cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Magnetism of nickel

A previously developed theory of the magnetism of iron, based upon notion of a randomized exchange field, has now been applied to calculate the properties of nickel. We obtained a Curie temperature of 1200 K, about twice the observed value. The magnetization curve, the paramagnetic susceptibility (a Curie-Weiss law), and the distribution of spin lengths are also calculated. Both similarities and differences from the results of the iron calculations are noted.
Isolation of murine small bowel intraepithelial lymphocytes.

Abstract A method for the preparation of cellular suspensions of the epithelium of murine small bowel for the purpose of isolation and recovery of intraepithelial lymphocytes employing intraluminal hyaluronidase digestion is described. Discontinuous Percoll centrifugation of these suspensios yielded a 76–82% pure population of intraepithelial lymphocytes. Between 1.6 and 4.0 × 10 7 viable intraepithelial lymphocytes were obtained per gram of gut. The isolate contained approximately equal numbers of T, B and null lymphocytes.
Final-state-interaction effects in neutron pair emission from pion capture on 12C

Abstract Energy spectra of neutron pairs from the 12 C (π − , 2 n ) 10 B reaction have been measured. The results disagree with calculations which include the neutron-neutron final state interaction, and are in better agreement with calculations which include no final-state interactions at all.
Preliminary Hardware Concepts for a High-Energy Electron-Ring Accelerator

Results of the first study of the conceptual design of a collective-effect proton accelerator of substantial energy (65-100 GeV) are described. Basic theoretical considerations are outlined and components and their arrangement for a conceptual accelerator are discussed. This first study shows that the promise of ERA principle to produce remarkably compact accelerators can be achieved by use of single-pulse surge-excited acceleration cavities. The example single-pass machine provides accelerating gradients of 250 MeV/meter overall where conventional synchrotrons yield 4o-80 MeV/ meter. The relaxed tolerances of the surge-excited cavities and their associated components allow great advantage to be taken of mass-production techniques with ensuing low cost (? M$ 0.24/GeV).
Kinetics of the martensitic f.c.c.→ h.c.p. transformation in CoCrMo alloy powders

Abstract The kinetics of isothermal martensitic nucleation in CoCrMo alloy powders is monitored. It is shown that a linear relation exists between the activation energy for martensite formation and the chemical free energy for the f.c.c. → h.c.p. transition. The nucleation kinetics is governed by the thermally activated motion of partial dislocations and the interaction between the Shockley partials and short range obstacles (stacking faults intersections and solute clusters).
Modeling of the mechanical properties of nanoparticle/polymer composites

Abstract A continuum-based elastic micromechanics model is developed for silica nanoparticle/polyimide composites with various nanoparticle/polyimide interfacial treatments. The model incorporates the molecular structures of the nanoparticle, polyimide, and interfacial regions, which are determined using a molecular modeling method that involves coarse-grained and reverse-mapping techniques. The micromechanics model includes an effective interface between the polyimide and nanoparticle with properties and dimensions that are determined using the results of molecular dynamics simulations. It is shown that the model can be used to predict the elastic properties of silica nanoparticle/polyimide composites for a large range of nanoparticle radii, 10–10,000 A. For silica nanoparticle radii above 1000 A, the predicted properties are equal to those predicted using the standard Mori–Tanaka micromechanical approach, which does not incorporate the molecular structure. It is also shown that the specific silica nanoparticle/polyimide interface conditions have a significant effect on the composite mechanical properties for nanoparticle radii below 1000 A.
RNase Z in Escherichia coli plays a significant role in mRNA decay

Summary Genetic and biochemical analysis of RNase Z in eukaryotes, such as Arabadopsis thaliana, and prokaryotes like Bacillus subtilis have demonstrated that this endoribonuclease is essential for the maturation of tRNA precursors that do not contain a chromosomally encoded CCA determinant. As all Escherichia coli tRNA transcripts have chromosomally encoded CCA determinants, the function of its putative RNase Z homologue, the product of the elaC gene, is not clear. Here we demonstrate that the E. coli ElaC protein (RNase Z) endonucleolytically processes B. subtilis tRNA precursors lacking a CCA determinant both in vivo and in vitro. More importantly, E. coli RNase Z plays a significant role in mRNA decay, a previously unidentified activity for the enzyme. The purified RNase Z protein cleaves the rpsT mRNA at locations distinct from those obtained with RNase E. As expected, under physiological conditions E. coli and B. subtilis tRNA precursors containing a CCA determinant are not substrates. These results suggest a potentially important new role for the RNase Z family of proteins in RNA metabolism, particularly in organisms lacking RNase E.
On the probabilistic completeness of the sampling-based feedback motion planners in belief space

This paper extends the concept of “probabilistic completeness” defined for motion planners in state space (or configuration space) to the concept of “probabilistic completeness under uncertainty” for motion planners in belief space. Accordingly, an approach is proposed to verify the probabilistic completeness of the sampling-based planners in belief space. Finally, through the proposed approach, it is shown that under mild conditions the sampling-based methods constructed based on the abstract framework of FIRM (Feedback-based Information Roadmap Method) are probabilistically complete under uncertainty.
3D microscope imaging robust to restoration artifacts introduced by optically thick specimens

