatter corrections, it is recommended that reference phantoms be employed to more accurately assess the calcium contents of patient lung nodules in screening and tissue characterization studies and in eventual computer-aided detection and diagnosis applications.
Glucose tolerance and pancreatic hormones in thyroidectomized and thyroid hormone-injected cockerels.

Abstract The effect of surgical thyroidectomy and of T 4 /T 3 injections on basal and glucose-induced concentrations of plasma insulin and glucagon has been investigated in 20-week-old domestic chickens. Birds injected daily (im) for 2 weeks with T 4 /T 3 (50 μg/day) had marginally lower fasting glucose concentrations whereas thyroidectomy had no effect. Glucose tolerance to an intravenous injection of glucose (0.5 g/kg) was impaired in T 4 /T 3 injected animals although the peak hyperglycemia was identical with sham-operated animals. This was associated with significantly reduced basal and glucose-induced insulin concentrations. However, fasting plasma glucagon concentrations were significantly elevated in this group as was the magnitude of the glucose-induced suppression of glucagon release 10 min after injection (48% decline vs 34% in sham-operated animals). Basal concentrations of plasma insulin were markedly elevated in thyroidectomized animals and were associated with only mildly depressed plasma glucagon levels. The absolute concentrations of plasma insulin remained higher in the thyroidectomized birds as compared with those of sham-operated or T 4 /T 3 injected animals after the glucose challenge, although within 30 min after glucose injection they had significantly declined below preinjection levels. This was associated both with significantly reduced plasma glucose concentrations 30 min after injection and the lowest absolute levels of plasma glucagon. The rebound in plasma glucagon in sham-operated animals in response to the rapid decline in glucose concentrations was not as pronounced in either thyroidectomized or T 4 /T 3 injected animals. In conclusion these studies illustrate the secretory dynamics of avian pancreatic endocrine islets in response to both absolute glucose levels and glucose requirements as affected by the thyroid state of the bird.
TUMORS OF THE SKIN. XII. TOPICAL 5-FLUOROURACIL FOR EPIDERMAL NEOPLASMS.

Our studies have been carried out in over 500 patients with an aggregate of more than 15,000 lesions for observation periods in excess of 5 years. Topical chemotherapy with 5-FU was shown to result in selective eradication of premalignant and superficial malignant lesions of the skin. Since the action of 5-FU is selective, it produces minimal or no effects on normal tissues adjacent to tumors. Healing therefore occurs with slight or no apparent scarring. Topical chemotherapy is indicated for solar keratoses and other precancerous lesions as well as for multiple superficial primary skin cancers when standard therapeutic measures are not suitable because large areas of the skin are involved by persistently developing tumors. Topical cancer chemotherapy induces the resolution of premalignant skin lesions and prevents their further development to the malignant stage. Early primary skin cancers and premalignant lesions react to topical antitumor agents before they are otherwise clinically detectable. These tumors can therefore be eradicated before they present significant clinical problems. Early detection and eradication of skin cancers and premalignant skin lesions furthermore result in the reduction of the subsequent incidence of clinically significant tumors. Local chemotherapy therefore appears to have prophylactic value. Local administration of 5-FU results in high concentrations of the antitumor agent at the tumor site, although the total amount administered and the rate of absorption are relatively low. General toxicity such as bone marrow depression and other systemic side-effects are therefore not encountered with local cancer chemotherapy. Superficially located neoplasms are suitable model systems for the study of tumor biology. Local chemotherapy indicates that differential and selective chemical effects can be produced in neoplastic cells and their normal counterparts. Studies on local chemotherapy demonstrate that the selective eradication of malignant disease in many by chemical means is feasible.
The epidemiology of lawn trimmer injuries in the United States: 2000-2009.