We demonstrate 3D microscope imaging using computational optical sectioning microscopy (COSM) with an engineered point-spread function (PSF) robust to depth-induced spherical aberration (SA). Earlier we demonstrated that wavefront encoding (WFE) using a squared cubic (SQUBIC) phase mask reduces the PSF depth-variance in the presence of SA and that space-invariant (SI) restoration of simulated images using a single WFE-PSF does not lead to artifacts as in the conventional case. In this study, we show experimental verification of our WFE COSM approach. The WFE system used is a commercial microscope with a modified side port imaging path, where a spatial light modulator projects the SQUBIC phase mask on the back focal plane of the imaging lens. High resolution images of a test sample with 6 μm in diameter microspheres embedded in UV-cured optical cement (RI = 1.47) were captured using both the engineered and the conventional imaging paths of the system. The acquired images were restored using a regularized SI expectation maximization algorithm based on Tikhonov-Miller regularization with a roughness penalty. A comparative study quantified in terms of the correlation coefficients between the XZ medial sections of the restored images, from experimental data, shows an 11% reduction in depth sensitivity in the SQUBIC system compared to the conventional system.
List segmentation strategies in direct marketing

List segmentation refers to the set of techniques employed by direct mail marketers to attempt to predict those specific individuals who are more likely than others on a list to respond to a specific direct mail solicitation. Regression analysis is a commonly used list segmentation technique which yields managerially useful results. However, the commonly accepted criteria for evaluating the “goodness” of regression equations (such as adjusted or unadjusted R2) are inappropriate in the list segmentation context. The authors describe a superior evaluation criterion—the Pareto Prediction Criterion—and report on a study in which full forced entry regression is compared to stepwise techniques with varying criteria for entry and removal of a variable. It is shown that the stepwise technique with a very strict criterion for entry of a variable far outperforms the full forced entry technique.
Response of biological soil crust diazotrophs to season, altered summer precipitation, and year-round increased temperature in an arid grassland of the colorado plateau, USA.

Biological soil crusts (biocrusts), which supply significant amounts of fixed nitrogen into terrestrial ecosystems worldwide (~33 Tg y-1), are likely to respond to changes in temperature and precipitation associated with climate change. Using nifH gene-based surveys, we explored variation in the diazotrophic community of biocrusts of the Colorado Plateau, USA in response to season (autumn vs. spring), as well as field manipulations that increased the frequency of small-volume precipitation events and year-round soil temperature. Abundance of nifH genes in biocrusts ranged from 3x106 – 1x108 g-1 soil, and nifH from heterocystous cyanobacteria closely related to Scytonema hyalinum, Spirirestis rafaelensis, and Nostoc commune comprised > 98% of the total. Although there was no apparent seasonal effect on total nifH gene abundance in the biocrusts, T-RFLP analysis revealed a strong seasonal pattern in nifH composition. Spirirestis nifH abundance was estimated to oscillate 1 to >2 orders of magnitude between autumn (low) and spring (high). A year-round increase of soil temperature (2 − 3 °C) had little effect on the diazotroph community structure over 2 years. Altered summer precipitation had little impact on diazotroph community structure over the first 1.5 years of the study, when natural background patterns across years and seasons superseded any treatment effects. However, after the second summer of treatments, nifH abundance was 2.6 fold lower in biocrusts receiving altered precipitation. Heterocystous cyanobacteria were apparently more resilient to altered precipitation than other cyanobacteria. The results demonstrate that diazotrophic community composition of biocrusts in this semi-arid grassland undergoes strong seasonal shifts and that the abundance of its dominant members decreased in response to more frequent, small-volume precipitation events.
Voltage recovery phenomena in distribution feeders

This paper discusses distribution feeder related voltage recovery phenomena following typical faults in a power distribution system, considering the existence of dynamic loads. Such loads consist mainly of induction motors. A three-phase, physically based power system model is utilized, allowing inclusion of system asymmetries and imbalances, typically encountered in distribution systems. The proposed modeling and simulation is based on a quadratic power system model, which allows realistic system modeling with a minimum degree of nonlinearity, without compromising the model accuracy. Preliminary numerical experiments are presented for the purpose of quantifying the phenomena and identifying the major parameters affecting such phenomena.
Bring In, Go Up, Go West, Go Out: Upgrading, Regionalisation and Delocalisation in China's Apparel Production Networks

In recent years, a great deal of research in economic sociology, political economy, international studies, and economic geography has focused on the globalization, governance, and rapidly changing geographies of global commodity chains (GCCs).
Study of Residual Stress Distribution in the Machined Stainless Steel Components