Abstract Introduction Yard maintenance equipment is potentially dangerous, and some of the more frequency used equipment (e.g., lawn mowers) has been extensively studied. However, the extent of lawn trimmers as a source of injury has not previously been explored. Methods Data from the Consumer Product Safety Commission's National Electronic Injury Surveillance System were used to estimate the number of patients treated in U.S. emergency departments for lawn trimmer-related injuries. Injury rates were calculated according to age, sex, and race, and characteristics of the injury event were determined. Results An estimated 81,907 injuries involving a lawn trimmer occurred from 2000–2009. The incidence generally increased over time. Men, people aged 40–49, and Caucasians were the groups most likely to be injured. The most commonly injured body part was the head, specifically the eye, accounting for 42.5% of the injuries. Contusions and abrasions were the most common type of injury to the head, but lacerations were the most common injury to the extremities, and strains/sprains were the most common injury to the trunk. Discussion Although previous research on lawn trimmers has focused exclusively on injuries to the eyes, the results of the current study show that such injuries are one component of the problem. Because most of the injuries were due to foreign objects, it is important that the use of adequate safety gear be emphasized when operating lawn trimmers. Impact on Industry Results suggest that lawn trimmer design changes and better safety education for trimmer use can reduce the rate of injury and reverse the current trend.
Rotary Cross-Bispectra and Energy Transfer Functions Between Non-Gaussian Vector Processes I. Development and Example

Abstract Bispectrum and cross-bispectrum analyses of the rotary components of stationary random vector processes are more easily interpreted than similar analyses of their scalar components, and have the advantage that the bispectral estimates are invariant to coordinate rotation. Application to some wind-ocean current data shows these to be non-Gaussian and subject to significant nonlinear coupling over a wide range of interacting triplets of rotary components. A set of complex-valued energy transfer functions are developed by which the magnitudes of the linear and quadratic interactions may be compared.
The effect of handicap stroke location on golf matches

Abstract This paper studies the effect of handicap stroke location on the outcome of handicap match play in golf matches between two players. A discrete control model is constructed and an algorithm for its solution is presented which gives the maximum and minimum expected return in handicap match play. Data collected from 10 golfers is used to actually compute the maximum and minimum expected returns in golf matches. The results show that handicap stroke location is very important in the outcome of handicap golf matches and suggest that further studies should be made.
Oxytocin-stimulated myosin phosphorylation in mammary myoepithelial cells: roles of calcium ions and cyclic nucleotides.

Oxytocin (10 nm) stimulated the phosphorylation of the 20,000 mol wt myosin light chain in rat mammary myoepithelial cells from a basal level of 0.17 to 0.85 mol phosphate/mol light chain within 30 sec. Of the smooth muscle stimulants tested, oxytocin appears to be the only normal physiological stimulus for myosin phosphorylation in these cells. The roles of cAMP, cGMP, and calcium ions were investigated in the mode of action of oxytocin and the regulation of myosin phosphorylation. Although oxytocin had no effect on cGMP metabolism, there was an increase in the cAMP content of the treated myoepithelial cells. Further investigation suggested that the increase in cAMP levels in response to oxytocin was not directly involved in the regulation of myosin phosphorylation. Various agents known to interfere with calcium ion transport were used to study the role of calcium ions in the action of oxytocin and the regulation of myosin phosphorylation. The results indicate that the duration of the cellular response t...
Solute retention in column liquid chromatography. I: Binary non-electrolyte mobile-phase additives at high dilution with silica sorbent

Abstract The two principal models purporting to describe elution behavior are presented, and it is argued that they cannot be distinguished solely on the basis of chromatographic data. A recent modification (so as to describe all known isotherm types) of one of these is fitted in this work to the retentions of five test solutes with silica sorbent and mobile phases comprised of hexane + the additive pairs: THF/MC; ACN/MC; IPA/THF; IPA/MC; ACN/THF; and ACN/IPA over the compositional range 0–0.12% v/v, for which advantages in routine analysis are said to obtain. The fits describe without exception all systems studied to within experimental error, although there is no immediately-apparent correlation of the resultant parameters with the bulk properties either of the solutes or solvents. Nevertheless, the ability to forecast retentions with blended mobile phases from data pertaining to at most four or five measurements is claimed to represent a considerable advance over all other models in use in liquid chrom...
Estimation of miscibility of polymer blends using the solubility parameter concept

Abstract A number of approaches for the prediction of polymer-polymer miscibility have been reviewed. Much work, reported in the literature, has been directed towards understanding the behaviour of polymer and copolymer mixtures using polymer interaction parameters based on empirical or semi-empirical values. These values often require extensive experimental data for their calculation and tend to lack general applicability. A new concept is presented here that is based upon the utilization of the individual component contributions to the solubility parameter. The development of a ‘miscibility parameter’, which describes the interaction of polymer repeat units, provides semi-quantitative values which relate the three basic interactive forces, i.e. dispersive, polar and hydrogen bonding. This results in a generalized scheme applicable to large classes of systems. The validity of the miscibility parameter is tested against other methods described in the literature with good results.
Personal sources for theories of psychotherapy: A bid for eclecticism