The demand for high quality and fully automated production, coupled with advances in alloy development, focuses attention on the surface condition of products, especially the residual stresses on the machined surface because of its effect on component performance, longevity, and reliability. Although stainless steel is an important, material with wide application, it is not easy to obtain favorable surface condition, due to its sensitivity to thermal and mechanical operations. In order to obtain favorable surface conditions in a stainless steel component, it is necessary to have practical data which include information concerning tool wear, surface roughness and surface residual stress. In the research toward developing a machinability chart which can provide suitable cutting parameters for the high production rate and good quality surface, and can be used in computer controlled machining tools, surface residual stress distributions in the turning process for stainless steel were studied. Austenitic 304 s...
Women, Aging, and HIV: Clinical Issues and Management Strategies

Abstract Women are living longer with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The best way to manage the multiple comorbidities and polypharmacy that are a hallmark of HIV-infected individuals has not been studied. We explore incorporating principles of gerontology, particularly multimorbidity and polypharmacy, to optimize the health of HIV-infected women. Multimorbidity and polypharmacy are important issues for HIV-infected women. Incorporating a gerontological approach may optimize outcomes until research provides more definitive answers as to how best to collaborate with HIV-infected women to provide them with optimal care. A case study is used to guide the discussion.
Efflux of Cyclic Nucleotides from Rat Pineal: Release of Guanosine 3′,5′-Monophosphate from Sympathetic Nerve Endings

Potassium and norepinephrine stimulate the efflux of adenosine 39,59-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) and guanosine 39,59-monophosphate (cyclic GMP) from intact pineal glands. The postsynaptic beta-adrenergic receptor mediates the efflux of cyclic AMP. In contrast, the efflux of cyclic GMP requires calcium and intact nerve endings. It appears that sympathetic nerve endings may release cyclic GMP into the synaptic space.
Dynamics and Control of Rotating Tethered Satellite Systems

The control problems of two different configurations of tethered satellite systems forNASA’s Submillimeter Probe of the Evolution of Cosmic Structure (SPECS) mission are studied and their control performances are compared. The configuration of main focus is the TetraStar model composed of three controlled spacecraft and three uncontrolled counterweights. This system is compared with a triangular tethered satellite system consisting of three controlled spacecraft. The equations ofmotion are derived usingLagrange’s equations. Severalmission scenarios for the SPECS mission considering the operation of an infrared telescope are introduced and asymptotic tracking laws based on Lyapunov control are developed.
High-reflectivity, broadband monolithic silicon photonic crystal mirrors on two-axis MEMS scanner by transfer-printing

We demonstrate a two-axis electrostatic MEMS scanner integrated with high-reflectivity monolithic silicon photonic crystal (PC) mirrors by transfer printing. The PC mirrors show low polarization dependence and reflectivity over 85% in the wavelength range of 1490nm~1505nm and above 90% over the wavelength band of 1550~1570nm. The integration of nanophotonic devices on a MEMS platform with transfer printing enables novel devices with more flexible design and new functionality.
Relativistic effects on angular distribution and polarization of dielectronic satellite lines of hydrogenlike ions

The dielectronic satellite radiation emitted from ions excited by resonant capture of an electron from a directed electron beam can be strongly linearly polarized. We have carried out relativistic calculations of angular asymmetry parameters and polarization of dielectronic satellite lines for H-like ions with Z=9, 22, 28, 42, and 92 using the multiconfiguration Dirac-Fock model. We found that many transitions exhibit strong angular asymmetry and a large degree of polarization. In addition, we found that the polarization of the resulting radiation is independent of atomic number in the nonrelativistic limit. But when the effects of relativity are taken into account, the polarization becomes markedly Z dependent.
Ethanol self-administration in freely feeding and drinking rats : effects of Ro15-4513 alone, and in combination with Ro15-1788 (flumazenil)

Recent work in our laboratory demonstrated that Ro15-4513, a partial inverse benzodiazepine (BDZ) agonist, decreases ethanol (ETOH) self-administration in rodents under fluid deprivation conditions. The present study further examined the effects of Ro15-4513 (2.5 and 5.0 mg/kg) alone and in combination with Ro15-1788, (flumazenil) (8.0 and 16.0 mg/kg), a BDZ receptor antagonist on ETOH self-administration in freely feeding and drinking rats. Animals were trained to consume ETOH (11% v/v) using a limited access procedure. Measurements were taken at 10- and 60-min intervals. Ro15-4513 (2.5 and 5.0 mg/kg) markedly attenuated ETOH consumption at both intervals. The antagonistic actions of Ro15-4513 were completely blocked by the higher dose of flumazenil at both intervals; the lower dose failed to antagonize the Ro15-4513-induced reduction of ETOH intake. When flumazenil was given alone, both doses reduced ETOH self-administration at 60 min; although the magnitude of the antagonism was comparable to that of Ro15-4513 only with the highest does of flumazenil (16.0 mg/kg). Neither Ro15-4513 nor flumazenil alone or in combination significantly altered water intake at any of the tested doses. Rats pretreated with Ro15-4513 showed a substantial reduction in blood ethanol concentration (BEC) compared with the Tween-80 vehicle condition at the 10-min interval. However, the BEC of animals given Ro15-4513 in combination with flumazenil were similar to rats given Tween-80 vehicle. The present study extends our previous research by demonstrating that Ro15-4513 and flumazenil attenuate ETOH self-administration in non-food or water deprived rats. These studies suggest that the suppressant effects of Ro15-4513 and flumazenil on ETOH self-administration are associated with actions at the BDZ site of the GABAA receptor complex. These data are discussed in relation to the possible mechanism(s) by which Ro-15-4513 and flumazenil exert their antagonism on ETOH self-administration.
Effect of chronic ethanol ingestion on pancreatic protein synthesis.