Personality and psychotherapy theorists choose certain elements to emphasize in their theories. A major, though usually unrecognized, source for such elements is the personal life of the theorist. Examples are drawn from nine theorists in the areas of family experiences, personal relationships, special experiences, and significant clients. The overall thesis is that an eclectic orientation to psychotherapy may be most appropriate since: (a) all theories emphasize certain elements (and ignore others), which is (b) often aided by (and limited by) the theorist's own life and experiences. Thus, if the client's personal life resembles the theorist's personal life, then the emphases developed by that theorist are most likely to be helpful to that client.
The effects of dopant addition on sintering, electrical conductivity, fracture strength, and corrosion resistance of polycrystalline CaTiO3

The effects of dopant addition on sintering, electrical conductivity, fracture strength, and corrosion resistance of polycrystalline calcium titanate have been investigated for a wide list of potential substitutional dopants. Significant improvements of electrical conductivity at room temperature and corrosion resistance in molten KOH at 450° C have been observed in the polycrystalline calcium titanate specimens doped with tantalum and niobium and cerium and chromium, respectively. These results are in comparison to pure, reduced material. On the other hand, no appreciable effect of dopant addition has been observed on sinterability and fracture strength of the polycrystalline calcium titanate.
Public Scholarship and Economics: Engaging Students in the Democratic Process

Public scholarship is an emerging pedagogical practice that integrates teaching, research, and service in ways that expand student learning by tackling critical, topical problems and generating real solutions. This paper describes the use of a course on women and the economy in two widely disparate institutions to demonstrate the process of integrating public scholarship in economics.
Material alteration and cognitive activity in Aristotle's De Anima

Etude de la relation entre l'activite cognitive et l'alteration materielle dans la theorie psychologique developpee par Aristote dans le «De anima». L'A. mesure la role de l'alteration materielle dans le fonctionnement de la perception chez l'animal en general et dans le fonctionnement de la pensee chez l'homme en particulier
Solubility of ethylenediamine D-tartrate in water.

IN a recent paper1, A. C. Walker has given tables and curves for the solubility–temperature relationship in the system ethylenediamine D-tartrate (anhyd.)–ethylenediamine D-tartrate monohydrate–water. Dr. Walker shows that the salt decomposes slowly in solution, and the consequent change of composition of the solute during the time taken by the solubility determinations introduces some uncertainty in the results. Usually, when preparing a solubility curve, a considerable time must be allowed, at each observed temperature, for equilibrium between solution and solute to be attained. The change of composition of the solute during the experiments is probably responsible for the difference in level, of the order of 1° C., in two of the published curves.
Customized role play: strategy for development of psychiatric mental health nurse practitioner competencies.

Purpose To discuss the teaching/learning strategy of customized role play to enhance psychiatric mental health nurse practitioner (PMHNP) students' entry level competency. Conclusions Customized role play facilitates application of new content, understanding of the patient's experience, and assessment of skill deficits. Practice Implications New PMHNP graduates have entry level proficiency across the life span with a range of psychotherapeutic interventions.
Laboratory Analyses: Environmental And Biological Measurements

From its inception in 1951 to the present, the measurement of radioactive fallout from nuclear weapons testing and the many associated programs to establish global distribution and human health effects have contributed significantly to the understanding of worldwide dispersal of contamination. The original measurements of regional surface deposition of fallout nuclides were with duplicate gummed film collectors. Later, collectors were established in a worldwide network to measure total deposition and specific radionuclides such as 90Sr and 137Cs, which evolved into the first large-scale, global environmental monitoring network. Programs were set up to determine dietary intake and human and animal tissue distribution of 90Sr and 137Cs. Some of the first measurements of natural background dietary radium and body potassium were a response to identify analog elements. The impact of the environmental measurements made for fallout went far beyond any dosimetric consequences. For example, present day information on bone tissue turnover rates are derived mainly from radiochemical analysis of 90Sr measurements in human bone. The spin off from the enormous expenditure in effort to make these measurements and to determine the health consequences of global fallout laid a rich basic and applied scientific foundation in many disciplines, particularly in exposure pathways from ground deposition to dietary uptake and human organ biokinetics.
Localized infection with tobacco necrosis virus protects cucumber against Colletotrichum lagenarium

Abstract A cultivar of cucumber susceptible to Colletotrichum lagenarium race 1 was systemically protected against disease caused by the fungus by prior infection with tobacco necrosis virus (TNV). Infection of one cotyledon with the virus protected the opposite cotyledon and the first true leaf against disease caused by a subsequent infection with C. lagenarium. Autoclaved sap from TNV-infected plants or sap from non-inoculated plants did not elicit protection. Infection with the virus prior to infection with C. lagenarium caused a reduction in the number and size of lesions caused by the fungus at low spore concentrations, but was less effective against higher spore concentrations. The number of lesions formed on a TNV-infected cotyledon was not affected by prior infection of the opposite cotyledon with TNV or C. lagenarium.
945-65 Effect of Left Anterior Hemiblock on the Sensitivity of Exercise Stress Tests

We had observed a relatively high frequency of false negative stress electrocardiograms compared with SPECT thallium scintigraphy in patients with LAHB. Purpose To assess the effect of LAHB on the sensitivity of exercise induced ST depressions for ischemia compared with SPECT thallium scintigraphy Methods A 5–year retrospective analysis of all treadmill thallium stress tests performed in our exercise laboratory was performed. Patients with LBBB, RBBB, IVCD, LVH or l85% of maximal HR were excluded. Study group n = 25 (16 M, 9 F, ages 35–87) Matched controls n = 18. Results (1) The sensitivity of ST depressions for ischemia in the study group was 30% compared with 71%in the control group, the specificities were 90% and 75% respectively. (2) There was no significant association between presence of ischemia on ECG and on SPECT thallium scans in the study group, while an association was found in the control group (p l 0.01). Conclusions The sensitivity of exercise stress tests for ischemia is low in the presence left anterior hemiblock.
Early death from clinical stage I melanoma.

We studied 13 prognostic factors in 582 patients with clinical stage I melanoma to determine which factor or combination of factors was associated with death from melanoma within the first 24 months following diagnosis. Thirty-six patients died during this period. Only 2 deaths occurred in patients with primary tumors thinner than 1.70 mm, and only 2 patients of 189 died with tumors located on the non-BANS extremities, excluding the hands and feet. Individual factors associated with high risk for death within 2 years included level V tumors, acral location, thickness greater than or equal to 3.65 mm, histologic ulceration greater than 3 mm, nodular type, presence of microscopic satellites, greater than 6 mitoses/mm 2 , positive elective node dissection, absence of lymphocyte response at the tumor base, and absence of an associated nevus histologically. Many of the preceding individual factors are highly correlated. By the use of logistic regression analysis, only one very high risk group was found: 71 percent of patients with level V tumors greater than 1.70 mm thick with histologic ulceration width greater than 3 mm located in an area other than the extremities (excluding hands and feet) had died within 2 years of diagnosis. The ability to select high-risk groups should be useful to investigators involved with the design and evaluation of adjuvant therapy studies.
preparation of microgram samples on iron wool for radiocarbon analysis via accelerator mass spectrometry: A closed-system approach

Abstract A technique has been developed at NBS for the production of high quality targets for radiocarbon analysis by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS). Our process optimizes chemical yields, ion currents and characterizes the chemical blank. The approach encompasses sample combustion to CO2, catalytic reduction of CO2 by Zn to CO, reduction to graphitic carbon on high-purity iron wool and in situ formation of a homogeneous iron-carbon bead; all steps are performed in a closed system. The total measurement system blank and variability are considered in the light of contributions from combustion, iron wool, reduction, bead formation and instrument blank. Additionally, use of this approach provides an increase in throughput, i.e. the effective management of large numbers of samples. Chemical yields for 50–800 μg C samples deposited on 15 mg iron wool were greater than 90%. Integrated 12C− ion currents observed were significant, being 4–64% of those observed in pure graphite. These currents are about an order of magnitude greater than those expected from dilution of graphite with an inert substrate. Isotopic accuracy, precision and blank were assessed by measuring the 14 C 13 C ratios of a series of targets prepared from dead carbon and oxalic acid (SRM 4990C). Each target was typically measured for one hour; bead consumption was estimated at 5% to 10%. System blank subsequent to combustion was equivalent to (2.2 ± 0.5) μg modern carbon (chemistry + instrument); combustion blank currently stands at (0.4 ± 0.1) (SE, n = 6) μg C.
Enzyme specificity under dynamic control: a normal mode analysis of alpha-lytic protease.