Abstract The effect of chronic ethanol feeding on pancreatic synthesis protein synthesis was assessed by studying the rate of incorporation of [ 3 H]leucine into proteins in isolated rat pancreatic acini in vitro. Chronic ethanol feeding increased the rate of protein synthesis (2–3-fold) compared to controls fed an isocaloric diet. The onset of the increase in protein synthesis was detectable 2 days after the beginning of ethanol feeding, reached a maximum after 7 days and remained constant for up to 4 months. The increased incorporation of [ 3 H]leucine was not due to an increased turnover of proteins as measured in pulse-chase experiments. After separation of individual digestive enzymes by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and determination of the distribution of radioactivity in different proteins, a general increase in the rate of incorporation of the label into all of the protein was observed. In contrast to the observations made with isolated acini, there was no significant difference between the control and ethanol-fed groups when the rate of pancreatic protein synthesis was measured in vivo. However, overnight withdrawal of ethanol led to an increase of approx. 70% in protein synthesis in the ethanol-fed group. These results suggest that chronic ethanol ingestion modifies the control of pancreatic protein synthesis; the enhanced protein synthesis is expressed in isolated acini, i.e., in the absence of physiological factor during chronic ethanol ingestion and vivo after ethanol withdrawal.
User adaptation: good results from poor systems

Several recent studies have found only a weak relationship between the performance of a retrieval system and the "success" achievable by human searchers. We hypothesize that searchers are successful precisely because they alter their behavior. To explore the possible causal relation between system performance and search behavior, we control system performance, hoping to elicit adaptive search behaviors. 36 subjects each completed 12 searches using either a standard system or one of two degraded systems. Using a general linear model, we isolate the main effect of system performance, by measuring and removing main effects due to searcher variation, topic difficulty, and the position of each search in the time series. We find that searchers using our degraded systems are as successful as those using the standard system, but that, in achieving this success, they alter their behavior in ways that could be measured, in real time, by a suitably instrumented system. Our findings suggest, quite generally, that some aspects of behavioral dynamics may provide unobtrusive indicators of system performance.
Fabrication of 3-D Superhydrophobic Micro-Ratchets via Combined Thermal Imprint Lithography and Photolithography

Ratcheted structures with superhydrophobicity have potential to drive motion of liquid drops in microfluidic devices. We report development of a new process to integrate microscale pillars with varied periods of ratchets from sub-micrometer to 1.5 mm in SU-8. For the fabrication, an hierarchical mixed process of thermal imprint lithography and optical UV-lithography was employed. Use of Ni ratchets as stamps and a hydrophobic silane coating on the stamp surfaces significantly improved imprinting performance into SU-8. We have successfully demonstrated fabrication of ratcheted micropillars as well as submicrometer ratchets integrated into micropillars. In addition, we will discuss optimization of the SU-8 imprinting process and the air gap compensation for photolithography of ratcheted SU-8 layers, which are essential for the fabrication.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
Atlantic Margin of North America: ABSTRACT

Recent investigations in previously poorly covered areas and with new techniques have extended our knowledge of the structure of the continental margin of eastern North America. The sedimentary trough under the continental rise has been better defined by seismic profile data and structural trends have been followed by magnetic measurements. Among the features recently identified is a structural offset at 40° North Latitude which appears to be a transcurrent fault offshore End_Page 355------------------------------ and is represented by a change in trend of Triassic and older rocks ashore. The implications of this and other newly established features are discussed. End_of_Article - Last_Page 356------------
Listeners' Reactions to Misarticulations of /1, r, s/

This study determined whether certain articulations are perceived as more negative than others. Adult listeners heard a recording of a speaker feigning a misarticulation of /1/, /r/ or /s/ and rated him on 20 bipolar scales. Factor analysis of these ratings yielded three dimensions of judgment. Findings suggest abnormal articulation generates a negative impression on factors of activity, evaluation, and potency; however, listeners do not appear, in general, to react differentially to these six misarticulations.
Studies of Upper Surface Blown Airfoils in Incompressible and Transonic Flows.