Abstract We have used α-lytic protease as a model system for exploring the relationship between the internal dynamics of an enzyme and its substrate specificity. The wild-type enzyme is highly specific for small substrates in its primary specificity pocket, while the M190A mutant has a much broader specificity, efficiently catalyzing cleavage of both large and small substrates. Normal modes have been calculated for both the wild-type and the mutant enzyme to determine how internal vibrations contribute to these contrasting specificity profiles. We find that for the atoms lining the walls of the specificity pocket, the wild-type normal modes have a more symmetric character, with the walls vibrating in phase, and the size of the pocket remaining relatively fixed. This is in agreement with X-ray crystallographic data on conformational substates trapped at 120 K. In contrast, we find that in the mutant, the binding pocket normal modes have a more antisymmetric character, with the walls vibrating out of phase, and the pocket able to expand and contract. These results suggest that the internal vibrations of a molecule may play an important role in determining substrate binding and specificity. A small change in protein structure can have a significant effect on the pattern of molecular vibrations, and thus on enzymatic properties, even if the overall amplitudes of the vibrations, as measured by NMR relaxation or crystallographic B-factors, remain largely unchanged.
Direct Observation of a Nuclear Spin Diffusion Barrier

Experiments are reported which measure the relaxation properties of nuclei near a paramagnetic impurity. For ${\mathrm{Y}({\mathrm{C}}_{2}{\mathrm{H}}_{5}\mathrm{S}{\mathrm{O}}_{4})}_{3}$\ifmmode\cdot\else\textperiodcentered\fi{}9${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$O: ${\mathrm{Yb}}^{3+}$, nuclei as close as 3 \AA{} to the Yb ion are in strong thermal contact with the bulk spins, contradicting the traditional notions of the diffusion barrier. I present evidence that impurity-induced diffusion and interaction with the electron spin-spin reservoir are important processes which act to reduce the barrier dimension.
Relativistic isobar model: Spinless particles

Three-body unitarity imposes constraints on isobar amplitudes when different resonance pairs interact. We develop a set of relativistic integral equations which incorporate these constraints together with analyticity. The subenergy dependence of the isobar amplitudes predicted by these equations could be an important ingredient of phenomenological analyses using the isobar model. We point out possible applications and discuss the danger of imposing unitarity without analyticity.
Increased affinity of dimeric enkephalins is not dependent on receptor density

The equilibrium binding and dissociation kinetics of the enkephalin dimer bis-(D-Ala2-D-Leu5-enkephalin)-ethylenediamide (designated DPE2) to neuroblastoma glioma NG108-15 cells were investigated and compared with the monomers D-Ala2-D-Leu5-enkephalin (DADL) and D-Ala2-Leu5-enkephalinamide (DALEA). Binding was studied after exposure of the membrane to increasing concentrations of the irreversible delta receptor selective ligand FIT in order to decrease the density of binding sites on the cell membrane. The increased affinity of DPE2 did not revert to that of the monomer DADL by this reduction of binding sites. Similarly, the dissociation of DPE2 did not approach that of the monomer DALEA in the presence of 1 microM DALEA. These data strongly suggest that crosslinking does not occur, and fail to confirm the hypothesis that dimers with short spanning chain length aid the clustering of receptors. We postulate: 1) If the dimer binds to a bivalent binding site, the monovalent binding state of our bivalent ligand may not exist to an appreciable extent, and 2) the bivalent ligand cannot bind when the binding site is irreversibly blocked by a monovalent ligand.
Effects of base ingredient in cooked molasses blocks on intake and digestion of prairie hay by beef steers.

Twelve steers (332 kg) were used in three simultaneous 4 x 3 incomplete Latin squares to evaluate effects of beet molasses (BEET), cane molasses (CANE), or concentrated separator by-product (CSB) as base ingredients in cooked molasses blocks on intake and digestion of prairie hay and ruminal characteristics. All steers had ad libitum access to prairie hay (5.9% CP and 69.4% NDF; DM basis). The four experimental treatments included a control (no supplement) and three cooked molasses blocks, based on BEET, CANE, or CSB, fed daily at .125% of BW (.42 kg/d as-fed, .13 kg/d CP). Forage OM, NDF, and N intakes; digestible OM, NDF, and N intakes; and total tract OM and N digestibilities (percentage of intake) were greater (P < .05) for steers fed cooked molasses blocks than for control steers. Total tract OM digestibility was greater (P < or = .06) for steers fed BEET blocks (54.0%) than for those fed CSB (52.1%) or CANE blocks (52.2%). Digestion of NDF was greatest (P < .05) for steers fed BEET blocks (51.9%) and tended to be greater (P < .07) for steers fed CANE (49.3%) or CSB blocks (49.3%) than for control steers (46.9%). Ruminal ammonia concentrations were greater (P < .05) for steers fed cooked molasses blocks (.89 mM) than for control steers (.21 mM); this was primarily due to increases to 4.6 mM at 2 h postfeeding for steers fed blocks. Concentrations of total VFA in ruminal fluid were greater (P < .05) for steers fed BEET (92.7 mM) and CSB (88.1 mM) blocks than for control steers (80.3 mM), whereas concentrations for steers fed CANE blocks were intermediate (85.4 mM). Steers supplemented with cooked molasses blocks had greater molar percentages of butyrate than did control steers, particularly shortly after feeding. In summary, supplementation with cooked molasses blocks increased forage intake and digestion. The three base ingredients elicited similar responses, although steers fed BEET had slightly greater OM and NDF digestibilities than those fed CANE or CSB.
Aspects of the Biology of Resting Spores of Thalassiosira nordenskioeldii and Detonula confervacea

Large numbers of resting spores of Thalassiosira nordenskioeldii Cleve and Detonula confervacea (Cleve) Gran were produced when these species were grown at low levels of ammonia and nitrate. The production of resting spores by T. nordenskioeldii was inversely related to temperature. At 0° and 5°C between 68 and 96% of the total cells were resting spores, while at 15°C resting spores were not produced. Resting spores of both species would not survive 7 days in the dark at 20°C. At 0°, 5°, 10° and 15°C, the length of time that the resting spores of both T. nordenskioeldii and D. confervacea remained viable was inversely related to temperature. At 0°C, T. nordenskioeldii remained viable for 576 days. The data suggest that the production of resting spores by these two species does not aid them in the survival of unfavorably high temperatures such as are found in temperate estuaries during the summer. Rather, they appear to be an adaptation for the survival of long periods of darkness in polar regions.
Mobile device video caching to improve video qoe and cellular network capacity

As the video resolution, storage, and rendering capabilities of mobile devices improve, consumers tend to watch more videos on their devices. To address this increasing demand, there is a need to improve the capacity of cellular networks while also improving video Quality of Experience (QoE). Ensuring video QoE via wireless links remains a challenge, not only due to the backhaul demand, but also due to the varying wireless channel conditions caused by fading, multiuser interference, and peak traffic loads. Here, we introduce a reactive Mobile Device Caching (rMDC) framework to improve video capacity (number of concurrent video viewing sessions) and QoE in the presence of the challenges explained above. Using rMDC, a mobile device caches videos reactively as it requests them, evicts the videos least likely to be requested according to its neighbors aggregate User Preference Profile (UPP), and sharing video contents using D2D communication. We use a discrete event statistical simulation framework to study the performance of rMDC. Our simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of rMDC, along with UPP-based caching, in achieving higher capacity and better QoE compared to no mobile device caching.
Genotype analysis of the neuropeptide Y (NPY) Y1 and NPY Y5 receptor genes in gonadotropin-releasing hormone-dependent precocious gonadarche.