Abstract : Asymptotic and computational methods have been utilized to study the incompressible and transonic flow over upper surface blown airfoils. To provide a framework for more approximate simulations which are subsequently discussed, a full potential formulation is given and various numerical treatments are proposed. In this and the other models, the problem has been decomposed into the treatment of the fine structure of the jet and the analysis of the flow outside of it. Asymptotic expansions of limit process type have been used to treat the jet in a thin layer approximation using suitable strained variables. Although vorticity must be accounted for in matching with the external flow, its effect on the Spence boundary conditions derived under irrotational assumptions is nil in regions away from the trailing edge and jet exit. A similar conclusion applies for compressibility. The condition of flow pressure and direction compatibility replacing the Kutta condition for the unblown configuration indicates that a dividing streamline leaves tangent to the upper surface of the airfoil at the trailing edge. Computational results for a USB airfoil indicate significant enhancements in lift with blowing. Comparisons with experiments indicate that viscous wall jet effects, wave interaction phenomena with the mixing zones near the jet exit and trailing edge layers must be incorporated into the model for improved simulation of the flow physics. (Author)
Energetic costs of mating in a flightless female firefly,Photinus collustrans (Coleoptera: Lampyridae)

L'effet de l'accouplement retarde sur le nombre d'œufs a ete etudie sur P.c. en recoltant des femelles la 1ere nuit ou apres plusieurs nuits sans accouplement et en les dissequant pour connaitre le nombre d'œufs
Development and characterization of 12 microsatellite markers for the Island Night Lizard (Xantusia riversiana), a threatened species endemic to the Channel Islands, California, USA

The Island Night Lizard is a federally threatened species endemic to the Channel Islands of California. Twelve microsatellite loci were developed for use in this species and screened in 197 individuals from across San Nicolas Island, California. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 6 to 21. Observed heterozygosities ranged from 0.520 to 0.843. These microsatellite loci will be used to investigate population structure, effective population size, and gene flow across the island, to inform protection and management of this species.
Population genetic structure of black-tailed prairie dogs, a highly interactive species, in fragmented urban habitat

Fragmentation of wildlife populations can have detrimental effects, including genetic differentiation of populations, loss of genetic diversity, and inbreeding depression. We evaluated the genetic structure among isolated colonies of black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) along an urban gradient in southern Denver, Colorado. Urban colonies are important ecologically and for educational purposes, and they serve as source populations for relocation efforts. Levels of genetic differentiation between colonies were high relative to colonies in natural habitat at comparable or greater distances. Prairie dog colonies depend on dispersal among colonies for long-term persistence, and we found evidence for reduced but measurable rates of movement of individual prairie dogs among urban fragments. We observed a trend for smaller and more isolated colonies to exhibit lower genetic diversity, but we did not detect inbreeding in any of the colonies sampled. Isolation-bydistance measures, including measures based on permeability of various features of urban habitat such as roads and development, did not explain genetic differences. Our system represents a possible end point in the genetic consequences of continued loss and isolation of prairie dog colonies as fragmentation increases in both urban and natural landscapes. Urban development could affect dispersal in unexpected and complex ways and requires further study, but prairie dog colonies and their associated wildlife communities in urban areas have the potential for long-term persistence if not extirpated by human activity. DOI: 10.1644/09-MAMM-A-019.1.
Development and test of IEEE 1588 Precision Timing Protocol for ocean observatory networks

We report the development and testing of an IEEE 1588 precision timing protocol link for an undersea network application. The system provides clock synchronization between a dry-end Global Positioning system (GPS) timing receiver (a 1588 grandmaster clock) and multiple wet-end nodes (1588 clients or slaves) for the purpose of synchronized data acquisition, control, and data time stamps. The system consists of a distributed fiber optic Gigabit Ethernet network that will span approximately 200 km of seabed. The IEEE 1588 standard is discussed, as well as the protocol, the protocol algorithm, and various prototype architectures that were examined during design and development. These architectures included pure software implementations, pure firmware implementations, and mixed software-firmware designs. Tests and performance measurements on the various architectures are discussed, including accuracy of the network timing distribution and limitations of each approach. Potential improvements are also discussed for future undersea networks.
Authenticating distributed data using Web services and XML signatures

As the need for digital data becomes more ubiquitous, so does the need to provide efficient mechanisms for distributing and verifying the authenticity of that data. We present an architecture for authenticating responses to queries from untrusted mirrors of authenticated dictionaries using Web Services and XML Signatures. We also describe an implementation of our scheme for the Secure Transaction Management System.
The Structure of the Eye of a Galatheid Crustacean, Pleuroncodes Planipes 1)

Der Bau des Komplexauges von Pleuroncodes planipes wird beschrieben. Jeder Augenkeil besteht aus einer Corneafacette, zwei Corneazellen, vier Kegelzellen, einem vierteiligen Kristallkegel, einem vierteLigen Kristallstiel, einem langen, glasartigen Faden, einem vierteiligen Rhabdom und sieben Sehzellen. Die Sehzellen produzieren sowohl den Faden als auch das Rhabdom. Im Lichtauge gehoren zu jedem Augenkeil zwei Hauptpigmentzellen, die sich von der Cornea bis zum Faden erstrecken. Im Dunkelauge erstreckt sich das Hauptpigment nur noch von der Cornea bis zum proximalen Ende des Kristallkegels. Eine weitere Pigmentzelle liegt neben jedem Rhabdom. Im Lichtauge erstreckt sich das Pigment dieser Zelle von dem Faden bis zum proximalen Ende des Rhabdoms. Im Dunkelauge ist das Rhabdom pigmentfrei. Die Brechungsindizes des dioptrischen Apparates (Cornea, Kristallkegel und Faden) sprechen dafur, dass alle an das distale Ende eines Fadens fallenden Lichtstrahlen bei innerer Reflexion auf das Rhabdom des gleichen Augenkeiles treffen.
Respiration of Louisiana Freshwater Floating Marsh Soils Amended with Ammonium, Phosphate, and Sulfate