Abstract To test whether GnRH-dependent precocious puberty (precocious gonadarche) is associated with loss-of-function mutations in the genes encoding the NPY Y1 and Y5 receptors, we used single-stranded conformation polymorphism analysis to assess for mutations in 15 patients with precocious gonadarche (mean age, 6.84 ± 2.07 years) and in 72 controls. Although variants were not identified in the NPY Y1 receptor gene, 4 patients and 20 control subjects carried a G→A transition resulting in a silent variant, G426G, suggesting that NPY Y1 and Y5 receptor variants do not play a major role in our patient population.
Oscillating optical tweezer-based 3-D confocal microrheometer for investigating the intracellular micromechanics and structures

Mechanical properties of living biological cells are important for cells to maintain their shapes, support mechanical stresses and move through tissue matrix. The use of optical tweezers to measure micromechanical properties of cells has recently made significant progresses. This paper presents a new approach, the oscillating optical tweezer cytorheometer (OOTC), which takes advantage of the coherent detection of harmonically modulated particle motions by a lock-in amplifier to increase sensitivity, temporal resolution and simplicity. We demonstrate that OOTC can measure the dynamic mechanical modulus in the frequency range of 0.1-6,000 Hz at a rate as fast as 1 data point per second with submicron spatial resolution. More importantly, OOTC is capable of distinguishing the intrinsic non-random temporal variations from random fluctuations due to Brownian motion; this capability, not achievable by conventional approaches, is particular useful because living systems are highly dynamic and often exhibit non-thermal, rhythmic behavior in a broad time scale from a fraction of a second to hours or days. Although OOTC is effective in measuring the intracellular micromechanical properties, unless we can visualize the cytoskeleton in situ, the mechanical property data would only be as informative as that of "Blind men and the Elephant". To solve this problem, we take two steps, the first, to use of fluorescent imaging to identify the granular structures trapped by optical tweezers, and second, to integrate OOTC with 3-D confocal microscopy so we can take simultaneous, in situ measurements of the micromechanics and intracellular structure in living cells. In this paper, we discuss examples of applying the oscillating tweezer-based cytorheometer for investigating cultured bovine endothelial cells, the identification of caveolae as some of the granular structures in the cell as well as our approach to integrate optical tweezers with a spinning disk confocal microscope.
A brief review of human perception factors in digital displays for picture archiving and communications systems.

The purpose of this review is to further inform radiologists, physicists, technologists, and engineers working with digital image display devices of issues related to human perception. This article will briefly review the effects of several factors in human perception that are specifically relevant to a digital display environment. These factors include the following: the spatial and contrast resolution of the display device; back-ground luminance level and luminance range of the display system; brightness uniformity; extraneous light in the reading room; displayed field size; viewing distance; image motion and monitor flickering; signal to noise ratio of the displayed image; magnification functions; and the user interface. After reviewing the perception study results, a checklist of desirable features and quality assurance issues for a digital display workstation are presented as an appendix.
The variable magnetic baffle as a control device for Kaufman thrusters.

The variable magnetic baffle described in this paper aids in control of electron flow from the hollow cathode plasma into the main discharge region by augmenting the fringe magnetic field which impedes this electron flow in conventionally baffled Kaufman thrusters. A passive, low loss, and automatic control device is obtained by using the discharge current to excite the control winding. Used in conjunction with typical thruster control loops, stable operation has been obtained over a 10:1 throttling range with a 30 cm thruster. Discharge ignition and overcurrent recycling is also facilitated through use of this device in a permanent magnet thruster.
A Measure of Cultural Competence as an Ethical Responsibility: Quick-Racial and Ethical Sensitivity Test.

This article presents the psychometric qualifications of a new video‐based measure of school professionals' ethical sensitivity toward issues of racial intolerance in schools. The new scale, titled the Quick‐Racial and Ethical Sensitivity Test (Quick‐REST) is based on the ethical principles commonly shared by school‐based professional organisations and James Rest's model of moral decision making. The validation of the measure is established through two separate studies: one conducted with 238 school professionals, including teachers, administrators, psychologists, coaches and others who work in diverse schools; and the other conducted with 57 student teachers. The results, with regard to the internal reliability of the items and convergent and overall construct validity, showed that the Quick‐REST is a psychometrically sound measure of school professionals' ability to recognise violations of ethical principles as depicted in two five‐minute videotapes illustrating instances of racial intolerance in school...
Effects of diaphenylsulphone (dapsone) against Plasmodium vivax of South West Pacific origin

Abstract Studies were carried out to assess the blood schizontocidal effects of dapsone in children with naturally acquired P. vivax infections and to assess its blood schizontocidal and possible tissue schizontocidal effects in adult volunteers infected with the Chesson strain of P. vivax . The effects against P. vivax of South West Pacific origin were unimpressive.
The Amyloid Hypothesis of Alzheimer's Disease: Progress and Problems on the Road to Therapeutics

It has been more than 10 years since it was first proposed that the neurodegeneration in Alzheimer9s disease (AD) may be caused by deposition of amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) in plaques in brain tissue. According to the amyloid hypothesis, accumulation of Aβ in the brain is the primary influence driving AD pathogenesis. The rest of the disease process, including formation of neurofibrillary tangles containing tau protein, is proposed to result from an imbalance between Aβ production and Aβ clearance.
Relationship of the deposition of folic and folinic acids to choline oxidase of isolated mitochondria.

In several recent publications (14) it has been reported that dietary aminopterin produces a marked decrease in rat liver choline oxidase activity as measured by the whole homogenate technique. A simple folic acid deficiency, however, has been shown to produce only slight changes in the activity of this enzyme (5). It was probable that a simple folic acid deficiency did not deplete the tissues of folic (and folinic) acid to a great enough extent to produce much change in the activity of the whole homogenate. If only minute amounts of a folic acid cofactor were needed by the enzyme, a whole liver homogenate, even from deficient animals, might contain enough of the cofactor to maintain the normal activity of the enzyme. The choline oxidase system of rat liver has been shown to be located in the mitochondrial fraction of liver (6-S). Therefore, the authors felt that, if the mitochondria were isolated, washed, and thus freed of extraneous folic acid, folinic acid, or cofactor containing either of these in bound form, the effects of a simple folic acid deficiency could be demonstrated more clearly. In the present investigation not only the effect of a simple folic acid deficiency on the choline oxidase of isolated mitochondria has been studied, but also a comparison has been made with the effects on the mitochondrial activity of the enzyme produced by feeding aminopterin to rats. In order to complement the enzyme results, and to study the correlation of the eneyme activity with folic acid and folinic acid’ concentration in the tissues, all of the samples used for the enzyme determinations were assayed microbiologically for both folic acid and folinic acid. In the course of these
Durable scar size reduction due to allogeneic mesenchymal stem cell therapy regulates whole-chamber remodeling.

Background Intramyocardial injection of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in chronic ischemic cardiomyopathy is associated with reverse remodeling in experimental models and humans. Here, we tested the hypothesis that allogeneic MSC therapy drives ventricular remodeling by producing durable and progressive scar size reduction in ischemic cardiomyopathy. Methods and Results Gottingen swine (n=12) underwent left anterior descending coronary artery myocardial infarction (MI), and 3 months post-MI animals received either intramyocardial allogeneic MSC injection (200 mol/L cells; n=6) or left ventricle (LV) catheterization without injection (n=6). Swine were followed with serial cardiac magnetic resonance imaging for 9 months to assess structural and functional changes of the LV. Intramyocardial injection was performed using an integrated imaging platform combining electroanatomical mapping unipolar voltage and 3-dimensional cardiac magnetic resonance imaging angiography–derived anatomy to accurately target infarct border zone injections. MSC-treated animals had a 19.62±2.86% reduction in scar size at 3 months postinjection, which progressed to 28.09±2.31% from 3 to 6 months postinjection ( P <0.0001). MSC-treated animals had unchanged end-diastolic volume (EDV; P =0.08) and end-systolic volume (ESV; P =0.28) from preinjection to 6 months postinjection, whereas controls had progressive dilatation in both EDV ( P =0.0002) and ESV ( P =0.0002). In addition, MSC-treated animals had improved LV sphericity index. Percentage change in infarct size correlated with percentage change in EDV ( r =0.68; P =0.01) and ESV ( r =0.77; P =0.001). Ejection fraction increased from 29.69±1.68% to 35.85±2.74% at 3 months post-MSC injection and progressed to 39.02±2.42% 6 months postinjection ( P =0.0001), whereas controls had a persistently depressed ejection fraction during follow-up ( P =0.33). Conclusion Intramyocardial injection of allogeneic MSCs leads to a sustained and progressive reduction in infarct size, which in turn drives reverse remodeling and increases in ejection fraction. These findings support ongoing biological activity of cell therapy for substantial periods and suggest optimal end points for future clinical trials.