Wetland soils of the freshwater coastal deltaic regions of Louisiana have developed under decreasing influence from the Mississippi River, which has resulted in lower available nutrient conditions and sediment input relative to other coastal marshes. A laboratory soil respiration experiment was conducted to measure cumulative carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) production in soils from a floating freshwater marsh in response to additions of added ammonium (N), phosphate (P), ammonium (N) + phosphate (P), and sulfate (S). CO2 respiration was significantly greater over a 28-day period than controls following ammonium N, phosphorus, and sulfate addition at 10 mg L−1. Nitrogen and phosphorus addition at 10 mg L−1 also increased methane production. The lower sulfate amendment (10 mg L−1) did not significantly increase CH4 production. In contrast, the greatest sulfate treatment (100 m l−1) significantly reduced total carbon (C) production by inhibiting CH4 production. The fact that soil C/N (20.2) and C/P (3...
Drug-eluting stent implantation in ST-elevation acute myocardial infarction: ‘real world’ 30-day and mid-term results

Abstract Primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with stent implantation is the preferred method of reperfusion for ST-elevation acute myocardial infarction. Concern remains over the use of drug-eluting stents in the acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction setting, with limited published reports on their use for this application. We studied 64 consecutive patients presenting with an acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction who underwent mechanical reperfusion with implantation of a drug-eluting stent. Both sirolimus- and paclitaxel-eluting stents were used. Primary outcome was the occurrence of major adverse cardiac events, defined as death, nonfatal reinfarction or clinically driven target vessel revascularization. Post-procedural success was achieved in 63 patients (98%). In-hospital mortality was 1.6%. During a median follow-up of 234 days, there were no cases of stent thrombosis, reinfarction or reintervention. These findings conducted in a ‘real world' practice setting in the United States demonstrate that drug-eluting stent implantation for acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction is safe and effective, with a low rate of major adverse cardiac events during mid-term follow-up.
Ontogeny of the nasolacrimal duct in primates: functional and phylogenetic implications

The ontogeny of the nasolacrimal ducts (NLD) and canals (NLC) are investigated in strepsirrhine and haplorhine primates. Developmental series of serially sectioned fetal, perinatal and adult specimens, in combination with juvenile and adult skulls subjected to high-resolution computed tomography, reveal that the vertical NLC and NLD of adult tarsiers and anthropoids are produced by the degeneration of a more horizontal anterior arm of the NLD that is present only transiently in haplorhines, but is maintained throughout life in strepsirrhines. This degeneration manifests as an ‘unzipping’ of the anterior arm by means of progressive enlargement (in a rostral direction) of a caudally placed opening of the NLD (at the base of the vertical NLC), followed by breakdown of the resulting epithelial groove. The similar mode by which the anterior arm of the membranous NLD degenerates in tarsiers and anthropoids strongly suggests that the conditions in these two taxa are homologous, and provides additional evidence for a monophyletic Haplorhini. The functional relationship between the nasolacrimal duct and the vomeronasal organ is reviewed in light of this evidence, and it is suggested that these changes in the haplorhine NLD were functionally linked to the development of anatomical haplorhinism of the oronasal complex.
Thermoluminescence of Manganese-Activated Zinc Fluoride Phosphors*

Thermoluminescence measurements at linear heating rates of 0.025 and 0.100 K°/sec. on the ZnF2:Mn phosphor with electron and ultraviolet excitation have been made as a function of activator concentration and crystallization temperature. Five individual glow peaks between 100°K and 700°K have been clearly resolved. The relative intensities and widths of the peaks are independent of the type of excitation and activator concentration but are strongly dependent on crystallization temperature and subsequent annealing. A detailed theoretical analysis of the glow peak at 350°K with the 0.025 K°/sec. heating rate indicates that the most probable mechanism of the kinetics is basically first order with a strong probability of retrapping. The depths of the electron traps responsible for the complete thermoluminescence are estimated, and the possibilities of the precise physical nature of individual electron traps in ZnF2:Mn are discussed in the light of the glow data.
Carbidopa attenuation of L-DOPA emesis in dogs: evidence for a cerebral site of action outside the blood-brain barrier.

Abstract L-Dopa and dopamine administered intracerebroventricularly (i.c.vent.) to dogs were approximately 50 times more potent as emetic agents than when administered i.v. The fact that dopamine, which penetrates the CNS only poorly, was more potent than L-dopa by both routes of administration, suggested a central extra-blood-brain barrier site of action for L-dopa-induced emesis. Systemically administered D,L-carbidopa, an inhibitor of aromatic amino acid decarboxylase, did not affect the emetic action of systemically administered dopamine but attenuated the emetic response to L-dopa administered both i.v. or i.c.vent. Since D,L-carbidopa does not penetrate whole brain to a significant extent it was concluded that carbidopa attenuates L-dopa-induced emesis by inhibiting the decarboxylation of L-dopa to dopamine at a CNS site lying outside the blood-brain barrier.
Diverse acoustic cues at consonantal landmarks.

The consonantal segments that underlie an utterance are manifested in the acoustic signal by abrupt discontinuities or dislocations in the spectral pattern. There are potentially two such discontinuities for each consonant, corresponding to the formation and release of a constriction in the oral cavity by the lips, the tongue blade, or the tongue body. Acoustic cues for the various consonant features of place, voicing and nasality reside in the signal in quite different forms on the two sides of each acoustic discontinuity. Examples of these diverse cues and their origin in acoustic theory are reviewed, with special attention to place features and features related to the laryngeal state and to nasalization. A listener appears to have the ability to integrate these diverse, brief acoustic cues for the features of consonants, although the mechanism for this integration process is unclear.
Magnetoresistance calculations for a quantum wire with periodically modulated width

Abstract We present numerical calculations of the magnetoresistance in a ballistic quantum wire with periodically modulated width. Surprisingly, the negative magnetoresistance peak is found to persist to a field strength which is two orders of magnitude larger than in single quantum dots. In the weakB-field regime, our results are in good agreement with recent experiments. We argue that the wide peak is due to multiple backscattering among the segments of the wire, leading to a novel weak localization effect.
Surgical closure of patent foramen ovale in cryptogenic stroke patients

Background and Purpose Patent foramen ovale (PFO) is associated with stroke of unknown etiology or cryptogenic stroke. However, optimal treatment to prevent recurrence in cryptogenic stroke patients with PFO is not clearly defined. Since PFO represents a surgically repairable lesion, interest in closing it is high. This report reviews our experience with cryptogenic stroke patients with PFO who underwent surgical PFO closure and were followed for recurrence of neurological events. Methods We followed 28 cryptogenic stroke patients (17 men, 11 women; mean age, 41±13 years) with transesophageal echocardiograpy–defined PFO who had undergone PFO closure by open thoracatomy. All patients selected for surgery refused, could not take, or failed warfarin therapy. They were followed by physician visits and telephone interviews. Results There were no surgical complications. With a mean follow-up of 19 months, four patients experienced neurological event recurrence, one stroke, and three transient ischemic attacks. ...
Age-dependent lipid peroxidation in neonatal rat lung tissue.

Abstract A unique, age-specific pulmonary lipid peroxidation has been found to occur after incubation of neonatal rat lung homogenates in the absence of any added factors. As measured by the formation of malondialdehyde, lipid peroxidation was not detectable in rat lung homogenates prepared from animals immediately after birth but appeared by the second day and reached a maximum at 5 days of age. The effect gradually disappeared by 20 to 21 days after birth. The addition of NADPH did not enhance lipid peroxidation in the sensitive age group nor did it initiate lipid peroxidation when added to lung homogenates from either 1-day-old or adult rats. The activities and concentrations of various endogenous antioxidants were measured in neonatal lung tissue. When measured in lung tissue obtained from rats during the sensitive age period, no concomitant deficiencies of glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, reduced glutathione, or a-tocopherol were observed. With the exception of α-tocopherol, none of these factors inhibited malondialdehyde formation when added to homogenized lung tissue prepared from 5-day-old rats. α-Tocopherol did inhibit malondialdehyde formation in 5-day-old rat lung homogenates but at a concentration much greater than the endogenous concentration found in adult rat lungs. The 21-day neonatal age period during which malondialdehyde is produced following incubation of lung tissue is similar to the 3-week period immediately after birth reported to be the time of maximum proliferation of rat lung fibroblasts, type 1 pneumocytes and type II pneumocytes.
TGF-β and phorbol esters inhibit mitogenesis utilizing parallel protein kinase C-dependent pathways

TGF-β and phorbol esters inhibit mitogenesis utilizing parallel protein kinase C-dependent pathways. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β mediates matrix production in both mesangial and vascular smooth muscle cells. Both TGF-β and phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) exert both positive and negative effects on mitogenesis in these as well as other cell types. Phorbol esters act through stimulation of protein kinase C (PKC) and are among the most potent tumor promoters known. The present study was conducted to determine if the growth inhibitory effect of TGF-β parallels that of the phorbol esters and whether this effect of TGF-β is dependent on activation of PKC. We show that, in vascular smooth muscle cells stimulated to divide by the addition of the serum component basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), TGF-β1 inhibits mitogenesis in a dose-dependent manner, by a maximum of 79% when applied at a concentration of 1 ng/ml. Furthermore, the inhibitory effect on mitogenesis of either TGF-β1 or PMA, when added four hours after bFGF, are 71% and 84%, respectively. Both TGF-β1 and PMA cause translocation of cellular PKC with similar time courses, while neither PKC-α nor PKC-βII are increased in quantity in response to TGF-β1. In addition, down-regulation of PKC by 24 hours incubation with PMA abolishes TGF-β's inhibitory effect in bFGF-stimulated cells. We conclude that (i) the signaling pathway utilized by TGF-β resulting in inhibition of mitogenesis parallels that of PMA, and (ii) the inhibitory effect of TGF-β1 on bFGF-induced mitogenesis is partially due to activation of PKC. These data suggest that TGF-β may be an endogenous activator of the growth-inhibitory pathway of PKC, and, since cellular differentiated functions generally occur when the cells are proliferation-inhibited, PKC may be a modulator of extracellular matrix deposition.
SU-FF-T-142: Determination of Correction Factors for a 2D Diode Array Measurements in MV Photon Beams

Purpose: To evaluate the accuracy of MapCheck measurements for range of field‐sizes, SSDs and depths. Method and Materials: Central axis measurements for various collimator settings (3×3cm2 to 40×40cm2), SSDs (80cm, 90cm, 100cm and 110cm) and depths (5cm, 10cm, 20cm) for 6 and 15 MV‐photon beams were performed using MapCheck and PTW MP3 system (0.125cc IC). Correction factor was determined as the ratio of IC to MapCheck measurements.Backscattering effect was assessed by comparing the MapCheck measurements with and without 10cm thick water‐equivalent backscattering material. Phantom scattering effect was evaluated by taking the ratio of MapCheck with backscattering material to the IC measurements under electron equilibrium conditions. This was also compared to the theoretical calculation using ratios of phantom scatter factor between an infinite large and 30 by 30 cm2 phantom. For 15MV, additional effect due to heterogeneity structure in the Mapcheck needs to be added. Results: The total correction factor for 6MV‐photon beams was up to 9.5%, mostly due to the lack of phantom scattering in MapCheck measurements when the field‐sizes larger than 30cm. The result was consistent with theoretical analysis with phantom scatter alone. The backscatter correction factor varied by 3% and increased with increasing field‐size. For 15MV, the total correction factor was up to 8%. The difference between the measured correction factor and theoretical calculation is attributed to heterogeneity factor, about 2% and is a function of field‐size only. Conclusion: We have determined correction factors for MapCheck which is a function of the scaled field‐size and depth only and can be mostly explained by lack of phantom scattering for large fields. A theoretical model is provided for general case when the solid phantom used is not 30×30 cm2.
Application of generalized gradient-corrected density functionals to iron.

The electronic structure and total energy of iron are calculated for the fcc and bcc crystal structures using the linear muffin-tin oribtal method in the atomic-sphere approximation (LMTO-ASA). Results obtained using the recently proposed gradient-corrected density functional of Perdew and Wang (PW91) are presented and are compared to those obtained with the local- (spin-) density approximation (LSDA). It is found that substantially better agreement with measured quantities for both structural and electronic properties is achieved with the PW91 approximation than with the LSDA. The effects of including corrections to the ASA are briefly discussed.
An Exploration of the Relationship between Interpersonal Problems and Psychological Health

The relationship between interpersonal distress and psychological health was investigated using a sample of 185 college undergraduates. Subjects completed the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems (a measure of interpersonal distress), the Personal Orientation Inventory (a measure of self-actualization), and the Miller Social Intimacy Scale (a measure of interpersonal closeness). The mean of scores on the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems was compared with the mean of the clinical sample reported in 1988 by Horowitz, et al. The measures of psychological health were correlated with the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems total and with the octant scales of the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems-Circumplex version. The measures were also projected onto the circumplex to summarize their interpersonal connotations.
Abnormal cytokine expression in Sézary and adult T-cell leukemia cells correlates with the functional diversity between these T-cell malignancies.

The Sezary syndrome (SzS) and adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) are malignant proliferations of mature T-lymphocytes that possess distinct functions. Sezary cells function as helper cells, whereas ATL cells are usually suppressor effectors. Although phenotypically similar (CD4+/CD7-/CD8-), these functional differences between the T-cell lymphoproliferative disorders suggest different patterns of cytokine expression. We wished to delineate the cytokine mechanisms potentially underlying the diverse functional characteristics of SzS and ATL. Therefore, we analyzed the expression of interleukins (IL) 2, 4, and 5, gamma-interferon, and transforming growth factor beta 1 in the highly purified leukemic T-cells from 5 SzS and 5 ATL patients. Decreased mRNA and protein levels of IL-2, gamma-interferon, and IL-5 were detected in mitogen-stimulated ATL and SzS cells when compared to similarly cultured normal CD4+ cells. In contrast, IL-4 production was markedly up-regulated in the leukemic cells of 4/5 SzS patients as compared to ATL and normal controls. Finally, fresh ATL cells secreted higher levels of transforming growth factor beta 1 into the culture medium than the malignant T-cells from SzS patients. Collectively these results suggest that, similar to the murine CD4-expressing T-cell subsets Th1 and Th2, different cytokine profiles exist in a human population of CD4+ T-cells. Moreover, the distinct patterns of IL-4 and transforming growth factor beta 1 expression by SzS and ATL cells, respectively, are most consistent with the functional differences (i.e., helper versus suppressor activity) between these T-cell malignancies and thus may play important roles in the pathogenesis of the paraneoplastic features associated with these two leukemias.